1
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Ettedgui J, Yamamoto K, Blackman B, Koyasu N, Raju N, Vasalatiy O, Merkle H, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM, Krishna MC, Swenson RE. In vivo Metabolic Sensing of Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate in Mice Using a Recyclable Perfluorinated Iridium Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407349. [PMID: 38829568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Real-time visualization of metabolic processes in vivo provides crucial insights into conditions like cancer and metabolic disorders. Metabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), by amplifying the signal of pyruvate molecules through hyperpolarization, enables non-invasive monitoring of metabolic fluxes, aiding in understanding disease progression and treatment response. Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) presents a simpler, cost-effective alternative to dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, eliminating the need for expensive equipment and complex procedures. We present the first in vivo demonstration of metabolic sensing in a human pancreatic cancer xenograft model compared to healthy mice. A novel perfluorinated Iridium SABRE catalyst in a fluorinated solvent and methanol blend facilitated this breakthrough with a 1.2-fold increase in [1-13C]pyruvate SABRE hyperpolarization. The perfluorinated moiety allowed easy separation of the heavy-metal-containing catalyst from the hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate target. The perfluorinated catalyst exhibited recyclability, maintaining SABRE-SHEATH activity through subsequent hyperpolarization cycles with minimal activity loss after the initial two cycles. Remarkably, the catalyst retained activity for at least 10 cycles, with a 3.3-fold decrease in hyperpolarization potency. This proof-of-concept study encourages wider adoption of SABRE hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MR for studying in vivo metabolism, aiding in diagnosing stages and monitoring treatment responses in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ettedgui
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 10 Center Drive Maryland, 20814, United States
| | - Burchelle Blackman
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States
| | - Norikazu Koyasu
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 10 Center Drive Maryland, 20814, United States
| | - Natarajan Raju
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States
| | - Olga Vasalatiy
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States
| | - Hellmut Merkle
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, 10 Center Drive Maryland, 20814, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, 62901, United States
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 10 Center Drive Maryland, 20814, United States
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States
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2
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Sviyazov SV, Burueva DB, Chukanov NV, Razumov IA, Chekmenev EY, Salnikov OG, Koptyug IV. 15N Hyperpolarization of Metronidazole Antibiotic in Aqueous Media Using Phase-Separated Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange with Parahydrogen. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5382-5389. [PMID: 38738984 PMCID: PMC11151165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Metronidazole is a prospective hyperpolarized MRI contrast agent with potential hypoxia sensing utility for applications in cancer, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. We demonstrate a pilot procedure for production of ∼30 mM hyperpolarized [15N3]metronidazole in aqueous media by using a phase-separated SABRE-SHEATH hyperpolarization method, with nitrogen-15 polarization exceeding 2.2% on all three 15N sites achieved in less than 2 min. The 15N polarization T1 of ∼12 min is reported for the 15NO2 group at the clinically relevant field of 1.4 T in the aqueous phase, demonstrating a remarkably long lifetime of the hyperpolarized state. The produced aqueous solution of [15N3]metronidazole that contained only ∼100 μM of residual Ir was deemed biocompatible via validation through the MTT colorimetric test for assessing cell metabolic activity using human embryotic kidney HEK293T cells. This low-cost and ultrafast hyperpolarization procedure represents a major advance for the production of a biocompatible HP [15N3]metronidazole (and potentially other hyperpolarized drugs) formulation for MRI sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Sviyazov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dudari B. Burueva
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Razumov
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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3
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Nguyen HMH, Thomas DC, Hart MA, Steenback KR, Levy JN, McNally A. Synthesis of 15N-Pyridines and Higher Mass Isotopologs via Zincke Imine Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2944-2949. [PMID: 38227776 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Methods to incorporate stable radioisotopes are integral to pharmaceutical and agrochemical development. However, despite the prevalence of pyridines in candidate compounds, methods to incorporate 15N atoms within their structures are limited. Here, we present a general approach to pyridine 15N-labeling that proceeds via ring-opening to NTf-Zincke imines and then ring-closure with commercially available 15NH4Cl salts. This process functions on a range of substituted pyridines, from simple building block-type compounds to late-stage labeling of complex pharmaceuticals, and 15N-incorporation is >95% in most cases. The reactivity of the Zincke imine intermediates also enables deuteration of the pyridine C3- and C5-positions, resulting in higher mass isotopologs required for LCMS analysis of biological fluids during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary M H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - David C Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Marie A Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Kaila R Steenback
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey N Levy
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Andrew McNally
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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4
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Ettedgui J, Blackman B, Raju N, Kotler SA, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM, Merkle H, Woodroofe CC, LeClair C, Krishna MC, Swenson RE. Perfluorinated Iridium Catalyst for Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange Provides Metal-Free Aqueous Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]-Pyruvate. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:946-953. [PMID: 38154120 PMCID: PMC10785822 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 [13C] enables the specific investigation of dynamic metabolic and physiologic processes via in vivo MRI-based molecular imaging. As the leading HP metabolic agent, [1-13C]pyruvate plays a pivotal role due to its rapid tissue uptake and central role in cellular energetics. Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP) is considered the gold standard method for the production of HP metabolic probes; however, development of a faster, less expensive technique could accelerate the translation of metabolic imaging via HP MRI to routine clinical use. Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in SHield Enabled Alignment Transfer (SABRE-SHEATH) achieves rapid hyperpolarization by using parahydrogen (p-H2) as the source of nuclear spin order. Currently, SABRE is clinically limited due to the toxicity of the iridium catalyst, which is crucial to the SABRE process. To mitigate Ir contamination, we introduce a novel iteration of the SABRE catalyst, incorporating bis(polyfluoroalkylated) imidazolium salts. This novel perfluorinated SABRE catalyst retained polarization properties while exhibiting an enhanced hydrophobicity. This modification allows the easy removal of the perfluorinated SABRE catalyst from HP [1-13C]-pyruvate after polarization in an aqueous solution, using the ReD-SABRE protocol. The residual Ir content after removal was measured via ICP-MS at 177 ppb, which is the lowest reported to date for pyruvate and is sufficiently safe for use in clinical investigations. Further improvement is anticipated once automated processes for delivery and recovery are initiated. SABRE-SHEATH using the perfluorinated SABRE catalyst can become an attractive low-cost alternative to d-DNP to prepare biocompatible HP [1-13C]-pyruvate formulations for in vivo applications in next-generation molecular imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ettedgui
- Chemistry
and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Burchelle Blackman
- Chemistry
and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Natarajan Raju
- Chemistry
and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Samuel A. Kotler
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian
Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Hellmut Merkle
- National
Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke, Laboratory for Functional and Molecular Imaging, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Carolyn C. Woodroofe
- Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Treatment
and Diagnosis (DCTD), National Cancer Institute, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, Maryland 21701 United States
| | - Christopher
A. LeClair
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Center
for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry
and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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5
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MacCulloch K, Browning A, Bedoya DOG, McBride SJ, Abdulmojeed MB, Dedesma C, Goodson BM, Rosen MS, Chekmenev EY, Yen YF, TomHon P, Theis T. Facile hyperpolarization chemistry for molecular imaging and metabolic tracking of [1- 13C]pyruvate in vivo. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE OPEN 2023; 16-17:100129. [PMID: 38090022 PMCID: PMC10715622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmro.2023.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization chemistry based on reversible exchange of parahydrogen, also known as Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), is a particularly simple approach to attain high levels of nuclear spin hyperpolarization, which can enhance NMR and MRI signals by many orders of magnitude. SABRE has received significant attention in the scientific community since its inception because of its relative experimental simplicity and its broad applicability to a wide range of molecules, however in vivo detection of molecular probes hyperpolarized by SABRE has remained elusive. Here we describe a first demonstration of SABRE-hyperpolarized contrast detected in vivo, specifically using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Biocompatible formulations of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate in, both, methanol-water mixtures, and ethanol-water mixtures followed by dilution with saline and catalyst filtration were prepared and injected into healthy Sprague Dawley and Wistar rats. Effective hyperpolarization-catalyst removal was performed with silica filters without major losses in hyperpolarization. Metabolic conversion of pyruvate to lactate, alanine, and bicarbonate was detected in vivo. Pyruvate-hydrate was also observed as minor byproduct. Measurements were performed on the liver and kidney at 4.7 T via time-resolved spectroscopy and chemical-shift-resolved MRI. In addition, whole-body metabolic measurements were obtained using a cryogen-free 1.5 T MRI system, illustrating the utility of combining lower-cost MRI systems with simple, low-cost hyperpolarization chemistry to develop safe, and scalable molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keilian MacCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
| | - Austin Browning
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
| | - David O. Guarin Bedoya
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J. McBride
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
| | | | - Carlos Dedesma
- Vizma Life Sciences Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Matthew S. Rosen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yi-Fen Yen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Vizma Life Sciences Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695,USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Joint UNC & NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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6
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Min S, Baek J, Kim J, Jeong HJ, Chung J, Jeong K. Water-Compatible and Recyclable Heterogeneous SABRE Catalyst for NMR Signal Amplification. JACS AU 2023; 3:2912-2917. [PMID: 37885596 PMCID: PMC10598823 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A water-compatible and recyclable catalyst for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) hyperpolarization via signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) was developed. The [Ir(COD)(IMes)Cl] catalyst was attached to a polymeric resin of bis(2-pyridyl)amine (heterogeneous SABRE catalyst, HET-SABRE catalyst), and it amplified the 1H NMR signal of pyridine up to (-) 4455-fold (43.2%) at 1.4 T in methanol and (-) 50-fold (0.5%) in water. These are the highest amplification factors ever reported among HET-SABRE catalysts and for the first time in aqueous media. Moreover, the HET-SABRE catalyst demonstrated recyclability by retaining its activity in water after more than three uses. This newly designed polymeric resin-based heterogeneous catalyst shows great promise for NMR signal amplification for biomedical NMR and MRI applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sein Min
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Juhee Baek
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jean Chung
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
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7
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Najera D, Fout AR. Iron-Catalyzed Parahydrogen Induced Polarization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21086-21095. [PMID: 37698953 PMCID: PMC10863066 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) can address the low sensitivity problem intrinsic to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Using a catalyst capable of reacting with parahydrogen and substrate in either a hydrogenative or nonhydrogenative manner can result in signal enhancement of the substrate. This work describes the development of a rare example of an iron catalyst capable of reacting with parahydrogen to hyperpolarize olefins. Complexes of the form (MesCCC)Fe(H)(L)(N2) (L = Py (Py = pyridine), PMe3, PPh3) were synthesized from the reaction of the parent complexes (MesCCC)FeMes(L) (Mes = mesityl) with H2. The isolated low-spin iron(II) hydride compounds were characterized via multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. (MesCCC)Fe(H)(Py)(N2) is competent in the hydrogenation of olefins and demonstrated high activity toward the hydrogenation of monosubstituted terminal olefins. Reactions with p-H2 resulted in the first PHIP effect mediated by iron which requires diamagnetism throughout the reaction sequence. This work represents the development of a new PHIP catalyst featuring iron, unlocking potential to develop more PHIP catalysts based on first-row transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
C. Najera
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois
at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alison R. Fout
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
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8
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Jeong HJ, Min S, Baek J, Kim J, Chung J, Jeong K. Real-Time Reaction Monitoring of Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions Using Benchtop NMR-Based Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE). ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:134-142. [PMID: 37090259 PMCID: PMC10120034 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rufinamide, possessing a triazole ring, is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) relatively well-absorbed in the lower dose range (10 mg/kg per day) and is currently being used in antiepileptic medications. Triazole derivatives can interact with various enzymes and receptors in biological systems via diverse non-covalent interactions, thus inducing versatile biological effects. Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) is a significant method for obtaining triazoles, even under physiological conditions, in the absence of a copper catalyst. To confirm the progress of chemical reactions under biological conditions, research on reaction monitoring at low concentrations is essential. This promising strategy is gaining acceptance for applications in fields such as drug development and nanoscience. We investigated the optimum Ir catalyst and magnetic field for achieving maximum proton hyperpolarization transfer in triazole derivatives. These reactions were analyzed using signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) to overcome the limitations of low sensitivity in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, when monitoring copper-free click reactions in real time. Finally, a more versatile copper-catalyzed click reaction was monitored in real time, using a 60 MHz benchtop NMR system, in order to analyze the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Sein Min
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Juhee Baek
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Jean Chung
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military
Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
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9
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Saul P, Schröder L, Schmidt AB, Hövener JB. Nanomaterials for hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023:e1879. [PMID: 36781151 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials play an important role in the development and application of hyperpolarized materials for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this context they can not only act as hyperpolarized materials which are directly imaged but also play a role as carriers for hyperpolarized gases and catalysts for para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) to generate hyperpolarized substrates for metabolic imaging. Those three application possibilities are discussed, focusing on carbon-based materials for the directly imaged particles. An overview over recent developments in all three fields is given, including the early developments in each field as well as important steps towards applications in MRI, such as making the initially developed methods more biocompatible and first imaging experiments with spatial resolution in either phantoms or in vivo studies. Focusing on the important features nanomaterials need to display to be applicable in the MRI context, a wide range of different approaches to that extent is covered, giving the reader a general idea of different possibilities as well as recent developments in those different fields of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Saul
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Division of Translational Molecular Imaging, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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10
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Alam MS, Li X, Brittin DO, Islam S, Deria P, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM. Anomalously Large Antiphase Signals from Hyperpolarized Orthohydrogen Using a MOF-Based SABRE Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213581. [PMID: 36526582 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized orthohydrogen (o-H2 ) is a frequent product of parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization approaches like signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), where the hyperpolarized o-H2 signal is usually absorptive. We describe a novel manifestation of this effect wherein large antiphase o-H2 signals are observed, with 1 H enhancements up to ≈500-fold (effective polarization PH ≈1.6 %). This anomalous effect is attained only when using an intact heterogeneous catalyst constructed using a metal-organic framework (MOF) and is qualitatively independent of substrate nature. This seemingly paradoxical observation is analogous to the "partial negative line" (PNL) effect recently explained in the context of Parahydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) by Ivanov and co-workers. The two-spin order of the o-H2 resonance is manifested by a two-fold higher Rabi frequency, and the lifetime of the antiphase HP o-H2 resonance is extended by several-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahabuddin Alam
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1245 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL-62901, USA
| | - Xinlin Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1245 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL-62901, USA
| | - Drew O Brittin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1245 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL-62901, USA
| | - Saiful Islam
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1245 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL-62901, USA
| | - Pravas Deria
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1245 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL-62901, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Integrative Biosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1245 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL-62901, USA.,Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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11
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Adelabu I, Chowdhury MRH, Nantogma S, Oladun C, Ahmed F, Stilgenbauer L, Sadagurski M, Theis T, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Efficient SABRE-SHEATH Hyperpolarization of Potent Branched-Chain-Amino-Acid Metabolic Probe [1- 13C]ketoisocaproate. Metabolites 2023; 13:200. [PMID: 36837820 PMCID: PMC9963635 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient 13C hyperpolarization of ketoisocaproate is demonstrated in natural isotopic abundance and [1-13C]enriched forms via SABRE-SHEATH (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei). Parahydrogen, as the source of nuclear spin order, and ketoisocaproate undergo simultaneous chemical exchange with an Ir-IMes-based hexacoordinate complex in CD3OD. SABRE-SHEATH enables spontaneous polarization transfer from parahydrogen-derived hydrides to the 13C nucleus of transiently bound ketoisocaproate. 13C polarization values of up to 18% are achieved at the 1-13C site in 1 min in the liquid state at 30 mM substrate concentration. The efficient polarization build-up becomes possible due to favorable relaxation dynamics. Specifically, the exponential build-up time constant (14.3 ± 0.6 s) is substantially lower than the corresponding polarization decay time constant (22.8 ± 1.2 s) at the optimum polarization transfer field (0.4 microtesla) and temperature (10 °C). The experiments with natural abundance ketoisocaproate revealed polarization level on the 13C-2 site of less than 1%-i.e., one order of magnitude lower than that of the 1-13C site-which is only partially due to more-efficient relaxation dynamics in sub-microtesla fields. We rationalize the overall much lower 13C-2 polarization efficiency in part by less favorable catalyst-binding dynamics of the C-2 site. Pilot SABRE experiments at pH 4.0 (acidified sample) versus pH 6.1 (unaltered sodium [1-13C]ketoisocaproate) reveal substantial modulation of SABRE-SHEATH processes by pH, warranting future systematic pH titration studies of ketoisocaproate, as well as other structurally similar ketocarboxylate motifs including pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate, with the overarching goal of maximizing 13C polarization levels in these potent molecular probes. Finally, we also report on the pilot post-mortem use of HP [1-13C]ketoisocaproate in a euthanized mouse, demonstrating that SABRE-hyperpolarized 13C contrast agents hold promise for future metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Md Raduanul H. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Clementinah Oladun
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Lukas Stilgenbauer
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Joint UNC-CH & NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Eills J, Budker D, Cavagnero S, Chekmenev EY, Elliott SJ, Jannin S, Lesage A, Matysik J, Meersmann T, Prisner T, Reimer JA, Yang H, Koptyug IV. Spin Hyperpolarization in Modern Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1417-1551. [PMID: 36701528 PMCID: PMC9951229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance techniques are successfully utilized in a broad range of scientific disciplines and in various practical applications, with medical magnetic resonance imaging being the most widely known example. Currently, both fundamental and applied magnetic resonance are enjoying a major boost owing to the rapidly developing field of spin hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization techniques are able to enhance signal intensities in magnetic resonance by several orders of magnitude, and thus to largely overcome its major disadvantage of relatively low sensitivity. This provides new impetus for existing applications of magnetic resonance and opens the gates to exciting new possibilities. In this review, we provide a unified picture of the many methods and techniques that fall under the umbrella term "hyperpolarization" but are currently seldom perceived as integral parts of the same field. Specifically, before delving into the individual techniques, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying principles of spin hyperpolarization. We attempt to uncover and classify the origins of hyperpolarization, to establish its sources and the specific mechanisms that enable the flow of polarization from a source to the target spins. We then give a more detailed analysis of individual hyperpolarization techniques: the mechanisms by which they work, fundamental and technical requirements, characteristic applications, unresolved issues, and possible future directions. We are seeing a continuous growth of activity in the field of spin hyperpolarization, and we expect the field to flourish as new and improved hyperpolarization techniques are implemented. Some key areas for development are in prolonging polarization lifetimes, making hyperpolarization techniques more generally applicable to chemical/biological systems, reducing the technical and equipment requirements, and creating more efficient excitation and detection schemes. We hope this review will facilitate the sharing of knowledge between subfields within the broad topic of hyperpolarization, to help overcome existing challenges in magnetic resonance and enable novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, 08028Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128Mainz, Germany,Helmholtz-Institut,
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128Mainz, Germany,Department
of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute
(KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States,Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College
London, LondonW12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir
Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University Park, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Prisner
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic
Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, , 60438Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hanming Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia,
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13
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Adelabu I, Ettedgui J, Joshi SM, Nantogma S, Chowdhury MRH, McBride S, Theis T, Sabbasani VR, Chandrasekhar M, Sail D, Yamamoto K, Swenson RE, Krishna MC, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Rapid 13C Hyperpolarization of the TCA Cycle Intermediate α-Ketoglutarate via SABRE-SHEATH. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13422-13431. [PMID: 36136056 PMCID: PMC9907724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
α-Ketoglutarate is a key biomolecule involved in a number of metabolic pathways─most notably the TCA cycle. Abnormal α-ketoglutarate metabolism has also been linked with cancer. Here, isotopic labeling was employed to synthesize [1-13C,5-12C,D4]α-ketoglutarate with the future goal of utilizing its [1-13C]-hyperpolarized state for real-time metabolic imaging of α-ketoglutarate analytes and its downstream metabolites in vivo. The signal amplification by reversible exchange in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH) hyperpolarization technique was used to create 9.7% [1-13C] polarization in 1 minute in this isotopologue. The efficient 13C hyperpolarization, which utilizes parahydrogen as the source of nuclear spin order, is also supported by favorable relaxation dynamics at 0.4 μT field (the optimal polarization transfer field): the exponential 13C polarization buildup constant Tb is 11.0 ± 0.4 s whereas the 13C polarization decay constant T1 is 18.5 ± 0.7 s. An even higher 13C polarization value of 17.3% was achieved using natural-abundance α-ketoglutarate disodium salt, with overall similar relaxation dynamics at 0.4 μT field, indicating that substrate deuteration leads only to a slight increase (∼1.2-fold) in the relaxation rates for 13C nuclei separated by three chemical bonds. Instead, the gain in polarization (natural abundance versus [1-13C]-labeled) is rationalized through the smaller heat capacity of the "spin bath" comprising available 13C spins that must be hyperpolarized by the same number of parahydrogen present in each sample, in line with previous 15N SABRE-SHEATH studies. Remarkably, the C-2 carbon was not hyperpolarized in both α-ketoglutarate isotopologues studied; this observation is in sharp contrast with previously reported SABRE-SHEATH pyruvate studies, indicating that the catalyst-binding dynamics of C-2 in α-ketoglutarate differ from that in pyruvate. We also demonstrate that 13C spectroscopic characterization of α-ketoglutarate and pyruvate analytes can be performed at natural 13C abundance with an estimated detection limit of 80 micromolar concentration × *%P13C. All in all, the fundamental studies reported here enable a wide range of research communities with a new hyperpolarized contrast agent potentially useful for metabolic imaging of brain function, cancer, and other metabolically challenging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jessica Ettedgui
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Sameer M. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Md Raduanul H. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Stephen McBride
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, United States
| | - Venkata R. Sabbasani
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Mushti Chandrasekhar
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Deepak Sail
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 9800 Medical Center Drive, Building B, Room #2034, Bethesda, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 31 Center Drive Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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14
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Rapid SABRE Catalyst Scavenging Using Functionalized Silicas. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020332. [PMID: 35056646 PMCID: PMC8778821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years the NMR hyperpolarisation method signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) has been applied to multiple substrates of potential interest for in vivo investigation. Unfortunately, SABRE commonly requires an iridium-containing catalyst that is unsuitable for biomedical applications. This report utilizes inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to investigate the potential use of metal scavengers to remove the iridium catalytic species from the solution. The most sensitive iridium emission line at 224.268 nm was used in the analysis. We report the effects of varying functionality, chain length, and scavenger support identity on iridium scavenging efficiency. The impact of varying the quantity of scavenger utilized is reported for the three scavengers with the highest iridium removed from initial investigations: 3-aminopropyl (S1), 3-(imidazole-1-yl)propyl (S4), and 2-(2-pyridyl) (S5) functionalized silica gels. Exposure of an activated SABRE sample (1.6 mg mL-1 of iridium catalyst) to 10 mg of the most promising scavenger (S5) resulted in <1 ppm of iridium being detectable by ICP-OES after 2 min of exposure. We propose that combining the approach described herein with other recently reported approaches, such as catalyst separated-SABRE (CASH-SABRE), would enable the rapid preparation of a biocompatible SABRE hyperpolarized bolus.
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15
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Jeong HJ, Min S, Kim S, Namgoong SK, Jeong K. Hyperpolarization study on remdesivir with its biological reaction monitoring via signal amplification by reversible exchange. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4377-4381. [PMID: 35425403 PMCID: PMC8981083 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00062h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our experiments indicate hyperpolarized proton signals in the entire structure of remdesivir are obtained due to a long-distance polarization transfer by para-hydrogen. SABRE-based biological real-time reaction monitoring, by using a protein enzyme under mild conditions is carried out. It represents the first successful para-hydrogen based hyperpolarization application in biological reaction monitoring. Hyperpolarized proton signals in the entire structure of remdesivir are obtained due to a long-distance polarization transfer by para-hydrogen. Biological real-time reaction monitoring, by using a protein enzyme under mild conditions is carried out.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Jeong
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
| | - Sein Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Sarah Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Sung Keon Namgoong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, South Korea
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16
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Pokochueva EV, Burueva DB, Salnikov OG, Koptyug IV. Heterogeneous Catalysis and Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1421-1440. [PMID: 33969590 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parahydrogen-induced polarization with heterogeneous catalysts (HET-PHIP) has been a subject of extensive research in the last decade since its first observation in 2007. While NMR signal enhancements obtained with such catalysts are currently below those achieved with transition metal complexes in homogeneous hydrogenations in solution, this relatively new field demonstrates major prospects for a broad range of advanced fundamental and practical applications, from providing catalyst-free hyperpolarized fluids for biomedical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to exploring mechanisms of industrially important heterogeneous catalytic processes. This review covers the evolution of the heterogeneous catalysts used for PHIP observation, from metal complexes immobilized on solid supports to bulk metals and single-atom catalysts and discusses the general visions for maximizing the obtained NMR signal enhancements using HET-PHIP. Various practical applications of HET-PHIP, both for catalytic studies and for potential production of hyperpolarized contrast agents for MRI, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Pokochueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dudari B Burueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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17
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Kondo Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Sando S. Entwicklung molekularer Sonden für die hyperpolarisierte NMR‐Bildgebung im biologischen Bereich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage Chiba-city 263-8555 Japan
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage Chiba-city 263-8555 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Department of Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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18
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Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Koptyug IV. Bridging the Gap: From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous Parahydrogen-induced Hyperpolarization and Beyond. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:710-715. [PMID: 33825286 PMCID: PMC8357055 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Demonstration of parahydrogen-induced polarization effects in hydrogenations catalyzed by heterogeneous catalysts instead of metal complexes in a homogeneous solution has opened an entirely new dimension for parahydrogen-based research, demonstrating its applicability not only for the production of catalyst-free hyperpolarized liquids and gases and long-lived non-equilibrium spin states for potential biomedical applications, but also for addressing challenges of modern fundamental and industrial catalysis including advanced mechanistic studies of catalytic reactions and operando NMR and MRI of reactors. This essay summarizes the progress achieved in this field by highlighting the research contributed to it by our colleague and friend Kirill V. Kovtunov whose scientific career ended unexpectedly and tragically at the age of 37. His role in this research was certainly crucial, further enhanced by a vast network of his contacts and collaborations at the national and international level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy prospect, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Southern Illinois University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Materials Technology Center, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev pr., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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19
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Kondo Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Sando S. Design of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Molecular Probes for Hyperpolarized Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14779-14799. [PMID: 32372551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear hyperpolarization has emerged as a method to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy. By application of this powerful tool, small molecules with stable isotopes have been used for highly sensitive biomedical molecular imaging. The recent development of molecular probes for hyperpolarized in vivo analysis has demonstrated the ability of this technique to provide unique metabolic and physiological information. This review presents a brief introduction of hyperpolarization technology, approaches to the rational design of molecular probes for hyperpolarized analysis, and examples of molecules that have met with success in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan.,National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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20
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Knecht S, Barskiy DA, Buntkowsky G, Ivanov KL. Theoretical description of hyperpolarization formation in the SABRE-relay method. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:164106. [PMID: 33138423 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SABRE (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange) has become a widely used method for hyper-polarizing nuclear spins, thereby enhancing their Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals by orders of magnitude. In SABRE experiments, the non-equilibrium spin order is transferred from parahydrogen to a substrate in a transient organometallic complex. The applicability of SABRE is expanded by the methodology of SABRE-relay in which polarization can be relayed to a second substrate either by direct chemical exchange of hyperpolarized nuclei or by polarization transfer between two substrates in a second organometallic complex. To understand the mechanism of the polarization transfer and study the transfer efficiency, we propose a theoretical approach to SABRE-relay, which can treat both spin dynamics and chemical kinetics as well as the interplay between them. The approach is based on a set of equations for the spin density matrices of the spin systems involved (i.e., SABRE substrates and complexes), which can be solved numerically. Using this method, we perform a detailed study of polarization formation and analyze in detail the dependence of the attainable polarization level on various chemical kinetic and spin dynamic parameters. We foresee the applications of the present approach for optimizing SABRE-relay experiments with the ultimate goal of achieving maximal NMR signal enhancements for substrates of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Knecht
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Danila A Barskiy
- University of California at Berkeley, College of Chemistry and QB3, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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21
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Emwas AH, Szczepski K, Poulson BG, Chandra K, McKay RT, Dhahri M, Alahmari F, Jaremko L, Lachowicz JI, Jaremko M. NMR as a "Gold Standard" Method in Drug Design and Discovery. Molecules 2020; 25:E4597. [PMID: 33050240 PMCID: PMC7594251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying disease models at the molecular level is vital for drug development in order to improve treatment and prevent a wide range of human pathologies. Microbial infections are still a major challenge because pathogens rapidly and continually evolve developing drug resistance. Cancer cells also change genetically, and current therapeutic techniques may be (or may become) ineffective in many cases. The pathology of many neurological diseases remains an enigma, and the exact etiology and underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Viral infections spread and develop much more quickly than does the corresponding research needed to prevent and combat these infections; the present and most relevant outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, which originated in Wuhan, China, illustrates the critical and immediate need to improve drug design and development techniques. Modern day drug discovery is a time-consuming, expensive process. Each new drug takes in excess of 10 years to develop and costs on average more than a billion US dollars. This demonstrates the need of a complete redesign or novel strategies. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has played a critical role in drug discovery ever since its introduction several decades ago. In just three decades, NMR has become a "gold standard" platform technology in medical and pharmacology studies. In this review, we present the major applications of NMR spectroscopy in medical drug discovery and development. The basic concepts, theories, and applications of the most commonly used NMR techniques are presented. We also summarize the advantages and limitations of the primary NMR methods in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kacper Szczepski
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Benjamin Gabriel Poulson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Kousik Chandra
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Ryan T. McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada;
| | - Manel Dhahri
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatimah Alahmari
- Nanomedicine Department, Institute for Research and Medical, Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
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22
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Colell JFP, Logan AWJ, Zhou Z, Lindale JR, Laasner R, Shchepin RV, Chekmenev EY, Blum V, Warren WS, Malcolmson SJ, Theis T. Rational ligand choice extends the SABRE substrate scope. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9336-9339. [PMID: 32671356 PMCID: PMC7443256 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01330g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on chelating ligands for Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) catalysts that permit hyperpolarisation on otherwise sterically hindered substrates. We demonstrate 1H enhancements of ∼100-fold over 8.5 T thermal for 2-substituted pyridines, and smaller, yet significant enhancements for provitamin B6 and caffeine. We also show 15N-enhancements of ∼1000-fold and 19F-enhancements of 30-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Raul Laasner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Physics, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | | | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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23
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Berthault P, Boutin C, Martineau-Corcos C, Carret G. Use of dissolved hyperpolarized species in NMR: Practical considerations. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 118-119:74-90. [PMID: 32883450 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization techniques that can transiently boost nuclear spin polarization are generally carried out at low temperature - as in the case of dynamic nuclear polarization - or at high temperature in the gaseous state - as in the case of optically pumped noble gases. This review aims at describing the various issues and challenges that have been encountered during dissolution of hyperpolarized species, and solutions to these problems that have been or are currently proposed in the literature. During the transport of molecules from the polarizer to the NMR detection region, and when the hyperpolarized species or a precursor of hyperpolarization (e.g. parahydrogen) is introduced into the solution of interest, several obstacles need to be overcome to keep a high level of final magnetization. The choice of the magnetic field, the design of the dissolution setup, and ways to isolate hyperpolarized compounds from relaxation agents will be presented. Due to the non-equilibrium character of the hyperpolarization, new NMR pulse sequences that perform better than the classical ones will be described. Finally, three applications in the field of biology will be briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Berthault
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Céline Boutin
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Charlotte Martineau-Corcos
- ILV, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Carret
- Cortecnet, 15 rue des tilleuls, 78960 Voisins-le-Bretonneux, France
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24
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Hassan MM, Olaoye OO. Recent Advances in Chemical Biology Using Benzophenones and Diazirines as Radical Precursors. Molecules 2020; 25:E2285. [PMID: 32414020 PMCID: PMC7288102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of light-activated chemical probes to study biological interactions was first discovered in the 1960s, and has since found many applications in studying diseases and gaining deeper insight into various cellular mechanisms involving protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid, protein-ligand (drug, probe), and protein-co-factor interactions, among others. This technique, often referred to as photoaffinity labelling, uses radical precursors that react almost instantaneously to yield spatial and temporal information about the nature of the interaction and the interacting partner(s). This review focuses on the recent advances in chemical biology in the use of benzophenones and diazirines, two of the most commonly known light-activatable radical precursors, with a focus on the last three years, and is intended to provide a solid understanding of their chemical and biological principles and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Murtaza Hassan
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Olasunkanmi O. Olaoye
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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25
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Hadjiali S, Bergmann M, Kiryutin A, Knecht S, Sauer G, Plaumann M, Limbach HH, Plenio H, Buntkowsky G. The application of novel Ir-NHC polarization transfer complexes by SABRE. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244201. [PMID: 31893872 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the hyperpolarization method Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) has developed into a powerful technique to enhance Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals of organic substrates in solution (mostly via binding to the nitrogen lone pair of N-heterocyclic compounds) by several orders of magnitude. In order to establish the application and development of SABRE as a hyperpolarization method for medical imaging, the separation of the Ir-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (Ir-NHC) complex, which facilitates the hyperpolarization of the substrates in solution, is indispensable. Here, we report for the first time the use of novel Ir-NHC complexes with a polymer unit substitution in the backbone of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHC) for SABRE hyperpolarization, which permits the removal of the complexes from solution after the hyperpolarization of a target substrate has been generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hadjiali
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Marvin Bergmann
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Alexey Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya 3A, Novosibirsk and Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Stephan Knecht
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Grit Sauer
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Limbach
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
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26
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Robertson TBR, Antonides LH, Gilbert N, Benjamin SL, Langley SK, Munro LJ, Sutcliffe OB, Mewis RE. Hyperpolarization of Pyridyl Fentalogues by Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE). ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1375-1382. [PMID: 31844604 PMCID: PMC6892445 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fentanyl, also known as 'jackpot', is a synthetic opiate that is 50-100 times more potent than morphine. Clandestine laboratories produce analogues of fentanyl, known as fentalogues to circumvent legislation regarding its production. Three pyridyl fentalogues were synthesized and then hyperpolarized by signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) to appraise the forensic potential of the technique. A maximum enhancement of -168-fold at 1.4 T was recorded for the ortho pyridyl 1H nuclei. Studies of the activation parameters for the three fentalogues revealed that the ratio of ligand loss trans to hydride and hydride loss in the complex [Ir(IMes)(L)3(H)2]+ (IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidene) ranged from 0.52 to 1.83. The fentalogue possessing the ratio closest to unity produced the largest enhancement subsequent to performing SABRE at earth's magnetic field. It was possible to hyperpolarize a pyridyl fentalogue selectively from a matrix that consisted largely of heroin (97 : 3 heroin:fentalogue) to validate the use of SABRE as a forensic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. R. Robertson
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
| | - Lysbeth H. Antonides
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic ScienceUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 5EHUK
| | - Nicolas Gilbert
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE)Manchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.ManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Sophie L. Benjamin
- School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG11 8NSUK
| | - Stuart K. Langley
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
| | - Lindsey J. Munro
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
| | - Oliver B. Sutcliffe
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange (MANDRAKE)Manchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.ManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Ryan E. Mewis
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan University John Dalton Building, Chester St.Manchester, M1 5GDUK
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27
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Buckenmaier K, Scheffler K, Plaumann M, Fehling P, Bernarding J, Rudolph M, Back C, Koelle D, Kleiner R, Hövener J, Pravdivtsev AN. Multiple Quantum Coherences Hyperpolarized at Ultra-Low Fields. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2823-2829. [PMID: 31536665 PMCID: PMC6900040 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of hyperpolarization technologies enabled several yet exotic NMR applications at low and ultra-low fields (ULF), where without hyperpolarization even the detection of a signal from analytes is a challenge. Herein, we present a method for the simultaneous excitation and observation of homo- and heteronuclear multiple quantum coherences (from zero up to the third-order), which give an additional degree of freedom for ULF NMR experiments, where the chemical shift variation is negligible. The approach is based on heteronuclear correlated spectroscopy (COSY); its combination with a phase-cycling scheme allows the selective observation of multiple quantum coherences of different orders. The nonequilibrium spin state and multiple spin orders are generated by signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) and detected at ULF with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based NMR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsMax-Planck-Ring 1172076TübingenGermany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsMax-Planck-Ring 1172076TübingenGermany
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic ResonanceUniversity of TübingenHoppe-Seyler-Str. 372076TübingenGermany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University Building 02Leipziger Str. 4439120MagdeburgGermany
| | - Paul Fehling
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsMax-Planck-Ring 1172076TübingenGermany
| | - Johannes Bernarding
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University Building 02Leipziger Str. 4439120MagdeburgGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance CenterMax Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsMax-Planck-Ring 1172076TübingenGermany
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISAUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1472076TübingenGermany
| | - Christoph Back
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISAUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1472076TübingenGermany
| | - Dieter Koelle
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISAUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1472076TübingenGermany
| | - Reinhold Kleiner
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISAUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1472076TübingenGermany
| | - Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424114KielGermany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center KielKiel UniversityAm Botanischen Garten 1424114KielGermany
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28
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Chukanov NV, Kidd BM, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Shchepin RV, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV. A versatile synthetic route to the preparation of 15 N heterocycles. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:892-902. [PMID: 30537260 PMCID: PMC6559877 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A robust medium-scale (approximately 3 g) synthetic method for 15 N labeling of pyridine (15 N-Py) is reported based on the Zincke reaction. 15 N enrichment in excess of 81% was achieved with approximately 33% yield. 15 N-Py serves as a standard substrate in a wide range of studies employing a hyperpolarization technique for efficient polarization transfer from parahydrogen to heteronuclei; this technique, called SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange), employs a simultaneous chemical exchange of parahydrogen and a to-be-hyperpolarized substrate (e.g., pyridine) on metal centers. In studies aimed at the development of hyperpolarized contrast agents for in vivo molecular imaging, pyridine is often employed either as a model substrate (for hyperpolarization technique development, quality assurance, and phantom imaging studies) or as a co-substrate to facilitate more efficient hyperpolarization of a wide range of emerging contrast agents (e.g., nicotinamide). Here, the produced 15 N-Py was used for the feasibility study of spontaneous 15 N hyperpolarization at high magnetic (HF) fields (7 T and 9.4 T) of an NMR spectrometer and an MRI scanner. SABRE hyperpolarization enabled acquisition of 2D MRI imaging of catalyst-bound 15 N-pyridine with 75 × 75 mm2 field of view (FOV), 32 × 32 matrix size, demonstrating the feasibility of 15 N HF-SABRE molecular imaging with 2.4 × 2.4 mm2 spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Bryce M. Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Larisa M. Kovtunova
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Ibio, Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI 48083, USA
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
- Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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29
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Skovpin IV, Svyatova A, Chukanov N, Chekmenev EY, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV. 15 N Hyperpolarization of Dalfampridine at Natural Abundance for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Chemistry 2019; 25:12694-12697. [PMID: 31338889 PMCID: PMC6790219 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is a promising method for NMR signal enhancement and production of hyperpolarized molecules. As nuclear spin relaxation times of heteronuclei are usually much longer than those of protons, SABRE-based hyperpolarization of heteronuclei in molecules is highly important in the context of biomedical applications. In this work, we demonstrate that the SLIC-SABRE technique can be successfully used to hyperpolarize 15 N nuclei in dalfampridine. The high polarization level of ca. 8 % achieved in this work made it possible to acquire 15 N MR images at natural abundance of the 15 N nuclei for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Skovpin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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30
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Štěpánek P, Kantola AM. Low-Concentration Measurements of Nuclear Spin-Induced Optical Rotation Using SABRE Hyperpolarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5458-5462. [PMID: 31454246 PMCID: PMC7076727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spin-induced optical rotation (NSOR) is a promising phenomenon for molecular structure elucidation due to its sensitivity to electronic structure near atomic nuclei. It is the only experimentally verified nuclear magneto-optic effect (NMOE), so far observed usually in neat liquids or in concentrated binary mixtures, with the proportion of the minor component at least 10%. We report a method to extend the lower-concentration range of NSOR measurements by 2 orders of magnitude by employing continuous-flow SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange) hyperpolarization. This approach significantly increases the sensitivity of NSOR and enables its detection in dilute samples, as demonstrated with measurements of NSOR of 90 mmol/L solutions of pyridine and pyrazine. The results are compared with first-principles calculations, and good agreement is found. The possibility to measure low-concentration solutions significantly extends the pool of samples available for further studies of NMOEs.
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31
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Shchepin RV, Birchall JR, Chukanov NV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Theis T, Warren WS, Gelovani JG, Goodson BM, Shokouhi S, Rosen MS, Yen YF, Pham W, Chekmenev EY. Hyperpolarizing Concentrated Metronidazole 15 NO 2 Group over Six Chemical Bonds with More than 15 % Polarization and a 20 Minute Lifetime. Chemistry 2019; 25:8829-8836. [PMID: 30964568 PMCID: PMC6658333 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The NMR hyperpolarization of uniformly 15 N-labeled [15 N3 ]metronidazole is demonstrated by using SABRE-SHEATH. In this antibiotic, the 15 NO2 group is hyperpolarized through spin relays created by 15 N spins in [15 N3 ]metronidazole, and the polarization is transferred from parahydrogen-derived hydrides over six chemical bonds. In less than a minute of parahydrogen bubbling at approximately 0.4 μT, a high level of nuclear spin polarization (P15N ) of around 16 % is achieved on all three 15 N sites. This product of 15 N polarization and concentration of 15 N spins is around six-fold better than any previous value determined for 15 N SABRE-derived hyperpolarization. At 1.4 T, the hyperpolarized state persists for tens of minutes (relaxation time, T1 ≈10 min). A novel synthesis of uniformly 15 N-enriched metronidazole is reported with a yield of 15 %. This approach can potentially be used for synthesis of a wide variety of in vivo metabolic probes with potential uses ranging from hypoxia sensing to theranostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Shchepin
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA
| | - Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, 62901, USA
| | - Sepideh Shokouhi
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Yi-Fen Yen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Wellington Pham
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Svyatova A, Skovpin IV, Chukanov NV, Kovtunov KV, Chekmenev EY, Pravdivtsev AN, Hövener JB, Koptyug IV. 15 N MRI of SLIC-SABRE Hyperpolarized 15 N-Labelled Pyridine and Nicotinamide. Chemistry 2019; 25:8465-8470. [PMID: 30950529 PMCID: PMC6679352 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful non-invasive diagnostic method extensively used in biomedical studies. A significant limitation of MRI is its relatively low signal-to-noise ratio, which can be increased by hyperpolarizing nuclear spins. One promising method is Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), which employs parahydrogen as a source of hyperpolarization. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility to improve MRI sensitivity with this hyperpolarization technique. Hyperpolarized 15 N nuclei in biomolecules can potentially retain their spin alignment for tens of minutes, providing an extended time window for the utilization of the hyperpolarized compounds. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that radio-frequency-based SABRE hyperpolarization techniques can be used to obtain 15 N MRI of biomolecule 1-15 N-nicotinamide. Two image acquisition strategies were utilized and compared: Single Point Imaging (SPI) and Fast Low Angle SHot (FLASH). These methods demonstrated opportunities of high-field SABRE for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan V Skovpin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Štěpánek P, Sanchez-Perez C, Telkki VV, Zhivonitko VV, Kantola AM. High-throughput continuous-flow system for SABRE hyperpolarization. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 300:8-17. [PMID: 30684826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is a versatile method for hyperpolarizing small organic molecules that helps to overcome the inherent low signal-to-noise ratio of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. It offers orders of magnitude enhanced signal strength, but the obtained nuclear polarization usually rapidly relaxes, requiring a quick transport of the sample to the spectrometer. Here we report a new design of a polarizing system, which can be used to prepare a continuous flow of SABRE-hyperpolarized sample with a considerable throughput of several millilitres per second and a rapid delivery into an NMR instrument. The polarizer performance under different conditions such as flow rate of the hydrogen or liquid sample is tested by measuring a series of NMR spectra and magnetic resonance images (MRI) of hyperpolarized pyridine in methanol. Results show a capability to continuously produce sample with dramatically enhanced signal over two orders of magnitude. The constant supply of hyperpolarized sample can be exploited, e.g., in experiments requiring multiple repetitions, such as 2D- and 3D-NMR or MRI measurements, and also naturally allows measurements of flow maps, including systems with high flow rates, for which the level of achievable thermal polarization might not be usable any more. In addition, the experiments can be viably carried out in a non-deuterated solvent, due to the effective suppression of the thermal polarization by the fast sample flow. The presented system opens the possibilities for SABRE experiments requiring a long-term, stable and high level of nuclear polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Štěpánek
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland.
| | - Clara Sanchez-Perez
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Finland.
| | - Ville-Veikko Telkki
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland.
| | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland.
| | - Anu M Kantola
- NMR Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland.
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Gołowicz D, Kazimierczuk K, Urbańczyk M, Ratajczyk T. Monitoring Hydrogenation Reactions using Benchtop 2D NMR with Extraordinary Sensitivity and Spectral Resolution. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:196-200. [PMID: 30815327 PMCID: PMC6376214 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-field benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (BT-NMR) spectrometers with Halbach magnets are being increasingly used in science and industry as cost-efficient tools for the monitoring of chemical reactions, including hydrogenation. However, their use of low-field magnets limits both resolution and sensitivity. In this paper, we show that it is possible to alleviate these two problems through the combination of parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) and fast correlation spectroscopy with time-resolved non-uniform sampling (TR-NUS). PHIP can enhance NMR signals so that substrates are easily detectable on BT-NMR spectrometers. The interleaved acquisition of one- and two-dimensional spectra with TR-NUS provides unique insight into the consecutive moments of hydrogenation reactions, with a spectral resolution unachievable in a standard approach. We illustrate the potential of the technique with two examples: the hydrogenation of ethylphenyl propiolate and the hydrogenation of a mixture of two substrates - ethylphenyl propiolate and ethyl 2-butynoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Gołowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research CentreUniversity of WarsawŻwirki i Wigury 10102-089WarsawPoland
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2 C02-097WarsawPoland
| | | | - Mateusz Urbańczyk
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2 C02-097WarsawPoland
- NMR Research UnitUniversity of Oulu90014OuluFinland
| | - Tomasz Ratajczyk
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
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Manoharan A, Rayner PJ, Fekete M, Iali W, Norcott P, Hugh Perry V, Duckett SB. Catalyst-Substrate Effects on Biocompatible SABRE Hyperpolarization. Chemphyschem 2018; 20:285-294. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Manoharan
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Peter J. Rayner
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Marianna Fekete
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Wissam Iali
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Philip Norcott
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - V. Hugh Perry
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- University of York; Department of Chemistry Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
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Burueva DB, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV. Single-Site Heterogeneous Catalysts: From Synthesis to NMR Signal Enhancement. Chemistry 2018; 25:1420-1431. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dudari B. Burueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging; International Tomography Center, SB RAS; 3A Institutskaya St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 2 Pirogov St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Larisa M. Kovtunova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis; 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 2 Pirogov St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Valerii I. Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis; 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 2 Pirogov St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging; International Tomography Center, SB RAS; 3A Institutskaya St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 2 Pirogov St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging; International Tomography Center, SB RAS; 3A Institutskaya St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 2 Pirogov St. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
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37
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Pravdivtsev AN, Skovpin IV, Svyatova AI, Chukanov NV, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Chekmenev EY, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Hövener JB. Chemical Exchange Reaction Effect on Polarization Transfer Efficiency in SLIC-SABRE. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9107-9114. [PMID: 30295488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is a new and rapidly developing hyperpolarization technique. The recent discovery of Spin-Lock Induced Crossing SABRE (SLIC-SABRE) showed that high field hyperpolarization transfer techniques developed so far were optimized for singlet spin order that does not coincide with the experimentally produced spin state. Here, we investigated the SLIC-SABRE approach and the most advanced quantitative theoretical SABRE model to date. Our goal is to achieve the highest possible polarization with SLIC-SABRE at high field using the standard SABRE system, IrIMes catalyst with pyridine. We demonstrated the accuracy of the SABRE model describing the effects of various physical parameters such as the amplitude and frequency of the radio frequency field, and the effects of chemical parameters such as the exchange rate constants. By fitting the model to the experimental data, the effective life time of the SABRE complex was estimated, as well as the entropy and enthalpy of the complex-dissociation reaction. We show, for the first time, that this SLIC-SABRE model can be useful for the evaluation of the chemical exchange parameters that are very important for the production of highly polarized contrast agents via SABRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology , University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University , Am Botanischen Garten 14 , 24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Ivan V Skovpin
- International Tomography Center , Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of the Sciences , Institutskaya st. 3 A , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova st. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Alexandra I Svyatova
- International Tomography Center , Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of the Sciences , Institutskaya st. 3 A , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova st. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center , Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of the Sciences , Institutskaya st. 3 A , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova st. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Larisa M Kovtunova
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova st. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis , Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of the Sciences , 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis , Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of the Sciences , 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave. , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States.,Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninskiy Prospekt 14 , 119991 Moscow , Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center , Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of the Sciences , Institutskaya st. 3 A , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova st. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center , Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of the Sciences , Institutskaya st. 3 A , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova st. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology , University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University , Am Botanischen Garten 14 , 24118 Kiel , Germany
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38
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Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Shchepin RV, Svyatova A, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. 19F Hyperpolarization of 15N-3- 19F-Pyridine Via Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:23002-23010. [PMID: 31435456 PMCID: PMC6703844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report synthesis of 15N-3-19F-pyridine via Zincke salt formation with the overall 35% yield and 84% 15N isotopic purity. Hyperpolarization studies of Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) and SABRE in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH) were performed to investigate the mechanism of polarization transfer from parahydrogen-derived hydride protons to 19F nucleus in milli-Tesla and micro-Tesla magnetic field regimes in 15N-3-19F-pyridine and 14N-3-19F-pyridine. We found the mismatch between 15N and 19F magnetic field hyperpolarization profiles in the micro-Tesla regime indicating that the spontaneous hyperpolarization process likely happens directly from parahydrogen-derived hydride protons to 19F nucleus without spin-relaying via 15N site. In case of SABRE magnetic field regime (milli-Tesla magnetic field range), we found that magnetic field profiles for 1H and 19F hyperpolarization are very similar, and 19F polarization levels are significantly lower than 1H SABRE polarization levels and lower than 19F SABRE-SHEATH (i.e. obtained at micro-Tesla magnetic field) polarization levels. Our findings support the hypothesis that in milli-Tesla magnetic field regime, the process of 19F nuclei hyperpolarization is relayed via protons of substrate, and therefore is very inefficient. These findings are important in the context of improvement of the hyperpolarization hardware and rational design of the hyperpolarized molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Corresponding Author
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Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN, Kidd B, Bowers CR, Glöggler S, Kovtunov KV, Plaumann M, Katz-Brull R, Buckenmaier K, Jerschow A, Reineri F, Theis T, Shchepin RV, Wagner S, Bhattacharya P, Zacharias NM, Chekmenev EY. Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization for Biomedicine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11140-11162. [PMID: 29484795 PMCID: PMC6105405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) is one of the most versatile and useful physical effects used for human imaging, chemical analysis, and the elucidation of molecular structures. However, its full potential is rarely used, because only a small fraction of the nuclear spin ensemble is polarized, that is, aligned with the applied static magnetic field. Hyperpolarization methods seek other means to increase the polarization and thus the MR signal. A unique source of pure spin order is the entangled singlet spin state of dihydrogen, parahydrogen (pH2 ), which is inherently stable and long-lived. When brought into contact with another molecule, this "spin order on demand" allows the MR signal to be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. Considerable progress has been made in the past decade in the area of pH2 -based hyperpolarization techniques for biomedical applications. It is the goal of this Review to provide a selective overview of these developments, covering the areas of spin physics, catalysis, instrumentation, preparation of the contrast agents, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bryce Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - C Russell Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Von-Siebold-Strasse 3A, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Department of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- Magnetic resonance center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexej Jerschow
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Sq. East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 1161 21st Ave South, MCN AA-1105, Nashville, TN, 37027, USA
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Niki M Zacharias
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) and Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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40
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Hövener J, Pravdivtsev AN, Kidd B, Bowers CR, Glöggler S, Kovtunov KV, Plaumann M, Katz‐Brull R, Buckenmaier K, Jerschow A, Reineri F, Theis T, Shchepin RV, Wagner S, Bhattacharya P, Zacharias NM, Chekmenev EY. Parawasserstoff‐basierte Hyperpolarisierung für die Biomedizin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel Am Botanischen Garten 14 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC) Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel Am Botanischen Garten 14 24118 Kiel Deutschland
| | - Bryce Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - C. Russell Bowers
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Von-Siebold-Straße 3A 37075 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institut für Biometrie und Medizinische Informatik Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Leipziger Straße 44 39120 Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - Rachel Katz‐Brull
- Department of Radiology Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem Israel
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- Magnetresonanz-Zentrum Max Planck-Institut für biologische Kybernetik Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Alexej Jerschow
- Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Sq. East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino via Nizza 52 Torino Italien
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Physics Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS) Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences 1161 21st Ave South, MCN AA-1105 Nashville TN 37027 USA
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA 90048 USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Niki M. Zacharias
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS) Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences 1161 21st Ave South, MCN AA-1105 Nashville TN 37027 USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) Leninskiy Prospekt 14 Moscow 119991 Russland
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) and Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
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41
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Kidd BE, Gesiorski JL, Gemeinhardt ME, Shchepin RV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM. Facile Removal of Homogeneous SABRE Catalysts for Purifying Hyperpolarized Metronidazole, a Potential Hypoxia Sensor. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:16848-16852. [PMID: 30559921 PMCID: PMC6294139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b05758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple and effective method to remove IrIMes homogeneous polarization transfer catalysts from solutions where NMR Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) has been performed, while leaving intact the substrate's hyperpolarized state. Following microTesla SABRE hyperpolarization of 15N spins in metronidazole, addition of SiO2 microparticles functionalized with 3-mercaptopropyl or 2-mercaptoethyl ethyl sulfide moieties provides removal of the catalyst from solution well within the hyperpolarization decay time at 0.3 T (T 1>3 mins)-and enabling transfer to 9.4 T for detection of enhanced 15N signals in the absence of catalyst within the NMR-detection region. Successful catalyst removal from solution is supported by the inability to "re-hyperpolarize" 15N spins in subsequent attempts, as well as by 1H NMR and ICP-MS. Record-high 15N nuclear polarization of up to ~34% was achieved, corresponding to >100,000-fold enhancement at 9.4 T, and approximately 5/6th of the 15N hyperpolarization is retained after ~20-second-long purification procedure. Taken together, these results help pave the way for future studies involving in vivo molecular imaging using agents hyperpolarized via rapid and inexpensive parahydrogen-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce E. Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 United States
| | - Jonathan L. Gesiorski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 United States
| | - Max E. Gemeinhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 United States
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202 United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991, Russia
- Corresponding Authors: ,
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 United States
- Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 United States
- Corresponding Authors: ,
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42
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Kidd BE, Mashni JA, Limbach MN, Shi F, Chekmenev EY, Hou Y, Goodson BM. Toward Cleavable Metabolic/pH Sensing "Double Agents" Hyperpolarized by NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. Chemistry 2018; 24:10641-10645. [PMID: 29800491 PMCID: PMC6097920 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We show the simultaneous generation of hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled acetate and 15 N-labeled imidazole following spin-relay of hyperpolarization and hydrolysis of the acetyl moiety on 1-13 C-15 N2 -acetylimidazole. Using SABRE-SHEATH (Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei), transfer of spin order occurs from parahydrogen to acetylimidazole 15 N atoms and the acetyl 13 C site (≈263-fold enhancement), giving rise to relatively long hyperpolarization lifetimes at 0.3 T (T1 ≈52 s and ≈149 s for 13 C and 15 N, respectively). Immediately following polarization transfer, the 13 C-labeled acetyl group is hydrolytically cleaved to produce hyperpolarized 13 C-acetate/acetic acid (≈140-fold enhancement) and 15 N-imidazole (≈180-fold enhancement), the former with a 13 C T1 of ≈14 s at 0.3 T. Straightforward synthetic routes, efficient spin-relay of SABRE hyperpolarization, and facile bond cleavage open a door to the cheap and rapid generation of long-lived hyperpolarized states within a wide range of molecular targets, including biologically relevant carboxylic acid derivatives, for metabolic and pH imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce E Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Jamil A Mashni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Miranda N Limbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Fan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuqing Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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43
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McCormick J, Korchak S, Mamone S, Ertas YN, Liu Z, Verlinsky L, Wagner S, Glöggler S, Bouchard LS. More Than 12 % Polarization and 20 Minute Lifetime of 15 N in a Choline Derivative Utilizing Parahydrogen and a Rhodium Nanocatalyst in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10692-10696. [PMID: 29923285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization techniques are key to extending the capabilities of MRI for the investigation of structural, functional and metabolic processes in vivo. Recent heterogeneous catalyst development has produced high polarization in water using parahydrogen with biologically relevant contrast agents. A heterogeneous ligand-stabilized Rh catalyst is introduced that is capable of achieving 15 N polarization of 12.2±2.7 % by hydrogenation of neurine into a choline derivative. This is the highest 15 N polarization of any parahydrogen method in water to date. Notably, this was performed using a deuterated quaternary amine with an exceptionally long spin-lattice relaxation time (T1 ) of 21.0±0.4 min. These results open the door to the possibility of 15 N in vivo imaging using nontoxic similar model systems because of the biocompatibility of the production media and the stability of the heterogeneous catalyst using parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) as the hyperpolarization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey McCormick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 607 Charles E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
| | - Sergey Korchak
- Research Group for NMR Signal Enhancement, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- Research Group for NMR Signal Enhancement, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yavuz N Ertas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 607 Charles E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 607 Charles E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 607 Charles E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
| | - Luke Verlinsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 607 Charles E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building G149E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Research Group for NMR Signal Enhancement, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Louis-S Bouchard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 607 Charles E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 607 Charles E Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA.,The Molecular Biology Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, USA
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44
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McCormick J, Korchak S, Mamone S, Ertas YN, Liu Z, Verlinsky L, Wagner S, Glöggler S, Bouchard L. More Than 12 % Polarization and 20 Minute Lifetime of
15
N in a Choline Derivative Utilizing Parahydrogen and a Rhodium Nanocatalyst in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey McCormick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California at Los Angeles 607 Charles E Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Sergey Korchak
- Research Group for NMR Signal Enhancement Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- Research Group for NMR Signal Enhancement Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Yavuz N. Ertas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California at Los Angeles 607 Charles E Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of California at Los Angeles 607 Charles E Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California at Los Angeles 607 Charles E Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Luke Verlinsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California at Los Angeles 607 Charles E Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building G149E Los Angeles CA 90048 USA
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Research Group for NMR Signal Enhancement Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Louis‐S. Bouchard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California at Los Angeles 607 Charles E Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of California at Los Angeles 607 Charles E Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
- The Molecular Biology Institute Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center California NanoSystems Institute University of California at Los Angeles USA
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45
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Gjesteby L, Cong W, Yang Q, Qian C, Wang G. Simultaneous Emission-Transmission Tomography in an MRI Hardware Framework. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 2:326-336. [PMID: 29998213 PMCID: PMC6037318 DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2018.2835312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Multi-modality imaging is essential for diagnosis and therapy in challenging cases. A Holy Grail of medical imaging is a hybrid imaging system combining computed tomography (CT), nuclear imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to deliver registered morphological, functional, and cellular/molecular information simultaneously and quantitatively for precision medicine. Recently, a unique imaging approach was demonstrated that combines nuclear imaging with polarized radiotracers and MRI-based spatial encoding. The detection scheme exploits the directional preference of γ-rays emitted from the polarized nuclei, and the result is a concentration image with resolution that can outperform standard nuclear imaging at a sensitivity significantly higher than that of MRI. However, the method does not calculate the attenuation image. Here we propose to obtain MRI-modulated γ-ray data for simultaneous image reconstruction of emission and transmission parameters, which could serve as a stepping stone toward simultaneous CT-SPECT-MRI. This method acquires synchronized datasets to provide insight into morphological features and molecular activities with accurate spatiotemporal registration. We present a complete overview of the system design and the formulation for tomographic reconstruction when the distribution of polarized radiotracers is either global or limited to a region of interest (ROI). Numerical results support the feasibility of our approach and suggest further research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Gjesteby
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Wenxiang Cong
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Qingsong Yang
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology at Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ge Wang
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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46
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Kovtunov KV, Pokochueva EV, Salnikov OG, Cousin S, Kurzbach D, Vuichoud B, Jannin S, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM, Barskiy DA, Koptyug IV. Hyperpolarized NMR Spectroscopy: d-DNP, PHIP, and SABRE Techniques. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:10.1002/asia.201800551. [PMID: 29790649 PMCID: PMC6251772 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The intensity of NMR signals can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude by using various techniques for the hyperpolarization of different molecules. Such approaches can overcome the main sensitivity challenges facing modern NMR/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, whilst hyperpolarized fluids can also be used in a variety of applications in material science and biomedicine. This Focus Review considers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized liquids and gases by using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP) and parahydrogen-based techniques, such as signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) and parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP), in both heterogeneous and homogeneous processes. The various new aspects in the formation and utilization of hyperpolarized fluids, along with the possibility of observing NMR signal enhancement, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Kovtunov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
| | - Ekaterina V. Pokochueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
| | - Samuel Cousin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Basile Vuichoud
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sami Jannin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry & Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48202, MI, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Danila A. Barskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3220, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
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47
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Rayner PJ, Duckett SB. Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE): From Discovery to Diagnosis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6742-6753. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Rayner
- Centre of Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington YO10 5DD UK
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre of Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington YO10 5DD UK
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48
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Rayner PJ, Duckett SB. Signalverstärkung durch reversiblen Austausch (SABRE): von der Entdeckung zur diagnostischen Anwendung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Rayner
- Centre of Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington YO10 5DD Großbritannien
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre of Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington YO10 5DD Großbritannien
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49
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Iglesias M, Oro LA. A leap forward in iridium-NHC catalysis: new horizons and mechanistic insights. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2772-2808. [PMID: 29557434 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00743d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises the most recent advances in Ir-NHC catalysis while revisiting all the classical reactions in which this type of catalyst has proved to be active. The influence of the ligand system and, in particular, the impact of the NHC ligand on the activity and selectivity of the reaction have been analysed, accompanied by an examination of the great variety of catalytic cycles hitherto reported. The reaction mechanisms so far proposed are described and commented on for each individual process. Moreover, some general considerations that attempt to explain the influence of the NHC from a mechanistic viewpoint are presented at the end of the review. The first sections are dedicated to the most widely explored reactions that use Ir-NHCs, i.e., hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation, for which a general overview that tries to compile all the Ir-NHC catalysts hitherto reported for these processes is provided. The next sections deal with hydrogen borrowing, hydrosilylation, water splitting, dehydrogenation (of alcohols, alkanes, aminoboranes and formic acid), hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE), signal amplification by reversible exchange and C-H bond functionalisation (silylation and borylation). The last section compiles a series of reactions somewhat less explored for Ir-NHC catalysts that include the hydroalkynylation of imines, hydroamination, diboration of olefins, hydrolysis and methanolysis of silanes, arylation of aldehydes with boronic acids, addition of aroyl chlorides to alkynes, visible light driven reactions, isomerisation of alkenes, asymmetric intramolecular allylic amination and reactions that employ heterometallic catalysts containing at least one Ir-NHC unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Iglesias
- Departamento Química Inorgánica - ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Luis A Oro
- Departamento Química Inorgánica - ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. and King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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50
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Shchepin RV, Jaigirdar L, Chekmenev EY. Spin-Lattice Relaxation of Hyperpolarized Metronidazole in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in Micro-Tesla Fields. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:4984-4996. [PMID: 29955244 PMCID: PMC6017983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous reversible chemical exchange of parahydrogen and to-be-hyperpolarized substrate on metal centers enables spontaneous transfer of spin order from parahydrogen singlet to nuclear spins of the substrate. When performed at sub-micro-Tesla magnetic field, this technique of NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH). SABRE-SHEATH has been shown to hyperpolarize nitrogen-15 sites of a wide range of biologically interesting molecules to a high polarization level (P > 20%) in one minute. Here, we report on a systematic study of 1H, 13C and 15N spin-lattice relaxation (T1) of metronidazole-13C2-15N2 in SABRE-SHEATH hyperpolarization process. In micro-Tesla range, we find that all 1H, 13C and 15N spins studied share approximately the same T1 values (ca. 4 s at the conditions studied) due to mixing of their Zeeman levels, which is consistent with the model of relayed SABRE-SHEATH effect. These T1 values are significantly lower than those at higher magnetic (i.e. the Earth's magnetic field and above), which exceed 3 minutes in some cases. Moreover, these relatively short T1 values observed below 1 micro-Tesla limit the polarization build-up process of SABRE-SHEATH- thereby, limiting maximum attainable 15N polarization. The relatively short nature of T1 values observed below 1 micro-Tesla is primarily caused by intermolecular interactions with quadrupolar iridium centers or dihydride protons of the employed polarization transfer catalyst, whereas intramolecular spin-spin interactions with 14N quadrupolar centers have significantly smaller contribution. The presented experimental results and their analysis will be beneficial for more rational design of SABRE-SHEATH (i) polarization transfer catalyst, and (ii) hyperpolarized molecular probes in the context of biomedical imaging and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
| | - Lamya Jaigirdar
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
- Vanderbilt University, School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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