1
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Ma Q, Qiao GG, An Z. Visible Light Photoiniferter Polymerization for Dispersity Control in High Molecular Weight Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314729. [PMID: 37814139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of polymers with high molecular weights, controlled sequence, and tunable dispersities remains a challenge. A simple and effective visible-light controlled photoiniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is reported here to realize this goal. Key to this strategy is the use of switchable RAFT agents (SRAs) to tune polymerization activities coupled with the inherent highly living nature of photoiniferter RAFT polymerization. The polymerization activities of SRAs were in situ adjusted by the addition of acid. In addition to a switchable chain-transfer coefficient, photolysis and polymerization kinetic studies revealed that neutral and protonated SRAs showed different photolysis and polymerization rates, which is unique to photoiniferter RAFT polymerization in terms of dispersity control. This strategy features no catalyst, no exogenous radical source, temporal regulation by visible light, and tunable dispersities in the unprecedented high molecular weight regime (up to 500 kg mol-1 ). Pentablock copolymers with three different dispersity combinations were also synthesized, highlighting that the highly living nature was maintained even for blocks with large dispersities. Tg was lowered for high-dispersity polymers of similar MWs due to the existence of more low-MW polymers. This strategy holds great potential for the synthesis of advanced materials with controlled molecular weight, dispersity and sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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2
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Wu Z, Boyer C. Near-Infrared Light-Induced Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: Expanding Frontiers in Photopolymerization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304942. [PMID: 37750445 PMCID: PMC10667859 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced reversible deactivation radical polymerization (photo-RDRP) or photoinduced controlled/living radical polymerization has emerged as a versatile and powerful technique for preparing functional and advanced polymer materials under mild conditions by harnessing light energy. While UV and visible light (λ = 400-700 nm) are extensively employed in photo-RDRP, the utilization of near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (λ = 700-2500 nm) beyond the visible region remains relatively unexplored. NIR light possesses unique properties, including enhanced light penetration, reduced light scattering, and low biomolecule absorption, thereby providing opportunities for applying photo-RDRP in the fields of manufacturing and medicine. This comprehensive review categorizes all known NIR light-induced RDRP (NIR-RDRP) systems into four mechanism-based types: mediation by upconversion nanoparticles, mediation by photocatalysts, photothermal conversion, and two-photon absorption. The distinct photoinitiation pathways associated with each mechanism are discussed. Furthermore, this review highlights the diverse applications of NIR-RDRP reported to date, including 3D printing, polymer brush fabrication, drug delivery, nanoparticle synthesis, and hydrogel formation. By presenting these applications, the review underscores the exceptional capabilities of NIR-RDRP and offers guidance for developing high-performance and versatile photopolymerization systems. Exploiting the unique properties of NIR light unlocks new opportunities for synthesizing functional and advanced polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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3
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Van Oosten A, Verduyckt C, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Koeckelberghs G. Influence of the dispersity and molar mass distribution of conjugated polymers on the aggregation type and subsequent chiral expression. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3794-3802. [PMID: 37191181 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the influence of the dispersity on the aggregation of conjugated polymers and their subsequent chiral expression. Dispersity has been thoroughly investigated for industrial polymerizations, but research on conjugated polymers is lacking. Nonetheless, knowledge thereof is crucial for controlling the aggregation type (type I versus type II) and its influence is therefore investigated. For that purpose, a series of polymers is synthesized via metered initiator addition, resulting in dispersities ranging from 1.18-1.56. The lower dispersity polymers yield type II aggregates and the resulting symmetrical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra while the higher dispersity polymers are predominantly type I due to the longer chains effectively acting as a seed and therefore yield asymmetrical ECD spectra. Furthermore, a monomodal and bimodal molar mass distribution of similar dispersity are compared, demonstrating that bimodal distributions show both aggregation types and therefore more disorder, leading to a decrease in chiral expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelien Van Oosten
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Cynthia Verduyckt
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) - University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) - University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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4
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Conrad JC, Robertson ML. Shaping the Structure and Response of Surface-Grafted Polymer Brushes via the Molecular Weight Distribution. JACS AU 2023; 3:333-343. [PMID: 36873679 PMCID: PMC9975839 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Breadth in the molecular weight distribution is an inherent feature of synthetic polymer systems. While in the past this was typically considered as an unavoidable consequence of polymer synthesis, multiple recent studies have shown that tailoring the molecular weight distribution can alter the properties of polymer brushes grafted to surfaces. In this Perspective, we describe recent advances in synthetic methods to control the molecular weight distribution of surface-grafted polymers and highlight studies that reveal how shaping this distribution can generate novel or enhanced functionality in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta C. Conrad
- William A. Brookshire Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Megan L. Robertson
- William A. Brookshire Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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5
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Corrigan N, Boyer C. Living in the Moment: A Mathematically Verified Approach for Molecular Weight Distribution Analysis and Application to Data Storage. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
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6
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Controlling polymer molecular weight distributions by light through reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer‐hetero‐Diels–Alder click conjugation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Antonopoulou MN, Whitfield R, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Controlling polymer dispersity using switchable RAFT agents: Unravelling the effect of the organic content and degree of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Facile control of molecular weight distribution via droplet‐flow light‐driven reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Application of Imidazolium-based polyionic liquids to separate the 1,3,5-Trioxane-Water/Ethanol-Water system based on experimental verification and molecular mechanism analysis. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Chen ZH, Wang XY, Tang Y. Reversible complexation mediated polymerization: an emerging type of organocatalytically controlled radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reversible complexation mediated polymerization (RCMP) was developed as a new class of controlled radical polymerization (CRP) using organic catalysts. In particular, photo-RCMP is among the simplest, cheapest, and most robust photoinduced CRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Sarkar J, Lim YF, Goto A. Synthesis of Biologically Decomposable Terpolymer Nanocapsules and Higher‐Order Nanoassemblies Using RCMP‐PISA. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jit Sarkar
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Nanyang 637371 Singapore
| | - Ying Faye Lim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Nanyang 637371 Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Nanyang 637371 Singapore
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12
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Wang HS, Parkatzidis K, Harrisson S, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Controlling dispersity in aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization: rapid and quantitative synthesis of one-pot block copolymers. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14376-14382. [PMID: 34880988 PMCID: PMC8580105 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04241f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The dispersity (Đ) of a polymer is a key parameter in material design, and variations in Đ can have a strong influence on fundamental polymer properties. Despite its importance, current polymerization strategies to control Đ operate exclusively in organic media and are limited by slow polymerization rates, moderate conversions, significant loss of initiator efficiency and lack of dispersity control in block copolymers. Here, we demonstrate a rapid and quantitative method to tailor Đ of both homo and block copolymers in aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization. By using excess ligand to regulate the dissociation of bromide ions from the copper deactivator complexes, a wide range of monomodal molecular weight distributions (1.08 < Đ < 1.60) can be obtained within 10 min while achieving very high monomer conversions (∼99%). Despite the high conversions and the broad molecular weight distributions, very high end-group fidelity is maintained as exemplified by the ability to synthesize in situ diblock copolymers with absolute control over the dispersity of either block (e.g. low Đ → high Đ, high Đ → high Đ, high Đ → low Đ). The potential of our approach is further highlighted by the synthesis of complex pentablock and decablock copolymers without any need for purification between the iterative block formation steps. Other benefits of our methodology include the possibility to control Đ without affecting the M n, the interesting mechanistic concept that sheds light onto aqueous polymerizations and the capability to operate in the presence of air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Wang
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simon Harrisson
- LCPO, ENSCBP/CNRS/Université de Bordeaux, UMR5629 Pessac France
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich Switzerland
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13
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Shimizu T, Truong NP, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A. Tuning Ligand Concentration in Cu(0)-RDRP: A Simple Approach to Control Polymer Dispersity. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:187-195. [PMID: 34901951 PMCID: PMC8662723 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cu(0)-reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is a versatile polymerization tool, providing rapid access to well-defined polymers while utilizing mild reaction conditions and low catalyst loadings. However, thus far, this method has not been applied to tailor dispersity, a key parameter that determines the physical properties and applications of polymeric materials. Here, we report a simple to perform method, whereby Cu(0)-RDRP can systematically control polymer dispersity (Đ = 1.07-1.72), while maintaining monomodal molecular weight distributions. By varying the ligand concentration, we could effectively regulate the rates of initiation and deactivation, resulting in polymers of various dispersities. Importantly, both low and high dispersity PMA possess high end-group fidelity, as evidenced by MALDI-ToF-MS, allowing for a range of block copolymers to be prepared with different dispersity configurations. The scope of our method can also be extended to include inexpensive ligands (i.e., PMDETA), which also facilitated the polymerization of lower propagation rate constant monomers (i.e., styrene) and the in situ synthesis of block copolymers. This work significantly expands the toolbox of RDRP methods for tailoring dispersity in polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shimizu
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,Science
& Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical
Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku,
Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory
of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,
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14
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Li C, Han L, Bai H, Wang X, Yin Y, Yan H, Zhang X, Yang Z, Liu P, Ma H. Manipulating Molecular Weight Distributions via “Locked–Unlocked” Anionic Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cun Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongyuan Bai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Pibo Liu
- Division of Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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15
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Chen M, Li J, Ma K, Jin G, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Controlling Polymer Molecular Weight Distribution through a Latent Mediator Strategy with Temporal Programming. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Kaiqi Ma
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Guoqin Jin
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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16
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Precise Control of Both Dispersity and Molecular Weight Distribution Shape by Polymer Blending. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Whitfield R, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Precise Control of Both Dispersity and Molecular Weight Distribution Shape by Polymer Blending. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19383-19388. [PMID: 34133078 PMCID: PMC8456836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The breadth and the shape of molecular weight distributions can significantly influence fundamental polymer properties that are critical for various applications. However, current approaches require the extensive synthesis of multiple polymers, are limited in dispersity precision and are typically incapable of simultaneously controlling both the dispersity and the shape of molecular weight distributions. Here we report a simplified approach, whereby on mixing two polymers (one of high Đ and one of low Đ), any intermediate dispersity value can be obtained (e.g. from 1.08 to 1.84). Unrivalled precision is achieved, with dispersity values obtained to even the nearest 0.01 (e.g. 1.37→1.38→1.39→1.40→1.41→1.42→1.43→1.44→1.45), while maintaining fairly monomodal molecular weight distributions. This approach was also employed to control the shape of molecular weight distributions and to obtain diblock copolymers with high dispersity accuracy. The straightforward nature of our methodology alongside its compatibility with a wide range of polymerisation protocols (e.g. ATRP, RAFT), significantly expands the toolbox of tailored polymeric materials and makes them accessible to all researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 58093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 58093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 58093ZurichSwitzerland
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18
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Chen M, Li J, Ma K, Jin G, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Controlling Polymer Molecular Weight Distribution through a Latent Mediator Strategy with Temporal Programming. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19705-19709. [PMID: 34189823 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer molecular weight distribution (MWD) is a key parameter of polymers. Here we present a robust method for controlling polymer MWD in controlled cationic polymerizations. A latent mediator strategy was designed and combined with temporal programming to regenerate mediators at different times during polymerization. Both the breadths and shapes of MWD curves were tuned easily by adjusting an external light source. Bimodal, trimodal, and tetramodal distributions were obtained, and the breadths could be varied from 1.06 to 2.09. Polymers with different MWDs prepared by this method had good chain end fidelity, which was demonstrated with successful chain-extension experiments. In addition, the introduction of temporal programming with a computer-controlled single chip for the light source opened an avenue for the use of artificial intelligence in polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kaiqi Ma
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Guoqin Jin
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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19
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Reversible Chain Transfer Catalyzed Polymerization with Alkyl Iodides Generated from Alkyl Bromides by in Situ Halogen Exchange. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Zhang M, Li J, Chen M, Pan X, Zhang Z, Zhu J. Combination of the Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Addition Reaction and Living Cationic Polymerization: A Latent Initiator Strategy toward Tailoring Polymer Molecular Weight Distributions. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Miao Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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21
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Wang CG, Chong AML, Goto A. One Reagent with Two Functions: Simultaneous Living Radical Polymerization and Chain-End Substitution for Tailoring Polymer Dispersity. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:584-590. [PMID: 35570769 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular weight distribution of polymer, termed dispersity (Đ), is a fundamental parameter that determines polymer properties. Sodium azide (NaN3) functions as a catalyst in organocatalyzed living radical polymerization when the reaction medium is nonpolar. In contrast, NaN3 can act as a nucleophile when the reaction medium is polar. In this paper, we report an efficient approach to dispersity control by exploiting the dual functions of NaN3 under the varied solvent polarity. Simultaneous polymerization and chain-end substitution allowed us to tune the Đ values of various polymethacrylates and poly(butyl acrylate). Notably, the Đ value could be tuned to a wide range approximately from 1.2 to 2.0 for polymethacrylates and to 3.8 for poly(butyl acrylate). This approach afforded polymer brushes on surfaces with tailored Đ values. An interesting finding was that the polymer brushes exhibited a unique interaction with external molecules, depending on the Đ value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Amerlyn Ming Liing Chong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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22
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Yu L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Gan H, Li S, Xie X, Xue Z. Lithium Salt-Induced In Situ Living Radical Polymerizations Enable Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yu
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Gan
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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23
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Yin R, Wang Z, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Tuning dispersity of linear polymers and polymeric brushes grown from nanoparticles by atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular weight distribution imposes considerable influence on the properties of polymers, making it an important parameter, impacting morphology and structural behavior of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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24
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Zheng Y, Sarkar J, Niino H, Chatani S, Hsu SY, Goto A. Synthesis of core-crosslinked star polymers via organocatalyzed living radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00663k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Core-crosslinked star polymers synthesized via a grafting-through approach using RCMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zheng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
| | - Jit Sarkar
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
| | - Hiroshi Niino
- Otake R&D Center
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
- Hiroshima 739-0693
- Japan
| | - Shunsuke Chatani
- Otake R&D Center
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
- Hiroshima 739-0693
- Japan
| | - Shu Yao Hsu
- Otake R&D Center
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
- Hiroshima 739-0693
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
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25
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Parkatzidis K, Rolland M, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Tailoring polymer dispersity by mixing ATRP initiators. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a simple batch method to control polymer dispersity using a mixture of two ATRP initiators with different reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manon Rolland
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory for Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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26
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Jia R, Tu Y, Glauber M, Huang Z, Xuan S, Zhang W, Zhou N, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Fine control of the molecular weight and polymer dispersity via a latent monomeric retarder. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01569e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A latent monomeric retarder was used for a one-shot polymerization with a defined MW and Đ.
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27
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Mao W, Sarkar J, Peng B, Goto A. Aqueous emulsion polymerizations of methacrylates and styrene via reversible complexation mediated polymerization (RCMP). Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01087e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous emulsion polymerization via reversible complexation mediated living radical polymerization yielded low-dispersity poly(methyl methacrylate)s and polystyrenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Mao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jit Sarkar
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Bo Peng
- BASF Advanced Chemicals Co., Ltd, R&D I, No 300, Jiangxinsha Road, 200137 Shanghai, China
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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28
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Wang TT, Wu YY, Luo ZH, Zhou YN. “Living” Polymer Dispersity Quantification for Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization Systems by Mimicking a Monodispersed Polymer Blending Strategy. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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29
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Huo M, Tong G, Zhang C, Zhu X. Hybrid Polymerization of Reversible Complexation Mediated Polymerization (RCMP) and Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain-Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 Second Avenue, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Gangsheng Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chongyin Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialized Polymer Materials for Aerospace, Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacturer Co., Ltd., 100 Huaning Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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30
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Liu K, Corrigan N, Postma A, Moad G, Boyer C. A Comprehensive Platform for the Design and Synthesis of Polymer Molecular Weight Distributions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN) and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Almar Postma
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN) and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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31
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Sim XM, Wang CG, Liu X, Goto A. Multistimuli Responsive Reversible Cross-Linking-Decross-Linking of Concentrated Polymer Brushes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28711-28719. [PMID: 32515964 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poly(furfuryl methacrylate) (PFMA) brushes were cross-linked using bismaleimide cross-linkers via the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction at 70 °C, generating cross-linked PFMA brushes (PFMA brush gels). The cross-linked PFMA brushes were decross-linked at 110 °C via the retro-Diels-Alder (rDA) reaction, offering the temperature-responsive reversible PFMA brush gels. The wettability of the brush was tunable by cross-linking and decross-linking. The use of a disulfide containing bismaleimide as a cross-linker gave the S-S bond at the cross-linking point. The S-S bond was cleaved upon thermal or photo stimulus and regenerated through oxidative stimulus, offering another reversible decross-linking/cross-linking pathway of the PFMA brush gel. The use of photo stimulus together with photomasks further offered patterned brushes with the cross-linked and decross-linked domains. The combination of the DA/rDA reactions and the reversible S-S bond cleavage provided multistimuli-responsive brush gels for switching the surface properties in unique manners. The reversible cross-linking, multiresponsiveness, access to patterned structures, and metal-free synthetic procedure are attractive features in the present approach for creating smart functional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ming Sim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Chen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Xu Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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32
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33
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Hu K, Sarkar J, Zheng J, Lim YHM, Goto A. Organocatalyzed Living Radical Polymerization of Itaconates and Self‐Assemblies of Rod−Coil Block Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000075. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keling Hu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Jit Sarkar
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Jie Zheng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Yan Hui Melania Lim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
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34
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Ge Y, Chen C, Sim XM, Zheng J, Goto A. Synthesis of ABC Miktoarm Star Copolymers via Organocatalyzed Living Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900623. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yicen Ge
- Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Chen Chen
- Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Xuan Ming Sim
- Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Jie Zheng
- Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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35
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Zheng J, Chen C, Goto A. Temperature‐Directed Micellar Morphological Transformation Using CABC‐Block Copolymers and Its Applications in Encapsulation and Hidden Segment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
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36
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Zheng J, Chen C, Goto A. Temperature-Directed Micellar Morphological Transformation Using CABC-Block Copolymers and Its Applications in Encapsulation and Hidden Segment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1941-1949. [PMID: 31733019 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A temperature-directed micellar morphological transformation was developed using CABC multi-block copolymers with a hydrophobic block A, a hydrophilic block B, and a thermally responsive block C with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The micellar structure was switched from a star (below LCST) to a flower (above LCST). The transition temperature was tunable in a wide range (11-90 °C) by varying the C monomer composition. The large difference in the loading capacity between the star and flower enabled efficient encapsulation and controlled release of external molecules. Unlike conventional systems, the present star-to-flower transformation keeps micellar structures and hence does not liberate polymers but only external molecules selectively. Another application is a hidden functional segment. A functional segment is hidden (shielded) below the LCST and exposed to interact with external molecules or surfaces above the LCST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
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37
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Photocontrolled Iodine‐Mediated Reversible‐Deactivation Radical Polymerization: Solution Polymerization of Methacrylates by Irradiation with NIR LED Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Tian C, Wang P, Ni Y, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Photocontrolled Iodine-Mediated Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization: Solution Polymerization of Methacrylates by Irradiation with NIR LED Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3910-3916. [PMID: 31880856 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, near-infrared (NIR) photocontrolled iodide-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) of methacrylates, without an external photocatalyst, was developed using an alkyl iodide (e.g., 2-iodo-2-methylpropionitrile) as the initiator at room temperature. This example is the first use of a series of special solvents containing carbonyl groups (e.g., 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone) as both solvent and catalyst for photocontrolled RDRP using long-wavelength (λmax =730 nm) irradiation. The polymerization system comprises monomer, alkyl iodide initiator, and solvent. Well-defined polymers were synthesized with excellent control over the molecular weights and molecular weight distributions (Mw /Mn <1.21). The living features of this system were confirmed by polymerization kinetics, multiple controlled "on-off" light switching cycles, and chain extension experiments. Importantly, the polymerizations proceeded successfully with various barriers (pork skin and A4 paper), demonstrating the advantage of high-penetration NIR light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tian
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ni
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lifen Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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39
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Abstract
Multiblock copolymers (MBCs) are an emerging class of synthetic polymers that exhibit different macromolecular architectures and behaviours to those of homopolymers or di/triblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin P. Beyer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
| | - Jungyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
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40
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Mao W, Wang CG, Lu Y, Faustinelie W, Goto A. Carboxylate, nitrate, sulfonate, and phosphate catalysts for living radical polymerization via oxygen–iodine halogen bonding catalysis. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01533g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxyanions, i.e., carboxylate, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfonate, were used for halogen-bonding-catalyzed living radial polymerization, giving low-dispersity polymethacrylates, polystyrene, and polyacrylonitrile homopolymers and block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Mao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
| | - Chen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
| | - Yunpeng Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
| | - Winnie Faustinelie
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
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41
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Wang CG, Chong AML, Pan HM, Sarkar J, Tay XT, Goto A. Recent development in halogen-bonding-catalyzed living radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00939c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The development and applications of an organocatalyzed living radical polymerization via halogen-bonding catalysis, i.e., reversible complexation mediated polymerization (RCMP), are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
| | - Amerlyn Ming Liing Chong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
| | - Houwen Matthew Pan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
| | - Jit Sarkar
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
| | - Xiu Ting Tay
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371 Singapore
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42
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Li F, Yang W, Li M, Zhou L, Lei L. Cationic quaternary ammonium salt-catalyzed LED-induced living radical polymerization with in situhalogen exchange. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00474j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cationic quaternary ammonium salts were employed as organocatalysts for light-emitting diode (LED)-induced living radical polymerization (LRP) with thein situhalogen exchange of methacrylate monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Wanting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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43
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Wang CG, Chang JJ, Foo EYJ, Niino H, Chatani S, Hsu SY, Goto A. Recyclable Solid-Supported Catalysts for Quaternary Ammonium Iodide-Catalyzed Living Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Chang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ellendea Yong Jing Foo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Hiroshi Niino
- Hiroshima R&D Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 20-1 Miyuki-cho, Otake, Hiroshima 739-0693, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Chatani
- Hiroshima R&D Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 20-1 Miyuki-cho, Otake, Hiroshima 739-0693, Japan
| | - Shu Yao Hsu
- Hiroshima R&D Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 20-1 Miyuki-cho, Otake, Hiroshima 739-0693, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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44
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Tan R, Zhou D, Liu B, Sun Y, Liu X, Ma Z, Kong D, He J, Zhang Z, Dong XH. Precise modulation of molecular weight distribution for structural engineering. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10698-10705. [PMID: 32055380 PMCID: PMC7003969 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04736k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most critical molecular parameters, molecular weight distribution has a profound impact on the structure and properties of polymers. Quantitative and comprehensive understanding, however, has yet to be established, mainly due to the challenge in the precise control and regulation of molecular weight distribution. In this work, we demonstrated a robust and effective approach to artificially engineer the molecular weight distribution through precise recombination of discrete macromolecules. The width, symmetry, and other characteristics of the distribution can be independently manipulated to achieve absolute control, serving as a model platform for highlighting the importance of chain length heterogeneity in structural engineering. Different from their discrete counterparts, each individual component in dispersed samples experiences a varied degree of supercooling at a specific crystallization temperature. Non-uniform crystal nucleation and growth kinetics lead to distinct molecular arrangements. This work could bridge the gap between discrete and dispersed macromolecules, providing fundamental perspectives on the critical role of molecular weight distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tan
- South China Advanced Institute of Soft Matter Science and Technology , School of Molecular Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Dongdong Zhou
- South China Advanced Institute of Soft Matter Science and Technology , School of Molecular Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Baolei Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Yanxiao Sun
- South China Advanced Institute of Soft Matter Science and Technology , School of Molecular Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Xinxin Liu
- South China Advanced Institute of Soft Matter Science and Technology , School of Molecular Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Zhuang Ma
- South China Advanced Institute of Soft Matter Science and Technology , School of Molecular Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Deyu Kong
- South China Advanced Institute of Soft Matter Science and Technology , School of Molecular Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Xue-Hui Dong
- South China Advanced Institute of Soft Matter Science and Technology , School of Molecular Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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45
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Liu D, Sponza AD, Yang D, Chiu M. Modulating Polymer Dispersity with Light: Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers Using Photochromic Initiators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16210-16216. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Stony Brook University Department of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Alvaro D. Sponza
- Stony Brook University Department of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Dandan Yang
- Stony Brook University Department of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Melanie Chiu
- Stony Brook University Department of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
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46
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Liu D, Sponza AD, Yang D, Chiu M. Modulating Polymer Dispersity with Light: Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers Using Photochromic Initiators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Alvaro D. Sponza
- Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Dandan Yang
- Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Melanie Chiu
- Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
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47
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Whitfield R, Parkatzidis K, Rolland M, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Tuning Dispersity by Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation: Monomodal Distributions with ppm Copper Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13323-13328. [PMID: 31291503 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dispersity significantly affects the properties of polymers. However, current methods for controlling the polymer dispersity are limited to bimodal molecular weight distributions, adulterated polymer chains, or low end-group fidelity and rely on feeding reagents, flow-based, or multicomponent systems. To overcome these limitations, we report a simple batch system whereby photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerisation is exploited as a convenient and versatile technique to control dispersity of both homopolymers and block copolymers. By varying the concentration of the copper complex, a wide range of monomodal molecular weight distributions can be obtained (Đ=1.05-1.75). In all cases, high end-group fidelity was confirmed by MALDI-ToF-MS and exemplified by efficient block copolymer formation (monomodal, Đ=1.1-1.5). Importantly, our approach utilises ppm levels of copper (as low as 4 ppm), can be tolerant to oxygen and exhibits perfect temporal control, representing a major step forward in tuning polymer dispersity for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Manon Rolland
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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48
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Whitfield R, Parkatzidis K, Rolland M, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Tuning Dispersity by Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation: Monomodal Distributions with ppm Copper Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Department of Materials ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Kostas Parkatzidis
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Department of Materials ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Manon Rolland
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Department of Materials ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Department of Materials ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Department of Materials ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 Zurich 8093 Switzerland
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49
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Wang Z, Yan J, Liu T, Wei Q, Li S, Olszewski M, Wu J, Sobieski J, Fantin M, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Control of Dispersity and Grafting Density of Particle Brushes by Variation of ATRP Catalyst Concentration. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:859-864. [PMID: 35619513 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Silica particles with grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) brushes, SiO2-g-PMMA, were prepared via activator regeneration by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The grafting density and dispersity of the polymer brushes was tuned by the initial ATRP catalyst concentration ([CuII/L]0). Sparsely grafted particle brushes, which also displayed an anisotropic string-like structure in TEM images, were obtained at very low catalyst concentrations, [CuII/L]0 < 1 ppm. The effect of the initial catalyst concentration on dispersity and initiation efficiency in the particle brush system was similar to that observed in the synthesis of linear PMMA homopolymers. The kinetic study revealed a transition from controlled radical polymerization to a less controlled process at low monomer conversion, when the [CuII/L]0 decreased below about 10 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Qiangbing Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Sipei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jianing Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Julian Sobieski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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50
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Sarkar A, Thyagarajan A, Cole A, Stefik M. Widely tunable persistent micelle templates via homopolymer swelling. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5193-5203. [PMID: 31204753 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00484j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The combination of precision control with wide tunability remains a challenge for the fabrication of porous nanomaterials suitable for studies of nanostructure-behavior relationships. Polymer micelle templates broadly enable porous materials, however micelle equilibration hampers independent pore and wall size control. Persistent micelle templates (PMT) have emerged as a kinetic controlled platform that uniquely decouples the control of pore and wall dimensions. Here, chain exchange is inhibited to preserve a constant template dimension (pore size) despite the shifting equilibrium while materials are added between micelles. Early PMT demonstrations were synthesis intensive with limited 1-1.3× pore size tuning for a given polymer. Here we demonstrate PMT swelling with homopolymer enables 1-3.2× (13.3-41.9 nm) pore size variation while maintaining a monomodal distribution with up to 250 wt% homopolymer, considerably higher than the ∼90 wt% limit found for equilibrating micelles. These swollen PMTs enabled nanomaterial series with constant pore size and precision varied wall-thickness. Kinetic size control here is unexpected since the homopolymer undergoes dynamic exchange between micelles. The solvent selection influenced the time window before homopolymer phase separation, highlighting the importance of considering homopolymer-solvent interactions. This is the first PMT demonstration with wide variation of both the pore and wall dimensions using a single block polymer. Lastly this approach was extended to a 72 kg mol-1 block polymer to enable a wide 50-290 nm range of tunable macropores. Here the use of just two different block polymers and one homopolymer enabled wide ranging pore sizes spanning from 13.3-290 nm (1-22×).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Akshay Thyagarajan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - August Cole
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Morgan Stefik
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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