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Ding Q, Zhou Y, Feng Y, Sun L, Zhang T. Bruton's tyrosine kinase: A promising target for treating systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113040. [PMID: 39216117 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder involving multiple organs and systems. There is growing evidence that autoreactive B cells occupy a central role in the occurrence and progression of SLE due to their ability to generate pathogenic autoantibodies. Small molecule inhibitors targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a crucial intracellular kinase regulating B cell development and function, emerge as a new strategy to treat SLE in recent years and are superior to biologic agents depleting B cells in many aspects. Supportive data obtained from lupus-prone mice preliminarily demonstrated the promising therapeutic potential of BTK inhibition. However, these BTK inhibitors, including elsubrutinib, evobrutinib, etc., mostly face with unsatisfactory efficacy and certain safety issues during clinical use, driving the quest for new-generation inhibitors with improved potency and higher selectivity. This paper elaborates the importance of BTK involvement in SLE pathogenesis, reviews the clinical research progress of BTK inhibitors for SLE and discusses limitations and challenges the drugs met in development, in order to contribute to a deeper understanding of disease mechanism and provide a reference for new-generation BTK inhibitor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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2
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Himmelbauer M, Bajrami B, Basile R, Capacci A, Chen T, Choi CK, Gilfillan R, Gonzalez-Lopez de Turiso F, Gu C, Hoemberger M, Johnson DS, Jones JH, Kadakia E, Kirkland M, Lin EY, Liu Y, Ma B, Magee T, Mantena S, Marx IE, Metrick CM, Mingueneau M, Murugan P, Muste CA, Nadella P, Nevalainen M, Parker Harp CR, Pattaropong V, Pietrasiewicz A, Prince RJ, Purgett TJ, Santoro JC, Schulz J, Sciabola S, Tang H, Vandeveer HG, Wang T, Yousaf Z, Helal CJ, Hopkins BT. Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of BIIB129, a Covalent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant BTK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8122-8140. [PMID: 38712838 PMCID: PMC11129193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with an underlying pathology characterized by inflammation-driven neuronal loss, axonal injury, and demyelination. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase and member of the TEC family of kinases, is involved in the regulation, migration, and functional activation of B cells and myeloid cells in the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS), cell types which are deemed central to the pathology contributing to disease progression in MS patients. Herein, we describe the discovery of BIIB129 (25), a structurally distinct and brain-penetrant targeted covalent inhibitor (TCI) of BTK with an unprecedented binding mode responsible for its high kinome selectivity. BIIB129 (25) demonstrated efficacy in disease-relevant preclinical in vivo models of B cell proliferation in the CNS, exhibits a favorable safety profile suitable for clinical development as an immunomodulating therapy for MS, and has a low projected total human daily dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin
K. Himmelbauer
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bekim Bajrami
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Rebecca Basile
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andrew Capacci
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - TeYu Chen
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Colin K. Choi
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Rab Gilfillan
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Chungang Gu
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marc Hoemberger
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Douglas S. Johnson
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - J. Howard Jones
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ekta Kadakia
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Melissa Kirkland
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Edward Y. Lin
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bin Ma
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tom Magee
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Srinivasa Mantena
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Isaac E. Marx
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Claire M. Metrick
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paramasivam Murugan
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cathy A. Muste
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Prasad Nadella
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marta Nevalainen
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Chelsea R. Parker Harp
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Vatee Pattaropong
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alicia Pietrasiewicz
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robin J. Prince
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Thomas J. Purgett
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joseph C. Santoro
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jurgen Schulz
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Simone Sciabola
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hao Tang
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - H. George Vandeveer
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ti Wang
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Zain Yousaf
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Christopher J. Helal
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Brian T. Hopkins
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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Huszenicza Z, Gilmour BC, Koll L, Kjelstrup H, Chan H, Sundvold V, Granum S, Spurkland A. Interaction of T-cell-specific adapter protein with Src- and Tec-family kinases. Scand J Immunol 2024; 99:e13358. [PMID: 38605535 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Adapter proteins are flexible and dynamic modulators of cellular signalling that are important for immune cell function. One of these, the T-cell-specific adapter protein (TSAd), interacts with the non-receptor tyrosine kinases Src and Lck of the Src family kinases (SFKs) and Itk of the Tec family kinases (TFKs). Three tyrosine residues in the TSAd C-terminus are phosphorylated by Lck and serve as docking sites for the Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of Src and Lck. The TSAd proline-rich region (PRR) binds to the Src homology 3 (SH3) domains found in Lck, Src and Itk. Despite known interactors, the role TSAd plays in cellular signalling remains largely unknown. TSAd's ability to bind both SFKs and TFKs may point to its function as a general scaffold for both kinase families. Using GST-pulldown as well as peptide array experiments, we found that both the SH2 and SH3 domains of the SFKs Fyn and Hck, as well as the TFKs Tec and Txk, interact with TSAd. This contrasts with Itk, which interacts with TSAd only through its SH3 domain. Although our analysis showed that TSAd is both co-expressed and may interact with Fyn, we were unable to co-precipitate Fyn with TSAd from Jurkat cells, as detected by Western blotting and affinity purification mass spectrometry. This may suggest that TSAd-Fyn interaction in intact cells may be limited by other factors, such as the subcellular localization of the two molecules or the co-expression of competing binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Huszenicza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brian C Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Koll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Kjelstrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke Sundvold
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Granum
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Lin DYW, Kueffer LE, Juneja P, Wales TE, Engen JR, Andreotti AH. Conformational heterogeneity of the BTK PHTH domain drives multiple regulatory states. eLife 2024; 12:RP89489. [PMID: 38189455 PMCID: PMC10945472 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Full-length Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) has been refractory to structural analysis. The nearest full-length structure of BTK to date consists of the autoinhibited SH3-SH2-kinase core. Precisely how the BTK N-terminal domains (the Pleckstrin homology/Tec homology [PHTH] domain and proline-rich regions [PRR] contain linker) contribute to BTK regulation remains unclear. We have produced crystals of full-length BTK for the first time but despite efforts to stabilize the autoinhibited state, the diffraction data still reveal only the SH3-SH2-kinase core with no electron density visible for the PHTH-PRR segment. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) data of full-length BTK, on the other hand, provide the first view of the PHTH domain within full-length BTK. CryoEM reconstructions support conformational heterogeneity in the PHTH-PRR region wherein the globular PHTH domain adopts a range of states arrayed around the autoinhibited SH3-SH2-kinase core. On the way to activation, disassembly of the SH3-SH2-kinase core opens a new autoinhibitory site on the kinase domain for PHTH domain binding that is ultimately released upon interaction of PHTH with phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate. Membrane-induced dimerization activates BTK and we present here a crystal structure of an activation loop swapped BTK kinase domain dimer that likely represents the conformational state leading to trans-autophosphorylation. Together, these data provide the first structural elucidation of full-length BTK and allow a deeper understanding of allosteric control over the BTK kinase domain during distinct stages of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Yin-wei Lin
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State UniversityAmesUnited States
| | - Lauren E Kueffer
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State UniversityAmesUnited States
| | - Puneet Juneja
- Cryo-EM Facility, Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State UniversityAmesUnited States
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Amy H Andreotti
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State UniversityAmesUnited States
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5
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Xu B, Liang L, Jiang Y, Zhao Z. Investigating the ibrutinib resistance mechanism of L528W mutation on Bruton's tyrosine kinase via molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 126:108623. [PMID: 37716293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance to Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitors presents a challenge in treating B-cell malignancies, and the mechanism behind drug resistance remains unclear. In this study, we focused on the BTK L528W mutation and investigated the underlying mechanisms of resistance to ibrutinib (including prototype and its active metabolite from, PCI-45227) using a combination of bioinformatics analysis, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Protein stability of wild type (WT) BTK and L528W mutant was predicted using DUET, PoPMuSiC, and I-Mutant2.0. We performed MD simulations of six systems, apo-WT, metabolite-WT, prototype-WT and their mutants, to analyze the significant conformational and BTK-inhibitor binding affinity changes induced by the L528W mutation. Results show that the L528W mutation reduces the conformational stability of BTK compared to the WT. Principal component analysis (PCA) based free energy landscape (FEL) analysis shows that the L528W mutant ensemble tends to form more conformation clusters and exhibit higher levels of local minima than the WT counterpart. The interaction analysis reveal that the L528W mutation disrupts the strong hydrogen bond between Cys481 and inhibitors and reduces the number of hydrogen bonds between inhibitors and BTK in the L528W mutant complex structures compared to the WT. Porcupine plot analysis in association with cross-correlation analysis show the high-intensity flexible motion exhibited by the P-loop region. MM/GBSA calculations show that the L528W mutation in metabolite-BTK and prototype-BTK complexes increases binding free energy compared to the WT, with a reduction in binding affinity confirmed by per-residue energy decomposition. Specifically, the binding free energy increases from -57.86 kcal/mol to -48.26 kcal/mol for the metabolite-BTK complex and from -62.04 kcal/mol to -50.55 kcal/mol for the prototype-BTK complex. Overall, our study finds that the L528W mutation reduces BTK stability, decreases binding affinity, and leads to drug resistance and potential disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyu Xu
- Department of Hematology, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, 523050, Guangdong Province, China; Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Tumors, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, 523050, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Luguang Liang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, 523710, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yirong Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, 523050, Guangdong Province, China; Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Tumors, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, 523050, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zuguo Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology of Basical Medicine of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, 523808, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan City, 523710, Guangdong Province, China.
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6
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Lin DYW, Kueffer LE, Juneja P, Wales TE, Engen JR, Andreotti AH. Conformational heterogeneity of the BTK PHTH domain drives multiple regulatory states. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.02.543453. [PMID: 37786675 PMCID: PMC10541622 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Full-length BTK has been refractory to structural analysis. The nearest full-length structure of BTK to date consists of the autoinhibited SH3-SH2-kinase core. Precisely how the BTK N-terminal domains (the Pleckstrin homology/Tec homology (PHTH) domain and proline-rich regions (PRR) contain linker) contribute to BTK regulation remains unclear. We have produced crystals of full-length BTK for the first time but despite efforts to stabilize the autoinhibited state, the diffraction data still reveals only the SH3-SH2-kinase core with no electron density visible for the PHTH-PRR segment. CryoEM data of full-length BTK, on the other hand, provide the first view of the PHTH domain within full-length BTK. CryoEM reconstructions support conformational heterogeneity in the PHTH-PRR region wherein the globular PHTH domain adopts a range of states arrayed around the autoinhibited SH3-SH2-kinase core. On the way to activation, disassembly of the SH3-SH2-kinase core opens a new autoinhibitory site on the kinase domain for PHTH domain binding that is ultimately released upon interaction of PHTH with PIP3. Membrane-induced dimerizationactivates BTK and we present here a crystal structure of an activation loop swapped BTK kinase domain dimer that likely represents the conformational state leading to transautophosphorylation. Together, these data provide the first structural elucidation of full-length BTK and allow a deeper understanding of allosteric control over the BTK kinase domain during distinct stages of activation.
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7
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Sridaran D, Bradshaw E, DeSelm C, Pachynski R, Mahajan K, Mahajan NP. Prostate cancer immunotherapy: Improving clinical outcomes with a multi-pronged approach. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101199. [PMID: 37738978 PMCID: PMC10591038 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has gained traction in recent years owing to remarkable tumor clearance in some patients. Despite the notable success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in multiple malignancies, engagement of the immune system for targeted prostate cancer (PCa) therapy is still in its infancy. Multiple factors contribute to limited response, including the heterogeneity of PCa, the cold tumor microenvironment, and a low number of neoantigens. Significant effort is being invested in improving immune-based PCa therapies. This review is a summary of the status of immunotherapy in treating PCa, with a discussion of multiple immune modalities, including vaccines, adoptively transferred T cells, and bispecific T cell engagers, some of which are undergoing clinical trials. In addition, this review also focuses on emerging mechanism-based small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors with immune modulatory properties that, either as single agents or in combination with other immunotherapies, have the potential to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Sridaran
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elliot Bradshaw
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carl DeSelm
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs (CHiiPs), Washington University in St Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Russell Pachynski
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs (CHiiPs), Washington University in St Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Conaghan PG, Nowak M, Du S, Luo Y, Landis J, Pachai C, Fura A, Catlett IM, Grasela DM, Østergaard M. Evaluation of BMS-986142, a reversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled, adaptive design study. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2023; 5:e263-e273. [PMID: 38251590 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a promising biological target for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. This study examined safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of BMS-986142, an oral, reversible BTK inhibitor. The aim was to compare the efficacy of BMS-986142 with placebo on a background of methotrexate in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response to methotrexate. METHODS This phase 2, randomised, double-blind, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled, adaptive design study was conducted across 14 countries and 79 clinical sites. We recruited people aged 18 years or older with a documented diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis at least 16 weeks before screening with an inadequate response to methotrexate with or without inadequate response to up to two tumour necrosis factor inhibitors. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to oral BMS-986142 (100 mg, 200 mg, or 350 mg) or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Randomisation was done using an interactive voice response system and stratified by prior treatment status and geographical region. All participants, care providers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to treatment allocation. Co-primary endpoints were 20% and 70% improvement in American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR20 and ACR70) at week 12. Primary endpoints were assessed in the efficacy analysis population (all randomised patients who received at least one dose of the study drug and did not discontinue the study). Safety endpoints were analysed in the as-treated analysis population, which included all patients who received at least one dose of the study drug (patients were grouped according to the treatment they actually received vs the treatment to which they were randomised). This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02638948. FINDINGS Between Feb 24, 2016 and May 3, 2018, 248 patients were randomised (73 in the BMS-986142 100 mg group, 73 in the 200 mg group, 26 in the 350 mg group, and 75 in the placebo group; one post-randomisation exclusion); mean age was 56·7 years (SD 12·7); 214 (87%) of 247 were women, 33 (13%) were men, and 188 (76%) were White. Pre-specified interim analysis resulted in discontinuation of the 350 mg BMS-986142 dose due to elevated liver enzymes and absence of benefit versus placebo. Co-primary endpoints were not met. Response rates for ACR20 (placebo: 23 [31%] of 75; 100 mg: 26 [36%] of 73; 200 mg: 31 [42%] of 73) and ACR70 (placebo: three [4%] of 75; 100 mg: three [4%] of 73; 200 mg: seven [10%] of 73) were not significantly different to placebo; estimate of difference versus placebo for ACR20 was 4·9 (95% CI -10·2 to 20·1; p=0·52) for 100 mg and 11·8 (-3·6 to 27·2; p=0·14) for 200 mg, and for ACR70 the estimate of difference was 0·1 (-16·0 to 16·5; nominal p=1·00) for 100 mg and 5·6 (-10·5 to 21·9; nominal p=0·21) for 200 mg. Six patients experienced serious adverse events (four in the placebo group [mouth ulceration, open globe injury, rheumatoid arthritis flare, and endometrial adenocarcinoma] and two in the BMS-986142 100 mg group [angina pectoris and intestinal obstruction]); there were no deaths. INTERPRETATION Further investigation of BMS-986142 in people with rheumatoid arthritis is not warranted. An absence of clinical benefit in this study, together with other study results, highlights the need for additional research on the extent of BTK inhibition, treatment duration, and adequacy of drug distribution to inflammation sites, to understand the potential utility of BTK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis. FUNDING Bristol Myers Squibb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK.
| | - Miroslawa Nowak
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Shuyan Du
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yi Luo
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica Landis
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Chahin Pachai
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Aberra Fura
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ian M Catlett
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Dennis M Grasela
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mikkel Østergaard
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Krämer J, Bar-Or A, Turner TJ, Wiendl H. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors for multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:289-304. [PMID: 37055617 PMCID: PMC10100639 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Current therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) reduce both relapses and relapse-associated worsening of disability, which is assumed to be mainly associated with transient infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS). However, approved therapies are less effective at slowing disability accumulation in patients with MS, in part owing to their lack of relevant effects on CNS-compartmentalized inflammation, which has been proposed to drive disability. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an intracellular signalling molecule involved in the regulation of maturation, survival, migration and activation of B cells and microglia. As CNS-compartmentalized B cells and microglia are considered central to the immunopathogenesis of progressive MS, treatment with CNS-penetrant BTK inhibitors might curtail disease progression by targeting immune cells on both sides of the blood-brain barrier. Five BTK inhibitors that differ in selectivity, strength of inhibition, binding mechanisms and ability to modulate immune cells within the CNS are currently under investigation in clinical trials as a treatment for MS. This Review describes the role of BTK in various immune cells implicated in MS, provides an overview of preclinical data on BTK inhibitors and discusses the (largely preliminary) data from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krämer
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Neurotherapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Meena J, Hasija Y. Rare deleterious mutations in Bruton's tyrosine kinase as biomarkers for ibrutinib-based therapy: an in silico insight. J Mol Model 2023; 29:120. [PMID: 36991253 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer caused by malignant keratinocytes. Multiple studies have shown that protein mutations have a significant impact on the development and progression of cancer, including SCC. We attempted to decode the effect of single amino acid mutations in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) protein in this study. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed on selected deleterious mutations of the BTK protein, revealing that the variants adversely affect the protein, indicating that they may contribute to the prognosis of SCC by making the protein unstable. Then, we investigated the interaction between the protein and its mutants with ibrutinib, a drug designed to treat SCC. Even though the mutations have deleterious effects on protein structure, they bind to ibrutinib similarly to their wild type counterpart. This study demonstrates that the effect of detected missense mutations is unfavorable and can result in function loss, which is severe for SCC, but that ibrutinib-based therapy can still be effective on them, and the mutations can be used as biomarkers for Ibrutinib-based treatment. METHODS Seven different computational techniques were used to compute the effect of SAVs in accordance with the experimental requirements of this study. To understand the differences in protein and mutant dynamics, MD simulation and trajectory analysis, including RMSD, RMSF, PCA, and contact analysis, were performed. The free binding energy and its decomposition for each protein-drug complex were determined using docking, MM-GBSA, MM-PBSA, and interaction analysis (wild and mutants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaishree Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Yasha Hasija
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
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Papasouliotis O, Mitchell D, Girard P, Dangond F, Dyroff M. Determination of a clinically effective evobrutinib dose: Exposure-response analyses of a phase II relapsing multiple sclerosis study. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2888-2898. [PMID: 36126241 PMCID: PMC9747124 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacometric analysis of the double-blind, randomized, phase II study (NCT02975349) investigating the safety and efficacy of evobrutinib, explored exposure-response relationships and suitable dosing regimens of evobrutinib for relapsing multiple sclerosis. Population pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic modeling was applied to data collected in fasted patients treated with placebo or evobrutinib (25 mg once-daily [q.d.], 75 mg q.d., or 75 mg twice-daily [b.i.d.]) for 24 weeks, followed by a 24-week blinded extension (placebo patients switched to 25 mg q.d.). Model-based exposures for PK and Bruton's tyrosine kinase occupancy (BTKO) were used for exposure-response analyses (maximum 207 patients). PK, BTKO profiles, and annualized relapse rate (ARR) after 48 weeks of treatment under alternative dosing regimens were simulated. Exposure-response modeling identified a relationship between evobrutinib exposure and clinical response for total number of T1 Gd+ and new/enlarging T2 lesions at weeks 12-24, and ARR at week 48. Area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h at steady-state (AUC0-24,SS ) of 468 and ≥400 ng/ml h was associated with T1 Gd+/T2 lesion reduction and ARR improvement, respectively. These exposures were associated with steady-state (SS) predose BTKO ≥95%. Based on PK and BTKO profile simulations, evobrutinib 75 mg b.i.d. while fasted is predicted to maintain SS predose BTKO >95% in 92% of patients. Evobrutinib 45 mg b.i.d. with food is predicted to achieve similar exposure as 75 mg b.i.d. while fasted (predose BTKO >95% in 93% of patients). Evobrutinib 45 mg b.i.d. with food is predicted to have comparable exposure and BTKO to 75 mg b.i.d. without food (phase II) and will be pharmacologically effective and appropriate for clinical use in phase III multiple sclerosis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Papasouliotis
- Merck Institute for PharmacometricsLausanneSwitzerland, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Pascal Girard
- Merck Institute for PharmacometricsLausanneSwitzerland, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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12
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Remibrutinib, a novel BTK inhibitor, demonstrates promising efficacy and safety in chronic spontaneous urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1498-1506.e2. [PMID: 36096203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is inadequately controlled in many patients and greatly affects quality of life. Remibrutinib, a highly selective, oral, novel covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, might be effective in CSU. OBJECTIVE This first-in-patient trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remibrutinib in CSU treatment and characterize the dose-response. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b dose-finding trial evaluated remibrutinib (12 weeks) in patients inadequately controlled with second-generation H1-antihistamines, with at least moderately active CSU, with or without prior anti-IgE treatment (NCT03926611). Patients received remibrutinib 10 mg once daily, 35 mg once daily, 100 mg once daily, 10 mg twice daily, 25 mg twice daily, 100 mg twice daily, or placebo (1:1:1:1:1:1:1 ratio). The main end points were weekly Urticaria Activity Score change from baseline at week 4 and safety. RESULTS Overall, 311 patients were randomized. Reduced symptom score was observed for all remibrutinib doses from week 1 until week 12, with weekly Urticaria Activity Score change from baseline at week 4: -19.1 (10 mg once daily), -19.1 (35 mg once daily), -14.7 (100 mg once daily), -16.0 (10 mg twice daily), -20.0 (25 mg twice daily), -18.1 (100 mg twice daily), and -5.4 for placebo (nominal P < .0001 for all doses vs placebo). Most adverse events were mild or moderate, with no dose-dependent pattern. CONCLUSION Remibrutinib was highly effective in the treatment of CSU over the entire dose range, with a rapid onset of action and a favorable safety profile.
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Ye B, Chen S, Guo H, Zheng W, Lou G, Liang X, Liu Y, Zhou C, Zheng M. The Inhibition of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Alleviates Acute Liver Failure via Downregulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1156-1164. [PMID: 35977799 PMCID: PMC10613575 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
There is no effective treatment for acute liver failure (ALF) except for an artificial liver support system (ALSS) and liver transplant. Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) plays important immunoregulatory roles in the inflammatory diseases, but its possible function in ALF remains to be characterized. In this study, we detected the phosphorylation level of Btk in ALF mouse liver and analyzed the protective effects of Btk inhibitor on survival rate and liver damage in ALF mouse models. We measured the expression levels of various inflammatory cytokines in the ALF mouse liver and primary human monocytes. In addition, we examined the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse models with or without Btk inhibition. Clinically, we observed the dynamic changes of Btk expression in PBMCs of ALSS-treated patients. Our results showed that Btk was upregulated significantly in the experimental ALF mouse models and that Btk inhibition alleviated liver injury and reduced the mortality in these models. The protective effect of Btk inhibitors on ALF mice partially depended on the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Clinical investigations revealed that the dynamic changes of Btk expression in PBMCs could predict the effect of ALSS treatment. Our work shows that Btk inhibition is an effective therapeutic strategy for ALF. Moreover, Btk is a useful indicator to predict the therapeutic effect of ALSS on liver failure, which might have great value in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjue Ye
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Shiwei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | | | | | | | - Xue Liang
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Yanning Liu
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Cheng Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Min Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
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Dong R, Yan Y, Zeng X, Lin N, Tan B. Ibrutinib-Associated Cardiotoxicity: From the Pharmaceutical to the Clinical. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3225-3239. [PMID: 36164415 PMCID: PMC9508996 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s377697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibrutinib is the first-in-class Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor that has revolutionized the treatment of B cell malignancies. Unfortunately, increased incidences of cardiotoxicity have limited its use. Despite over a decade of research, the biological mechanisms underlying ibrutinib cardiotoxicity remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological properties of ibrutinib, the incidence and mechanisms of ibrutinib-induced cardiotoxicity, and practical management to prevent and treat this condition. We also synopsize and discuss the cardiovascular adverse effects related to other more selective BTK inhibitors, which may guide the selection of appropriate BTK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youyou Yan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 31006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 31006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nengming Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 31006, People’s Republic of China
- Nengming Lin, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Room 903, No. 7 Building, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-571-56005600, Email
| | - Biqin Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Biqin Tan, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Room 207, No. 5 Building, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-571-56007824, Fax +86-571-56005600, Email
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15
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Asadi M, Xie WJ, Warshel A. Exploring the Role of Chemical Reactions in the Selectivity of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16638-16646. [PMID: 36044733 PMCID: PMC10387326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of diseases are associated with tyrosine kinase enzymes that activate many proteins via signal transduction cascades. The similar ATP-binding pockets of these tyrosine kinases make it extremely difficult to design selective covalent inhibitors. The present study explores the contribution of the chemical reaction steps to the selectivity of the commercialized inhibitor acalabrutinib over the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and the interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK). Ab initio and empirical valence bond (EVB) simulations of the two kinases indicate that the most favorable reaction path involves a water-assisted mechanism of the 2-butynamide reactive group of acalabrutinib. BTK reacts with acalabrutinib with a substantially lower barrier than ITK, according to our calculated free-energy profile and kinetic simulations. Such a difference is due to the microenvironment of the active site, as further supported by a sequence-based analysis of specificity determinants for several commercialized inhibitors. Our study involves a new approach of simulating directly the IC50 and inactivation efficiency keff, instead of using the standard formulas. This new strategy is particularly important in studies of covalent inhibitors with a very exothermic bonding step. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of understanding the chemical reaction steps in designing selective covalent inhibitors for tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Asadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089-1062, United States
| | - Wen Jun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089-1062, United States
| | - Arieh Warshel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089-1062, United States
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Choi YJ, Kim C, Choi EW, Lee SH, Chae MK, Jun HO, Kim BY, Yoon JS, Jang SY. MicroRNA-155 acts as an anti-inflammatory factor in orbital fibroblasts from Graves’ orbitopathy by repressing interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270416. [PMID: 35980936 PMCID: PMC9387810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-155 in inflammation in an in-vitro model of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO). The expression levels of miR-155 were compared between GO and non-GO orbital tissues. The effects of inflammatory stimulation of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) on miR-155 expression on GO and non-GO orbital fibroblasts (OFs) were investigated. The effects of miR-155 mimics and inhibitors of inflammatory proteins and IL-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) expression were examined, along with those related to the knockdown of ITK with siITK transfection on inflammatory proteins. We also examined how ITK inhibitors affect miR-155 expression in GO and non-GO OFs. The expression levels of miR-155 were higher in GO orbital tissues than in non-GO tissue. The overexpression of miR-155 was induced by IL-1β and TNF-α in OFs from GO and non-GO patients. IL-1β-induced IL-6 (ICAM1) protein production was significantly reduced (increased) by miR-155 mimics and inhibitors. The mRNA and protein levels of ITK were downregulated by overexpressed miR-155 via miR-155 mimics. Knockdown of ITK via siITK transfection induced a decrease in the expression levels of ITK, IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α protein. The expression of miR-155 was significantly downregulated by treatment with ITK inhibitors and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK)/ITK dual inhibitors in a time-dependent manner. Our results indicated a potential relationship between miR-155 and ITK in the context of GO OFs. The overexpression of miR-155 repressed ITK expression and relieved inflammation. Thus, miR-155 appears to have anti-inflammatory effects in GO OFs. This discovery provides a new concept for developing GO treatment therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jeong Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Charm Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Woo Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Oh Jun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Liang W, Li K, Zhang Q, Li K, Ai K, Zhang J, Jiao X, Li J, Wei X, Yang J. Interleukin-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK) may participate in the anti-bacterial immune response of Nile tilapia via regulating T-cell activation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:419-426. [PMID: 35779809 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK) plays a predominant role in the T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling cascade to ensure valid T-cell activation and function. Nevertheless, whether it regulates T-cell response of early vertebrates remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the involvement of ITK in the lymphocyte-mediated adaptive immune response, and its regulation to T-cell activation in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Both sequence and structure of O. niloticus ITK (OnITK) were remarkably conserved with its homologues from other vertebrates, implying its potential conserved function. OnITK mRNA was extensively expressed in lymphoid-related tissues, and with the relative highest level in peripheral blood. Once Nile tilapia was infected by Edwardsiella piscicida, OnITK in splenic lymphocytes was significantly up-regulated on 7-day post infection at both transcription and translation levels, suggesting that OnITK might involve in the primary adaptive immune response of teleost. Furthermore, upon splenic lymphocytes were stimulated by T-cell specific mitogen PHA, OnITK mRNA and protein levels were dramatically elevated. More importantly, treatment of splenic lymphocytes with specific inhibitor significantly crippled OnITK expression, which in turn impaired the inducible expression of T-cell activation markers IFN-γ, IL-2 and CD122, indicating the critical roles of ITK in regulating T-cell activation of Nile tilapia. Taken together, our results suggest that ITK takes part in the lymphocyte-mediated adaptive immunity of tilapia, and is indispensable for T-cell activation of teleost. Our findings thus provide novel evidences for understanding the mechanism regulating T-cell immunity of early vertebrates, as well as the evolution of adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kunming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kete Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xinying Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of Bruton<apos;>s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitors has transformed the treatment of B-cell malignancies and other non-malignant conditions. Management of the unique cardiotoxic profile of these agents requires prompt recognition and a multi-disciplinary approach. AREAS COVERED The increasing indications and addition of newer agents to clinical practice and emergence of BTK inhibitor-related cardiac adverse events have complicated the management decisions for utilization of this class of therapy. We review the incidence, mechanisms, and management approaches for BTK inhibitor-related atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and ventricular arrhythmias. EXPERT OPINION The newer BTK inhibitor acalabrutinib represents a new standard of care in front-line chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) given the results of the ELEVATE-RR trial demonstrating comparable efficacy and a more favorable toxicity profile especially with regard to cardiac adverse events as compared to ibrutinib. Often not recognized by clinicians, BTK inhibitor-induced hypertension is common and can be severe, requiring prompt recognition and initiation or adjustment of anti-hypertensive medications to prevent major adverse cardiac outcomes. Novel BTK inhibitors in development are being designed to overcome the patterns of resistance from first-generation agents and to minimize off-target kinase activity, with promising toxicity profiles in early trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Christensen
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterHarold C. , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vlad G Zaha
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Advanced Imaging Research Center, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Farrukh T Awan
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterHarold C. , Dallas, TX, USA
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Shah A, Patel C, Parmar G, Patel A, Jain M. A concise review on tyrosine kinase targeted cancer therapy. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220331104025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The tyrosine kinase (TK) family is considered one of the important family members of the kinase family due to its important role in various cellular processes like cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis, etc. Mutation, overexpression, and dysfunction of tyrosine kinase receptors lead to the development of malignancy; thus, they are considered as one of the important targets for the development of anti-cancer molecules. The tyrosine kinase family is majorly divided into two classes; receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase. Both of the classes have an important role in the development of tumour cells. Currently, there are more than 40 FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which are used in the treatment of various types of cancers. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors mainly block the phosphorylation of tyrosine residue of the corresponding kinase substrate and so activation of downstream signalling pathways can be inhibited. The promising results of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in solid tumours provide a revolution in oncology research. In this article, we had summarized the role of some important members of the tyrosine kinase family in the development and progression of tumour cells and the significance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Chhagan Patel
- Shree Sarvajaink Pharmacy College, Mehsana, Gujarat India
| | - Ghanshaym Parmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, CHARUSAT, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Manav Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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20
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Zhou Q, Teng Y, Pan J, Shi Q, Liu Y, Liang D, Li Z, Wu L. Identification of four novel mutations in BTK from six Chinese families with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:48-55. [PMID: 35245483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The defect of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene resulted in X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), which is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, immunodeficiency with low B-cell numbers and immunoglobulin. Diagnosis of XLA depends on clinical phenotype and genetic testing. METHODS Six unrelated Chinese families with high suspicion of XLA were enrolled in this study. Potential pathogenic variants were detected and validated by Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and Sanger Sequencing. Western blot, Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis and immunofluorescence analysis were used to evaluate the preliminary function of candidate BTK variants. RESULTS A total of six variants were identified, four of which were not reported before. The novel missense mutation(c.1900T>G) and deletion(c.897delG) were found that the mutant protein and mRNA expression levels have fallen by Western Blot and qPCR identification. We also constructed minigene expression vector to determine the deletion (c.1751-6_1755delttctagGGGTT) resulting a 35bp skipping in exon 18. Meanwhile, the break point of gross deletion (Exon2-5) discovered based on WES was confirmed to be located at site ChX:101367539_101376531 through qPCR and Gap-PCR. CONCLUSION This study makes definitive diagnosis for 6 families with suspected XLA and further expands the spectrum of BTK mutations, providing new information for the diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Zhou
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanling Teng
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianyan Pan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingxin Shi
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingdi Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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21
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Dou D, Diao Y, Sha W, Su R, Tong L, Li W, Leng L, Xie L, Yu Z, Song H, Shen Z, Zhu L, Zhao Z, Xie H, Chen Z, Li H, Xu Y. Discovery of Pteridine-7(8 H)-one Derivatives as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK). J Med Chem 2022; 65:2694-2709. [PMID: 35099969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Covalent and noncovalent BTK inhibitors have been developed, among which covalent BTK inhibitors have shown great clinical efficacy. However, some of them could produce adverse effects, such as diarrhea, rash, and platelet dysfunction, which are associated with the off-target inhibition of ITK and EGFR. In this study, we disclosed a series of pteridine-7(8H)-one derivatives as potent and selective covalent BTK inhibitors, which were optimized from 3z, an EGFR inhibitor previously reported by our group. Among them, compound 24a exhibited great BTK inhibition activity (IC50 = 4.0 nM) and high selectivity in both enzymatic (ITK >250-fold, EGFR >2500-fold) and cellular levels (ITK >227-fold, EGFR 27-fold). In U-937 xenograft models, 24a significantly inhibited tumor growth (TGI = 57.85%) at a 50 mg/kg dosage. Accordingly, 24a is a new BTK inhibitor worthy of further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Dou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanyan Diao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenjie Sha
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rongrong Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Linjiang Tong
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Limin Leng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhixiao Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haoming Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihao Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yufang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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22
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Dou D, Sha W, Diao Y, Su R, Qiao Y, Yu Z, Zhao Z, Li H, Chen Z, Xu Y. Discovery of pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-one derivatives as novel non-covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105541. [PMID: 34910982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an attractive target for the treatment of malignancy and inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. Most of the covalent BTK inhibitors would induce off-target side effects and drug resistance. To improve the drug safety of BTK inhibitors, non-covalent inhibitors have attracted more and more attention. We designed a series of novel pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-one derivatives (N-A and N-B) via scaffold hopping from CGI-1746. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the newly-synthesized compounds was explored. The results showed that compounds 12 and 18 exhibited potent enzymatic potency against BTK with IC50 values of 0.22 μM and 0.19 μM, respectively. In lymphoma cell lines U-937 cells and Ramos cells, compounds 12 and 18 displayed comparative antiproliferative activity with Ibrutinib. Moreover, compound 12 induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in U-937 cells. And it could effectively inhibit tumor growth in U-937 xenograft mouse model (TGI = 41.90% at 50 mg/kg). In all, the new pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-one derivatives have the antitumor potency by BTK inhibition and were worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Dou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenjie Sha
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanyan Diao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rongrong Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yunjin Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhixiao Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yufang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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23
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Ringheim GE, Wampole M, Oberoi K. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitors and Autoimmune Diseases: Making Sense of BTK Inhibitor Specificity Profiles and Recent Clinical Trial Successes and Failures. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662223. [PMID: 34803999 PMCID: PMC8595937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical development of BTK kinase inhibitors for treating autoimmune diseases has lagged behind development of these drugs for treating cancers, due in part from concerns over the lack of selectivity and associated toxicity profiles of first generation drug candidates when used in the long term treatment of immune mediated diseases. Second generation BTK inhibitors have made great strides in limiting off-target activities for distantly related kinases, though they have had variable success at limiting cross-reactivity within the more closely related TEC family of kinases. We investigated the BTK specificity and toxicity profiles, drug properties, disease associated signaling pathways, clinical indications, and trial successes and failures for the 13 BTK inhibitor drug candidates tested in phase 2 or higher clinical trials representing 7 autoimmune and 2 inflammatory immune-mediated diseases. We focused on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) where the majority of BTK nonclinical and clinical studies have been reported, with additional information for pemphigus vulgaris (PV), Sjogren’s disease (SJ), chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), graft versus host disease (GVHD), and asthma included where available. While improved BTK selectivity versus kinases outside the TEC family improved clinical toxicity profiles, less profile distinction was evident within the TEC family. Analysis of genetic associations of RA, MS, and SLE biomarkers with TEC family members revealed that BTK and TEC family members may not be drivers of disease. They are, however, mediators of signaling pathways associated with the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases. BTK in particular may be associated with B cell and myeloid differentiation as well as autoantibody development implicated in immune mediated diseases. Successes in the clinic for treating RA, MS, PV, ITP, and GVHD, but not for SLE and SJ support the concept that BTK plays an important role in mediating pathogenic processes amenable to therapeutic intervention, depending on the disease. Based on the data collected in this study, we propose that current compound characteristics of BTK inhibitor drug candidates for the treatment of autoimmune diseases have achieved the selectivity, safety, and coverage requirements necessary to deliver therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth E Ringheim
- Clinical Pharmacology and Translational Medicine, Eisai Inc, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, United States
| | | | - Kinsi Oberoi
- Science Group, Clarivate, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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24
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Yang H, Liu X, Zhu X, Li X, Jiang L, Zhong M, Zhang M, Chen T, Ma M, Liang X, Lv K. CPVL promotes glioma progression via STAT1 pathway inhibition through interactions with the BTK/p300 axis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146362. [PMID: 34784299 PMCID: PMC8783677 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CPVL (carboxypeptidase, vitellogenic-like) is a serine carboxypeptidase that was first characterized in human macrophages. However, the function of CPVL remains unclear in a variety of tumors. The quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blotting, and IHC assays were utilized to measure the CPVL expression. CPVL was significantly upregulated in glioma cells and tissues compared with normal cells and tissues, respectively. Moreover, high CPVL expression was correlated with advanced clinical grade and poor prognosis. Silencing of CPVL promoted glioma cell apoptosis, and it inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) demonstrated that CPVL silencing activated the IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling pathway, thereby inducing glioma cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, immunopurification, mass spectrometry, IP, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down experiments elucidated that CPVL physically interacts with Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and downregulates the STAT1 phosphorylation through promoting p300-mediated STAT1 acetylation. Our findings reveal the crucial role of CPVL in promoting the progression of glioma through suppressing STAT1 phosphorylation. CPVL might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaocen Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Tianbing Chen
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mingzhe Ma
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuming Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kun Lv
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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25
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Byun JY, Koh YT, Jang SY, Witcher JW, Chan JR, Pustilnik A, Daniels MJ, Kim YH, Suh KH, Linnik MD, Lee YM. Target modulation and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics translation of the BTK inhibitor poseltinib for model-informed phase II dose selection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18671. [PMID: 34548595 PMCID: PMC8455565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor poseltinib has been shown to inhibit the BCR signal transduction pathway and cytokine production in B cells (Park et al.Arthritis Res. Ther.18, 91, 10.1186/s13075-016-0988-z, 2016). This study describes the translation of nonclinical research studies to a phase I clinical trial in healthy volunteers in which pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) were evaluated for dose determination. The BTK protein kinase inhibitory effects of poseltinib in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were evaluated. High-dimensional phosphorylation analysis was conducted on human immune cells such as B cells, CD8 + memory cells, CD4 + memory cells, NK cells, neutrophils, and monocytes, to map the impact of poseltinib on BTK/PLC and AKT signaling pathways. PK and PD profiles were evaluated in a first-in-human study in healthy donors, and a PK/PD model was established based on BTK occupancy. Poseltinib bound to the BTK protein and modulated BTK phosphorylation in human PBMCs. High-dimensional phosphorylation analysis of 94 nodes showed that poseltinib had the highest impact on anti-IgM + CD40L stimulated B cells, however, lower impacts on anti-CD3/CD-28 stimulated T cells, IL-2 stimulated CD4 + T cells and NK cells, M-CSF stimulated monocytes, or LPS-induced granulocytes. In anti-IgM + CD40L stimulated B cells, poseltinib inhibited the phosphorylation of BTK, AKT, and PLCγ2. Moreover, poseltinib dose dependently improved arthritis disease severity in CIA rat model. In a clinical phase I trial for healthy volunteers, poseltinib exhibited dose-dependent and persistent BTK occupancy in PBMCs of all poseltinib-administrated patients in the study. More than 80% of BTK occupancy at 40 mg dosing was maintained for up to 48 h after the first dose. A first-in-human healthy volunteer study of poseltinib established target engagement with circulating BTK protein. Desirable PK and PD properties were observed, and a modeling approach was used for rational dose selection for subsequent trials. Poseltinib was confirmed as a potential BTK inhibitor for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Trial registration: This article includes the results of a clinical intervention on human participants [NCT01765478].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yun Byun
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd., 14 Wiryeseong-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05545, Korea
| | - Yi T Koh
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10290 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, 92121, USA
| | - Sun Young Jang
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd., 14 Wiryeseong-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05545, Korea
| | - Jennifer W Witcher
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10290 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, 92121, USA
| | - Jason R Chan
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10290 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, 92121, USA
| | - Anna Pustilnik
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10290 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, 92121, USA
| | - Mark J Daniels
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10290 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, 92121, USA
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd., 14 Wiryeseong-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05545, Korea
| | - Kwee Hyun Suh
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd., 14 Wiryeseong-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05545, Korea
| | - Matthew D Linnik
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10290 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, 92121, USA.
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd., 14 Wiryeseong-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05545, Korea.
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26
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Zhao J, Chen J, Li YY, Xia LL, Wu YG. Bruton's tyrosine kinase regulates macrophage‑induced inflammation in the diabetic kidney via NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:177. [PMID: 34278465 PMCID: PMC8354311 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously reported that macrophages may be involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN) development. Furthermore, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) may participate in macrophage activation and lead to the release of inflammatory mediators. The main aim of the present study was to analyze the association between renal BTK expression and clinical indicators. Moreover, BTK knockout mice were used to establish a diabetic model for further research. The results demonstrated that BTK was activated in the kidneys of patients with DN and was associated with the progression of proteinuria, creatinine levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate and pathological changes in the kidneys of patients with DN. Furthermore, BTK knockout was observed to reduce urinary protein excretion, alleviate renal injury and decrease renal inflammation in diabetic mice. This protection may be attributed to BTK‑induced suppression of the activation of the Nod‑like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome. Collectively, it has been demonstrated in the present study that BTK may be a potential target for DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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27
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Zain R, Vihinen M. Structure-Function Relationships of Covalent and Non-Covalent BTK Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694853. [PMID: 34349760 PMCID: PMC8328433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular weight chemical compounds have a longstanding history as drugs. Target specificity and binding efficiency represent major obstacles for small molecules to become clinically relevant. Protein kinases are attractive cellular targets; however, they are challenging because they present one of the largest protein families and share structural similarities. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase, has received much attention as a promising target for the treatment of B-cell malignancies and more recently autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here we describe the structural properties and binding modes of small-molecule BTK inhibitors, including irreversible and reversible inhibitors. Covalently binding compounds, such as ibrutinib, acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib, are discussed along with non-covalent inhibitors fenebrutinib and RN486. The focus of this review is on structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mauno Vihinen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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28
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Wang X, Kokabee L, Kokabee M, Conklin DS. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase and Its Isoforms in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668996. [PMID: 34307353 PMCID: PMC8297165 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a soluble tyrosine kinase with central roles in the development, maturation, and signaling of B cells. BTK has been found to regulate cell proliferation, survival, and migration in various B-cell malignancies. Targeting BTK with recently developed BTK inhibitors has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of several hematological malignancies and has transformed the treatment of several B-cell malignancies. The roles that BTK plays in B cells have been appreciated for some time. Recent studies have established that BTK is expressed and plays pro-tumorigenic roles in several epithelial cancers. In this review, we focus on novel isoforms of the BTK protein expressed in epithelial cancers. We review recent work on the expression, function, and signaling of these isoforms and their value as potential therapeutic targets in epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Leila Kokabee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Mostafa Kokabee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Douglas S Conklin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
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29
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Fleischmann R. The Results of Well-conducted Negative Clinical Trials Should Be Reported in a Peer-reviewed Journal. J Rheumatol 2021; 48:957-959. [PMID: 33858981 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.201622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We expect that the pathogenesis, manifestations, and successful management of disease will be fully reported in peer-reviewed journals. However, there are multiple publications addressing the likelihood that clinical trials that do not report a positive result are underreported in the medical literature, with a maximum of 50% of negative studies published, even after 5 years of availability of their results1,2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Fleischmann
- R. Fleischmann, Clinical Professor of Medicine, MD, Metroplex Clinical Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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30
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Estupiñán HY, Berglöf A, Zain R, Smith CIE. Comparative Analysis of BTK Inhibitors and Mechanisms Underlying Adverse Effects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:630942. [PMID: 33777941 PMCID: PMC7991787 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.630942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase BTK plays an essential role for differentiation and survival of B-lineage cells and, hence, represents a suitable drug target. The number of BTK inhibitors (BTKis) in the clinic has increased considerably and currently amounts to at least 22. First-in-class was ibrutinib, an irreversible binder forming a covalent bond to a cysteine in the catalytic region of the kinase, for which we have identified 228 active trials listed at ClinicalTrials.gov. Next-generation inhibitors, acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib, are approved both in the United States and in Europe, and zanubrutinib also in China, while tirabrutinib is currently only registered in Japan. In most cases, these compounds have been used for the treatment of B-lymphocyte tumors. However, an increasing number of trials instead addresses autoimmunity and inflammation in multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, pemphigus and systemic lupus erythematosus with the use of either irreversibly binding inhibitors, e.g., evobrutinib and tolebrutinib, or reversibly binding inhibitors, like fenebrutinib. Adverse effects (AEs) have predominantly implicated inhibition of other kinases with a BTKi-binding cysteine in their catalytic domain. Analysis of the reported AEs suggests that ibrutinib-associated atrial fibrillation is caused by binding to ERBB2/HER2 and ERBB4/HER4. However, the binding pattern of BTKis to various additional kinases does not correlate with the common assumption that skin manifestations and diarrhoeas are off-target effects related to EGF receptor inhibition. Moreover, dermatological toxicities, diarrhoea, bleedings and invasive fungal infections often develop early after BTKi treatment initiation and subsequently subside. Conversely, cardiovascular AEs, like hypertension and various forms of heart disease, often persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yesid Estupiñán
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Anna Berglöf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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Estupiñán HY, Wang Q, Berglöf A, Schaafsma GCP, Shi Y, Zhou L, Mohammad DK, Yu L, Vihinen M, Zain R, Smith CIE. BTK gatekeeper residue variation combined with cysteine 481 substitution causes super-resistance to irreversible inhibitors acalabrutinib, ibrutinib and zanubrutinib. Leukemia 2021; 35:1317-1329. [PMID: 33526860 PMCID: PMC8102192 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), pioneered by ibrutinib, have become breakthrough drugs in the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas. Resistance variants (mutations) occur, but in contrast to those identified for many other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, they affect less frequently the "gatekeeper" residue in the catalytic domain. In this study we carried out variation scanning by creating 11 substitutions at the gatekeeper amino acid, threonine 474 (T474). These variants were subsequently combined with replacement of the cysteine 481 residue to which irreversible inhibitors, such as ibrutinib, acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib, bind. We found that certain double mutants, such as threonine 474 to isoleucine (T474I) or methionine (T474M) combined with catalytically active cysteine 481 to serine (C481S), are insensitive to ≥16-fold the pharmacological serum concentration, and therefore defined as super-resistant to irreversible inhibitors. Conversely, reversible inhibitors showed a variable pattern, from resistance to no resistance, collectively demonstrating the structural constraints for different classes of inhibitors, which may affect their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Yesid Estupiñán
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden ,grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002 Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Qing Wang
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Berglöf
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Gerard C. P. Schaafsma
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yuye Shi
- Department of Hematology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 223300 Jiangsu Republic of China
| | - Litao Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 223300 Jiangsu Republic of China
| | - Dara K. Mohammad
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.444950.8College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil, 44002 Erbil, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hematology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 223300 Jiangsu Republic of China
| | - Mauno Vihinen
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rula Zain
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. I. Edvard Smith
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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Forster M, Liang XJ, Schröder M, Gerstenecker S, Chaikuad A, Knapp S, Laufer S, Gehringer M. Discovery of a Novel Class of Covalent Dual Inhibitors Targeting the Protein Kinases BMX and BTK. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9269. [PMID: 33291717 PMCID: PMC7730235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine TEC kinases are key regulators of the immune system and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diverse hematological malignancies. In contrast to the substantial efforts in inhibitor development for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), specific inhibitors of the other TEC kinases, including the bone marrow tyrosine kinase on chromosome X (BMX), remain sparse. Here we present a novel class of dual BMX/BTK inhibitors, which were designed from irreversible inhibitors of Janus kinase (JAK) 3 targeting a cysteine located within the solvent-exposed front region of the ATP binding pocket. Structure-guided design exploiting the differences in the gatekeeper residues enabled the achievement of high selectivity over JAK3 and certain other kinases harboring a sterically demanding residue at this position. The most active compounds inhibited BMX and BTK with apparent IC50 values in the single digit nanomolar range or below showing moderate selectivity within the TEC family and potent cellular target engagement. These compounds represent an important first step towards selective chemical probes for the protein kinase BMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Forster
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.F.); (X.J.L.); (S.G.); (S.L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) ‘Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaojun Julia Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.F.); (X.J.L.); (S.G.); (S.L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) ‘Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schröder
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.); (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Gerstenecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.F.); (X.J.L.); (S.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.); (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.); (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI) and German Translational Cancer Network (DKTK) Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.F.); (X.J.L.); (S.G.); (S.L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) ‘Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery (TüCAD2), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.F.); (X.J.L.); (S.G.); (S.L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) ‘Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Cho H, Lee E, Kwon HA, Seul L, Jeon HJ, Yu JH, Ryu JH, Jeon R. Discovery of Tricyclic Pyranochromenone as Novel Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors with in Vivo Antirheumatic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217919. [PMID: 33113810 PMCID: PMC7663272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an attractive target for treating patients with B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Many BTK inhibitors have been identified; however, like other kinase inhibitors, they lack diversity in their core structures. Therefore, it is important to secure a novel scaffold that occupies the adenine-binding site of BTK. We screened an in-house library of natural products and their analogs via a biochemical assay to identify a novel scaffold for targeting BTK. A pyranochromenone scaffold, derived from a natural active component decursin, was found to be effective at targeting BTK and was selected for further optimization. A series of pyranochromenone analogs was synthesized through the modification of pyranochromenone at the C7 position. Pyranochromenone compounds with an electrophilic warhead exhibited promising BTK inhibitory activity, with IC50 values in the range of 0.5–0.9 µM. A docking study of the representative compound 8 provided a reasonable explanation for compound activity. Compound 8 demonstrated good selectivity over other associated kinases and decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines in THP cells. Moreover, compound 8 presented significant in vivo efficacy in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (H.C.); (E.L.); (H.A.K.); (J.-H.R.)
| | - Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (H.C.); (E.L.); (H.A.K.); (J.-H.R.)
| | - Hye Ah Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (H.C.); (E.L.); (H.A.K.); (J.-H.R.)
| | - Lee Seul
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (L.S.); (H.-J.J.); (J.H.Y.)
| | - Hui-Jeon Jeon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (L.S.); (H.-J.J.); (J.H.Y.)
| | - Ji Hoon Yu
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (L.S.); (H.-J.J.); (J.H.Y.)
| | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (H.C.); (E.L.); (H.A.K.); (J.-H.R.)
| | - Raok Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea; (H.C.); (E.L.); (H.A.K.); (J.-H.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-710-9571
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Skånland SS, Karlsen L, Taskén K. B cell signalling pathways-New targets for precision medicine in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12931. [PMID: 32640099 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The B cell receptor (BCR) is a master regulator of B cells, controlling cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and survival. Cell signalling downstream of the BCR is aberrantly activated in the B cell malignancy chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), supporting the pathophysiology of the disease. This insight has led to development and approval of small molecule inhibitors that target components of the BCR pathway. These advances have greatly improved the management of CLL, but the disease remains incurable. This may partly be explained by the inter-patient heterogeneity of the disease, also when it comes to treatment responses. Precision medicine is therefore required to optimize treatment and move towards a cure. Here, we discuss how the introduction of BCR signalling inhibitors has facilitated the development of functional in vitro assays to guide clinical treatment decisions on use of the same therapeutic agents in individual patients. The cellular responses to these agents can be analysed in high-throughput assays such as dynamic BH3 profiling, phospho flow experiments and drug sensitivity screens to identify predictive biomarkers. This progress exemplifies the positive synergy between basal and translational research needed to optimize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid S Skånland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Karlsen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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35
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Seixas JD, Sousa BB, Marques MC, Guerreiro A, Traquete R, Rodrigues T, Albuquerque IS, Sousa MFQ, Lemos AR, Sousa PMF, Bandeiras TM, Wu D, Doyle SK, Robinson CV, Koehler AN, Corzana F, Matias PM, Bernardes GJL. Structural and biophysical insights into the mode of covalent binding of rationally designed potent BMX inhibitors. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:251-262. [PMID: 34458764 PMCID: PMC8341910 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow tyrosine kinase in chromosome X (BMX) is pursued as a drug target because of its role in various pathophysiological processes. We designed BMX covalent inhibitors with single-digit nanomolar potency with unexploited topological pharmacophore patterns. Importantly, we reveal the first X-ray crystal structure of covalently inhibited BMX at Cys496, which displays key interactions with Lys445, responsible for hampering ATP catalysis and the DFG-out-like motif, typical of an inactive conformation. Molecular dynamic simulations also showed this interaction for two ligand/BMX complexes. Kinome selectivity profiling showed that the most potent compound is the strongest binder, displays intracellular target engagement in BMX-transfected cells with two-digit nanomolar inhibitory potency, and leads to BMX degradation PC3 in cells. The new inhibitors displayed anti-proliferative effects in androgen-receptor positive prostate cancer cells that where further increased when combined with known inhibitors of related signaling pathways, such as PI3K, AKT and Androgen Receptor. We expect these findings to guide development of new selective BMX therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- João D Seixas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Professor Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Bárbara B Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Professor Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da República EAN 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Marta C Marques
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Professor Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Ana Guerreiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Professor Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Rui Traquete
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Professor Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Professor Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Inês S Albuquerque
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Professor Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Marcos F Q Sousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da República EAN 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
- IBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Av. da República EAN 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Ana R Lemos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da República EAN 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
- IBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Av. da República EAN 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Pedro M F Sousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da República EAN 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
- IBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Av. da República EAN 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Tiago M Bandeiras
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da República EAN 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
- IBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Av. da República EAN 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Shelby K Doyle
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Angela N Koehler
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Pedro M Matias
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da República EAN 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
- IBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Av. da República EAN 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Professor Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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Impact of amino acid substitution in the kinase domain of Bruton tyrosine kinase and its association with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2399-2408. [PMID: 32784026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a rare disease that affects the immune system, characterized by a serial development of bacterial infection from the onset of infantile age. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor cytoplasmic kinase that plays a crucial role in the B-lymphocyte maturation. The altered expression, mutation and/or structural variations of BTK are responsible for causing XLA. Here, we have performed extensive sequence and structure analyses of BTK to find deleterious variations and their pathogenic association with XLA. First, we screened the pathogenic variations in the BTK from a pool of publicly available resources, and their pathogenicity/tolerance and stability predictions were carried out. Finally, two pathogenic variations (E589G and M630K) were studied in detail and subjected to all-atom molecular dynamics simulation for 200 ns. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds (H-bonds), secondary structure, and principal component analysis revealed significant conformational changes in variants that support the structural basis of BTK dysfunction in XLA. The free energy landscape analysis revealed the presence of multiple energy minima, suggests that E589G brings a large destabilization and consequently unfolding behavior compared to M630K. Overall, our study suggests that amino acid substitutions, E589G, and M630K, significantly alter the structural conformation and stability of BTK.
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Cohen S, Tuckwell K, Katsumoto TR, Zhao R, Galanter J, Lee C, Rae J, Toth B, Ramamoorthi N, Hackney JA, Berman A, Damjanov N, Fedkov D, Jeka S, Chinn LW, Townsend MJ, Morimoto AM, Genovese MC. Fenebrutinib versus Placebo or Adalimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase II Trial (ANDES Study). Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1435-1446. [PMID: 32270926 PMCID: PMC7496340 DOI: 10.1002/art.41275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate fenebrutinib, an oral and highly selective non-covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Patients with RA and inadequate response to methotrexate (cohort 1, n=480) were randomized to fenebrutinib (50 mg once daily, 150 mg once daily, 200 mg twice daily), 40 mg adalimumab every other week, or placebo. Patients with RA and inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (cohort 2, n=98) received fenebrutinib (200 mg twice daily) or placebo. Both cohorts continued methotrexate therapy. RESULTS In cohort 1, American College of Rheumatology scores (ACR50) at week 12 were similar for fenebrutinib 50 mg once daily and placebo, and higher for fenebrutinib 150 mg once daily (28%) and 200 mg twice daily (35%) than placebo (15%) (p=0.017; p=0.0003). Fenebrutinib 200 mg twice daily and adalimumab (36%) were comparable (p=0.81). In cohort 2, more patients achieved ACR50 with fenebrutinib 200 mg twice daily (25%) than placebo (12%) (p=0.072). The most common adverse events for fenebrutinib included nausea, headache, anemia, and upper respiratory tract infections. Fenebrutinib had significant effects on myeloid and B cell biomarkers (CCL4 and rheumatoid factor). Fenebrutinib and adalimumab caused overlapping as well as distinct changes in B cell and myeloid biomarkers. CONCLUSION Fenebrutinib demonstrated efficacy comparable to adalimumab in patients with an inadequate response to methotrexate, and safety consistent with existing immunomodulatory therapies for RA. These data support targeting both B and myeloid cells via this novel mechanism for potential efficacy in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rui Zhao
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCalifornia
| | | | - Chin Lee
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Julie Rae
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Balazs Toth
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCalifornia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Slawomir Jeka
- Collegium Medicum Jan Biziel University Hospital no 2BydgoszczPoland
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Angst D, Gessier F, Janser P, Vulpetti A, Wälchli R, Beerli C, Littlewood-Evans A, Dawson J, Nuesslein-Hildesheim B, Wieczorek G, Gutmann S, Scheufler C, Hinniger A, Zimmerlin A, Funhoff EG, Pulz R, Cenni B. Discovery of LOU064 (Remibrutinib), a Potent and Highly Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5102-5118. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ye B, Zhou C, Guo H, Zheng M. Effects of BTK signalling in pathogenic microorganism infections. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6522-6529. [PMID: 31397086 PMCID: PMC6787465 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is widely considered as a vital kinase in many aspects of different physiologic processes. It is engaged in many important signalling pathways related to the immune response, such as the B cell receptor pathway, pattern-recognition receptor pathway, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell pathway. Recent studies have increasingly focused on the important role of Btk in various inflammatory diseases, which are related to Btk expression in myeloid innate immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils. Although some investigations have explored the role of Btk in microbial infections, many aspects remain elusive, and some of the results are opposite and controversial. Considering the complicated and multiple roles of Btk in the immune system, we summarized the engagement of Btk signalling in various pathogenic microorganism infections, the possible mechanisms involved and its therapeutic potential in the control of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjue Ye
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhouChina
| | - Huiting Guo
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhouChina
| | - Min Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesHangzhouChina
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40
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Andersen TCB, Kristiansen PE, Huszenicza Z, Johansson MU, Gopalakrishnan RP, Kjelstrup H, Boyken S, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, Granum S, Sørli M, Backe PH, Fulton DB, Karlsson BG, Andreotti AH, Spurkland A. The SH3 domains of the protein kinases ITK and LCK compete for adjacent sites on T cell-specific adapter protein. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15480-15494. [PMID: 31484725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell activation requires stimulation of specific intracellular signaling pathways in which protein-tyrosine kinases, phosphatases, and adapter proteins interact to transmit signals from the T-cell receptor to the nucleus. Interactions of LCK proto-oncogene, SRC family tyrosine kinase (LCK), and the IL-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK) with the T cell-specific adapter protein (TSAD) promotes LCK-mediated phosphorylation and thereby ITK activation. Both ITK and LCK interact with TSAD's proline-rich region (PRR) through their Src homology 3 (SH3) domains. Whereas LCK may also interact with TSAD through its SH2 domain, ITK interacts with TSAD only through its SH3 domain. To begin to understand on a molecular level how the LCK SH3 and ITK SH3 domains interact with TSAD in human HEK293T cells, here we combined biochemical analyses with NMR spectroscopy. We found that the ITK and LCK SH3 domains potentially have adjacent and overlapping binding sites within the TSAD PRR amino acids (aa) 239-274. Pulldown experiments and NMR spectroscopy revealed that both domains may bind to TSAD aa 239-256 and aa 257-274. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments further revealed that both domains may also bind simultaneously to TSAD aa 242-268. Accordingly, NMR spectroscopy indicated that the SH3 domains may compete for these two adjacent binding sites. We propose that once the associations of ITK and LCK with TSAD promote the ITK and LCK interaction, the interactions among TSAD, ITK, and LCK are dynamically altered by ITK phosphorylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorny Cesilie Bie Andersen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Zsuzsa Huszenicza
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria U Johansson
- Swedish NMR Centre at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
| | | | - Hanna Kjelstrup
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Scott Boyken
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1079
| | - Vibeke Sundvold-Gjerstad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Granum
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Sørli
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Paul Hoff Backe
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - D Bruce Fulton
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1079
| | - B Göran Karlsson
- Swedish NMR Centre at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden
| | - Amy H Andreotti
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1079
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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Targeting Tyrosine Kinases in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Why, Who and How? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143429. [PMID: 31336846 PMCID: PMC6679203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a myeloid malignancy carrying a heterogeneous molecular panel of mutations participating in the blockade of differentiation and the increased proliferation of myeloid hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The historical "3 + 7" treatment (cytarabine and daunorubicin) is currently challenged by new therapeutic strategies, including drugs depending on the molecular landscape of AML. This panel of mutations makes it possible to combine some of these new treatments with conventional chemotherapy. For example, the FLT3 receptor is overexpressed or mutated in 80% or 30% of AML, respectively. Such anomalies have led to the development of targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this review, we document the history of TKI targeting, FLT3 and several other tyrosine kinases involved in dysregulated signaling pathways.
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Izumi K, Bieber K, Ludwig RJ. Current Clinical Trials in Pemphigus and Pemphigoid. Front Immunol 2019; 10:978. [PMID: 31130959 PMCID: PMC6509547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune bullous dermatoses (AIBDs) are a group of rare chronic inflammatory skin diseases, which clinically manifest as blisters and erosions of the skin and/or mucosa. Immunologically, AIBDs are characterized and caused by autoantibodies targeting adhesion molecules in the skin and mucosa. According to the histological location of the blistering, AIBDs are classified into the following two main subtypes: pemphigus (intraepidermal blistering) and pemphigoid (subepidermal blistering). Most AIBDs were potentially life-threatening diseases before the advent of immunosuppressive drugs, especially systemic steroid therapies, which suppress pathogenic immunological activity. Although there have been recent advancements in the understanding of the pathogenesis of AIBDs, glucocorticosteroids and/or adjuvant immunosuppressive drugs are still needed to control disease activity. However, the long-term use of systemic immunosuppression is associated with major adverse events, including death. Based on the growing understanding of AIBD pathogenesis, novel treatment targets have emerged, some of which are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Within this article, we review the current clinical trials involving pemphigus and pemphigoid and discuss the rationale that lead to these trials. Overall, we aim to foster insights into translational research in AIBDs to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Izumi
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Han X, Zhang J, Shi D, Wu Y, Liu R, Liu T, Xu J, Yao X, Fang J. Targeting Thioredoxin Reductase by Ibrutinib Promotes Apoptosis of SMMC-7721 Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:212-222. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.254862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Sala L, Cirillo G, Riva G, Romano G, Giussani C, Cialdella A, Todisco A, Virtuoso A, Cerrito MG, Bentivegna A, Grassilli E, Ardizzoia A, Bonoldi E, Giovannoni R, Papa M, Lavitrano M. Specific Expression of a New Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Isoform (p65BTK) in the Glioblastoma Gemistocytic Histotype. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:2. [PMID: 30733667 PMCID: PMC6353843 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine-kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase recently associated with glioma tumorigenesis and a novel prognostic marker for poor survival in patients with glioma. The p65BTK is a novel BTK isoform involved in different pathways of drug resistance of solid tumors, thus we aimed to investigate the expression and the putative role of p65BTK in tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). We selected a large cohort of patients with glial tumors (n = 71) and analyzed the expression of p65BTK in different histotypes and correlation with clinical parameters. Sections were stained with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), p53, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), S100, vimentin, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) antibodies. Glioma stem cell (GSC) lines, isolated from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), were treated with different concentrations of ibrutinib, a specific inhibitor of BTK, in order to evaluate their metabolic activity, mitotic index and mortality. Moreover, an orthotopic xenotransplant of GSC from human GBM was used to evaluate the expression of p65BTK in the brain of immunodeficient mice. p65BTK was expressed in GSC and in gemistocytes in human gliomas at different histological grade. We found a significant correlation between BTK expression and low-grade (LG) tumors (p ≤ 0.05) and overall survival (OS) of patients with grade III gliomas (p ≤ 0.05), suggestive of worst prognosis. Interestingly, the expression of p65BTK remained restricted exclusively to gemistocytic cells in the xenograft mouse model. Ibrutinib administration significantly reduced metabolic activity and mitotic index and increased mortality in GSC, highlighting the specific role of p65BTK in cell proliferation and survival. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that p65BTK is expressed in glioma tumors, restricted to gemistocytic cells, has a key role in GSC and has a bad prognostic value, thus highlighting the importance of future research for targeted therapy of human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sala
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cirillo
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Romano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Giussani
- Unit of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Todisco
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Virtuoso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Grassilli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Giovannoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Michele Papa
- Laboratory of Neuronal Networks, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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45
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Fathi NN, Mohammad DK, Görgens A, Andaloussi SE, Zain R, Nore BF, Smith CIE. Translocation-generated ITK-FER and ITK-SYK fusions induce STAT3 phosphorylation and CD69 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:749-752. [PMID: 30217447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer types carry mutations in protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and such alterations frequently drive tumor progression. One category is gene translocation of PTKs yielding chimeric proteins with transforming capacity. In this study, we characterized the role of ITK-FER [Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) gene fused with Feline Encephalitis Virus-Related kinase (FER) gene] and ITK-SYK [Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) gene fused with the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK)] in Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma (PTCL) signaling. We observed an induction of tyrosine phosphorylation events in the presence of both ITK-FER and ITK-SYK. The downstream targets of ITK-FER and ITK-SYK were explored and STAT3 was found to be highly phosphorylated by these fusion kinases. In addition, the CD69 T-cell activation marker was significantly elevated. Apart from tyrosine kinase inhibitors acting directly on the fusions, we believe that drugs acting on downstream targets could serve as alternative cancer therapies for fusion PTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen N Fathi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - Dara K Mohammad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, 44002, Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre for Rare Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beston F Nore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq.
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden.
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46
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Yosef A, Touloukian EZ, Nambudiri VE. Ibrutinib in the management of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2018; 25:434-441. [PMID: 29996737 DOI: 10.1177/1078155218786037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase plays a critical role in hastening cell proliferation. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors are a class of immunotheraputic agents that disrupt this signaling pathway. Ibrutinib, a novel Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia in patients who have failed treatment with other agents, has emerged as an important therapeutic agent in the management of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and other plasma cell dyscrasias. Ibrutinib has shown to increase progression free survival and improve overall mortality. We present a review of ibrutinib, beginning with an overview of the Bruton tyrosine kinase pathway and clinically relevant gene mutations impacting treatment and prognosis for patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, followed by evidence supporting therapeutic indications for ibrutinib, and detailing its safety and efficacy evidence, current clinical guidelines, adverse effects and their management, and finally challenges of drug resistance. We also present findings on newly developed Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the therapeutic pipeline to provide readers insight into this rapidly evolving corner of oncology pharmacy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Yosef
- Grand Strand Regional Medical Center, Myrtle Beach, USA
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47
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Zhang Z, Zhang D, Liu Y, Yang D, Ran F, Wang ML, Zhao G. Targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase for the treatment of B cell associated malignancies and autoimmune diseases: Preclinical and clinical developments of small molecule inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1700369. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong P.R. China
| | - Daoguang Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong P.R. China
| | - Fansheng Ran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong P.R. China
| | - Michael L. Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Guisen Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan Shandong P.R. China
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48
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Xue Y, Song P, Song Z, Wang A, Tong L, Geng M, Ding J, Liu Q, Sun L, Xie H, Zhang A. Discovery of 4,7-Diamino-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-6-methylene-pyrimido[5,4-b]pyrrolizines as Novel Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4608-4627. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peiran Song
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | - Aoli Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | | | - Meiyu Geng
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jian Ding
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Xie
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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49
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Li Y, Cui N, Zheng PS, Yang WT. BMX/Etk promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenicity of cervical cancer cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49238-49252. [PMID: 28514765 PMCID: PMC5564764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow X-linked kinase (BMX, also known as Etk) has been reported to be involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in several types of tumors, but its role in cervical carcinoma remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that BMX expression exhibits a gradually increasing trend from normal cervical tissue to cervical cancer in situ and then to invasive cervical cancer tissue. Through BMX-IN-1, a potent and irreversible BMX kinase inhibitor, inhibited the expression of BMX, the cell proliferation was significantly decreased. Knockdown of BMX in HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines using two different silencing technologies, TALEN and shRNA, inhibited cell growth in vitro and suppressed xenograft tumor formation in vivo, whereas overexpression of BMX in the cell line C-33A significantly increased cell proliferation. Furthermore, a mechanism study showed that silencing BMX blocked cell cycle transit from G0/G1 to S or G2/M phase, and knockdown of BMX inhibited the expression of p-AKT and p-STAT3. These results suggested that BMX can promote cell proliferation through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 signaling pathways in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Cui
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ting Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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50
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Lima AM, Wegner SV, Martins Cavaco AC, Estevão-Costa MI, Sanz-Soler R, Niland S, Nosov G, Klingauf J, Spatz JP, Eble JA. The spatial molecular pattern of integrin recognition sites and their immobilization to colloidal nanobeads determine α2β1 integrin-dependent platelet activation. Biomaterials 2018; 167:107-120. [PMID: 29567387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Collagen, a strong platelet activator, is recognized by integrin α2β1 and GPVI. It induces aggregation, if added to suspended platelets, or platelet adhesion if immobilized to a surface. The recombinant non-prolylhydroxylated mini-collagen FC3 triple helix containing one α2β1 integrin binding site is a tool to specifically study how α2β1 integrin activates platelet. Whereas soluble FC3 monomers antagonistically block collagen-induced platelet activation, immobilization of several FC3 molecules to an interface or to colloidal nanobeads determines the agonistic action of FC3. Nanopatterning of FC3 reveals that intermolecular distances below 64 nm between α2β1 integrin binding sites trigger signaling through dot-like clusters of α2β1 integrin, which are visible in high resolution microscopy with dSTORM. Upon signaling, these integrin clusters increase in numbers per platelet, but retain their individual size. Immobilization of several FC3 to 100 nm-sized nanobeads identifies α2β1 integrin-triggered signaling in platelets to occur at a twentyfold slower rate than collagen, which activates platelet in a fast integrative signaling via different platelet receptors. As compared to collagen stimulation, FC3-nanobead-triggered signaling cause a significant stronger activation of the protein kinase BTK, a weak and dispensable activation of PDK1, as well as a distinct phosphorylation pattern of PDB/Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Martins Lima
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Seraphine V Wegner
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, and Max Plank-Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana C Martins Cavaco
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Maria Inacia Estevão-Costa
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Raquel Sanz-Soler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephan Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Georgii Nosov
- Institute for Physical Medicine and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Institute for Physical Medicine and Biophysics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, and Max Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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