1
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Li S, Shiri F, Xu G, Yiu SM, Lee HK, Ng TH, Lin Z, Lu Z. Reactivity of a Hexaaryldiboron(6) Dianion as Boryl Radical Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17348-17354. [PMID: 38864188 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Our study unveils a novel approach to accessing boryl radicals through the spontaneous homolytic cleavage of B-B bonds. We synthesized a hexaaryl-substituted diboron(6) dianion, 1, via the reductive B-B coupling of 9-borafluorene. Intriguingly, compound 1 exhibits the ability to undergo homolytic B-B bond cleavage, leading to the formation of boryl radical anions, as confirmed by EPR studies, in the presence of the 2.2.2-cryptand at room temperature. Moreover, it directly reacts with diphenylacetylene, producing an unprecedented 1,6-diborylated allene species, where the phenyl ring is dearomatized. Density functional theory computational studies suggest that homolytic B-B bond cleavage is favored in the reaction path, and the formation of the boryl radical anion is crucial for dearomatization. Additionally, it achieves the dearomative diborylation of anthracene and the activation of elemental sulfur/selenium under mild conditions. The borylation products have been successfully characterized by NMR spectra, HRMS, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Farshad Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Gan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Tik Hong Ng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhenpin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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2
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Guo Y, Torchon HS, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Han H, Petrukhina MA, Zhou Z. Stepwise deprotonation of truxene: structures, metal complexation, and charge-dependent optical properties. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13219-13227. [PMID: 38023520 PMCID: PMC10664571 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04885c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a planar subunit of C60-fullerene, truxene (C27H18) represents a highly symmetrical rigid hydrocarbon with strong blue emission. Herein, we used truxene as a model to investigate the chemical reactivity of a fullerene fragment with alkali metals. Monoanion, dianion, and trianion products with different alkali metal counterions were crystallized and fully characterized, revealing the core curvature dependence on charge and alkali metal coordination. Moreover, a 1proton nuclear magnetic resonance study coupled with computational analysis demonstrated that deprotonation of the aliphatic CH2 segments introduces aromaticity in the five-membered rings. Importantly, the UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence of truxenyl anions with different charges reveal intriguing charge-dependent optical properties, implying variation of the electronic structure based on the deprotonation process. An increase in aromaticity and π-conjugation yielded a red shift in the absorption and photoluminescent spectra; in particular, large Stokes shifts were observed in the truxenyl monoanion and dianion with high emission quantum yield and time of decay. Overall, stepwise deprotonation of truxene provides the first crystallographically characterized examples of truxenyl anions with three different charges and charge-dependent optical properties, pointing to their potential applications in carbon-based functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Herdya S Torchon
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zhenyi Zhang
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Haixiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
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3
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Gu Y, Torchon HS, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Schollmeyer D, Wagner M, Ni Y, Wu Z, Wu H, Zhou Y, Qiu Z, Petrukhina MA, Müllen K. Twisted Diindeno-Fused Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene Derivatives and their Dianions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307750. [PMID: 37365137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile synthesis of diindeno-fused dibenzo[a,h]anthracene derivatives (DIDBA-2Cl, DIDBA-2Ph, and DIDBA-2H) with different degrees of non-planarity using three substituents (chloro, phenyl, and hydrogen) of various sizes. The planarization of their cores, as evidenced by the decreased end-to-end torsional angles, was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Their enhanced energy gaps with twisting were investigated by a combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical methods with density functional theory, which showed a transition from singlet open-shell to closed-shell configuration. Moreover, their doubly reduced states, DIDBA-2Ph2- and DIDBA-2H2- , were achieved by chemical reduction. The structures of dianions were identified by X-ray crystallographic analysis, which elucidated that the electron charging further distorted the backbones. The electronic structure of the dianions was demonstrated by experimental and theoretical approaches, suggesting decreased energy gaps with larger non-planarity, different from the neutral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Herdya S Torchon
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zehua Wu
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hao Wu
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yazhou Zhou
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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4
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Pennachio M, Zhou Z, Wei Z, Tsybizova A, Gershoni-Poranne R, Petrukhina MA. Interplay of Charge and Aromaticity Upon Chemical Reduction of p-Quinquephenyl with Alkali Metals. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pennachio
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao’an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Alexandra Tsybizova
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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5
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Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Fernández-García JM, Wei Z, Fernández I, Petrukhina MA, Martín N. Stepwise reduction of a corannulene-based helical molecular nanographene with Na metal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5574-5577. [PMID: 35353101 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00971d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of a corannulene-based molecular nanographene, C76H64 (1), with Na metal in the presence of 18-crown-6 afforded the doubly-reduced state of 1. This reduction provokes a distortion of the helicene core and has a significant impact on the aromaticity of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany, NY 12222, USA. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Zhou Z, Fernández‐García JM, Zhu Y, Evans PJ, Rodríguez R, Crassous J, Wei Z, Fernández I, Petrukhina MA, Martín N. Site‐Specific Reduction‐Induced Hydrogenation of a Helical Bilayer Nanographene with K and Rb Metals: Electron Multiaddition and Selective Rb
+
Complexation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University 4800 Cao'an Road Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Jesús M. Fernández‐García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Paul J. Evans
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS—Univ. Rennes Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS—Univ. Rennes Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Faraday, 9 28049 Madrid Spain
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7
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Pennachio M, Zhou Z, Wei Z, Liu S, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Doubly-Reduced Pentacene in Different Coordination Environments: X-ray Crystallographic and Theoretical Insights into Structural and Electronic Changes. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104194. [PMID: 34890088 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reduction of pentacene (C22H14, 1) with Group 1 metals ranging from Li to Cs revealed that 1 readily undergoes a two-fold reduction to afford a doubly-reduced 12- anion in THF. With the help of 18-crown-6 ether used as a secondary coordinating agent, five π-complexes of 12- with different alkali metal counterions have been isolated and fully characterized. This series of complexes enables the first evaluation of alkali-metal ion binding patterns and structural changes of the 12- dianion based on the crystallographically confirmed examples. The difference in coordination of the smallest Li+ ion vs. heavier Group 1 congeners has been demonstrated. In addition, the use of benzo-15-crown-5 in the reaction of 1 with Na metal allowed the isolation of the unique solvent-separated ion product with a "naked" dianion, 12-. The detailed structural analyses of the series revealed the C-C bond alteration and core deformation of pentacene upon two-fold reduction and complexation. The negative charge localization at the central six-membered ring of 12- identified by theoretical calculations corroborates with the X-ray crystallographic results. Subsequent in-depth theoretical analysis provided a detailed description of changes in the electronic structure and aromaticity of pentacene upon reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zheng Zhou
- University at Albany, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Zheng Wei
- University at Albany, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Marina A Petrukhina
- University of Albany, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, 12222, Albany, UNITED STATES
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8
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Zhou Z, Fernández-García JM, Zhu Y, Evans PJ, Rodríguez R, Crassous J, Wei Z, Fernández I, Petrukhina MA, Martín N. Site-Specific Reduction-Induced Hydrogenation of a Helical Bilayer Nanographene with K and Rb Metals: Electron Multiaddition and Selective Rb + Complexation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115747. [PMID: 34875130 PMCID: PMC9300088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of π‐conjugated bilayer nanographene 1 (C138H120) with K and Rb in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 affords [K+(18‐crown‐6)(THF)2][{K+(18‐crown‐6)}2(THF)0.5][C138H1223−] (2) and [Rb+(18‐crown‐6)2][{Rb+(18‐crown‐6)}2(C138H1223−)] (3). Whereas K+ cations are fully solvent‐separated from the trianionic core thus affording a “naked” 1.3− anion, Rb+ cations are coordinated to the negatively charged layers of 1.3−. According to DFT calculations, the localization of the first two electrons in the helicene moiety leads to an unprecedented site‐specific hydrogenation process at the carbon atoms located on the edge of the helicene backbone. This uncommon reduction‐induced site‐specific hydrogenation provokes dramatic changes in the (electronic) structure of 1 as the helicene backbone becomes more compressed and twisted upon chemical reduction, which results in a clear slippage of the bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Paul J Evans
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Univ. Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Univ. Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Faraday, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Spisak SN, Zhou Z, Liu S, Xu Q, Wei Z, Kato K, Segawa Y, Itami K, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Stepwise Generation of Mono‐, Di‐, and Triply‐Reduced Warped Nanographenes: Charge‐Dependent Aromaticity, Surface Nonequivalence, Swing Distortion, and Metal Binding Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Kenta Kato
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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10
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Spisak SN, Zhou Z, Liu S, Xu Q, Wei Z, Kato K, Segawa Y, Itami K, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Stepwise Generation of Mono-, Di-, and Triply-Reduced Warped Nanographenes: Charge-Dependent Aromaticity, Surface Nonequivalence, Swing Distortion, and Metal Binding Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25445-25453. [PMID: 34554612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The stepwise chemical reduction of a molecular warped nanographene (WNG) having a negatively curved π-surface and defined C80 H30 composition with Cs metal used as the reducing and complexing agent allowed the isolation of three different reduced states with one, two, and three electrons added to its π-conjugated system. This provided a unique series of nanosized carbanions with increasing negative charge for in-depth structural analysis of consequences of controlled electron charging of non-planar nanographenes, using X-ray crystallographic and computational tools. The 3D molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps identified the negative charge localization at the central part of the WNG surface where selective coordination of Cs+ ions is confirmed crystallographically. In-depth theoretical investigation revealed a complex response of the WNG to the stepwise electron acquisition. The extended and contorted π-surface of the WNG undergoes subtle swinging distortions that are accompanied by notable changes in the electronic structure and site-dependent aromaticity of the resulting carbanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Kenta Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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11
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Li B, Yang C, Wang X, Li G, Peng W, Xiao H, Luo S, Xie S, Wu J, Zeng Z. Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Bisdibenzocorannulene in Multiple Redox States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19790-19796. [PMID: 33956394 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report an anti-folded bowl-shaped bisdibenzocorannulene (BDBC) featuring a new chair-cyclohexane-like hexagon as a bridge of two dibenzocorannulene moieties. The neutral compound showed multiple redox-active properties and could be converted to the corresponding redox states through chemical reduction or oxidation. Chemical reduction of BDBC by stoichiometric addition of metallic potassium in the presence of [18]crown-6 ether, provided a radical anion BDBC.- and a dianion BDBC2- , respectively; while chemical oxidation by silver hexafluoroantimonate(V), converted the neutral compound to an open-shell singlet diradical dication (BDBC.. )2+ . The structural consequences of both electron-reduction and oxidation were closely related to the release of ring-strain of the bowl-shaped π-scaffold and imposed steric hindrance of the hexagonal bridge. In addition, the unusual open-shell nature of the dication could mainly be attributed to the changing of localized antiaromaticity in the closed-shell structure to delocalized character in the biradical, and thus the emergence of weakly bonded π-electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wangwang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huiping Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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12
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Li B, Yang C, Wang X, Li G, Peng W, Xiao H, Luo S, Xie S, Wu J, Zeng Z. Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Bisdibenzocorannulene in Multiple Redox States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Wangwang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Huiping Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
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13
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Zhou Z, Wei Z, Hirao T, Amaya T, Petrukhina MA. Structural Consequences of Two-Fold Deprotonation of Sumanene: Embedding Two Cp-rings into a Nonplanar Carbon Framework. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8501, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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14
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Rogachev AY, Zhou Z, Liu S, Wei Z, Schaub TA, Jasti R, Petrukhina MA. Stretching [8]cycloparaphenylene with encapsulated potassium cations: structural and theoretical insights into core perturbation upon four-fold reduction and complexation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6526-6535. [PMID: 34040728 PMCID: PMC8132928 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00713k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequences of four-electron addition to [8]cycloparaphenylene ([8]CPP, 1) have been evaluated crystallographically, revealing a significant core deformation. The structural analysis exposes an elliptical distortion observed upon electron transfer, with the deformation parameter (D.P.) increased by 28% in comparison with neutral [8]CPP. The C-C bond length alteration pattern also indicates a quinoidal structural rearrangement upon four-fold reduction. The large internal cavity of [8]CPP4- allows the encapsulation of two {K+(THF)2} cationic moieties with two additional cations bound externally in the solid-state structure of [{K+(THF)2}4([8]CPP4-)]. The experimental structural data have been used as a benchmark for the comprehensive theoretical description of the geometric changes and electronic properties of the highly-charged [8]CPP4- nanohoop in comparison with its neutral parent. While neutral [8]CPP and the [8]CPP2- anion clearly show aromatic behavior of all six-membered rings, subsequent addition of two more electrons completely reverses their aromatic character to afford the highly-antiaromatic [8]CPP4- anion, as evidenced by structural, topological, and magnetic descriptors. The disentanglement of electron transfer from metal binding effects allowed their contributions to the overall core perturbation of the negatively-charged [8]CPP to be revealed. Consequently, the internal coordination of potassium cations is identified as the main driving force for drastic elliptic distortion of the macrocyclic framework upon reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Tobias A Schaub
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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15
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Zhu Y, Zhou Z, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA. Two-Fold Reduction of Dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene with Group 1 Metals: From Lithium to Cesium. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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16
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Zhou Z, Wei Z, Schaub TA, Jasti R, Petrukhina MA. Structural deformation and host-guest properties of doubly-reduced cycloparaphenylenes, [ n]CPPs 2- ( n = 6, 8, 10, and 12). Chem Sci 2020; 11:9395-9401. [PMID: 34094205 PMCID: PMC8161678 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03072d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical reduction of several cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) ranging in size from [8]CPP to [12]CPP has been investigated with potassium metal in THF. The X-ray diffraction characterization of the resulting doubly-reduced [n]CPPs provided a unique series of carbon nanohoops with increasing dimensions and core flexibility for the first comprehensive structural analysis. The consequences of electron acquisition by a [n]CPP core have been analyzed in comparison with the neutral parents. The addition of two electrons to the cyclic carbon framework of [n]CPPs leads to the characteristic elliptic core distortion and facilitates the internal encapsulation of sizable cationic guests. Molecular and solid-state structure changes, alkali metal binding and unique size-dependent host abilities of the [n]CPP2- series with n = 6-12 are discussed. This in-depth analysis opens new perspectives in supramolecular chemistry of [n]CPPs and promotes their applications in size-selective guest encapsulation and chemical separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Tobias A Schaub
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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17
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Zhou Z, Fu L, Hu Y, Wang X, Wei Z, Narita A, Müllen K, Petrukhina MA. Compressing Double [7]Helicene by Successive Charging with Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15923-15927. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Lin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yunbin Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan S Rd Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Akimutsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
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18
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Zhou Z, Fu L, Hu Y, Wang X, Wei Z, Narita A, Müllen K, Petrukhina MA. Compressing Double [7]Helicene by Successive Charging with Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Lin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yunbin Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan S Rd Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Akimutsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
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19
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Alkan M, Rogachev AY. Coupling of two curved polyaromatic radical-anions: stabilization of dimers by counterions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6716-6726. [PMID: 32163075 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06935f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive theoretical investigation of both kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities was performed for dimeric dianionic systems (C20H10)22- and (C28H14)22-, neutralized by two alkali metal cations. The influence of the counterions was of primary interest. The impact of the additional/spectator ligand(s) was elucidated by considering adducts with four molecules of diglyme or two molecules of 18-crown-6 ether. Importantly, both types of systems - in the form of contact-ion pair (CIP) and solvent-separated ion pair (SSIP) - were considered. The SSIP set was augmented by the adduct, in which the dimeric dianionic species were neutralized with purely organic cations N(CH3)4+ and P(CH3)4+. Detailed analysis of the bonding revealed that the presence of the counterions made these systems thermodynamically stable. This finding is in sharp contrast with results obtained for isolated (PAH)22- systems, which were previously found to be thermodynamically unstable, but kinetically persistent. The introduction of the alkali metal cations to the system significantly increases the ionic term (ΔEelstat), whereas the repulsive ΔEPauli one was found to be substantially reduced. Considering that the orbital component (ΔEorb) exhibited only a moderate decrease and the preparation energy (ΔEprep) showed no changes, the above-mentioned changes in ΔEelstat and ΔEPauli provided a clear explanation for the increase of the thermodynamic stability of the target species. Importantly, a clear correlation between the size of the alkali metal cation and stability of the target dimeric product was established. Thermodynamic stability of the system rises with a decrease in the size of M+ due to enlargement of the ΔEorb. Evaluated energy barriers (as spin-crossing points between singlet and triplet energy surfaces) were found to be equal to +15.85 kcal mol-1 and +18.5 kcal mol-1 for [(Cs+)2{(C20H10)22-}] and [(Cs+)2{(C28H14)22-}], respectively, which is substantially higher than those calculated for isolated (PAH)22- systems (+10.00 kcal mol-1 for (C20H10)22- and +12.35 kcal mol-1 for (C28H14)22-). Thus, this study identified the presence of counterions as the key factor, which have a dramatic influence on the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of the aimed dianionic dimeric systems, which are formed by two curved polyaromatic monoanion-radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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20
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Zhou Z, Kawade RK, Wei Z, Kuriakose F, Üngör Ö, Jo M, Shatruk M, Gershoni‐Poranne R, Petrukhina MA, Alabugin IV. Negative Charge as a Lens for Concentrating Antiaromaticity: Using a Pentagonal “Defect” and Helicene Strain for Cyclizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Rahul Kisan Kawade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Febin Kuriakose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Ökten Üngör
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Minyoung Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Michael Shatruk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | | | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
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21
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Zhou Z, Kawade RK, Wei Z, Kuriakose F, Üngör Ö, Jo M, Shatruk M, Gershoni‐Poranne R, Petrukhina MA, Alabugin IV. Negative Charge as a Lens for Concentrating Antiaromaticity: Using a Pentagonal “Defect” and Helicene Strain for Cyclizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1256-1262. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Rahul Kisan Kawade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Febin Kuriakose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Ökten Üngör
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Minyoung Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Michael Shatruk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | | | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
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22
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Rogachev AY, Alkan M, Li J, Liu S, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Petrukhina MA. Mono-reduced Corannulene: To Couple and Not to Couple in One Crystal. Chemistry 2019; 25:14140-14147. [PMID: 31390107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One-electron reduction of corannulene, C20 H10 , with Li metal in diglyme resulted in crystallization of [{Li+ (diglyme)2 }4 (C20 H10 .- )2 (C20 H10 -C20 H10 )2- ] (1), as revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This hybrid product contains two corannulene monoanion-radicals along with a dianionic dimer, crystallized with four Li+ ions wrapped by diglyme molecules. The dimeric (C20 H10 -C20 H10 )2- anion provides the first crystallographically confirmed example of spontaneous radical dimerization for C20 H10 .- . The C-C bond length between the two C20 H10 .- bowls of 1.588(5) Å is consistent with the single σ-bond character of the linker. The trans-disposition of two bowls in the centrosymmetric (C20 H10 -C20 H10 )2- dimer is observed with the torsion angle around the central C-C bond of 180°. Comprehensive theoretical analysis of formation/decomposition processes of the dimeric dianion has been carried out in order to evaluate the nature of bonding and energetics of the C20 H10 .- coupling. It is found that such σ-bonded dimers are thermodynamically unstable due to large preparation energy and repulsive Pauli component of the bonding, but kinetically persistent due to a high energy barrier provided by the existing spin-crossing point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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23
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Zhou Z, Wang X, Wei Z, Müllen K, Petrukhina MA. Charging OBO-Fused Double [5]Helicene with Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14969-14973. [PMID: 31430019 PMCID: PMC6916263 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reduction of OBO-fused double[5]helicene with Group 1 metals (Na and K) has been investigated for the first time. Two doubly-reduced products have been isolated and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing a solvent-separated ion triplet (SSIT) with Na+ ions and a contact-ion pair (CIP) with K+ ion. As the key structural outcome, the X-ray crystallographic analysis discloses the consequences of adding two electrons to the double helicene core in the SSIT without metal binding and reveals the preferential binding site in the CIP with K+ counterions. In both products, an increase in the twisting of the double helicene core upon charging was observed. The negative charge localization at the central core has been identified by theoretical calculations, which are in full agreement with X-ray crystallographic and NMR spectroscopic results. Notably, it was confirmed that the two-electron reduction of OBO-fused double[5]helicene is reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity at Albany, State University of New York1400 Washington Ave.AlbanyNY12222USA
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24
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Zhou Z, Wang X, Wei Z, Müllen K, Petrukhina MA. Charging OBO‐Fused Double [5]Helicene with Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave. Albany NY 12222 USA
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25
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Spisak SN, Bühringer MU, Wei Z, Zhou Z, Tykwinski RR, Petrukhina MA. Structural and Electronic Effects of Stepwise Reduction of a Tetraaryl[3]Cumulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Martina U. Bühringer
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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26
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Spisak SN, Bühringer MU, Wei Z, Zhou Z, Tykwinski RR, Petrukhina MA. Structural and Electronic Effects of Stepwise Reduction of a Tetraaryl[3]Cumulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2023-2028. [PMID: 30560557 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of a [3]cumulene ([3]TrTol) has been explored using alkali metals. Mono- and doubly reduced forms of [3]TrTol were isolated as solvent-separated ion pairs with {Na(18-crown-6)THF2 }+ and {K(18-crown-6)THF2 }+ counterions and crystallographically characterized. This allowed analysis of structural parameters of the "naked" anions of [3]TrTol without interference from metal binding. The dianion of [3]TrTol was also isolated as a contact-ion complex with {Cs(18-crown-6)}+ cations, thereby adding the effect of metal coordination to the core. Structural comparisons of anions to the neutral molecule, [3]TrTol, outline monotonic increases in bond-length alternation (BLA) upon stepwise reduction. The greatest BLA value is found for the contact-ion complex, which shows an alternating sequence of short and long carbon-carbon bonds, consistent with the structure of an alkyne. In contrast to studies on tetraphenyl[3]cumulene, the cumulenic framework of [3]TrTol remains planar in all the derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Martina U Bühringer
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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27
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Rogachev AY, Liu S, Xu Q, Li J, Zhou Z, Spisak SN, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA. Placing Metal in the Bowl: Does Rim Alkylation Matter? Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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28
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Haupt A, Lentz D. Corannulenes with Electron-Withdrawing Substituents: Synthetic Approaches and Resulting Structural and Electronic Properties. Chemistry 2018; 25:3440-3454. [PMID: 30238526 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Corannulene is a multifaceted polyaromatic compound. It has many interesting properties; for example, it has a bowl-shaped molecular structure that, in addition, undergoes a dynamic inversion process. It has attracted much attention within the last decades. This is not only due to its structural properties but also its electronic properties and its various potential applications to materials chemistry. Here, synthetic approaches towards corannulene derivatives with electron-withdrawing substituents are summarized. This includes both selective and unselective methods. Further, the electrochemical properties, that is, the reduction potentials, are analyzed and compared. As a main conclusion, one can state that the electron affinity depends roughly linearly on the number of substituents. Finally, the structural behavior of the substituted buckybowls in the solid state is highlighted. This also allows a general statement about the influence of the electronic and steric nature of substituents on the molecular structures and the solid-state packing of the corannulene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Haupt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Wombacher T, Goddard R, Lehmann CW, Schneider JJ. Complete charge separation provoked by full cation encapsulation in the radical mono- and di-anions of 5,6:11,12-di-o-phenylene-tetracene. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10874-10883. [PMID: 29893388 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and molecular structure of the mono- and dianionic aromatic molecules [(B15C5-κ5O)2K+](LDOPT˙-) (1) and [(B15C5-κ5O)2K+]2(LDOPT2-)THFsolv (2) derived from the parent aromatic polyhydrocarbon 5,6:11,12-di-o-phenylenetetracene (DOPT, LDOPT) by a controlled stepwise one and two electron chemical reduction. The effect of single and double electron charge transfer to a polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) without any disturbing influence of an associated metal cation has been demonstrated. This was achieved by fully sandwiching the cationic K+ counterions between two benzo-15-crown-5-ether (B15C5) ligands resulting in a fully encapsulating (κ10O) geometry which ensures a complete separation of the K+ counterions and the bare anionic PAH species [LDOPT˙-] and [LDOPT2-]. The structural changes accompanied by the stepwise reduction from LDOPT to [LDOPT˙-] to [LDOPT2-] are discussed and compared to earlier predictions based on density functional theory (DFT) as well as the results of previous studies of alkaline metal cationic PAH anion interactions of DOPT in which only a partial metal cation encapsulation has been achieved so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wombacher
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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30
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Zabula AV, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Record Alkali Metal Intercalation by Highly Charged Corannulene. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1541-1549. [PMID: 29874040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The need for advanced energy storage technologies demands the development of new functional materials. Novel carbon-rich and carbon-based materials of different structural topologies attract significant attention in this regard. Attractive systems include a unique class of bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that map onto fullerene surfaces and are thus often referred to as fullerene fragments, buckybowls, or π-bowls. Importantly, carbon bowls are able to acquire multiple electrons in stepwise reduction reactions producing sets of successively reduced carbanions. The resulting negatively charged π-bowls exhibit unique supramolecular assembly and metal intercalation patterns that only recently have begun to be uncovered. First, we have resolved the long-standing mystery behind the supramolecular structure formed by a highly reduced fullerene fragment called corannulene (C20H104-) with multiple lithium ions, using X-ray crystallography coupled with NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. This work provided a new paradigm for lithium ion intercalation between the curved carbon π-surfaces and facilitated understanding of the lithium ion storage mechanism in carbonaceous matrices. Next, we have initiated a new research direction, an investigation of the mixed alkali metal reduction reactions using bowl-shaped corannulene as a remarkable multielectron reservoir and unique ligand with open convex and concave π-surfaces. As a result, we have revealed the cooperative effect of lithium with heavier Group 1 metals in reduction and self-assembly processes of corannulene. Moreover, we have discovered a new class of organometallic supramolecules having heterometallic cores with high nuclearity and charge such as Li3M36+ and LiM56+ (M = K, Rb, and Cs) sandwiched between two tetrareduced corannulene decks. The resulting triple-decker supramolecular assemblies, fully characterized by X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods, were found to exhibit a record ability of the highly charged corannulene π-surfaces to be fully engaged in intercalation of multiple metal ions. Based on this unique ability, curved π-ligands with extended carbon frameworks are expected to show remarkable potential for alkali metal storage compared to flat polycyclic arenes. Notably, a previously unseen mode of internal lithium binding revealed in the heterobimetallic sandwiches is accompanied by unprecedented negative shifts (up to -25 ppm) in 7Li NMR spectra. Based on in-depth analysis of NMR data, augmented by DFT calculations, we have rationalized the observed experimental trends and proposed the mechanism of stepwise alkali metal substitution reactions. Furthermore, we have correlated the origin of the record 7Li NMR shifts with unique electronic structures of these novel supramolecular aggregates. Herein we present comprehensive analysis of unusual structural and electronic features of remarkable heterometallic self-assemblies formed by tetrareduced corannulene, using a wealth of our recent experimental and computational results. This work uncovers unique potential of highly negatively charged bowl-shaped π-ligands for new supramolecular chemistry and materials chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Zabula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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31
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Spisak SN, Zabula AV, Alkan M, Filatov AS, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Site-Directed Dimerization of Bowl-Shaped Radical Anions to Form a σ-Bonded Dibenzocorannulene Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6171-6175. [PMID: 29504700 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Designed site-directed dimerization of the monoanion radicals of a π-bowl in the solid state is reported. Dibenzo[a,g]corannulene (C28 H14 ) was selected based on the asymmetry of the charge/spin localization in the C28 H14.- anion. Controlled one-electron reduction of C28 H14 with Cs metal in diglyme resulted in crystallization of a new dimer, [{Cs+ (diglyme)}2 (C28 H14 -C28 H14 )2- ] (1), as revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction study performed in a broad range of temperatures. The C-C bond length between two C28 H14.- bowls (1.560(8) Å) measured at -143 °C does not significantly change upon heating of the crystal to +67 °C. The single σ-bond character of the C-C linker is confirmed by calculations. The trans-disposition of two bowls in 1 is observed with the torsion angles around the central C-C bond of 172.3(5)° and 173.5(5)°. A systematic theoretical evaluation of dimerization pathways of C28 H14.- radicals confirmed that the trans-isomer found in 1 is energetically favored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Alexander V Zabula
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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32
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Spisak SN, Zabula AV, Alkan M, Filatov AS, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Site‐Directed Dimerization of Bowl‐Shaped Radical Anions to Form a σ‐Bonded Dibenzocorannulene Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Alexander V. Zabula
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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33
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Zhou Z, Spisak SN, Xu Q, Rogachev AY, Wei Z, Marcaccio M, Petrukhina MA. Fusing a Planar Group to a π-Bowl: Electronic and Molecular Structure, Aromaticity and Solid-State Packing of Naphthocorannulene and its Anions. Chemistry 2018; 24:3455-3463. [PMID: 29328530 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and electronic structure, reduction electron transfer and coordination abilities of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) having a planar naphtho-group fused to the corannulene bowl have been investigated for the first time using a combination of theoretical and experimental tools. A direct comparison of naphtho[2,3-a]corannulene (C28 H14 , 1) with parent corannulene (C20 H10 , 2) revealed the effect of framework topology change on electronic properties and aromaticity of 1. The presence of two reduction steps for 1 was predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally. Two reversible one-electron reduction processes with the formal reduction potentials at -2.30 and -2.77 V versus Fc+/0 were detected by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, demonstrating accessibility of the corresponding mono- and dianionic states of 1. The products of the singly and doubly reduced napththocorannulene were prepared using chemical reduction with Group 1 metals and isolated as sodium and rubidium salts. Their X-ray diffraction study revealed the formation of "naked" mono- and dianions crystallized as solvent-separated ion products with one or two sodium cations as [Na+ (18-crown-6)(THF)2 ][C28 H14- ] and [Na+ (18-crown-6)(THF)2 ]2 [C28 H142- ] (3⋅THF and 4⋅THF, respectively). The dianion of 1 was also isolated as a contact-ion complex with two rubidium countercations, [{Rb+ (18-crown-6)}2 (C28 H142- )] (5⋅THF). The structural consequences of adding one and two electrons to the carbon framework of 1 are compared for 3, 4 and 5. Changes in aromaticity and charge distribution stemming from the stepwise electron acquisition are discussed based on DFT computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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34
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Spisak SN, Wei Z, Darzi E, Jasti R, Petrukhina MA. Highly strained [6]cycloparaphenylene: crystallization of an unsolvated polymorph and the first mono- and dianions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7818-7821. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03693d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first crystallographic characterization of [6]cycloparaphenylene in the solvent-free environment and upon chemical reduction reveals unique solid-state structures of neutral and negatively charged [6]CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Evan Darzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Oregon
- Eugene
- USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Oregon
- Eugene
- USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
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35
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Spisak SN, Li J, Rogachev AY, Wei Z, Amaya T, Hirao T, Petrukhina MA. Crown Ether Assisted Convex Cesium Binding to a Sumanenyl Bowl. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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36
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Takano R, Shintani R, Fukazawa A, Yamaguchi S, Nakabayashi K, Ohkoshi SI, Nozaki K. Structures and Physical Properties of Chemically Reduced Diindenosiloles and Their π-Extended Derivatives. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takano
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryo Shintani
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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37
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Spisak SN, Rogachev AY, Zabula AV, Filatov AS, Clérac R, Petrukhina MA. Tuning the separation and coupling of corannulene trianion-radicals through sizable alkali metal belts. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3137-3145. [PMID: 28507689 PMCID: PMC5413885 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05370j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Downsizing of alkali metal belts sandwiched between triply-reduced corannulene decks allows for the fine-tune separation and magnetic coupling of C20H10˙3– radicals.
The first heterobimetallic sandwich-type aggregate formed by bowl-shaped corannulene trianion-radicals, C20H10˙3–, has been synthesized using mixed-metal reduction of C20H10. The product was crystallographically characterized to reveal the self-assembly of [Cs+//(C20H103–)/4K+/(C20H103–)//Cs+], in which two triply-charged corannulene decks encapsulate a rectangle of four potassium ions (the K···K separations are 4.212(4) and 5.185(4) Å), with the exterior concave bowl cavities being selectively filled by one cesium ion each. In order to provide insights into the geometrical features and electronic structure of this novel mixed-metal organometallic self-assembly, an in-depth theoretical investigation has been carried out. Specifically, the influence of internal metal binding on the geometry and magnetic coupling of C20H10˙3– radicals is investigated for Group 1 metals. This study reveals that replacement of the sandwiched potassium ions with larger (Cs) and smaller (Li) ions allows variation of the size of the encapsulated metal belts, and thus enables tuning of the coupling of C20H10˙3– radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , IL 60616 , USA .
| | - Alexander V Zabula
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- CNRS , CRPP , UPR 8641 , F-33600 , Pessac , France.,Univ. Bordeaux , CRPP , UPR 8641 , F-33600 , Pessac , France
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
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38
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Spisak SN, Wei Z, Rogachev AY, Amaya T, Hirao T, Petrukhina MA. Double Concave Cesium Encapsulation by Two Charged Sumanenyl Bowls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2582-2587. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research; Osaka University; Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
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39
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Spisak SN, Wei Z, Rogachev AY, Amaya T, Hirao T, Petrukhina MA. Double Concave Cesium Encapsulation by Two Charged Sumanenyl Bowls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research; Osaka University; Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
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40
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Wombacher T, Goddard R, Lehmann CW, Schneider JJ. Organometallic rubidium and cesium compounds of the 5,6;11,12-di-o-phenylene-tetracene dianion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:7030-7033. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02320k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twofold reduction of the title molecule 5,6;11,12-di-o-phenylenetetracene (DOPT) with an excess of metallic rubidium and cesium in the presence of 18-crown-6-ether (18C6) and tetraglyme results in the formation of its first Rb(i) triple-decker complex and the first Cs(i) coordination polymer of this planar hydrocarbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Wombacher
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - R. Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr
- Germany
| | - C. W. Lehmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr
- Germany
| | - J. J. Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
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41
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Wombacher T, Goddard R, Lehmann CW, Schneider JJ. Bowl shaped deformation in a planar aromatic polycycle upon reduction. Li and Na separated dianions of the aromatic polycycle 5,6:11,12-di-o-phenylene-tetracene. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14122-14129. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03039h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of the PAH LDOPTwith lithium metal in DME results in a massive deformation in the resulting dianionic π-perimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Wombacher
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - R. Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - C. W. Lehmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - J. J. Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
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42
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Spisak SN, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA. Mixing Li and Cs in the reduction of corannulene for the assembly of a cesium-capped sandwich with a hexanuclear heterometallic core. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5625-5630. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the first Li/Cs organometallic self-assembly, the tetrareduced corannulene decks are angled up to keep the highly-charged (Li3Cs3)6+ unit in between, with two external Cs+ ions capping the sandwich from outside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- State University of New York
- Albany
- USA
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43
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Miller RW, Averill SE, Van Wyck SJ, Whalley AC. General Method for the Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrabenzo[8]circulenes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:12001-12005. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Summer E. Averill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Stephen J. Van Wyck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Adam C. Whalley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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44
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Rudebusch GE, Espejo GL, Zafra JL, Peña-Alvarez M, Spisak SN, Fukuda K, Wei Z, Nakano M, Petrukhina MA, Casado J, Haley MM. A Biradical Balancing Act: Redox Amphoterism in a Diindenoanthracene Derivative Results from Quinoidal Acceptor and Aromatic Donor Motifs. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12648-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E. Rudebusch
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Guzmán L. Espejo
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n 2, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - José L. Zafra
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n 2, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miriam Peña-Alvarez
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n 2, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Sarah N. Spisak
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222-0100, United States
| | - Kotaro Fukuda
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222-0100, United States
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222-0100, United States
| | - Juan Casado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n 2, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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45
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Fujikawa T, Preda DV, Segawa Y, Itami K, Scott LT. Corannulene-Helicene Hybrids: Chiral π-Systems Comprising Both Bowl and Helical Motifs. Org Lett 2016; 18:3992-5. [PMID: 27490184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two distinct structural elements that render π-systems nonplanar, i.e., geodesic curvature and helical motifs, have been combined into new polyarenes that contain both features. The resultant corannulene-[n]helicenes (n = 5, 6) show unique molecular dynamics in their enantiomerization processes, including inversion motions of both the bowl and the helix. Optical resolution of a corannulene-based skeletally chiral molecule was also achieved for the first time, and the influence of the bowl-motif annulation on the chiroptical properties was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Fujikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Dorin V Preda
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,JST , ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,JST , ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Lawrence T Scott
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
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46
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Spisak SN, Li J, Rogachev AY, Wei Z, Papaianina O, Amsharov K, Rybalchenko AV, Goryunkov AA, Petrukhina MA. From Corannulene to Indacenopicene: Effect of Carbon Framework Topology on Aromaticity and Reduction Limits. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Olena Papaianina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexey V. Rybalchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Goryunkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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47
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Li X, Kang F, Inagaki M. Buckybowls: Corannulene and Its Derivatives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3206-3223. [PMID: 27136669 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Corannulene, a kind of bowl like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), whose molecule is composed of a central pentagon and five closely adjacent hexagons on the pentagon's five sides, has received great scientific interest among research groups. In this review, the syntheses, characteristic molecule structure and properties of corannulene are clarified, as well as its derivatives with different substituted groups, fused derivatives, metal complex, and derivatives for host guest chemistry. On the basis of reviewing the applications and properties of corannulene together with its derivatives, the potential applications in hydrogen storage and lithium storage were highlighted and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Michio Inagaki
- Professor Emeritus, Hokkaido University, 228-7399 Nakagawa, Hosoe-cho, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-1304, Japan
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48
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Chen H, Wang WY, Wang L, Zhu CL, Fang XY, Qiu YQ. Ion-π interaction in impacting the nonlinear optical properties of ion-buckybowl complexes. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 64:139-146. [PMID: 26851864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ion-buckybowl complexes have received considerable attention in modern chemical research due to its fundamental and practical importance. Herein, we performed density functional theory (DFT) to calculate the geometical structure, binding interactions, dipole moments and the first hyperpolarizabilities (βtot) of ion-buckybowl complexes (ions are Cl(-) and Na(+), buckybowls are quadrannulene, corannulene and sumanene). It is found that the stabilities of ion-buckybowl compounds primarily originate from the interaction energy, which was proved by a new isomerization energy decomposition analysis approach. Plots of reduced density gradient mirror the ion-π weak interaction has been formed between the ions and buckybowls. Significantly, the buckybowl subunits cannot effectively impact the nonlinear optical (NLO), but the kind of ion has marked influence on the second-order NLO responses. The βtot values of Cl(-)-buckybowl complexes are all larger as compared to that of Na(+)-buckybowl complexes, which is attributed to the large charge-transfer (CT) from Cl(-) to buckybowl. Our present work will be beneficial for further theoretical and experimental studies on the NLO properties of ion-buckybowl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Chen
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yong Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Li Zhu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yan Fang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qing Qiu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Sumy DP, Finke AD, Whalley AC. The reductive aromatization of tridecacyclene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12368-12371. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
X-ray analysis of the dipotassium adduct of tridecacyclene reveals significant evidence of increased aromatic character despite its tub-like shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Sumy
- The University of Vermont
- Department of Chemistry
- Burlington
- USA
| | - Aaron D. Finke
- Swiss Light Source
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- 5232 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
| | - Adam C. Whalley
- The University of Vermont
- Department of Chemistry
- Burlington
- USA
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50
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Zabula AV, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Rogachev AY, Clérac R, Petrukhina MA. Supramolecular trap for a transient corannulene trianion. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1954-1961. [PMID: 29899919 PMCID: PMC5966907 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first structural characterization of the transient triply-reduced state of corannulene (C20H10) is accomplished. The X-ray crystallographic study reveals that the C20H10˙3- trianions, generated by corannulene reduction with metallic cesium, form a novel type of supramolecular sandwich-type assembly, [Cs+//(C20H103-)/4Cs+/(C20H103-)//Cs+]. In the product, two triply-charged corannulene decks encapsulate a rectangle of four cesium ions with the external concave bowl cavities being filled by one cesium ion each. The structural investigation is augmented by in-depth theoretical calculations to provide insights into the geometrical features and electronic structure of this unique organometallic self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zabula
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
| | - Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , IL 60616 , USA .
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , Pessac , F-33600 , France.,Université de Bordeaux , Pessac , F-33600 , France
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
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