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Wang F, He G, Liu M, Sun Y, Ma S, Sun Z, Wang Y. Pilose antler extracts promotes hair growth in androgenetic alopecia mice by activating hair follicle stem cells via the AKT and Wnt pathways. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1410810. [PMID: 39045053 PMCID: PMC11263108 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1410810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Angrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is one of the most prevalent hair loss disorders worldwide. The hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) is closely related to the formation of hair follicle (HF) structure and HF self-renewal. The activation of HFSC in AGA is critical for hair growth. Pilose antler has been reported to have hair growth-promoting activity, but the mechanism of action on AGA and HFSC has not been reported. Methods: We previously extracted an active component from the pilose antler known as PAEs. In this study, we conducted experiments using AGA mice and HFSC. The effects of PAEs on hair growth in AGA mice were firstly detected, and then the mechanisms of PAEs for AGA were predicted by integrating network pharmacology and de novo transcriptomics data of pilose antler. Finally, biological experiments were used to validate the molecular mechanism of PAEs in treating AGA both in vivo and in vitro. Results: It was found that PAEs promoted hair regrowth by accelerating the activation of anagen, delaying the anagen-catagen transition. It also alleviated the morphological changes, such as hair shortening, thinning, miniaturization, and HF number reduction, and regulated the hair regeneration process of four subtypes of hair. We further found that PAEs could promote the proliferation of HFSC, outer root sheath (ORS) cells, and hair bulb cells in AGA mice. We then integrated network pharmacology and pilose antler transcriptomics data to predict that the mechanism of PAEs treatment in AGA mice is closely related to the PI3K-AKT/Wnt-β-Catenin pathways. Subsequently, it was also verified that PAEs could activate both pathways in the skin of AGA mice. In addition, we found that PAEs perhaps increased the number of blood vessels around dermal papilla (DP) in experiments in vivo. Meanwhile, the PAEs stimulated the HFSC proliferation in vitro and activated the AKT and Wnt pathways. However, the proliferative activity of HFSC was inhibited after blocking the Wnt pathway and AKT activity. Conclusion: This study suggests that the hair growth-promoting effect of PAEs in AGA mice may be closely related to the stimulation of the AKT and Wnt pathways, which in turn activates the proliferation of HFSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gaiying He
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxiao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Pandey P, Khan F, Seifeldin SA, Alshaghdali K, Siddiqui S, Abdelwadoud ME, Vyas M, Saeed M, Mazumder A, Saeed A. Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by Flavonoids: Implication for Cancer Therapeutics. Nutrients 2023; 15:2088. [PMID: 37432240 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway has been recognized for its crucial role in human development and homeostasis, but its dysregulation has also been linked to several disorders, including cancer. Wnt signaling is crucial for the development and metastasis of several kinds of cancer. Moreover, members of the Wnt pathway have been proven to be effective biomarkers and promising cancer therapeutic targets. Abnormal stimulation of the Wnt signaling pathway has been linked to the initiation and advancement of cancer in both clinical research and in vitro investigations. A reduction in cancer incidence rate and an improvement in survival may result from targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. As a result, blocking this pathway has been the focus of cancer research, and several candidates that can be targeted are currently being developed. Flavonoids derived from plants exhibit growth inhibitory, apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-migratory effects against various malignancies. Moreover, flavonoids influence different signaling pathways, including Wnt, to exert their anticancer effects. In this review, we comprehensively evaluate the influence of flavonoids on cancer development and metastasis by focusing on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and we provide evidence of their impact on a number of molecular targets. Overall, this review will enhance our understanding of these natural products as Wnt pathway modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Sara A Seifeldin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alshaghdali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samra Siddiqui
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elfatih Abdelwadoud
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
| | - Manish Vyas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Ha'il 34464, Saudi Arabia
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Amir Saeed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
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3
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Guo Q, Zheng J, Lin H, Han Z, Wang Z, Ren J, Zhai J, Zhao H, Du R, Li C. Conditioned media of deer antler stem cells accelerate regeneration of alveolar bone defects in rats. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13454. [PMID: 36929672 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The destruction of periodontal alveolar bone (AB) caused by periodontitis is regarded as one of the major reasons for tooth loss. The inhibition of bone resorption and regeneration of lost AB are the desirable outcomes in clinical practice but remain in challenge. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is one current approach for achieving true restoration of AB defects (ABD). Antler stem cells (AnSC) are capable of renewing a huge mammalian bony appendage, the deer antler, suggesting an unparalleled potential for bone regeneration. Herein, we investigated the effectiveness of deer AnSCs conditioned medium (CM, AnSC-CM) for repair of surgically-created ABD using a rat model and sought to define the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that AnSC-CM effectively induced regeneration of AB tissue; the outcome was significantly better than human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (hBMSC-CM). AnSC-CM treatment upregulated osteogenic factors and downregulated osteoclastic differentiation factors; stimulated proliferation, migration and differentiation of resident MSCs toward osteogenic lineage cells; modulated macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and suppressed osteoclastogenesis. That AnSC-CM resulted in better outcomes than hBMSC-CM in treating ABD was attributed to the cell compatibility as both AnSCs and AB tissue are neural crest-derived. In conclusion, the effects of AnSC-CM on AB tissue regeneration were achieved through both promotion of osteogenesis and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. We believe that AnSC-CM is a candidate for effective treatment of ABD in dental clinical practice but will require investment in further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Guo
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junjun Zheng
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongbing Lin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongming Han
- Jilin Agricultural University, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jingjie Zhai
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Qingdao Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Du
- Jilin Agricultural University, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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4
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Zhang Z, He C, Bao C, Li Z, Jin W, Li C, Chen Y. MiRNA Profiling and Its Potential Roles in Rapid Growth of Velvet Antler in Gansu Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus kansuensis). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:424. [PMID: 36833351 PMCID: PMC9957509 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant variety of cell growth factors are involved in the regulation of antler growth, and the fast proliferation and differentiation of various tissue cells occur during the yearly regeneration of deer antlers. The unique development process of velvet antlers has potential application value in many fields of biomedical research. Among them, the nature of cartilage tissue and the rapid growth and development process make deer antler a model for studying cartilage tissue development or rapid repair of damage. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the rapid growth of antlers are still not well studied. MicroRNAs are ubiquitous in animals and have a wide range of biological functions. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the miRNA expression patterns of antler growth centers at three distinct growth phases, 30, 60, and 90 days following the abscission of the antler base, in order to determine the regulatory function of miRNA on the rapid growth of antlers. Then, we identified the miRNAs that were differentially expressed at various growth stages and annotated the functions of their target genes. The results showed that 4319, 4640, and 4520 miRNAs were found in antler growth centers during the three growth periods. To further identify the essential miRNAs that could regulate fast antler development, five differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were screened, and the functions of their target genes were annotated. The results of KEGG pathway annotation revealed that the target genes of the five DEMs were significantly annotated to the "Wnt signaling pathway", "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway", "MAPK signaling pathway", and "TGF-β signaling pathway", which were associated with the rapid growth of velvet antlers. Therefore, the five chosen miRNAs, particularly ppy-miR-1, mmu-miR-200b-3p, and novel miR-94, may play crucial roles in rapid antler growth in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- College of Eco–Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Caixia He
- College of Eco–Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Changhong Bao
- College of Eco–Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhaonan Li
- College of Eco–Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- College of Eco–Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Changzhong Li
- College of Eco–Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- College of Eco–Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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5
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Ba H, Wang X, Wang D, Ren J, Wang Z, Sun HX, Hu P, Zhang G, Wang S, Ma C, Wang Y, Wang E, Chen L, Liu T, Gu Y, Li C. Single-cell transcriptome reveals core cell populations and androgen-RXFP2 axis involved in deer antler full regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 11:43. [PMID: 36542206 PMCID: PMC9772379 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deer antlers constitute a unique mammalian model for the study of both organ formation in postnatal life and annual full regeneration. Previous studies revealed that these events are achieved through the proliferation and differentiation of antlerogenic periosteum (AP) cells and pedicle periosteum (PP) cells, respectively. As the cells resident in the AP and the PP possess stem cell attributes, both antler generation and regeneration are stem cell-based processes. However, the cell composition of each tissue type and molecular events underlying antler development remain poorly characterized. Here, we took the approach of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and identified eight cell types (mainly THY1+ cells, progenitor cells, and osteochondroblasts) and three core subclusters of the THY1+ cells (SC2, SC3, and SC4). Endothelial and mural cells each are heterogeneous at transcriptional level. It was the proliferation of progenitor, mural, and endothelial cells in the activated antler-lineage-specific tissues that drove the rapid formation of the antler. We detected the differences in the initial differentiation process between antler generation and regeneration using pseudotime trajectory analysis. These may be due to the difference in the degree of stemness of the AP-THY1+ and PP-THY1+ cells. We further found that androgen-RXFP2 axis may be involved in triggering initial antler full regeneration. Fully deciphering the cell composition for these antler tissue types will open up new avenues for elucidating the mechanism underlying antler full renewal in specific and regenerative medicine in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxing Ba
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Xin Wang
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, RNA Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Datao Wang
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Ren
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Hai-Xi Sun
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong China
| | - Pengfei Hu
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Guokun Zhang
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Chao Ma
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Yusu Wang
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Enpeng Wang
- grid.440665.50000 0004 1757 641XJilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Liang Chen
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, RNA Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianbin Liu
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ying Gu
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China ,grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Chunyi Li
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China ,grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
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Han R, Han L, Xia Y, Guo M, Li H. lncRNA Sequencing of Antler Mesenchymal Tissue Revealed that the Regulatory Network of Antler Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1629-1638. [PMID: 34010106 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1924762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antlers have been widely studied due to their unique physiological characteristics, such as rapid growth, periodic shedding and regeneration. However, little is known about how antler growth is regulated by long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). The aim of the present study was to identify the lncRNAs expression profile and explore the function of lncRNAs during the antler growth. Herein, RNA-sequencing technology (RNA-seq) was performed on the three growth periods (early developmental period: EP, middle developmental period: MP, later developmental period: LP) of male sika deer (Cervus nippon) antler, 16 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) and 11 DE lncRNAs were identified in EP vs MP and MP vs LP related to cell proliferation and cell differentiation, respectively. Finally, lncRNAs-mRNAs co-expression networks were constructed based on the identified DE lncRNAs and their potential trans-target genes. The result reveals that lncRNAs may play diverse roles in different periods of antler growth. It provides a novel perspective for revealing the molecular mechanism of antler growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Han
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanling Xia
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengya Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Heping Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Chen X, Guo Y, Li C. RNA sequencing-based identification of microRNAs in the antler cartilage of Gansu red deer ( Cervus elaphus kansuensis). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13947. [PMID: 36164600 PMCID: PMC9508884 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The velvet antler is a complex mammalian bone organ with unique biological characteristics, such as regeneration. The rapid growth stage (RGS) is a special period in the regeneration process of velvet antler. Methods To elucidate the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) at the RGS of antler development in Gansu red deer (Cervus elaphus kansuensis), we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze miRNA expression profiles in cartilage tissues of deer antler tips at three different growth stages. Results The RNA-seq results revealed 1,073 known and 204 novel miRNAs, including 1,207, 1,242, and 1,204 from 30-, 60-, and 90-d antler cartilage tissues, respectively. To identify key miRNAs controlling rapid antler growth, we predicted target genes of screened 25 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and specifically expressed miRNAs (SEMs) in 60 d and annotated their functions. The KEGG results revealed that target genes of 25 DEMs and 30 SEMs were highly classified in the "Metabolic pathways", "Pathways in cancer", "Proteoglycans in cancer" and "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway". In addition, a novel miRNA (CM008039.1_315920), highly enriched in "NF-kappa B signaling pathway", may need further study. Conclusions The miRNAs identified in our study are potentially important in rapid antler growth. Our findings provide new insights to help elucidate the miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms involved during velvet antler development in C. elaphus kansuensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Chen
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhang
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaxia Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu, China
| | - Yuqin Guo
- Research Monitoring and Evaluation Center of Qinghai National Park, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Changzhong Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
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8
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Wang Y, Hu W. Progress of Noncoding RNA Regulating the Growth and Development of Antler Tissue Research. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3541577. [PMID: 35909491 PMCID: PMC9325626 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3541577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antler is the secondary sexual characteristic of deer, which develops on the forehead at puberty. It is the only organ that can be regenerated entirely in mammals. Therefore, it is often used as a research model in the field of organ regeneration and wound repair. Many growth factors and proteins play an active role throughout the developmental process of antler regeneration. With the rapid development of sequencing technology, more and more noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been discovered, and the relationship between ncRNA and antler regeneration has gradually become clear. This paper focuses on the research progress of several ncRNAs (including miRNA and lncRNA) in deer antler tissues, which are helpful to reveal the molecular mechanism of deer antler regeneration at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipu Wang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130000, China
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9
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Integrative Analyses of Antler Cartilage Transcriptome and Proteome of Gansu Red Deer (Cervus elaphus kansuensis) at Different Growth Stages. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070934. [PMID: 35405922 PMCID: PMC8997108 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Velvet antler is the only organ in mammals that can completely and circularly regenerate, which involves the co-development of a variety of tissues including cartilage. Thus, velvet antler can provide an ideal model for studying chondrogenesis, endochondral ossification and rapid tissue growth. However, the mechanism of rapid growth and regeneration of velvet antler is still unclear. In this study, we conducted integrated analysis of the transcriptome and proteome of antler cartilage tissues at different growth stages. The results showed that gene13546 and its coding protein rna13546 were annotated in Wnt signaling pathway. They may play roles in antler rapid growth and regeneration. Abstract The velvet antler is a unique model for cancer and regeneration research due to its periodic regeneration and rapid growth. Antler growth is mainly triggered by the growth center located in its tip, which consists of velvet skin, mesenchyme and cartilage. Among them, cartilage accounts for most of the growth center. We performed an integrative analysis of the antler cartilage transcriptome and proteome at different antler growth stages. RNA-seq results revealed 24,778 unigenes, 19,243 known protein-coding genes, and 5535 new predicted genes. Of these, 2722 were detected with differential expression patterns among 30 d, 60 d, and 90 d libraries, and 488 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened at 30 d vs. 60 d and 60 d vs. 90 d but not at 30 d vs. 90 d. Proteomic data identified 1361 known proteins and 179 predicted novel proteins. Comparative analyses showed 382 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), of which 16 had differential expression levels at 30 d vs. 60 d and 60 d vs. 90 d but not at 30 d vs. 90 d. An integrated analysis conducted for DEGs and DEPs showed that gene13546 and its coding protein protein13546 annotated in the Wnt signaling pathway may possess important bio-logical functions in rapid antler growth. This study provides in-depth characterization of candidate genes and proteins, providing further insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling antler development.
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Zhang SL, Chen ZH, Lin DT, Yan Q, Gao F, Lin H. Epigallocatechin gallate regulates inflammatory responses and new bone formation through Wnt/β-Catenin/COX-2 pathway in spondyloarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107869. [PMID: 34153673 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is mainly characterized by bone erosion, new bone formation, inflammation and potential disability. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been proved to be closely related with the regulation of inflammation and bone metabolism. However, whether EGCG could improve SpA remains unclear. METHODS SpA animal model was established using proteoglycan. Cell proliferation were measured by CCK-8 assay. The mRNA expression levels of genes were detected using qRT-PCR, protein levels were assessed via western blotting and immunohistochemistry. ELISA assay was performed to examined the inflammatory cytokine release. Lesions in spine cartilage tissues were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Safranin O staining. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and Alizarin Red S staining was used to investigate osteoblast mineralization. RESULTS We found that EGCG could inhibit inflammation and new bone formation in SpA mice. Besides, inflammatory factor expression and osteogenic differentiation in osteoblasts isolated from SpA mice were also decreased by EGCG. Further, EGCG treatment suppressed the activation of Wnt/β-Catenin/COX-2 pathway and the activator of this pathway partially reversed the effects of EGCG on inflammation and osteoblast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS EGCG repressed inflammatory responses and new bone formation, and further improved SpA through Wnt/β-Catenin/COX-2 pathway. Our findings may provide a new thought for the prevention and treatment of SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China; Department of Rheumatology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Han Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China; Department of Rheumatology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Dian-Tian Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China; Department of Rheumatology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China; Department of Rheumatology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China; Department of Rheumatology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - He Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China; Department of Rheumatology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, PR China
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11
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Comparative antler proteome of sika deer from different developmental stages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10484. [PMID: 34006919 PMCID: PMC8131589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Antler is a special bone tissue that has the ability to regenerate completely periodically. It is the fastest growing bone in the animal kingdom. Antler provides a valuable research model for bone growth and mineralization. Antler grows longitudinally by endochondral ossification with their growth center located in its tip. Many scholars have carried out detailed studies on morphology and gene expression of antler tip. However, few scholars have analyzed the protein expression patterns of antler tip at different development stages. This study used label-free proteomics approach to analyze the protein expression dynamics of the antler tip in six developmental periods (15, 25, 45, 65, 100 and 130 days after the previous antler cast) and costal cartilage. In result, 2052 proteins were confidently quantified, including 1937 antler proteins and 1044 costal cartilage proteins. Moreover, 913 antler core proteins and 132 antler-special proteins were obtained. Besides, the stages special proteins and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in different development stages were analyzed. A total of 875 DEPs were determined by one-way AVOVA. It is found that the growth period (15, 25, 45 and 65 days) showed more up-regulated protein including several chondrogenesis-associated proteins (collagen types II, collagen types XI, HAPLN1, PAPSS1 and PAPSS2). In ossification stages, the up-regulated proteins related with lysosome (CTSD, CTSB, MMP9, CAII) indicated that the antler has higher bone remodeling activity. Given the up-regulated expression of immune-related molecules (S100A7, CATHL7, LTF, AZU1, ELANE and MPO), we speculate that the local immune system may contribute to the ossification of antler tip. In conclusion, proteomics technology was used to deeply analyze the protein expression patterns of antler at different development stages. This provides a strong support for the research on the molecular regulation mechanism of rapid growth and ossification of velvet antler.
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12
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Targeting the crosstalk between canonical Wnt/β-catenin and inflammatory signaling cascades: A novel strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 227:107876. [PMID: 33930452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging scientific evidence indicates that inflammation is a critical component of tumor promotion and progression. Most cancers originate from sites of chronic irritation, infections and inflammation, underscoring that the tumor microenvironment is largely orchestrated by inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory molecules. These inflammatory components are intimately involved in neoplastic processes which foster proliferation, survival, invasion, and migration, making inflammation the primary target for cancer prevention and treatment. The influence of inflammation and the immune system on the progression and development of cancer has recently gained immense interest. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an evolutionarily conserved signaling strategy, has a critical role in regulating tissue development. It has been implicated as a major player in cancer development and progression with its regulatory role on inflammatory cascades. Many naturally-occurring and small synthetic molecules endowed with inherent anti-inflammatory properties inhibit this aberrant signaling pathway, making them a promising class of compounds in the fight against inflammatory cancers. This article analyzes available scientific evidence and suggests a crosslink between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inflammatory pathways in inflammatory cancers, especially breast, gastrointestinal, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. We also highlight emerging experimental findings that numerous anti-inflammatory synthetic and natural compounds target the crosslink between Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inflammatory cascades to achieve cancer prevention and intervention. Current challenges, limitations, and future directions of research are also discussed.
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13
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Feleke M, Bennett S, Chen J, Hu X, Williams D, Xu J. New physiological insights into the phenomena of deer antler: A unique model for skeletal tissue regeneration. J Orthop Translat 2020; 27:57-66. [PMID: 33437638 PMCID: PMC7773678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, mammals are unable to regenerate complex tissues and organs however the deer antler provides a rare anomaly to this rule. This osseous cranial appendage which is located on the frontal bone of male deer is capable of stem cell-based organogenesis, annual casting, and cyclic de novo regeneration. A series of recent studies have classified this form of regeneration as epimorphic stem cell based. Antler renewal is initiated by the activation of neural crest derived pedicle periosteal cells (PPCs) found residing within the pedicle periosteum (PP), these PPCs have the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages. Other antler stem cells (ASCs) are the reserve mesenchymal cells (RMCs) located in the antlers tip, which develop into cartilage tissue. Antlerogenic periosteal cells (APCs) found within the antlerogenic periosteum (AP) form the tissues of both the pedicle and first set of antlers. Antler stem cells (ASCs) further appear to progress through various stages of activation, this coordinated transition is considered imperative for stem cell-based mammalian regeneration. The latest developments have shown that the rapid elongation of the main beam and antler branches are a controlled form of tumour growth, regulated by the tumour suppressing genes TP73 and ADAMTS18. Both osteoclastogenesis, as well as osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation are also involved. While there remains much to uncover this review both summarises and comprehensively evaluates our existing knowledge of tissue regeneration in the deer antler. This will assist in achieving the goal of in vitro organ regeneration in humans by furthering the field of modern regenerative medicine. The Translational potential of this article As a unique stem cell-based organ regeneration process in mammals, the deer antler represents a prime model system for investigating mechanisms of regeneration in mammalian tissues. Novel ASCs could provide cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine and bone remodelling for clinical application. A greater understanding of this process and a more in-depth defining of ASCs will potentiate improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesalie Feleke
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Jiazhi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510665, China.,Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Desmond Williams
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
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14
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Genome and single-cell RNA-sequencing of the earthworm Eisenia andrei identifies cellular mechanisms underlying regeneration. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2656. [PMID: 32461609 PMCID: PMC7253469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The earthworm is particularly fascinating to biologists because of its strong regenerative capacity. However, many aspects of its regeneration in nature remain elusive. Here we report chromosome-level genome, large-scale transcriptome and single-cell RNA-sequencing data during earthworm (Eisenia andrei) regeneration. We observe expansion of LINE2 transposable elements and gene families functionally related to regeneration (for example, EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor) particularly for genes exhibiting differential expression during earthworm regeneration. Temporal gene expression trajectories identify transcriptional regulatory factors that are potentially crucial for initiating cell proliferation and differentiation during regeneration. Furthermore, early growth response genes related to regeneration are transcriptionally activated in both the earthworm and planarian. Meanwhile, single-cell RNA-sequencing provides insight into the regenerative process at a cellular level and finds that the largest proportion of cells present during regeneration are stem cells. The mechanisms regulating regeneration of the earthworm are unclear. Here, the authors use genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the earthworm Eisenia andrei together with Hi-C analysis to identify genes involved and show activation of LINE2 transposable elements on regeneration.
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15
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Gottlieb RA, Bhowmick NA. Pushing the Heart Over a KLF(15). J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 74:1820-1822. [PMID: 31582142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta A Gottlieb
- Department of Medicine, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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16
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Dong Z, Haines S, Coates D. Proteomic Profiling of Stem Cell Tissues during Regeneration of Deer Antler: A Model of Mammalian Organ Regeneration. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1760-1775. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Haines
- Proteins & Metabolites, AgResearch Lincoln Research Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Dawn Coates
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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17
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Sui Z, Sun H, Weng Y, Zhang X, Sun M, Sun R, Zhao B, Liang Z, Zhang Y, Li C, Zhang L. Quantitative proteomics analysis of deer antlerogenic periosteal cells reveals potential bioactive factors in velvet antlers. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Li J, Yu H, Wang W, Fu C, Zhang W, Han F, Wu H. Genomic and transcriptomic insights into molecular basis of sexually dimorphic nuptial spines in Leptobrachium leishanense. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5551. [PMID: 31804492 PMCID: PMC6895153 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually dimorphic (SD) traits are important in sexual selection and species survival, yet the molecular basis remains elusive, especially in amphibians where SD traits have evolved repeatedly. We focus on the Leishan moustache toad (Leptobrachium leishanense), in which males develop nuptial spines on their maxillary skin. Here we report a 3.5 Gb genome assembly with a contig N50 of 1.93 Mb. We find a specific expansion of the intermediate filament gene family including numerous keratin genes. Within these genes, a cluster of duplicated hair keratin genes exhibits male-biased and maxillary skin-specific expression, suggesting a role in developing nuptial spines. We identify a module of coexpressed genes significantly associated with spine formation. In addition, we find several hormones likely to be involved in regulating spine development. This study not only presents a high-quality anuran genome but also provides a reference for studying skin-derived SD traits in amphibians. The basis of sexual dimorphism in non-model species may be elusive, in part due to a lack of genomic and molecular resources. Here, Li et al. report a high-quality anuran genome and reveal candidate genes and pathways associated with shaping sexually dimorphic nuptial spines in a moustache toad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyulu, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyulu, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chao Fu
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyulu, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyulu, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Fengming Han
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyulu, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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19
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Landete-Castillejos T, Kierdorf H, Gomez S, Luna S, García AJ, Cappelli J, Pérez-Serrano M, Pérez-Barbería J, Gallego L, Kierdorf U. Antlers - Evolution, development, structure, composition, and biomechanics of an outstanding type of bone. Bone 2019; 128:115046. [PMID: 31446115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antlers are bony appendages of deer that undergo periodic regeneration from the top of permanent outgrowths (the pedicles) of the frontal bones. Of the "less familiar" bone types whose study was advocated by John Currey to gain a better understanding of structure-function relationships of mineralized tissues and organs, antlers were of special interest to him. The present review summarizes our current knowledge about the evolution, development, structure, mineralization, and biomechanics of antlers and how their formation is affected by environmental factors like nutrition. Furthermore, the potential role of antlers as a model in bone biology and several fields of biomedicine as well as their use as a monitoring tool in environmental studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Landete-Castillejos
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - H Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - S Gomez
- Universidad de Cádiz, 11071 Cádiz, Spain
| | - S Luna
- Universidad de Cádiz, 11071 Cádiz, Spain
| | - A J García
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - J Cappelli
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - M Pérez-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - J Pérez-Barbería
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - L Gallego
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - U Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, 31141 Hildesheim, Germany
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20
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Ba H, Wang D, Yau TO, Shang Y, Li C. Transcriptomic analysis of different tissue layers in antler growth Center in Sika Deer (Cervus nippon). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:173. [PMID: 30836939 PMCID: PMC6402185 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the unprecedented rapid growth rate (up to 2.75 cm/day), velvet antler is an invaluable model for the identification of potent growth factors and signaling networks for extremely fast growing tissues, mainly cartilage. Antler growth center (AGC) locates in its tip and consists of five tissue layers: reserve mesenchyme (RM), precartilage (PC), transition zone (TZ), cartilage (CA) and mineralized cartilage (MC). The aim of this study was to investigate the transcription dynamics in the AGC using RNA-seq technology. RESULTS Five tissue layers in the AGC were collected from three 3-year-old male sika deer using our previously reported sampling method (morphologically distinguishable). After sequencing (15 samples; triplicates/tissue layer), we assembled a reference transcriptome de novo and used RNA-seq to measure gene expression profiles across these five layers. Nine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected from our data and subsequently verified using qRT-PCR. The results showed a high consistency with the RNA-seq results (R2 = 0.80). Nine modules were constructed based on co-expression network analysis, and these modules contained 370 hub genes. These genes were found to be mainly involved in mesenchymal progenitor cell proliferation, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Combination of our own results with the previously published reports, we found that Wnt signaling likely plays a key role not only in stimulating the antler stem cells or their immediate progeny, but also in promoting chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during antler development. CONCLUSION We have successfully assembled a reference transcriptome, generated gene expression profiling across the five tissue layers in the AGC, and identified nine co-expressed modules that contain 370 hub genes and genes predorminantly expressed in and highly relevant to each tissue layer. We believe our findings have laid the foundation for the identification of novel genes for rapid proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of antler cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxing Ba
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Wild Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Datao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Wild Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Tung On Yau
- College of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Yudong Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Wild Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Wild Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China. .,Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600, China.
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21
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Shen CL, Smith BJ, Li J, Cao JJ, Song X, Newhardt MF, Corry KA, Tomison MD, Tang L, Wang JS, Chyu MC. Effect of Long-Term Green Tea Polyphenol Supplementation on Bone Architecture, Turnover, and Mechanical Properties in Middle-Aged Ovariectomized Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:285-300. [PMID: 30413854 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of 6-month green tea polyphenols (GTP) supplementation on bone architecture, turnover, and mechanical properties in middle-aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Female rats were sham-operated (n = 39, 13/group) or OVX (n = 143, 13/group). Sham-control and OVX-control rats (n = 39) receiving no GTP were assigned for sample collection at baseline, 3, or 6 months. The remaining OVX rats (n = 104) were randomized to 0.15%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% (g/dL) GTP for 3 or 6 months. Blood and bone samples were collected. Relative to the OVX-control group, GTP (1% and 1.5%) lowered serum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide at 3 and 6 months, C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen at 3 months, and insulin-like growth factor-I at 6 months. GTP did not affect bone mineral content and density. At 6 months, no dose of GTP positively affected trabecular bone volume based on microCT, but a higher cortical thickness and improved biomechanical properties of the femur mid-diaphysis was observed in the 1.5% GTP-treated group. At 3 and 6 months, GTP (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) had lower rates of trabecular bone formation and resorption than the OVX-control group, but the inhibitory effects of GTP on periosteal and endocortical bone mineralization and formation at the tibial midshaft were only evident at 3 months. GTP at higher doses suppressed bone turnover in the trabecular and cortical bone of OVX rats and resulted in improved cortical bone structural and biomechanical properties, although it was not effective in preventing the ovariectomy-induced dramatic cancellous bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jay J Cao
- USDA ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Maria F Newhardt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Kylie A Corry
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael D Tomison
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ming-Chien Chyu
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Graduate Healthcare Engineering Option, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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22
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Dong Z, Coates D, Liu Q, Sun H, Li C. Quantitative proteomic analysis of deer antler stem cells as a model of mammalian organ regeneration. J Proteomics 2019; 195:98-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ba H, Wang D, Wu W, Sun H, Li C. Single-cell transcriptome provides novel insights into antler stem cells, a cell type capable of mammalian organ regeneration. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 19:555-564. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hu P, Wang T, Liu H, Xu J, Wang L, Zhao P, Xing X. Full-length transcriptome and microRNA sequencing reveal the specific gene-regulation network of velvet antler in sika deer with extremely different velvet antler weight. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 294:431-443. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lin SY, Kang L, Wang CZ, Huang HH, Cheng TL, Huang HT, Lee MJ, Lin YS, Ho ML, Wang GJ, Chen CH. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:E3221. [PMID: 30563251 PMCID: PMC6321548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the second most-prevalent epidemiologic disease in the aging population worldwide. Cross-sectional and retrospective evidence indicates that tea consumption can mitigate bone loss and reduce risk of osteoporotic fractures. Tea polyphenols enhance osteoblastogenesis and suppress osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Previously, we showed that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), one of the green tea polyphenols, increased osteogenic differentiation of murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by increasing the mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes, alkaline phosphatase activity and, eventually, mineralization. We also found that EGCG could mitigate bone loss and improve bone microarchitecture in ovariectomy-induced osteopenic rats, as well as enhancing bone defect healing partially via bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). The present study investigated the effects of EGCG in human BMSCs. We found that EGCG, at concentrations of both 1 and 10 µmol/L, can increase mRNA expression of BMP2, Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteonectin and osteocalcin 48 h after treatment. EGCG increased ALP activity both 7 and 14 days after treatment. Furthermore, EGCG can also enhance mineralization two weeks after treatment. EGCG without antioxidants also can enhance mineralization. In conclusion, EGCG can increase mRNA expression of BMP2 and subsequent osteogenic-related genes including Runx2, ALP, osteonectin and osteocalcin. EGCG further increased ALP activity and mineralization. Loss of antioxidant activity can still enhance mineralization of human BMSCs (hBMSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yen Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80415, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Zen Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
| | - Han Hsiang Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
| | - Hsuan-Ti Huang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80415, Taiwan.
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Shan Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ling Ho
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Gwo-Jaw Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80415, Taiwan.
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Lai AG, Aboobaker AA. EvoRegen in animals: Time to uncover deep conservation or convergence of adult stem cell evolution and regenerative processes. Dev Biol 2018; 433:118-131. [PMID: 29198565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
How do animals regenerate specialised tissues or their entire body after a traumatic injury, how has this ability evolved and what are the genetic and cellular components underpinning this remarkable feat? While some progress has been made in understanding mechanisms, relatively little is known about the evolution of regenerative ability. Which elements of regeneration are due to lineage specific evolutionary novelties or have deeply conserved roots within the Metazoa remains an open question. The renaissance in regeneration research, fuelled by the development of modern functional and comparative genomics, now enable us to gain a detailed understanding of both the mechanisms and evolutionary forces underpinning regeneration in diverse animal phyla. Here we review existing and emerging model systems, with the focus on invertebrates, for studying regeneration. We summarize findings across these taxa that tell us something about the evolution of adult stem cell types that fuel regeneration and the growing evidence that many highly regenerative animals harbor adult stem cells with a gene expression profile that overlaps with germline stem cells. We propose a framework in which regenerative ability broadly evolves through changes in the extent to which stem cells generated through embryogenesis are maintained into the adult life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina G Lai
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - A Aziz Aboobaker
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom.
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Torre E. Molecular signaling mechanisms behind polyphenol-induced bone anabolism. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2017; 16:1183-1226. [PMID: 29200988 PMCID: PMC5696504 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For millennia, in the different cultures all over the world, plants have been extensively used as a source of therapeutic agents with wide-ranging medicinal applications, thus becoming part of a rational clinical and pharmacological investigation over the years. As bioactive molecules, plant-derived polyphenols have been demonstrated to exert many effects on human health by acting on different biological systems, thus their therapeutic potential would represent a novel approach on which natural product-based drug discovery and development could be based in the future. Many reports have provided evidence for the benefits derived from the dietary supplementation of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Polyphenols are able to protect the bone, thanks to their antioxidant properties, as well as their anti-inflammatory actions by involving diverse signaling pathways, thus leading to bone anabolic effects and decreased bone resorption. This review is meant to summarize the research works performed so far, by elucidating the molecular mechanisms of action of polyphenols in a bone regeneration context, aiming at a better understanding of a possible application in the development of medical devices for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Torre
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, Via Valcastellana, 26, 14037 Portacomaro, AT Italy
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Stocum DL. Mechanisms of urodele limb regeneration. REGENERATION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2017; 4:159-200. [PMID: 29299322 PMCID: PMC5743758 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the historical and current state of our knowledge about urodele limb regeneration. Topics discussed are (1) blastema formation by the proteolytic histolysis of limb tissues to release resident stem cells and mononucleate cells that undergo dedifferentiation, cell cycle entry and accumulation under the apical epidermal cap. (2) The origin, phenotypic memory, and positional memory of blastema cells. (3) The role played by macrophages in the early events of regeneration. (4) The role of neural and AEC factors and interaction between blastema cells in mitosis and distalization. (5) Models of pattern formation based on the results of axial reversal experiments, experiments on the regeneration of half and double half limbs, and experiments using retinoic acid to alter positional identity of blastema cells. (6) Possible mechanisms of distalization during normal and intercalary regeneration. (7) Is pattern formation is a self-organizing property of the blastema or dictated by chemical signals from adjacent tissues? (8) What is the future for regenerating a human limb?
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Stocum
- Department of BiologyIndiana University−Purdue University Indianapolis723 W. Michigan StIndianapolisIN 46202USA
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Li X, Sun L, Yang H, Zhang L, Miao T, Xing L, Huo D. Identification and expression characterization of WntA during intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28647408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Wnt genes encode secreted glycoproteins that act as signaling molecules; these molecules direct cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival during animal development, maintenance of homeostasis and regeneration. At present, although the regeneration mechanism in Apostichopus japonicus has been studied, there is a little research on the Wnt signaling pathway in A. japonicus. To understand the potential role of the Wnt signaling pathway in A. japonicus, we cloned and sequenced the WntA gene in A. japonicus. Protein localization analysis showed that WntA protein was ubiquitously expressed in epidermal cells, the muscle and submucosa of the intestinal tissue. After stimulation and evisceration, the dynamic changes in expression of the WntA gene and protein showed that WntA was constitutively expressed during different stages of intestine regeneration in A. japonicus, with higher levels during the early wound healing stage and late lumen formation in the residual and nascent intestinal tissues, indicating its response to intestinal regeneration. Simultaneously, cell proliferation and apoptosis analysis showed that the patterns of cell proliferation were similar to the patterns of WntA protein expression during different intestinal regeneration stages in this organism. Taken together, these results suggested that WntA might participate in intestinal regeneration and may be connected with cell proliferation, apoptosis in different intestinal layers. This research could establish a basis for further examination of WntA functions in A. japonicus and Wnt genes in other echinoderms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ting Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lili Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Da Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
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30
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Farahmand L, Darvishi B, Majidzadeh‐A K, Madjid Ansari A. Naturally occurring compounds acting as potent anti-metastatic agents and their suppressing effects on Hedgehog and WNT/β-catenin signalling pathways. Cell Prolif 2017; 50:e12299. [PMID: 27669681 PMCID: PMC6529111 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous remarkable achievements in the field of anti-cancer therapy, tumour relapse and metastasis still remain major obstacles in improvement of overall cancer survival, which may be at least partially owing to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Multiple signalling pathways have been identified in EMT; however, it appears that the role of the Hedgehog and WNT/β-catenin pathways are more prominent than others. These are well-known preserved intracellular regulatory pathways of different cellular functions including proliferation, survival, adhesion and differentiation. Over the last few decades, several naturally occurring compounds have been identified to significantly obstruct several intermediates in Hedgehog and WNT/β-catenin signalling, eventually resulting in suppression of signal transduction. This article highlights the current state of knowledge associated with Hedgehog and WNT/β-catenin, their involvement in metastasis through EMT processes and introduction of the most potent naturally occurring agents with capability of suppressing them, eventually overcoming tumour relapse, invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Farahmand
- Cancer Genetics DepartmentBreast Cancer Research CenterACECRTehranIran
| | - B. Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins DepartmentBreast Cancer Research CenterACECRTehranIran
| | - K. Majidzadeh‐A
- Cancer Genetics DepartmentBreast Cancer Research CenterACECRTehranIran
- Tasnim Biotechnology Research Center (TBRC)school of medicineAJA University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - A. Madjid Ansari
- Cancer Alternative and Complementary Medicine DepartmentBreast Cancer Research CenterACECRTehranIran
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Abstract
The growth and patterning of anatomical structures from specific cellular fields in developing organisms relies on organizing centers that instruct surrounding cells to modify their behavior, namely migration, proliferation, and differentiation. We discuss here how organizers can form in adult organisms, a process of utmost interest for regenerative medicine. Animals like Hydra and planarians, which maintain their shape and fitness thanks to a highly dynamic homeostasis, offer a useful paradigm to study adult organizers in steady-state conditions. Beside the homeostatic context, these model systems also offer the possibility to study how organizers form de novo from somatic adult tissues. Both extracellular matrix remodeling and caspase activation play a key role in this transition, acting as promoters of organizer formation in the vicinity of the wound. Their respective roles and the crosstalk between them just start to be deciphered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Vogg
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGe3), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Wenger
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGe3), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Galliot
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGe3), Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ba H, Wang D, Li C. MicroRNA profiling of antler stem cells in potentiated and dormant states and their potential roles in antler regeneration. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:943-55. [PMID: 26738876 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can effectively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play a critical role in tissue growth, development and regeneration. Our previous studies showed that antler regeneration is a stem cell-based process and antler stem cells reside in the periosteum of a pedicle, the permanent bony protuberance, from which antler regeneration takes place. Antlers are the only mammalian organ that can fully regenerate and hence provide a unique opportunity to identify miRNAs that are involved in organ regeneration. In the present study, we used next generation sequencing technology sequenced miRNAs of the stem cells derived from either the potentiated or the dormant pedicle periosteum. A population of both conserved and 20 deer-specific miRNAs was identified. These conserved miRNAs were derived from 453 homologous hairpin precursors across 88 animal species, and were further grouped into 167 miRNA families. Among them, the miR-296 is embryonic stem cell-specific. The potentiation process resulted in the significant regulation (>±2 Fold, q value <0.05) of conserved miRNAs; 8 miRNA transcripts were down- and 6 up-regulated. Several GO biology processes and the Wnt, MAPK and TGF-beta signaling pathways were found to be up-regulated as part of antlerogenic stem cell potentiation process. This research has identified miRNAs that are associated either with the dormant or the potentiated antler stem cells and identified some target miRNAs for further research into their role played in mammalian organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxing Ba
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, 130112, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Jilin, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Datao Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, 130112, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Jilin, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, 130112, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Jilin, 130112, People's Republic of China.
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Park S. Polyphenol Compound as a Transcription Factor Inhibitor. Nutrients 2015; 7:8987-9004. [PMID: 26529010 PMCID: PMC4663573 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A target-based approach has been used to develop novel drugs in many therapeutic fields. In the final stage of intracellular signaling, transcription factor–DNA interactions are central to most biological processes and therefore represent a large and important class of targets for human therapeutics. Thus, we focused on the idea that the disruption of protein dimers and cognate DNA complexes could impair the transcriptional activation and cell transformation regulated by these proteins. Historically, natural products have been regarded as providing the primary leading compounds capable of modulating protein–protein or protein-DNA interactions. Although their mechanism of action is not fully defined, polyphenols including flavonoids were found to act mostly as site-directed small molecule inhibitors on signaling. There are many reports in the literature of screening initiatives suggesting improved drugs that can modulate the transcription factor interactions responsible for disease. In this review, we focus on polyphenol compound inhibitors against dimeric forms of transcription factor components of intracellular signaling pathways (for instance, c-jun/c-fos (Activator Protein-1; AP-1), c-myc/max, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and β-catenin/T cell factor (Tcf)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 136-714, Korea.
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Hu W, Li T, Li M, Wu L, Meng X, Tian Y. Effects of microRNA-mediated IGF-1 gene silencing on telomerase activity and cell proliferation in deer antler cells. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2013-050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Life Science, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jilin Agriculture University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Life Science, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jilin Agriculture University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mu Li
- College of Life Science, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jilin Agriculture University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Life Science, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jilin Agriculture University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xingyu Meng
- College of Life Science, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jilin Agriculture University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuhua Tian
- College of Life Science, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jilin Agriculture University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China
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Rao N, Song F, Jhamb D, Wang M, Milner DJ, Price NM, Belecky-Adams TL, Palakal MJ, Cameron JA, Li B, Chen X, Stocum DL. Proteomic analysis of fibroblastema formation in regenerating hind limbs of Xenopus laevis froglets and comparison to axolotl. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2014; 14:32. [PMID: 25063185 PMCID: PMC4222900 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-14-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background To gain insight into what differences might restrict the capacity for limb regeneration in Xenopus froglets, we used High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/double mass spectrometry to characterize protein expression during fibroblastema formation in the amputated froglet hindlimb, and compared the results to those obtained previously for blastema formation in the axolotl limb. Results Comparison of the Xenopus fibroblastema and axolotl blastema revealed several similarities and significant differences in proteomic profiles. The most significant similarity was the strong parallel down regulation of muscle proteins and enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Regenerating Xenopus limbs differed significantly from axolotl regenerating limbs in several ways: deficiency in the inositol phosphate/diacylglycerol signaling pathway, down regulation of Wnt signaling, up regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and proteins involved in chondrocyte differentiation, lack of expression of a key cell cycle protein, ecotropic viral integration site 5 (EVI5), that blocks mitosis in the axolotl, and the expression of several patterning proteins not seen in the axolotl that may dorsalize the fibroblastema. Conclusions We have characterized global protein expression during fibroblastema formation after amputation of the Xenopus froglet hindlimb and identified several differences that lead to signaling deficiency, failure to retard mitosis, premature chondrocyte differentiation, and failure of dorsoventral axial asymmetry. These differences point to possible interventions to improve blastema formation and pattern formation in the froglet limb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David L Stocum
- Department of Biology, and Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Kim KJ, Yoo HD, Kim YH, Lee YA, Kim BJ, Jung MS, Kang HG, Lee JH, Ryu BY. Enhancement of in vitro culture efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from deer antlers. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-1124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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37
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Morphogenetic mechanisms in the cyclic regeneration of hair follicles and deer antlers from stem cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:643601. [PMID: 24383056 PMCID: PMC3870647 DOI: 10.1155/2013/643601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have made comparisons between hair follicles (HFs) and antler units (AUs)—two seemingly unrelated mammalian organs. HFs are tiny and concealed within skin, whereas AUs are gigantic and grown externally for visual display. However, these two organs share some striking similarities. Both consist of permanent and cyclic/temporary components and undergo stem-cell-based organogenesis and cyclic regeneration. Stem cells of both organs reside in the permanent part and the growth centres are located in the temporary part of each respective organ. Organogenesis and regeneration of both organs depend on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Establishment of these interactions requires stem cells and reactive/niche cells (dermal papilla cells for HFs and epidermal cells for AUs) to be juxtaposed, which is achieved through destruction of the cyclic part to bring the reactive cells into close proximity to the respective stem cell niche. Developments of HFs and AUs are regulated by similar endocrine (particularly testosterone) and paracrine (particularly IGF1) factors. Interestingly, these two organs come to interplay during antlerogenesis. In conclusion, we believe that investigators from the fields of both HF and AU biology could greatly benefit from a comprehensive comparison between these two organs.
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38
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Bao B, Li Y, Ahmad A, Azmi AS, Bao G, Ali S, Banerjee S, Kong D, Sarkar FH. Targeting CSC-related miRNAs for cancer therapy by natural agents. Curr Drug Targets 2013; 13:1858-68. [PMID: 23140295 DOI: 10.2174/138945012804545515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The theory of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has provided evidence on fundamental clinical implications because of the involvement of CSCs in cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance, which leads to the poor clinical outcome of cancer patients. Therefore, targeting CSCs will provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment and/or prevention of tumors. However, the regulation of CSCs and its signaling pathways during tumorigenesis are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proved to act as key regulators of the post-transcriptional regulation of genes, which involve in a wide array of biological processes including tumorigenesis. The altered expressions of miRNAs are associated with poor clinical outcome of patients diagnosed with a variety of tumors. Therefore, emerging evidence strongly suggest that miRMAs play critical roles in tumor development and progression. Emerging evidence also suggest that miRNAs participate in the regulation of tumor cell growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and metastasis. Moreover, miRNAs such as let-7, miR-21, miR-22, miR-34, miR-101, miR-146a, and miR-200 have been found to be associated with CSC phenotype and function mediated through targeting oncogenic signaling pathways. In this article, we will discuss the role of miRNAs in the regulation of CSC phenotype and function during tumor development and progression. We will also discuss the potential role of naturally occurring agents (nutraceuticals) as potent anti-tumor agents that are believed to function by targeting CSC-related miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bao
- Departments of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Bao B, Azmi AS, Ali S, Ahmad A, Li Y, Banerjee S, Kong D, Sarkar FH. The biological kinship of hypoxia with CSC and EMT and their relationship with deregulated expression of miRNAs and tumor aggressiveness. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1826:272-96. [PMID: 22579961 PMCID: PMC3788359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the fundamental biological phenomena that are intricately associated with the development and aggressiveness of a variety of solid tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) function as a master transcription factor, which regulates hypoxia responsive genes and has been recognized to play critical roles in tumor invasion, metastasis, and chemo-radiation resistance, and contributes to increased cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, tumor hypoxia with deregulated expression of HIF and its biological consequence lead to poor prognosis of patients diagnosed with solid tumors, resulting in higher mortality, suggesting that understanding of the molecular relationship of hypoxia with other cellular features of tumor aggressiveness would be invaluable for developing newer targeted therapy for solid tumors. It has been well recognized that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypic cells are associated with therapeutic resistance and contribute to aggressive tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and believed to be the cause of tumor recurrence. Interestingly, hypoxia and HIF signaling pathway are known to play an important role in the regulation and sustenance of CSCs and EMT phenotype. However, the molecular relationship between HIF signaling pathway with the biology of CSCs and EMT remains unclear although NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hedgehog signaling pathways have been recognized as important regulators of CSCs and EMT. In this article, we will discuss the state of our knowledge on the role of HIF-hypoxia signaling pathway and its kinship with CSCs and EMT within the tumor microenvironment. We will also discuss the potential role of hypoxia-induced microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumor development and aggressiveness, and finally discuss the potential effects of nutraceuticals on the biology of CSCs and EMT in the context of tumor hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bao
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shadan Ali
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sanjeev Banerjee
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dejuan Kong
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fazlul H. Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Abstract
Full regeneration of deer antlers, a bona fide epimorphic process in mammals, is in defiance of the general rule of nature. Revealing the mechanism underlying this unique exception would place us in a better position to promote organ regeneration in humans. Antler regeneration takes place in yearly cycles from its pedicle, a permanent protuberance on the frontal bone. Both growing antlers and pedicles consist of internal (cartilage and bone) and external components (skin, blood vessels, and nerves). Recent studies have demonstrated that the regeneration of both internal and external components relies on the presence of pedicle periosteum (PP). PP cells express key embryonic stem cell markers (Oct4, Nanog, and SOX2) and are multipotent, so are termed antler stem cells. Now it is clear that proliferation and differentiation of PP cells directly forms internal antler components; however, how PP initiates and maintains the regeneration of external antler components is thus far not known. Based on the direct as well as indirect evidence that is presented in this review, I put forward the following hypothesis to address this issue. The full regenerative ability of external antler tissue components is achieved through PP-derived chemical induction and PP-derived mechanical stimulation: the former triggers the regeneration of these external components, whereas the latter drives their rapid elongation. Eventual identification of the putative PP-derived chemical factors would open up a new avenue for devising effective therapies for lesions involving each of these tissue components, be they traumatic, degenerative, or linked to developmental (genetic) anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Li
- AgResearch Invermay Agricultural Center, Mosgiel, New Zealand.
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Greenow K, Clarke AR. Controlling the stem cell compartment and regeneration in vivo: the role of pluripotency pathways. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:75-99. [PMID: 22298652 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the realization that embryonic stem cells are maintained in a pluripotent state through the interplay of a number of key signal transduction pathways, it is becoming increasingly clear that stemness and pluripotency are defined by the complex molecular convergence of these pathways. Perhaps this has most clearly been demonstrated by the capacity to induce pluripotency in differentiated cell types, so termed iPS cells. We are therefore building an understanding of how cells may be maintained in a pluripotent state, and how we may manipulate cells to drive them between committed and pluripotent compartments. However, it is less clear how cells normally pass in and out of the stem cell compartment under normal and diseased physiological states in vivo, and indeed, how important these pathways are in these settings. It is also clear that there is a potential "dark side" to manipulating the stem cell compartment, as deregulation of somatic stem cells is being increasingly implicated in carcinogenesis and the generation of "cancer stem cells." This review explores these relationships, with a particular focus on the role played by key molecular regulators of stemness in tissue repair, and the possibility that a better understanding of this control may open the door to novel repair strategies in vivo. The successful development of such strategies has the potential to replace or augment intervention-based strategies (cell replacement therapies), although it is clear they must be developed with a full understanding of how such approaches might also influence tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Greenow
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Kanwar SS, Poolla A, Majumdar APN. Regulation of colon cancer recurrence and development of therapeutic strategies. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2012; 3:1-9. [PMID: 22368781 PMCID: PMC3284520 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v3.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of colon cancer still remains a major issue which affects nearly 50% of patients treated by conventional therapeutics. Although the underlying causative factor(s) is not fully understood, development of drug-resistance has been associated with induction of cancer stem or stem-like cells (CSCs) which constitute a small sub-population of tumor cells known to be highly resistant to chemotherapy. In fact, the discovery of CSCs in a variety of tumors (including colon cancer) has changed the view of carcinogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Emerging reports have indicated that to improve patient outcomes, conventional anticancer therapies should be replaced with specific approaches targeting CSCs. Thus, therapeutic strategies that specifically target CSCs are being sought to reduce the risk of relapse and metastasis. In order to specifically target colon CSCs (while sparing somatic intestinal stem cells), it is critical to identify unique deregulated pathways responsible for self-renewal of CSCs and colon cancer recurrence. Colon CSCs present a unique opportunity to better understand the biology of solid tumors. Thus, a better understanding of the clinical signs and symptoms of colon cancer patients (undergoing surgery or chemotherapy) during perioperative periods, along with the underlying regulatory events affecting the stem/progenitor cell self-renewal and differentiation of colon epithelial cells, is of immense importance. In this review we discuss the implication of clinical factors and the emerging role of CSCs during recurrence of colon cancer along with the development of new therapeutic strategies involving the use of natural agents.
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Banu J, Varela E, Fernandes G. Alternative therapies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Nutr Rev 2012; 70:22-40. [PMID: 22221214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a medical condition that affects millions of men and women. People with this condition have low bone mass, which places them at increased risk for bone fracture after minor trauma. The surgeries and treatments required to repair and heal bone fractures involve long recovery periods and can be expensive. Because osteoporosis occurs frequently in the elderly, the financial burden it places on society is likely to be large. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has approved several drugs for use in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. However, all of the currently available agents have severe side effects that limit their efficacy and underscore the urgent need for new treatment options. One promising approach is the development of alternative (nonpharmaceutical) strategies for bone maintenance, as well as for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. This review examines the currently available nonpharmaceutical alternatives that have been evaluated in in vitro and in vivo studies. Certain plants from the following families have shown the greatest benefits on bone: Alliceae, Asteraceae, Thecaceae, Fabaceae, Oleaceae, Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, Vitaceae, Zingiberaceae. The present review discusses the most promising findings from studies of these plant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameela Banu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Mashanov VS, García-Arrarás JE. Gut regeneration in holothurians: a snapshot of recent developments. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2011; 221:93-109. [PMID: 21876113 DOI: 10.1086/bblv221n1p93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Visceral regeneration in sea cucumbers has been studied since early last century; however, it is only within the last 15 years that real progress has been made in understanding the cellular and molecular events involved. In the present review, we bring together these recent studies, providing readers with basic information on the anatomy and histology of the normal gut and detailing the changes in tissue organization and gene expression that occur during the regenerative process. We discuss the nature and possible sources of cells involved in the formation of the intestinal regenerate as well as the role of cell death and proliferation in this process. In addition, we compare gut formation during regeneration and during embryogenesis. Finally, we describe the molecular studies that have helped advance regenerative studies in holothurians and integrate the gene expression information with data on cellular events. Studies on visceral regeneration in these echinoderms provide a unique view that complements regeneration studies in other animal phyla, which are mainly focused on whole-animal regeneration or appendage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Mashanov
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan
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Amado NG, Fonseca BF, Cerqueira DM, Neto VM, Abreu JG. Flavonoids: potential Wnt/beta-catenin signaling modulators in cancer. Life Sci 2011; 89:545-54. [PMID: 21635906 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found throughout the plant kingdom. They occur in every organ but are usually concentrated in leaves and flowers. During the last two decades, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that flavonoids have inhibitory effects on human diseases through targeting of multiple cellular signaling components. Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates proliferation, differentiation and fate specification in developmental stages and controls tissue homeostasis in adult life. For these reasons, this pathway has received great attention in the last years as potential pathway involved in distinct Human pathologies. In this review we discuss the emerging potential mechanisms for flavonoids on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancer and possible investigation strategies to understand flavonoids mode of action on this signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália G Amado
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Green tea and bone health: Evidence from laboratory studies. Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:155-61. [PMID: 21473914 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health problem in the elderly. Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between tea consumption and the prevention of bone loss in the elderly population. Ingestion of green tea and green tea bioactive compounds may be beneficial in mitigating bone loss of this population and decreasing their risk of osteoporotic fractures. This review describes the effect of green tea with its bioactive components on bone health with an emphasis on the following: (i) the etiology of osteoporosis, (ii) evidence of osteo-protective impacts of green tea on bone mass and microarchitecture in various bone loss models in which induced by aging, sex hormone deficiency, and chronic inflammation, (iii) discussion of impacts of green tea on bone mass in two obesity models, (iv) observation of short-term green tea supplementation given to postmenopausal women with low bone mass, (v) possible mechanisms for the osteo-protective effects of green tea bioactive compounds, and (vi) a summary and future research direction of green tea and bone health.
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Abstract
Multiple cellular signaling pathways have been involved in the processes of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Among many signaling pathways, Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways are critically involved in embryonic development, in the biology of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and in the acquisition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and thus this article will remain focused on Wnt and Hh signaling. Since CSCs and EMT are also known to be responsible for cancer cell invasion and metastasis, the Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways are also intimately associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests the beneficial role of chemopreventive agents commonly known as nutraceutical in cancer. Among many such agents, soy isoflavones, curcumin, green tea polyphenols, 3,3'-diindolylmethane, resveratrol, lycopene, vitamin D, etc. have been found to prevent, reverse, or delay the carcinogenic process. Interestingly, these agents have also shown to prevent or delay the progression of cancer, which could in part be due to their ability to attack CSCs or EMT-type cells by attenuating the Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the current state of our knowledge on the role of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways, and their targeted inactivation by chemopreventive agents (nutraceuticals) for the prevention of tumor progression and/or treatment of human malignancies.
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Kamel MA, Picconi JL, Lara-Castillo N, Johnson ML. Activation of β-catenin signaling in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells versus 2T3 osteoblastic cells by fluid flow shear stress and PGE2: Implications for the study of mechanosensation in bone. Bone 2010; 47:872-81. [PMID: 20713195 PMCID: PMC2952691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The osteocyte is hypothesized to be the mechanosensory cell in bone. However, osteoblastic cell models have been most commonly used to investigate mechanisms of mechanosensation in bone. Therefore, we sought to determine if differences might exist between osteocytic and osteoblastic cell models relative to the activation of β-catenin signaling in MLO-Y4 osteocytic, 2T3 osteoblastic and primary neonatal calvarial cells (NCCs) in response to pulsatile fluid flow shear stress (PFFSS). β-catenin nuclear translocation was observed in the MLO-Y4 cells at 2 and 16 dynes/cm(2) PFFSS, but only at 16 dynes/cm(2) in the 2T3 or NCC cultures. The MLO-Y4 cells released high amounts of PGE(2) into the media at all levels of PFFSS (2-24 dynes/cm(2)) and we observed a biphasic pattern relative to the level of PFFSS. In contrast PGE(2) release by 2T3 cells was only detected during 16 and 24 dynes/cm(2) PFFSS starting at >1h and never reached the levels produced by the MLO-Y4 cells. Exogenously added PGE(2) was able to induce β-catenin nuclear translocation in all cells suggesting that the differences between the cell lines observed for β-catenin nuclear translocation were associated with the differences in PGE(2) production. To investigate a possible mechanism for the differences in PGE(2) release by the MLO-Y4 and 2T3 cells we examined the regulation of Ptgs2 (Cox-2) gene expression by PFFSS. 2T3 cell Ptgs2 mRNA levels at both 0 and 24h after 2h of PFFSS showed biphasic increases with peaks at 4 and 24 dynes/cm(2) and 24-hour levels were higher than zero-hour levels. MLO-Y4 cell Ptgs2 expression was similarly biphasic; however at 24-hour post-flow Ptgs2 mRNA levels were lower. Our data suggest significant differences in the sensitivity and kinetics of the response mechanisms of the 2T3 and neonatal calvarial osteoblastic versus MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells to PFFSS. Furthermore our data support a role for PGE(2) in mediating the activation of β-catenin signaling in response to the fluid flow shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Kamel
- Department of Oral Biology, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25 Street, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Jason L. Picconi
- Department of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Nuria Lara-Castillo
- Department of Oral Biology, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25 Street, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Mark L. Johnson
- Department of Oral Biology, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25 Street, Kansas City, MO 64108
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Protective actions of green tea polyphenols and alfacalcidol on bone microstructure in female rats with chronic inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 22:673-80. [PMID: 21036589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of green tea polyphenols (GTP) and alfacalcidol on bone microstructure and strength along with possible mechanisms in rats with chronic inflammation. A 12-week study using a 2 (no GTP vs. 0.5%, w/v GTP in drinking water)×2 (no alfacalcidol vs. 0.05 μg/kg alfacalcidol orally, 5×/week) factorial design was employed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-administered female rats. A group receiving placebo administration was used to compare with a group receiving LPS administration only to evaluate the effect of LPS. Changes in tibial and femoral microarchitecture and strength of femur were evaluated. Difference in expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in proximal tibia using immunohistochemistry was examined. Compared to the placebo group, the LPS-administered-only group had significantly lower femoral mass, trabecular volume, thickness and number in proximal tibia and femur, and lower periosteal bone formation rate in tibial shafts but had significantly higher trabecular separation and osteoclast number in proximal tibia and eroded surface in endocortical tibial shafts. Both GTP and alfacalcidol reversed these LPS-induced detrimental changes in femur, proximal tibia and endocortical tibial shaft. Both GTP and alfacalcidol also significantly improved femoral strength, while significantly suppressed TNF-α expression in proximal tibia. There were significant interactions in femoral mass and strength, trabecular separation, osteoclast number and TNF-α expression in proximal tibia. A combination of both showed to sustain bone microarchitecture and strength. We conclude that a protective impact of GTP and alfacalcidol in bone microarchitecture during chronic inflammation may be due to a suppression of TNF-α.
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