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Wang Y, Ye D, Zhang F, Zhang R, Zhu J, Wang H, He M, Sun Y. Cyp11a2 Is Essential for Oocyte Development and Spermatogonial Stem Cell Differentiation in Zebrafish. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6473198. [PMID: 34932120 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P45011A1, encoded by Cyp11a1, converts cholesterol to pregnenolone (P5), the first and rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis. In zebrafish, cyp11a1 is maternally expressed and cyp11a2 is considered the ortholog of Cyp11a1 in mammals. A recent study has shown that depletion of cyp11a2 resulted in steroidogenic deficiencies and the mutants developed into males with feminized secondary sexual characteristics. Here, we independently generated cyp11a2 mutants in zebrafish and showed that the mutants can develop into males and females in the juvenile stage, but finally into infertile males with defective mating behavior in the adult stage. In the developing ovaries, the cyp11a2 mutation led to stage I oocyte apoptosis and final sex reversal, which could be partially rescued by treatment with P5 but not estradiol. In the developing testes, depletion of cyp11a2 resulted in dysfunction of Sertoli cells and lack of functional Leydig cells. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the mutant testes underwent active self-renewal but no differentiation, resulting in a high abundance of SSCs in the testis, as revealed by immunofluorescence staining with Nanos2 antibody. The high abundance and differentiation competence of SSCs in the mutant testes were verified by a novel testicular cell transplantation method developed in this study, by transplanting mutant testicular cells into germline-depleted wild-type (WT) fish. The transplanted mutant SSCs efficiently differentiated into functional spermatids in WT hosts. Overall, our study demonstrates the functional importance of cyp11a2 in early oogenesis and differentiation of SSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design (INASEED), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ding Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design (INASEED), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design (INASEED), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design (INASEED), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design (INASEED), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Houpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design (INASEED), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mudan He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design (INASEED), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design (INASEED), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Tseng CY, Burel M, Cammer M, Harsh S, Flaherty MS, Baumgartner S, Bach EA. chinmo-mutant spermatogonial stem cells cause mitotic drive by evicting non-mutant neighbors from the niche. Dev Cell 2022; 57:80-94.e7. [PMID: 34942115 PMCID: PMC8752517 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Niches maintain a finite pool of stem cells via restricted space and short-range signals. Stem cells compete for limited niche resources, but the mechanisms regulating competition are poorly understood. Using the Drosophila testis model, we show that germline stem cells (GSCs) lacking the transcription factor Chinmo gain a competitive advantage for niche access. Surprisingly, chinmo-/- GSCs rely on a new mechanism of competition in which they secrete the extracellular matrix protein Perlecan to selectively evict non-mutant GSCs and then upregulate Perlecan-binding proteins to remain in the altered niche. Over time, the GSC pool can be entirely replaced with chinmo-/- cells. As a consequence, the mutant chinmo allele acts as a gene drive element; the majority of offspring inherit the allele despite the heterozygous genotype of the parent. Our results suggest that the influence of GSC competition may extend beyond individual stem cell niche dynamics to population-level allelic drift and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Burel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Cammer
- DART Microscopy Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sneh Harsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Maria Sol Flaherty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stefan Baumgartner
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lunds Universitet, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Erika A Bach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Guo Q, Jiang Y, Bai H, Chen G, Chang G. miR-301a-5p Regulates TGFB2 during Chicken Spermatogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111695. [PMID: 34828300 PMCID: PMC8621736 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of spermatogenesis is complex and systemic, requiring the cooperation of many regulators. However, little is known about how micro RNAs (miRNAs) regulate spermatogenesis in poultry. In this study, we investigated key miRNAs and their target genes that are involved in spermatogenesis in chickens. Next-generation sequencing was conducted to determine miRNA expression profiles in five cell types: primordial germ cells (PGCs), spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), spermatogonia (Spa), and chicken sperm. Next, we analyzed and identified several key miRNAs that regulate spermatogenesis in the four germline cell miRNA profiles. Among the enriched miRNAs, miRNA-301a-5p was the key miRNA in PGCs, SSCs, and Spa. Through reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), dual-luciferase, and miRNA salience, we confirmed that miR-301a-5p binds to transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGFβ2) and is involved in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway and germ cell development. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of miR-301a-5p involvement in spermatogenesis by direct binding to TGFβ2, a key gene in the TGF-β signaling pathway. This finding contributes to the insights into the molecular mechanism through which miRNAs regulate germline cell differentiation and spermatogenesis in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Yong Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Hao Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.B.); (G.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.B.); (G.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.B.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Nakagawa T, Jörg DJ, Watanabe H, Mizuno S, Han S, Ikeda T, Omatsu Y, Nishimura K, Fujita M, Takahashi S, Kondoh G, Simons BD, Yoshida S, Nagasawa T. A multistate stem cell dynamics maintains homeostasis in mouse spermatogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109875. [PMID: 34686326 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In mouse testis, a heterogeneous population of undifferentiated spermatogonia (Aundiff) harbors spermatogenic stem cell (SSC) potential. Although GFRα1+ Aundiff maintains the self-renewing pool in homeostasis, the functional basis of heterogeneity and the implications for their dynamics remain unresolved. Here, through quantitative lineage tracing of SSC subpopulations, we show that an ensemble of heterogeneous states of SSCs supports homeostatic, persistent spermatogenesis. Such heterogeneity is maintained robustly through stochastic interconversion of SSCs between a renewal-biased Plvap+/GFRα1+ state and a differentiation-primed Sox3+/GFRα1+ state. In this framework, stem cell commitment occurs not directly but gradually through entry into licensed but uncommitted states. Further, Plvap+/GFRα1+ cells divide slowly, in synchrony with the seminiferous epithelial cycle, while Sox3+/GFRα1+ cells divide much faster. Such differential cell-cycle dynamics reduces mitotic load, and thereby the potential to acquire harmful de novo mutations of the self-renewing pool, while keeping the SSC density high over the testicular open niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Nakagawa
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan; Department of Immunobiology and Hematology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - David J Jörg
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, J. J. Thomson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center and Trans-border Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Seungmin Han
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 A0W, UK
| | - Tatsuro Ikeda
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Omatsu
- Department of Immunobiology and Hematology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiko Nishimura
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Miyako Fujita
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center and Trans-border Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 A0W, UK; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Shosei Yoshida
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Department of Immunobiology and Hematology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Liao J, Suen HC, Luk ACS, Yang L, Lee AWT, Qi H, Lee TL. Transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of young and aged spermatogonial stem cells reveals molecular targets regulating differentiation. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009369. [PMID: 34237055 PMCID: PMC8291634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC), the foundation of spermatogenesis and male fertility, possess lifelong self-renewal activity. Aging leads to the decline in stem cell function and increased risk of paternal age-related genetic diseases. In the present study, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of mouse SSC-enriched undifferentiated spermatogonia (Oct4-GFP+/KIT-) and differentiating progenitors (Oct4-GFP+/KIT+) isolated from young and aged testes. Our transcriptome data revealed enormous complexity of expressed coding and non-coding RNAs and alternative splicing regulation during SSC differentiation. Further comparison between young and aged undifferentiated spermatogonia suggested these differentiation programs were affected by aging. We identified aberrant expression of genes associated with meiosis and TGF-β signaling, alteration in alternative splicing regulation and differential expression of specific lncRNAs such as Fendrr. Epigenetic profiling revealed reduced H3K27me3 deposition at numerous pro-differentiation genes during SSC differentiation as well as aberrant H3K27me3 distribution at genes in Wnt and TGF-β signaling upon aging. Finally, aged undifferentiated spermatogonia exhibited gene body hypomethylation, which is accompanied by an elevated 5hmC level. We believe this in-depth molecular analysis will serve as a reference for future analysis of SSC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Liao
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi Ching Suen
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alfred Chun Shui Luk
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lele Yang
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Annie Wing Tung Lee
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huayu Qi
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tin-Lap Lee
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Khanehzad M, Nourashrafeddin SM, Abolhassani F, Kazemzadeh S, Madadi S, Shiri E, Khanlari P, Khosravizadeh Z, Hedayatpour A. MicroRNA-30a-5p promotes differentiation in neonatal mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:85. [PMID: 34108007 PMCID: PMC8188658 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in spermatogenesis is crucial and intrinsic factors and extrinsic signals mediate fate decisions of SSCs. Among endogenous regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical role in spermatogenesis. However, the mechanisms which individual miRNAs regulate self- renewal and differentiation of SSCs are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of miRNA-30a-5p inhibitor on fate determinations of SSCs. METHODS SSCs were isolated from testes of neonate mice (3-6 days old) and their purities were performed by flow cytometry with ID4 and Thy1 markers. Cultured cells were transfected with miRNA- 30a-5p inhibitor. Evaluation of the proliferation (GFRA1, PLZF and ID4) and differentiation (C-Kit & STRA8) markers of SSCs were accomplished by immunocytochemistry and western blot 48 h after transfection. RESULTS Based on the results of flow cytometry with ID4 and Thy1 markers, percentage of purity of SSCs was about 84.3 and 97.4 % respectively. It was found that expression of differentiation markers after transfection was significantly higher in miRNA-30a- 5p inhibitor group compared to other groups. The results of proliferation markers evaluation also showed decrease of GFRA1, PLZF and ID4 protein in SSCs transfected with miRNA-30a-5p inhibitor compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that inhibition of miRNA-30a-5p by overexpression of differentiation markers promotes differentiation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khanehzad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Nourashrafeddin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Abolhassani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Kazemzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Madadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Elham Shiri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parastoo Khanlari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khosravizadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Hedayatpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Asgari F, Asgari HR, Najafi M, Eftekhari BS, Vardiani M, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Koruji M. Optimization of decellularized human placental macroporous scaffolds for spermatogonial stem cells homing. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2021; 32:47. [PMID: 33891169 PMCID: PMC8065005 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized scaffolds have been found to be excellent platforms for tissue engineering applications. The attempts are still being made to optimize a decellularization protocol with successful removal of the cells with minimal damages to extracellular matrix components. We examined twelve decellularization procedures using different concentrations of Sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100 (alone or in combination), and incubation time points of 15 or 30 min. Then, the potential of the decellularized scaffold as a three-dimensional substrate for colony formation capacity of mouse spermatogonial stem cells was determined. The morphological, degradation, biocompatibility, and swelling properties of the samples were fully characterized. The 0.5%/30 SDS/Triton showed optimal decellularization with minimal negative effects on ECM (P ≤ 0.05). The swelling ratios increased with the increase of SDS and Triton concentration and incubation time. Only 0.5%/15 and 30 SDS showed a significant decrease in the SSCs viability compared with other groups (P < 0.05). The SSCs colony formation was clearly observed under SEM and H&E stained slides. The cells infiltrated into the subcutaneously implanted scaffold at days 7 and 30 post-implantation with no sign of graft rejection. Our data suggest the %0.5/30 SDS/Triton as an excellent platform for tissue engineering and reproductive biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Asgari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Asgari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medicine Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Sadat Eftekhari
- Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mina Vardiani
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medicine Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Koruji
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Voigt AL, Thiageswaran S, de Lima e Martins Lara N, Dobrinski I. Metabolic Requirements for Spermatogonial Stem Cell Establishment and Maintenance In Vivo and In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1998. [PMID: 33670439 PMCID: PMC7922219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) is a unique adult stem cell that requires tight physiological regulation during development and adulthood. As the foundation of spermatogenesis, SSCs are a potential tool for the treatment of infertility. Understanding the factors that are necessary for lifelong maintenance of a SSC pool in vivo is essential for successful in vitro expansion and safe downstream clinical usage. This review focused on the current knowledge of prepubertal testicular development and germ cell metabolism in different species, and implications for translational medicine. The significance of metabolism for cell biology, stem cell integrity, and fate decisions is discussed in general and in the context of SSC in vivo maintenance, differentiation, and in vitro expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ina Dobrinski
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (A.L.V.); (S.T.); (N.d.L.e.M.L.)
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Kazemzadeh S, Rastegar T, Zangi BM, Malekzadeh M, Khanehzad M, Khanlari P, Madadi S, Bashghareh A, Hedayatpour A. Effect of a Freezing Medium Containing Melatonin on Markers of Pre-meiotic and Post-meiotic Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) After Transplantation in an Azoospermia Mouse Model Due to Testicular Torsion. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:1508-1522. [PMID: 33481217 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are essential to the initiation of spermatogenesis. Cryopreservation, long-term maintenance, and auto-transplantation of SSCs could be a new treatment for infertility. The aim of this study was to add melatonin to the basic freezing medium and to evaluate its effect on the efficiency of the thawed SSCs after transplantation into the testicles of azoospermic mice. SSCs were isolated from newborn NMRI mice, and the cells were enriched to assess morphological features. The thawed SSCs were evaluated for survival, apoptosis, and ROS level before transplantation, and the proliferation (MVH and ID4) and differentiation (c-Kit, SCP3, TP1, TP2, and Prm1) markers of SSCs were examined using immunofluorescence, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after transplantation. It was found that the survival rate of SSCs after thawing was significantly higher in the melatonin group compared with the cryopreservation group containing basic freezing medium, and the rate of apoptosis and level of ROS production also decreased significantly in the cryopreservation group with melatonin (p < 0.05). The expression of proliferation and differentiation markers after transplantation was significantly higher in the cryopreservation group with melatonin compared to the cryopreservation group (p < 0.05). The results suggest that adding melatonin to the basic freezing medium can effectively protect the SSCs by increasing the viability and reducing the ROS production and apoptosis and improve the transplantation efficiency of SSCs after cryopreservation, which will provide a significant suggestion for fertility protection in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Kazemzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Rastegar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Minaei Zangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Malekzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khanehzad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Khanlari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Madadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alieh Bashghareh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Hedayatpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Ladyzhets S, Antel M, Simao T, Gasek N, Cowan AE, Inaba M. Self-limiting stem-cell niche signaling through degradation of a stem-cell receptor. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3001003. [PMID: 33315855 PMCID: PMC7769618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem-cell niche signaling is short-range in nature, such that only stem cells but not their differentiating progeny receive self-renewing signals. At the apical tip of the Drosophila testis, 8 to 10 germline stem cells (GSCs) surround the hub, a cluster of somatic cells that organize the stem-cell niche. We have previously shown that GSCs form microtubule-based nanotubes (MT-nanotubes) that project into the hub cells, serving as the platform for niche signal reception; this spatial arrangement ensures the reception of the niche signal specifically by stem cells but not by differentiating cells. The receptor Thickveins (Tkv) is expressed by GSCs and localizes to the surface of MT-nanotubes, where it receives the hub-derived ligand Decapentaplegic (Dpp). The fate of Tkv receptor after engaging in signaling on the MT-nanotubes has been unclear. Here we demonstrate that the Tkv receptor is internalized into hub cells from the MT-nanotube surface and subsequently degraded in the hub cell lysosomes. Perturbation of MT-nanotube formation and Tkv internalization from MT-nanotubes into hub cells both resulted in an overabundance of Tkv protein in GSCs and hyperactivation of a downstream signal, suggesting that the MT-nanotubes also serve a second purpose to dampen the niche signaling. Together, our results demonstrate that MT-nanotubes play dual roles to ensure the short-range nature of niche signaling by (1) providing an exclusive interface for the niche ligand-receptor interaction; and (2) limiting the amount of stem cell receptors available for niche signal reception. A stem cell niche is the specialized micro-environment that provides the signal to the resident stem cells to support their undifferentiated, self-renewing state. This study shows that the cells that compose the niche do not only provide the signal, but also take up the receptor of stem cells for subsequent lysosomal degradation; this mechanism is essential for restriction of niche signal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ladyzhets
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Matthew Antel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Taylor Simao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nathan Gasek
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ann E. Cowan
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mayu Inaba
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Luo W, Veeran S, Wang J, Li S, Li K, Liu SN. Dual roles of juvenile hormone signaling during early oogenesis in Drosophila. Insect Sci 2020; 27:665-674. [PMID: 31207060 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) signaling plays crucial roles in insect metamorphosis and reproduction. Function of JH signaling in germline stem cells (GSCs) remains largely unknown. Here, we found that the number of GSCs significantly declined in the ovaries of Met, Gce and JHAMT mutants. Then we inhibited JH signaling in selected cell types of ovaries by expressing Met and Gce or Kr-h1 double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) using different Gal4 drivers. Blocking of JH signaling in muscle cells has no effect on GSC numbers. Blocking of JH signaling in cap cells reduced GSCs cells. Inductive expression of Met and Gce dsRNA but not Kr-h1 by Nos-Gal4 increased GSC cells. These results indicate that JH signaling plays an important role in GSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sethuraman Veeran
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Ning Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Xia X, Guan C, Chen J, Qiu M, Qi J, Wei M, Wang X, Zhang K, Lu S, Zhang L, Hua C, Xue S, Yao L. Molecular characterization of AwSox2 from bivalve Anodonta woodiana: Elucidating its player in the immune response. Innate Immun 2020; 26:381-397. [PMID: 31889462 PMCID: PMC7903536 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919897823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sox2 is an embryonal stem cell Ag essential for early embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and immune regulation. In the current study, one complete Sox2 cDNA sequence was cloned from freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana and named AwSox2. Histological changes of testis derived from Bisphenol A (BPA) treatment were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expressions of AwSox2 derived from BPA, LPS and polyinosinic:polycytidylic (Poly I:C) challenge were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The full-length cDNA of AwSox2 contained an open reading frame of 927 nucleotides bearing the typical structural features of Sox2 family. Obvious degeneration, irregular arrangement of spermatids, and clotted dead and intertwined spermatids were observed in BPA-treated groups. Administration of BPA could result in a dose-dependent up-regulation of AwSox2 expression in the male gonadal tissue of A. woodiana. In addition, expression of AwSox2 was significantly induced by LPS and Poly I:C treatment in the hepatopancreas, gill and hemocytes, compared with that of control group. These results indicated that up-regulations of AwSOx2 are closely related to apoptosis of spermatogonial stem cells derived from BPA treatment as well as enhancement of immune defense against LPS and Poly I:C challenge in A. woodiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Xia
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
- Life college of Nanyang Nomal University, Nanyang, Henan
Province, China
| | - Cuiui Guan
- Life college of Nanyang Nomal University, Nanyang, Henan
Province, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Maolin Qiu
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Jinxu Qi
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Mengwei Wei
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Suxiang Lu
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Linguo Zhang
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Chunxiu Hua
- Basic Medicine College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang,
Henan Province, China
| | - Shipeng Xue
- Basic Medicine College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang,
Henan Province, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Life college of Nanyang Nomal University, Nanyang, Henan
Province, China
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13
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Kadekar P, Roy R. AMPK regulates germline stem cell quiescence and integrity through an endogenous small RNA pathway. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000309. [PMID: 31166944 PMCID: PMC6576793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During suboptimal growth conditions, Caenorhabditis elegans larvae undergo a global developmental arrest called “dauer.” During this stage, the germline stem cells (GSCs) become quiescent in an AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner, and in the absence of AMPK, the GSCs overproliferate and lose their reproductive capacity, leading to sterility when mutant animals resume normal growth. These defects correlate with the altered abundance and distribution of a number of chromatin modifications, all of which can be corrected by disabling components of the endogenous small RNA pathway, suggesting that AMPK regulates germ cell integrity by targeting an RNA interference (RNAi)-like pathway during dauer. The expression of AMPK in somatic cells restores all the germline defects, potentially through the transmission of small RNAs. Our findings place AMPK at a pivotal position linking energy stress detected in the soma to a consequent endogenous small RNA–mediated adaptation in germline gene expression, thereby challenging the “permeability" of the Weismann barrier. When energy stress triggers dauer formation in nematodes, the cellular energy sensor AMPK genetically interacts with a small RNA pathway to mediate appropriate chromatin modifications and gene expression to regulate germline stem cell quiescence and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kadekar
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard Roy
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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14
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Yamada M, Cai W, Martin LA, N’Tumba-Byn T, Seandel M. Functional robustness of adult spermatogonial stem cells after induction of hyperactive Hras. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008139. [PMID: 31050682 PMCID: PMC6519842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that paternal age correlates with disease risk in children. De novo gain-of-function mutations in the FGF-RAS-MAPK signaling pathway are known to cause a subset of genetic diseases associated with advanced paternal age, such as Apert syndrome, achondroplasia, Noonan syndrome, and Costello syndrome. It has been hypothesized that adult spermatogonial stem cells with pathogenic mutations are clonally expanded over time and propagate the mutations to offspring. However, no model system exists to interrogate mammalian germline stem cell competition in vivo. In this study, we created a lineage tracing system, which enabled undifferentiated spermatogonia with endogenous expression of HrasG12V, a known pathogenic gain-of-function mutation in RAS-MAPK signaling, to compete with their wild-type counterparts in the mouse testis. Over a year of fate analysis, neither HrasG12V-positive germ cells nor sperm exhibited a significant expansion compared to wild-type neighbors. Short-term stem cell capacity as measured by transplantation analysis was also comparable between wild-type and mutant groups. Furthermore, although constitutively active HRAS was detectable in the mutant cell lines, they did not exhibit a proliferative advantage or an enhanced response to agonist-evoked pERK signaling. These in vivo and in vitro results suggest that mouse spermatogonial stem cells are functionally resistant to a heterozygous HrasG12V mutation in the endogenous locus and that mechanisms could exist to prevent such harmful mutations from being expanded and transmitted to the next generation. Recent research has found that advanced paternal age is associated with increased risk in children to develop a subset of congenital anomalies, such as Apert syndrome, achondroplasia, Noonan syndrome, and Costello syndrome. The causative genetic errors (mutations) in these disorders have been identified to originate from the fathers’ testicles and their numbers increase with fathers’ age. It has been hypothesized that the germline stem cells that continuously self-renew and differentiate to supply sperm (referred as spermatogonial stem cells [SSCs]) carry these mutations and have the ability to expand preferentially as compared to normal SSCs with advancing age of the father, thereby increasing the likelihood of transmission of mutant sperm to the next generation. To test this hypothesis, we created a mouse model, in which a mutation known to enhance cell proliferation is induced in a subset of SSCs, and these cells compete with the neighboring normal (i.e., wild-type) stem cells. However, surprisingly, the germline cell population carrying the mutation in the testis was stable over a year of observation, suggesting that mechanisms could exist to prevent such harmful mutations from being expanded and transmitted to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MY); (MS)
| | - Winson Cai
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Martin
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thierry N’Tumba-Byn
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marco Seandel
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MY); (MS)
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15
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Francis D, Chanana B, Fernandez B, Gordon B, Mak T, Palacios IM. YAP/Yorkie in the germline modulates the age-related decline of germline stem cells and niche cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213327. [PMID: 30943201 PMCID: PMC6447158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties and behaviour of stem cells rely heavily on signaling from the local microenvironment. At the apical end of Drosophila testis, self-renewal and differentiation of germline stem cells (GSCs) are tightly controlled by distinct somatic cells that comprise a specialised stem cell niche known as the hub. The hub maintains GSC homeostasis through adhesion and cell signaling. The Salvador/Warts/Hippo (SWH) pathway, which suppresses the transcriptional co-activator YAP/Yki via a kinase cascade, is a known regulator of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we show that increasing YAP/Yki expression in the germline, as well as reducing Warts levels, blocks the decrease of GSC numbers observed in aging flies, with only a small increase on their proliferation. An increased expression of YAP/Yki in the germline or a reduction in Warts levels also stymies an age-related reduction in hub cell number, suggesting a bilateral relationship between GSCs and the hub. Conversely, RNAi-based knockdown of YAP/Yki in the germline leads to a significant drop in hub cell number, further suggesting the existence of such a SC-to-niche relationship. All together, our data implicate the SWH pathway in Drosophila GSC maintenance and raise questions about its role in stem cell homeostasis in aging organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beatriz Fernandez
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tiffany Mak
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel M. Palacios
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Grive KJ, Hu Y, Shu E, Grimson A, Elemento O, Grenier JK, Cohen PE. Dynamic transcriptome profiles within spermatogonial and spermatocyte populations during postnatal testis maturation revealed by single-cell sequencing. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007810. [PMID: 30893341 PMCID: PMC6443194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the process by which male gametes are formed from a self-renewing population of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) residing in the testis. SSCs represent less than 1% of the total testicular cell population in adults, but must achieve a stable balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Once differentiation has occurred, the newly formed and highly proliferative spermatogonia must then enter the meiotic program in which DNA content is doubled, then halved twice to create haploid gametes. While much is known about the critical cellular processes that take place during the specialized cell division that is meiosis, much less is known about how the spermatocytes in the "first-wave" in juveniles compare to those that contribute to long-term, "steady-state" spermatogenesis in adults. Given the strictly-defined developmental process of spermatogenesis, this study explored the transcriptional profiles of developmental cell stages during testis maturation. Using a combination of comprehensive germ cell sampling with high-resolution, single-cell-mRNA-sequencing, we have generated a reference dataset of germ cell gene expression. We show that discrete developmental stages of spermatogenesis possess significant differences in the transcriptional profiles from neonates compared to juveniles and adults. Importantly, these gene expression dynamics are also reflected at the protein level in their respective cell types. We also show differential utilization of many biological pathways with age in both spermatogonia and spermatocytes, demonstrating significantly different underlying gene regulatory programs in these cell types over the course of testis development and spermatogenic waves. This dataset represents the first unbiased sampling of spermatogonia and spermatocytes during testis maturation, at high-resolution, single-cell depth. Not only does this analysis reveal previously unknown transcriptional dynamics of a highly transitional cell population, it has also begun to reveal critical differences in biological pathway utilization in developing spermatogonia and spermatocytes, including response to DNA damage and double-strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. Grive
- Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Yang Hu
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Eileen Shu
- Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jennifer K. Grenier
- Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Paula E. Cohen
- Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
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17
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Gat I, Maghen L, Filice M, Kenigsberg S, Wyse B, Zohni K, Saraz P, Fisher AG, Librach C. Initial germ cell to somatic cell ratio impacts the efficiency of SSC expansion in vitro. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2018; 64:39-50. [PMID: 29193985 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2017.1406013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogonial Stem Cell (SSC) expansion in vitro remains a major challenge in efforts to preserve fertility among pubertal cancer survivor boys. The current study focused on innovative approaches to optimize SSC expansion. Six- to eight-week-old CD-1 murine testicular samples were harvested by mechanical and enzymatic digestion. Cell suspensions were incubated for differential plating (DP). After DP, we established two experiments comparing single vs. repetitive DP (S-DP and R-DP, respectively) until passage 2 (P2) completion. Each experiment included a set of cultures consisting of 5 floating-to-attached cell ratios (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) and control cultures containing floating cells only. We found similar cell and colony count drops during P0 in both S- and R-DP. During P2, counts increased in S-DP in middle ratios (10, 15, and especially 20) relative to low and high ratios (5 and 25, respectively). Counts dropped extensively in R-DP after passage 2. The superiority of intermediate ratios was demonstrated by enrichment of GFRα1 by qPCR. The optimal ratio of 20 in S-DP contained significantly increased proportions of GFRα1-positive cells (25.8±5.8%) as measured by flow cytometry compared to after DP (1.9±0.7%, p<0.0001), as well as positive immunostaining for GFRα1 and UTF1, with rare Sox9-positive cells. This is the first report of the impact of initial floating-to-attached cell ratios on SSC proliferation in vitro. ABBREVIATIONS SSC: spermatogonial stem cells; DP: differential plating; NOA: non-obstructive azoospermia; MACS: magnetic-activated cells sorting; FACS: fluorescence-activated cells sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Gat
- a CReATe Fertility Centre , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
- b Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program , Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer , Ramat Gan , Israel
- c Sackler Medical School, University of Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Leila Maghen
- a CReATe Fertility Centre , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | | | - Brandon Wyse
- a CReATe Fertility Centre , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Khaled Zohni
- a CReATe Fertility Centre , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Peter Saraz
- a CReATe Fertility Centre , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Clifford Librach
- a CReATe Fertility Centre , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
- d Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
- e Department of Gynecology , Women's College Hospital , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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Lai AG, Aboobaker AA. EvoRegen in animals: Time to uncover deep conservation or convergence of adult stem cell evolution and regenerative processes. Dev Biol 2018; 433:118-131. [PMID: 29198565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
How do animals regenerate specialised tissues or their entire body after a traumatic injury, how has this ability evolved and what are the genetic and cellular components underpinning this remarkable feat? While some progress has been made in understanding mechanisms, relatively little is known about the evolution of regenerative ability. Which elements of regeneration are due to lineage specific evolutionary novelties or have deeply conserved roots within the Metazoa remains an open question. The renaissance in regeneration research, fuelled by the development of modern functional and comparative genomics, now enable us to gain a detailed understanding of both the mechanisms and evolutionary forces underpinning regeneration in diverse animal phyla. Here we review existing and emerging model systems, with the focus on invertebrates, for studying regeneration. We summarize findings across these taxa that tell us something about the evolution of adult stem cell types that fuel regeneration and the growing evidence that many highly regenerative animals harbor adult stem cells with a gene expression profile that overlaps with germline stem cells. We propose a framework in which regenerative ability broadly evolves through changes in the extent to which stem cells generated through embryogenesis are maintained into the adult life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina G Lai
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - A Aziz Aboobaker
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom.
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Eun SH, Feng L, Cedeno-Rosario L, Gan Q, Wei G, Cui K, Zhao K, Chen X. Polycomb Group Gene E(z) Is Required for Spermatogonial Dedifferentiation in Drosophila Adult Testis. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2030-2041. [PMID: 28434938 PMCID: PMC5516936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation is an important process to replenish lost stem cells during aging or regeneration after injury to maintain tissue homeostasis. Here, we report that Enhancer of Zeste [E(z)], a component of the Polycomb repression complex 2 (PRC2), is required to maintain a stable pool of germline stem cells (GSCs) within the niche microenvironment. During aging, germ cells with reduced E(z) activity cannot meet that requirement, but the defect arises from neither increased GSC death nor premature differentiation. Instead, we found evidence that the decrease of GSCs upon the inactivation of E(z) in the germline could be attributed to defective dedifferentiation. During recovery from genetically manipulated GSC depletion, E(z) knockdown germ cells also fail to replenish lost GSCs. Taken together, our data suggest that E(z) acts intrinsically in germ cells to activate dedifferentiation and thus replenish lost GSCs during both aging and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Ho Eun
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Luis Cedeno-Rosario
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Qiang Gan
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Gang Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kairong Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Gat I, Maghen L, Filice M, Wyse B, Zohni K, Jarvi K, Lo KC, Gauthier Fisher A, Librach C. Optimal culture conditions are critical for efficient expansion of human testicular somatic and germ cells in vitro. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:595-605.e7. [PMID: 28259258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To optimize culture conditions for human testicular somatic cells (TSCs) and spermatogonial stem cells. DESIGN Basic science study. SETTING Urology clinic and stem cell research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Eight human testicular samples. INTERVENTIONS(S) Testicular tissues were processed by mechanical and enzymatic digestion. Cell suspensions were subjected to differential plating (DP) after which floating cells (representing germ cells) were removed and attached cells (representing TSCs) were cultured for 2 passages (P0-P1) in StemPro-34- or DMEM-F12-based medium. Germ cell cultures were established in both media for 12 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) TSC cultures: proliferation doubling time (PDT), fluorescence-activated cell sorting for CD90, next-generation sequencing for 89 RNA transcripts, immunocytochemistry for TSC and germ cell markers, and conditioned media analysis; germ cell cultures: number of aggregates. RESULT(S) TSCs had significantly prolonged PDT in DMEM-F12 versus StemPro-34 (319.6 ± 275.8 h and 110.5 ± 68.3 h, respectively). The proportion of CD90-positive cells increased after P1 in StemPro-34 and DMEM-F12 (90.1 ± 10.8% and 76.5 ± 17.4%, respectively) versus after DP (66.3 ± 7%). Samples from both media after P1 clustered closely in the principle components analysis map whereas those after DP did not. After P1 in either medium, CD90-positive cells expressed TSC markers only, and fibroblast growth factor 2 and bone morphogenetic protein 4 were detected in conditioned medium. A higher number of germ cell aggregates formed in DMEM-F12 (59 ± 39 vs. 28 ± 17, respectively). CONCLUSION(S) Use of DMEM-F12 reduces TSC proliferation while preserving their unique characteristics, leading to improved germ cell aggregates formation compared with StemPro-34, the standard basal medium used in the majority of previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Gat
- Create Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler school of medicine, Tel Aviv university, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Leila Maghen
- Create Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Brandon Wyse
- Create Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khaled Zohni
- Create Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Reproductive Health and Family Planning, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Keith Jarvi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirk C Lo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Clifford Librach
- Create Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
This protocol describes a culture method for supporting the maintenance and expansion of a primary mouse undifferentiated spermatogonial population containing spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The doubling time for SSCs in culture is relatively slow. Once established, SSC lines are split 1:2 to 1:4 every 7 d. Therefore, the time required to generate sufficient SSCs for experimentation can be considerable and requires careful planning.
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Abstract
A testis cell fraction enriched for spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) compared with the unfractionated total testis cell population can be isolated from testes after birth and adult stages. This protocol involves dissociating the seminiferous tubules into a single-cell suspension, using enzymes and mechanical disruption. This is followed by the selection of the Thy1+ cell fraction that contains nearly the entire SSC population and is enriched for these cells compared with the total testis cell population. This isolated fraction can be used for molecular studies, transfer into culture to establish primary cultures, or transplantation into the testes of recipients for spermatogenesis. Typically, if the SSCs are destined for transplantation, a marker is included to visualize the clones of spermatogenesis (e.g., lacZ or green fluorescent protein [GFP] transgenes). It is important to note that the isolated Thy1+ cell fraction does not consist of pure SSCs and that most germ cells are non-stem-cell progenitors, and a smaller portion of the population is somatic cells.
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23
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Emami NC, Leong L, Wan E, Van Blarigan EL, Cooperberg MR, Tenggara I, Carroll PR, Chan JM, Witte JS, Simko JP. Tissue Sources for Accurate Measurement of Germline DNA Genotypes in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Radical Prostatectomy. Prostate 2017; 77:425-434. [PMID: 27900799 PMCID: PMC5479703 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign tissue from a tumor-containing organ is commonly the only available source for obtaining a patient's unmutated genome for use in cancer research. While it is critical to identify histologically normal tissue that is independent of the tumor lineage, few additional considerations are applied to the choice of this material for such measurements. METHODS Normal formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded seminal vesicle, and urethral tissues, in addition to whole blood, were collected from 31 prostate cancer patients having undergone radical prostatectomy. Genotype concordance was evaluated for DNA from each tissue source in relation to whole blood. RESULTS Overall, there was a greater genotype call rate for DNA derived from urethral tissue (97.0%) in comparison with patient-matched seminal vesicle tissues (95.9%, P = 0.0015). Furthermore, with reference to patient-matched whole blood, urethral samples exhibited higher genotype concordance (94.1%) than that of seminal vesicle samples (92.5%, P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the heterogeneity between diverse sources of DNA in genotype measurement and motivate the consideration of normal tissue biases in tumor-normal analyses. Prostate 77: 425-434, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima C. Emami
- Program in Biological and Medical Informatics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Lancelote Leong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eunice Wan
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Erin L. Van Blarigan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew R. Cooperberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Imelda Tenggara
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peter R. Carroll
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - June M. Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John S. Witte
- Program in Biological and Medical Informatics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Correspondence to: Jeffry P. Simko, 1825 4th St., Room M2360, San Francisco, CA 94158, 415-353-7171 (Phone), 415-353-7094 (Fax), . John S. Witte, 1450 3rd St., San Francisco, CA 94158, 415-502-6882 (Phone), 415-476-1356 (Fax),
| | - Jeffry P. Simko
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Correspondence to: Jeffry P. Simko, 1825 4th St., Room M2360, San Francisco, CA 94158, 415-353-7171 (Phone), 415-353-7094 (Fax), . John S. Witte, 1450 3rd St., San Francisco, CA 94158, 415-502-6882 (Phone), 415-476-1356 (Fax),
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