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Chaudhry KA, Jacobi JJ, Gillard BM, Karasik E, Martin JC, da Silva Fernandes T, Hurley E, Feltri ML, Attwood KM, Twist CJ, Smiraglia DJ, Long MD, Bianchi-Smiraglia A. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a tumor promoter in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells through suppression of differentiation. iScience 2023; 26:108303. [PMID: 38026169 PMCID: PMC10654598 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. MYCN amplification is detected in almost half of high-risk cases and is associated with poorly differentiated tumors, poor patient prognosis and poor response to therapy, including retinoids. We identify the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a transcription factor promoting the growth and suppressing the differentiation of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. A neuroblastoma specific AhR transcriptional signature reveals an inverse correlation of AhR activity with patients' outcome, suggesting AhR activity is critical for disease progression. AhR modulates chromatin structures, reducing accessibility to regions responsive to retinoic acid. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of AhR results in induction of differentiation. Importantly, AhR antagonism with clofazimine synergizes with retinoic acid in inducing differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we propose AhR as a target for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma and that its antagonism, combined with current standard-of-care, may result in a more durable response in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanita A. Chaudhry
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Justine J. Jacobi
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bryan M. Gillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Karasik
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Martin
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Edward Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maria Laura Feltri
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Foundation I.R.C.C.S. Carlo Besta Neurological Institute Milan, Italy
| | - Kristopher M. Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Clare J. Twist
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dominic J. Smiraglia
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anna Bianchi-Smiraglia
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Zhou L, Chen W, Jiang S, Xu R. In Vitro Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3783-3799. [PMID: 37870685 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is one of the commonest neurodegenerative diseases of adult-onset, which is characterized by the progressive death of motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brain stem and spinal cord. The dysfunction and death of motor neurons lead to the progressive muscle weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, spasticity and ultimately the whole paralysis of body. Despite the identification of several genetic mutations associated with the pathogenesis of ALS, including mutations in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 leading to the abnormal expansion of GGGGCC repeat sequence, TAR DNA-binding protein 43, fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and TANK-binding kinase 1, the exact mechanisms underlying the specific degeneration of motor neurons that causes ALS remain incompletely understood. At present, since the transgenic model expressed SOD1 mutants was established, multiple in vitro models of ALS have been developed for studying the pathology, pathophysiology and pathogenesis of ALS as well as searching the effective neurotherapeutics. This review reviewed the details of present established in vitro models used in studying the pathology, pathophysiology and pathogenesis of ALS. Meanwhile, we also discussed the advantages, disadvantages, cost and availability of each models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Jiangxi Hospital, National Regional Medical Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 266 Fenghe North Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Jiangxi Hospital, National Regional Medical Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 266 Fenghe North Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shishi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Jiangxi Hospital, National Regional Medical Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 266 Fenghe North Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Jiangxi Hospital, National Regional Medical Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 266 Fenghe North Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, China.
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Rykunova EB, Mikeladze MA, Utepova IA, Chupakhin ON, Guzhova IV, Lazarev VF. Approbation of a New Model of Secondary Damage after Traumatic Brain Injury Based on Reprogrammed Rat Embryo Fibroblasts. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2023; 511:235-239. [PMID: 37833611 PMCID: PMC10575796 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672923700345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents a new model of secondary injuries after traumatic brain injury. The model is based on the cultivation of rat embryonic fibroblasts reprogrammed to a neuronal phenotype in the presence of cerebrospinal fluid from injured rats. The presented model was used to test the therapeutic effect of inducers of the synthesis of chaperones from the classes of pyrrolylazines and indolylazines, which have neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Rykunova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M A Mikeladze
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I A Utepova
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - O N Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - I V Guzhova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V F Lazarev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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4
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Li Y, Xiong L, Tang J, Dai R, Li S, Li L. Facilitation of mouse skin-derived precursor growth and yield by optimizing plating density. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:1293-1302. [PMID: 34966853 PMCID: PMC8665902 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple methodologies have been reported to facilitate skin-derived precursor (SKP) growth, but the impact of plating density on SKP growth has not been studied. To determine the optimal plating density, we used six plating densities and two types of flasks for mouse SKP (mSKP) culture. On the 14th day, the number, diameter, and viability of mSKP spheres were compared by morphological assessment and cell counting kit 8, and we found the optimal plating density was 2.5 × 105–5 × 105 cells/mL. In addition, we investigated the correlation between the SKP spheres and the adherent cell colonies in the serum-free culture system. We treated the adherent cell colonies with two culture conditions and characterized the cells generated from two conditions by immunocytochemistry and induced differentiation, respectively. The results elucidated that the adherent cell colonies differentiated into either mSKPs or dermal mesenchymal stem cells under appropriate culture conditions. In conclusion, mSKP spheres differentiated from the adherent cell colonies. The optimal plating density significantly promoted and advanced the proliferation of adherent cell colonies, which optimized mSKP growth and yield. The adherent cell colonies possessed the capacity of differentiating into different types of cells under appropriate culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China.,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Ru Dai
- Department of Dermatology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxin District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
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Thomas AL, Taylor JS, Dunn JCY. Human skin-derived precursor cells xenografted in aganglionic bowel. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:2791-2796. [PMID: 32253016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One in 5000 newborns is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease each year in the United States. The potential of employing neural crest stem cells to restore the enteric nervous system has been investigated. Skin-derived precursor cells (SKPs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate into neurons and gliocytes in vitro and generate enteric ganglion-like structures in rodents. Here we examined the behavior of human SKPs (hSKPs) after their transplantation into a large animal model of colonic aganglionosis. METHODS Juvenile minipigs underwent a chemical denervation of the colon to establish an aganglionosis model. The hSKPs were generated from human foreskin and were cultured in neuroglial-selective medium. Cells were labeled with a fluorescent dye and were injected into the porcine aganglionic colon. After one week, transplanted hSKPs were assessed by immunofluorescence for markers of multipotency and neuroglial differentiation. RESULTS In culture, hSKPs expressed nestin and S100b indicative of neuroglial precursors. After xenografting in pigs, hSKPs were identified in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the colons. The hSKPs expressed nestin and early neuroglial differentiation markers. CONCLUSIONS Human SKPs transplanted into aganglionic colon demonstrated immunophenotypes of neuroglial progenitors, suggesting their potential use for Hirschsprung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Thomas
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway M116, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jordan S Taylor
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway M116, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - James C Y Dunn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway M116, Stanford, CA 94305.
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Madanagopal TT, Franco-Obregón A, Rosa V. Comparative study of xeno-free induction protocols for neural differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104572. [PMID: 31600663 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare three different xeno-free protocols for neural differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). METHODS DPSC were treated with three different media to induce neural differentiation namely N1 (DMEM for 5 days), N2 (PSC neural induction media for 7 days) and N3 (neural media with B27 supplement, 40 ng/ml bFGF and 20 ng/ml EGF for 21 days). Cell proliferation (MTS assay), morphology, gene (qPCR for NESTIN, VIMENTIN, TUB-3, ENO2, NF-M and NF-H) and protein expression (flow cytometry) of neurogenic markers were assessed at different time points and compared to untreated cells (DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS). Statistical analysis was performed with global significance level of 5%. RESULTS N1 and N2 formulations increased the genetic expression of two out of six genes TUB-3, NF-M and TUB-3, NF-H, respectively, whereas N3 elevated the expression of all genes by the late stage. N3 also stimulated protein expression for NESTIN, TUB-3 and NF-H. Cells treated with both N2 and N3 presented neuron-like morphology, decreased proliferation and expression of stemness genes at protocol end point. CONCLUSION N3 was the most effective formulation in promoting a neurogenic shift in gene and protein expression. Cells provided with the N3 formulation exhibited neuron-like morphology, elaborating axonal-like projections concomitant with cell cycle withdrawal and reduced expression of stemness genes indicating greater commitment to a neurogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulasi Thiruvallur Madanagopal
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Centre For Oral Health Singapore, National University Hospital System, Singapore.
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Li Y, Li X, Xiong L, Tang J, Li L. Comparison of phenotypes and transcriptomes of mouse skin-derived precursors and dermal mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 2018; 102:30-39. [PMID: 30056221 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both skin-derived precursors (SKPs) and dermal mesenchymal stem cells (dMSCs) are promising candidates for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. To date the comparison of phenotypes and transcriptomes of mouse SKPs (mSKPs) and dMSCs has never been reported. Here we characterized and compared the biological properties and transcriptomes of mSKP and dMSCs from the same mouse dermis sample. Firstly, we analyzed mSKPs and dMSCs by use of immunocytochemistry, cell cycle analysis, and CD antigen expression. Then we conducted the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic induced differentiation for both cell types. Lastly, we compared their genomic profiles by RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), and verified the results of RNA-Seq by quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The results suggested that mSKPs and dMSCs shared similarities in certain positive stem cells markers expression, but demonstrated difference in Nanog and Oct4 expression. mSKPs and dMSCs demonstrated similar cell cycle distribution and CD antigen expression. Both types of cells could be induced differentiated into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. However, RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR results indicated that mSKPs and dMSCs had distinct transcriptome profiles. The majority of enriched differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from mSKPs was immune-related, while the majority of enriched DEGs from dMSCs was differentiation/development/disease-related. Transcriptome profiles suggested that mSKPs and dMSCs might have potential usage in the relevant morbidity management. These results may indicate a molecular basis for novel stem cell-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Huaxi Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China; Department of dermatology and venerology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 278 Baoguang Ave, Xindu district, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Huaxi Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Huaxi Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Huaxi Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Huaxi Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China.
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Macrin D, Joseph JP, Pillai AA, Devi A. Eminent Sources of Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Imminence. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:741-756. [PMID: 28812219 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the recent times, stem cell biology has garnered the attention of the scientific fraternity and the general public alike due to the immense therapeutic potential that it holds in the field of regenerative medicine. A breakthrough in this direction came with the isolation of stem cells from human embryo and their differentiation into cell types of all three germ layers. However, the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from adult tissues proved to be advantageous over embryonic stem cells due to the ethical and immunological naivety. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) isolated from the bone marrow were found to differentiate into multiple cell lineages with the help of appropriate differentiation factors. Furthermore, other sources of stem cells including adipose tissue, dental pulp, and breast milk have been identified. Newer sources of stem cells have been emerging recently and their clinical applications are also being studied. In this review, we examine the eminent sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), their immunophenotypes, and therapeutic imminence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannie Macrin
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joel P Joseph
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Arikketh Devi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kumar A, Mohanty S, Nandy SB, Gupta S, Khaitan BK, Sharma S, Bhargava B, Airan B. Hair & skin derived progenitor cells: In search of a candidate cell for regenerative medicine. Indian J Med Res 2017; 143:175-83. [PMID: 27121515 PMCID: PMC4859126 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.180205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Skin is an established tissue source for cell based therapy. The hair follicle has been introduced later as a tissue source for cell based therapy. The ease of tissue harvest and multipotent nature of the resident stem cells in skin and hair follicle has promoted basic and clinical research in this area. This study was conducted to evaluate skin stem cells (SSCs) and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) as candidate cells appropriate for neuronal and melanocyte lineage differentiation. METHODS In this study, SSCs and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) were expanded in vitro by explant culture method and were compared in terms of proliferative potential and stemness; differentiation potential into melanocytes and neuronal lineage. RESULTS SSCs were found to be more proliferative in comparison to HFSCs, however, telomerase activity was more in HFSCs in comparison to SSCs. Capacity to differentiate into two lineages of ectoderm origin (neuronal and melanocyte) was found to be different. HFSCs cells showed more propensities towards melanocyte lineage, whereas SSCs were more inclined towards neuronal lineage. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS The study showed that SSCs had differential advantage over the HFSCs for neuronal cell differentiation, whereas, the HFSCs were better source for melanocytic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Girard D, Laverdet B, Buhé V, Trouillas M, Ghazi K, Alexaline MM, Egles C, Misery L, Coulomb B, Lataillade JJ, Berthod F, Desmoulière A. Biotechnological Management of Skin Burn Injuries: Challenges and Perspectives in Wound Healing and Sensory Recovery. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:59-82. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Girard
- University of Limoges, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies (EA 6309), Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Limoges, France
| | - Betty Laverdet
- University of Limoges, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies (EA 6309), Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Limoges, France
| | - Virginie Buhé
- University of Western Brittany, Laboratory of Neurosciences of Brest (EA 4685), Brest, France
| | - Marina Trouillas
- Paris Sud University, Unité mixte Inserm/SSA 1197, IRBA/CTSA/HIA Percy, École du Val de Grâce, Clamart, France
| | - Kamélia Ghazi
- Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS UMR 7338 Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Compiègne, France
| | - Maïa M. Alexaline
- Paris Sud University, Unité mixte Inserm/SSA 1197, IRBA/CTSA/HIA Percy, École du Val de Grâce, Clamart, France
| | - Christophe Egles
- Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS UMR 7338 Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Compiègne, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- University of Western Brittany, Laboratory of Neurosciences of Brest (EA 4685), Brest, France
| | - Bernard Coulomb
- Paris Sud University, Unité mixte Inserm/SSA 1197, IRBA/CTSA/HIA Percy, École du Val de Grâce, Clamart, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Paris Sud University, Unité mixte Inserm/SSA 1197, IRBA/CTSA/HIA Percy, École du Val de Grâce, Clamart, France
| | - François Berthod
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexis Desmoulière
- University of Limoges, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies (EA 6309), Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Limoges, France
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11
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Xiao J, Li Q, Qu P, Zhang Z, Pan S, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Isolation of Bovine Skin-Derived Precursor Cells and Their Developmental Potential After Nuclear Transfer. Cell Reprogram 2016; 18:411-418. [PMID: 27906583 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclei from less differentiated stem cells yield high cloning efficiency. However, pluripotent stem cells are rather difficult to obtain from bovines. Skin-derived precursor (SKPs) cells exhibit a certain degree of pluripotency, which has been shown to enhance the efficiency of nuclear transfer (NT) in pigs. In this study, bovine SKPs were isolated and characterized. Results showed that bovine SKPs expressed nestin, fibronectin, vimentin, pluripotency-related genes, and characteristic neural crest markers, such as NGFR, PAX3, SOX9, SNAI2, and OCT4. Bovine SKPs and fibroblasts were used as NT donor cells to examine and compare the preimplantation developmental potential of reconstructed embryos after somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Bovine SKP-cloned embryos displayed higher developmental competence in terms of blastocyst formation rate and total cell number in blastocysts compared with the bovine embryonic fibroblast-cloned embryos. This study revealed that bovine SKPs may be considered excellent candidate nuclear donors for SCNT and may provide a promising platform for transgenic cattle generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xiao
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Pengxiang Qu
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Shaohui Pan
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
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12
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Cho YA, Kim DS, Song M, Bae WJ, Lee S, Kim EC. Protein Interacting with Never in Mitosis A-1 Induces Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neuronal Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2016; 42:1055-61. [PMID: 27178251 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of protein interacting with never in mitosis A-1 (PIN1) in the neuronal or glial differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and whether PIN1 can regulate determination of neuronal sub-phenotype. METHODS After magnetic-activated cell sorting to separate CD34(+)/c-kit(+)/STRO-1(+) hDPSCs, cells were cultured in neurogenic medium. Differentiation was measured as Nissl staining and marker protein or mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS PIN1 mRNA levels were upregulated in a time-dependent fashion during neurogenic differentiation. The PIN1 inhibitor juglone suppressed neuronal differentiation but promoted glial differentiation as assessed by the number of Nissl-positive cells and mRNA expression of neuronal markers (nestin, βIII-tubulin, and NeuN) and a glial marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Conversely, overexpression of PIN1 by infection with adenovirus-PIN1 increased neuronal differentiation but decreased glial differentiation. Moreover, PIN1 overexpression increased the percentage of glutamatergic and GABAergic cells but decreased that of dopaminergic cells among total NeuN-positive hDPSCs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that PIN1 overexpression induced glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal differentiation but suppressed glial differentiation of hDPSCs, suggesting that enhancing PIN expression is important to obtain human glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons from hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ah Cho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Su Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyeoun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jung Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojung Lee
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Creatine Enhances Transdifferentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cell Into GABAergic Neuron-Like Cells Characterized With Differential Gene Expression. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1978-1991. [PMID: 26910814 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Creatine was reported to induce bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) into GABAergic neuron-like cells (GNLC). In a previous study, creatine was used as a single inducer for BMSC into GNLC with low yield. In this study, BMSC-derived neurospheres (NS) have been used in generating GABAergic phenotype. The BMSC were isolated from adult rats and used in generating neurospheres and used for producing neural stem cells (NSC). A combination of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and creatine was used in order to improve the yield of GNLC. We also used other protocols for the transdifferentiation including RA alone; RA and creatine; RA and CNTF; and RA, CNTF, and creatine. The BMSC, NSC, and GNLC were characterized by specific markers. The activity of the GNLC was evaluated using FM1-43. The isolated BMSC expressed Oct4, fibronectin, and CD44. The NS were immunoreactive to nestin and SOX2, the NSC were immunoreactive to nestin, NF68 and NF160, while the GNLC were immunoreactive to GAD1/2, VGAT, GABA, and synaptophysin. Oct4 and c-MYC, pluripotency genes, were expressed in the BMSC, while SOX2 and c-MYC were expressed in the NSC. The activity of GNLC indicates that the synaptic vesicles were released upon stimulation. The conclusion is that the combination of RA, CNTF, and creatine induced differentiation of neurosphere-derived NSC into GNLC within 1 week. This protocol gives higher yield than the other protocols used in this study. The mechanism of induction was clearly associated with several differential pluripotent genes.
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14
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Differentiation of human skin-derived precursor cells into functional islet-like insulin-producing cell clusters. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:595-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Cholinergic differentiation of neural stem cells generated from cell aggregates-derived from Human Bone marrow stromal cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-014-0019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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16
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Dai X, Lu X, Cheng F, Hao H, Qian T, Yu W, Tang L, Li L. Neurogenin 2 enhances the neuronal differentiation of skin-derived precursors. Int J Neurosci 2014; 125:367-74. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.935375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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A time course analysis of the electrophysiological properties of neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). PLoS One 2014; 9:e103418. [PMID: 25072157 PMCID: PMC4114788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many protocols have been designed to differentiate human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into neurons. Despite the relevance of electrophysiological properties for proper neuronal function, little is known about the evolution over time of important neuronal electrophysiological parameters in iPSC-derived neurons. Yet, understanding the development of basic electrophysiological characteristics of iPSC-derived neurons is critical for evaluating their usefulness in basic and translational research. Therefore, we analyzed the basic electrophysiological parameters of forebrain neurons differentiated from human iPSCs, from day 31 to day 55 after the initiation of neuronal differentiation. We assayed the developmental progression of various properties, including resting membrane potential, action potential, sodium and potassium channel currents, somatic calcium transients and synaptic activity. During the maturation of iPSC-derived neurons, the resting membrane potential became more negative, the expression of voltage-gated sodium channels increased, the membrane became capable of generating action potentials following adequate depolarization and, at day 48–55, 50% of the cells were capable of firing action potentials in response to a prolonged depolarizing current step, of which 30% produced multiple action potentials. The percentage of cells exhibiting miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents increased over time with a significant increase in their frequency and amplitude. These changes were associated with an increase of Ca2+ transient frequency. Co-culturing iPSC-derived neurons with mouse glial cells enhanced the development of electrophysiological parameters as compared to pure iPSC-derived neuronal cultures. This study demonstrates the importance of properly evaluating the electrophysiological status of the newly generated neurons when using stem cell technology, as electrophysiological properties of iPSC-derived neurons mature over time.
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18
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Hussain W, Moens N, Veraitch FS, Hernandez D, Mason C, Lye GJ. Reproducible culture and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells using an automated microwell platform. Biochem Eng J 2013; 77:246-257. [PMID: 23956681 PMCID: PMC3741632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe an automated platform for hands-free ESC expansion and differentiation. Key bioprocess variables were investigated to optimize culture inductions. Cell growth was more consistent with automated ESC expansion than manual culture. ESCs expanded on the automated platform maintained high levels of pluripotency. Cells expressed βIII-tubulin after successful automated neuronal differentiation.
The use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their progeny in high throughput drug discovery and regenerative medicine will require production at scale of well characterized cells at an appropriate level of purity. The adoption of automated bioprocessing techniques offers the possibility to overcome the lack of consistency and high failure rates seen with current manual protocols. To build the case for increased use of automation this work addresses the key question: “can an automated system match the quality of a highly skilled and experienced person working manually?” To answer this we first describe an integrated automation platform designed for the ‘hands-free’ culture and differentiation of ESCs in microwell formats. Next we outline a framework for the systematic investigation and optimization of key bioprocess variables for the rapid establishment of validatable Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Finally the experimental comparison between manual and automated bioprocessing is exemplified by expansion of the murine Oct-4-GiP ESC line over eight sequential passages with their subsequent directed differentiation into neural precursors. Our results show that ESCs can be effectively maintained and differentiated in a highly reproducible manner by the automated system described. Statistical analysis of the results for cell growth over single and multiple passages shows up to a 3-fold improvement in the consistency of cell growth kinetics with automated passaging. The quality of the cells produced was evaluated using a panel of biological markers including cell growth rate and viability, nutrient and metabolite profiles, changes in gene expression and immunocytochemistry. Automated processing of the ESCs had no measurable negative effect on either their pluripotency or their ability to differentiate into the three embryonic germ layers. Equally important is that over a 6-month period of culture without antibiotics in the medium, we have not had any cases of culture contamination. This study thus confirms the benefits of adopting automated bioprocess routes to produce cells for therapy and for use in basic discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Hussain
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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Zavan B, Michelotto L, Lancerotto L, Della Puppa A, D'Avella D, Abatangelo G, Vindigni V, Cortivo R. Neural potential of a stem cell population in the adipose and cutaneous tissues. Neurol Res 2013; 32:47-54. [DOI: 10.1179/174313209x385743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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20
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Blais M, Parenteau-Bareil R, Cadau S, Berthod F. Concise review: tissue-engineered skin and nerve regeneration in burn treatment. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:545-51. [PMID: 23734060 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burns not only destroy the barrier function of the skin but also alter the perceptions of pain, temperature, and touch. Different strategies have been developed over the years to cover deep and extensive burns with the ultimate goal of regenerating the barrier function of the epidermis while recovering an acceptable aesthetic aspect. However, patients often complain about a loss of skin sensation and even cutaneous chronic pain. Cutaneous nerve regeneration can occur from the nerve endings of the wound bed, but it is often compromised by scar formation or anarchic wound healing. Restoration of pain, temperature, and touch perceptions should now be a major challenge to solve in order to improve patients' quality of life. In addition, the cutaneous nerve network has been recently highlighted to play an important role in epidermal homeostasis and may be essential at least in the early phase of wound healing through the induction of neurogenic inflammation. Although the nerve regeneration process was studied largely in the context of nerve transections, very few studies have been aimed at developing strategies to improve it in the context of cutaneous wound healing. In this concise review, we provide a description of the characteristics of and current treatments for extensive burns, including tissue-engineered skin approaches to improve cutaneous nerve regeneration, and describe prospective uses for autologous skin-derived adult stem cells to enhance recovery of the skin's sense of touch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Blais
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, and Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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Human mesenchymal stem cells express neuronal markers after osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2013; 18:163-86. [PMID: 23430457 PMCID: PMC6275956 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-013-0083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are able to differentiate into mesodermal lineages (osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic), but also towards non-mesodermal derivatives (e.g. neural cells). Recent in vitro studies revealed that, in the absence of any kind of differentiation stimuli, undifferentiated MSCs express neural differentiation markers, but the literature data do not all concur. Considering their promising therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases, it is very important to expand our knowledge about this particular biological property of MSCs. In this study, we confirmed the spontaneous expression of neural markers (neuronal, glial and progenitor markers) by undifferentiated human MSCs (hMSCs) and in particular, we demonstrated that the neuronal markers βIII-tubulin and NeuN are expressed by a very high percentage of hMSCs, regardless of the number of culture passages and the culture conditions. Moreover, the neuronal markers βIII-tubulin and NeuN are still expressed by hMSCs after in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. On the other hand, chondrogenically differentiated hMSCs are negative for these markers. Our findings suggest that the expression of neuronal markers could be common to a wide range of cellular types and not exclusive for neuronal lineages. Therefore, the expression of neuronal markers alone is not sufficient to demonstrate the differentiation of MSCs towards the neuronal phenotype. Functional properties analysis is also required.
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22
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Yoshikawa K, Naitoh M, Kubota H, Ishiko T, Aya R, Yamawaki S, Suzuki S. Multipotent stem cells are effectively collected from adult human cheek skin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 431:104-10. [PMID: 23268344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skin-derived precursor (SKP) cells are a valuable resource for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, because they represent multipotent stem cells that differentiate into neural and mesodermal progenies. Previous studies suggest that the stem cell pool decreases with age. Here, we show that human multipotent SKP cells can be efficiently collected from adult cheek/chin skin, even in aged individuals of 70-78years. SKP cells were isolated from 38 skin samples by serum-free sphere culture and examined for the ability to differentiate into neural and mesodermal lineages. The number of spheres obtained from adult facial skin was significantly higher than that of trunk or extremity skin. SKP cells derived from cheek/chin skin exhibited a high ability to differentiate into neural and mesodermal cells relative to those derived from eyelid, trunk, or extremity skin. Furthermore, cheek/chin skin SKP cells were shown to express markers for undifferentiated stem cells, including a high expression level of the Sox9 gene. These results indicate that cheek/chin skin is useful for the recovery of multipotent stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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23
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Wenzel V, Roedl D, Gabriel D, Gordon LB, Herlyn M, Schneider R, Ring J, Djabali K. Naïve adult stem cells from patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome express low levels of progerin in vivo. Biol Open 2012; 1:516-26. [PMID: 23213444 PMCID: PMC3509444 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20121149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS, OMIM 176670) is a rare disorder characterized by segmental accelerated aging and early death from coronary artery disease or stroke. Nearly 90% of HGPS sufferers carry a G608G mutation within exon 11 of LMNA, producing a truncated form of prelamin A, referred to as “progerin”. Here, we report the isolation of naïve multipotent skin-derived precursor (SKP) cells from dermal fibroblast cultures from HGPS donors. These cells form spheres and express the neural crest marker, nestin, in addition to the multipotent markers, OCT4, Sox2, Nanog and TG30; these cells can self-renew and differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts. The SMCs derived from the HGPS-SKPs accumulate nuclear progerin with increasing passages. A subset of the HGPS-naïve SKPs express progerin in vitro and in situ in HGPS skin sections. This is the first in vivo evidence that progerin is produced in adult stem cells, and implies that this protein could induce stem cells exhaustion as a mechanism contributing to aging. Our study provides a basis on which to explore therapeutic applications for HGPS stem cells and opens avenues for investigating the pathogenesis of other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and IMETUM, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
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24
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García-Parra P, Cavaliere F, Maroto M, Bilbao L, Obieta I, López de Munain A, Alava JI, Izeta A. Modeling neural differentiation on micropatterned substrates coated with neural matrix components. Front Cell Neurosci 2012; 6:10. [PMID: 22435050 PMCID: PMC3303083 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Topographical and biochemical characteristics of the substrate are critical for neuronal differentiation including axonal outgrowth and regeneration of neural circuits in vivo. Contact stimuli and signaling molecules allow neurons to develop and stabilize synaptic contacts. Here we present the development, characterization and functional validation of a new polymeric support able to induce neuronal differentiation in both PC12 cell line and adult primary skin-derived precursor cells (SKPs) in vitro. By combining a photolithographic technique with use of neural extracellular matrix (ECM) as a substrate, a biocompatible and efficient microenvironment for neuronal differentiation was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García-Parra
- Biomaterials-Tissue Engineering Unit, Tecnalia Research and Innovation San Sebastian, Spain
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25
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Lebonvallet N, Boulais N, Le Gall C, Chéret J, Pereira U, Mignen O, Bardey V, Jeanmaire C, Danoux L, Pauly G, Misery L. Characterization of neurons from adult human skin-derived precursors in serum-free medium : a PCR array and immunocytological analysis. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:195-200. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Bakhtiari M, Mansouri K, Sadeghi Y, Mostafaie A. Proliferation and differentiation potential of cryopreserved human skin-derived precursors. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:148-57. [PMID: 22260230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Skin-derived precursors are recognized to be a potentially autologous and accessible source of neural precursor cells for drug screening or cell-based treatments, in many neurological disorders. Thus, it is necessary to investigate appropriate methods for cryopreservation of such human skin-derived precursors (hSKPs). The aim of this study was to evaluate different cryopreservation techniques for retention of hSKPs to discover an optimized protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS We cryopreserved hSKPs treated with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% foetal bovine serum (FBS) and three concentrations of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) 5%, 10% and 15%, with two different storage periods in liquid nitrogen (2 days: short-term storage; and 2 months: long-term storage). Then, we assessed survival and proliferation levels of the cells after freeze-thaw processes, by viability measurement and colony-forming assay. For detecting hSKPs, we used immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR assessments. RESULTS Our findings indicated that hSKPs cryopreserved in 5% DMSO without FBS, had better survival and proliferation potentials compared to other working formulations. With various concentrations of cryoprotectants over different time periods, hSKPs retained their differentiation potentiality and were able to differentiate into neurons (NFM and βΙΙΙ tubulin-positive), glial cells (GFAP-positive) and smooth muscle cells (SMA-positive). CONCLUSIONS Results revealed that in only 5% DMSO, hSKPs could be cryopreserved for long-term storage with considerable survival and proliferation levels, without losing multipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bakhtiari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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27
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Piel en el siglo XXI. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(11)70483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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28
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Abbas O, Bhawan J. Expression of stem cell markers nestin and cytokeratin 15 and 19 in cutaneous malignancies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25:311-6. [PMID: 20629844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence is implicating stem cells in the pathogenesis of different cutaneous neoplasms. The immunohistochemical use of stem cell markers has facilitated stem cell identification. While few studies have examined the expression of cytokertatin (CK)15 and cytokeratin (CK)19 in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), only rarely have nestin expression been examined in these two malignancies. Furthermore, stem cell marker expression, to the best of our knowledge, has not been examined in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). METHODS In this study, we examined the expression of stem cell markers CK15, CK19 and nestin in 51 overall cases (11 cases of MCC and 20 cases each of BCC and SCC) retrieved from the pathology files of Skin Pathology Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine. RESULTS Cytokeratin 15 immunoreactivity was observed in 30% of BCC cases and only a single (5%) SCC case, while all MCC cases were negative. While 60% of BCC cases and 30% of SCC cases stained positively with CK19, all MCC cases showed positive immunostaining in a dot-like pattern. While negative in BCC and MCC, nestin expression was interestingly seen in 45% of SCC cases. CONCLUSIONS Our study described the expression profiles of stem cell markers CK15, CK19 and nestin in BCC, SCC and MCC. In addition to confirming results of the previous reports, our study also showed positive nestin expression in around half of SCC cases, which adds this malignancy to the cutaneous tumours that have been so far reported to exhibit nestin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Abbas
- Dermatopathology Section, Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Birbrair A, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Enikolopov GN, Delbono O. Nestin-GFP transgene reveals neural precursor cells in adult skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16816. [PMID: 21304812 PMCID: PMC3033412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy for neural lesions or degenerative diseases relies mainly on finding transplantable active precursor cells. Identifying them in peripheral tissues accessible for biopsy, outside the central nervous system, would circumvent the serious immunological and ethical concerns impeding cell therapy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we isolated neural progenitor cells in cultured adult skeletal muscle from transgenic mice in which nestin regulatory elements control GFP expression. These cells also expressed the early neural marker Tuj1 and light and heavy neurofilament but not S100β, indicating that they express typical neural but not Schwann cell markers. GFP+/Tuj1+ cells were also negative for the endothelial and pericyte markers CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin, respectively. We established their a) functional response to glutamate in patch-clamp recordings; b) interstitial mesenchymal origin; c) replicative capacity; and d) the environment necessary for their survival after fluorescence-activated cell sorting. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We propose that the decline in nestin-GFP expression in muscle progenitor cells and its persistence in neural precursor cells in muscle cultures provide an invaluable tool for isolating a population of predifferentiated neural cells with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maria Laura Messi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Grigori N. Enikolopov
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Labbé B, Marceau-Fortier G, Fradette J. Cell sheet technology for tissue engineering: the self-assembly approach using adipose-derived stromal cells. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 702:429-441. [PMID: 21082420 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61737-960-4_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the past years, adipose tissue has spurred a wide interest, not only as a source of adult multipotent stem cells but also as a highly eligible tissue for reconstructive surgery procedures. Tissue engineering is one field of regenerative medicine progressing at great strides in part due to its important use of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs). The development of diversified technologies combining ASCs with various biomaterials has lead to the reconstruction of numerous types of tissue-engineered substitutes such as bone, cartilage, and adipose tissues from rodent, porcine, or human ASCs. We have recently achieved the reconstruction of connective and adipose tissues composed entirely of cultured human ASCs and their secreted endogenous extracellular matrix components by a methodology known as the self-assembly approach of tissue engineering. The latter is based on the stimulation of ASCs to secrete and assemble matrix components in culture, leading to the production of cell sheets that can be manipulated and further assembled into thicker multilayer tissues. In this chapter, protocols to generate both reconstructed connective and adipocyte-containing tissues using the self-assembly approach are described in detail. The methods include amplification and cell banking of human ASCs, as well as culture protocols for the production of individual stromal and adipose sheets, which are the building blocks for the reconstruction of multilayered human connective and adipose tissues, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Labbé
- LOEX (Laboratoire d'Organogénèse Expérimental Organogenesis Laboratory), Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHA Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
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Sellheyer K, Krahl D. Skin mesenchymal stem cells: Prospects for clinical dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63:859-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Sellheyer K, Krahl D. [Cutaneous mesenchymal stem cells. Current status of research and potential clinical applications]. Hautarzt 2010; 61:429-34. [PMID: 20221573 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-010-1919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Within the next decade stem cell-based therapies can be expected to be part of clinical medicine. In regard to the skin, the focus of stem cell research is on the epidermis and the hair follicle. In 2001, mesenchymal stem cells residing within the dermis were first isolated which have the capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, osteocytes, chondrocytes and even neurons and glia as well as hematopoietic cells of myeloid and erythroid lineage. The perifollicular connective tissue sheath and the papilla represent the likely anatomical niche for these multipotent dermal cells. They have the potential to function as an easily accessible, autologous source for future stem cell transplantation. Potential therapeutic applications include the treatment of acute and steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and arthritis. The neuronal differentiation potential of cutaneous mesenchymal stem cells may also be exploited in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and traumatic spinal injury. The most immediate impact can be expected in the field of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sellheyer
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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33
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Zhao MT, Prather RS. The multi-potentiality of skin-derived stem cells in pigs. Theriogenology 2010; 75:1372-80. [PMID: 20688375 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent skin-derived stem cells represent neural-crest derived precursors which have neural and mesodermal potency and can generate neurons, glias, smooth muscle cells, and adipocytes. Transcriptional profiling studies show that both intrinsic programs and extrinsic signaling pathways mediate their neural and mesodermal potency. In addition, recent progress implies that skin-derived stem cells may have a broader developmental potency than previously expected, of which is their potential to generate germline cells in vitro. In this review, we discuss the transcriptional profiling of multipotency and neural crest-derived characteristics of skin-derived stem cells, and argue for their potential germ-line competency in the view of nuclear and cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tao Zhao
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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34
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Sellheyer K, Krahl D. Spatiotemporal expression pattern of neuroepithelial stem cell marker nestin suggests a role in dermal homeostasis, neovasculogenesis, and tumor stroma development: A study on embryonic and adult human skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63:93-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 07/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Ernst N, Tiede S, Tronnier V, Kruse C, Zechel C, Paus R. An improved, standardised protocol for the isolation, enrichment and targeted neural differentiation of Nestin+ progenitors from adult human dermis. Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:549-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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36
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Sellheyer K, Krahl D. Cutaneous mesenchymal stem cells: status of current knowledge, implications for dermatopathology. J Cutan Pathol 2009; 37:624-34. [PMID: 20002239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell biology is currently making its impact on medicine, which will probably increase over the next decades. It not only influences our therapeutic thinking caused by the enormous plasticity of stem cells but also affects diagnostic and conceptual aspects of dermatopathology. Although our knowledge of the keratinocytic stem cells located within the follicular bulge has exploded exponentially since their discovery in 1990, the concept of cutaneous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is new. Described initially in 2001 in mice, MSCs later were also found in the human dermis. The connective tissue sheath and the papilla of the hair follicle probably represent the anatomical niche for cutaneous MSCs. In line with the cancer stem cell hypothesis, mutations of these cells may be the underlying basis of mesenchymal skin neoplasms, such as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Furthermore, research on cutaneous MSCs may impact our thinking on the interaction of the epithelial component of skin neoplasms with their surrounding stroma. We are only in the early stages to recognize the importance of the potential contributions of cutaneous MSC research to dermatopathology, but it is not inconceivable to assume that they could be tremendous, paralleling the early discovery of the follicular bulge as a stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Sellheyer
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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37
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Sellheyer K, Nelson P, Krahl D. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a tumour of nestin-positive cutaneous mesenchymal stem cells? Br J Dermatol 2009; 161:1317-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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38
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Tiede S, Kloepper JE, Ernst N, Poeggeler B, Kruse C, Paus R. Nestin in Human Skin: Exclusive Expression in Intramesenchymal Skin Compartments and Regulation by Leptin. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:2711-20. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Petschnik A, Klatte J, Evers L, Kruse C, Paus R, Danner S. Phenotypic indications that human sweat glands are a rich source of nestin-positive stem cell populations. Br J Dermatol 2009; 162:380-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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40
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Comparison of adult neurospheres derived from different origins for treatment of rat spinal cord injury. Neurosci Lett 2009; 458:116-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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41
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Larouche D, Lavoie A, Proulx S, Paquet C, Carrier P, Beauparlant A, Auger F, Germain L. La médecine régénératrice : les cellules souches, les interactions cellulaires et matricielles dans la reconstruction cutanée et cornéenne par génie tissulaire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 57:299-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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42
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Basics and Current Approaches to Tissue Engineering in Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1097/wnq.0b013e3181a361c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Zhao M, Isom SC, Lin H, Hao Y, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Whyte JJ, Dobbs KB, Prather RS. Tracing the stemness of porcine skin-derived progenitors (pSKP) back to specific marker gene expression. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2009; 11:111-22. [PMID: 19226215 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2008.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent skin-derived progenitors (SKP) can produce both neural and mesodermal progeny in vitro, sharing the characteristics of embryonic neural crest stem cells. However, the molecular basis for the property of multiple lineage potential and neural crest origin of SKPs is still elusive. Here we report the cooperative expression of pluripotency related genes (POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG, STAT3) and neural crest marker genes (p75NTR, TWIST1, PAX3, SNAI2, SOX9, SOX10) in GFP-transgenic porcine skin-derived progenitors (pSKP). The proportion of cells positive for POU5F1, nestin, fibronectin, and vimentin were 12.3%, 15.1%, 67.9% and 53.7%, showing the heterogeneity of pSKP spheres. Moreover, pSKP cells can generate both neural (neurons and glia) and mesodermal cell types (smooth muscle cells and adipocytes) in vitro, indicating the multiple lineage potency. Four transcription factors (POU5F1, SNAI2, SOX9, and PAX3) were identified that were sensitive to mitogen (FBS) and/or growth factors (EGF and bFGF). We infer that POU5F1, SNAI2, SOX9, and PAX3 may be the key players for maintaining the neural crest derived multipotency of SKP cells in vitro. This study has provided new insight into the molecular mechanism of stemness for somatic-derived stem cells at the level of transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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44
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Abstract
Throughout adult life, the epidermis and the hair follicle undergo a perpetual cycle of growth, regression and rest. Stem cells in the epidermis not only ensure the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis and hair regeneration, but also contribute to repair of the epidermis after injury. These stem cells lie within specific niches in the hair follicle and the epidermis. The availability of monoclonal antibodies that can be used on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue has greatly facilitated the use of this methodology as an adjunct to uncovering stem cell niches. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview of the potential markers available to identify and study stem cells in an effort to providing a better understanding of the pathogenesis of skin diseases including disorders of hair loss and malignancies. The potential uses of these markers in prognosis and in expanding the therapeutic options in several disorders will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Abbas
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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45
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Beaulieu MM, Tremblay PL, Berthod F. [Tissue-engineered models of the nervous system]. Med Sci (Paris) 2009; 25:288-92. [PMID: 19361393 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2009253288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system is extraordinarily complex and exposed to various trauma and degenerative diseases that remain difficult to treat. To facilitate its study, in vitro models were developed by culturing neurons and glial cells in monolayer cultures, or through organotypic cultures of brain or spinal cord slices. These in vitro models were, and are still very helpful for the advancement of neurosciences. However, they are for some studies, either overly simplified, or too complex. The application of tissue engineering to neurosciences offers a new and highly versatile approach to develop accurate models of the nervous system. These models can be engineered in three-dimensions while choosing for each individual component, cellular and molecular, that will compose it. The level of complexity of the model can be adjusted from the simplest to the more complete as needed. For example, through the use of a three-dimensional tissue-engineered model of the spinal cord, it was possible to reproduce the process of myelin sheath formation around motor neuron axons for the first time in vitro. This breakthrough shows the promising potential of tissue engineering in the development of powerful in vitro models of the nervous system. The combination of these models with the use of human adult neurons and glial cells obtained from the differentiation of neural precursor cells isolated from accessible tissues from patients (skin, fat, bone marrow), opens promising perspectives to better understand -neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Michèle Beaulieu
- Laboratoire d'organogenèse expérimentale, Centre de recherche FRSQ du CHA de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement et Département de chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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46
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Tiede S, Ernst N, Bayat A, Paus R, Tronnier V, Zechel C. Basic fibroblast growth factor: A potential new therapeutic tool for the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars. Ann Anat 2009; 191:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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47
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Low CB, Liou YC, Tang BL. Neural differentiation and potential use of stem cells from the human umbilical cord for central nervous system transplantation therapy. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:1670-9. [PMID: 18241062 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human umbilical cord is a rich source of autologous stem and progenitor cells. Interestingly, subpopulations of these, particularly mesenchymal-like cells from both cord blood and the cord stroma, exhibited a potential to be differentiated into neuron-like cells in culture. Umbilical cord blood stem cells have demonstrated efficacy in reducing lesion sizes and enhancing behavioral recovery in animal models of ischemic and traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injury. Recent findings also suggest that neurons derived from cord stroma mesenchymal cells could alleviate movement disorders in hemiparkinsonian animal models. We review here the neurogenic potential of umbilical cord stem cells and discuss possibilities of their exploitation as an alternative to human embryonic stem cells or neural stem cells for transplantation therapy of traumatic CNS injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Bing Low
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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48
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are caused by the death and dysfunction of brain cells, but despite a huge worldwide effort, no neuroprotective treatments that slow cell death currently exist. The failure of translation from animal models to humans in the clinic is due to many factors including species differences, human brain complexity, age, patient variability and disease-specific phenotypes. Additional methods are therefore required to overcome these obstacles in neuroprotective drug development. Incorporating target validation using human brain-tissue microarray screening and direct human brain-cell testing at an early preclinical stage to isolate molecules that protect the human brain may be an effective strategy.
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49
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Yamamoto N, Akamatsu H, Hasegawa S, Yamada T, Nakata S, Ohkuma M, Miyachi EI, Marunouchi T, Matsunaga K. Isolation of multipotent stem cells from mouse adipose tissue. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 48:43-52. [PMID: 17644316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryonic stem (ES) cells, bone marrow, adipose tissue or other genetically modified stem cells are being widely used in basic research in the field of regenerative medicine. However, there is no specific surface antigen that can be used as a marker of multipotent stem cells. OBJECTIVE We tried to isolate and collect putative multipotent stem cells from mouse subcutaneous adipose tissue using the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) as a marker. METHODS Adipose tissue was processed for immunostaining using antibodies anti-CD90, anti-CD105 and anti-Sca-1 as general mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers, and anti-p75NTR, an epithelial stem cell and MSC marker. Subsequently, the expression of cell surface markers in adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction culture cells (ADSVF cells) was examined by flow cytometry (fluorescence-activated cell sorting: FACS). Finally, ADSVF cells positive for p75NTR were sorted and cultured to induce their differentiation into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells and neuronal cells. RESULTS Cells positive for several of these markers were found in the deep layers of adipose tissue. Among them, those positive for p75NTR differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells and neuronal cells. The rate of differentiation into adipocytes, osteoblasts and neuronal cells was higher for p75NTR-positive cells than for p75NTR-negative cells. CONCLUSIONS p75NTR proved to be a useful marker to isolate adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology & Histochemistry, Fujita Health University Joint Research Laboratory, 1-98 Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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50
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Kajahn J, Gorjup E, Tiede S, von Briesen H, Paus R, Kruse C, Danner S. Skin-derived human adult stem cells surprisingly share many features with human pancreatic stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2007; 87:39-46. [PMID: 17881083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple tissue niches in the human body are now recognised to harbour stem cells. Here, we have asked how different adult stem cell populations, isolated from two ontogenetically distinct human organs (skin, pancreas), actually are with respect to a panel of standard markers/characteristics. Here we show that an easily accessible adult human tissue such as skin may serve as a convenient source of adult stem cell-like populations that share markers with stem cells derived from an internal, exocrine organ. Surprisingly, both, human pancreas- and skin-derived stem/progenitor cells demonstrate differentiation patterns across lineage boundaries into cell types of ectoderm (e.g. PGP 9.5+ and GFAP+), mesoderm (e.g. alpha-SMA+) and entoderm (e.g. amylase+ and albumin+). This intriguing differentiation capability warrants systemic follow-up, since it raises the theoretical possibility that an adult human skin-derived progenitor cell population could be envisioned for possible application in cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kajahn
- Fraunhofer Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Group of Cell Differentiation and Cell Technology at the University of Luebeck, MFC Innovationscampus 1, Maria-Goeppert-Strasse 1, D-23538 Luebeck, Germany
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