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Lim SH, Lee H, Lee HJ, Kim K, Choi J, Han JM, Min DS. PLD1 is a key player in cancer stemness and chemoresistance: Therapeutic targeting of cross-talk between the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1479-1487. [PMID: 38945955 PMCID: PMC11297275 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of chemoresistance is a major challenge in the treatment of several types of cancers in clinical settings. Stemness and chemoresistance are the chief causes of poor clinical outcomes. In this context, we hypothesized that understanding the signaling pathways responsible for chemoresistance in cancers is crucial for the development of novel targeted therapies to overcome drug resistance. Among the aberrantly activated pathways, the PI3K-Akt/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is clinically implicated in malignancies such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Aberrant dysregulation of phospholipase D (PLD) has been implicated in several malignancies, and oncogenic activation of this pathway facilitates tumor proliferation, stemness, and chemoresistance. Crosstalk involving the PLD and Wnt/β-catenin pathways promotes the progression of CRC and GBM and reduces the sensitivity of cancer cells to standard therapies. Notably, both pathways are tightly regulated and connected at multiple levels by upstream and downstream effectors. Thus, gaining deeper insights into the interactions between these pathways would help researchers discover unique therapeutic targets for the management of drug-resistant cancers. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which PLD signaling stimulates stemness and chemoresistance in CRC and GBM. Thus, the current review aims to address the importance of PLD as a central player coordinating cross-talk between the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and proposes the possibility of targeting these pathways to improve cancer therapy and overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hun Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuglae Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Choi BM, Cheong JH, Ryu JI, Won YD, Min KW, Han MH. Significant Genes Associated with Mortality and Disease Progression in Grade II and III Glioma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:858. [PMID: 38672212 PMCID: PMC11048596 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a critical role in the tumorigenesis and maintenance of glioma stem cells. This study aimed to evaluate significant genes associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway involved in mortality and disease progression in patients with grade II and III glioma, using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. METHODS We obtained clinicopathological information and mRNA expression data from 515 patients with grade II and III gliomas from the TCGA database. We performed a multivariate Cox regression analysis to identify genes independently associated with glioma prognosis. RESULTS The analysis of 34 genes involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling demonstrated that four genes (CER1, FRAT1, FSTL1, and RPSA) related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were significantly associated with mortality and disease progression in patients with grade II and III glioma. We also identified additional genes related to the four significant genes of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway mentioned above. The higher expression of BMP2, RPL18A, RPL19, and RPS12 is associated with better outcomes in patients with glioma. CONCLUSIONS Using a large-scale open database, we identified significant genes related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway associated with mortality and disease progression in patients with grade II and III gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mi Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (B.M.C.); (J.H.C.); (J.I.R.); (Y.D.W.)
| | - Jin Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (B.M.C.); (J.H.C.); (J.I.R.); (Y.D.W.)
| | - Je Il Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (B.M.C.); (J.H.C.); (J.I.R.); (Y.D.W.)
| | - Yu Deok Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (B.M.C.); (J.H.C.); (J.I.R.); (Y.D.W.)
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu 11759, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hoon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (B.M.C.); (J.H.C.); (J.I.R.); (Y.D.W.)
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Qi Z, Yan Z, Zhu K, Wang Y, Fan Y, Li T, Zhang J. Novel treatment from a botanical formulation Si-Miao-Yong-an decoction inhibits vasa vasorum angiogenesis and stabilizes atherosclerosis plaques via the Wnt1/β-catenin signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1364-1373. [PMID: 37651108 PMCID: PMC10472848 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2249061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Si-Miao-Yong-An (SMYA) has been widely used for the clinical treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). Yet, its complete mechanism of action is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism by which SMYA stabilizes AS plaques from the perspective of inhibiting vasa vasorum (VV) angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used male ApoE-/- mice to establish an AS model. The mice were divided into model, SMYA (11.7 mg/kg/d), and simvastatin (SVTT) (2.6 mg/kg/d) groups. Mice were given SMYA or SVTT by daily gavage for 8 weeks. HE staining, immunofluorescence double-labelling staining, and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the pathological changes in the plaques. Finally, the protein and mRNA expression levels of the Wnt1/β-catenin signalling pathway were detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS SMYA significantly attenuated cholesterol crystallization, and lipid accumulation in AS plaques, resulting in smaller plaque size (0.25 mm2 vs. 0.46 mm2), and lowering ratio of plaque to lumen area (20.04% vs. 38.33%) and VV density (50.64/mm2 vs. 98.02/mm2). Meanwhile, SMYA suppressed both the positive area percentage of Wnt1 (2.53 vs. 3.56), β-catenin (3.33 vs. 5.65) and Cyclin D1 (2.10 vs. 3.27) proteins in the aortic root plaques, and mRNA expression of Wnt1 (1.38 vs. 2.09), β-catenin (2.05 vs. 3.25) and Cyclin D1 (1.39 vs. 2.57). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS SMYA has a protective effect against AS, which may be related to its anti-VV angiogenesis in plaques, suggesting that SMYA has the potential as a novel botanical formulation in the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Qi
- Postdoctoral Research Station of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute of Gerontology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Zhengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yueyao Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Junping Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
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4
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Chien TL, Wu YC, Lee HL, Sung WW, Yu CY, Chang YC, Lin CC, Wang CC, Tsai MC. PNU-74654 Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibits EMT Progression in Pancreatic Cancer. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1531. [PMID: 37763649 PMCID: PMC10532988 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: PNU-74654, a Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, has an antiproliferative effect on many cancer types; however, its therapeutic role in pancreatic cancer (PC) has not yet been demonstrated. Here, the effects of PNU-74654 on proliferation and cell cycle phase distribution were studied in PC cell lines. Materials and Methods: The cancer-related molecular pathways regulated by PNU-74654 were determined by a proteome profiling oncology array and confirmed by western blotting. Results: The cell viability and proliferative ability of PC cells were decreased by PNU-74654 treatment. G1 arrest was observed, as indicated by the downregulation of cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and the upregulation of p27. PNU-74654 inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as determined by an increase in E-cadherin and decreases in N-cadherin, ZEB1, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). PNU-74654 also suppressed cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin and impaired the NF-κB pathway. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that PNU-74654 modulates G1/S regulatory proteins and inhibits the EMT, thereby suppressing PC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The synergistic effect of PNU-74654 and chemotherapy or the exclusive use of PNU-74654 may be therapeutic options for PC and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Long Chien
- Department of Gastroenterology, Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 928, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Cheng Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Yu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chuan Chang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chih Wang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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5
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Kumari S, Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Multiple therapeutic approaches of glioblastoma multiforme: From terminal to therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188913. [PMID: 37182666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer showing poor prognosis. Currently, treatment methods of GBM are limited with adverse outcomes and low survival rate. Thus, advancements in the treatment of GBM are of utmost importance, which can be achieved in recent decades. However, despite aggressive initial treatment, most patients develop recurrent diseases, and the overall survival rate of patients is impossible to achieve. Currently, researchers across the globe target signaling events along with tumor microenvironment (TME) through different drug molecules to inhibit the progression of GBM, but clinically they failed to demonstrate much success. Herein, we discuss the therapeutic targets and signaling cascades along with the role of the organoids model in GBM research. Moreover, we systematically review the traditional and emerging therapeutic strategies in GBM. In addition, we discuss the implications of nanotechnologies, AI, and combinatorial approach to enhance GBM therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India.
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6
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Robertson FL, O'Duibhir E, Gangoso E, Bressan RB, Bulstrode H, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ, Ferguson KM, Blin C, Grant V, Alfazema N, Morrison GM, Pollard SM. Elevated FOXG1 in glioblastoma stem cells cooperates with Wnt/β-catenin to induce exit from quiescence. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112561. [PMID: 37243590 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) display phenotypic and molecular features reminiscent of normal neural stem cells and exhibit a spectrum of cell cycle states (dormant, quiescent, proliferative). However, mechanisms controlling the transition from quiescence to proliferation in both neural stem cells (NSCs) and GSCs are poorly understood. Elevated expression of the forebrain transcription factor FOXG1 is often observed in GBMs. Here, using small-molecule modulators and genetic perturbations, we identify a synergistic interaction between FOXG1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Increased FOXG1 enhances Wnt-driven transcriptional targets, enabling highly efficient cell cycle re-entry from quiescence; however, neither FOXG1 nor Wnt is essential in rapidly proliferating cells. We demonstrate that FOXG1 overexpression supports gliomagenesis in vivo and that additional β-catenin induction drives accelerated tumor growth. These data indicate that elevated FOXG1 cooperates with Wnt signaling to support the transition from quiescence to proliferation in GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye L Robertson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Ester Gangoso
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Raul Bardini Bressan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Harry Bulstrode
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Maria-Ángeles Marqués-Torrejón
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Kirsty M Ferguson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Carla Blin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Vivien Grant
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Neza Alfazema
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Gillian M Morrison
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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7
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Effects of a monoclonal antibody against (pro)renin receptor on gliomagenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:808. [PMID: 36646875 PMCID: PMC9842725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by a strong self-renewal potential and poor differentiated state. We have reported previously that the (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] is a potential target for glioma therapy by silencing the (P)RR gene. Here, we have examined the effects of a monoclonal antibody against (P)RR on gliomagenesis. Human glioma cell lines (U251MG and U87MG) and a glioma stem cell line (MGG23) were used for the in vitro study. The expressions of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (Wnt signaling pathway) components and stemness markers were measured by Western blotting. The effects of the (P)RR antibody on cell proliferation, sphere formation, apoptosis and migration were also examined. Subcutaneous xenografts were also examined in nude mice. Treatment with the (P)RR antibody reduced expression of Wnt signaling pathway components and stemness markers. Furthermore, the (P)RR antibody reduced cell proliferation and decreased sphere formation significantly. The treatment also suppressed migration and induced apoptosis. In a subcutaneous xenograft model, systemic administration of the (P)RR antibody reduced tumor volume significantly. These data show that treatment with the (P)RR antibody is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating glioblastoma.
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8
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Fahmy SA, Dawoud A, Zeinelabdeen YA, Kiriacos CJ, Daniel KA, Eltahtawy O, Abdelhalim MM, Braoudaki M, Youness RA. Molecular Engines, Therapeutic Targets, and Challenges in Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Special Emphasis on Hydrogen Sulfide and RNA-Based Nano-Delivery. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5244. [PMID: 36358663 PMCID: PMC9657918 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric primary brain tumors represent a real challenge in the oncology arena. Besides the psychosocial burden, brain tumors are considered one of the most difficult-to-treat malignancies due to their sophisticated cellular and molecular pathophysiology. Notwithstanding the advances in research and the substantial efforts to develop a suitable therapy, a full understanding of the molecular pathways involved in primary brain tumors is still demanded. On the other hand, the physiological nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the efficiency of many available treatments, including molecular therapeutic approaches. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), as a member of the gasotransmitters family, and its synthesizing machinery have represented promising molecular targets for plentiful cancer types. However, its role in primary brain tumors, generally, and pediatric types, particularly, is barely investigated. In this review, the authors shed the light on the novel role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a prominent player in pediatric brain tumor pathophysiology and its potential as a therapeutic avenue for brain tumors. In addition, the review also focuses on the challenges and opportunities of several molecular targeting approaches and proposes promising brain-delivery strategies for the sake of achieving better therapeutic results for brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Ashraf Fahmy
- Chemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, R5 New Capital City, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Dawoud
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Yousra Ahmed Zeinelabdeen
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Faculty of Medical Sciences/UMCG, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Joseph Kiriacos
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Kerolos Ashraf Daniel
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Omar Eltahtawy
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Miriam Mokhtar Abdelhalim
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- Clinical, Pharmaceutical, and Biological Science Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Rana A. Youness
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo 11835, Egypt
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9
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Riess C, del Moral K, Fiebig A, Kaps P, Linke C, Hinz B, Rupprecht A, Frank M, Fiedler T, Koczan D, Troschke-Meurer S, Lode HN, Engel N, Freitag T, Classen CF, Maletzki C. Implementation of a combined CDK inhibition and arginine-deprivation approach to target arginine-auxotrophic glioblastoma multiforme cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:555. [PMID: 35717443 PMCID: PMC9206658 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) or arginine auxotrophy are hallmarks of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The latter metabolic defect renders tumor cells vulnerable to arginine-depleting substances, such as arginine deiminase from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpyADI). Previously, we confirmed the susceptibility of patient-derived GBM cells towards SpyADI as well as CDK inhibitors (CDKis). To improve therapeutic effects, we here applied a combined approach based on SpyADI and CDKis (dinaciclib, abemaciclib). Three arginine-auxotrophic patient-derived GBM lines with different molecular characteristics were cultured in 2D and 3D and effects of this combined SpyADI/CDKi approach were analyzed in-depth. All CDKi/SpyADI combinations yielded synergistic antitumoral effects, especially when given sequentially (SEQ), i.e., CDKi in first-line and most pronounced in the 3D models. SEQ application demonstrated impaired cell proliferation, invasiveness, and viability. Mitochondrial impairment was demonstrated by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and decreasing oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate after SpyADI/abemaciclib monotherapy or its combination regimens. The combined treatment even induced autophagy in target cells (abemaciclib/SpyADI > dinaciclib/SpyADI). By contrast, the unfolded protein response and p53/p21 induced senescence played a minor role. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed damaged mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum together with increased vacuolization under CDKi mono- and combination therapy. SEQ-abemaciclib/SpyADI treatment suppressed the DSB repair system via NHEJ and HR, whereas SEQ-dinaciclib/SpyADI treatment increased γ-H2AX accumulation and induced Rad51/Ku80. The latter combination also activated the stress sensor GADD45 and β-catenin antagonist AXIN2 and induced expression changes of genes involved in cellular/cytoskeletal integrity. This study highlights the strong antitumoral potential of a combined arginine deprivation and CDK inhibition approach via complex effects on mitochondrial dysfunction, invasiveness as well as DNA-damage response. This provides a good starting point for further in vitro and in vivo proof-of-concept studies to move forward with this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Riess
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454University Children’s Hospital, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany ,grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina del Moral
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454University Children’s Hospital, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Adina Fiebig
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Philipp Kaps
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454University Children’s Hospital, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany ,grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany ,grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Charlotte Linke
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454University Children’s Hospital, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Rupprecht
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcus Frank
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Center, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany ,grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Department of Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tomas Fiedler
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Institute for Immunology, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sascha Troschke-Meurer
- grid.5603.0Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger N. Lode
- grid.5603.0Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nadja Engel
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Freitag
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Carl Friedrich Classen
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454University Children’s Hospital, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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10
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Crosstalk between β-Catenin and CCL2 Drives Migration of Monocytes towards Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094562. [PMID: 35562953 PMCID: PMC9101913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM) is a fast growing and highly heterogeneous tumor, often characterized by the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). The plasticity of GSCs results in therapy resistance and impairs anti-tumor immune response by influencing immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Previously, β-catenin was associated with stemness in GBM as well as with immune escape mechanisms. Here, we investigated the effect of β-catenin on attracting monocytes towards GBM cells. In addition, we evaluated whether CCL2 is involved in β-catenin crosstalk between monocytes and tumor cells. Our analysis revealed that shRNA targeting β-catenin in GBMs reduces monocytes attraction and impacts CCL2 secretion. The addition of recombinant CCL2 restores peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) migration towards medium (TCM) conditioned by shβ-catenin GBM cells. CCL2 knockdown in GBM cells shows similar effects and reduces monocyte migration to a similar extent as β-catenin knockdown. When investigating the effect of CCL2 on β-catenin activity, we found that CCL2 modulates components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and alters the clonogenicity of GBM cells. In addition, the pharmacological β-catenin inhibitor MSAB reduces active β-catenin, downregulates the expression of associated genes and alters CCL2 secretion. Taken together, we showed that β-catenin plays an important role in attracting monocytes towards GBM cells in vitro. We hypothesize that the interactions between β-catenin and CCL2 contribute to maintenance of GSCs via modulating immune cell interaction and promoting GBM growth and recurrence.
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11
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Zheng Y, Xiao M, Zhang J, Chang F. Micro RNA-640 Targeting SLIT1 Enhances Glioma Radiosensitivity by Restraining the Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Br J Biomed Sci 2022; 79:10067. [PMID: 35996510 PMCID: PMC9302537 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2022.10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of miR-640–SLIT1 axis and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on radiosensitivity of glioma cells.Methods: Relative expressions of miR-640 and slit guidance ligand 1 (SLIT1) in glioma tissues and glioma cell lines U251 and A172 were detected using RT-qPCR. The cell lines were transfected with si-SLIT1 or miR-640 inhibitor to study the radiosensitivity of glioma cells. We detected cell activity using CCK-8 assay, cell migration using wound healing assay, cell invasion using transwell assay, and apoptosis using caspase-3 assay.Results: SLIT1 was upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines, and inversely correlated with radiation sensitivity. Its knockdown reduced radioresistance, migration, and invasion, but increased apoptosis in U251 and A17 cells. Loss of miR-640 activity upregulated SLIT1, Wnt, and β-catenin protein expression, whereas it inhibited p-GSK-3β protein levels in U251 and A17 cells. These results suggest that miR-640 mediates the radiosensitivity of glioma cells through SLIT1 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Conclusion: The miR-640–SLIT1 axis that regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a possible therapeutic option for the effective treatment of glioma in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingqiong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Chang,
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12
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Barzegar Behrooz A, Talaie Z, Jusheghani F, Łos MJ, Klonisch T, Ghavami S. Wnt and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Survival Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031353. [PMID: 35163279 PMCID: PMC8836096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating type of brain tumor, and current therapeutic treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are palliative at best. The design of effective and targeted chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of GBM require a thorough analysis of specific signaling pathways to identify those serving as drivers of GBM progression and invasion. The Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathways are key regulators of important biological functions that include cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), metabolism, and angiogenesis. Targeting specific regulatory components of the Wnt/β-catenin and PAM pathways has the potential to disrupt critical brain tumor cell functions to achieve critical advancements in alternative GBM treatment strategies to enhance the survival rate of GBM patients. In this review, we emphasize the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin and PAM pathways for GBM invasion into brain tissue and explore their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Brain Cancer Department, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (A.B.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zahra Talaie
- Brain Cancer Department, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (A.B.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Fatemeh Jusheghani
- Department of Biotechnology, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran;
| | - Marek J. Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
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13
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Zuo J, Liu C, Ni H, Yu Z. WDR34 affects PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways to regulates malignant biological behaviors of glioma cells. J Neurooncol 2022; 156:281-293. [PMID: 34981299 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioma is the most prevalent primary intracranial tumor globally. WDR34, a member of the WDR superfamily with five WD40 repeats, is involved in the pathogenesis of several tumors. However, the role of WDR34 in glioma progression is unknown. METHODS The expression and prognostic significance of WDR34 in glioma patients were analyzed using GEPIA. WDR34 expression was detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot was employed to determine the expression of Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)2, MMP9, phosphatase and tensin homolog, protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated Akt, β-catenin, and c-Myc. CCK-8, BrdU incorporation assay, Transwell invasion assay, flow cytometry analysis, and measurement of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities were conducted to examine the effects of WDR34 knockdown on glioma cells. RESULTS WDR34 was upregulated in glioma, which predicted a poor prognosis in glioma patients. WDR34 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and reduced the expression of Ki67 and PCNA in glioma cells. WDR34 knockdown repressed the invasive ability of glioma cells by decreasing MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. WDR34 knockdown increased the apoptotic rate and caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities in glioma cells. The PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were inhibited after WDR34 knockdown in glioma cells. Moreover, overexpression of Akt or β-catenin reversed the function of WDR34 knockdown on proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. WDR34 knockdown reduced tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS WDR34 knockdown inhibited malignant biological behaviors of glioma cells by inactivating the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lianshui People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzao Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Hemmati-Dinarvand M, Ahmadvand H, Seghatoleslam A. Nitazoxanide and Cancer Drug Resistance: Targeting Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway. Arch Med Res 2021; 53:263-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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15
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Feng F, Zhao Z, Zhou Y, Cheng Y, Wu X, Heng X. CUX1 Facilitates the Development of Oncogenic Properties Via Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Glioma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:705008. [PMID: 34422906 PMCID: PMC8377541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.705008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Homeobox cut like 1 (CUX1), which often presents aberrated expression in many cancer cells, exerts a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Evidence describing CUX1 in gliomagenesis is scarce, and the effects of CUX1 on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have not been reported. Our study aimed to explore the biological functions and molecular mechanisms involved in CUX1 activity in glioma. Methods: Datasets for bioinformatics analysis were obtained from the GEO, TCGA, CGGA, GTEX and CCLE databases. qRT-PCR, western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were used to investigate the expression patterns of CUX1 among glioma and brain tissues. CUX1 knockdown and overexpression vectors were transfected into glioma cell lines, the CCK-8, clone formation assay, wound healing, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry were performed to detect changes in cell viability, invasiveness, and the cell cycle. WB and immunofluorescence (IF) assays were used to explore changes in cell cycle-related and Wnt/β-catenin signaling protein levels. Results: Overexpression of CUX1 was identified in glioma tissues, and especially in glioblastoma (GBM), when compared to normal controls and correlated with poor prognosis. In comparison with untreated cells, TJ905 glioma cells overexpressing CUX1 showed higher proliferation and invasion abilities and S phase cell-cycle arrest, while the knockdown of CUX1 suppressed cell invasive ability and induced G1 phase arrest. Active Wnt/β-catenin signaling was enriched and clustered in a CUX1-associated GSEA/GSVA analysis. IF and WB assays indicated that CUX1 regulated the distribution of Axin2/β-catenin in glioma cells and regulated the expression of proteins downstream of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that CUX1 served as an upstream positive regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Finally, the knockdown of Axin2 or β-catenin could reverse the tumor-promoting effects caused by CUX1 overexpression, suggesting that CUX1 induced gliomagenesis and malignant phenotype by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our data suggested that the transcription factor CUX1 could be a novel therapeutic target for glioma with gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Zongqing Zhao
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yanhao Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiujie Wu
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xueyuan Heng
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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16
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Ramaiah MJ, Kumar KR. mTOR-Rictor-EGFR axis in oncogenesis and diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4813-4835. [PMID: 34132942 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the aggressive brain cancers with patients having less survival period upto 12-15 months. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase, belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway and is involved in various cellular processes of cancer cells. Cancer metabolism is regulated by mTOR and its components. mTOR forms two complexes as mTORC1 and mTORC2. Studies have identified the key component of the mTORC2 complex, Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (Rictor) plays a prominent role in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and metabolism. Apart, growth factor receptor signaling such as epidermal growth factor signaling mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates cancer-related processes. In EGFR signaling various other signaling cascades such as phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR pathway) and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) -dependent signaling cross-talk each other. From various studies about GBM, it is very well established that Rictor and EGFR mediated signaling pathways majorly playing a pivotal role in chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the EGFR and Rictor and sensitize the cells towards chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, understanding of microRNA mediated regulation of EGFR and Rictor will help in cancer prevention and management as well as a future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Rohil Kumar
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Chaudhary R, Morris RJ, Steinson E. The multifactorial roles of microglia and macrophages in the maintenance and progression of glioblastoma. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 357:577633. [PMID: 34153803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The functional characteristics of glial cells, in particular microglia, have attained considerable importance in several diseases, including glioblastoma, the most hostile and malignant type of intracranial tumor. Microglia performs a highly significant role in the brain's inflammatory response mechanism. They exhibit anti-tumor properties via phagocytosis and the activation of a number of different cytotoxic substances. Some tumor-derived factors, however, transform these microglial cells into immunosuppressive and tumor-supportive, facilitating survival and progression of tumorigenic cells. Glioma-associated microglia and/or macrophages (GAMs) accounts for a large proportion of glioma infiltrating cells. Once within the tumor, GAMs exhibit a distinct phenotype of initiation that subsequently supports the growth and development of tumorigenic cells, angiogenesis and stimulates the infiltration of healthy brain regions. Interventions that suppress or prohibit the induction of GAMs at the tumor site or attenuate their immunological activities accommodating anti-tumor actions are likely to exert positive impact on glioblastoma treatment. In the present paper, we aim to summarize the most recent knowledge of microglia and its physiology, as well as include a very brief description of different molecular factors involved in microglia and glioblastoma interplay. We further address some of the major signaling pathways that regulate the baseline motility of glioblastoma progression. Finally, we discussed a number of therapeutic approaches regarding glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India.
| | - Rhianna J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Steinson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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18
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. Opposed Interplay between IDH1 Mutations and the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway: Added Information for Glioma Classification. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060619. [PMID: 34070746 PMCID: PMC8229353 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the main common primary intraparenchymal brain tumor in the central nervous system (CNS), with approximately 7% of the death caused by cancers. In the WHO 2016 classification, molecular dysregulations are part of the definition of particular brain tumor entities for the first time. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Several studies have shown that 75% to 80% of secondary glioblastoma (GBM) showed IDH1 mutations, whereas only 5% of primary GBM have IDH1 mutations. IDH1 mutations lead to better overall survival in gliomas patients. IDH1 mutations are associated with lower stimulation of the HIF-1α a, aerobic glycolysis and angiogenesis. The stimulation of HIF-1α and the process of angiogenesis appears to be activated only when hypoxia occurs in IDH1-mutated gliomas. In contrast, the observed upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in gliomas is associated with proliferation, invasion, aggressive-ness and angiogenesis.. Molecular pathways of the malignancy process are involved in early stages of WNT/β-catenin pathway-activated-gliomas, and this even under normoxic conditions. IDH1 mutations lead to decreased activity of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and its enzymatic targets. The opposed interplay between IDH1 mutations and the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in gliomas could participate in better understanding of the observed evolution of different tumors and could reinforce the glioma classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100 Meaux, France;
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80000 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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19
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Jean-Quartier C, Jeanquartier F, Ridvan A, Kargl M, Mirza T, Stangl T, Markaĉ R, Jurada M, Holzinger A. Mutation-based clustering and classification analysis reveals distinctive age groups and age-related biomarkers for glioma. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021; 21:77. [PMID: 33639927 PMCID: PMC7913451 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-021-01420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant brain tumor diseases exhibit differences within molecular features depending on the patient's age. METHODS In this work, we use gene mutation data from public resources to explore age specifics about glioma. We use both an explainable clustering as well as classification approach to find and interpret age-based differences in brain tumor diseases. We estimate age clusters and correlate age specific biomarkers. RESULTS Age group classification shows known age specifics but also points out several genes which, so far, have not been associated with glioma classification. CONCLUSIONS We highlight mutated genes to be characteristic for certain age groups and suggest novel age-based biomarkers and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Jean-Quartier
- Human-Centered AI Lab (Holzinger Group), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2/V, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Fleur Jeanquartier
- Human-Centered AI Lab (Holzinger Group), Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2/V, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Aydin Ridvan
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Kargl
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tica Mirza
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Stangl
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Robi Markaĉ
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Mauro Jurada
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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20
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Sun D, Yang S, Zhang X, Li S, Wang L, Chen J, Qiu C, Xu K. Forkhead box protein O3a promotes glioma cell resistance to temozolomide by regulating matrix metallopeptidase and β-catenin. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:328. [PMID: 33692860 PMCID: PMC7933757 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of malignant brain tumor. GBM is currently treated with temozolomide (TMZ), although patients often exhibit resistance to this agent. Although several mechanisms underlying the resistance of GBM to TMZ have been identified, the combination of these mechanisms is not sufficient to fully account for this phenomenon. Our previous study demonstrated that knocking down the Forkhead box protein O3a (FoxO3a) gene, a member of the FoxO subfamily of transcription factors, resulted in glioma cell sensitization to TMZ, accompanied by reduced levels of nuclear β-catenin. The aim of the present study was to specify how FoxO3a and β-catenin are implicated in glioma cell TMZ resistance. Using the U87 and U251 parental cell lines (also designated as sensitive cell lines) and corresponding resistant cell lines (U87-TR and U251-TR, generated by repeated TMZ treatments), coupled with a combined knockdown/overexpression strategy, it was revealed that FoxO3a or β-catenin overexpression in TMZ-treated U87 and U251 cells markedly increased cellular proliferation; co-expression of both FoxO3a and β-catenin resulted in the highest increase. Knockdown of either FoxO3a or β-catenin in U87-TR and U251-TR cells led to a significant decrease in cell viability, which was rescued by the re-expression of FoxO3a in FoxO3a-knockdown cells. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that, in U87-TR and U251-TR cells, FoxO3a knockdown significantly reduced the protein levels of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)9, while overexpression of FoxO3a in U87 and U251 cells enhanced the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, concomitantly with an increase in MMP9 levels. Furthermore, MMP9 knockdown markedly reduced the levels of nuclear β-catenin. Collectively, the findings of the present study suggest that FoxO3a may regulate the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin by modulating MMP9 expression, thereby rendering glioblastoma cells resistant to TMZ, and may provide unique molecular insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of TMZ resistance in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datong Sun
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
| | - Shenghui Yang
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, P.R. China
| | - Sai Li
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
| | - Chun Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Clinical Immunology Section, School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
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21
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TSG101 Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Glioma Cells by Regulating the AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin and RhoC/Cofilin Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2118-2132. [PMID: 33411238 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) has been reported to play important roles in the development and progression of several human cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its potential roles and underlined mechanisms in human glioma are still needed to be further clarified. This study was designed to assess the expression of TSG101 in glioma patients and its effects on glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Publicly available data revealed that TSG101 mRNA was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues, and high levels of TSG101 were associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. Western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments further showed that the expression level of TSG101 protein was significantly upregulated in glioma patients, especially in the patients with high-grade glioma. The functional studies showed that knockdown of TSG101 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, while overexpression of TSG101 facilitated them. Mechanistic studies indicated that the proliferation, migration, and invasion induced by TSG101 in human glioma were related to AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin and RhoC/Cofilin signaling pathways. In conclusion, the above results suggest that the expression of TSG101 is elevated in glioma patients, which accelerates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells by regulating the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin and RhoC/Cofilin pathways.
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22
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Kang DW, Hwang WC, Noh YN, Park KS, Min DS. Phospholipase D1 inhibition sensitizes glioblastoma to temozolomide and suppresses its tumorigenicity. J Pathol 2020; 252:304-316. [PMID: 32725633 PMCID: PMC7693208 DOI: 10.1002/path.5519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Resistance of glioblastoma to the chemotherapeutic compound temozolomide is associated with the presence of glioblastoma stem cells in glioblastoma and is a key obstacle for the poor prognosis of glioblastoma. Here, we show that phospholipase D1 is elevated in CD44High glioblastoma stem cells and in glioblastoma, especially recurring glioblastoma. Phospholipase D1 elevation positively correlated with the level of CD44 and poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. Temozolomide significantly upregulated the expression of phospholipase D1 in the low and moderate CD44 populations of glioblastoma stem cells, but not in the CD44High population in which phospholipase D1 is highly expressed. Phospholipase D1 conferred resistance to temozolomide in CD44High glioblastoma stem cells and increased their self‐renewal capacity and maintenance. Phospholipase D1 expression significantly correlated with levels of temozolomide resistance factors, which were suppressed by microRNA‐320a and ‐4496 induced by phospholipase D1 inhibition. Genetic and pharmacological targeting of phospholipase D1 attenuated glioblastoma stem cell‐derived intracranial tumors of glioblastoma using the microRNAs, and improved survival. Treatment solely with temozolomide produced no benefits on the glioblastoma, whereas in combination, phospholipase D1 inhibition sensitized glioblastoma stem cells to temozolomide and reduced glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Together, these findings indicate that phospholipase D1 inhibition might overcome resistance to temozolomide and represents a potential treatment strategy for glioblastoma. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chan Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Na Noh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Seo Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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23
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Liu J, Gao L, Zhan N, Xu P, Yang J, Yuan F, Xu Y, Cai Q, Geng R, Chen Q. Hypoxia induced ferritin light chain (FTL) promoted epithelia mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance of glioma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:137. [PMID: 32677981 PMCID: PMC7364815 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypoxia, a fundamental characteristic of glioma, is considered to promote tumor malignancy by inducing process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Ferritin Light Chain (FTL) is one of the iron metabolism regulators and is overexpressed in glioma. However, relationship between hypoxia and FTL expression and its role in regulating EMT remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot and public datasets were used to evaluate FTL level in glioma. Wound healing, transwell assays, CCK8, annexin V staining assay were used to measure migration, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro. Interaction between HIF1A and FTL was assessed by luciferase reporter and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Subcutaneous xenograft model was established to investigate in vivo growth. Results FTL expression was enriched in high grade glioma (HGG) and its expression significantly associated with IDH1/2 wildtype and unfavorable prognosis of glioma patients. FTL expression positively correlated with HIF1A in glioma tissues and obviously increased in U87 and U251 cells under hypoxia in a time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, HIF-1α regulates FTL expression by directly binding to HRE-3 in FTL promoter region. Furthermore, we found that knockdown FTL dramatically repressed EMT and reduced migration and invasion of glioma by regulating AKT/GSK3β/ β-catenin signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, our study found downregulation FTL decreased the survival rate and increased the apoptosis of glioma cells treated with temozolomide (TMZ). FTL expression segregated glioma patients who were treated with TMZ or with high MGMT promoter methylation into survival groups in TCGA dataset. Patients with methylated MGMT who had high FTL expression presented similar prognosis with patients with unmethylated MGMT. Conclusion Our study strongly suggested that hypoxia-inducible FTL was a regulator of EMT and acted not only as a prognostic marker but also a novel biomarker of response to TMZ in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji'an Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan'en Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rongxin Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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24
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Jahangiri L, Tsaprouni L, Trigg RM, Williams JA, Gkoutos GV, Turner SD, Pereira J. Core regulatory circuitries in defining cancer cell identity across the malignant spectrum. Open Biol 2020; 10:200121. [PMID: 32634370 PMCID: PMC7574545 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression programmes driving cell identity are established by tightly regulated transcription factors that auto- and cross-regulate in a feed-forward manner, forming core regulatory circuitries (CRCs). CRC transcription factors create and engage super-enhancers by recruiting acetylation writers depositing permissive H3K27ac chromatin marks. These super-enhancers are largely associated with BET proteins, including BRD4, that influence higher-order chromatin structure. The orchestration of these events triggers accessibility of RNA polymerase machinery and the imposition of lineage-specific gene expression. In cancers, CRCs drive cell identity by superimposing developmental programmes on a background of genetic alterations. Further, the establishment and maintenance of oncogenic states are reliant on CRCs that drive factors involved in tumour development. Hence, the molecular dissection of CRC components driving cell identity and cancer state can contribute to elucidating mechanisms of diversion from pre-determined developmental programmes and highlight cancer dependencies. These insights can provide valuable opportunities for identifying and re-purposing drug targets. In this article, we review the current understanding of CRCs across solid and liquid malignancies and avenues of investigation for drug development efforts. We also review techniques used to understand CRCs and elaborate the indication of discussed CRC transcription factors in the wider context of cancer CRC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahangiri
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Loukia Tsaprouni
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ricky M Trigg
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Functional Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - John A Williams
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Georgios V Gkoutos
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Health Data Research, UK.,NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joao Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
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25
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Wang M, Li Q, Yu S, Zhang Z, Qiu P, Zhang Y, Yang W, Xu G, Xu T. Coronin 3 Promotes the Development of Oncogenic Properties in Glioma Through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6661-6673. [PMID: 32764958 PMCID: PMC7371924 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s257001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence indicates that the actin-binding protein Coronin 3, which is aberrantly expressed in various cancers, is associated with cancer development and progression. However, little is known about the role of Coronin 3 in glioma tumorigenesis. Here, we aimed to explore the biological function and regulatory mechanism of Coronin 3 in glioblastoma (GBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Coronin 3 level in human GBM clinical samples and cell lines was investigated. The shRNA knockdown strategy was used to assess the tumor characteristics of GBM cell lines. The role of β-catenin in Coronin 3-mediated oncogenic phenotypes was evaluated. RESULTS Coronin 3 was found to be highly upregulated in glioma cell lines. Furthermore, knockdown of Coronin 3 significantly inhibited the growth of glioma cells both in vivo and in vitro and suppressed the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes, including β-catenin, Cyclin D1, and c-Myc. Moreover, we demonstrated that Coronin 3 regulates the expression of β-catenin in glioma. Our results revealed that Coronin 3-stimulated tumor growth was β-catenin-dependent. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a new molecular mechanism of Coronin 3 in promoting glioma growth and development through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zexiang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongjiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong250014, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Majc B, Sever T, Zarić M, Breznik B, Turk B, Lah TT. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as the driver of changing carcinoma and glioblastoma microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118782. [PMID: 32554164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential molecular and cellular process that is part of normal embryogenesis and wound healing, and also has a ubiquitous role in various types of carcinoma and glioblastoma. EMT is activated and regulated by specific microenvironmental endogenous triggers and a complex network of signalling pathways. These mostly include epigenetic events that affect protein translation-controlling factors and proteases, altogether orchestrated by the switching on and off of oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes in cancer cells. The hallmark of cancer-linked EMT is that the process is incomplete, as it is opposed by the reverse process of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, which results in a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype that shows notable cell plasticity. This is a characteristic of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and it is of the utmost importance in their niche microenvironment, where it governs CSC migratory and invasive properties, thereby creating metastatic CSCs. These cells have high resistance to therapeutic treatments, in particular in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda Majc
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tilen Sever
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Josef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miki Zarić
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Josef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Josef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya Ulitsa, 19с1, Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Tamara T Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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27
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Lin J, Ding S, Xie C, Yi R, Wu Z, Luo J, Huang T, Zeng Y, Wang X, Xu A, Xiao J, Song Y, Zhang X. MicroRNA-4476 promotes glioma progression through a miR-4476/APC/β-catenin/c-Jun positive feedback loop. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:269. [PMID: 32327666 PMCID: PMC7181615 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioma has been a major healthcare burden; however, the specific molecular regulatory mechanism underlying its initiation and progression remains to be elucidated. Although it is known that many miRNAs are involved in the regulation of malignant phenotypes of glioma, the role of miR-4476 has not been reported yet. In the present study, we identify miR-4476 as an upregulated microRNA, which promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in glioma. Further mechanistic analyses indicate that the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is a direct target of miR-4476 and mediates the oncogenic effects of miR-4476 in glioma. C-Jun, a downstream effector of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, is upregulated by miR-4476 overexpression. In turn, c-Jun could positively regulate miR-4476 expression by binding to the upstream of its transcription start site (TSS). Furthermore, in our clinical samples, increased miR-4476 is an unfavorable prognostic factor, and its expression positively correlates with c-Jun expression but negatively correlates with that of APC. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that miR-4476 acts as a tumor enhancer, directly targeting APC to stimulate its own expression and promoting the malignant phenotypes of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shengfeng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Cheng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Renhui Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, 341000, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tengyue Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, 341000, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200072, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xizhao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, 362000, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Anqi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianqi Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Qiqihar City, 161005, Qiqihar, PR China.
| | - Ye Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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28
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Kalimuthu S, Gangadaran P, Oh JM, Rajendran RL, Lee HW, Gopal A, Hong CM, Jeon YH, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. A new tyrosine kinase inhibitor K905-0266 inhibits proliferation and sphere formation of glioblastoma cancer cells. J Drug Target 2020; 28:933-938. [PMID: 32191139 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1745817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent malignant tumour of the central nervous system and carries a poor prognosis; average survival time after diagnosis is 14 months. Because of its unfavourable prognosis, novel therapies are needed. The aim of this study was to assess whether inhibition of GBM and GBM-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs) by a new tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), K905-0266, is possible. To do this, we generated GBM (D54 and U87MG) cells expressing luciferase and characterised the inhibitory effects of the TKI with bioluminescent imaging (BLI) and western blot (WB). The effect of the TKI was then evaluated in CSCs. BLI showed significant inhibition of D54 and U87MG cells by TKI treatment. WB showed that the TKI decreased pERK and Bcl-2 level and increased cleaved caspase-3 level. Sphere formation was significantly reduced by the TKI in CSCs. Our results showed that a new TKI, K905-0266, effectively inhibited GBM and CSCs, making this a candidate for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunnehru Gopal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea.,Leading‑Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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29
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Mazurek M, Litak J, Kamieniak P, Osuchowska I, Maciejewski R, Roliński J, Grajkowska W, Grochowski C. Micro RNA Molecules as Modulators of Treatment Resistance, Immune Checkpoints Controllers and Sensitive Biomarkers in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041507. [PMID: 32098401 PMCID: PMC7073212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on genome sequencing, it is estimated that over 90% of genes stored in human genetic material are transcribed, but only 3% of them contain the information needed for the production of body proteins. This group also includes micro RNAs representing about 1%–3% of the human genome. Recent studies confirmed the hypothesis that targeting molecules called Immune Checkpoint (IC) open new opportunities to take control over glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Detection of markers that indicate the presence of the cancer occupies a very important place in modern oncology. This function can be performed by both the cancer cells themselves as well as their components and other substances detected in the patients’ bodies. Efforts have been made for many years to find a suitable marker useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of gliomas, including glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.)
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Ida Osuchowska
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Oncopathology and Biostructure, „Pomnik-Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka” Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (I.O.); (R.M.)
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Portela M, Venkataramani V, Fahey-Lozano N, Seco E, Losada-Perez M, Winkler F, Casas-Tintó S. Glioblastoma cells vampirize WNT from neurons and trigger a JNK/MMP signaling loop that enhances glioblastoma progression and neurodegeneration. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000545. [PMID: 31846454 PMCID: PMC6917273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most lethal brain tumor, and Wingless (Wg)-related integration site (WNT) pathway activation in these tumors is associated with a poor prognosis. Clinically, the disease is characterized by progressive neurological deficits. However, whether these symptoms result from direct or indirect damage to neurons is still unresolved. Using Drosophila and primary xenografts as models of human GB, we describe, here, a mechanism that leads to activation of WNT signaling (Wg in Drosophila) in tumor cells. GB cells display a network of tumor microtubes (TMs) that enwrap neurons, accumulate Wg receptor Frizzled1 (Fz1), and, thereby, deplete Wg from neurons, causing neurodegeneration. We have defined this process as "vampirization." Furthermore, GB cells establish a positive feedback loop to promote their expansion, in which the Wg pathway activates cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in GB cells, and, in turn, JNK signaling leads to the post-transcriptional up-regulation and accumulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which facilitate TMs' infiltration throughout the brain, TMs' network expansion, and further Wg depletion from neurons. Consequently, GB cells proliferate because of the activation of the Wg signaling target, β-catenin, and neurons degenerate because of Wg signaling extinction. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanism for TM production, infiltration, and maintenance that can explain both neuron-dependent tumor progression and also the neural decay associated with GB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varun Venkataramani
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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The long non-coding RNA, urothelial carcinoma associated 1, promotes cell growth, invasion, migration, and chemo-resistance in glioma through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8239-8253. [PMID: 31596734 PMCID: PMC6814589 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA, urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) has been demonstrated to play important roles in various types of cancers. This study investigated the functional role of UCA1 in glioma and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. UCA1 was found to be highly up-regulated in glioma cells, and knock-down of UCA1 inhibited cell growth, invasion and migration, and also induced apoptosis in glioma cells. On the other hand, overexpression of UCA1 promoted cell proliferation, cell invasion and migration in glioma cells. Knock-down of UCA1 suppressed the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and treatment with lithium chloride restored the inhibitory effect of UCA1 knock-down on cell invasion and migration. More importantly, the aberrant expression of UCA1 was associated with chemo-resistance to cisplatin and temozolomide in glioma cells via interacting with Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In vivo studies showed that overexpression of UCA1 promoted the in vivo tumor growth of U87 cells in the nude mice. Clinically, UCA1 was found to be up-regulated in glioma tissues and higher expression level of UCA1 was correlated with poor survival in patients with glioma. Taken together, our results showed that UCA1 had a functional role in the regulation of glioma cell growth, invasion and migration, and chemo-resistance possibly via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Daniel PM, Filiz G, Brown DV, Christie M, Waring PM, Zhang Y, Haynes JM, Pouton C, Flanagan D, Vincan E, Johns TG, Montgomery K, Phillips WA, Mantamadiotis T. PI3K activation in neural stem cells drives tumorigenesis which can be ameliorated by targeting the cAMP response element binding protein. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1344-1355. [PMID: 29718345 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperactivation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is common in cancers, but the precise role of the pathway in glioma biology remains to be determined. Some understanding of PI3K signaling mechanisms in brain cancer comes from studies on neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), where signals transmitted via the PI3K pathway cooperate with other intracellular pathways and downstream transcription factors to regulate critical cell functions. Methods To investigate the role of the PI3K pathway in glioma initiation and development, we generated a mouse model targeting the inducible expression of a PIK3CAH1047A oncogenic mutant and deletion of the PI3K negative regulator, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), to NSPCs. Results Expression of a Pik3caH1047A was sufficient to generate tumors with oligodendroglial features, but simultaneous loss of PTEN was required for the development of invasive, high-grade glioma. Pik3caH1047A-PTEN mutant NSPCs exhibited enhanced neurosphere formation which correlated with increased Wnt signaling, while loss of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in Pik3caH1047A-Pten mutant tumors led to longer symptom-free survival in mice. Conclusion Taken together, our findings present a novel mouse model for glioma demonstrating that the PI3K pathway is important for initiation of tumorigenesis and that disruption of downstream CREB signaling attenuates tumor expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Daniel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gulay Filiz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel V Brown
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Christie
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul M Waring
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi Zhang
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John M Haynes
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dustin Flanagan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Terrance G Johns
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karen Montgomery
- Cancer Biology and Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Cancer Biology and Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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van Senten JR, Bebelman MP, Fan TS, Heukers R, Bergkamp ND, van Gasselt P, Langemeijer EV, Slinger E, Lagerweij T, Rahbar A, Stigter-van Walsum M, Maussang D, Leurs R, Musters RJP, van Dongen GAMS, Söderberg-Nauclér C, Würdinger T, Siderius M, Smit MJ. The human cytomegalovirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptor UL33 exhibits oncomodulatory properties. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16297-16308. [PMID: 31519750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses can rewire cellular signaling in host cells by expressing viral G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These viral receptors exhibit homology to human chemokine receptors, but some display constitutive activity and promiscuous G protein coupling. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been detected in multiple cancers, including glioblastoma, and its genome encodes four GPCRs. One of these receptors, US28, is expressed in glioblastoma and possesses constitutive activity and oncomodulatory properties. UL33, another HCMV-encoded GPCR, also displays constitutive signaling via Gαq, Gαi, and Gαs proteins. However, little is known about the nature and functional effects of UL33-driven signaling. Here, we assessed UL33's signaling repertoire and oncomodulatory potential. UL33 activated multiple proliferative, angiogenic, and inflammatory signaling pathways in HEK293T and U251 glioblastoma cells. Notably, upon infection, UL33 contributed to HCMV-mediated STAT3 activation. Moreover, UL33 increased spheroid growth in vitro and accelerated tumor growth in different in vivo tumor models, including an orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft model. UL33-mediated signaling was similar to that stimulated by US28; however, UL33-induced tumor growth was delayed. Additionally, the spatiotemporal expression of the two receptors only partially overlapped in HCMV-infected glioblastoma cells. In conclusion, our results unveil that UL33 has broad signaling capacity and provide mechanistic insight into its functional effects. UL33, like US28, exhibits oncomodulatory properties, elicited via constitutive activation of multiple signaling pathways. UL33 and US28 might contribute to HCMV's oncomodulatory effects through complementing and converging cellular signaling, and hence UL33 may represent a promising drug target in HCMV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R van Senten
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P Bebelman
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tian Shu Fan
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raimond Heukers
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nick D Bergkamp
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Puck van Gasselt
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen V Langemeijer
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Slinger
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonny Lagerweij
- Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogenesis Research Unit and Department of Neurology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marijke Stigter-van Walsum
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Maussang
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René J P Musters
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guus A M S van Dongen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogenesis Research Unit and Department of Neurology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Würdinger
- Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Siderius
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Smit
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tompa M, Nagy A, Komoly S, Kalman B. Wnt pathway markers in molecular subgroups of glioblastoma. Brain Res 2019; 1718:114-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang F, Tarkkonen K, Nieminen‐Pihala V, Nagano K, Majidi RA, Puolakkainen T, Rummukainen P, Lehto J, Roivainen A, Zhang F, Mäkitie O, Baron R, Kiviranta R. Mesenchymal Cell-Derived Juxtacrine Wnt1 Signaling Regulates Osteoblast Activity and Osteoclast Differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1129-1142. [PMID: 30690791 PMCID: PMC6850336 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human genetic evidence demonstrates that WNT1 mutations cause osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and early-onset osteoporosis, implicating WNT1 as a major regulator of bone metabolism. However, its main cellular source and mechanisms of action in bone remain elusive. We generated global and limb bud mesenchymal cell-targeted deletion of Wnt1 in mice. Heterozygous deletion of Wnt1 resulted in mild trabecular osteopenia due to decreased osteoblast function. Targeted deletion of Wnt1 in mesenchymal progenitors led to spontaneous fractures due to impaired osteoblast function and increased bone resorption, mimicking the severe OI phenotype in humans with homozygous WNT1 mutations. Importantly, we showed for the first time that Wnt1 signals strictly in a juxtacrine manner to induce osteoblast differentiation and to suppress osteoclastogenesis, in part via canonical Wnt signaling. In conclusion, mesenchymal cell-derived Wnt1, acting in short range, is an essential regulator of bone homeostasis and an intriguing target for therapeutic interventions for bone diseases. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | | | - Kenichi Nagano
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | | | | | | | - Jemina Lehto
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM)University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Fu‐Ping Zhang
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM)University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsHelsinkiFinland
- Children's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of MedicineUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Lattanzi G, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of evasive and innate resistance to mTOR inhibition in cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1322-1337. [PMID: 30928610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug-resistance by neoplastic cells is recognized as a major cause of targeted therapy failure and disease progression. The mechanistic (previously mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved Ser/Thr kinase that acts as the catalytic subunit of two structurally and functionally distinct large multiprotein complexes, referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 play key roles in a variety of healthy cell types/tissues by regulating physiological anabolic and catabolic processes in response to external cues. However, a body of evidence identified aberrant activation of mTOR signaling as a common event in many human tumors. Therefore, mTOR is an attractive target for therapeutic targeting in cancer and this fact has driven the development of numerous mTOR inhibitors, several of which have progressed to clinical trials. Nevertheless, mTOR inhibitors have met with a very limited success as anticancer therapeutics. Among other reasons, this failure was initially ascribed to the activation of several compensatory signaling pathways that dampen the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors. The discovery of these regulatory feedback mechanisms greatly contributed to a better understanding of cancer cell resistance to mTOR targeting agents. However, over the last few years, other mechanisms of resistance have emerged, including epigenetic alterations, compensatory metabolism rewiring and the occurrence of mTOR mutations. In this article, we provide the reader with an updated overview of the mechanisms that could explain resistance of cancer cells to the various classes of mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chiarini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy.
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Xue Q, Wang J, Zhao L, Han K, Zhang D, Hou L. Prognostic Significance of MicroRNAs in Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4015969. [PMID: 31032345 PMCID: PMC6457304 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4015969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Different microRNAs (miRs) have been demonstrated to relate with the outcome of glioma patients, while the conclusions are inconsistent. We perform a meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between different miRs and prognosis of glioma. METHODS Related studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) of different miRs expression for survival and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 15 miRs with 4708 glioma patients were ultimately included. Increased expression of miR-15b (HR, 1.584; 95% CI, 1.199-2.092), 21 (HR, 1.591; 95% CI, 1.278-1.981), 148a (HR, 1.122; 95% CI, 1.023-1.231), 196 (HR, 1.877; 95% CI, 1.033-3.411), 210 (HR, 1.251; 95% CI, 1.010-1.550), and 221 (HR, 1.269; 95% CI, 1.054-1.527) or decreased expression of miR-106a (HR, 0.809; 95% CI, 0.655-0.998) and 124 (HR, 0.833; 95% CI, 0.729-0.952) was correlated with poor outcome of glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS miR-15b, 21, 148a, 196, 210, 221, 106a, and 124 are valuable biomarkers for the prognosis of glioma which might be used in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Zhang
- Second Sub-Team, Fourth Team, Undergraduate Management Team, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jigang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwei Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Investigation of dacomitinib on reducing cell necrosis and enhancing cell apoptosis in C6 glioma rat model by MRI. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190006. [PMID: 30782784 PMCID: PMC6400661 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is one of the most epidemic and obstinate types of cancer in the central nervous system (CNS) with poor survival rate. Dacomitinib inhibited cell viability and proliferation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-amplified glioma. In the present study, the regional effects of Dacomitinib on tumor necrosis was investigated. METHODS A C6 rat glioma model was evaluated using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and morphological T2-weighted imaging (T2W). The effects of Dacomitinib on glioma cells were investigated using methods of immunohistochemistry and Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS The obtained data indicated that metabolite ratios were significantly decreased (all P<0.05) in the Dacomitinib-treated group compared with C6 glioma control group. The ADC value of necrotic core in Dacomitinib group was significantly lower than that in control group. In addition, the expression of Ki-67 in Dacomitinib-treated group (50.32 ± 5.61) was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The apoptotic index (AI) (28.01 ± 2.37) in Dacomitinib-treated group was significantly higher than that in control group (11.58 ± 3.17). CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the Dacomitinib could suppress glioma cell necrosis and proliferation.
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Long noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 targets Wnt-7b to affect glioma progression via modulation of miR-410. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180395. [PMID: 30498093 PMCID: PMC6328889 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the underlying mechanisms of long noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 via regulating miR-410 to modulate Wnt-7b in the progression of glioma. To address this problem, we measured the expression of OIP5-AS1 and miR-410 in glioma tissues by qRT-PCR. Glioma U87 cells were transfected with OIP5-AS1 siRNA or miR-410 inhibitors. The targeting relationships among miR-410, OIP5-AS1 and Wnt-7b were verified by luciferase reporter assays. Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of Wnt-7b/β-catenin pathway-related proteins, while MTT, flow cytometry, Transwell assays and wound-healing assays were used to measure the biological characteristics of glioma cells. The results showed that OIP5-AS1 expression was higher and miR-410 was lower in glioma tissues. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed a targeting relationship between OIP5-AS1 and miR-410, as well as between miR-410 and Wnt-7b. Silencing OIP5-AS1 reduced cell proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma U87 cells and led to depressed expression levels of miR-410, Wnt-7b, p-β-catenin, GSK-3β-pS9, c-Myc and cyclin D1. Furthermore, down-regulation of OIP5-AS1 induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of glioma cells. Inhibitors of miR-410 abolished the biological effects of OIP5-AS1 siRNA in glioma cells. In vivo, OIP5-AS1 knockdown also inhibited tumor growth. Taken together, this research suggested that silencing OIP5-AS1 may specifically block the Wnt-7b/β-catenin pathway via targeted up-regulating miR-410, thereby inhibiting growth, invasion and migration while promoting apoptosis in glioma cells.
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Liu HW, Su YK, Bamodu OA, Hueng DY, Lee WH, Huang CC, Deng L, Hsiao M, Chien MH, Yeh CT, Lin CM. The Disruption of the β-Catenin/TCF-1/STAT3 Signaling Axis by 4-Acetylantroquinonol B Inhibits the Tumorigenesis and Cancer Stem-Cell-Like Properties of Glioblastoma Cells, In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E491. [PMID: 30563094 PMCID: PMC6315804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant form of glioma, is characterized by resistance to therapy and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence shows that the initiation, propagation, and recurrence of GBM is attributable to the presence of GBM stem cells (GBM-CSCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Herein, we investigated the effect of 4-Acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB), a bioactive isolate of Antrodia cinnamomea, on GBM cell viability, oncogenic, and CSCs-like activities. RESULTS We observed that aberrant expression of catenin is characteristic of GBM, compared to other glioma types (p = 0.0001, log-rank test = 475.2), and correlates with poor prognosis of GBM patients. Lower grade glioma and glioblastoma patients (n = 1152) with low catenin expression had 25% and 21.5% better overall survival than those with high catenin expression at the 5 and 10-year time-points, respectively (p = 3.57e-11, log-rank test = 43.8). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that compared with adjacent non-tumor brain tissue, primary and recurrent GBM exhibited enhanced catenin expression (~10-fold, p < 0.001). Western blot analysis showed that 4-AAQB significantly downregulated β-catenin and dysregulated the catenin/LEF1/Stat3 signaling axis in U87MG and DBTRG-05MG cells, dose-dependently. 4-AAQB⁻induced downregulation of catenin positively correlated with reduced Sox2 and Oct4 nuclear expression in the cells. Furthermore, 4-AAQB markedly reduced the viability of U87MG and DBTRG-05MG cells with 48 h IC50 of 9.2 M and 12.5 M, respectively, effectively inhibited the nuclear catenin, limited the migration and invasion of GBM cells, with concurrent downregulation of catenin, vimentin, and slug; similarly, colony and tumorsphere formation was significantly attenuated with reduced expression of c-Myc and KLF4 proteins. CONCLUSIONS Summarily, we show for the first time that 4-AAQB suppresses the tumor-promoting catenin/LEF1/Stat3 signaling, and inhibited CSCs-induced oncogenic activities in GBM in vitro, with in vivo validation; thus projecting 4-AAQB as a potent therapeutic agent for anti-GBM target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Wei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Kai Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chih Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41147, Taiwan.
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Amoy-BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Amoy 361022, China.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Min Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Vallée A, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis initiation under normoxic conditions through Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gliomas. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:71-91. [PMID: 28822229 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is up-regulated in gliomas and involved in proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Nuclear β-catenin accumulation correlates with malignancy. Hypoxia activates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α by inhibiting HIF-1α prolyl hydroxylation, which promotes glycolytic energy metabolism, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, whereas HIF-1α is degraded by the HIF prolyl hydroxylase under normoxic conditions. We focus this review on the links between the activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the mechanisms underlying vasculogenesis and angiogenesis through HIF-1α under normoxic conditions in gliomas. Wnt-induced epidermal growth factor receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, Wnt-induced signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, and Wnt/β-catenin target gene transduction (c-Myc) can activate HIF-1α in a hypoxia-independent manner. The PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway activates HIF-1α through eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 and STAT3. The β-catenin/T-cell factor 4 complex directly binds to STAT3 and activates HIF-1α, which up-regulates the Wnt/β-catenin target genes cyclin D1 and c-Myc in a positive feedback loop. Phosphorylated STAT3 by interleukin-6 or leukemia inhibitory factor activates HIF-1α even under normoxic conditions. The activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway induces, via the Wnt target genes c-Myc and cyclin D1 or via HIF-1α, gene transactivation encoding aerobic glycolysis enzymes, such as glucose transporter, hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M2, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and lactate dehydrogenase-A, leading to lactate production, as the primary alternative of ATP, at all oxygen levels, even in normoxic conditions. Lactate released by glioma cells via the monocarboxylate lactate transporter-1 up-regulated by HIF-1α and lactate anion activates HIF-1α in normoxic endothelial cells by inhibiting HIF-1α prolyl hydroxylation and preventing HIF labeling by the von Hippel-Lindau protein. Increased lactate with acid environment and HIF-1α overexpression induce the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia and acidic pH have no synergistic effect on VEGF transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
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He L, Zhou H, Zeng Z, Yao H, Jiang W, Qu H. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling cascade: A promising target for glioma therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2217-2228. [PMID: 30277583 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- Department of NeurosurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, University of South ChinaHengyang China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of RadiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital, University of South ChinaHengyang China
- Learning Key Laboratory for PharmacoproteomicsInstitute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South ChinaHengyang China
| | - Zhiqing Zeng
- Department of NeurosurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, University of South ChinaHengyang China
| | - Hailun Yao
- Department of Medical College, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and BiologyHengyang China
| | - Weiping Jiang
- Department of NeurosurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, University of South ChinaHengyang China
| | - Hongtao Qu
- Department of NeurosurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, University of South ChinaHengyang China
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Abstract
β-Catenin is essential for embryonic development and required for cell renewal/regeneration in adult life. Cellular β-catenin exists in three different pools: membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear. In this review, we focus on functions of the nuclear pool in relation to tumorigenesis. In the nucleus, beta-catenin functions as both activator and repressor of transcription in a context-dependent manner. It promotes cell proliferation and supports tumour growth by enhancing angiogenesis. β-Catenin-mediated signalling regulates cancer cell metabolism and is associated with tumour-initiating cells in multiple malignancies. In addition, it functions as both pro- and anti-apoptotic factor besides acting to inhibit recruitment of inflammatory anti-tumour T-cells. Thus, β-catenin appears to possess a multifaceted nuclear function that may significantly impact tumour initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Kumar
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
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44
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Opposite Interplay Between the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway and PPAR Gamma: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Gliomas. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:573-588. [PMID: 29582250 PMCID: PMC5960455 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In gliomas, the canonical Wingless/Int (WNT)/β-catenin pathway is increased while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is downregulated. The two systems act in an opposite manner. This review focuses on the interplay between WNT/β-catenin signaling and PPAR-γ and their metabolic implications as potential therapeutic target in gliomas. Activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway stimulates the transcription of genes involved in proliferation, invasion, nucleotide synthesis, tumor growth, and angiogenesis. Activation of PPAR-γ agonists inhibits various signaling pathways such as the JAK/STAT, WNT/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt pathways, which reduces tumor growth, cell proliferation, cell invasiveness, and angiogenesis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, curcumin, antipsychotic drugs, adiponectin, and sulforaphane downregulate the WNT/β-catenin pathway through the upregulation of PPAR-γ and thus appear to provide an interesting therapeutic approach for gliomas. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an antiangiogenic agent. The downstream action of this opposite interplay may explain the TMZ-resistance often reported in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications, Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, Meaux, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications, Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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45
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Wang Y, Gao S, Wang W, Xia Y, Liang J. Downregulation of N‑Myc inhibits neuroblastoma cell growth via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:377-384. [PMID: 29749516 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, one of the most common types of cancer in childhood, is commonly treated with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. However, prognosis and survival remain poor for children with high‑risk neuroblastoma. Therefore, the identification of novel, effective therapeutic targets is necessary. N‑Myc, a proto‑oncogene protein encoded by the v‑myc avial myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN) gene, is associated with tumorigenesis. In the present study, the effect of N‑Myc silencing on MYCN‑amplified CHP134 and BE‑2C neuroblastoma cells was evaluated, and the underlying molecular mechanism was investigated. N‑Myc was successfully knocked down using an N‑Myc‑specific small interfering RNA, the efficacy of interference efficiency confirmed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay and apoptosis was measured by ELISA assay. The results indicated that MYCN silencing significantly decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis. Subsequently, the expression levels of key Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway proteins were detected by western blotting, and MYCN silencing was demonstrated to inhibit Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, decreasing the expression ofanti‑apoptosis proteins and increasing the expression of pro‑apoptosis protein. This suggested that N‑Myc regulated survival and growth of CHP134 and BE‑2C neuroblastoma cells, potentially through Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. Furthermore, associated proteins, N‑Myc and STAT interactor and dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1, were demonstrated to be involved in this regulation. Therefore, N‑Myc and its downstream targets may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingge Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Xia
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Research Center for Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
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46
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Xu W, Zheng J, Bie S, Kang L, Mao Q, Liu W, Guo J, Lu J, Xia R. Propofol inhibits Wnt signaling and exerts anticancer activity in glioma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:402-408. [PMID: 29928428 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt signaling is implicated in gliomagenesis. Propofol, the most commonly used intravenous anesthetic agent in clinics, exhibits potent antitumor activity in a variety of cancer cells through different mechanisms. However, the role of propofol on Wnt signaling and glioma cell growth remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, propofol was identified as a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling. In 293T cells transfected with Wnt1 or Wnt3 expression plasmids or treated with Wnt3A-conditioned medium, propofol significantly inhibited the transcriptional activity of the SuperTopFlash reporter and the expression of Wnt target genes. The inhibitory effect of propofol on Wnt signaling was also observed in glioma cells. Further experiments demonstrated that propofol suppressed glioma cell growth by decreasing cell proliferation and enhancing cell apoptosis. Finally, the potential antitumor efficiency of propofol was confirmed using xenograft experiments in vivo. Taken together, the results indicated a novel mechanism for the anticancer activity of propofol and provide supporting evidence for its use as a prospective anticancer drug to treat glioma in patients with deregulated Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Bie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Liuyu Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Qingjun Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Jinxin Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lu
- Operating Room, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
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Meel MH, Schaper SA, Kaspers GJL, Hulleman E. Signaling pathways and mesenchymal transition in pediatric high-grade glioma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:871-887. [PMID: 29164272 PMCID: PMC5809527 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), are the most lethal types of cancer in children. In recent years, it has become evident that these tumors are driven by epigenetic events, mainly mutations involving genes encoding Histone 3, setting them apart from their adult counterparts. These tumors are exceptionally resistant to chemotherapy and respond only temporarily to radiotherapy. Moreover, their delicate location and diffuse growth pattern make complete surgical resection impossible. In many other forms of cancer, chemo- and radioresistance, in combination with a diffuse, invasive phenotype, are associated with a transcriptional program termed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Activation of this program allows cancer cells to survive individually, invade surrounding tissues and metastasize. It also enables them to survive exposure to cytotoxic therapy, including chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation. We here suggest that EMT plays an important, yet poorly understood role in the biology and therapy resistance of pHGG and DIPG. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the major signal transduction pathways and transcription factors involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer in general and in pediatric HGG and DIPG in particular. Despite the fact that the mesenchymal transition has not yet been specifically studied in pHGG and DIPG, activation of pathways and high levels of transcription factors involved in EMT have been described. We conclude that the mesenchymal transition is likely to be an important element of the biology of pHGG and DIPG and warrants further investigation for the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël H Meel
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie A Schaper
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mehta S, Lo Cascio C. Developmentally regulated signaling pathways in glioma invasion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:385-402. [PMID: 28821904 PMCID: PMC5765207 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common, infiltrative, and lethal primary brain tumors affecting the adult population. The grim prognosis for this disease is due to a combination of the presence of highly invasive tumor cells that escape surgical resection and the presence of a population of therapy-resistant cancer stem cells found within these tumors. Several studies suggest that glioma cells have cleverly hijacked the normal developmental program of neural progenitor cells, including their transcriptional programs, to enhance gliomagenesis. In this review, we summarize the role of developmentally regulated signaling pathways that have been found to facilitate glioma growth and invasion. Furthermore, we discuss how the microenvironment and treatment-induced perturbations of these highly interconnected signaling networks can trigger a shift in cellular phenotype and tumor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetal Mehta
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | - Costanza Lo Cascio
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
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Natural Bioactive Compounds: Alternative Approach to the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9363040. [PMID: 29359162 PMCID: PMC5735581 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9363040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent, primary malignant brain tumor prevalent in humans. GBM characteristically exhibits aggressive cell proliferation and rapid invasion of normal brain tissue resulting in poor patient prognosis. The current standard of care of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide is not very effective. The inefficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents may be attributed to the challenges in drug delivery to the tumor. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the chemopreventive role of natural, dietary compounds in the development and progression of cancer. Many of these studies have reported the potential of using natural compounds in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a novel approach for the effective treatment of cancer. In this paper, we review the role of several natural compounds individually and in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of GBM. We also assess the potential of drug delivery approaches such as the Gliadel wafers and role of nanomaterial based drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of GBM.
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50
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Expression Levels and Localizations of DVL3 and sFRP3 in Glioblastoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:9253495. [PMID: 29200599 PMCID: PMC5671711 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9253495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The expression patterns of critical molecular components of Wnt signaling, sFRP3 and DVL3, were investigated in glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of primary brain tumors, with the aim to offer potential biomarkers. The protein expression levels and localizations in tumor tissue were revealed by immunohistochemistry and evaluated by the semiquantitative method and immunoreactivity score. Majority of glioblastomas had moderate expression levels for both DVL3 (52.4%) and sFRP3 (52.3%). Strong expression levels were observed in 23.1% and 36.0% of samples, respectively. DVL3 was localized in cytoplasm in 97% of glioblastomas, of which 44% coexpressed the protein in the nucleus. sFRP3 subcellular distribution showed that it was localized in the cytoplasm in 94% of cases. Colocalization in the cytoplasm and nucleus was observed in 50% of samples. Wilcox test indicated that the domination of the strong signal is in connection with simultaneous localization of DVL3 protein in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Patients with strong expression of DVL3 will significantly more often have the protein in the nucleus (P = 6.33 × 10−5). No significant correlation between the two proteins was established, nor were their signal strengths correlated with epidemiological parameters. Our study contributes to better understanding of glioblastoma molecular profile.
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