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Robertson FL, O'Duibhir E, Gangoso E, Bressan RB, Bulstrode H, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ, Ferguson KM, Blin C, Grant V, Alfazema N, Morrison GM, Pollard SM. Elevated FOXG1 in glioblastoma stem cells cooperates with Wnt/β-catenin to induce exit from quiescence. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112561. [PMID: 37243590 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) display phenotypic and molecular features reminiscent of normal neural stem cells and exhibit a spectrum of cell cycle states (dormant, quiescent, proliferative). However, mechanisms controlling the transition from quiescence to proliferation in both neural stem cells (NSCs) and GSCs are poorly understood. Elevated expression of the forebrain transcription factor FOXG1 is often observed in GBMs. Here, using small-molecule modulators and genetic perturbations, we identify a synergistic interaction between FOXG1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Increased FOXG1 enhances Wnt-driven transcriptional targets, enabling highly efficient cell cycle re-entry from quiescence; however, neither FOXG1 nor Wnt is essential in rapidly proliferating cells. We demonstrate that FOXG1 overexpression supports gliomagenesis in vivo and that additional β-catenin induction drives accelerated tumor growth. These data indicate that elevated FOXG1 cooperates with Wnt signaling to support the transition from quiescence to proliferation in GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye L Robertson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Ester Gangoso
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Raul Bardini Bressan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Harry Bulstrode
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Maria-Ángeles Marqués-Torrejón
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Kirsty M Ferguson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Carla Blin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Vivien Grant
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Neza Alfazema
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Gillian M Morrison
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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Hallett JM, Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Man TY, Kilpatrick AM, Esser H, Thirlwell K, Macmillan MT, Rodrigo-Torres D, Dwyer BJ, Gadd VL, Ashmore-Harris C, Lu WY, Thomson JP, Jansen MA, O'Duibhir E, Starkey Lewis PJ, Campana L, Aird RE, Bate TSR, Fraser AR, Campbell JDM, Oniscu GC, Hay DC, Callanan A, Forbes SJ. Human biliary epithelial cells from discarded donor livers rescue bile duct structure and function in a mouse model of biliary disease. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:355-371.e10. [PMID: 35245467 PMCID: PMC8900617 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biliary diseases can cause inflammation, fibrosis, bile duct destruction, and eventually liver failure. There are no curative treatments for biliary disease except for liver transplantation. New therapies are urgently required. We have therefore purified human biliary epithelial cells (hBECs) from human livers that were not used for liver transplantation. hBECs were tested as a cell therapy in a mouse model of biliary disease in which the conditional deletion of Mdm2 in cholangiocytes causes senescence, biliary strictures, and fibrosis. hBECs are expandable and phenotypically stable and help restore biliary structure and function, highlighting their regenerative capacity and a potential alternative to liver transplantation for biliary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Hallett
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sofia Ferreira-Gonzalez
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Tak Yung Man
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Alastair M Kilpatrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Hannah Esser
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Kayleigh Thirlwell
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics Scottish National Blood and Transfusion Service (SNBTS), Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK
| | - Mark T Macmillan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Daniel Rodrigo-Torres
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Benjamin J Dwyer
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Perth 6102, Australia
| | - Victoria L Gadd
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Candice Ashmore-Harris
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- Centre for Inflammation Research (CIR), University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John P Thomson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Philip J Starkey Lewis
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lara Campana
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Rhona E Aird
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Thomas S R Bate
- Institute or Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building Colin Maclaurin Road, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Alasdair R Fraser
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics Scottish National Blood and Transfusion Service (SNBTS), Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK
| | - John D M Campbell
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics Scottish National Blood and Transfusion Service (SNBTS), Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK
| | - Gabriel C Oniscu
- Edinburgh Transplant Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK; University of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - David C Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- Institute or Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building Colin Maclaurin Road, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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3
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Dwyer BJ, Jarman EJ, Gogoi-Tiwari J, Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Boulter L, Guest RV, Kendall TJ, Kurian D, Kilpatrick AM, Robson AJ, O'Duibhir E, Man TY, Campana L, Starkey Lewis PJ, Wigmore SJ, Olynyk JK, Ramm GA, Tirnitz-Parker JEE, Forbes SJ. TWEAK/Fn14 signalling promotes cholangiocarcinoma niche formation and progression. J Hepatol 2021; 74:860-872. [PMID: 33221352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer of the hepatic bile ducts that is rarely resectable and is associated with poor prognosis. Tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is known to signal via its receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) and induce cholangiocyte and myofibroblast proliferation in liver injury. We aimed to characterise its role in CCA. METHODS The expression of the TWEAK ligand and Fn14 receptor was assessed immunohistochemically and by bulk RNA and single cell transcriptomics of human liver tissue. Spatiotemporal dynamics of pathway regulation were comprehensively analysed in rat and mouse models of thioacetamide (TAA)-mediated CCA. Flow cytometry, qPCR and proteomic analyses of CCA cell lines and conditioned medium experiments with primary macrophages were performed to evaluate the downstream functions of TWEAK/Fn14. In vivo pathway manipulation was assessed via TWEAK overexpression in NICD/AKT-induced CCA or genetic Fn14 knockout during TAA-mediated carcinogenesis. RESULTS Our data reveal TWEAK and Fn14 overexpression in multiple human CCA cohorts, and Fn14 upregulation in early TAA-induced carcinogenesis. TWEAK regulated the secretion of factors from CC-SW-1 and SNU-1079 CCA cells, inducing polarisation of proinflammatory CD206+ macrophages. Pharmacological blocking of the TWEAK downstream target chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1 or CCL2) significantly reduced CCA xenograft growth, while TWEAK overexpression drove cancer-associated fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in the tumour niche. Genetic Fn14 ablation significantly reduced inflammatory, fibrogenic and ductular responses during carcinogenic TAA-mediated injury. CONCLUSION These novel data provide evidence for the action of TWEAK/Fn14 on macrophage recruitment and phenotype, and cancer-associated fibroblast proliferation in CCA. Targeting TWEAK/Fn14 and its downstream signals may provide a means to inhibit CCA niche development and tumour growth. LAY SUMMARY Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive, chemotherapy-resistant liver cancer. Interactions between tumour cells and cells that form a supportive environment for the tumour to grow are a source of this aggressiveness and resistance to chemotherapy. Herein, we describe interactions between tumour cells and their supportive environment via a chemical messenger, TWEAK and its receptor Fn14. TWEAK/Fn14 alters the recruitment and type of immune cells in tumours, increases the growth of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumour environment, and is a potential target to reduce tumour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Dwyer
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Edward J Jarman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jully Gogoi-Tiwari
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Sofia Ferreira-Gonzalez
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel V Guest
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair M Kilpatrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew J Robson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tak Yung Man
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lara Campana
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip J Starkey Lewis
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen J Wigmore
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - John K Olynyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fiona Stanley Fremantle Hospital Group, Murdoch, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Janina E E Tirnitz-Parker
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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4
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Kubik S, O'Duibhir E, de Jonge WJ, Mattarocci S, Albert B, Falcone JL, Bruzzone MJ, Holstege FCP, Shore D. Sequence-Directed Action of RSC Remodeler and General Regulatory Factors Modulates +1 Nucleosome Position to Facilitate Transcription. Mol Cell 2019; 71:89-102.e5. [PMID: 29979971 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accessible chromatin is important for RNA polymerase II recruitment and transcription initiation at eukaryotic promoters. We investigated the mechanistic links between promoter DNA sequence, nucleosome positioning, and transcription. Our results indicate that positioning of the transcription start site-associated +1 nucleosome in yeast is critical for efficient TBP binding and is driven by two key factors, the essential chromatin remodeler RSC and a small set of ubiquitous general regulatory factors (GRFs). Our findings indicate that the strength and directionality of RSC action on promoter nucleosomes depends on the arrangement and proximity of two specific DNA motifs. This, together with the effect on nucleosome position observed in double depletion experiments, suggests that, despite their widespread co-localization, RSC and GRFs predominantly act through independent signals to generate accessible chromatin. Our results provide mechanistic insight into how the promoter DNA sequence instructs trans-acting factors to control nucleosome architecture and stimulate transcription initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Kubik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim J de Jonge
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Mattarocci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Albert
- Department of Molecular Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Falcone
- Center for Advanced Modeling Sciences, Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, 7 route de Drize, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland
| | - Maria Jessica Bruzzone
- Department of Molecular Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Frank C P Holstege
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David Shore
- Department of Molecular Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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5
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Lyall MJ, Cartier J, Thomson JP, Cameron K, Meseguer-Ripolles J, O'Duibhir E, Szkolnicka D, Villarin BL, Wang Y, Blanco GR, Dunn WB, Meehan RR, Hay DC, Drake AJ. Modelling non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in human hepatocyte-like cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0362. [PMID: 29786565 PMCID: PMC5974453 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease in developed countries. An in vitro NAFLD model would permit mechanistic studies and enable high-throughput therapeutic screening. While hepatic cancer-derived cell lines are a convenient, renewable resource, their genomic, epigenomic and functional alterations mean their utility in NAFLD modelling is unclear. Additionally, the epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a cell lineage identifier, is rapidly lost during cell culture, alongside expression of the Ten-eleven-translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase enzymes, restricting meaningful epigenetic analysis. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells can provide a non-neoplastic, renewable model for liver research. Here, we have developed a model of NAFLD using HLCs exposed to lactate, pyruvate and octanoic acid (LPO) that bear all the hallmarks, including 5hmC profiles, of liver functionality. We exposed HLCs to LPO for 48 h to induce lipid accumulation. We characterized the transcriptome using RNA-seq, the metabolome using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the epigenome using 5-hydroxymethylation DNA immunoprecipitation (hmeDIP) sequencing. LPO exposure induced an NAFLD phenotype in HLCs with transcriptional and metabolomic dysregulation consistent with those present in human NAFLD. HLCs maintain expression of the TET enzymes and have a liver-like epigenome. LPO exposure-induced 5hmC enrichment at lipid synthesis and transport genes. HLCs treated with LPO recapitulate the transcriptional and metabolic dysregulation seen in NAFLD and additionally retain TET expression and 5hmC. This in vitro model of NAFLD will be useful for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Lyall
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jessy Cartier
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John P Thomson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kate Cameron
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | | | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Dagmara Szkolnicka
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | | | - Yu Wang
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Giovanny Rodriguez Blanco
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, School of Biosciences and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, School of Biosciences and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard R Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David C Hay
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Amanda J Drake
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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6
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Dewari PS, Southgate B, Mccarten K, Monogarov G, O'Duibhir E, Quinn N, Tyrer A, Leitner MC, Plumb C, Kalantzaki M, Blin C, Finch R, Bressan RB, Morrison G, Jacobi AM, Behlke MA, von Kriegsheim A, Tomlinson S, Krijgsveld J, Pollard SM. An efficient and scalable pipeline for epitope tagging in mammalian stem cells using Cas9 ribonucleoprotein. eLife 2018; 7:e35069. [PMID: 29638216 PMCID: PMC5947990 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 can be used for precise genetic knock-in of epitope tags into endogenous genes, simplifying experimental analysis of protein function. However, Cas9-assisted epitope tagging in primary mammalian cell cultures is often inefficient and reliant on plasmid-based selection strategies. Here, we demonstrate improved knock-in efficiencies of diverse tags (V5, 3XFLAG, Myc, HA) using co-delivery of Cas9 protein pre-complexed with two-part synthetic modified RNAs (annealed crRNA:tracrRNA) and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) repair templates. Knock-in efficiencies of ~5-30%, were achieved without selection in embryonic stem (ES) cells, neural stem (NS) cells, and brain-tumor-derived stem cells. Biallelic-tagged clonal lines were readily derived and used to define Olig2 chromatin-bound interacting partners. Using our novel web-based design tool, we established a 96-well format pipeline that enabled V5-tagging of 60 different transcription factors. This efficient, selection-free and scalable epitope tagging pipeline enables systematic surveys of protein expression levels, subcellular localization, and interactors across diverse mammalian stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooran Singh Dewari
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Southgate
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Katrina Mccarten
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - German Monogarov
- German Cancer Research CenterUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Niall Quinn
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Ashley Tyrer
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Marie-Christin Leitner
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Colin Plumb
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria Kalantzaki
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Carla Blin
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Finch
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Raul Bardini Bressan
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Gillian Morrison
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Mark A Behlke
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc.CoralvilleUnited States
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon Tomlinson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- German Cancer Research CenterUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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7
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Raven A, Lu WY, Man TY, Ferreira-Gonzalez S, O'Duibhir E, Dwyer BJ, Thomson JP, Meehan RR, Bogorad R, Koteliansky V, Kotelevtsev Y, Ffrench-Constant C, Boulter L, Forbes SJ. Corrigendum: Cholangiocytes act as facultative liver stem cells during impaired hepatocyte regeneration. Nature 2018; 555:402. [PMID: 29542689 DOI: 10.1038/nature25996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature23015.
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8
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Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Lu WY, Raven A, Dwyer B, Man TY, O'Duibhir E, Lewis PJS, Campana L, Kendall TJ, Bird TG, Tarrats N, Acosta JC, Boulter L, Forbes SJ. Paracrine cellular senescence exacerbates biliary injury and impairs regeneration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1020. [PMID: 29523787 PMCID: PMC5844882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a mechanism that provides an irreversible barrier to cell cycle progression to prevent undesired proliferation. However, under pathological circumstances, senescence can adversely affect organ function, viability and regeneration. We have developed a mouse model of biliary senescence, based on the conditional deletion of Mdm2 in bile ducts under the control of the Krt19 promoter, that exhibits features of biliary disease. Here we report that senescent cholangiocytes induce profound alterations in the cellular and signalling microenvironment, with recruitment of myofibroblasts and macrophages causing collagen deposition, TGFβ production and induction of senescence in surrounding cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. Finally, we study how inhibition of TGFβ-signalling disrupts the transmission of senescence and restores liver function. We identify cellular senescence as a detrimental mechanism in the development of biliary injury. Our results identify TGFβ as a potential therapeutic target to limit senescence-dependent aggravation in human cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ferreira-Gonzalez
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Alexander Raven
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Benjamin Dwyer
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Tak Yung Man
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Philip J Starkey Lewis
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lara Campana
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Tim J Kendall
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Thomas G Bird
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nuria Tarrats
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Juan-Carlos Acosta
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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9
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Campana L, Starkey Lewis PJ, Pellicoro A, Aucott RL, Man J, O'Duibhir E, Mok SE, Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Livingstone E, Greenhalgh SN, Hull KL, Kendall TJ, Vernimmen D, Henderson NC, Boulter L, Gregory CD, Feng Y, Anderton SM, Forbes SJ, Iredale JP. The STAT3-IL-10-IL-6 Pathway Is a Novel Regulator of Macrophage Efferocytosis and Phenotypic Conversion in Sterile Liver Injury. J Immunol 2018; 200:1169-1187. [PMID: 29263216 PMCID: PMC5784823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The disposal of apoptotic bodies by professional phagocytes is crucial to effective inflammation resolution. Our ability to improve the disposal of apoptotic bodies by professional phagocytes is impaired by a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the engulfment and digestion of the efferocytic cargo. Macrophages are professional phagocytes necessary for liver inflammation, fibrosis, and resolution, switching their phenotype from proinflammatory to restorative. Using sterile liver injury models, we show that the STAT3-IL-10-IL-6 axis is a positive regulator of macrophage efferocytosis, survival, and phenotypic conversion, directly linking debris engulfment to tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Campana
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom;
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Starkey Lewis
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Pellicoro
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Aucott
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Man
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Mok
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Ferreira-Gonzalez
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Eilidh Livingstone
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen N Greenhalgh
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine L Hull
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Vernimmen
- Developmental Biology Division, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Boulter
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom; and
| | - Christopher D Gregory
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Feng
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Anderton
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - John P Iredale
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- Senate House, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
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10
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Haideri SS, McKinnon AC, Taylor AH, Kirkwood P, Lewis PJS, O'Duibhir E, Vernay B, Forbes S, Forrester LM. Erratum: Author Correction: Injection of embryonic stem cell-derived macrophages ameliorates fibrosis in a murine model of liver injury. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 2:31. [PMID: 29303159 PMCID: PMC5684395 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin S Haideri
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - Alison C McKinnon
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - A Helen Taylor
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - Phoebe Kirkwood
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - Philip J Starkey Lewis
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - Bertrand Vernay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - Stuart Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - Lesley M Forrester
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
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11
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O'Duibhir E, Paris J, Lawson H, Sepulveda C, Shenton DD, Carragher NO, Kranc KR. Machine Learning Enables Live Label-Free Phenotypic Screening in Three Dimensions. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 16:51-63. [PMID: 29345979 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large amount of information in brightfield images that was previously inaccessible by using traditional microscopy techniques. This information can now be exploited by using machine-learning approaches for both image segmentation and the classification of objects. We have combined these approaches with a label-free assay for growth and differentiation of leukemic colonies, to generate a novel platform for phenotypic drug discovery. Initially, a supervised machine-learning algorithm was used to identify in-focus colonies growing in a three-dimensional (3D) methylcellulose gel. Once identified, unsupervised clustering and principle component analysis of texture-based phenotypic profiles were applied to group similar phenotypes. In a proof-of-concept study, we successfully identified a novel phenotype induced by a compound that is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of leukemia. We believe that our platform will be of great benefit for the utilization of patient-derived 3D cell culture systems for both drug discovery and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan O'Duibhir
- 1 Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmin Paris
- 1 Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Lawson
- 1 Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Sepulveda
- 1 Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dahlia Doughty Shenton
- 2 Edinburgh Phenotypic Assay Centre, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil O Carragher
- 3 Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- 1 Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- 3 Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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O'Duibhir E, Carragher NO, Pollard SM. Accelerating glioblastoma drug discovery: Convergence of patient-derived models, genome editing and phenotypic screening. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 80:198-207. [PMID: 27825983 PMCID: PMC6128397 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM) continue to face a bleak prognosis. It is critical that new effective therapeutic strategies are developed. GBM stem cells have molecular hallmarks of neural stem and progenitor cells and it is possible to propagate both non-transformed normal neural stem cells and GBM stem cells, in defined, feeder-free, adherent culture. These primary stem cell lines provide an experimental model that is ideally suited to cell-based drug discovery or genetic screens in order to identify tumour-specific vulnerabilities. For many solid tumours, including GBM, the genetic disruptions that drive tumour initiation and growth have now been catalogued. CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technologies have recently emerged, transforming our ability to functionally annotate the human genome. Genome editing opens prospects for engineering precise genetic changes in normal and GBM-derived neural stem cells, which will provide more defined and reliable genetic models, with critical matched pairs of isogenic cell lines. Generation of more complex alleles such as knock in tags or fluorescent reporters is also now possible. These new cellular models can be deployed in cell-based phenotypic drug discovery (PDD). Here we discuss the convergence of these advanced technologies (iPS cells, neural stem cell culture, genome editing and high content phenotypic screening) and how they herald a new era in human cellular genetics that should have a major impact in accelerating glioblastoma drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan O'Duibhir
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Steven M Pollard
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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13
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de Jonge WJ, O'Duibhir E, Lijnzaad P, van Leenen D, Groot Koerkamp MJ, Kemmeren P, Holstege FC. Molecular mechanisms that distinguish TFIID housekeeping from regulatable SAGA promoters. EMBO J 2016; 36:274-290. [PMID: 27979920 PMCID: PMC5286361 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An important distinction is frequently made between constitutively expressed housekeeping genes versus regulated genes. Although generally characterized by different DNA elements, chromatin architecture and cofactors, it is not known to what degree promoter classes strictly follow regulatability rules and which molecular mechanisms dictate such differences. We show that SAGA‐dominated/TATA‐box promoters are more responsive to changes in the amount of activator, even compared to TFIID/TATA‐like promoters that depend on the same activator Hsf1. Regulatability is therefore an inherent property of promoter class. Further analyses show that SAGA/TATA‐box promoters are more dynamic because TATA‐binding protein recruitment through SAGA is susceptible to removal by Mot1. In addition, the nucleosome configuration upon activator depletion shifts on SAGA/TATA‐box promoters and seems less amenable to preinitiation complex formation. The results explain the fundamental difference between housekeeping and regulatable genes, revealing an additional facet of combinatorial control: an activator can elicit a different response dependent on core promoter class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim J de Jonge
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Lijnzaad
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dik van Leenen
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Ja Groot Koerkamp
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Kemmeren
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Cp Holstege
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands .,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Oosthuyzen W, Scullion KM, Ivy JR, Morrison EE, Hunter RW, Starkey Lewis PJ, O'Duibhir E, Street JM, Caporali A, Gregory CD, Forbes SJ, Webb DJ, Bailey MA, Dear JW. Vasopressin Regulates Extracellular Vesicle Uptake by Kidney Collecting Duct Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3345-3355. [PMID: 27020854 PMCID: PMC5084879 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) facilitate intercellular communication along the nephron, with the potential to change the function of the recipient cell. However, it is not known whether this is a regulated process analogous to other signaling systems. We investigated the potential hormonal regulation of ECV transfer and report that desmopressin, a vasopressin analogue, stimulated the uptake of fluorescently loaded ECVs into a kidney collecting duct cell line (mCCDC11) and into primary cells. Exposure of mCCDC11 cells to ECVs isolated from cells overexpressing microRNA-503 led to downregulated expression of microRNA-503 target genes, but only in the presence of desmopressin. Mechanistically, ECV entry into mCCDC11 cells required cAMP production, was reduced by inhibiting dynamin, and was selective for ECVs from kidney tubular cells. In vivo, we measured the urinary excretion and tissue uptake of fluorescently loaded ECVs delivered systemically to mice before and after administration of the vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan. In control-treated mice, we recovered 2.5% of administered ECVs in the urine; tolvaptan increased recovery five-fold and reduced ECV deposition in kidney tissue. Furthermore, in a patient with central diabetes insipidus, desmopressin reduced the excretion of ECVs derived from glomerular and proximal tubular cells. These data are consistent with vasopressin-regulated uptake of ECVs in vivo We conclude that ECV uptake is a specific and regulated process. Physiologically, ECVs are a new mechanism of intercellular communication; therapeutically, ECVs may be a vehicle by which RNA therapy could be targeted to specific cells for the treatment of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilna Oosthuyzen
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh and
| | - Kathleen M Scullion
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh and
| | - Jessica R Ivy
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh and
| | - Emma E Morrison
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh and
| | - Robert W Hunter
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh and
| | - Philip J Starkey Lewis
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jonathan M Street
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrea Caporali
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh and
| | - Christopher D Gregory
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - David J Webb
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh and
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh and
| | - James W Dear
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh and
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15
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Vukovic M, Guitart AV, Sepulveda C, Villacreces A, O'Duibhir E, Panagopoulou TI, Ivens A, Menendez-Gonzalez J, Iglesias JM, Allen L, Glykofrydis F, Subramani C, Armesilla-Diaz A, Post AEM, Schaak K, Gezer D, So CWE, Holyoake TL, Wood A, O'Carroll D, Ratcliffe PJ, Kranc KR. Hif-1α and Hif-2α synergize to suppress AML development but are dispensable for disease maintenance. J Exp Med 2015; 212:2223-34. [PMID: 26642852 PMCID: PMC4689165 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemogenesis occurs under hypoxic conditions within the bone marrow (BM). Knockdown of key mediators of cellular responses to hypoxia with shRNA, namely hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) or HIF-2α, in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples results in their apoptosis and inability to engraft, implicating HIF-1α or HIF-2α as therapeutic targets. However, genetic deletion of Hif-1α has no effect on mouse AML maintenance and may accelerate disease development. Here, we report the impact of conditional genetic deletion of Hif-2α or both Hif-1α and Hif-2α at different stages of leukemogenesis in mice. Deletion of Hif-2α accelerates development of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and shortens AML latency initiated by Mll-AF9 and its downstream effectors Meis1 and Hoxa9. Notably, the accelerated initiation of AML caused by Hif-2α deletion is further potentiated by Hif-1α codeletion. However, established LSCs lacking Hif-2α or both Hif-1α and Hif-2α propagate AML with the same latency as wild-type LSCs. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of the HIF pathway or HIF-2α knockout using the lentiviral CRISPR-Cas9 system in human established leukemic cells with MLL-AF9 translocation have no impact on their functions. We therefore conclude that although Hif-1α and Hif-2α synergize to suppress the development of AML, they are not required for LSC maintenance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Protein
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vukovic
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Amelie V Guitart
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Catarina Sepulveda
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Arnaud Villacreces
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Theano I Panagopoulou
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Alasdair Ivens
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Evolution, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, Scotland, UK
| | - Juan Menendez-Gonzalez
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Lewis Allen
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Fokion Glykofrydis
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Chithra Subramani
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Annemarie E M Post
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Katrin Schaak
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Deniz Gezer
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK Klinik fuer Haematologie, Onkologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Universitaetsklinikum Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G120 ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, England, UK
| | - Tessa L Holyoake
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G120 ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew Wood
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK
| | - Dónal O'Carroll
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Mouse Biology Unit, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Peter J Ratcliffe
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, England, UK
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK
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16
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O'Duibhir E, Lijnzaad P, Benschop JJ, Lenstra TL, van Leenen D, Groot Koerkamp MJA, Margaritis T, Brok MO, Kemmeren P, Holstege FCP. Cell cycle population effects in perturbation studies. Mol Syst Biol 2014; 10:732. [PMID: 24952590 PMCID: PMC4265054 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth condition perturbation or gene function disruption are commonly used strategies to study cellular systems. Although it is widely appreciated that such experiments may involve indirect effects, these frequently remain uncharacterized. Here, analysis of functionally unrelated Saccharyomyces cerevisiae deletion strains reveals a common gene expression signature. One property shared by these strains is slower growth, with increased presence of the signature in more slowly growing strains. The slow growth signature is highly similar to the environmental stress response (ESR), an expression response common to diverse environmental perturbations. Both environmental and genetic perturbations result in growth rate changes. These are accompanied by a change in the distribution of cells over different cell cycle phases. Rather than representing a direct expression response in single cells, both the slow growth signature and ESR mainly reflect a redistribution of cells over different cell cycle phases, primarily characterized by an increase in the G1 population. The findings have implications for any study of perturbation that is accompanied by growth rate changes. Strategies to counter these effects are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Lijnzaad
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris J Benschop
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke L Lenstra
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dik van Leenen
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thanasis Margaritis
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mariel O Brok
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Kemmeren
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank C P Holstege
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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17
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Meinel DM, Burkert-Kautzsch C, Kieser A, O'Duibhir E, Siebert M, Mayer A, Cramer P, Söding J, Holstege FCP, Sträßer K. Recruitment of TREX to the transcription machinery by its direct binding to the phospho-CTD of RNA polymerase II. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003914. [PMID: 24244187 PMCID: PMC3828145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis and export are tightly linked, but the molecular mechanisms of this coupling are largely unknown. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the conserved TREX complex couples transcription to mRNA export and mediates mRNP formation. Here, we show that TREX is recruited to the transcription machinery by direct interaction of its subcomplex THO with the serine 2-serine 5 (S2/S5) diphosphorylated CTD of RNA polymerase II. S2 and/or tyrosine 1 (Y1) phosphorylation of the CTD is required for TREX occupancy in vivo, establishing a second interaction platform necessary for TREX recruitment in addition to RNA. Genome-wide analyses show that the occupancy of THO and the TREX components Sub2 and Yra1 increases from the 5' to the 3' end of the gene in accordance with the CTD S2 phosphorylation pattern. Importantly, in a mutant strain, in which TREX is recruited to genes but does not increase towards the 3' end, the expression of long transcripts is specifically impaired. Thus, we show for the first time that a 5'-3' increase of a protein complex is essential for correct expression of the genome. In summary, we provide insight into how the phospho-code of the CTD directs mRNP formation and export through TREX recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M. Meinel
- Gene Center and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM at the Department of Biochemistry of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Burkert-Kautzsch
- Gene Center and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM at the Department of Biochemistry of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Kieser
- Gene Center and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM at the Department of Biochemistry of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Siebert
- Gene Center and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM at the Department of Biochemistry of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Gene Center and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM at the Department of Biochemistry of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Gene Center and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM at the Department of Biochemistry of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Söding
- Gene Center and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM at the Department of Biochemistry of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank C. P. Holstege
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Katja Sträßer
- Gene Center and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM at the Department of Biochemistry of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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18
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Kan AA, van Erp S, Derijck AAHA, de Wit M, Hessel EVS, O'Duibhir E, de Jager W, Van Rijen PC, Gosselaar PH, de Graan PNE, Pasterkamp RJ. Genome-wide microRNA profiling of human temporal lobe epilepsy identifies modulators of the immune response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3127-45. [PMID: 22535415 PMCID: PMC3428527 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying mTLE may involve defects in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that control the expression of genes at the post-transcriptional level. Here, we performed a genome-wide miRNA profiling study to examine whether miRNA-mediated mechanisms are affected in human mTLE. miRNA profiles of the hippocampus of autopsy control patients and two mTLE patient groups were compared. This revealed segregated miRNA signatures for the three different patient groups and 165 miRNAs with up- or down-regulated expression in mTLE. miRNA in situ hybridization detected cell type-specific changes in miRNA expression and an abnormal nuclear localization of select miRNAs in neurons and glial cells of mTLE patients. Of several cellular processes implicated in mTLE, the immune response was most prominently targeted by deregulated miRNAs. Enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators was paralleled by a reduction in miRNAs that were found to target the 3'-untranslated regions of these genes in reporter assays. miR-221 and miR-222 were shown to regulate endogenous ICAM1 expression and were selectively co-expressed with ICAM1 in astrocytes in mTLE patients. Our findings suggest that miRNA changes in mTLE affect the expression of immunomodulatory proteins thereby further facilitating the immune response. This mechanism may have broad implications given the central role of astrocytes and the immune system in human neurological disease. Overall, this work extends the current concepts of human mTLE pathogenesis to the level of miRNA-mediated gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne A Kan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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