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Fathi E, Valipour B, Jafari S, Kazemi A, Montazersaheb S, Farahzadi R. The role of the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells-derived extracellular vesicles in hematopoiesis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35051. [PMID: 39157371 PMCID: PMC11327835 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are tightly regulated by specific microenvironments called niches to produce an appropriate number of mature blood cell types. Self-renewal and differentiation are two hallmarks of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and their balance is critical for proper functioning of blood and immune cells throughout life. In addition to cell-intrinsic regulation, extrinsic cues within the bone marrow niche and systemic factors also affect the fate of HSCs. Despite this, many paracrine and endocrine factors that influence the function of hematopoietic cells remain unknown. In hematological malignancies, malignant cells remodel their niche into a permissive environment to enhance the survival of leukemic cells. These events are accompanied by loss of normal hematopoiesis. It is well known that extracellular vehicles (EVs) mediate intracellular interactions under physiological and pathological conditions. In other words, EVs transfer biological information to surrounding cells and contribute not only to physiological functions but also to the pathogenesis of some diseases, such as cancers. Therefore, a better understanding of cell-to-cell interactions may lead to identification of potential therapeutic targets. Recent reports have suggested that EVs are evolutionarily conserved constitutive mediators that regulate hematopoiesis. Here, we focus on the emerging roles of EVs in normal and pathological conditions, particularly in hematological malignancies. Owing to the high abundance of EVs in biological fluids, their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic tools is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Valipour
- Department of Basic Sciences and Health, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | - Sevda Jafari
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdolhassan Kazemi
- Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Ramezani A, Tafazoli A, Salimi F, Ghavami M, Arjmandi H, Khalesi B, Hashemi ZS, Khalili S. Current knowledge on therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostics applications of exosomes in multiple myeloma: Opportunities and challenges. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 756:109994. [PMID: 38626818 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between the plasma cells and the BM microenvironment of Multiple myeloma (MM) take place through factors such as exosomes. Many studies have confirmed the role of exosomes in these interactions. By carrying proteins, cytokines, lipids, microRNAs, etc. as their cargo, exosomes can regulate the interactions between MM plasma cells and neighboring cells and participate in the signaling between cancer cells and the environment. It has been shown that MM-derived exosomes can induce angiogenesis, enhance osteoblast activity, confer drug resistance, and have immunosuppressive properties. Abnormal cargos in endosomes originating from MM patients, can be used as a cancer biomarker to detect or screen early prognosis in MM patients. The native nanostructure of exosomes, in addition to their biocompatibility, stability, and safety, make them excellent candidates for therapeutic, drug delivery, and immunomodulatory applications against MM. On the other hand, exosomes derived from dendritic cells (DC) may be used as vaccines against MM. Thanks to the development of new 'omics' approaches, we anticipate to hear more about exosomes in fight against MM. In the present review, we described the most current knowledge on the role of exosomes in MM pathogenesis and their potential role as novel biomarkers and therapeutic tools in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghdas Ramezani
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aida Tafazoli
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Salimi
- Production Department, Carayakhteh Co (Ltd), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahlegha Ghavami
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Hanie Arjmandi
- Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran.
| | - Bahman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj 3197619751, Iran.
| | - Zahra Sadat Hashemi
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Zhou Q, Li Z, Xi Y. EV-mediated intercellular communication in acute myeloid leukemia: Transport of genetic materials in the bone marrow microenvironment. Exp Hematol 2024; 133:104175. [PMID: 38311165 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common hematological cancer. Cancer cells exchange information with the surrounding microenvironment, which can be transmitted by extracellular vesicles (EVs). In recent years, the genetic materials transported by EVs have attracted attention due to their important roles in different pathological processes. EV-derived ncRNAs (EV-ncRNAs) regulate physiological functions and maintain homeostasis, mainly including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. However, the mechanism of involvement and potential clinical application of EV-ncRNAs in AML have not been reported. Given the unique importance of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) for AML, a greater understanding of the communication between leukemic cells and the BMME is needed to improve the prognosis of patients and reduce the incidence of recurrence. Additionally, studies on leukemic EV-ncRNA transport guide the design of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for AML. This review systematically describes intercellular communication in the BMME of AML and emphasizes the role of EVs. More importantly, we focus on the information transmission of EV-ncRNAs in the BMME to explore their clinical application as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
- Extracellular Vesicles/genetics
- Cell Communication
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Animals
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zijian Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yaming Xi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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4
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Van Morckhoven D, Dubois N, Bron D, Meuleman N, Lagneaux L, Stamatopoulos B. Extracellular vesicles in hematological malignancies: EV-dence for reshaping the tumoral microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1265969. [PMID: 37822925 PMCID: PMC10562589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Following their discovery at the end of the 20th century, extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 50-1,000 nm have proven to be paramount in the progression of many cancers, including hematological malignancies. EVs are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that include small EVs (commonly called exosomes) and large EVs (microparticles). They have been demonstrated to participate in multiple physiological and pathological processes by allowing exchange of biological material (including among others proteins, DNA and RNA) between cells. They are therefore a crucial way of intercellular communication. In this context, malignant cells can release these extracellular vesicles that can influence their microenvironment, induce the formation of a tumorigenic niche, and prepare and establish distant niches facilitating metastasis by significantly impacting the phenotypes of surrounding cells and turning them toward supportive roles. In addition, EVs are also able to manipulate the immune response and to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment. This in turn allows for ideal conditions for heightened chemoresistance and increased disease burden. Here, we review the latest findings and reports studying the effects and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in various hematological malignancies. The study of extracellular vesicles remains in its infancy; however, rapid advances in the analysis of these vesicles in the context of disease allow us to envision prospects to improve the detection and treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Morckhoven
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathan Dubois
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Departement of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Departement of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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5
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Das K, Mukherjee T, Shankar P. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Hematological Malignancies: Interaction with Tumor Microenvironment; a Potential Biomarker and Targeted Therapy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:897. [PMID: 37371477 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the development and progression of hematological malignancies. In recent years, studies have focused on understanding how tumor cells communicate within the TME. In addition to several factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, etc., a growing body of evidence has indicated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the communication of tumor cells within the TME, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. The present review focuses on how EVs derived from tumor cells interact with the cells in the TME, such as immune cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and ECM components, and vice versa, in the context of various hematological malignancies. EVs recovered from the body fluids of cancer patients often carry the bioactive molecules of the originating cells and hence can be considered new predictive biomarkers for specific types of cancer, thereby also acting as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss how EVs influence hematological tumor progression via tumor-host crosstalk and their use as biomarkers for hematological malignancies, thereby benefiting the development of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Prem Shankar
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
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6
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Wu Y, Hong Q, Lu F, Zhang Z, Li J, Nie Z, He B. The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of miR-155 in Cancers: An Updated Meta-analysis. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:283-301. [PMID: 36939982 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-155 has been discussed as a biomarker in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Although relevant studies have been published, the role of microRNA-155 remains uncertain because of insufficient data. METHODS We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to obtain relevant articles and extract data to evaluate the role of microRNA-155 in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. RESULTS The pooled results showed that microRNA-155 presented a remarkable diagnostic value in cancers (area under the curve = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI 0.87-0.92; sensitivity = 0.83, 95% CI 0.79-0.87; specificity = 0.83, 95% CI 0.80-0.86), which was maintained in the subgroups stratified by ethnicity (Asian and Caucasian), cancer types (breast cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, leukemia, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma), sample types (plasma, serum, tissue), and sample size (n >100 and n <100). In prognosis, a combined hazard ratio (HR) showed that microRNA-155 was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.25-1.54) and recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.65-2.76), and was boundary significant with poor progression-free survival (HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.00-1.44), but not significant with disease-free survival (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.70-1.85). Subgroup analyses in overall survival showed that microRNA-155 was associated with poor overall survival in the subgroups stratified by ethnicity and sample size. However, the significant association was maintained in cancer types subgroups of leukemia, lung cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma, but not in colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and breast cancer, and was maintained in sample types subgroups of bone marrow and tissue, but not in plasma and serum. CONCLUSIONS Results from this meta-analysis demonstrated that microRNA-155 was a valuable biomarker in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiwei Hong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongqiu Zhang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenlin Nie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bangshun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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7
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Dubois K, Tannoury M, Bauvois B, Susin SA, Garnier D. Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Tumor Microenvironment Messengers as a Basis for New Targeted Therapies? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082307. [PMID: 37190234 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to intrinsic genomic and nongenomic alterations, tumor progression is also dependent on the tumor microenvironment (TME, mainly composed of the extracellular matrix (ECM), secreted factors, and bystander immune and stromal cells). In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), B cells have a defect in cell death; contact with the TME in secondary lymphoid organs dramatically increases the B cells' survival via the activation of various molecular pathways, including the B cell receptor and CD40 signaling. Conversely, CLL cells increase the permissiveness of the TME by inducing changes in the ECM, secreted factors, and bystander cells. Recently, the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released into the TME have emerged as key arbiters of cross-talk with tumor cells. The EVs' cargo can contain various bioactive substances (including metabolites, proteins, RNA, and DNA); upon delivery to target cells, these substances can induce intracellular signaling and drive tumor progression. Here, we review recent research on the biology of EVs in CLL. EVs have diagnostic/prognostic significance and clearly influence the clinical outcome of CLL; hence, from the perspective of blocking CLL-TME interactions, EVs are therapeutic targets. The identification of novel EV inhibitors might pave the way to the development of novel combination treatments for CLL and the optimization of currently available treatments (including immunotherapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenza Dubois
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Mariana Tannoury
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bauvois
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Santos A Susin
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Garnier
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, F-75006 Paris, France
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8
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Li L, Mussack V, Görgens A, Pepeldjiyska E, Hartz AS, Aslan H, Rackl E, Rank A, Schmohl J, El Andaloussi S, Pfaffl MW, Schmetzer H. The potential role of serum extracellular vesicle derived small RNAs in AML research as non-invasive biomarker. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1691-1705. [PMID: 36926576 PMCID: PMC10012871 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00959e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EV) are cell-derived vesicles released by all cells in health and disease. Accordingly, EVs are also released by cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a hematologic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled growth of immature myeloid cells, and these EVs likely carry markers and molecular cargo reflecting the malignant transformation occurring in diseased cells. Monitoring antileukemic or proleukemic processes during disease development and treatment is essential. Therefore, EVs and EV-derived microRNA (miRNA) from AML samples were explored as biomarkers to distinguish disease-related patterns ex vivo or in vivo. METHODOLOGY EVs were purified from serum of healthy (H) volunteers and AML patients by immunoaffinity. EV surface protein profiles were analyzed by multiplex bead-based flow cytometry (MBFCM) and total RNA was isolated from EVs prior to miRNA profiling via small RNA sequencing. RESULTS MBFCM revealed different surface protein patterns in H versus AML EVs. miRNA analysis showed individual as well as highly dysregulated patterns in H and AML samples. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we provide a proof-of-concept for the discriminative potential of EV derived miRNA profiles as biomarkers in H versus AML samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich Marchioninistraße 15 81377 Munich Germany +49 89 4400 76137 +49 89 4400 73137
| | - Veronika Mussack
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen Germany
| | - Elena Pepeldjiyska
- Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich Marchioninistraße 15 81377 Munich Germany +49 89 4400 76137 +49 89 4400 73137
| | - Anne Sophie Hartz
- Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich Marchioninistraße 15 81377 Munich Germany +49 89 4400 76137 +49 89 4400 73137
| | - Hazal Aslan
- Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich Marchioninistraße 15 81377 Munich Germany +49 89 4400 76137 +49 89 4400 73137
| | - Elias Rackl
- Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich Marchioninistraße 15 81377 Munich Germany +49 89 4400 76137 +49 89 4400 73137
| | - Andreas Rank
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Augsburg Augsburg Germany
| | - Jörg Schmohl
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Helga Schmetzer
- Immune-Modulation, Medical Department III, University Hospital of Munich Marchioninistraße 15 81377 Munich Germany +49 89 4400 76137 +49 89 4400 73137
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Louie HH, Mugisho OO, Chamley LW, Rupenthal ID. Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers and Therapeutics for Inflammatory Eye Diseases. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:23-40. [PMID: 36332193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of cell-derived membrane vesicles of varying sizes that can be secreted by most cells. Depending on the type of cell they are derived from, EVs may contain a variety of cargo including proteins, lipids, miRNA, and DNA. Functionally, EVs play important roles in physiological and pathological processes through intercellular communication. While there has already been significant literature on the involvement of EVs in neurological and cardiovascular disease as well as cancer, recent evidence suggests that EVs may also play a role in mediating inflammatory eye diseases. This paper summarizes current advancements in ocular EV research as well as new ways by which EVs may be utilized as novel biomarkers of or therapeutics for inflammatory eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Louie
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Hub for Extracellular Vesicle Investigations, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Odunayo O Mugisho
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle Investigations, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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10
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Menu E, Vanderkerken K. Exosomes in multiple myeloma: from bench to bedside. Blood 2022; 140:2429-2442. [PMID: 35271699 PMCID: PMC10653045 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable plasma cell malignancy that develops in the bone marrow (BM). This BM is partially responsible for protecting the MM cells against current standard-of-care therapies and for accommodating MM-related symptoms such as bone resorption and immune suppression. Increasing evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes in the different processes within the BM. Exosomes are <150-nm-sized vesicles secreted by different cell types including MM cells. These vesicles contain protein and RNA cargo that they deliver to the recipient cell. In this way, they have been implicated in MM-related processes including osteolysis, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and drug resistance. Targeting exosome secretion could therefore potentially block these different processes. In this review, we will summarize the current findings of exosome-related processes in the BM and describe not only the current treatment strategies to counter them but also how exosomes can be harnessed to deliver toxic payloads. Finally, an overview of the different clinical studies that investigate EV cargo as potential MM biomarkers in liquid biopsies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Lang JB, Buck MC, Rivière J, Stambouli O, Sachenbacher K, Choudhary P, Dietz H, Giebel B, Bassermann F, Oostendorp RAJ, Götze KS, Hecker JS. Comparative analysis of extracellular vesicle isolation methods from human AML bone marrow cells and AML cell lines. Front Oncol 2022; 12:949261. [PMID: 36263223 PMCID: PMC9574064 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular crosstalk between hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and the bone marrow (BM) niche is vital for the development and maintenance of myeloid malignancies. These compartments can communicate via bidirectional transfer of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EV trafficking in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) plays a crucial role in shaping the BM microenvironment into a leukemia-permissive niche. Although several EV isolation methods have been developed, it remains a major challenge to define the most accurate and reliable procedure. Here, we tested the efficacy and functional assay compatibility of four different EV isolation methods in leukemia-derived EVs: (1) membrane affinity-based: exoEasy Kit alone and (2) in combination with Amicon filtration; (3) precipitation: ExoQuick-TC; and (4) ultracentrifugation (UC). Western blot analysis of EV fractions showed the highest enrichment of EV marker expression (e.g., CD63, HSP70, and TSG101) by precipitation with removal of overabundant soluble proteins [e.g., bovine serum albumin (BSA)], which were not discarded using UC. Besides the presence of damaged EVs after UC, intact EVs were successfully isolated with all methods as evidenced by highly maintained spherical- and cup-shaped vesicles in transmission electron microscopy. Nanoparticle tracking analysis of EV particle size and concentration revealed significant differences in EV isolation efficacy, with exoEasy Kit providing the highest EV yield recovery. Of note, functional assays with exoEasy Kit-isolated EVs showed significant toxicity towards treated target cells [e.g., mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)], which was abrogated when combining exoEasy Kit with Amicon filtration. Additionally, MSC treated with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged exoEasy Kit-isolated EVs did not show any EV uptake, while EV isolation by precipitation demonstrated efficient EV internalization. Taken together, the choice of EV isolation procedure significantly impacts the yield and potential functionality of leukemia-derived EVs. The cheapest method (UC) resulted in contaminated and destructed EV fractions, while the isolation method with the highest EV yield (exoEasy Kit) appeared to be incompatible with functional assays. We identified two methods (precipitation-based ExoQuick-TC and membrane affinity-based exoEasy Kit combined with Amicon filtration) yielding pure and intact EVs, also suitable for application in functional assays. This study highlights the importance of selecting the right EV isolation method depending on the desired experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas B. Lang
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Michèle C. Buck
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Rivière
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Oumaima Stambouli
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ken Sachenbacher
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Purva Choudhary
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik Dietz
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Bassermann
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Robert A. J. Oostendorp
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina S. Götze
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith S. Hecker
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Judith S. Hecker,
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12
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Kulka M, Brennan K, Mc Gee M. Investigation of canine extracellular vesicles in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274261. [PMID: 36125986 PMCID: PMC9488776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are the most common lymphoproliferative diseases in dogs. DLBCL diagnosis to date has relied on histopathological analysis; however liquid biopsies have gained attention in recent years as a source of diagnostic and prognostic information. Liquid biopsies can be a source of circulating DNA, miRNA, circulating tumour cells or extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study EVs were isolated from the plasma of healthy dogs, and dogs with lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma by iodixanol density gradient centrifugation. These EVs were positive for the EV markers CD63 and TSG101 and the pan-B cell markers CD79a, CD21, CD45, CD20. NTA analysis revealed that the DLBCL and adenocarcinoma dogs had elevated plasma EVs relative to the healthy dogs. Furthermore, the modal size of lymphoma EVs had decreased relative to healthy dogs while adenocarcinoma EVs were unchanged. This study demonstrates that the plasma EV population is altered in canine lymphoma patients in a manner similar to previous studies on human lymphomas. The similar changes to the EV population in dogs, together with the similar pathological features and treatment protocols in canine and human non-Hodgkin lymphomas would make dogs a good comparative model for studying the role of EVs in DLBCL development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kulka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Kieran Brennan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret Mc Gee
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Sun G, Gu Q, Zheng J, Cheng H, Cheng T. Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:160840. [PMID: 36106632 PMCID: PMC9479752 DOI: 10.1172/jci160840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells, regulated by their microenvironment (or “niche”), sustain the production of mature blood and immune cells. Leukemia cells remodel the microenvironment to enhance their survival, which is accompanied by the loss of support for normal hematopoiesis in hematologic malignancies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication in physiological and pathological conditions, and deciphering their functions in cell-cell interactions in the ecosystem can highlight potential therapeutic targets. In this Review, we illustrate the utility of EVs derived from various cell types, focusing on the biological molecules they contain and the behavioral alterations they can induce in recipient cells. We also discuss the potential for clinical application in hematologic malignancies, including EV-based therapeutic regimens, drug delivery via EVs, and the use of EVs (or their cargoes) as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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14
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Allegra A, Cancemi G, Mirabile G, Tonacci A, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Circulating Tumour Cells, Cell Free DNA and Tumour-Educated Platelets as Reliable Prognostic and Management Biomarkers for the Liquid Biopsy in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174136. [PMID: 36077672 PMCID: PMC9454477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Even though the presently employed biomarkers in the detection and management of multiple myeloma are demonstrating encouraging results, the mortality percentage of the malignancy is still elevated. Thus, searching for new diagnostic or prognostic markers is pivotal. Liquid biopsy allows the examination of circulating tumour DNA, cell-free DNA, extracellular RNA, and cell free proteins, which are released into the bloodstream due to the breakdown of tumour cells or exosome delivery. Liquid biopsy can now be applied in clinical practice to diagnose, and monitor multiple myeloma, probably allowing a personalized treatment of the disease. Abstract Liquid biopsy is one of the fastest emerging fields in cancer evaluation. Circulating tumour cells and tumour-originated DNA in plasma have become the new targets for their possible employ in tumour diagnosis, and liquid biopsy can define tumour burden without invasive procedures. Multiple Myeloma, one of the most frequent hematologic tumors, has been the target of therapeutic progresses in the last few years. Bone marrow aspirate is the traditional tool for diagnosis, prognosis, and genetic evaluation in multiple myeloma patients. However, this painful procedure presents a relevant drawback for regular disease examination as it requires an invasive practice. Moreover, new data demonstrated that a sole bone marrow aspirate is incapable of expressing the multifaceted multiple myeloma genetic heterogeneity. In this review, we report the emerging usefulness of the assessment of circulating tumour cells, cell-free DNA, extracellular RNA, cell-free proteins, extracellular vesicles, and tumour-educated platelets to evaluate the changing mutational profile of multiple myeloma, as early markers of disease, reliable predictors of prognosis, and as useful tools to perform less invasive monitoring in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriella Cancemi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mirabile
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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15
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Souza OF, Popi AF. Role of microRNAs in B-Cell Compartment: Development, Proliferation and Hematological Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082004. [PMID: 36009551 PMCID: PMC9405569 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell development is a very orchestrated pathway that involves several molecules, such as transcription factors, cytokines, microRNAs, and also different cells. All these components maintain the ideal microenvironment and control B-cell differentiation. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that bind to target mRNA to control gene expression. These molecules could circulate in the body in a free form, protein-bounded, or encapsulated into extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes. The comprehension of the role of microRNAs in the B-cell development was possible based on microRNA profile of each B-cell stage and functional studies. Herein, we report the knowledge about microRNAs in the B-cell the differentiation, proliferation, and also in hematological malignancies.
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16
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Bazzoni R, Tanasi I, Turazzi N, Krampera M. Update on the role and utility of extracellular vesicles in hematological malignancies. Stem Cells 2022; 40:619-629. [PMID: 35442447 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-surrounded cellular particles released by virtually any cell type, containing numerous bioactive molecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. EVs act as a very efficient intercellular communication system by releasing their content into target cells, thus affecting their fate and influencing several biological processes. EVs are released both in physiological and pathological conditions, including several types of cancers. In hematological malignancies (HM), EVs have emerged as new critical players, contributing to tumor-to-stroma, stroma-to-tumor, and tumor-to-tumor cell communication. Therefore, EVs have been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and clinical course of several HM, contributing to tumor development, progression, and drug resistance. Furthermore, tumor EVs can reprogram the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and turn it into a sanctuary, in which cancer cells suppress both the normal hematopoiesis and the immunological anti-tumor activity, conferring a therapy-resistant phenotype. Due to their physicochemical characteristics and pro-tumor properties, EVs have been suggested as new diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and pharmacological nanocarriers. This review aims to provide an update on the pathogenetic contribution and the putative therapeutic utility of EVs in hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bazzoni
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, P. le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tanasi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, P. le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Nice Turazzi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, P. le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, P. le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
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17
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Drandi D, Decruyenaere P, Ferrante M, Offner F, Vandesompele J, Ferrero S. Nucleic Acid Biomarkers in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia and IgM-MGUS: Current Insights and Clinical Relevance. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040969. [PMID: 35454017 PMCID: PMC9028641 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) is an indolent lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, characterized by the production of excess immunoglobulin M monoclonal protein. WM belongs to the spectrum of IgM gammopathies, ranging from asymptomatic IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (IgM-MGUS), through IgM-related disorders and asymptomatic WM to symptomatic WM. In recent years, its complex genomic and transcriptomic landscape has been extensively explored, hereby elucidating the biological mechanisms underlying disease onset, progression and therapy response. An increasing number of mutations, cytogenetic abnormalities, and molecular signatures have been described that have diagnostic, phenotype defining or prognostic implications. Moreover, cell-free nucleic acid biomarkers are increasingly being investigated, benefiting the patient in a minimally invasive way. This review aims to provide an extensive overview of molecular biomarkers in WM and IgM-MGUS, considering current shortcomings, as well as potential future applications in a precision medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Drandi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Hematology Division, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.F.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Philippe Decruyenaere
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Martina Ferrante
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Hematology Division, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Fritz Offner
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simone Ferrero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Hematology Division, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.F.); (S.F.)
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18
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Trino S, Laurenzana I, Lamorte D, Calice G, De Stradis A, Santodirocco M, Sgambato A, Caivano A, De Luca L. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Functionally Compromise Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Inhibiting Normal Hematopoiesis Through the Release of Extracellular Vesicles. Front Oncol 2022; 12:824562. [PMID: 35371979 PMCID: PMC8965808 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.824562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive and heterogeneous clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). It is not well known how leukemia cells alter hematopoiesis promoting tumor growth and leukemic niche formation. In this study, we investigated how AML deregulates the hematopoietic process of HSPCs through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). First, we found that AML cells released a heterogeneous population of EVs containing microRNAs involved in AML pathogenesis. Notably, AML-EVs were able to influence the fate of HSPCs modifying their transcriptome. In fact, gene expression profile of AML-EV-treated HSPCs identified 923 down- and 630 up-regulated genes involved in hematopoiesis/differentiation, inflammatory cytokine production and cell movement. Indeed, most of the down-regulated genes are targeted by AML-EV-derived miRNAs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AML-EVs were able to affect HSPC phenotype, modifying several biological functions, such as inhibiting cell differentiation and clonogenicity, activating inflammatory cytokine production and compromising cell movement. Indeed, a redistribution of HSPC populations was observed in AML-EV treated cells with a significant increase in the frequency of common myeloid progenitors and a reduction in granulocyte-macrophage progenitors and megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors. This effect was accompanied by a reduction in HSPC colony formation. AML-EV treatment of HSPCs increased the levels of CCL3, IL-1B and CSF2 cytokines, involved in the inflammatory process and in cell movement, and decreased CXCR4 expression associated with a reduction of SDF-1 mediated-migration. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the existence of a powerful communication between AML cells and HSPCs, mediated by EVs, which suppresses normal hematopoiesis and potentially contributes to create a leukemic niche favorable to neoplastic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giovanni Calice
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Angelo De Stradis
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Santodirocco
- Trasfusional Medicine Department, Puglia Cord Blood Bank (CBB), Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Scientific Direction, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
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19
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Izadirad M, Huang Z, Jafari F, Hamidieh AA, Gharehbaghian A, Li YD, Jafari L, Chen ZS. Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Leukemia: A Mesmerizing Journey With a Focus on Transferred microRNAs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:766371. [PMID: 34692712 PMCID: PMC8527035 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.766371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their small size, the membrane-bound particles named extracellular vesicles (EVs) seem to play an enormous role in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia. From oncogenic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to become leukemic cells to alter the architecture of bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, EVs are critical components of leukemia development. As a carrier of essential molecules, especially a group of small non-coding RNAs known as miRNA, recently, EVs have attracted tremendous attention as a prognostic factor. Given the importance of miRNAs in the early stages of leukemogenesis and also their critical parts in the development of drug-resistant phenotype, it seems that the importance of EVs in the development of leukemia is more than what is expected. To be familiar with the clinical value of leukemia-derived EVs, this review aimed to briefly shed light on the biology of EVs and to discuss the role of EV-derived miRNAs in the development of acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. By elaborating the advances and challenges concerning the isolation of EVs, we discuss whether EVs could have a prognostic value in the clinical setting for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Izadirad
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoufang Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Farideh Jafari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yi-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Leila Jafari
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, NY, United States
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
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20
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Reale A, Khong T, Mithraprabhu S, Spencer A. Translational Potential of RNA Derived From Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718502. [PMID: 34513695 PMCID: PMC8429596 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between tumour cells and stromal cells is a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM), a blood cancer that still remains incurable despite increased knowledge of its biology and advances in its treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from both tumour and stromal cells have been shown to play an important role in mediating this cross-talk ultimately favouring MM progression and drug resistance. Furthermore, EVs and their content including RNA (EV-RNA) have been successfully isolated from blood and are being explored as liquid biomarkers in MM with the potential to improve diagnosis and monitoring modalities with a minimally-invasive and repeatable analysis, i.e. liquid biopsy. In this review, we describe both the role of EV-RNA in defining the biological features of MM and their potential translational relevance as liquid biomarkers, therapeutic targets and delivery systems. We also discuss the limitations and technical challenges related to the isolation and characterization of EVs and provide a perspective on the future of MM-derived EV-RNA in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Reale
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University/Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tiffany Khong
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University/Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sridurga Mithraprabhu
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University/Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University/Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, The Alfred Hospital, and Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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21
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Anelli L, Zagaria A, Specchia G, Musto P, Albano F. Dysregulation of miRNA in Leukemia: Exploiting miRNA Expression Profiles as Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137156. [PMID: 34281210 PMCID: PMC8269043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that have a crucial role in cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. miRNAs may act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors; therefore, they prevent or promote tumorigenesis, and abnormal expression has been reported in many malignancies. The role of miRNA in leukemia pathogenesis is still emerging, but several studies have suggested using miRNA expression profiles as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy in leukemia. In this review, the role of miRNAs most frequently involved in leukemia pathogenesis is discussed, focusing on the class of circulating miRNAs, consisting of cell-free RNA molecules detected in several body fluids. Circulating miRNAs could represent new potential non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of leukemia that are easy to isolate and characterize. The dysregulation of some miRNAs involved in both myeloid and lymphoid leukemia, such as miR-155, miR-29, let-7, and miR-15a/miR-16-1 clusters is discussed, showing their possible employment as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Anelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy; (L.A.); (A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Antonella Zagaria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy; (L.A.); (A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70100 Bari, Italy;
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy; (L.A.); (A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesco Albano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy; (L.A.); (A.Z.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39(0)-80-547-8031; Fax: +39-(0)80-559-3471
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He J, Xi Y, Gao N, Xu E, Chang J, Liu J. Identification of miRNA-34a and miRNA-155 as prognostic markers for mantle cell lymphoma. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211016390. [PMID: 34024195 PMCID: PMC8142528 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211016390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) with functional relevance have not been previously identified in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Here, we aimed to evaluate the relationships between miR-34a and miR-155-5p and MCL clinicopathology and prognosis. Methods Seventy-five paraffin-embedded tissue samples from patients with MCL who completed at least four cycles of chemotherapy from January 2006 to October 2016, and 27 samples from control patients with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH), were collected. MiRNA expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR. Results The miR-155-5p levels were significantly higher in patients with MCL than in the controls. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) ≥ 2 and Sex-Determining Region Y-Box transcription factor 11 (SOX11) < median value (M) groups presented lower miR-34a expression than the ECOG < 2 and SOX11 ≥ M groups, respectively. MiR-155-5p expression differed between low, intermediate, and high MCL International Prognostic Index risk groups. The AUCs of miR-34a and miR-155-5p were 0.5819 and 0.7784, respectively. The median survival times of the miR-34a ≤ 0.2150 and miR-155-5p > 2.11 groups were shorter than those of the miR-34a > 0.2150 and miR-155-5p ≤ 2.11 groups, respectively. Conclusions Low miR-34a and elevated miR-155-5p levels may be correlated with poor prognosis in MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia He
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yanfeng Xi
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Tumor Hospital Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Tumor Hospital Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Enwei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Tumor Hospital Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Jin Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
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Laurenzana I, Trino S, Lamorte D, Girasole M, Dinarelli S, De Stradis A, Grieco V, Maietti M, Traficante A, Statuto T, Villani O, Musto P, Sgambato A, De Luca L, Caivano A. Analysis of Amount, Size, Protein Phenotype and Molecular Content of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Identifies New Biomarkers in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3141-3160. [PMID: 33994784 PMCID: PMC8114829 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s303391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally secreted cellular lipid bilayer particles, which carry a selected molecular content. Owing to their systemic availability and their role in tumor pathogenesis, circulating EVs (cEVs) can be a valuable source of new biomarkers useful for tumor diagnosis, prognostication and monitoring. However, a precise approach for isolation and characterization of cEVs as tumor biomarkers, exportable in a clinical setting, has not been conclusively established. METHODS We developed a novel and laboratory-made procedure based on a bench centrifuge step which allows the isolation of serum cEVs suitable for subsequent characterization of their size, amount and phenotype by nanoparticle tracking analysis, microscopy and flow cytometry, and for nucleic acid assessment by digital PCR. RESULTS Applied to blood from healthy subjects (HSs) and tumor patients, our approach permitted from a small volume of serum (i) the isolation of a great amount of EVs enriched in small vesicles free from protein contaminants; (ii) a suitable and specific cell origin identification of EVs, and (iii) nucleic acid content assessment. In clonal plasma cell malignancy, like multiple myeloma (MM), our approach allowed us to identify specific MM EVs, and to characterize their size, concentration and microRNA content allowing significant discrimination between MM and HSs. Finally, EV associated biomarkers correlated with MM clinical parameters. CONCLUSION Overall, our cEV based procedure can play an important role in malignancy biomarker discovery and then in real-time tumor monitoring using minimal invasive samples. From a practical point of view, it is smart (small sample volume), rapid (two hours), easy (no specific expertise required) and requirements are widely available in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Marco Girasole
- Institute for the Study of the Structure of Matter, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Dinarelli
- Institute for the Study of the Structure of Matter, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo De Stradis
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Vitina Grieco
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Maddalena Maietti
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Antonio Traficante
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Teodora Statuto
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Oreste Villani
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Scientific Direction, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
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Extracellular vesicles and their associated miRNAs as potential prognostic biomarkers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:66. [PMID: 33855607 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Many prognostic and predictive biomarkers have been proposed for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Here, we aim to discuss the evidence showing a prognostic potential for extracellular vesicles (EV) and their associated microRNAs (miRNAs). RECENT FINDINGS EV are produced by several cells in the body as a physiological event; however, there is evidence suggesting that an elevated EV concentration is present in the circulation of CLL patients. Moreover, some studies have associated EV concentration with advanced Rai stage and unmutated CLL while others have demonstrated its potential as an independent prognostic factor for TTFT and OS. Finally, some studies have shown that CLL EV shared some dysregulated microRNAs with CLL cells and plasma. On the other hand, it was found that CLL EV has a distinctive microRNA expression profile. Until now, EV-associated miR-155 is the most studied miRNA. Despite methodological diversity and limitations in study design, unanimity in CLL EV concentration behaviour and miRNA content has been found.
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Chen Y, Wu T, Zhu Z, Huang H, Zhang L, Goel A, Yang M, Wang X. An integrated workflow for biomarker development using microRNAs in extracellular vesicles for cancer precision medicine. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:134-155. [PMID: 33766650 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
EV-miRNAs are microRNA (miRNA) molecules encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play crucial roles in tumor pathogenesis, progression, and metastasis. Recent studies about EV-miRNAs have gained novel insights into cancer biology and have demonstrated a great potential to develop novel liquid biopsy assays for various applications. Notably, compared to conventional liquid biomarkers, EV-miRNAs are more advantageous in representing host-cell molecular architecture and exhibiting higher stability and specificity. Despite various available techniques for EV-miRNA separation, concentration, profiling, and data analysis, a standardized approach for EV-miRNA biomarker development is yet lacking. In this review, we performed a substantial literature review and distilled an integrated workflow encompassing important steps for EV-miRNA biomarker development, including sample collection and EV isolation, EV-miRNA extraction and quantification, high-throughput data preprocessing, biomarker prioritization and model construction, functional analysis, as well as validation. With the rapid growth of "big data", we highlight the importance of efficient mining of high-throughput data for the discovery of EV-miRNA biomarkers and integrating multiple independent datasets for in silico and experimental validations to increase the robustness and reproducibility. Furthermore, as an efficient strategy in systems biology, network inference provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms and can be used to select functionally important EV-miRNAs to refine the biomarker candidates. Despite the encouraging development in the field, a number of challenges still hinder the clinical translation. We finally summarize several common challenges in various biomarker studies and discuss potential opportunities emerging in the related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhongxu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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Lv L, Liu Y. Clinical Application of Liquid Biopsy in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:658234. [PMID: 33816315 PMCID: PMC8013700 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.658234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a common type of hematological malignant tumor, composed of multiple subtypes that originate from B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. A diagnosis of NHL depends on the results of a pathology examination, which requires an invasive tissue biopsy. However, due to their invasive nature, tissue biopsies have many limitations in clinical applications, especially in terms of evaluating the therapeutic response and monitoring tumor progression. To overcome these limitations of traditional tissue biopsies, a technique known as "liquid biopsies" (LBs) was proposed. LBs refer to noninvasive examinations that can provide biological tumor data for analysis. Many studies have shown that LBs can be broadly applied to the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and monitoring of NHL. This article will briefly review various LB methods that aim to improve NHL management, including the evaluation of cell-free DNA/circulating tumor DNA, microRNA, and tumor-derived exosomes extracted from peripheral blood in NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lv
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Drillis G, Goulielmaki M, Spandidos DA, Aggelaki S, Zoumpourlis V. Non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs) and their roles in lymphogenesis in all types of lymphomas and lymphoid malignancies. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:393. [PMID: 33777216 PMCID: PMC7988683 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary developments in molecular biology have been combined with discoveries on the analysis of the role of all non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in human diseases, particularly in cancer, by examining their roles in cells. Currently, included among these common types of cancer, are all the lymphomas and lymphoid malignancies, which represent a diverse group of neoplasms and malignant disorders. Initial data suggest that non-coding RNAs, particularly long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), play key roles in oncogenesis and that lncRNA-mediated biology is an important key pathway to cancer progression. Other non-coding RNAs, termed microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs), are very promising cancer molecular biomarkers. They can be detected in tissues, cell lines, biopsy material and all biological fluids, such as blood. With the number of well-characterized cancer-related lncRNAs and miRNAs increasing, the study of the roles of non-coding RNAs in cancer is bringing forth new hypotheses of the biology of cancerous cells. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the present review provides an up-to-date summary of the recent literature referring to all diagnosed ncRNAs that mediate the pathogenesis of all types of lymphomas and lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Drillis
- 1st Internal Medicine Clinic, Medical School, Laiko University Hospital of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Aggelaki
- Oncology Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilios Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 116 35 Athens, Greece
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Trino S, Lamorte D, Caivano A, De Luca L, Sgambato A, Laurenzana I. Clinical relevance of extracellular vesicles in hematological neoplasms: from liquid biopsy to cell biopsy. Leukemia 2021; 35:661-678. [PMID: 33299143 PMCID: PMC7932927 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, liquid biopsy is becoming increasingly important in oncology. It consists in the isolation and analysis of tumor-derived biomarkers, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), in body fluids. EVs are lipid bilayer-enclosed particles, heterogeneous in size and molecular composition, released from both normal and neoplastic cells. In tumor context, EVs are valuable carriers of cancer information; in fact, their amount, phenotype and molecular cargo, including proteins, lipids, metabolites and nucleic acids, mirror nature and origin of parental cells rendering EVs appealing candidates as novel biomarkers. Translation of these new potential diagnostic tools into clinical practice could deeply revolutionize the cancer field mainly for solid tumors but for hematological neoplasms, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Scientific Direction, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
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Decruyenaere P, Offner F, Vandesompele J. Circulating RNA biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:13. [PMID: 33593440 PMCID: PMC7885416 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histological subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). DLBCL is an aggressive malignancy that displays a great heterogeneity in terms of morphology, genetics and biological behavior. While a sustained complete remission is obtained in the majority of patients with standard immunochemotherapy, patients with refractory of relapsed disease after first-line treatment have a poor prognosis. This patient group represents an important unmet need in lymphoma treatment. In recent years, improved understanding of the underlying molecular pathogenesis had led to new classification and prognostication tools, including the development of cell-free biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Although the majority of studies have focused on the use of cell-free fragments of DNA (cfDNA), there has been an increased interest in circulating-free coding and non-coding RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA), as well as RNA encapsulated in extracellular vesicles or tumor-educated platelets (TEPs). We performed a systematic search in PubMed to identify articles that evaluated circulating RNA as diagnostic, subtype, treatment response or prognostic biomarkers in a human DLBCL population. A total of 35 articles met the inclusion criteria. The aim of this systematic review is to present the current understanding of circulating RNA molecules as biomarker in DLBCL and to discuss their future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Decruyenaere
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, 9K12, Campus UZ Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fritz Offner
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, 9K12, Campus UZ Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Peripheral Blood Cells from Patients with Hodgkin's and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas May Be a Better Source of Candidate Diagnostic miRNAs Than Circulating miRNAs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3212878. [PMID: 33628777 PMCID: PMC7880712 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3212878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represent 15% and 20%, respectively, of all lymphoma types. The aim of this study was to identify and compare circulating serum miRNA (c-miRNA) and peripheral whole blood miRNA (wb-miRNA) profiles in patients with these lymphomas. Serum samples (20 HL, 21 DLBCL, and 30 healthy controls) and whole blood samples (21 HL, 17 DLBCL patients, and 30 healthy controls) were collected at the time of diagnosis. Serum and whole blood were also collected from 18 HL/17 DLBCL and eight HL/nine DLBCL patients, respectively, after treatment. Pairwise comparisons identified 125 c-miRNAs (adjusted P value < 0.05) showing significant dysregulation between 30 healthy controls and patients; of these, 47 and 55 differentiated controls from pretherapeutic HL and DLBCL patients, respectively. In addition, 60 and 16 c-miRNAs differentiated controls from posttherapeutic HL and DLBCL, respectively. Pairwise comparisons identified 292 wb-miRNAs (adjusted P value < 0.05) showing significant dysregulation between 30 controls and patients; of these, 103 and 169 differentiated controls from pretherapeutic HL and DLBCL, respectively, and 142 and 151 wb-miRNAs differentiated controls from posttherapeutic HL and DLBCL, respectively. Thus, lymphoma-associated miRNAs may be a better source of noninvasive candidate biomarkers than miRNAs in serum. It is unclear whether miRNA alterations in lymphoma cells are similar to those observed in white blood cells.
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Bernardi S, Farina M. Exosomes and Extracellular Vesicles in Myeloid Neoplasia: The Multiple and Complex Roles Played by These " Magic Bullets". BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020105. [PMID: 33540594 PMCID: PMC7912829 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by the majority of cell types and can be isolated from both cell cultures and body fluids. They are involved in cell-to-cell communication and may shuttle different messages (RNA, DNA, and proteins). These messages are known to influence the microenvironment of cells and their behavior. In recent years, some evidence about the involvement of EVs and exosomes, an EV subgroup, in immunomodulation, the transfer of disease markers, and the treatment of myeloid malignancies have been reported. Little is known about these vesicles in this particular setting of hematologic neoplasia; here, we summarize and critically review the available results, aiming to encourage further investigations. Abstract Extracellular vesicles (exosomes, in particular) are essential in multicellular organisms because they mediate cell-to-cell communication via the transfer of secreted molecules. They are able to shuttle different cargo, from nucleic acids to proteins. The role of exosomes has been widely investigated in solid tumors, which gave us surprising results about their potential involvement in pathogenesis and created an opening for liquid biopsies. Less is known about exosomes in oncohematology, particularly concerning the malignancies deriving from myeloid lineage. In this review, we aim to present an overview of immunomodulation and the microenvironment alteration mediated by exosomes released by malicious myeloid cells. Afterwards, we review the studies reporting the use of exosomes as disease biomarkers and their influence in response to treatment, together with the recent experiences that have focused on the use of exosomes as therapeutic tools. The further development of new technologies and the increased knowledge of biological (exosomes) and clinical (myeloid neoplasia) aspects are expected to change the future approaches to these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bernardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-0303998464
| | - Mirko Farina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Tools. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10121065. [PMID: 33316884 PMCID: PMC7763630 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous group of lipid particles released by all cell types in physiological and pathological states. In hematological malignancies, tumor-derived EVs are critical players in mediating intercellular communications through the transfer of genetic materials and proteins between neoplastic cells themselves and to several components of the bone marrow microenvironment, rendering the latter a “stronger” niche supporting cancer cell proliferation, drug resistance, and escape from immune surveillance. In this context, the molecular cargoes of tumor-derived EVs reflect the nature and status of the cells of origin, making them specific therapeutic targets. Another important characteristic of EVs in hematological malignancies is their use as a potential “liquid biopsy” because of their high abundance in biofluids and their ability to protect their molecular cargoes from nuclease and protease degradation. Liquid biopsies are non-invasive blood tests that provide a molecular profiling clinical tool as an alternative method of disease stratification, especially in cancer patients where solid biopsies have limited accessibility. They offer accurate diagnoses and identify specific biomarkers for monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. In this review, we will focus on the role of EVs in the most prevalent hematological malignancies, particularly on their prospective use as biomarkers in the context of liquid biopsies, as well as their molecular signature that identifies them as specific therapeutic targets for inhibiting cancer progression. We will also highlight their roles in modulating the immune response by acting as both immunosuppressors and activators of anti-tumor immunity.
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Mariani M, Mattiucci D, Rossi E, Mari V, Masala E, Giuliani A, Santini V, Olivieri F, Marinelli Busilacchi E, Mancini S, Olivieri A, Poloni A. Serum Inflamma-miR Signature: A Biomarker of Myelodysplastic Syndrome? Front Oncol 2020; 10:595838. [PMID: 33330086 PMCID: PMC7713643 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.595838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Mariani
- Hematology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, AOU Ospedali Riuniti-Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Domenico Mattiucci
- Hematology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, AOU Ospedali Riuniti-Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Rossi
- Hematology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, AOU Ospedali Riuniti-Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valeria Mari
- Hematology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, AOU Ospedali Riuniti-Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Erico Masala
- MDS Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valeria Santini
- MDS Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Marinelli Busilacchi
- Hematology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, AOU Ospedali Riuniti-Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Mancini
- Hematology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, AOU Ospedali Riuniti-Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Attilio Olivieri
- Hematology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, AOU Ospedali Riuniti-Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Poloni
- Hematology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, AOU Ospedali Riuniti-Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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34
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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Time to focus on circulating blood nucleic acids? Blood Rev 2020; 47:100776. [PMID: 33229139 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous neoplasm with diverse genetic abnormalities and outcomes. To date, DLBCL is invasively diagnosed by tissue biopsy and few biomarkers are available to predict patient outcome, treatment response and progression. The identification of patient-specific biomarkers would allow a "personalized medicine" approach for DLBCL patients. In this regard, "liquid biopsies" hold great promise, capturing the entire genetic landscape of the tumour and allowing a rapid and dynamic management of cancer. Liquid biopsy studies particularly focus on cell-free nucleic acids, such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and microRNAs, which are easy to collect and analyse. In accordance with the PRISMA criteria, we performed a systematic review on circulating nucleic acids as potential biomarkers for DLBCL management. The results suggest that combining information from the genetic (cfDNA) and epigenetic (microRNAs) landscape of the disease could lead to developing an integrated network of non-invasive biomarkers for the better management of DLBCL.
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35
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Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell signaling in the niche. Leukemia 2020; 34:3136-3148. [PMID: 33077865 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for lifelong maintenance of hematopoiesis through self-renewal and differentiation into mature blood cell lineages. Traditional models hold that HSPCs guard homeostatic function and adapt to regenerative demand by integrating cell-autonomous, intrinsic programs with extrinsic cues from the niche. Despite the biologic significance, little is known about the active roles HSPCs partake in reciprocally shaping the function of their microenvironment. Here, we review evidence of signals emerging from HSPCs through secreted autocrine or paracrine factors, including extracellular vesicles, and via direct contact within the niche. We also discuss the functional impact of direct cellular interactions between hematopoietic elements on niche occupancy in the context of leukemic infiltration. The aggregate data support a model whereby HSPCs are active participants in the dynamic adaptation of the stem cell niche unit during development and homeostasis, and under inflammatory stress, malignancy, or transplantation.
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36
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Gholipour E, Sarvarian P, Samadi P, Talebi M, Movassaghpour A, Motavalli R, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Yousefi M. Exosome: From leukemia progression to a novel therapeutic approach in leukemia treatment. Biofactors 2020; 46:698-715. [PMID: 32797698 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, as small vesicles, are released by tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (cells and function as key intercellular mediators and effects on different processes including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and evasion from immune system. These functions are due to exosomes' biomolecules which make them as efficient markers in early diagnosis of the disease. Also, exosomes have been recently applied in vaccination. The potential role of exosomes in immune response toward leukemic cells makes them efficient immunotherapeutic agents treating leukemia. Furthermore, variations in exosomes contents make them beneficial to be used in treating different diseases. This review introduces the role of exosomes in the development of hematological malignancies and evaluates their functional role in the treatment of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Gholipour
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Sarvarian
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Samadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roza Motavalli
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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37
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Longjohn MN, Hudson JABJ, Smith NC, Rise ML, Moorehead PC, Christian SL. Deciphering the messages carried by extracellular vesicles in hematological malignancies. Blood Rev 2020; 46:100734. [PMID: 32736879 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membrane-bound particles released from all living cells examined thus far. EVs can transfer information in the form of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids from donor cells to recipient cells. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding the role(s) EVs play in hematological malignancies (HM) and outline potential prognostic and diagnostic strategies using EVs. EVs have been shown to promote proliferation and angiogenesis, and alter the bone marrow microenvironment to favour the growth and survival of diverse HM. They also promote evasion of anti-cancer immune responses and increase multi-drug resistance. Using knowledge of EV biology, including HM-specific packaging of cargo, EV based diagnostics and therapeutic approaches show substantial clinical promise. However, while EVs may represent a new paradigm to solve many of the challenges in treating and/or diagnosing HM, much work is needed before they can be used clinically to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo-Anna B J Hudson
- Discipline of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada; University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole C Smith
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Paul C Moorehead
- Discipline of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Sherri L Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada.
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38
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Drees EEE, Pegtel DM. Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers in Aggressive B Cell Lymphomas. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:910-923. [PMID: 32660885 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B cell lymphomas are heterogeneous malignancies of hematological origin with vastly different biology and clinical outcomes. Histopathology of tissue biopsies and image-based assessment guide clinical decisions. Given that tissue biopsies cannot be frequently repeated and will not inform on systemic responses to the treatment, more accessible biomarkers, such as circulating miRNAs, are considered. Aberrant miRNA expression in lymphoma tissues and ongoing immune reactions may lead to miRNA alterations in circulation. miRNAs bound to extracellular vesicles (EVs) are of interest because of their role in intercellular communication and organ crosstalk. Herein, we highlight the role of miRNAs and EVs in B cell lymphomagenesis and explain how circulating miRNAs may be turned into robust liquid biopsy tests for aggressive B cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther E E Drees
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Michiel Pegtel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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39
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Lia G, Di Vito C, Cerrano M, Brunello L, Calcaterra F, Tapparo M, Giaccone L, Mavilio D, Bruno B. Extracellular Vesicles After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Emerging Role in Post-Transplant Complications. Front Immunol 2020; 11:422. [PMID: 32265915 PMCID: PMC7100658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in the cellular crosstalk by transferring bioactive molecules through biological barriers from a cell to another, thus influencing recipient cell functions and phenotype. Therefore, EVs are increasingly being explored as biomarkers of disease progression or response to therapy and as potential therapeutic agents in different contexts including in hematological malignancies. Recently, an EV role has emerged in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) as well. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation often represents the only curative option in several hematological disorders, but it is associated with potentially life-threatening complications that can have a significant impact on clinical outcomes. The most common complications have been well-established and include graft-versus-host disease and infections. Furthermore, relapse remains an important cause of treatment failure. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge, the potential applications, and clinical relevance of EVs in allo-HCT. Herein, we will mainly focus on the immune-modulating properties of EVs, in particular those derived from mesenchymal stromal cells, as potential therapeutic strategy to improve allo-HCT outcome. Moreover, we will briefly describe the main findings on EVs as biomarkers to monitor graft-versus-host disease onset and tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lia
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cerrano
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucia Brunello
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Calcaterra
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Giaccone
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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40
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Li M, Cui X, Guan H. MicroRNAs: pivotal regulators in acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:399-412. [PMID: 31932900 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are 19-22 nucleotides in length and regulate a variety of biological processes at the post-transcriptional level. MicroRNA dysregulation disrupts normal biological processes, resulting in tumorigenesis. Acute myeloid leukemia is an invasive hematological malignancy characterized by the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of immature myeloid cells. Due to the low 5-year survival rate, there is an urgent need to discover novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. In recent years, microRNAs have been shown to play important roles in hematological malignancies by acting as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. MicroRNAs have the potential to be a breakthrough in the diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. In this review, we summarize the biology of microRNAs and discuss the relationships between microRNA dysregulation and acute myeloid leukemia in the following aspects: signaling pathways, the abnormal biological behavior of acute myeloid leukemia cells, the clinical application of microRNAs and competing endogenous RNA regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Li
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Medical College of Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xianglun Cui
- Department of Inspection, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hongzai Guan
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Medical College of Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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41
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Abdulmawjood B, Roma-Rodrigues C, Fernandes AR, Baptista PV. Liquid biopsies in myeloid malignancies. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:1044-1061. [PMID: 35582281 PMCID: PMC9019201 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are the most common type of cancer affecting children and young adults, and encompass diseases, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, all of which impact blood associated tissues such as the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and blood cells. Clinical diagnostics of these malignancies relies heavily on the use of bone marrow samples, which is painful, debilitating, and not free from risks for leukemia patients. Liquid biopsies are based on minimally invasive assessment of markers in the blood (and other fluids) and have the potential to improve the efficacy of diagnostic/therapeutic strategies in leukemia patients, providing a useful tool for the real time molecular profiling of patients. The most promising noninvasive biomarkers are circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, microRNAs, and exosomes. Herein, we discuss the role of assessing these circulating biomarkers for the understanding of tumor progression and metastasis, tumor progression dynamics through treatment and for follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Abdulmawjood
- UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
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42
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Borgovan T, Crawford L, Nwizu C, Quesenberry P. Stem cells and extracellular vesicles: biological regulators of physiology and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C155-C166. [PMID: 30917031 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00017.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many different subpopulations of subcellular extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been described. EVs are released from all cell types and have been shown to regulate normal physiological homeostasis, as well as pathological states by influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, organ homing, injury and recovery, as well as disease progression. In this review, we focus on the bidirectional actions of vesicles from normal and diseased cells on normal or leukemic target cells; and on the leukemic microenvironment as a whole. EVs from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can have a healing effect, reversing the malignant phenotype in prostate and colorectal cancer, as well as mitigating radiation damage to marrow. The role of EVs in leukemia and their bimodal cross talk with the encompassing microenvironment remains to be fully characterized. This may provide insight for clinical advances via the application of EVs as potential therapy and the employment of statistical and machine learning models to capture the pleiotropic effects EVs endow to a dynamic microenvironment, possibly allowing for precise therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodor Borgovan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lorin Crawford
- School of Public Health, Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chibuikem Nwizu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Peter Quesenberry
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
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43
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Borghei YS, Hosseini M. A New Eye Dual-readout Method for MiRNA Detection based on Dissolution of Gold nanoparticles via LSPR by CdTe QDs Photoinduction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5453. [PMID: 30931995 PMCID: PMC6443804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer that affects one in eight women worldwide. Recent advances in early cancer diagnosis anticipates more efficient treatment and prolong patient survival. MicroRNAs expression profiling plays a key role in diagnosis of cancer such as BC in early stages. For the first time we describe direct injection of hot electrons from plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to adsorbed water molecules with photoinduction of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with emission wavelength at ~560 nm. As a result of hot electrons exiting from AuNPs with red color, gold cations (holes) are gradually discharged (AuNPs dissolution) leading to a colorless solution. Our group applied this phenomenon to propose a spectral method for miRNA recognition based on different responsive disaggregation and aggregation of CdTe QDs interacted with single strand DNA probes and DNA/RNA heteroduplex respectively resulting in a detection limit of 4.4 pM. This method has been applied also for the determination of miR-155 in the human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells and normal human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK 293).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman-Sadat Borghei
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Hosseini
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medicinal Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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44
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De Luca L, Laurenzana I, Trino S, Lamorte D, Caivano A, Musto P. An update on extracellular vesicles in multiple myeloma: a focus on their role in cell-to-cell cross-talk and as potential liquid biopsy biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:249-258. [PMID: 30782029 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1583103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a clonal proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells (PCs) in bone marrow (BM) and the interplay between MM PCs and the BM microenvironment, which plays a relevant role in its pathogenesis. In this important cross-talk, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are active. EVs, including small and medium/large EVs, are lipid bi-layer particles released in circulation by normal and neoplastic cells. A selected cargo of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids is loaded into EVs, and delivered locally and to distant sites, thus influencing the physiology of recipient cells. In the 'liquid biopsy' context, EVs can be isolated from human biofluids proving to be powerful markers in cancer. Areas covered: Here, we summarize the recent advances on EVs in MM field. Expert commentary: EVs from MM PCs: i) enhance malignant cell proliferation and aggressiveness through an autocrine loop; ii) are able to transfer drug resistance in sensitive-drug cells; iii) stimulate angiogenesis; iv) increase the activity of osteoclasts; v) have immunosuppressive effects. In addition, EVs from MM stromal cells also promote MM cell proliferation and drug resistance. Finally, we underline the importance of EVs as MM potential biomarkers in 'cancer liquid biopsy' and as a potential new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana De Luca
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Stefania Trino
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- b Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilic`ata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
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45
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Ehsanpour A, Saki N, Bagheri M, Maleki Behzad M, Abroun S. The Expression of Microvesicles in Leukemia: Prognostic Approaches. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:115-123. [PMID: 30825284 PMCID: PMC6397602 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) are the smallest subclass of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) spontaneously secreted by the external
budding from the cell membranes in physiologic and pathologic conditions. The MVs derived from leukemic cells (LCs) can
be detected by the expression of specific cluster of differentiation (CD) markers indicating their cellular origin while they can
transfer different agents such as microRNAs, cytokines, and chemokines. The secretion of these agents from MVs can affect
the vital processes of LCs such as cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. According to the effects of MVs
components on the vital processes of LCs, it has been postulated that a change in the expression of MVs might be involved
in the progression and prognosis of leukemia. However, further studies are needed to confirm the association between the
presence of MVs and their components with the prognosis of leukemia. It seems that the identification of the prognostic values
and the application of them for the detection of MVs in leukemia can provide new therapeutic targets for monitoring the status
of patients with leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ehsanpour
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marziye Bagheri
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masumeh Maleki Behzad
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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46
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Kunz F, Kontopoulou E, Reinhardt K, Soldierer M, Strachan S, Reinhardt D, Thakur BK. Detection of AML-specific mutations in pediatric patient plasma using extracellular vesicle-derived RNA. Ann Hematol 2019; 98:595-603. [PMID: 30673813 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite high remission rates, almost 25% of patients with AML will suffer relapse 3-5 years after diagnosis. Therefore, in addition to existing diagnostic and MRD detection tools, there is still a need for the development of novel approaches that can provide information on the state of the disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing genetic material reflecting the status of the parental cell, have gained interest in recent years as potential diagnostic biomarkers in cancer. Therefore, isolation and characterization of blood and bone marrow plasma-derived EVs from pediatric AML patients could be an additional approach in AML diagnostics and disease monitoring. In this study, we attempt to establish a plasma EV-RNA-based method to detect leukemia-specific FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations using established leukemia cell lines and primary pediatric AML plasma samples. We were successfully able to detect FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations in the EV-RNA using GeneScan-based fragment-length analysis and real-time PCR assays, respectively, in samples before therapy. This was corresponding to the gDNA mutational analysis from leukemic blasts, and supports the potential of using EV-RNA as a diagnostic biomarker in pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Kunz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Evangelia Kontopoulou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Katarina Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Maren Soldierer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Strachan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Basant Kumar Thakur
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany.
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47
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Solé C, Arnaiz E, Lawrie CH. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of B-cell Lymphoma. Biomark Insights 2018; 13:1177271918806840. [PMID: 30349178 PMCID: PMC6195009 DOI: 10.1177/1177271918806840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphomas represent a diverse group of neoplasms classified primarily by histopatholgy and are often challenging to accurately diagnose. Despite having been recognized less than 20 years ago, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as one of the most promising class of cancer molecular biomarkers and are particularly attractive as they can be readily detected in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy material and biological fluids such as blood. Many of the identified B-cell lymphoma miRNA biomarkers also play crucial regulatory roles in normal B-cell development. Below we consider the identity, function, and biomarker potential of miRNAs in B-cell lymphoma and most importantly the barriers that remain to be overcome if they are really to become part of routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Solé
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Esther Arnaiz
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Charles H Lawrie
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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48
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Cui Q, Vari F, Cristino AS, Salomon C, Rice GE, Sabdia MB, Guanzon D, Palma C, Mathew M, Talaulikar D, Jain S, Han E, Hertzberg MS, Gould C, Crooks P, Thillaiyampalam G, Keane C, Gandhi MK. Circulating cell-free miR-494 and miR-21 are disease response biomarkers associated with interim-positron emission tomography response in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34644-34657. [PMID: 30410665 PMCID: PMC6205167 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)s are dysregulated in Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), where they reflect the malignant B-cells and the immune infiltrate within the tumor microenvironment. There remains a paucity of data in DLBCL regarding cell-free (c-f) miRNA as disease response biomarkers. Immunosuppressive monocyte/macrophages, which are enriched in DLBCL, are disease response markers in DLBCL, with miRNA key regulators of their immunosuppressive function. Our aim was to determine whether plasma miRNA that reflect the activity of the malignant B-cell and/or immunosuppressive monocytes/macrophages, have value as minimally-invasive disease response biomarkers in DLBCL. Quantification of 99 DLBCL tissues, to select miRNA implicated in immunosuppressive monocytes/macrophage biology, found miR-494 differentially elevated. In a discovery cohort (22 patients), pre-therapy c-f miR-494 and miR-21 but not miR-155 were raised relative to healthy plasma. Both miR-494 and miR-21 levels 3-6 months reduced post immuno-chemotherapy. The validation cohort (56 patients) was from a prospective clinical trial. Interestingly, in sequential samples both miRNAs decreased in patients becoming Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography (PET/CT)-ve, but not in those remaining interim-PET/CT+. Patient monocytes were phenotypically and functionally immunosuppressive with ex-vivo monocyte depletion enhancing T-cell proliferation in patient but not healthy samples. Pre-therapy monocytes showed an immunosuppressive transcriptome and raised levels of miR-494. MiR-494 was present in all c-f nanoparticle fractions but was most readily detectable in unfractionated plasma. Circulating c-f miR-494 and miR-21 are disease response biomarkers with differential response stratified by interim-PET/CT in patients with DLBCL. Further studies are required to explore their manipulation as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Cui
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Frank Vari
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Carlos Salomon
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gregory E Rice
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Muhammed B Sabdia
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dominic Guanzon
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carlos Palma
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marina Mathew
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dipti Talaulikar
- Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia.,Australia National University Medical School, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Erica Han
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Clare Gould
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pauline Crooks
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Colm Keane
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maher K Gandhi
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Jabalee J, Towle R, Garnis C. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Cargo, Function, and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2018; 7:cells7080093. [PMID: 30071693 PMCID: PMC6115997 DOI: 10.3390/cells7080093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous collection of membrane-bound structures that play key roles in intercellular communication. EVs are potent regulators of tumorigenesis and function largely via the shuttling of cargo molecules (RNA, DNA, protein, etc.) among cancer cells and the cells of the tumor stroma. EV-based crosstalk can promote proliferation, shape the tumor microenvironment, enhance metastasis, and allow tumor cells to evade immune destruction. In many cases these functions have been linked to the presence of specific cargo molecules. Herein we will review various types of EV cargo molecule and their functional impacts in the context of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jabalee
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver V5Z 1L3, BC, Canada.
| | - Rebecca Towle
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver V5Z 1L3, BC, Canada.
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver V5Z 1L3, BC, Canada.
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada.
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50
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Extracellular Vesicles: A New Prospective in Crosstalk between Microenvironment and Stem Cells in Hematological Malignancies. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9863194. [PMID: 29977309 PMCID: PMC5994264 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9863194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in hematological malignancies (HMs) comprises heterogeneous populations of neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), neoplastic cells, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are all components of this microenvironment. CSCs are the HM initiators and are associated with neoplastic growth and drug resistance, while HSCs are able to reconstitute the entire hematopoietic system; finally, MSCs actively support hematopoiesis. In some HMs, CSCs and neoplastic cells compromise the normal development of HSCs and perturb BM-MSCs. In response, "reprogrammed" MSCs generate a favorable environment to support neoplastic cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important cell-to-cell communication type in physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, in HMs, EV secretion participates to unidirectional and bidirectional interactions between neoplastic cells and BM cells. The transfer of EV molecular cargo triggers different responses in target cells; in particular, malignant EVs modify the BM environment in favor of neoplastic cells at the expense of normal HSCs, by interfering with antineoplastic immunity and participating in resistance to treatment. Here, we review the role of EVs in BM cell communication in physiological conditions and in HMs, focusing on the effects of BM niche EVs on HSCs and MSCs.
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