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Agustina V, Saichua P, Laha T, Tangkawatana S, Prakobwong S, Laoprom N, Kamphasri W, Chareonchai C, Blair D, Suttiprapa S. Exploring the second intermediate hosts and morphology of human- and cat-specific Opisthorchis viverrini-like populations. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:497-506. [PMID: 38641032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Infection by the zoonotic fish-borne trematode, Opisthorchis viverrini, remains a crucial health issue in Thailand and neighboring countries. Recently, molecular analysis revealed two populations of putative O. viverrini: one found primarily in human hosts ("human-specific" population) and the other primarily in cats ("cat-specific" population). It is unclear how the infective stages (metacercariae) of these different populations circulate among definitive and reservoir hosts in nature. To gain an insight into this, mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 gene sequences of metacercariae from fish intermediate hosts were examined. None of 192 metacercariae from cyprinid fish in Lao PDR and Thailand had sequences typical of "cat-specific" O. viverrini, suggesting that cyprinid fish are not the main second intermediate hosts of this population. Interestingly, all 20 O. viverrini-like metacercariae from snakehead fish (Channa striata) shared 99.51-100% sequence identity with eggs from cats naturally infected in a previous study. Hence, we propose a modification of the known transmission dynamics of O. viverrini: consumption of metacercariae within snakehead fish provides another pathway for cats and (occasionally) humans to acquire infection. We also performed morphological comparisons of eggs, metacercariae, and adult flukes (raised in hamsters) of both Opisthorchis populations. The "cat-specific" population has eggs that are narrower and adults that are shorter and wider than in the human-specific population. The metacercaria of the "cat-specific" population is elliptical, while that of the "human-specific" population is oval, occasionally rounded. Our results confirmed that O. viverrini-like metacercariae from snakehead fish are the infective stages of the "cat-specific" fluke. This provides a new insight into the dissemination and transmission of each population in the second intermediate host. The identity of the cat-specific population is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Agustina
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Prasert Saichua
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawatana
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suksanti Prakobwong
- Department of Biology, The Parasitology, Geoinformatics, Environment and Health Science Research Group, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand
| | - Nonglak Laoprom
- Department of General Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | | | | | - David Blair
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Kafle A, Ojha SC. Advancing vaccine development against Opisthorchis viverrini: A synergistic integration of omics technologies and advanced computational tools. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1410453. [PMID: 39076588 PMCID: PMC11284087 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1410453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver fluke O. viverrini (Opisthorchis viverrini), a neglected tropical disease (NTD), endemic to the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS), mainly afflicts the northeastern region of Thailand. It is a leading cause of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in humans. Presently, the treatment modalities for opisthorchiasis incorporate the use of the antihelminthic drug praziquantel, the rapid occurrence of reinfection, and the looming threat of drug resistance highlight the urgent need for vaccine development. Recent advances in "omics" technologies have proven to be a powerful tool for such studies. Utilizing candidate proteins identified through proteomics and refined via immunoproteomics, reverse vaccinology (RV) offers promising prospects for designing vaccines targeting essential antibody responses to eliminate parasite. Machine learning-based computational tools can predict epitopes of candidate protein/antigens exhibiting high binding affinities for B cells, MHC classes I and II, indicating strong potential for triggering both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Subsequently, these vaccine designs can undergo population-specific testing and docking/dynamics studies to assess efficacy and synergistic immunogenicity. Hence, refining proteomics data through immunoinformatics and employing computational tools to generate antigen-specific targets for trials offers a targeted and efficient approach to vaccine development that applies to all domains of parasite infections. In this review, we delve into the strategic antigen selection process using omics modalities for the O. viverrini parasite and propose an innovative framework for vaccine design. We harness omics technologies to revolutionize vaccine development, promising accelerated discoveries and streamlined preclinical and clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kafle
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suvash Chandra Ojha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Saijuntha W, Sithithaworn P, Wangboon C, Andrews RH, Petney TN. Liver Flukes: Clonorchis and Opisthorchis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1454:239-284. [PMID: 39008268 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini and O. felineus are liver flukes of human and animal pathogens occurring across much of Europe and Asia. Nevertheless, they are often underestimated compared to other, better known neglected diseases in spite of the fact that many millions of people are infected and hundreds of millions are at risk. This is possibly because of the chronic nature of the infection and disease and that it takes several decades prior to a life-threatening pathology to develop. Several studies in the past decade have provided more information on the molecular biology of the liver flukes which clearly lead to better understanding of parasite biology, systematics and population genetics. Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis are characterized by a chronic infection that induces hepatobiliary inflammation, especially periductal fibrosis, which can be detected by ultrasonography. These chronic inflammations eventually lead to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a usually fatal bile duct cancer that develops in some infected individuals. In Thailand alone, opisthorchiasis-associated CCA kills up to 20,000 people every year and is therefore of substantial public health importance. Its socioeconomic impacts on impoverished families and communities are considerable. To reduce hepatobiliary morbidity and CCA, the primary intervention measures focus on control and elimination of the liver fluke. Accurate diagnosis of liver fluke infections in both human and other mammalian, snail and fish intermediate hosts is important for achieving these goals. While the short-term goal of liver fluke control can be achieved by praziquantel chemotherapy, a comprehensive health education package targeting school children is believed to be more beneficial for a long-term goal/solution. It is recommended that transdisciplinary research or multisectoral control approach including one health and/or eco health intervention strategy should be applied to combat the liver flukes and hence contribute to reduction of CCA in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Chompunoot Wangboon
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Ross H Andrews
- CASCAP, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor N Petney
- CASCAP, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Paleontology and Evolution, State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Mangano VD, Campani D, Cacciato Insilla A, Coco B, Gomez Morales MA, Brunetto M, La Rosa G, Ludovisi A, De Simone P, Bruschi F. An Unexpected Case of Opisthorchis felineus Infection Revealed during Liver Transplantation. Pathogens 2023; 12:1003. [PMID: 37623963 PMCID: PMC10459204 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A man with hepatitis B infection was admitted to Pisa University Hospital for hepatological evaluation, which revealed multiple cystic lesions and suggested a cirrhotic evolution. Treatment with Entecavir 0.5 mg/day was started, resulting in rapid viral load suppression and alanine aminotransferase normalization. After 10 years, imaging documented a single nodule of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and a robot-assisted nodule resection was performed. One year later, HCC recurrence prompted orthotopic liver transplantation, during which the patient died because of the sudden rupture of the donor's organ and rapid multiorgan deterioration before retransplantation. During post-mortem liver examination, adult worms were evidenced within large biliary ducts, suggesting infection with Opisthorchis or Clonorchis spp. flukes. Sequencing of the ITS2 locus, following PCR amplification of DNA extracted from liver tissue, revealed 100% identity with the reference sequence of O. felineus. Infection of the patient with O. felineus was confirmed by the presence of specific IgG detected by ELISA in the patient's sera. Two major alkaline phosphatase serum levels peaks observed during the first two years of antiviral therapy support the hypothesis that O. felineus infection worsened liver function. This case report highlights the importance of a very careful screening of parasitic infections in solid organ transplantation candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D Mangano
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Daniela Campani
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Unità Operativa di Anatomia Patologica 1, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cacciato Insilla
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Unità Operativa di Anatomia Patologica 1, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Coco
- Unità Operativa Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maurizia Brunetto
- Unità Operativa Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ludovisi
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo De Simone
- Unità Operativa Chirurgia Epatica e Trapianto di Fegato, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bruschi
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Programma Monitoraggio delle Parassitosi, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Avgustinovich DF, Tenditnik MV, Bondar NP, Marenina MK, Zhanaeva SY, Lvova MN, Katokhin AV, Pavlov KS, Evseenko VI, Tolstikova TG. Behavioral effects and inflammatory markers in the brain and periphery after repeated social defeat stress burdened by Opisthorchis felineus infection in mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113846. [PMID: 35594930 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The combination of 4-week repeated social defeat stress (RSDS) and Opisthorchis felineus infection was modeled in C57BL/6 mice. Various parameters were compared between three experimental groups of male mice (SS: mice subjected to RSDS, OF: mice infected with O. felineus, and OF + SS: mice subjected to both adverse factors) and behavior-tested and intact (INT) controls. The combination caused liver hypertrophy and increased the blood level of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 and proteolytic activity of cathepsin B in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, hypertrophy of the spleen and of adrenal glands was noticeable. Anxious behavior in the elevated plus-maze test was predominantly due to the infection, with synergistic effects of an interaction of the two adverse factors on multiple parameters in OF + SS mice. Depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test was caused only by RSDS and was equally pronounced in SS mice and OF + SS mice. Helminths attenuated the activities of cathepsin B in the liver and hypothalamus (which were high in SS mice) and increased cathepsin L activity in the liver. The highest blood level of corticosterone was seen in SS mice but was decreased to control levels by the trematode infection. OF mice had the lowest level of corticosterone, comparable to that in INT mice. Thus, the first data were obtained on the ability of O. felineus helminths-even at the immature stage-to modulate the effects of RSDS, thereby affecting functional connections of the host, namely "helminths → liver↔brain axis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Damira F Avgustinovich
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Group of Mechanochemistry of Organic Substances, Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Mikhail V Tenditnik
- Laboratory of Experimental Models of Neurodegenerative Processes, Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia P Bondar
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mariya K Marenina
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacological Research, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ya Zhanaeva
- Department of Psychoneuroimmunology, Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria N Lvova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey V Katokhin
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin S Pavlov
- Laboratory of Experimental Models of Neurodegenerative Processes, Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Veronica I Evseenko
- Group of Mechanochemistry of Organic Substances, Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana G Tolstikova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacological Research, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Tonsawan P, Intarak S, Sripa B, Puapairoj A, Sripa M, Sithithaworn P, Anutrakulchai S. Association between Opisthorchis viverrini Infection and Glomerular Disease in Thailand. Am J Nephrol 2022; 53:199-206. [PMID: 35168235 DOI: 10.1159/000521780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) is a major cause of infection in Southeast Asia. Previous studies in mouse models have shown that OV infection can contribute to immune-complex glomerulonephritis (GN). However, OV infection in human kidney tissue has never been demonstrated. Herein, we evaluated the association of OV infection with biopsy-proven glomerular disease. METHODS This study was performed in adult patients who underwent kidney biopsy between July 2016 and February 2017. All kidney tissue samples were processed using the standard techniques for renal pathological diagnoses and immunohistochemistry techniques to detect OV antigen. Pre-implanted donor kidney tissue samples were used as controls. The participants were also assessed for OV infection by serum OV immunoglobulin G antibody (Ab) levels and/or presence of OV eggs in stool. RESULTS Forty-three renal tissue samples from glomerular disease patients and 50 from transplant donors were included in the study. Mean age in the GN group was 41.7 ± 15.9 years, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 70.65 ± 36.61 mL/min/1.73 m2, and median proteinuria was 3.17 (1.70-4.95) g/day. Lupus nephritis (LN) was the most common diagnosis (32.6%), followed by IgA nephropathy (23.3%), IgM nephropathy (18.6%), and primary membranous nephropathy (MN; 7%). The OV antigen was observed in kidney tissue from patients with IgA nephropathy, LN, primary MN, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and IgM nephropathy. By contrast, no OV antigen was detected in tissue samples from the control group. The presence of OV antigens was observed in glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, tubular cells, and peritubular capillaries. The odds ratio of positive serum OV Ab to predict the presence of OV antigen in kidney tissues was 4.47 (p = 0.057), and there was a negative correlation between levels of serum OV Ab and eGFR (r = -0.31, p = 0.04). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of OV antigen in human kidney tissue, which indicates that OV infection may be associated with biopsy-proven glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantipa Tonsawan
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sompote Intarak
- Department of Medicine, Mahasarakham Hospital, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anucha Puapairoj
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Manop Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Anutrakulchai
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Haonon O, Liu Z, Dangtakot R, Intuyod K, Pinlaor P, Puapairoj A, Cha'on U, Sengthong C, Pongking T, Onsurathum S, Yingklang M, Phetcharaburanin J, Li JV, Pinlaor S. Opisthorchis viverrini Infection Induces Metabolic and Fecal Microbial Disturbances in Association with Liver and Kidney Pathologies in Hamsters. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3940-3951. [PMID: 34270897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) infection causes hepatobiliary diseases and is a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. While several omics approaches have been employed to understand the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis, effects of Ov infection on the host systemic metabolism and fecal microbiota have not been fully explored. Here, we used a 1H NMR spectroscopy-based metabolic phenotyping approach to investigate Ov infection-induced metabolic disturbances at both the acute (1 month postinfection, 1 mpi) and chronic (4 mpi) stages in hamsters. A total of 22, 3, and 4 metabolites were found to be significantly different in the liver, serum, and urine, respectively, between Ov+ and Ov- groups. Elevated levels of hepatic amino acids and tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle intermediates (fumarate and malate) were co-observed with liver injury in acute infection, whereas fibrosis-associated metabolites (e.g., glycine and glutamate) increased at the chronic infection stage. Lower levels of lipid signals ((CH2)n and CH2CH2CO) and higher levels of lysine and scyllo-inositol were observed in serum from Ov+ hamsters at 1 mpi compared to Ov- controls. Urinary levels of phenylacetylglycine (a host-bacterial cometabolite) and tauro-β-muricholic acid were higher in the Ov+ group, which coexisted with hepatic and mild kidney fibrosis. Furthermore, Ov+ animals showed higher relative abundances of fecal Methanobrevibacter (Archaea), Akkermansia, and Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia compared to the noninfected controls. In conclusion, along with liver and kidney pathologies, O. viverrini infection resulted in hepatic and mild renal pathologies, disturbed hepatic amino acid metabolism and the TCA cycle, and induced changes in the fecal microbial composition and urinary host-microbial cometabolism. This study provides the initial step toward an understanding of local and systemic metabolic responses of the host to O. viverrini infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornuma Haonon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Rungtiwa Dangtakot
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Nakhonratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kitti Intuyod
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Centre for Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anucha Puapairoj
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ubon Cha'on
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Sengthong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thatsanapong Pongking
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Centre for Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Onsurathum
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Manachai Yingklang
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jia V Li
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Talabnin K, Talabnin C, Khiaowichit J, Sutatum N, Asavaritikrai P, Suksaweang S, Tongtawee T, Ishihara M, Azadi P, Sripa B. High expression of tissue O-linked glycans is associated with a malignant phenotype of cholangiocarcinoma. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060520976864. [PMID: 33535865 PMCID: PMC7869157 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520976864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the expression of O-linked
glycoprotein glycans in tissue of patients with cholangiocarcinoma compared
with adjacent normal tissue. Methods Sixty patients with cholangiocarcinoma were included in the study.
Permethylated O-linked glycans from intrahepatic
cholangiocarcinoma tissue and adjacent normal tissue were analyzed using
nano-spray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Histochemistry of
peanut agglutinin lectin was used for detection and localization of
galactose (Gal) 1, N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) 1. Results O-linked glycans from patients with cholangiocarcinoma were
composed of di- to hexa-saccharides with a terminal galactose and sialic
acids (N-acetylneuraminic acid [NeuAc]). A total of eight
O-linked glycan structures were detected. Gal1GalNAc1 and
Gal2 N-acetyl-glucosamine 1 GalNAc1 expression was significantly higher in
tissue from patients with cholangiocarcinoma compared with adjacent normal
tissue, while NeuAc1Gal1GalNAc1 expression was significantly lower. High
Gal1GalNAc1 expression was significantly associated with the late stage of
cholangiocarcinoma (stages II–IV), lymphatic invasion, and vascular
invasion. Conclusion Our study shows expression of O-linked glycans in
progression of cholangiocarcinoma and highlights the association of
Gal1GalNAc1 with lymphatic and vascular invasion of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krajang Talabnin
- School of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chutima Talabnin
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Khiaowichit
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nuchanard Sutatum
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Pundit Asavaritikrai
- School of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sanong Suksaweang
- School of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Taweesak Tongtawee
- School of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Mayumi Ishihara
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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9
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Talabnin K, Talabnin C, Kumagai T, Sutatum N, Khiaowichit J, Dechsukhum C, Ishihara M, Azadi P, Sripa B. Ganglioside GM2: a potential biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520903216. [PMID: 32692591 PMCID: PMC7375732 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520903216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of glycosphingolipids in serum and tissue from patients with cholangiocarcinoma compared with healthy controls. METHODS Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MSn) was used to demonstrate the comparative structural glycomics of glycosphingolipids in serum from patients with cholangiocarcinoma (n=15), compared with healthy controls (n = 15). GM2 expression in cholangiocarcinoma tissues (n = 60) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Eleven glycosphingolipids were detected by NSI-MSn: CMH (ceramide monohexose), Lac-Cer (galactose (Gal)β1-4 glucose (Glc)β1-1'-ceramide), Gb3 (Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1'-ceramide), Gb4/Lc4 (N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)β1-3Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1'-ceramide/Galβ1-4 N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)β1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1'-ceramide), GM3 (N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc)2-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1'-ceramide), GM2 (GalNAcβ1-4[NeuAc2-3]Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1'-ceramide), GM1 (Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4[NeuAc2-3]Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1'-ceramide), hFA (hydroxylated fatty acid)-CMH, hFA-Lac-Cer, hFA-Gb3, and hFA-GM3. Lac-Cer was the most abundant structure among the lactosides and globosides (normal, 24.40% ± 0.11%; tumor, 24.61% ± 2.10%), while GM3 predominated among the gangliosides (normal, 29.14% ± 1.31%; tumor, 30.53% ± 4.04%). The two glycosphingolipids that significantly differed between healthy controls and patients with cholangiocarcinoma were Gb3 and GM2. High expression of GM2 was associated with vascular invasion in tissue from patients with cholangiocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Altered expression of glycosphingolipids in tissue and serum from patients with cholangiocarcinoma may contribute to tumor growth and progression. The ganglioside GM2, which significantly increased in the serum of patients with cholangiocarcinoma, represents a promising target as a biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krajang Talabnin
- School of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chutima Talabnin
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Tadahiro Kumagai
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nuchanard Sutatum
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Khiaowichit
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chawaboon Dechsukhum
- School of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Mayumi Ishihara
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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10
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Kokova D, Verhoeven A, Perina EA, Ivanov VV, Heijink M, Yazdanbakhsh M, Mayboroda OA. Metabolic Homeostasis in Chronic Helminth Infection Is Sustained by Organ-Specific Metabolic Rewiring. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:906-916. [PMID: 33764039 PMCID: PMC8154418 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchiasis, is a hepatobiliary disease caused by flukes of the trematode family Opisthorchiidae. A chronic form of the disease implies a prolonged coexistence of a host and the parasite. The pathological changes inflicted by the worm to the host's hepatobiliary system are well documented. Yet, the response to the infection also triggers a deep remodeling of the host systemic metabolism reaching a new homeostasis and affecting the organs beyond the worm location. Understanding the metabolic alternation in chronic opisthorchiasis, could help us to pinpoint pathways that underlie infection opening possibilities for the development of more selective treatment strategies. Here, with this report we apply an integrative, multicompartment metabolomics analysis, using multiple biofluids, stool samples and tissue extracts to describe metabolic changes in Opisthorchis felineus infected animals at the chronic stage. We show that the shift in lipid metabolism in the serum, a depletion of the amino acids pool, an alteration of the ketogenic pathways in the jejunum and a suppressed metabolic activity of the spleen are the key features of the metabolic host adaptation at the chronic stage of O. felineus infection. We describe this combination of the metabolic changes as a "metabolically mediated immunosuppressive status of organism" which develops during a chronic infection. This status in combination with other factors (e.g., parasite-derived immunomodulators) might increase risk of infection-related malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kokova
- Department
of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Clinical Metabolomics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Aswin Verhoeven
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina A. Perina
- Central
Research Laboratory Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Ivanov
- Central
Research Laboratory Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Marieke Heijink
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department
of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg A. Mayboroda
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
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11
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Suyapoh W, Tangkawattana S, Suttiprapa S, Punyapornwithaya V, Tangkawattana P, Sripa B. Synergistic effects of cagA+ Helicobacter pylori co-infected with Opisthorchis viverrini on hepatobiliary pathology in hamsters. Acta Trop 2021; 213:105740. [PMID: 33159904 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini is associated with several biliary diseases including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Recently, it was discovered that the liver fluke is a reservoir of Helicobacter pylori, particularly the cagA-positive strain (cytotoxin-associated gene A) in its gut. Given that two carcinogenic pathogens are associated with CCA development, however, the role of cagA-positive H. pylori in opisthorchiasis has not been clarified. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate histopathological changes of the biliary system in hamsters co-infected with O. viverrini and cagA-positive H. pylori or O. viverrini and cagA-negative H. pylori, with controls of O. viverrini, cagA-positive H. pylori, or cagA-negative H. pylori alone, over time. Major histopathological changes were systematically investigated. All pathological features were quantified/semi-quantified and compared among the experimental groups. The results showed that O. viverrini infection groups (O. viverrini, cagA-positive H. pylori and cagA-negative H. pylori) showed a high degree of eosinophil and mononuclear cell infiltration, lymphoid aggregation and granuloma. Specifically, O. viverrini co-infected with cagA-positive H. pylori presented significantly higher inflammatory scores than O. viverrini and O. viverrini with cagA-positive H. pylori. Proliferation and adaptive lesions such as hyperplasia, goblet cell metaplasia and dysplasia were detected only in O. viverrini infection groups. Dysplasia, the precancerous lesion of CCA, was observed in the first-order bile ducts, especially where the inflammation existed and was found earlier and more severely in O. viverrini with cagA-positive H. pylori than other groups. Similarly, the BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) proliferation index was significantly higher in O. viverrini co-infected with cagA-positive H. pylori than O. viverrini and O. viverrini with cagA-negative H. pylori groups. Periductal fibrosis was a prominent histopathologic feature in chronic infection in O. viverrini infection groups. Multiple logistic regression showed that O. viverrini co-infected with cagA-positive H. pylori and the duration of infection were the most important factors associated with periductal fibrosis (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.02-9.29, p = 0.04 and OR 3.82, 95% CI 2.61-5.97, p<0.001). This study demonstrates that the liver fluke co-infected with cagA-positive H. pylori induces severe biliary pathology that may predispose to cholangiocarcinogenesis.
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12
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Cech G, Sándor D, Molnár K, Varga Á, Caffara M, Fioravanti ML, Buchmann K, Székely C. Digenean trematodes in Hungarian freshwater aquacultures. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2020; 22:e00101. [PMID: 33364471 PMCID: PMC7750318 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2020.e00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of metacercariae of potentially zoonotic trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) in the musculature of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758) was monitored in four Hungarian aquacultures. Four geographically distinct fish farms (located in the Northwestern, Southwestern, Northeastern and Southeastern parts of Hungary) were selected for the investigation. From each farm, a total of 258 one-summer-old fingerlings were sampled and examined in the years 2016 and 2017. In addition, in 2017, we examined 60 market size specimens (30 two-summers and 30 three-summers) sampled from the most infected aquaculture in the Northeastern part of Hungary. The fish were euthanized and decapitated whereafter their musculature (fillets) was digested in a pepsin solution to isolate metacercariae from the tissue whereafter morphological and molecular analyses (PCR and sequencing of ITS region) were performed. Opisthorchiid metacercariae were not recovered but in one of the farms numerous metacercariae were detected in the musculature of carp. They were identified as cyathocotylid trematodes based on their morphological characteristics and by sequencing the ITS region. The infection levels proved to be remarkably different among the four fish farms. Carps from the Northeastern farm were infected by large numbers of cyathocotylid metacercariae, while 8 Posthodiplostomum cuticola metacercariae were detected in the Northwestern aquaculture. In the other two farms (Southwestern and Southeastern) no infection was recorded. The infected farm is located close to a protected natural wetland habitat populated by a rich fauna of aquatic birds (potential final hosts) and snails (first intermediate host) which may create a higher risk of infection in the neighbouring fish farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Cech
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Sándor
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary.,Eötvös Loránd University, Doctoral School of Biology Program of Zootaxonomy, Animal Ecology and Hydrobiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Molnár
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Varga
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monica Caffara
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Universita` di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Fioravanti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Universita` di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kurt Buchmann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Csaba Székely
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Saijuntha W, Sithithaworn P, Petney TN, Andrews RH. Foodborne zoonotic parasites of the family Opisthorchiidae. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:404-411. [PMID: 33158552 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several foodborne zoonotic trematodes of the family Opisthorchiidae have been reported to infect people, specifically two genera, Clonorchis and Opisthorchis. Three species Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis felineus and Opisthorchis viverrini are the most extensivley studied of the Opisthorchiidae. At least 680 million people worldwide are at risk of infection of these liver flukes through the consumption of raw or partially cooked freshwater cyprinid fish. An estimated 45 million people in Europe and Asia are currently infected with these liver flukes. Of these, the 35 million are infected with C. sinensis mainly in China, 10 million with O. viverrini in Southeast Asia, and 1.2 million with O. felineus in Eastern Europe and Russia. These liver flukes have been proven to be causative agents of bile duct cancer or cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). A multidisciplinary program should be implemented involving comprehensive research on molecular genetics, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, as well as educational and control programs should progressively be introduced and applied in endemic regions of O. viverrini, O. felineus and C. sinensis throughout their ranges, hence, opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis free communities can be realised globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Trevor N Petney
- Departments of Zoology and Paleontology and Evolution, State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstrasse 13, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ross H Andrews
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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14
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Arimatsu Y, Teimoori S, Surapaitoon A, Sripa B. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against highly immunogenic Opisthorchis viverrini proteins and development of coproantigen detection. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2020; 240:111323. [PMID: 32980451 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini and other foodborne trematode infections are major health concerns in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Currently, the gold-standard diagnostic method for opisthorchiasis is conventional stool examination for the presence of parasite eggs. This method lacks sensitivity and needs an experienced technician. We therefore produced monoclonal antibodies to highly immunogenic O. viverrini proteins aiming at detecting specific antigens in the feces. In this study, BALB/C mice were immunized using semi-purified somatic antigens and spleen cells were fused with a Sp2/0 myeloma cell line. Four hybridomas (1A2, 1E12, 2C7 and 8D6) were selected and cloned due to their strong reaction against O. viverrini somatic protein, resulting in three IgM clones and one IgG2 clone. Immunohistochemistry showed that 1A2, 1E12, 2C7 and 8D6 stained the parenchyma cells, gut, tegument and muscles, respectively. Western-blot analysis revealed that only antibody 1A2 could detect coproantigen (approx. 73 kDa protein) in feces of hamsters infected with O. viverrini. The 1A2 monoclonal antibody may be of value in the diagnosis of opisthorchiasis by coproantigen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Arimatsu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Salma Teimoori
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Arpa Surapaitoon
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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15
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Liver fluke granulin promotes extracellular vesicle-mediated crosstalk and cellular microenvironment conducive to cholangiocarcinoma. Neoplasia 2020; 22:203-216. [PMID: 32244128 PMCID: PMC7118280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between malignant and neighboring cells contributes to tumor growth. In East Asia, infection with the liver fluke is a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini secretes a growth factor termed liver fluke granulin, a homologue of the human progranulin, which contributes significantly to biliary tract fibrosis and morbidity. Here, extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated transfer of mRNAs from human cholangiocytes to naïve recipient cells was investigated following exposure to liver fluke granulin. To minimize the influence of endogenous progranulin, its cognate gene was inactivated using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene knock-out. Several progranulin-depleted cell lines, termed ΔhuPGRN-H69, were established. These lines exhibited >80% reductions in levels of specific transcript and progranulin, both in gene-edited cells and within EVs released by these cells. Profiles of extracellular vesicle RNAs (evRNA) from ΔhuPGRN-H69 for CCA-associated characteristics revealed a paucity of transcripts for estrogen- and Wnt-signaling pathways, peptidase inhibitors and tyrosine phosphatase related to cellular processes including oncogenic transformation. Several CCA-specific evRNAs including MAPK/AKT pathway members were induced by exposure to liver fluke granulin. By comparison, estrogen, Wnt/PI3K and TGF signaling and other CCA pathway mRNAs were upregulated in wild type H69 cells exposed to liver fluke granulin. Of these, CCA-associated evRNAs modified the CCA microenvironment in naïve cells co-cultured with EVs from ΔhuPGRN-H69 cells exposed to liver fluke granulin, and induced translation of MAPK phosphorylation related-protein in naïve recipient cells in comparison with control recipient cells. Exosome-mediated crosstalk in response to liver fluke granulin promoted a CCA-specific program through MAPK pathway which, in turn, established a CCA-conducive disposition.
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16
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Ta BTT, Nguyen DL, Jala I, Dontumprai R, Plumworasawat S, Aighewi O, Ong E, Shawley A, Potriquet J, Saichua P, van Diepen A, Sripa B, Hokke CH, Suttiprapa S. Identification, recombinant protein production, and functional analysis of a M60-like metallopeptidase, secreted by the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. Parasitol Int 2019; 75:102050. [PMID: 31901435 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) is endemic in Thailand and neighboring countries including Laos PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia. Infections with O. viverrini lead to hepatobiliary abnormalities including bile duct cancer-cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Despite decades of extensive studies, the underlying mechanisms of how this parasite survives in the bile duct and causes disease are still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to identify and characterize the most abundant protein secreted by the parasite. Proteomics and bioinformatics analysis revealed that the most abundant secretory protein is a metallopeptidase, named Ov-M60-like-1. This protein contains an N-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain and a C-terminal M60-like domain with a zinc metallopeptidase HEXXH motif. Further analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that Ov-M60-like-1 is N-glycosylated. Recombinant Ov-M60-like-1 (rOv-M60-like-1) expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) was able to digest bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM). The mucinase activity was inhibited by the ion chelating agent EDTA, confirming its metallopeptidase identity. The enzyme was active at temperatures ranging 25-37 °C in a broad pH range (pH 2-10). The identification of Ov-M60-like-1 mucinase as the major secretory protein of O. viverrini worms warrants further research into the role of this glycoprotein in the pathology induced by this carcinogenic worm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh T T Ta
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - D Linh Nguyen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Jala
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rieofarng Dontumprai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University - RAMA VI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sirikanya Plumworasawat
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Omorose Aighewi
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Emily Ong
- Occidental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Audrey Shawley
- Occidental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
| | - Jeremy Potriquet
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD 4814, Australia
| | - Prasert Saichua
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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17
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Pooled Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Tribendimidine for the Treatment of Opisthorchis viverrini Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01391-18. [PMID: 30718244 PMCID: PMC6437521 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01391-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchiasis, caused by the foodborne trematode Opisthorchis viverrini, affects more than 8 million people in Southeast Asia. In the framework of a phase 2b clinical trial conducted in Lao People’s Democratic Republic, pharmacokinetic samples were obtained from 125 adult and adolescent O. viverrini-infected patients treated with 400 mg tribendimidine following the design of a sparse sampling scheme at 20 min and 2, 7.75, 8, and 30 h after treatment using dried blood spot sampling. Opisthorchiasis, caused by the foodborne trematode Opisthorchis viverrini, affects more than 8 million people in Southeast Asia. In the framework of a phase 2b clinical trial conducted in Lao People’s Democratic Republic, pharmacokinetic samples were obtained from 125 adult and adolescent O. viverrini-infected patients treated with 400 mg tribendimidine following the design of a sparse sampling scheme at 20 min and 2, 7.75, 8, and 30 h after treatment using dried blood spot sampling. Pharmacokinetic data for the metabolites deacetylated amidantel (dADT) and acetylated dADT (adADT) were pooled with data from two previous ascending-dose trials and evaluated using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. The observed pharmacokinetic data were described using a flexible transit absorption model for the active metabolite dADT, followed by one-compartment disposition models for both metabolites. Significant covariates were age, body weight, formulation, and breaking of the enteric coating on the tablets. There were significant associations between O. viverrini cure and both the dADT maximum concentration and the area under the concentration-time curve (P < 0.001), with younger age being associated with a higher probability of cure. Modeling and simulation of exposures in patients with different weight and age combinations showed that an oral single dose of 400 mg tribendimidine attained therapeutic success in over 90% of adult patients. Our data confirmed that tribendimidine could be a valuable novel alternative to the standard treatment, praziquantel, for the treatment of O. viverrini infections.
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18
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Suwannahitatorn P, Webster J, Riley S, Mungthin M, Donnelly CA. Uncooked fish consumption among those at risk of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in central Thailand. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211540. [PMID: 30703149 PMCID: PMC6355008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to northern and northeastern Thailand, central Thailand was believed not to be endemic for Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). Fieldwork conducted in a rural area of central Thailand revealed that the prevalence and incidence were relatively high compared with regional average data. We hypothesized that the behavioural-psycho-social background of the study population might play an important role in the high burden of the infection. As a result, a qualitative study was conducted to highlight potential social determinants of the infection dynamics to gain greater understanding of the risk behaviours and their contexts. A qualitative study using focus group discussion and in-depth interviews was conducted in Na-ngam Village, Chachoengsao Province from 2012-14. Framework analysis was used to explore associations between infection and thematic content. Social influence showed a strong impact on infection dynamics of OV infection. Our results revealed that Koi pla (chopped raw fish salad) remains a popular dish in the community, as the dish itself represents northeastern culture. The cultural norm had been transferred from ancestors to their descendants. Some elders complained that discontinuing the consumption of Koi pla went against old traditions with respect to cultural norms and socialization. In contrast, modern education teaches about hygiene including OV infection risks, and accordingly teenagers and young adults were reported to modify their lifestyles including their eating habits. Children are a potential key to pass knowledge to their parents and school-based education programs can serve as a practical hub for knowledge dissemination. However, health education alone might not lead to behavioural change in other age groups. Therefore, more efforts are needed to support the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Webster
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases (CEEED), Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Riley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Christl A. Donnelly
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Saijuntha W, Sithithaworn P, Kiatsopit N, Andrews RH, Petney TN. Liver Flukes: Clonorchis and Opisthorchis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1154:139-180. [PMID: 31297762 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and O. felineus are liver flukes of human and animal pathogens occurring across much of Europe and Asia. Nevertheless, they are often underestimated compared to other, better known neglected diseases in spite of the fact that many millions of people are infected and hundreds of millions are at risk. This is possibly because of the chronic nature of the infection and disease and that it takes several decades prior to a life-threatening pathology to develop. Several studies in the past decade have provided more information on the molecular biology of the liver flukes which clearly lead to better understanding of parasite biology, systematics, and population genetics. Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis are characterized by a chronic infection that induces hepatobiliary inflammation, especially periductal fibrosis, which can be detected by ultrasonography. These chronic inflammations eventually lead to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a usually fatal bile duct cancer that develops in some infected individuals. In Thailand alone, opisthorchiasis-associated CCA kills up to 20,000 people every year and is therefore of substantial public health importance. Its socioeconomic impacts on impoverished families and communities are considerable. To reduce hepatobiliary morbidity and CCA, the primary intervention measures focus on control and elimination of the liver fluke. Accurate diagnosis of liver fluke infections in both human and other mammalian, snail and fish intermediate hosts, are important for achieving these goals. While the short-term goal of liver fluke control can be achieved by praziquantel chemotherapy, a comprehensive health education package targeting school children is believed to be more beneficial for a long-term goal/solution. It is recommended that a transdisciplinary research or multisectoral control approach including one health and/or eco health intervention strategy should be applied to combat the liver flukes, and hence contribute to reduction of cholangiocarcinoma in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Nadda Kiatsopit
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ross H Andrews
- CASCAP, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor N Petney
- CASCAP, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Paleontology and Evolution, State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe, Germany
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20
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Odds, challenges and new approaches in the control of helminthiasis, an Asian study. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2018; 4:e00083. [PMID: 30662968 PMCID: PMC6324018 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2018.e00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The time is passing, and the worms are still a major struggle for local people in Asian countries, especially the less empowered and in a situation of social vulnerability. We are working in the field in Laos, Thailand, and the Philippines where the usual control programs based only on human treatment are partially effective. Areas with mass drug administration could diminish, but not eliminate STHs of endemic areas. The persistence of helminthic NTDs in the environment and animal hosts makes the eradication a very difficult task. Great changes in the landscapes of endemic areas, such as construction of dams, can change the fauna and the lifestyle of local people. Those changes can improve infrastructure, but it can also lead to social vulnerability. The challenge, then, is to conceive new and directed control programs for helminthiasis based on multi- and transdisciplinary approaches diminishing the health gap in a globalized world. In this short review, we summarize the actual scenario concerning the main helminths in Southeast Asia and how an environmental DNA approach and the use of GIS could contribute to surveillance and control programs.
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21
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Tsyganov MA, Vishnevetskaya GB, Kukina TP, Sorokina IV, Lvova MN, Protsenko MA, Kostina NE, Avgustinovich DF. Studyng the effects of Cantharellus cibarius fungi on Opisthorchis felineus trematode and on parasite host - C57BL/6 inbred mice. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2018. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchiasis is a dangerous parasitic disease caused by trematodes in the family Opisthorchiidae. One of the causes of this infection is the species Opisthorchis felineus, which is common in the Russian Federation and Western Europe. The disease has a large number of complications and relatively few effective treatments, so nowadays it is relevant to look for new drugs for the treatment of opisthorchiasis, with the maximum antiparasitic and minimal side effect. In this work, a potentially anthelmintic effect of the methanol extract of the golden chanterelle mushroom (Cantharellus cibarius) was investigated. In in vitro experiments, the significantly reduced mobility and survival rates of juvenile O. felineus specimens with increasing concentrations (10-1000 pg/ml) of the C. cibarius extract were shown. In in vivo studies, administration of the C. cibarius extract on the first day after parasitic infection of inbred C57BL/6 mice resulted in a decrease of the number of helminths in the bile ducts of the liver, evaluated 6 weeks after infection. In another series of experiments, administration of the C. cibarius extract for 7 days to mice infected with O. felineus for five weeks had no anthelmintic effect. In both cases, the state of the infected hosts, evaluated by a number of physiological and biochemical parameters (relative weight of organs, blood indices), did not deteriorate, indicating that there was no adverse effect of the C. cibarius extract. The results obtained suggest that the C. cibarius extract might have anthelmintic properties if applied as parasite larvae excyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Tsyganov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University
| | | | - T. P. Kukina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of organic Chemistry, SB RAS
| | - I. V. Sorokina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of organic Chemistry, SB RAS
| | - M. N. Lvova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State Medical University
| | - M. A. Protsenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector" Koltsovo
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Prueksapanich P, Piyachaturawat P, Aumpansub P, Ridtitid W, Chaiteerakij R, Rerknimitr R. Liver Fluke-Associated Biliary Tract Cancer. Gut Liver 2018; 12:236-245. [PMID: 28783896 PMCID: PMC5945254 DOI: 10.5009/gnl17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive cancer arising from epithelial cells of the bile duct. Most patients with CCA have an unresectable tumor at the time of diagnosis. In Western countries, the risk of CCA increases in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, whereas liver fluke infection appears to be the major risk factor for CCA in Asian countries. A diagnosis of liver fluke infection often relies on stool samples, including microscopic examination, polymerase chain reaction-based assays, and fluke antigen detection. Tests of serum, saliva and urine samples are also potentially diagnostic. The presence of liver fluke along with exogenous carcinogens magnifies the risk of CCA in people living in endemic areas. The “liver fluke-cholangiocarcinoma” carcinogenesis pathways consist of mechanical damage to the bile duct epithelium, immunopathologic and cellular reactions to the liver fluke’s antigens and excretory/secretory products, liver fluke-induced changes in the biliary tract microbiome and the effects of repeated treatment for liver fluke. A vaccine and novel biomarkers are needed for the primary and secondary prevention of CCA in endemic areas. Importantly, climate change exerts an effect on vector-borne parasitic diseases, and awareness of liver fluke should be enhanced in potentially migrated habitat areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapan Prueksapanich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panida Piyachaturawat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapimphan Aumpansub
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiriyaporn Ridtitid
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Roongruedee Chaiteerakij
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
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23
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Social defeat stress exacerbates the blood abnormalities in Opisthorchis felineus-infected mice. Exp Parasitol 2018; 193:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Upontain S, Sereerak P, Laha T, Sripa B, Tangkawatana P, Brindley PJ, Tangkawatana S. Granulin Expression in Hamsters during Opisthorchis viverrini Infection-Induced Cholangiocarcinogenesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2437-2445. [PMID: 30255697 PMCID: PMC6249462 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.9.2437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted growth factor granulin (GRN) is upregulated during diverse epithelial cancers. GRN stimulates cell growth and development while inhibiting apoptosis. Orthologues of vertebrate granulins evolved in other animals including the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. Curiously, liver fluke granulin, termed Ov-GRN-1 promotes cholangiocarcinogenesis during chronic opisthorchiasis but, by contrast, limited information is available concerning mammalian GRN during liver fluke infection-induced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Here we investigated the expression of mammalian granulin in the O. viverrini-associated a hamster model of opisthorchiasis and liver fluke infection-induced CCA. Male Syrian golden hamsters were assigned to one of four treatment groups, each group included 30 hamsters: 1) normal (control), 2) infected with O. viverrini (OV); 3) exposed to N-dimethylnitrosamine in drinking water (DMN); and 4) infected with O. viverrini and exposed to DMN (OVDMN). Immunohistochemistry using an anti-granulin specific probe for mammalian granulin was undertaken to monitor expression and location in hepatobiliary tissues of the hamsters. In parallel, cognate studies of transcription of mRNA and protein. Histopathological examination revealed development of proliferative lesions from the onset and eruption of CCA onwards, an outcome that was most prominent in the OVDMN hamsters. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index rose continuously from initiation of infection and increased with lesion progression in OV, DMN and markedly in OVDMN hamsters. Expression of GRN in biliary was elevated in biliary epithelial cells in CCA lesions in hamsters in the DMN and OVDMN groups. Expression of GRN as assayed by western blot and RT-PCR reflected the same trend as seen with PCNA. Together the histopathogical and molecular assay based findings revealed marked expression of granulin during cholangiocarcinoma in these hamsters, and highlighted the prospect that granulin represents a potential prognostic marker for cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songkiad Upontain
- Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease)/Tropical Disease Research Center (TDRC), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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25
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Saltykova IV, Petrov VA, Brindley PJ. Opisthorchiasis and the Microbiome. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 102:1-23. [PMID: 30442306 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver flukes Opisthorchis viverrini, O. felineus, and Clonorchis sinensis are closely related fish-borne trematodes endemic in East Asia, Eurasia, and Siberia. Following ingestion, the parasites locate to the biliary tree, where chronic infection frequently leads to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Infection with C. sinensis or O. viverrini is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Infection with O. felineus may also be carcinogenic. The mechanism(s) by which infection with these liver flukes culminates in CCA remain elusive, although they are likely to be multi-factorial. Not yet well studied is the influence of opisthorchiasis on the microbiome of the host despite reports that helminth parasites are capable of affecting the microbiome, potentially modulating gastrointestinal inflammation in response to the appearance of pathogenic strains of bacteria. Here, we review recent findings related to opisthorchiasis and the microbiome and related issues. In the hamster, a tractable model of infection with liver fluke and of infection-induced biliary morbidity and CCA, infection with O. viverrini perturbs the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract, including increasing numbers of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and others, while decreasing Porphyromonadaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Eubacteriaceae. In addition, a complex microbial community associates with the parasites within the biliary tree, including Helicobacter pylori and related bacteria. Moreover, higher rates of infection with Helicobacter occur in Thailand in persons with opisthorchiasis in a liver fluke infection intensity-dependent manner. Experimental infection of hamsters with Opisthorchis felineus results in increased alpha diversity of the microbiota diversity in the biliary tract. In humans, infection with O. felineus modifies the composition of the biliary microbiome, with increasing numbers of species of Klebsiella, Aggregatibacter, Lactobacillus, Treponema, and others. Several phylotypes of Archaea occurred solely in bile from persons infected with O. felineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Saltykova
- Siberian State Medical University, Central Research Laboratory, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav A Petrov
- Siberian State Medical University, Central Research Laboratory, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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26
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Suttiprapa S, Sotillo J, Smout M, Suyapoh W, Chaiyadet S, Tripathi T, Laha T, Loukas A. Opisthorchis viverrini Proteome and Host-Parasite Interactions. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 102:45-72. [PMID: 30442310 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The omics technologies have improved our understanding of the molecular events that underpin host-parasite interactions and the pathogenesis of parasitic diseases. In the last decade, proteomics and genomics in particular have been used to characterize the surface and secreted products of the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini and revealed important roles for proteins at the host-parasite interface to ensure that the flukes can migrate, feed and reproduce in a hostile environment. This review summarizes the advances made in this area, primarily focusing on discoveries enabled by the publication of the fluke secreted proteomes over the last decade. Protein families that will be covered include proteases, antioxidants, oncogenic proteins and the secretion of exosome-like extracellular vesicles. Roles of these proteins in host-parasite interactions and pathogenesis of fluke-induced hepatobiliary diseases, including cholangiocarcinogenesis, are discussed. Future directions for the application of this knowledge to control infection and disease will also be discussed.
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Sripa B, Tangkawattana S, Brindley PJ. Update on Pathogenesis of Opisthorchiasis and Cholangiocarcinoma. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 102:97-113. [PMID: 30442312 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the food-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini causes cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Whereas the cause of CCA in the West remains obscure, the principal risk factor in Thailand is opisthorchiasis. Here, we review recent findings on the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis and CCA focusing on helminth molecules/toxic metabolites, host-parasite interaction, endocytosis, immunopathology/inflammatory responses, free radical production, molecular genetic alterations, and multifactorial including coinfections driving to CCA development.
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28
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Talabnin K, Talabnin C, Ishihara M, Azadi P. Increased expression of the high-mannose M6N2 and NeuAc3H3N3M3N2F tri-antennary N-glycans in cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1030-1036. [PMID: 29399163 PMCID: PMC5772869 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in protein glycosylation have been reported in various types of cancer, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MSn) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. A total of 5 high-mannose and 4 complex N-linked glycans were detected. Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 was the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types (control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66%), whereas NeuAc2H2N2M3N2 predominated the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%). The expression of 3 different N-glycans differed significantly between the CCA cases and controls. These included mannose6-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 (P=0.044), mannose9-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 (Ρ=0.030) and NeuAc3H3N3M3N2F (Ρ=0.002). These three glycan structures may therefore be associated with tumor progression in CCA and may be useful for its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krajang Talabnin
- School of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chutima Talabnin
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Mayumi Ishihara
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Vonghachack Y, Odermatt P, Taisayyavong K, Phounsavath S, Akkhavong K, Sayasone S. Transmission of Opisthorchis viverrini, Schistosoma mekongi and soil-transmitted helminthes on the Mekong Islands, Southern Lao PDR. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:131. [PMID: 28866984 PMCID: PMC5582398 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini, Schistosoma mekongi and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) remains high in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), despite control efforts including mass-drug administration, education and communication campaigns. New approaches are required to advance helminth control. METHODS An ecohealth study was conducted on two Mekong islands in Southern Laos. Demographic and behavioural data were collected by questionnaire. Human and animal reservoir stools were examined. Bithynia spp. and Neotricula aperta snails were examined using shedding. Fresh water fish were examined using digestion technique. Multivariate random-effects analysis was used to find risk factors associated with helminth infections. RESULTS Human infection rates with O. viverrini, hookworm, S. mekongi, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia spp. were 60.7%, 44.1%, 22.2%, 4.1%, 0.6% and 0.1%, respectively. Heavy intensity infections were 4.2%, 3.6% and 1.8% for O. viverrini, S. mekongi and hookworm, respectively. O. viverrini and S. mekongi infection rates among dogs and cats were 25.0% and 14.7%, respectively. Of the cats tested, 53.1% were infected with O. viverrini. Prevalence of O. viverrini and S. mekongi in snails was 0.3% and 0.01%, respectively. Overall prevalence of O. viverrini infection in fresh water fish was 26.9%, with the highest infection rates occurring in Hampala dispa (87.1%), Cyclocheilichthys apogon (85.7%) and Puntius brevis (40.0%). Illiteracy and lower socioeconomic status increased the risk of O. viverrini infection, while those aged 10-16 years and possessing latrines at home were less likely to be infected. Household dogs and cats that consumed raw fish were significantly and positively associated with O. viverrini infection of the household members. For S. mekongi, children under 9 years old were exposed significantly to this infection, compared to older age groups. CONCLUSIONS There is a pressing need to design and implement an integrated helminth control intervention on the Mekong Islands in southern Lao PDR. Given the highly dynamic transmission of O. viverrini, S. mekongi, STH and extended multiparasitism, annual mass-drug administration is warranted along with environmental modifications, health education and improved access to clean water and adequate sanitation to consolidate morbidity control and move towards elimination. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER Our findings presented here are from a cross-sectional study, therefore, it has not been registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youthanavanh Vonghachack
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
| | - Peter Odermatt
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Keoka Taisayyavong
- Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology Station, Champasack province, Lao PDR
| | | | - Kongsap Akkhavong
- National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
| | - Somphou Sayasone
- National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR.
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30
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Samiphak S, Syme SL. The Battle of Worldviews: A Case Study of Liver Fluke Infection in Khon Kaen, Thailand. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:902-908. [PMID: 28795594 PMCID: PMC5871305 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217723497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Control efforts to reduce infection from the parasitic flatworm Opisthorchis viverrini have progressed through understanding the epidemiology of Opisthorchis viverrini, antiparasitic drug developments, technological innovations, health education promoting cooking of fish, and improved hygienic defecation. Yet the problem persists. The case study method was used to examine the fundamental cause of the liver fluke infection problem. Evidence shows that the liver fluke–infected population does not care about living a long life. For them, suffering and death are simply a part of life, and expected. Thus, the cause(s) leading to death is not important. They believe morally bad actions, and predetermined fate associated with kamma in Buddhism, play a big role whether or not one is infected with the liver fluke. Health interventions may be made more effective if they take into account the liver fluke–infected population’s worldviews about ethics, morality, life, and death. We researchers should not feel concerned only about medically determined causes of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Samiphak
- 1 Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,2 University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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31
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Otake Sato M, Sato M, Yoonuan T, Pongvongsa T, Sanguankiat S, Kounnavong S, Maipanich W, Chigusa Y, Moji K, Waikagul J. The role of domestic dogs in the transmission of zoonotic helminthes in a rural area of Mekong river basin. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:393-400. [PMID: 28426425 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dogs have been bred since ancient times for companionship, hunting, protection, shepherding and other human activities. Some canine helminth parasites can cause significant clinical diseases in humans as Opisthorchis viverrini causing cholangiocarcinoma in Southeast Asian Countries. In this study, socio-cultural questionnaire, canine parasitological analysis, necropsy, parasite molecular confirmation and dog roaming data were evaluated in Savannakhet, Lao-PDR, a typical Mekong Basin area. Dog owners comprised 48.8% of the studied population, with 61.2% owning one dog, 25.1% 2 dogs, 8.5% 3 dogs and 1.8% owning more than 4 dogs. Data from GPS logger attached to dogs showed they walked from 1.4 to 13.3 km per day, covering an area of 3356.38m2 average, with a routine of accessing water sources. Thirteen zoonotic helminth species were observed. Causative agents of visceral and cutaneous larva migrans occurred in 44.1% and 70% of the samples respectively. Spirometra erinaceieuropaei was detected in 44.1% of samples. Importantly, O. viverrini was found in 8.8% of samples. Besides the known importance of dogs in the transmission of Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara spp. and S. erinaceieuropaei, the observed roaming pattern of dogs confirmed it as an important host perpetuating O. viverrini in endemic areas; their routine access to waterbodies may spread O. viverrini eggs in a favorable environment for the fluke development, facilitating the infection of fishes, and consequently infecting humans living in the same ecosystem. Therefore, parasitic NTDs control programs in humans should be done in parallel with parasite control in animals, especially dogs, in the Mekong River basin area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Otake Sato
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293
| | - Megumi Sato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8518
| | - Tippayarat Yoonuan
- Department of Helminthology Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400
| | | | - Surapol Sanguankiat
- Department of Helminthology Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400
| | | | - Wanna Maipanich
- Department of Helminthology Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400
| | - Yuichi Chigusa
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293
| | - Kazuhiko Moji
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523
| | - Jitra Waikagul
- Department of Helminthology Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400
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Opisthorchis viverrini infection in the snail and fish intermediate hosts in Central Vietnam. Acta Trop 2017; 170:120-125. [PMID: 28242064 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini, a carcinogenic fish borne fluke, requires freshwater snails and fish as intermediate hosts. Opisthorchiasis is endemic in parts of Southeast Asia, including Central and South Vietnam. In this region the transmission by intermediate hosts has received little attention. Therefore, freshwater snails and wild fish from Bau My Tho, an opisthorchiasis endemic area in Binh Dinh Province were collected for examination of O. viverrini cercariae and metacercariae, respectively. A total of 12,000 snails belonging to six families, of which 1616 Bithynia snails representing Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos and Bithynia funiculata; as well as 754 fish representing 12 species were examined. Shedding of O. viverrini cercariae was observed only in B. s. goniomphalos and B. funiculata, at infection rates of 0.86% and 0.14%, respectively. O. viverrini infection in Bithynia spp. was significantly associated with the habitat but not with the species and the shell size of Bithynia spp. O. viverrini metacercariae were found in 10 fish species representing both Cyprinidae and non-Cyprinidae families. The prevalence of O. viverrini infection in fish was significantly associated with species. Carassius auratus, a fish species commonly eaten raw, Rasbora aurotaenia and Puntius brevis had the highest prevalence of 74.0%, 55.8% and 31.6%, respectively. Sharing of the same snail and fish intermediate host species was found for O. viverrini and a O. viverrini duck-genotype that are sympatric in the study region. This study is the first to report on the intermediate host species of O. viverrini in Central Vietnam and indicates a high risk of acquiring opistorchiasis when eating raw fish dishes.
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Deenonpoe R, Mairiang E, Mairiang P, Pairojkul C, Chamgramol Y, Rinaldi G, Loukas A, Brindley PJ, Sripa B. Elevated prevalence of Helicobacter species and virulence factors in opisthorchiasis and associated hepatobiliary disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42744. [PMID: 28198451 PMCID: PMC5309894 DOI: 10.1038/srep42744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that Opisthorchis viverrini serves as a reservoir of Helicobacter and implicate Helicobacter in pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Here, 553 age-sex matched cases and controls, 293 and 260 positive and negative for liver fluke O. viverrini eggs, of residents in Northeastern Thailand were investigated for associations among infection with liver fluke, Helicobacter and hepatobiliary fibrosis. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in O. viverrini-infected than uninfected participants. H. pylori bacterial load correlated positively with intensity of O. viverrini infection, and participants with opisthorchiasis exhibited higher frequency of virulent cagA-positive H. pylori than those free of fluke infection. Genotyping of cagA from feces of both infected and uninfected participants revealed that the AB genotype accounted for 78% and Western type 22%. Participants infected with O. viverrini exhibited higher prevalence of typical Western type (EPIYA ABC) and variant AB'C type (EPIYT B) CagA. Multivariate analyses among H. pylori virulence genes and severity of hepatobiliary disease revealed positive correlations between biliary periductal fibrosis during opisthorchiasis and CagA and CagA with CagA multimerization (CM) sequence-positive H. pylori. These findings support the hypothesis that H. pylori contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic opisthorchiasis and specifically to opisthorchiasis-associated CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksawan Deenonpoe
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Departments of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Pisaln Mairiang
- Departments of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Yaovalux Chamgramol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine &Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health &Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine &Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Sripa B, Deenonpoe R, Brindley PJ. Co-infections with liver fluke and Helicobacter species: A paradigm change in pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma? Parasitol Int 2016; 66:383-389. [PMID: 27919744 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the fish-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Group 1 carcinogen: definitely carcinogenic in humans. Cofactors likely contribute to bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) caused by this infection. Here we review recent findings that address the role of liver fluke associated H. pylori in hepatobiliary disease and malignancy. We hypothesize that co-infection by O. viverrini and the bacillus Helicobacter pylori is central of liver fluke infection associated cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Raksawan Deenonpoe
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Kafle A, Puchadapirom P, Plumworasawat S, Dontumprai R, Chan-On W, Buates S, Laha T, Sripa B, Suttiprapa S. Identification and characterization of protein 14-3-3 in carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. Parasitol Int 2016; 66:426-431. [PMID: 27989833 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein 14-3-3s are abundant phospho-serine/threonine binding proteins, which are highly conserved among eukaryotes. Members of this protein family mediate metabolism and signal transduction networks through binding to hundreds of other protein partners. Protein 14-3-3s have been studied in other species of parasitic helminthes, but little is known about this protein in the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. In this study, we identified and characterized protein 14-3-3s of O. viverrini. Seven protein 14-3-3 encoded sequences were retrieved from the O. viverrini genome database. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Two isoforms (protein 14-3-3 zeta and protein 14-3-3 epsilon) that have been previously found in the excretory-secretory (ES) products of O. viverrini were produced as recombinant protein in E. coli and the proteins were then used to immunize mice to obtain specific antibodies. Western blot analysis showed that both proteins were detected in all obtainable developmental stages of O. viverrini and the ES products. Immunolocalization revealed that both isoforms were expressed throughout tissues and organs except the gut epithelium. The highest expression was observed in testes especially in developing spermatocytes, suggesting their role in spermatogenesis. Prominent expression was also detected on tegumental surface of the parasite and on epical surface of bile duct epithelium indicates their additional role in host-parasite interaction. These findings indicate that protein 14-3-3s play important role in the life cycle of the parasite and might be involved in the pathogenesis of O. viverrini infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kafle
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pranom Puchadapirom
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sirikanya Plumworasawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rieofarng Dontumprai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Chan-On
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sureemas Buates
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Liver fluke infection and cholangiocarcinoma: a review. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:11-19. [PMID: 27718017 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parasites are significant groups for carcinogenesis among which liver flukes, including Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis, are typical representatives causing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the second most common primary hepatic malignancy with dismal prognosis. O. viverrini is prevalent in Southeast Asia, infecting 10 million people while C. sinensis has a wider distribution in East Asia and several Southeast Asian countries, affecting more than 35 million people's health. These two worms have some common characteristics and/or discrepancies in life cycle, genome, and transcriptome. As hot spots in recent years, genome and transcriptome research has extracted numerous novel fluke worm-derived proteins, which are excellent for carcinogenic exploration. However, just a handful of these studies have focused on the metabolic pathway. In this study, the main mechanisms of carcinogenesis of both worms, in terms of mechanical damage, metabolic products and immunopathology, and other possible pathways, will be discussed in detail. This review retrospectively describes the main traits of C. sinensis and O. viverrini, their molecular biology and core carcinogenic mechanisms in a contrast pattern.
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Braga R, Teixeira A, Oliveira J, Cavalcanti L. Prevalence of Platynosomum fastosum infection in free roaming cats in northeastern Brazil: Fluke burden and grading of lesions. Vet Parasitol 2016; 227:20-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sayasone S, Odermatt P, Vonghachack Y, Xayavong S, Senggnam K, Duthaler U, Akkhavong K, Hattendorf J, Keiser J. Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine against Opisthorchis viverrini: two randomised, parallel-group, single-blind, dose-ranging, phase 2 trials. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:1145-1153. [PMID: 27472949 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of the liver fluke infection Opisthorchis viverrini relies exclusively on praziquantel. Tribendimidine could be an alternative treatment option. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ascending single, oral doses of tribendimidine in patients with O viverrini infection. METHODS We did two randomised, parallel-group, single-blind, dose-ranging, phase 2 trials in children (aged 8-14 years) and adults and adolescents (≥15 years) in three O viverrini endemic villages in Champasack province, southern Laos. Patients with O viverrini infection were randomly assigned, via a computer-generated central block-randomisation procedure, with block sizes of three (study 1) and four, eight, and 12 (study 2), to receive oral tribendimidine at doses of 200 mg, 400 mg, or 600 mg in a 1:1:1 ratio (adults and adolescents in study 1); 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg (four 50 mg tablets) in a 1:1:1:1 ratio (adults and adolescents in study 2); or 100 mg, 200 mg, or 400 mg in a 1:1:1 ratio (children in study 1). One non-randomised group of children received tribendimidine 50 mg (study 2). Participants, investigators, and laboratory technicians doing the diagnostic assessments were masked to group assignment, but the investigator administering treatment could have recognised the treatment group based on the number of tablets. The primary objective was to estimate the dose-response relation in terms of cure rate and egg reduction rate. We did available-case analysis of all patients with primary endpoint data. We predicted dose-response associations with Emax models. This trial is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN96948551. FINDINGS Between Oct 25, 2012, and Nov 5, 2013, 318 adolescents and adults were randomly assigned to seven tribendimidine dose groups: 200 mg (n=51), 400 mg (n=49), or 600 mg (n=47) in study 1, and 25 mg (n=39), 50 mg (n=47), 100 mg (n=44), or 200 mg (four 50 mg tablets; n=41) in study 2. 128 children were randomly assigned to receive tribendimidine 100 mg (n=44), 200 mg (n=40), or 400 mg (n=44) in study 1; 39 children were enrolled and received tribendimidine 50 mg in study 2. In adolescents and adults, the number of patients cured increased with increasing tribendimidine doses up to 100 mg: ten of 39 patients (25·6%, 95% CI 13·0-42·1) were cured in the 25 mg group, 20 of 47 patients (42·6%, 28·3-57·8) were cured in the 50 mg group, and 34 of 44 patients (77·3%, 62·2-88·5) were cured in the 100 mg group; geometric mean egg reduction rates were 86·9% (95% CI 74·8-93·4), 95·9% (92·7-97·7), and 99·1% (98·2-99·7), respectively. The 200 mg dose resulted in cure in 40 of 47 (83·0%, 69·2-92·5) adolescents and adults given the 200 mg tablet and 25 of 41 (61·0%, 95% CI 44·5-75·8) of those given four 50 mg tablets; the 400 mg dose resulted in cure in 43 of 47 patients (91·5%, 79·6-97·6) and the 600 mg dose resulted in cure in 36 of 45 patients (80·0%, 65·4-90·4). Corresponding egg reduction rates were 99·8% (95% CI 99·7-100·0) with one 200 mg tablet, 97·9% (95·9-99·2) with four 50 mg tablets, 99·9% (99·8-100·0) with 400 mg, and 99·8% (99·6-99·9) with 600 mg. The Emax model predicted an egg reduction rate of 99·0% (95% CI 95·7-99·8) at 111 mg in adolescents and adults. 50 mg tribendimidine had moderate efficacy in children, with cure recorded in 16 of 39 patients (41·0%, 95% CI 25·6-57·9). The 100 mg dose resulted in cure in 40 of 44 children (98·9%, 95% CI 78·3-97·5) and an egg reduction rate of 99·7% (95% CI 99·0-100·0), with no increased efficacy at higher doses. The Emax model predicted an egg reduction rate of 99·0% (95% CI 92·2-99·9) at 215 mg. Few adverse events were reported and were mostly mild, with few moderate and no serious events. The most common adverse events 3 h after treatment in adolescents and adults were vertigo (n=35 [11%]), headache (n=9 [3%]), nausea (n=6 [2%]), and fatigue (n=4 [1%]), and in children were headache (n=3 [2%]), vertigo (n=2 [1%]), and fatigue (n=2 [1%]). INTERPRETATION Tribendimidine has excellent efficacy and tolerability at doses of 100 mg and above. Our study included mainly adults and children with low-intensity O viverrini infection; future studies should assess the efficacy of tribendimidine in patients with infections of moderate and high intensity. FUNDING Department for International Development, Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust Joint Global Health Trials Scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somphou Sayasone
- National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Peter Odermatt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Syda Xayavong
- National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos
| | | | - Urs Duthaler
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kongsap Akkhavong
- National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Yan C, Shen LP, Ma R, Li B, Li XY, Hua H, Zhang B, Yu Q, Wang YG, Tang RX, Zheng KY. Characterization and identification of differentially expressed microRNAs during the process of the peribiliary fibrosis induced by Clonorchis sinensis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:321-8. [PMID: 27267304 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infection can lead to biliary fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulation of genes expression in the liver diseases. However, the differential expression of miRNAs that probably regulates the portal fibrogenesis caused by C. sinensis has not yet been investigated. Hepatic miRNAs expression profiles from C. sinensis-infected mice at different time-points were analyzed by miRNA microarray and validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). 349 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the liver of the C. sinensis-infected mice at 2, 8 or 16weeks post infection (p.i.), compared with those at 0week p.i., and there were 143 down-regulated and 206 up-regulated miRNAs among them. These all dysregulated miRNAs were potentially involved in the pathological processes of clonorchiasis by regulation of cancer-related signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, PI3K /AKT signaling pathway, etc. 169 of these dysregulated miRNAs were predicted to be involved in the TGF/Smads signaling pathway which plays an important role in the biliary fibrosis caused by C. sinensis. Additionally, miRNA-32, miRNA-34a, miRNA-125b and miRNA-497 were negatively correlated with Smad7 expression, indicating these miRNAs may specifically down-regulate Smad7 expression and participate in regulation of biliary fibrosis caused by C. sinensis. The results of the present study for the first time demonstrated that miRNAs were differentially expressed in the liver of mice infected by C. sinensis, and these miRNAs may play important roles in regulation of peribiliary fibrosis caused by C. sinensis, which may provide possible therapeutic targets for clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Shen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Gang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Feldmeier H, Hazay M, Sato M, Tiengkham P, Nishimoto F, Jiang H, Sopraseuth V, Moji K. Morbidity assessment of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in rural Laos: I. Parasitological, clinical, ultrasonographical and biochemical findings. Trop Med Health 2016; 44:12. [PMID: 27433131 PMCID: PMC4940689 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-016-0012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections with the food-borne trematode Opisthorchis viverinni are common in Southeast Asia. In Lao PDR alone, two million people are supposed to be infected. Opisthorchiasis may cause severe liver disease, eventually leading to cholangiocarcinoma. The objective of this study is to assess the eating habits, complaints, symptoms, signs and ultrasonographical findings in three different areas of Savannakhet Province. Methods Study participants were recruited in Lahanam village in the flood-prone lowland of, Sonkhone district, Savannakhet Province (group A); in Non Somboon village, a community located on a hilly plateau in the same district (group B); and in staff of Savannakhet Province Hospital, Savannakhet town (group C). Eating habits, complaints and symptoms were recorded by standardized structured questionnaires. Participants were thoroughly examined clinically, and ultrasonography was performed. O. viverrini eggs were looked for in stool and in duodenal fluid. An array of biochemical and haematological parameters potentially related to liver disease was determined. Group A consisted of 45, group B of 31 and group C of 18 individuals. Results Eating habits were similar in the three groups, except that participants from group C tended to consume less high-risk types of fish dishes and more frequently ate beef and pork. Average intensity of infection (eggs per gram of stool) was low, but significantly higher in group A than in group B and C (p < 0.001). Medical history and complaints were similar in the three groups. Ultrasonography did not reveal any bile duct pathology. The only pathological finding was a slight elevation of ASAT and gamma-GT in a few participants in groups A and B. Conclusions The study shows that eating habits favouring the infection with O. viverrini are common in south Laos. Although the average intensity of infection was low, there was a significant difference between the groups, paralleling slightly different eating habits. Clinically, this corresponded to a paucity of liver disease-associated complaints and signs. The low intensity of infection probably explains why no alterations of bile ducts were detectable by ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Feldmeier
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miklos Hazay
- Specialist Practice for Internal Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Megumi Sato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Futoshi Nishimoto
- Graduate School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Moji
- Graduate School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Echaubard P, Sripa B, Mallory FF, Wilcox BA. The role of evolutionary biology in research and control of liver flukes in Southeast Asia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:381-97. [PMID: 27197053 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated largely by the availability of new technology, biomedical research at the molecular-level and chemical-based control approaches arguably dominate the field of infectious diseases. Along with this, the proximate view of disease etiology predominates to the exclusion of the ultimate, evolutionary biology-based, causation perspective. Yet, historically and up to today, research in evolutionary biology has provided much of the foundation for understanding the mechanisms underlying disease transmission dynamics, virulence, and the design of effective integrated control strategies. Here we review the state of knowledge regarding the biology of Asian liver Fluke-host relationship, parasitology, phylodynamics, drug-based interventions and liver Fluke-related cancer etiology from an evolutionary biology perspective. We consider how evolutionary principles, mechanisms and research methods could help refine our understanding of clinical disease associated with infection by Liver Flukes as well as their transmission dynamics. We identify a series of questions for an evolutionary biology research agenda for the liver Fluke that should contribute to an increased understanding of liver Fluke-associated diseases. Finally, we describe an integrative evolutionary medicine approach to liver Fluke prevention and control highlighting the need to better contextualize interventions within a broader human health and sustainable development framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Echaubard
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Tropical Disease Research laboratory, Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Global Health Asia, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Tropical Disease Research laboratory, Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Department of Parasitology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Frank F Mallory
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Bruce A Wilcox
- Global Health Asia, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Meister I, Kovac J, Duthaler U, Odermatt P, Huwyler J, Vanobberghen F, Sayasone S, Keiser J. Pharmacokinetic Study of Praziquantel Enantiomers and Its Main Metabolite R-trans-4-OH-PZQ in Plasma, Blood and Dried Blood Spots in Opisthorchis viverrini-Infected Patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004700. [PMID: 27152952 PMCID: PMC4859549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Praziquantel (PZQ) is the treatment of choice for infections with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, a major health problem in Southeast Asia. However, pharmacokinetic (PK) studies investigating the disposition of PZQ enantiomers (R- and S-PZQ) and its main metabolite, R-trans-4-OH-PZQ, in diseased patients are lacking. The implementation of a dried blood spot (DBS) sampling technique would ease the performance of PK studies in remote areas without clinical facilities. The aim of the present study is to provide data on the disposition of PZQ enantiomers and R-trans-4-OH-PZQ in opisthorchiasis patients and to validate the use of DBS compared to plasma and blood sampling. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS PZQ was administered to nine O. viverrini-infected patients at 3 oral doses of 25 mg/kg in 4 h intervals. Plasma, blood and DBS were simultaneously collected at selected time points from 0 to 24 h post-treatment. PK parameters were determined using non-compartmental analysis. Drug concentrations and areas under the curve (AUC0-24h) measured in the 3 matrices were compared using Bland-Altman analysis. We observed plasma AUC0-24hs of 1.1, 9.0 and 188.7 μg/ml*h and half-lives of 1.1, 3.3 and 6.4 h for R-PZQ, S-PZQ and R-trans-4-OH, respectively. Maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 0.2, 0.9 and 13.9 μg/ml for R-PZQ, S-PQZ and R-trans-4-OH peaked at 7 h for PZQ enantiomers and at 8.7 h for the metabolite. Individual drug concentration measurements and patient AUC0-24hs displayed ratios of blood or DBS versus plasma between 79-94% for R- and S-PZQ, and between 108-122% for R-trans-4-OH. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Pharmacodynamic (PD) in vitro studies on PZQ enantiomers and R-trans-4-OH-PZQ are necessary to be able to correlate PK parameters with efficacy. DBS appears to be a valid alternative to conventional venous sampling for PK studies in PZQ-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Meister
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jana Kovac
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Duthaler
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Odermatt
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Vanobberghen
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Somphou Sayasone
- National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Avgustinovich DF, Marenina MK, Zhanaeva SY, Tenditnik MV, Katokhin AV, Pavlov KS, Sivkov AY, Vishnivetskaya GB, Lvova MN, Tolstikova TG, Mordvinov VA. Combined effects of social stress and liver fluke infection in a mouse model. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 53:262-272. [PMID: 26778779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of two influences, social stress and acute opisthorchiasis, were investigated in inbred C57BL/6J male mice. In the model of social stress, mice were repeatedly attacked and defeated by aggressive outbred ICR male mice and were in continuous sensory contact with an aggressive conspecific mouse in their home cage for 20 days. Acute opisthorchiasis was provoked by invasion of Opisthorchis felineus (50 larvae per animal) on the fourth day after the social stress was induced. Simultaneous action of both factors caused the hypertrophy of adrenal glands, as well as elevated the activity of cathepsins B and L in the spleen. This effect on the activity of the cysteine proteases in the hippocampus and hypothalamus following O. felineus invasion was the predominant result of simultaneous action with social stress. Acute opisthorchiasis, social stress, and their combination caused an increase in the level of blood IL-6 in approximately 30% of the animals. Social stress induced a more pronounced effect on mouse plus-maze behavior than O. felineus invasion. Our results suggest a more severe negative effect of the simultaneous influence of both factors on most of the parameters that were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damira F Avgustinovich
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Mariya K Marenina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ya Zhanaeva
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology & Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Tenditnik
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology & Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V Katokhin
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin S Pavlov
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology & Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anton Yu Sivkov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina B Vishnivetskaya
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria N Lvova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana G Tolstikova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viatcheslav A Mordvinov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Chaiyadet S, Smout M, Laha T, Sripa B, Loukas A, Sotillo J. Proteomic characterization of the internalization of Opisthorchis viverrini excretory/secretory products in human cells. Parasitol Int 2016; 66:494-502. [PMID: 26873540 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The association between liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA - hepatic cancer of the bile duct epithelium) has been well established. Multiple mechanisms play a role in the development of CCA, but the excretory/secretory products released by O. viverrini (OvES) represent the major interface between the parasite and its host, and their uptake by biliary epithelial cells has been suggested to be responsible for proliferation of cholangiocytes, the cells that line the biliary epithelium. Despite recent progress in the study of the molecular basis of O. viverrini-host interactions, little is known about the effects that OvES induces upon internalization by host cells. In the present study we incubated non-cancerous human cholangiocytes (H69) and human colon cancer (CaCo-2) cells with OvES and performed a time-course quantitative proteomic analysis on the cells to determine the early changes induced by the parasite. Different KEGG pathways were altered in H69 cells compared to Caco-2 cells: glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the Reactome pathway analysis showed a predominance of proteins involved in cellular pathways related to apoptosis and apoptotic execution phase in H69 cells after incubation with OvES. The present study provides the first proteomic analysis to address the molecular mechanisms by which OvES products interact with host cells, and Sheds light on the cellular processes involved in O. viverrini-induced CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujittra Chaiyadet
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Smout
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
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Deenonpoe R, Chomvarin C, Pairojkul C, Chamgramol Y, Loukas A, Brindley PJ, Sripa B. The carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is a reservoir for species of Helicobacter. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:1751-8. [PMID: 25773821 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.5.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a strong, positive correlation between opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma and infection with Helicobacter. Here a rodent model of human infection with Opisthorchis viverrini was utilized to further investigate relationships of apparent co-infections with O. viverrini and H. pylori. A total of 150 hamsters were assigned to five groups: i) Control hamsters not infected with O. viverrini; ii) O. viverrini-infected hamsters; iii) non-O. viverrini infected hamsters treated with antibiotics (ABx); iv) O. viverrini-infected hamsters treated with ABx; and v) O. viverrini-infected hamsters treated both with ABx and praziquantel (PZQ). Stomach, gallbladder, liver, colonic tissue, colorectal feces and O. viverrini worms were collected and the presence of species of Helicobacter determined by PCR-based approaches. In addition, O. viverrini worms were cultured in vitro with and without ABx for four weeks, after which the presence of Helicobacter spp. was determined. In situ localization of H. pylori and Helicobacter-like species was performed using a combination of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in O. viverrini-infected hamsters was significantly higher than that of O. viverrini-uninfected hamsters (p≤0.001). Interestingly, O. viverrini-infected hamsters treated with ABx and PZQ (to remove the flukes) had a significantly lower frequency of H. pylori than either O. viverrini- infected hamsters treated only with ABx or O. viverrini-infected hamsters, respectively (p≤0.001). Quantitative RT-PCR strongly confirmed the correlation between intensity H. pylori infection and the presence of liver fluke infection. In vitro, H. pylori could be detected in the O. viverrini worms cultured with ABx over four weeks. In situ localization revealed H. pylori and other Helicobacter-like bacteria in worm gut. The findings indicate that the liver fluke O. viverrini in the biliary tree of the hamsters harbors H. pylori and Helicobacter-like bacteria. Accordingly, the association between O. viverrini and H. pylori may be an obligatory mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksawan Deenonpoe
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand E-mail :
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Hemozoin is a product of heme detoxification in the gut of the most medically important species of the family Opisthorchiidae. Int J Parasitol 2016; 46:147-156. [PMID: 26812025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many species of trematodes such as Schistosoma spp., Fasciola hepatica and Echinostoma trivolvis are blood-feeding parasites. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on the feeding habits of the family Opisthorchiidae (Opisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis). Previously, histological studies of O. felineus and C. sinensis revealed some dark stained material in their gut lumen. In this study we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the gut contents of three members of the family Opisthorchiidae (O. felineus, O. viverrini and C. sinensis). Using transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrated for the first known time the presence of disintegrating blood cells in the gut of O. felineus as well as electron-dense crystals in the gut of O. felineus and C. sinensis. Electron energy loss spectroscopy revealed iron atoms in these crystals, and mass spectrometry of the purified pigment demonstrated the presence of heme. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified the signature peaks of the common iron-carboxylate bond characteristic in crystals isolated from O. felineus and C. sinensis. Scanning electron microscopy showed layered ovoid crystals of various sizes from 50 nm to 2 μm. Morphological, chemical and paramagnetic properties of these crystals were similar to those of hemozoin from Schistosoma mansoni. Crystal formation occurs on the surface of lipid droplets in O. felineus and C. sinensis guts. Our results suggest that the diet of O. felineus and C. sinensis includes blood. Detoxification of the free heme produced during the digestion proceeds via formation of insoluble crystals that contain iron and heme dimers, i.e. crystals of hemozoin. Furthermore, we believe that biocrystallisation of hemozoin takes place on the surface of the lipid droplets, similar to S. mansoni. Hemozoin was not detected in the closely related species O. viverrini.
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Silakit R, Loilome W, Yongvanit P, Thongchot S, Sithithaworn P, Boonmars T, Koonmee S, Titapun A, Khuntikeo N, Chamadol N, Techasen A, Namwat N. Urinary microRNA-192 and microRNA-21 as potential indicators for liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma risk group. Parasitol Int 2015; 66:479-485. [PMID: 26456596 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini infection induces chronic inflammation in the bile ducts, leading to periductal fibrosis (PDF), which possibly associates to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Patients with CCA have a poor prognosis, which is linked to asymptomatic disease and late diagnosis. Hence, detecting early stage CCA is essential. Secretory miRNAs have been promoted as biomarkers for pathological changes associated with parasitic infections, fibrosis and/or cancer. We aimed to determine levels of miR-192 and miR-21 in the urine of O. viverrini infected, periductal fibrosis (PDF) and CCA groups using qRT-PCR. We found that miR-192 was significantly higher in O. viverrini infected, PDF and also CCA groups (p<0.05) than in healthy controls. By utilizing the Receiver Operation Characteristics (ROC) analysis, miR-192 differentiated patients with opisthorchiasis (the area under the curve; AUC=0.766), PDF subjects (AUC=0.781) and CCA patients (AUC=0.682) from healthy controls. MiR-21 was significantly higher in PDF and CCA groups (p<0.05) than in healthy controls. MiR-21 discriminated PDF subjects (AUC=0.735) and CCA patients (AUC=0.682) from healthy controls. Combined levels of these two miRNAs revealed an increased AUC of 0.812 for separating opisthorchiasis, AUC of 0.815 in discriminating PDF subjects, and AUC of 0.849 in differentiating CCA from healthy controls. Odds ratios (OR) indicated high levels of miR-192/miR-21 as risk predictors for opisthorchiasis, PDF and CCA. Levels of these miRNAs declined significantly for patients following praziquantel treatment. In conclusion, urinary miR-192/miR-21 have potential as risk indicators for opisthorchiasis and PDF-associated CCA in the endemic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runglawan Silakit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Suyanee Thongchot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Thidarut Boonmars
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Supinda Koonmee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Attapol Titapun
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Chamadol
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection is one of the main risk factors for cancer. OBJECTIVES Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and disease burden of infection-related cancers were reviewed by infectious agents. FINDINGS Chronic infection with Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, human papillomavirus (HPV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, Helicobacter pylori, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Schistosoma haematobium are associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma; lymphoma and leukemia, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma; hepatocellular carcinoma; Kaposi sarcoma; oropharyngeal carcinoma; cervical carcinoma and carcinoma of other anogential sites; adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma; gastric carcinoma; cholangiocarcinoma; and urinary bladder cancer. In 2008, approximately 2 million new cancer cases (16%) worldwide were attributable to infection. If these infections could be prevented and/or treated, it is estimated that there would be about 23% fewer cancers in less developed regions of the world, and about 7% fewer cancers in more developed regions. CONCLUSION Widespread application of existing public health methods for the prevention of infection, such as vaccination, safer injection practices, quality-assured screening of all donated blood and blood components, antimicrobial treatments, and safer sex practices, including minimizing one's lifetime number of sexual partners and condom use, could have a substantial effect on the future burden of cancer worldwide.
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49
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Saichua P, Yakovleva A, Kamamia C, Jariwala AR, Sithithaworn J, Sripa B, Brindley PJ, Laha T, Mairiang E, Pairojkul C, Khuntikeo N, Mulvenna J, Sithithaworn P, Bethony JM. Levels of 8-OxodG Predict Hepatobiliary Pathology in Opisthorchis viverrini Endemic Settings in Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003949. [PMID: 26230769 PMCID: PMC4521778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini is distinct among helminth infections as it drives a chronic inflammatory response in the intrahepatic bile duct that progresses from advanced periductal fibrosis (APF) to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Extensive research shows that oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in the transition from chronic O. viverrini infection to CCA. OS also results in the excision of a modified DNA lesion (8-oxodG) into urine, the levels of which can be detected by immunoassay. Herein, we measured concentrations of urine 8-oxodG by immunoassay from the following four groups in the Khon Kaen Cancer Cohort study: (1) O. viverrini negative individuals, (2) O. viverrini positive individuals with no APF as determined by abdominal ultrasound, (3) O. viverrini positive individuals with APF as determined by abdominal ultrasound, and (4) O. viverrini induced cases of CCA. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the utility of creatinine-adjusted urinary 8-oxodG among these groups, along with demographic, behavioral, and immunological risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of urinary 8-oxodG for APF and CCA. Elevated concentrations of 8-oxodG in urine positively associated with APF and CCA in a strongly dose-dependent manner. Urinary 8-oxodG concentrations also accurately predicted whether an individual presented with APF or CCA compared to O. viverrini infected individuals without these pathologies. In conclusion, urinary 8-oxodG is a robust ‘candidate’ biomarker of the progression of APF and CCA from chronic opisthorchiasis, which is indicative of the critical role that OS plays in both of these advanced hepatobiliary pathologies. The findings also confirm our previous observations that severe liver pathology occurs early and asymptomatically in residents of O. viverrini endemic regions, where individuals are infected for years (often decades) with this food-borne pathogen. These findings also contribute to an expanding literature on 8-oxodG in an easily accessible bodily fluid (e.g., urine) as a biomarker in the multistage process of inflammation, fibrogenesis, and infection-induced cancer. Opisthorchis viverrini is a food-borne helminth infection that drives a strong inflammatory response in the bile duct that can result in bile duct fibrosis and bile duct cancer (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma). Extensive research shows that oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in chronic O. viverrini infection transitioning to cancer in the bile duct. OS also results in a modified DNA lesion, referred to as 8-oxodG, excreted in the urine, where it can be detected by an antibody-based test. We measured the concentrations of 8-oxodG in the urine of O. viverrini-infected individuals who had developed bile duct fibrosis or bile duct cancer and compared levels of this metabolite in urine to O. viverrini infected individuals who did not have bile duct fibrosis or cancer in Northeastern Thailand. We determined bile duct fibrosis by ultrasonography and bile duct cancer by immunohistochemistry on resected liver tissue. We then built a statistical model to quantify how well urinary 8-oxodG predicted bile duct fibrosis and bile duct cancer in O. viverrini-infected individuals. We found that individuals with elevated levels of 8-oxodG in urine had a greater probability of developing bile duct fibrosis or bile duct cancer from O. viverrini infection. This association occurred in a strongly dose-dependent manner: in other words, the O. viverrini-infected individuals who had the highest concentration of urinary 8-oxodG also had the highest risk of presenting with bile duct fibrosis or bile duct cancer. In summary, measuring levels of 8-oxodG in the urine offers a unique opportunity to develop a candidate biomarker for advanced O. viverrini induced hepatobiliary pathologies such as fibrosis and cancer. The findings also confirm our previous observations that severe liver pathology occurs early and asymptomatically in residents of O. viverrini endemic regions, where individuals are infected for years (often decades) with this food-borne neglected tropical diseases (NTD) pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasert Saichua
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Anna Yakovleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Christine Kamamia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Amar R. Jariwala
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Jiraporn Sithithaworn
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Paul J. Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jason Mulvenna
- Infections Disease Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey M. Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chaiyadet S, Smout M, Johnson M, Whitchurch C, Turnbull L, Kaewkes S, Sotillo J, Loukas A, Sripa B. Excretory/secretory products of the carcinogenic liver fluke are endocytosed by human cholangiocytes and drive cell proliferation and IL6 production. Int J Parasitol 2015; 45:773-81. [PMID: 26187786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem in many parts of Asia including Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia, where there is a strikingly high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA - hepatic cancer of the bile duct epithelium). Among other factors, uptake of O. viverrini excretory/secretory products (OvES) by biliary epithelial cells has been postulated to be responsible for chronic inflammation and proliferation of cholangiocytes, but the mechanisms by which cells internalise O. viverrini excretory/secretory products are still unknown. Herein we incubated normal human cholangiocytes (H69), human cholangiocarcinoma cells (KKU-100, KKU-M156) and human colon cancer (Caco-2) cells with O. viverrini excretory/secretory products and analysed the effects of different endocytic inhibitors to address the mechanism of cellular uptake of ES proteins. Opisthorchis viverrini excretory/secretory products was internalised preferentially by liver cell lines, and most efficiently/rapidly by H69 cells. There was no evidence for trafficking of ES proteins to cholangiocyte organelles, and most of the fluorescence was detected in the cytoplasm. Pretreatment with clathrin inhibitors significantly reduced the uptake of O. viverrini excretory/secretory products, particularly by H69 cells. Opisthorchis viverrini excretory/secretory products induced proliferation of liver cells (H69 and CCA lines) but not intestinal (Caco-2) cells, and proliferation was blocked using inhibitors of the classical endocytic pathways (clathrin and caveolae). Opisthorchis viverrini excretory/secretory products drove IL6 secretion by H69 cells but not Caco-2 cells, and cytokine secretion was significantly reduced by endocytosis inhibitors. This the first known study to address the endocytosis of helminth ES proteins by host epithelial cells and sheds light on the pathways by which this parasite causes one of the most devastating forms of cancer in south-eastern Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujittra Chaiyadet
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Michael Smout
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Michael Johnson
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Lynne Turnbull
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sasithorn Kaewkes
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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