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Zhang C, Yu X, Laipan M, Wei T, Guo J. Soil health improvement by inoculation of indigenous microalgae in saline soil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:23. [PMID: 38225518 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Using biological methods to improve saline soils is recognized as an eco-friendly and sustainable way. In this study, two indigenous algae YJ-1 and YJ-2 screened from salinized farmland were inoculated into saline soils with different salinization levels to investigate their potential in enhancing soil health by laboratory microcosm experiment. The results showed that individual inoculation of the two algae quickly resulted in the formation of algal crusts, and the chlorophyll content in the saline soils gradually increased with the incubation time. The soil pH decreased significantly from the initial 8.15-9.45 to 6.97-7.56 after 60-day incubation. The exopolysaccharides secretion and the activities of catalase, sucrase, and urease in saline soils also increased. Microalgal inoculation increased soil organic matter storage, while decreasing the available nutrient contents possibly due to the depletion of microalgal growth. PCA and PCC results identified that microalgal biomass as the predominant variable affecting soil quality. Overall, these data revealed the great potential of microalgae in the amelioration of saline soils, especially in pH reduction and enzyme activity enhancement. This study will provide the theoretical foundation for improving saline soils via algalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianwei Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Minwang Laipan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhang B, Cai C, Zhou Y. Iron and nitrogen regulate carbon transformation in a methanotroph-microalgae system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166287. [PMID: 37591392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient supply is important for maintaining a methanotroph and microalgae (MOB-MG) system for biogas valorization. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding how key elements regulate the growth of a MOB-MG coculture. In this study, a MOB-MG coculture with high protein content (0.47 g/g biomass) was established from waste activated sludge using synthetic biogas. An increase in iron availability substantially stimulated the specific growth rate (from 0.18 to 0.62 day-1) and biogas conversion rate (from 26.81 to 106.57 mg-C L-1 day-1) of the coculture. Moreover, the protein content remained high (0.51 g/g biomass), and the total lipid content increased (from 0.09 to 0.14 g/g biomass). Nitrogen limitation apparently constrained the specific growth rate (from 0.64 to 0.28 day-1) and largely reduced the protein content (from 0.51 to 0.31 g/g biomass) of the coculture. Intriguingly, the lipid content remained unchanged after nitrogen was depleted. The eukaryotic community was consistently dominated by MG belonging to Chlorella, while the populations of MOB shifted from Methylococcus/Methylosinus to Methylocystis due to iron and nitrogen amendment. In addition, diverse non-methanotrophic heterotrophs were present in the community. Their presence neither compromised the performance of the coculture system nor affected the protein content of the biomass. However, these heterotrophs may contribute to high carbon conversion efficiency by utilizing the dissolved organic carbon released by MOB and MG. Overall, the findings highlight the vital roles of iron and nitrogen in achieving efficient conversion of biogas, fast growth of cells, and optimal biomass composition in a MOB-MG coculture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baorui Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, 61 Nanyang Drive, 637335, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Chen Cai
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Chatterjee S, Guha S. Potential of algal oil production from secondary treated sewage: a study using Chlorella vulgaris and synthetic wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37997754 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2288656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
To assess the potential of using the secondary treated wastewater for the production of algal biofuel, batch experiments were carried out in photobioreactors using indigenous Chlorella vulgaris isolated from the natural freshwater body. Secondary treated wastewater with partial nitrification was simulated using various proportions of NO3-N and NH4-N while keeping the total nitrogen the same. Experiments with similar concentrations of nitrate without the NH4-N were used for comparison. In the presence of only NO3-N in the concentration range of 9-37 mg/L, the growth and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production was similar to the literature reports. When NH4-N was present along with NO3-N, the biomass growth was adversely affected, indicating an impact on the metabolic activity. For the same initial concentrations of nitrate in the culture, the maximum biomass concentration was reduced by 50-60% in the presence of NH4-N. The FAME profile changed significantly and a new FAME was identified, suggesting an impact on the lipid synthesis pathway. Comparison and analysis with the help of existing literature indicated that the adverse effect due to NH4-N was a function of pH. The growth, biomass yield, and FAME production were unaffected by a wide range of phosphorus concentrations. Maximum fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) suitable for biodiesel production (fatty acid carbon chain length C16 to C18) was 381.01 mg/L (224.58 mg/g of dry biomass), produced at NO3-N concentration of 18.5 mg/L and initial nitrogen loading per unit biomass of 0.37 g NO3-N/g of dry biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saumyen Guha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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Senousy HH, El-Sheekh MM, Khairy HM, El-Sayed HS, Mahmoud GAE, Hamed AA. Biodiesel Production from the Marine Alga Nannochloropsis oceanica Grown on Yeast Wastewater and the Effect on Its Biochemical Composition and Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2898. [PMID: 37631110 PMCID: PMC10459201 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based biodiesel synthesis is currently not commercially viable due to the high costs of culture realizations and low lipid yields. The main objective of the current study was to determine the possibility of growing Nannochloropsis oceanica on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast wastewater for biodiesel generation at an economical rate. N. oceanica was grown in Guillard F/2 synthetic medium and three dilutions of yeast wastewater (1, 1.25, and 1.5%). Biodiesel properties, in addition to carbohydrate, protein, lipid, dry weight, biomass, lipid productivity, amino acids, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) content, were analyzed and the quality of the produced biodiesel is assessed. The data revealed the response of N. oceanica to nitrogen-deficiency in the three dilutions of yeast wastewater. N. oceanica in Y2 (1.25%) yeast wastewater dilution exhibited the highest total carbohydrate and lipid percentages (21.19% and 41.97%, respectively), and the highest lipid productivity (52.46 mg L-1 day -1) under nitrogen deficiency in yeast wastewater. The fatty acids profile shows that N. oceanica cultivated in Y2 (1.25%) wastewater dilution provides a significant level of TSFA (47.42%) and can be used as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. In addition, N. oceanica responded to nitrogen shortage in wastewater dilutions by upregulating the gene encoding delta-9 fatty acid desaturase (Δ9FAD). As a result, the oleic and palmitoleic acid levels increased in the fatty acid profile of Y2 yeast wastewater dilution, highlighting the increased activity of Δ9FAD enzyme in transforming stearic acid and palmitic acid into oleic acid and palmitoleic acid. This study proved that the Y2 (1.25%) yeast wastewater dilution can be utilized as a growth medium for improving the quantity of specific fatty acids and lipid productivity in N. oceanica that affect biodiesel quality to satisfy global biodiesel requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda H. Senousy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | | | - Hanan M. Khairy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11516, Egypt; (H.M.K.); (H.S.E.-S.)
| | - Heba S. El-Sayed
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11516, Egypt; (H.M.K.); (H.S.E.-S.)
| | | | - Amal A. Hamed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
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Dr S, Zaman MM, Farooq Z, Hafeez A, Sajid MW, Tariq MR, Ali SW, Ali S, Shafiq M, Iftikhar M, Safdar W, Ali U, Kanwal M, Umer Z, Basharat Z. Supplementation of PUFA extracted from microalgae for the development of chicken patties. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15355. [PMID: 37250722 PMCID: PMC10224672 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in development of a diverse range of foods that are enriched with omega-3 fatty acids. It is widely recognized that through dietary interventions, the lipid fraction of food can be modified to enhance its nutritional content. This study is aimed to develop chicken patties enriched with poly unstaurated fatty acids (PUFAs) extracted from microalgae aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) concentration of 0% (T0), 1% (T1), 2% (T2), and 3% (T3). All treatments were stored at -18 °C for one month and analysed at an interval of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days to assess the effect of PUFAs supplementation on physicochemical, oxidative, microbiological and organoleptic properties of chicken patties. The results revealed that moisture content was significantly increased during the storage; the maximum moisture was observed in T0 (67.25% ± 0.03) on day 0, while the minimun was found in T3 (64.69% ± 0.04) on day 30. Supplemenatation of PUFAs in chicken patties significantly enhanced the fat content of the product the highest fat content was observed for T3 (9.7% ± 0.06. An increase in PUFAs concentration led to a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). TBARS were increased from 1.22 ± 0.43 at 0 days to 1.48 ± 0.39 at 30 days of storage. The PUFAs incorporation negatively effected sensory acceptance of the product ranging from (8.41 ± 0.17 to 7.28 ± 0.12). However, the sensory scores were in acceptable range for supplemented patties as compared to control sample. Treatment T3 depicted the highest nutritional content. The sensory and physiochemical analysis of supplemented patties suggested that PUFAs extracted from microalgae can be used as a functional ingredient in the preparation various meat products particularly chicken meta patties. However, antioxidants should be added to to prevent lipid oxidation in the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Dr
- Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Amina Hafeez
- Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Horticulture, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Iftikhar
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Ibadat International University, Islambad, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Safdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Umair Ali
- Dept of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Maria Kanwal
- Department of Food Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zujaja Umer
- Department of Food Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Basharat
- Department of Food Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Quiroz D, Greene JM, Quinn JC. Regionalized Life-Cycle Water Impacts of Microalgal-Based Biofuels in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16400-16409. [PMID: 36227213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While algal biofuels have the potential to reduce the national reliance on fossil fuels, high water consumption associated with algal biomass cultivation represents a major concern potentially compromising the sustainable commercialization of this technology. This study focuses on quantifying the water footprint (WF) and water scarcity footprint (WSF) of renewable diesel derived from algal biomass and provides insights into where algal cultivation is less water-intensive than traditional ethanol and biodiesel feedstocks. Results are generated with an engineering process model developed to predict the life-cycle water consumption, considering green, blue, and gray water, of algae facilities across the United States at a high spatiotemporal resolution. The total WFs for Florida and Arizona are determined to be 13.1 and 17.6 m3 GJ-1, respectively. The blue WF in Arizona is shown to be 8.5 times larger than in Florida, while the green WF is 4.5 times smaller, but when combined into a total WF, there is just a 26% difference between the two locations. The analysis reveals that the total life-cycle WFs of algal renewable diesel are smaller than the optimal WFs of corn ethanol and soybean biodiesel. Algal systems benefit from higher growth rates and offer the opportunity to manage wastewater streams, therefore generating smaller green and gray WFs than those of conventional biofuels. The WSF analysis identifies the Gulf Coast as the most suitable region for algal cultivation, with cultivation in the western US shown to exacerbate local water stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Quiroz
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Colorado State University, 1374 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, United States
| | - Jonah M Greene
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Colorado State University, 1374 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, United States
| | - Jason C Quinn
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Colorado State University, 1374 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, United States
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7
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Carnovale G, Lama C, Torres S, Rosa F, Mantecón L, Horn SJ, Skjånes K, Infante C. Metabolic pathways for biosynthesis and degradation of starch in Tetraselmis chui during nitrogen deprivation and recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127222. [PMID: 35477101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tetraselmis chui is known to accumulate starch when subjected to stress. This phenomenon is widely studied for the purpose of industrial production and process development. Yet, knowledge about the metabolic pathways involved is still immature. Hence, in this study, transcription of 27 starch-related genes was monitored under nitrogen deprivation and resupply in 25 L tubular photobioreactors. T. chui proved to be an efficient starch producer under nitrogen deprivation, accumulating starch up to 56% of relative biomass content. The prolonged absence of nitrogen led to an overall down-regulation of the tested genes, in most instances maintained even after nitrogen replenishment when starch was actively degraded. These gene expression patterns suggest post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play a key role in T. chui under nutrient stress. Finally, the high productivity combined with an efficient recovery after nitrogen restitution makes this species a suitable candidate for industrial production of high-starch biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Carnovale
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, PO 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Carmen Lama
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena comercial s/n (Muelle pesquero), 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sonia Torres
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena comercial s/n (Muelle pesquero), 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Filipa Rosa
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, PO 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Lalia Mantecón
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena comercial s/n (Muelle pesquero), 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Svein Jarle Horn
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Kari Skjånes
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, PO 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Carlos Infante
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena comercial s/n (Muelle pesquero), 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
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8
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Qiao T, Gu D, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Zhong DB, Yu X. Coupling of myo-inositol with salinity regulates ethylene-induced microalgal lipid hyperproduction in molasses wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151765. [PMID: 34801491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of cost-effective and high-efficient microalgae-based biodiesel production, this study evaluated the feasibility of the joint strategy concerning myo-inositol (MI) and salinity stress on lipid productivity of Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1 in molasses wastewater (MW). The maximal lipid productivity (147.79 mg L-1 d-1) was obtained under combined 0.5 g L-1 MI and 10 g L-1 NaCl treatment, which was 1.40-fold higher than the control. Meanwhile, the nutrients removal from MW was markedly increased under MI-NaCl treatment. Moreover, exogenous MI upregulated key lipogenic genes' expressions, activated autophagic activity and ethylene (ET) signaling, and ultimately alleviated the salinity-induced damage via reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Further pharmacologic experiment confirmed the indispensable role of ET in the lipogenesis progress under the combined treatment. These data demonstrated the combined salinity stress and MI treatment to be capable for lipid hyperproduction and wastewater nutrients removal, which contributes to practically integrating the microalgae cultivation with wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengsheng Qiao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dan Gu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Liyan Zhu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Du-Bo Zhong
- Yunnan Yunce Quality Testing Co., Ltd, Kunming 650217, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Wu H, Li T, Lv J, Chen Z, Wu J, Wang N, Wu H, Xiang W. Growth and Biochemical Composition Characteristics of Arthrospira platensis Induced by Simultaneous Nitrogen Deficiency and Seawater-Supplemented Medium in an Outdoor Raceway Pond in Winter. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122974. [PMID: 34945525 PMCID: PMC8701333 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis, a well-known cyanobacterium, is widely applied not only in human and animal nutrition but also in cosmetics for its high amounts of active products. The biochemical composition plays a key role in the application performance of the Arthrospira biomass. The present study aimed to evaluate the growth and biochemical composition characteristics of A. platensis, cultured with a nitrogen-free and seawater-supplemented medium in an outdoor raceway pond in winter. The results showed that the biomass yield could achieve 222.42 g m−2, and the carbohydrate content increased by 247% at the end of the culture period (26 d), compared with that of the starter culture. The daily and annual areal productivities were 3.96 g m−2 d−1 and 14.44 ton ha−1 yr−1 for biomass and 2.88 g m−2 d−1 and 10.53 ton ha−1 yr−1 for carbohydrates, respectively. On the contrary, a profound reduction was observed in protein, lipid, and pigment contents. Glucose, the main monosaccharide in the A. platensis biomass, increased from 77.81% to 93.75% of total monosaccharides. Based on these results, large-scale production of carbohydrate-rich A. platensis biomass was achieved via a low-cost culture, involving simultaneous nitrogen deficiency and supplementary seawater in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.W.); (N.W.); (H.W.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Tao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.W.); (N.W.); (H.W.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jinting Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.W.); (N.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Zishuo Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.W.); (N.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Jiayi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.W.); (N.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Na Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.W.); (N.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Houbo Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.W.); (N.W.); (H.W.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Wenzhou Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (H.W.); (T.L.); (J.L.); (Z.C.); (J.W.); (N.W.); (H.W.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8902-3223
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Soleimani khorramdashti M, Samipoor Giri M, Majidian N. Extraction lipids from chlorella vulgaris by supercritical CO2 for biodiesel production. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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11
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Rawat J, Gupta PK, Pandit S, Prasad R, Pande V. Current perspectives on integrated approaches to enhance lipid accumulation in microalgae. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:303. [PMID: 34194896 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research initiatives on renewable bioenergy or biofuels have been gaining momentum, not only due to fast depletion of finite reserves of fossil fuels but also because of the associated concerns for the environment and future energy security. In the last few decades, interest is growing concerning microalgae as the third-generation biofuel feedstock. The CO2 fixation ability and conversion of it into value-added compounds, devoid of challenging food and feed crops, make these photosynthetic microorganisms an optimistic producer of biofuel from an environmental point of view. Microalgal-derived fuels are currently being considered as clean, renewable, and promising sustainable biofuel. Therefore, most research targets to obtain strains with the highest lipid productivity and a high growth rate at the lowest cultivation costs. Different methods and strategies to attain higher biomass and lipid accumulation in microalgae have been extensively reported in the previous research, but there are fewer inclusive reports that summarize the conventional methods with the modern techniques for lipid enhancement and biodiesel production from microalgae. Therefore, the current review focuses on the latest techniques and advances in different cultivation conditions, the effect of different abiotic and heavy metal stress, and the role of nanoparticles (NPs) in the stimulation of lipid accumulation in microalgae. Techniques such as genetic engineering, where particular genes associated with lipid metabolism, are modified to boost lipid synthesis within the microalgae, the contribution of "Omics" in metabolic pathway studies. Further, the contribution of CRISPR/Cas9 system technique to the production of microalgae biofuel is also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136 India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar 845801 India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136 India
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12
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Haske-Cornelius O, Gierlinger S, Vielnascher R, Gabauer W, Prall K, Pellis A, Guebitz GM. Cultivation of heterotrophic algae on paper waste material and digestate. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Shi X, Xiao Y, Liu L, Xie Y, Ma R, Chen J. Transcriptome responses of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi driven by nitrogen deficiency. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 103:101977. [PMID: 33980427 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The availability of ambient N nutrient is often correlated with the occurrences of harmful algal bloom formed by certain dinoflagellates, making it important to understand how these species might be responding to such conditions. Here, transcriptome sequencing of Karenia mikimotoi was conducted to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms by which this dinoflagellate copes with nitrogen (N) deficiency. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 8802 unigenes (3.56%) that were differentially expressed with ≥ 2-fold change. Under N-depleted conditions, genes involved in glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle as well as lipid accumulation were significantly upregulated. The elevated expression of enzymes used in protein degradation and turnover suggests possible metabolic reconfiguration towards accelerated N recycling. Moreover, a significant increase in urea transporter was observed, indicating increased assimilation of organic nitrogen resources as an alternative in N-depleted cultures of K. mikimotoi. The down-regulated glutamate synthase genes were also identified under N deficiency, suggesting suppression of primary amino acid synthesis to save N resource. Taken together, results of this study show enhanced multiple N resource acquisition and reuse of multiple N resources constitute a comprehensive strategy to cope with N deficiency in a dinoflagellate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Shi
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Youping Xie
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Ruijuan Ma
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China.
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14
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Wágner DS, Cazzaniga C, Steidl M, Dechesne A, Valverde-Pérez B, Plósz BG. Optimal influent N-to-P ratio for stable microalgal cultivation in water treatment and nutrient recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127939. [PMID: 33182115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Species specific nitrogen-to-phosphorus molar ratio (NPR) has been suggested for green microalgae. Algae can store nitrogen and phosphorus, suggesting that the optimum feed concentration dynamically changes as function of the nutrient storage. We assessed the effect of varying influent NPR on microalgal cultivation in terms of microbial community stability, effluent quality and biokinetics. Mixed green microalgae (Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus sp.) and a monoculture of Chlorella sp. were cultivated in continuous laboratory-scale reactors treating used water. An innovative image analysis tool, developed in this study, was used to track microbial community changes. Diatoms proliferated as influent NPR decreased, and were outcompeted once cultivation conditions were restored to the optimal NPR range. Low NPR operation resulted in decrease in phosphorus removal, biomass concentration and effluent nitrogen concentration. ASM-A kinetic model simulation results agreed well with operational data in the absence of diatoms. The failure to predict operational data in the presence of diatoms suggest differences in microbial activity that can significantly influence nutrient recovery in photobioreactors (PBR). No contamination occurred during Chlorella sp. monoculture cultivation with varying NPRs. Low NPR operation resulted in decrease in biomass concentration, effluent nitrogen concentration and nitrogen quota. The ASM-A model was calibrated for the monoculture and the simulations could predict the experimental data in continuous operation using a single parameter subset, suggesting stable biokinetics under the different NPR conditions. Results show that controlling the influent NPR is effective to maintain the algal community composition in PBR, thereby ensuring effective nutrients uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya S Wágner
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Clarissa Cazzaniga
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Steidl
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Dechesne
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Borja Valverde-Pérez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Benedek Gy Plósz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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15
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Sijil PV, Adki VR, Sarada R, Chauhan VS. Stress induced modifications in photosystem II electron transport, oxidative status, and expression pattern of acc D and rbc L genes in an oleaginous microalga Desmodesmus sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124039. [PMID: 32896711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed at understanding the biochemical and molecular level modifications in Desmodesmus sp. under lipid inducing stress conditions. The low-temperature (5 °C) incubation and nitrogen starvation reduced the PS II electron transport in microalga with a maximum reduction of 50-57% in ET0/ABS values. The PS II electron transport recovered in UV treated cultures after an initial reduction of 87-93% in ET0/ABS values. A 2.7-4.4 fold increase in ROS and MDA levels was observed under low-temperature incubation, and nitrogen starvation. The UV treatment caused 1.3-2.4 fold higher ROS and MDA levels than control. The low-temperature incubated, nitrogen starved, and UV treated cultures showed 2.4-4 fold higher acc D gene expression. A higher rbc L gene expression was observed under low-temperature stress. The study showed modifications in PS II electron transport, oxidative status, and expression of acc D and rbc L genes under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Sijil
- Plant Cell Biotechnology (PCBT) Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Vinaya R Adki
- Plant Cell Biotechnology (PCBT) Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570 020, India
| | - R Sarada
- Plant Cell Biotechnology (PCBT) Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - V S Chauhan
- Plant Cell Biotechnology (PCBT) Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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16
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Ali Kubar A, Cheng J, Guo W, Kumar S, Song Y. Development of a single helical baffle to increase CO 2 gas and microalgal solution mixing and Chlorella PY-ZU1 biomass yield. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123253. [PMID: 32244074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A single helical baffle (SHB), consisting of twisted turns, was developed to convert straight flow into spiral flow in a Chlorella PY-ZU1 open raceway pond (ORWP) bubbled with 15% CO2. Microalgal solution flowing through the SHB alternative helical interspaces generated whirling flow both vertically and horizontally, which decreased mixing and increased mass transfer rates. The optimized SHB had a pitch length to total SHB length ratio of 0.13 and SHB diameter to ORWP single channel width ratio of 0.30, which decreased mixing times and increased mass transfer coefficients by 41.1% and 38.4% respectively. SHB moved Chlorella PY-ZU1 from the ORWP bottom to the top, increasing light exposure for photosynthesis. Cellular electron transfer rates and photochemical efficiency (φPSII) increased by 18%, chlorophyll a content increased by 16% and variable to maximum fluorescence ratio increased by 13%. The microalgal biomass of SHB ORWP was 23% higher than that of conventional ORWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Ali Kubar
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Wangbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Santosh Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yanmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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17
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Ribeiro DM, Roncaratti LF, Possa GC, Garcia LC, Cançado LJ, Williams TCR, dos Santos Alves Figueiredo Brasil B. A low-cost approach for Chlorella sorokiniana production through combined use of urea, ammonia and nitrate based fertilizers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Ran W, Wang H, Liu Y, Qi M, Xiang Q, Yao C, Zhang Y, Lan X. Storage of starch and lipids in microalgae: Biosynthesis and manipulation by nutrients. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121894. [PMID: 31387839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae accumulate starch and lipid as storage metabolites under nutrient depletion, which can be used as sustainable feedstock for biorefinery. Omics analysis coupled with enzymatic and genetic verifications uncovered a partial picture of pathways and important enzymes or regulators related to starch and lipid biosynthesis as well as the carbon partitioning between them under nutrient depletion conditions. Depletion of macronutrients (N, P, and S) resulted in considerable enhancement of starch and/or lipid content in microalgae, but the accompanying declined photosynthesis hampered the achievements of high concentrations. This review summarized the current knowledge on the pathways and the committed steps as well as their carbon allocation involved in starch and lipid biosynthesis, and focused on the manipulation of different nutrients and the alleviation of oxidative stress for enhanced storage metabolites production. The biological and engineering approaches to cope with the conflict between biomass production and storage metabolites accumulation are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Information Management Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Man Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xianqiu Lan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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19
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Otaki R, Oishi Y, Abe S, Fujiwara S, Sato N. Regulatory carbon metabolism underlying seawater-based promotion of triacylglycerol accumulation in Chlorella kessleri. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121686. [PMID: 31238290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella kessleri accumulates triacylglycerol usable for biodiesel-fuel production to >20% dry cell weight in three days when cultured in three-fold diluted seawater, which imposes the combinatory stress of hyperosmosis and nutrients limitation. The quantitative behavior of major C-compounds, and related-gene expression patterns were investigated in Chlorella cells stressed with hyperosmosis, nutrients limitation, or their combination, to elucidate the C-metabolism for economical seawater-based triacylglycerol accumulation. Combinatory-stress cells showed repressed protein synthesis with initially accumulated starch being degraded later, the C-metabolic flow thereby being diverted to fatty acid and subsequent triacylglycerol accumulation. This C-flow diversion was induced by cooperative actions of nutrients-limitation and hyperosmosis. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis implied positive rewiring of the diverted C-flow into triacylglycerol in combinatory-stress cells through upregulation of gene expression concerning fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis, and starch synthesis and degradation. The information of regulatory C-metabolism will help reinforce the seawater-based triacylglycerol accumulation ability in algae including Chlorella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Otaki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yutaro Oishi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Seiya Abe
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shoko Fujiwara
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sato
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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20
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Dong X, Han B, Zhao Y, Ding W, Yu X. Enhancing biomass, lipid production, and nutrient utilization of the microalga Monoraphidium sp. QLZ-3 in walnut shell extracts supplemented with carbon dioxide. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 287:121419. [PMID: 31078811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising biofuel resource, but their high cost and low productivity hinder their commercial applications. In the present study, Monoraphidium sp. QLZ-3 was cultivated in walnut shell extracts (WSE) supplemented with carbon dioxide (CO2). Biomass was enhanced from 0.40 g L-1 to 1.18 g L-1, and lipid content reached 49.54% in WSE-12% CO2 media. Biomass and lipid productivity reached 196.88 and 97.52 mg L-1 d-1, which were 1.33- and 1.57-fold higher than those of the control, respectively. The amount of carbohydrates increased, but the protein contents decreased. Furthermore, the application of CO2 promoted nutrient and polyphenol absorption and upregulated the expression levels of lipid biosynthetic genes of this WSE-cultivated alga. These results indicated that coupling WSE and CO2 could be an efficient strategy to enhance biofuel production by microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunzan Dong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Benyong Han
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
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21
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Zhang L, Liao C, Yang Y, Wang YZ, Ding K, Huo D, Hou C. Response of lipid biosynthesis in Chlorella pyrenoidosa to intracellular reactive oxygen species level under stress conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 287:121414. [PMID: 31078813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the total lipid content in algal cells under stress conditions is often accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the link between these two events is unclear. In this study, the regulatory mechanism of ROS formation on lipid accumulation in C. pyrenoidosa was investigated using a Fenton-like reaction. A high Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.901 was obtained between the Hydroxyl radical (OH) level and lipid content. Importantly, the increase in the total lipid content was clearly coupled with a significant increase in the intracellular OH concentration rather than increases in the H2O2 and O2- concentrations. Transcriptome data confirms that most of the differential expression genes (DEGs) involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis were up-regulated by the increased OH under stress conditions. These results reveal that lipid accumulation in algal cells was promoted by OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Chunmei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yingwu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Ke Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Changjun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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22
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Zhang B, Ogden K. Nitrogen balances and impacts on the algae cultivation-extraction-digestion-cultivation process. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Zuo Z. Why Algae Release Volatile Organic Compounds-The Emission and Roles. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:491. [PMID: 30915062 PMCID: PMC6423058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released from algae in aquatic ecosystems. Environmental factors such as light, temperature, nutrition conditions and abiotic stresses affect their emission. These VOCs can enhance the resistance to abiotic stresses, transfer information between algae, play allelopathic roles, and protect against predators. For homogeneous algae, the VOCs released from algal cells under stress conditions transfer stress information to other cells, and induce the acceptors to make a preparation for the upcoming stresses. For heterogeneous algae and aquatic macrophytes, the VOCs show allelopathic effects on the heterogeneous neighbors, which benefit to the emitter growth and competing for nutrients. In cyanobacterial VOCs, some compounds such as limonene, eucalyptol, β-cyclocitral, α-ionone, β-ionone and geranylacetone have been detected as the allelopathic agents. In addition, VOCs can protect the emitters from predation by predators. It can be speculated that the emission of VOCs is critical for algae coping with the complicated and changeable aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Rincon SM, Urrego NF, Avila KJ, Romero HM, Beyenal H. Photosynthetic activity assessment in mixotrophically cultured Chlorella vulgaris biofilms at various developmental stages. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Li X, Li W, Zhai J, Wei H, Wang Q. Effect of ammonium nitrogen on microalgal growth, biochemical composition and photosynthetic performance in mixotrophic cultivation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:368-376. [PMID: 30453251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To enhance microalgal growth and optimize ammonium utilization, the effect of ammonium on microalgal growth, biochemical composition and photosynthetic performance were investigated by mixotrophic cultivation of microalga Spirulina platensis comparing with autotrophic cultivation. The results indicated that elevated ammonium significantly affected the microalgal growth, but the microalga in mixotrophic cultivation showed better growth and stronger tolerance to higher ammonium. The microalgal proteins were increased by increasing nitrogen concentration. The synthesis of microalgal carbohydrates was inhibited by higher ammonium, especially in mixotrophic cultivation. The addition of ammonium decreased the microalgal lipids in autotrophic cultivation but increased microalgal lipids in mixotrophic cultivation. Ammonium negatively affected the microalgal photosynthetic performance. The inhibition was intensified by elevated ammonium, inducing stronger photosystem protection mechanism, particularly in mixotrophic cultivation. The rate of ammonium inhibition to the microalgal photosystem was quick in the early stage by decreasing electron transport rate of PS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Li
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Wei Li
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Jun Zhai
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Haoxuan Wei
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Quanfeng Wang
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing 400045, China
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26
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Production of fucoxanthin, chrysolaminarin, and eicosapentaenoic acid by Odontella aurita under different nitrogen supply regimes. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:723-729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Zuo Z, Ni B, Yang L. Production of primary metabolites in Microcystis aeruginosa in regulation of nitrogen limitation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:588-595. [PMID: 30266031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the regulatory effect of nitrogen (N) deficiency on primary metabolites in Microcystis aeruginosa, and promote the utilization of the alga. Low-N and Non-N conditions, especially Non-N, reduced the cell growth and photosynthetic abilities compared to Normal-N, as N deficiency triggered the down-regulation of genes involving in the photosynthetic process. Non-N not changed lipid content, due to no up-regulation of genes that promoted lipid synthesis. Soluble protein content significantly decreased under Non-N, which may result from the declined expression of genes relating to amino acid and histidyl-transfer RNA synthesis. Soluble and insoluble carbohydrate content significantly increased under Non-N, as the expression variation of genes blocked sugar degradation and promoted lipopolysaccharide synthesis. Therefore, M. aeruginosa can be used as the feedstock to produce carbohydrates under N deficiency for bioethanol production, and the remainder lipids after carbohydrate extraction can be used to produce biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Binbin Ni
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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28
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Zhang Q, You Z, Miao X. Variation of fatty acid desaturation in response to different nitrate levels in Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181236. [PMID: 30564413 PMCID: PMC6281909 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are promising feedstocks for biodiesel, where the high proportion of monounsaturated fatty acid such as oleic acid (C18:1) is preferred. To regulate fatty acid desaturation in microalgae, the relationship among nitrate concentration, fatty acid composition and the expression levels of desaturase genes was explored. Dynamic variations of fatty acid profiles suggested nitrate could induce desaturation of C18 fatty acids. The content of C18:1 in Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa was 30.88% at 0 g l-1 nitrate concentration compared with 0.48% at 1.5 g l-1. The expressions of relative delta-9, 12 and 15 fatty acid desaturase genes (Δ9, Δ12 and Δ15FADs) were further investigated. The 330% upregulated expression of Δ9FAD in logarithmic phase at 0 g l-1 resulted in C18:1 accumulation. Moreover, nitrate replenishment caused a sharp reduction of C18:1 from 34.79% to 0.22% and downregulation of Δ9FAD expression to 1% of the nitrate absence level, indicating the pivotal role of Δ9FAD in C18:1 accumulation. Finally, overexpression of Δ9FAD in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in an increase of C18:1, confirming its ability of desaturating C18:0. The results could provide a new approach and scientific guidance for the improvement of biodiesel quality and industrialization of high-valued chemicals by means of metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zaizhi You
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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29
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Light attenuation in photobioreactors and algal pigmentation under different growth conditions – Model identification and complexity assessment. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Zuo Z, Yang L, Chen S, Ye C, Han Y, Wang S, Ma Y. Effects of nitrogen nutrients on the volatile organic compound emissions from Microcystis aeruginosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:214-220. [PMID: 29885617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria release abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can poison other algae and cause water odor. To uncover the effects of nitrogen (N) nutrients on the formation of cyanobacteria VOCs, the cell growth, VOC emission and the expression of genes involving in VOC formation in Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated under different N conditions. With the supplement of NaNO3, NaNO2, NH4Cl, urea, Serine (Ser) and Arginine (Arg) as the sole N source, NaNO3, urea and Arg showed the best effects on M. aeruginosa cell growth, and limited N supply inhibited the cell growth. M. aeruginosa released 26, 25, 23, 27, 23 and 25 compounds, respectively, in response to different N forms, including furans, sulfocompounds, terpenoids, benzenes, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and esters. Low-N especially Non-N condition markedly promoted the VOC emission. Under Non-N condition, four up-regulated genes involving in VOC precursor formation were identified, including the genes of pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme and phosphotransacetylase for terpenoids, the gene of aspartate aminotransferase for benzenes and sulfocompounds. In eutrophic water, cyanobacteria release different VOC blends using various N forms, and the reduction of N amount caused by cyanobacteria massive growth can promote algal VOC emission by up-regulating the gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Silan Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chaolin Ye
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yujie Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Sutong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yuandan Ma
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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31
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Easy reuse of magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of lipase B from Candida antarctica to obtain biodiesel from Chlorella vulgaris lipids. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:451-457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Li X, Li W, Zhai J, Wei H. Effect of nitrogen limitation on biochemical composition and photosynthetic performance for fed-batch mixotrophic cultivation of microalga Spirulina platensis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:555-561. [PMID: 29778794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of nitrogen limitation on microalgal growth, biochemical composition and photosynthetic performance was investigated in fed-batch mixotrophic cultivation of microalga Spirulina platensis, compared with that in autotrophic cultivation. The microalgal biomass productivity was greatly enhanced by mixotrophic cultivation. With nitrogen limitation, the mixotrophic culture accelerated the degradation of microalgal pigments and proteins to supply intracellular nitrogen for maintaining higher biomass productivity, simultaneously accumulating more carbohydrates. The mixotrophic cultivation amplified the adverse effect of nitrogen limitation on the microalgal photosynthetic performance in comparison with autotrophic cultivation. This fed-batch mixotrophic cultivation is an effective strategy for enhancing biomass productivity and total carbohydrates yield under nitrogen limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Li
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Wei Li
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jun Zhai
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Haoxuan Wei
- Chongqing University, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing 400045, China
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33
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Adamakis ID, Lazaridis PA, Terzopoulou E, Torofias S, Valari M, Kalaitzi P, Rousonikolos V, Gkoutzikostas D, Zouboulis A, Zalidis G, Triantafyllidis KS. Cultivation, characterization, and properties of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae with different lipid contents and effect on fast pyrolysis oil composition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23018-23032. [PMID: 29859001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of the effect of nitrogen levels in the cultivation medium of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae grown in photobioreactor (PBR) on biomass productivity, biochemical and elemental composition, fatty acid profile, heating value (HHV), and composition of the algae-derived fast pyrolysis (bio-oil) is presented in this work. A relatively high biomass productivity and cell concentration (1.5 g of dry biomass per liter of cultivation medium and 120 × 106 cells/ml, respectively) were achieved after 30 h of cultivation under N-rich medium. On the other hand, the highest lipid content (ca. 36 wt.% on dry biomass) was obtained under N-depletion cultivation conditions. The medium and low N levels favored also the increased concentration of the saturated and mono-unsaturated C16:0 and C18:1(n-9) fatty acids (FA) in the lipid/oil fraction, thus providing a raw lipid feedstock that can be more efficiently converted to high-quality biodiesel or green diesel (via hydrotreatment). In terms of overall lipid productivity, taking in consideration both the biomass concentration in the medium and the content of lipids on dry biomass, the most effective system was the N-rich one. The thermal (non-catalytic) pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae produced a highly complex bio-oil composition, including fatty acids, phenolics, ethers, ketones, etc., as well as aromatics, alkanes, and nitrogen compounds (pyrroles and amides), originating from the lipid, protein, and carbohydrate fractions of the microalgae. However, the catalytic fast pyrolysis using a highly acidic ZSM-5 zeolite, afforded a bio-oil enriched in mono-aromatics (BTX), reducing at the same time significantly oxygenated compounds such as phenolics, acids, ethers, and ketones. These effects were even more pronounced in the catalytic fast pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris residual biomass (after extraction of lipids), thus showing for the first time the potential of transforming this low value by-product towards high added value platform chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis-Dimosthenis Adamakis
- Laboratory of Applied Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polykarpos A Lazaridis
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Applied Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stylianos Torofias
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Valari
- Laboratory of Applied Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Photeini Kalaitzi
- Laboratory of Applied Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilis Rousonikolos
- Laboratory of Applied Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Gkoutzikostas
- Laboratory of Applied Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Zouboulis
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Georgios Zalidis
- Laboratory of Applied Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos S Triantafyllidis
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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34
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Systems-level analysis of metabolic mechanism following nitrogen limitation in benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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35
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Arora N, Pienkos PT, Pruthi V, Poluri KM, Guarnieri MT. Leveraging algal omics to reveal potential targets for augmenting TAG accumulation. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1274-1292. [PMID: 29678388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global efforts to commercialize microalgal biofuels have expedited the use of multi-omics techniques to gain insights into lipid biosynthetic pathways. Functional genomics analyses have recently been employed to complement existing sequence-level omics studies, shedding light on the dynamics of lipid synthesis and its interplay with other cellular metabolic pathways, thus revealing possible targets for metabolic engineering. Here, we review the current status of algal omics studies to reveal potential targets to augment TAG accumulation in various microalgae. This review specifically aims to examine and catalog systems level data related to stress-induced TAG accumulation in oleaginous microalgae and inform future metabolic engineering strategies to develop strains with enhanced bioproductivity, which could pave a path for sustainable green energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Arora
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Philip T Pienkos
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Michael T Guarnieri
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
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36
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Sarayloo E, Tardu M, Unlu YS, Simsek S, Cevahir G, Erkey C, Kavakli IH. Understanding lipid metabolism in high-lipid-producing Chlorella vulgaris mutants at the genome-wide level. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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37
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MENEGOL T, DIPRAT AB, RODRIGUES E, RECH R. Effect of temperature and nitrogen concentration on biomass composition of Heterochlorella luteoviridis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosane RECH
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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38
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Safdar W, Shamoon M, Zan X, Haider J, Sharif HR, Shoaib M, Song Y. Growth kinetics, fatty acid composition and metabolic activity changes of Crypthecodinium cohnii under different nitrogen source and concentration. AMB Express 2017; 7:85. [PMID: 28429330 PMCID: PMC5399014 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of varying concentrations of the nitrogen source on the growth kinetics, lipid accumulation, lipid and DHA productivity, and fatty acid composition of C. cohnii was elucidated. Growth of C. cohnii was in three distinct growth stages: cell growth, lipid accumulation and a final lipid turnover stage. Most of lipids were accumulated in lipid accumulation stage (48-120 h) though, slow growth rate was observed during this stage. NaNO3 supported significantly higher lipid content (26.9% of DCW), DHA content (0.99 g/L) and DHA yield (44.2 mg/g glucose) which were 2.5 to 3.3-folds higher than other N-sources. The maximum level of C16-C18 content (% TFA) was calculated as 43, 54 and 43% in lipid accumulation stage under low nitrogen (LN, 0.2 g/L), medium nitrogen (MN, 0.8 g/L) and high nitrogen (HN, 1.6 g/L) treatments, respectively. Cultures with LN, by down-regulating cell metabolism, trigger onset of lipogenic enzymes. Conversely, NAD+/NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+/NADP+-ICDH) were less active in LN than HN treatments which resulted in retardation of Kreb's Cycle and thereby divert citrate into cytoplasm as substrate for ATP-citrate lyase (ACL). Thereby, ACL and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were most active in lipid accumulation stage at LN treatments. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was more active than malic enzyme (ME) in lipid accumulation stage and showed higher activities in NaNO3 than other N-sources. This represents that G6PDH contributes more NADPH than ME in C. cohnii. However, G6PDH and ME together seems to play a dual role in offering NADPH for lipid biosynthesis. This concept of ME together with G6PD in offering NADPH for lipogenesis might be novel in this alga and needed to be explored.
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39
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Safdar W, Zan X, Shamoon M, Sharif HR, Mukama O, Tang X, Song Y. Effects of twenty standard amino acids on biochemical constituents, docosahexaenoic acid production and metabolic activity changes of Crypthecodinium cohnii. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:738-743. [PMID: 28433582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of 20 standard amino acids was investigated on growth, lipid accumulation, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production and cell biochemical composition of Crypthecodinium cohnii. C. cohnii efficiently utilize organic nitrogen (predominantly threonine and to a lesser extent tyrosine and serine) as compared to inorganic nitrogen (NH4)2SO4. However, No significant effect was observed on major biochemical composition of C. cohnii (lipids, carbohydrates and proteins) under N limitation or supplementation with different N-sources. Key lipogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, malic enzyme, citrate synthase (CS), NAD+ and NADP+ dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase were shown to be vital in lipogenesis of C. cohnii. Our results indicated that the process of lipid accumulation in C. cohnii is growth-associated and does not depend upon the trigger of nitrogen depletion. This unusual behavior would suggest that the metabolism of the cells may not be entirely the same as in other lipid-accumulating microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Safdar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinyi Zan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Muhammad Shamoon
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hafiz Rizwan Sharif
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Omar Mukama
- State Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuanda Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, PR China.
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40
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41
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Roy AK. In Silico Analysis, Structure Modeling and Phosphorylation Site Prediction of Vitellogenin Protein from Gibelion Catla. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/jabb.2017.03.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Wong YK, Ho YH, Ho KC, Leung HM, Yung KKL. Maximization of cell growth and lipid production of freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris by enrichment technique for biodiesel production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9089-9101. [PMID: 27975198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated under limitation and starvation and under controlled conditions using different concentrations of nitrate (NaNO3) and phosphate (K2HPO4 and KH2PO4) chemicals in modified Bold basal medium (BBM). The biomass and lipid production responses to different media were examined in terms of optical density, cell density, dry biomass, and lipid productivity. In the 12-day batch culture period, the highest biomass productivity obtained was 72.083 mg L-1 day-1 under BBM - NcontrolPlimited condition. The highest lipid content, lipid concentration, and lipid productivity obtained were 53.202 %, 287.291 mg/L, and 23.449 mg L-1 day-1 under BBM - NControlPDeprivation condition, respectively. Nitrogen had a major effect in the biomass concentration of C. vulgaris, while no significant effect was found for phosphorus. Nitrogen and phosphorus starvation was found to be the strategy affecting the lipid accumulation and affected the lipid composition of C. vulgaris cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Wong
- Biology Department, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Center for Research in Environmental Science, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y H Ho
- Center for Research in Environmental Science, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K C Ho
- Center for Research in Environmental Science, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - H M Leung
- Biology Department, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - K K L Yung
- Biology Department, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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43
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Che R, Huang L, Xu JW, Zhao P, Li T, Ma H, Yu X. Effect of fulvic acid induction on the physiology, metabolism, and lipid biosynthesis-related gene transcription of Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 227:324-334. [PMID: 28042988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA) triggers lipid accumulation in Monoraphidium sp. FXY-10, which can produce biofuels. Therefore, the metabolism shift and gene expression changes influenced by fulvic acid should be investigated. In this study, lipid and protein contents increased rapidly from 44.6% to 54.3% and from 31.4% to 39.7% under FA treatment, respectively. By contrast, carbohydrate content sharply declined from 49.5% to 32.5%. The correlation between lipid content and gene expression was also analyzed. Results revealed that accD, ME, and GPAT genes were significantly correlated with lipid accumulation. These genes could likely influence lipid accumulation and could be selected as modification candidates. These results demonstrated that FA significantly increased microalgal lipid accumulation by changing the intracellular reactive oxygen species, gene expression, and enzyme activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, malic enzyme, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoqiong Che
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Chemical Industry, Kunming Metallurgy College, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wei Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Huixian Ma
- School of Foreign Languages, Kunming University, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
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44
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Henard CA, Guarnieri MT, Knoshaug EP. The Chlorella vulgaris S-Nitrosoproteome under Nitrogen-Replete and -Deplete Conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 4:100. [PMID: 28144611 PMCID: PMC5239800 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin A Henard
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, CO , USA
| | - Michael T Guarnieri
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, CO , USA
| | - Eric P Knoshaug
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, CO , USA
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45
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Cheng D, Li D, Yuan Y, Zhou L, Li X, Wu T, Wang L, Zhao Q, Wei W, Sun Y. Improving carbohydrate and starch accumulation in Chlorella sp. AE10 by a novel two-stage process with cell dilution. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:75. [PMID: 28344650 PMCID: PMC5364641 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are highly efficient cellular factories that capture CO2 and are also alternative feedstock for biofuel production. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are major biochemical components in microalgae. Carbohydrates or starch in microalgae are possible substrates in yeast fermentation for biofuel production. The carbon partitioning in microalgae could be regulated through environmental stresses, such as high concentration of CO2, high light intensity, and nitrogen starvation conditions. It is essential to obtain carbohydrate-rich microalgae via an optimal bioprocess strategy. RESULTS The carbohydrate accumulation in a CO2 tolerance strain, Chlorella sp. AE10, was investigated with a two-stage process. The CO2 concentration, light intensity, and initial nitrogen concentration were changed drastically in both stages. During the first stage, it was cultivated over 3 days under 1% CO2, a photon flux of 100 μmol m-2 s-1, and 1.5 g L-1 NaNO3. It was cultivated under 10% CO2, 1000 μmol m-2 s-1, and 0.375 g L-1 NaNO3 during the second stage. In addition, two operation modes were compared. At the beginning of the second stage of mode 2, cells were diluted to 0.1 g L-1 and there was no cell dilution in mode 1. The total carbohydrate productivity of mode 2 was increased about 42% compared with that of mode 1. The highest total carbohydrate content and the highest starch content of mode 2 were 77.6% (DW) and 60.3% (DW) at day 5, respectively. The starch productivity was 0.311 g L-1 day-1 and the total carbohydrate productivity was 0.421 g L-1 day-1 in 6 days. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a novel two-stage process was proposed for improving carbohydrate and starch accumulation in Chlorella sp. AE10. Despite cell dilution at the beginning of the second stage, environmental stress conditions of high concentration of CO2, high light intensity, and limited nitrogen concentration at the second stage were critical for carbohydrate and starch accumulation. Although the cells were diluted, the growths were not inhibited and the carbohydrate productivity was improved. These results were helpful to establish an integrated approach from CO2 capture to biofuel production by microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujia Cheng
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
- ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Dengjin Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Yizhong Yuan
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
- ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Xuyang Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Tong Wu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Liang Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Quanyu Zhao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
- ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Wei Wei
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
- ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
- ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
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Allen JW, DiRusso CC, Black PN. Carbon and Acyl Chain Flux during Stress-induced Triglyceride Accumulation by Stable Isotopic Labeling of the Polar Microalga Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C169. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:361-374. [PMID: 27903654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.760843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deriving biofuels and other lipoid products from algae is a promising future technology directly addressing global issues of atmospheric CO2 balance. To better understand the metabolism of triglyceride synthesis in algae, we examined their metabolic origins in the model species, Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C169, using stable isotopic labeling. Labeling patterns arising from [U-13C]glucose, 13CO2, or D2O supplementation were analyzed by GC-MS and/or LC-MS over time courses during nitrogen starvation to address the roles of catabolic carbon recycling, acyl chain redistribution, and de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis during the expansion of the lipid bodies. The metabolic origin of stress-induced triglyceride was found to be a continuous 8:2 ratio between de novo synthesized FA and acyl chain transfer from pre-stressed membrane lipids with little input from lipid remodeling. Membrane lipids were continually synthesized with associated acyl chain editing during nitrogen stress, in contrast to an overall decrease in total membrane lipid. The incorporation rates of de novo synthesized FA into lipid classes were measured over a time course of nitrogen starvation. The synthesis of triglycerides, phospholipids, and galactolipids followed a two-stage pattern where nitrogen starvation resulted in a 2.5-fold increase followed by a gradual decline. Acyl chain flux into membrane lipids was dominant in the first stage followed by triglycerides. These data indicate that the level of metabolic control that determines acyl chain flux between membrane lipids and triglycerides during nitrogen stress relies primarily on the Kennedy pathway and de novo FA synthesis with limited, defined input from acyl editing reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Allen
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0664
| | - Concetta C DiRusso
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0664
| | - Paul N Black
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0664
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Tan KWM, Lin H, Shen H, Lee YK. Nitrogen-induced metabolic changes and molecular determinants of carbon allocation in Dunaliella tertiolecta. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37235. [PMID: 27849022 PMCID: PMC5110973 DOI: 10.1038/srep37235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain species of microalgae are natural accumulators of lipids, while others are more inclined to store starch. However, what governs the preference to store lipids or starch is not well understood. In this study, the microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta was used as a model to study the global gene expression profile regulating starch accumulation in microalgae. D. tertiolecta, when depleted of nitrogen, produced only 1% of dry cell weight (DCW) in neutral lipids, while starch was rapidly accumulated up to 46% DCW. The increased in starch content was accompanied by a coordinated overexpression of genes shunting carbon towards starch synthesis, a response not seen in the oleaginous microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii or Chlorella vulgaris. Genes in the central carbon metabolism pathways, particularly those of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were also simultaneously upregulated, indicating a robust interchange of carbon skeletons for anabolic and catabolic processes. In contrast, fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis genes were downregulated or unchanged, suggesting that lipids are not a preferred form of storage in these cells. This study reveals the transcriptomic influence behind storage reserve allocation in D. tertiolecta and provides valuable insights into the possible manipulation of genes for engineering microorganisms to synthesize products of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wei Min Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Huixin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Yuan Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117545, Singapore
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Chen L, Zhang L, Liu T. Concurrent production of carotenoids and lipid by a filamentous microalga Trentepohlia arborum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:567-573. [PMID: 27179952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
During the study of Trentepohlia arborum it became clear that its cells are rich in lipids and carotenoids. Thus, lipid content, composition and fatty acids profiles in individual lipid classes, as well as pigment profiles, responding to different culture conditions, were further investigated. The results showed that the predominant carotenoids and lipid fraction in total lipid in this study was β-carotene and TAG, respectively. The lipid content increased significantly under high light while nitrogen-replete conditions induced the highest carotenoids content. However, only with a double stress of high light and nitrogen-deficiency it was possible to maximize the productivities of both carotenoids and lipids. Carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) accounted for ca. 5% of the microalgal lipid under the double stress. Data herein show the potential of T. arborum for the production of both lipids and carotenoids, and hence provide an appropriate way to produce different products from T. arborum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People's Republic of China.
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Shen XF, Liu JJ, Chauhan AS, Hu H, Ma LL, Lam PK, Zeng RJ. Combining nitrogen starvation with sufficient phosphorus supply for enhanced biodiesel productivity of Chlorella vulgaris fed on acetate. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Han F, Pei H, Hu W, Zhang S, Han L, Ma G. The feasibility of ultrasonic stimulation on microalgae for efficient lipid accumulation at the end of the logarithmic phase. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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