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Yuan Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Qin X. POLR1D silencing suppresses lung cancer cells proliferation and migration via inhibition of PI3K-Akt pathway. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:322. [PMID: 38844975 PMCID: PMC11155163 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The most common type of cancer that leads to death worldwide is lung cancer. Despite significant surgery and chemotherapy improvements, lung cancer patient's survival rate is still poor. The RNA polymerase I subunit D (POLR1D) gene can induce various cancers. A current study reported that POLR1D plays a vital role in cancer prognosis. However, its biological function in the development of lung cancer remains unclear. METHODS Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) measured the relative POLR1D protein expression level in lung cancer cell lines. Lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were analyzed by performing cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and transwell. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway-related protein expressions were examined by Western blotting assay. RESULTS POLR1D protein expression was elevated in lung cancer. Lung cancer cell loss-of-function tests showed that POLR1D silencing could attenuate cell viability both in SK-MES-1 and in H2170 cells. Furthermore, silencing POLR1D inhibited SK-MES-1 and H2170 cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, SK-MES-1 and H2170 cells' migration and invasion capacity were potentially suppressed by the knockdown of POLR1D. The progression of multiple cancers has been implicated in the PI3K/AKT pathway. Here, we observed that POLR1D silencing suppressed lung cancer progression by inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway. CONCLUSIONS The study speculated that POLR1D might provide a new potential therapeutic possibility for treating lung cancer patients via targeting PI3K/AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhize Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, No. 507, Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, No. 507, Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiong Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, No. 507, Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Jiang B, Zheng J, Yao H, Wang Y, Song F, Huang C. IRX5 suppresses osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by inhibiting protein synthesis. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31286. [PMID: 38666481 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In our previous study, IRX5 has been revealed a significant role in adipogenesis of hBMSCs. Considering the expansion of adipose tissue in bone marrow in aged and ovariectomy-related osteoporosis, the effect of IRX5 on the osteogenesis of BMSCs still needs to be elucidated. In vivo, models of aging-induced and ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic mice, and in vitro studies of IRX5 gene gain- and loss-of-function in hBMSCs were employed. Histology, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the functions of IRX5 in hBMSCs osteogenic differentiation. RNA-seq, transmission electron microscopy, Seahorse mito-stress assay, and Surface Sensing of Translation assay were conducted to explore the effect of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated ribosomal translation and mitochondrial functions in the regulation of hBMSCs differentiation by IRX5. As a result, elevated IRX5 protein expression levels were observed in the bone marrow of osteoporotic mice compared to normal mice. IRX5 overexpression attenuated osteogenic processes, whereas IRX5 knockdown resulted in enhanced osteogenesis in hBMSCs. RNA-seq and enrichment analysis unveiled that IRX5 overexpression exerted inhibitory effects on ribosomal translation and mitochondrial functions. Furthermore, the application of the mTOR activator, MHY1485, effectively reversed the inhibitory impact of IRX5 on osteogenesis and mitochondrial functions in hBMSCs. In summary, our findings suggest that IRX5 restricts mTOR-mediated ribosomal translation, consequently impairing mitochondrial OxPhos, which in turn results in osteogenic dysfunction of hBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiqi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Hantao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Yake Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Cui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
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Luo B, Jiang Q. Effect of RNA-binding proteins on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:383-392. [PMID: 37072640 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration mediated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an ideal way to repair bone defects. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can affect cell function through post-transcriptional regulation. Exploring the role of RBPs in the process of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is helpful to find a key method to promote the osteogenic efficiency of BMSCs. By reviewing the literature, we obtained a differentially expressed mRNA dataset during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and a human RBP dataset. A total of 82 differentially expressed RBPs in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs were screened by intersection of the two datasets. Functional analysis showed that the differentially expressed RBPs were mainly involved in RNA transcription, translation and degradation through the formation of spliceosomes and ribonucleoprotein complexes. The top 15 RBPs determined by degree score were FBL, NOP58, DDX10, RPL9, SNRPD3, NCL, IFIH1, RPL18A, NAT10, EXOSC5, ALYREF, PA2G4, EIF5B, SNRPD1 and EIF6. The results of this study demonstrate that the expression of many RBPs changed during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 4 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Zhang Y, Kong Y, Zhang W, He J, Zhang Z, Cai Y, Zhao Y, Xu Q. METTL3 promotes osteoblast ribosome biogenesis and alleviates periodontitis. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:18. [PMID: 38267969 PMCID: PMC10809637 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a highly prevalent oral disease characterized by bacterium-induced periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone destruction. Osteoblast function is impaired in periodontitis with a global proteome change. METTL3 is the pivotal methyltransferase of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) that is recently proved to exert a crucial role in osteoblast differentiation. This study aims to investigate the role of METTL3 in osteoblast ribosome biogenesis in periodontitis progression. RESULTS METTL3 was knocked down in osteoblasts, and the downregulated genes were enriched in ribosome and translation. METTL3 knockdown inhibited ribosome biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated osteoblasts, whereas METTL3 overexpression facilitated ribosomal and mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, METTL3 mediated osteoblast biological behaviors by activating Wnt/β-catenin/c-Myc signaling. METTL3 depletion enhanced the mRNA expression and stability of Dkk3 and Sostdc1 via YTHDF2. In periodontitis mice, METTL3 inhibitor SAH promoted alveolar bone loss and local inflammatory status, which were partially rescued by Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator CHIR-99021 HCl. CONCLUSIONS METTL3 promoted ribosome biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation by activating Wnt/β-catenin/c-Myc signaling in LPS-treated osteoblasts and alleviated the inflammatory alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yiping Kong
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Jinlin He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Zhanqi Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yongjie Cai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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Shi M, Huang K, Wei J, Wang S, Yang W, Wang H, Li Y. Identification and Validation of a Prognostic Signature Derived from the Cancer Stem Cells for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1031. [PMID: 38256104 PMCID: PMC10816075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The progression and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are highly influenced by cancer stem cells (CSCs) due to their unique self-renewal and plasticity. In this study, data were obtained from a single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset (GSE172577) in the GEO database, and LASSO-Cox regression analysis was performed on 1344 CSCs-related genes to establish a six-gene prognostic signature (6-GPS) consisting of ADM, POLR1D, PTGR1, RPL35A, PGK1, and P4HA1. High-risk scores were significantly associated with unfavorable survival outcomes, and these features were thoroughly validated in the ICGC. The results of nomograms, calibration plots, and ROC curves confirmed the good prognostic accuracy of 6-GPS for OSCC. Additionally, the knockdown of ADM or POLR1D genes may significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells through the JAK/HIF-1 pathway. Furthermore, cell-cycle arrest occurred in the G1 phase by suppressing Cyclin D1. In summary, 6-GPS may play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of OSCC and has the potential to be developed further as a diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic tool for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weijia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Huihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
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Jacob P, Lindelöf H, Rustad CF, Sutton VR, Moosa S, Udupa P, Hammarsjö A, Bhavani GS, Batkovskyte D, Tveten K, Dalal A, Horemuzova E, Nordgren A, Tham E, Shah H, Merckoll E, Orellana L, Nishimura G, Girisha KM, Grigelioniene G. Clinical, genetic and structural delineation of RPL13-related spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia suggest extra-ribosomal functions of eL13. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:39. [PMID: 37993442 PMCID: PMC10665555 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with severe short stature, RPL13-related (SEMD-RPL13), MIM#618728), is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by short stature and skeletal changes such as mild spondylar and epimetaphyseal dysplasia affecting primarily the lower limbs. The genetic cause was first reported in 2019 by Le Caignec et al., and six disease-causing variants in the gene coding for a ribosomal protein, RPL13 (NM_000977.3) have been identified to date. This study presents clinical and radiographic data from 12 affected individuals aged 2-64 years from seven unrelated families, showing highly variable manifestations. The affected individuals showed a range from mild to severe short stature, retaining the same radiographic pattern of spondylar- and epi-metaphyseal dysplasia, but with varying severity of the hip and knee deformities. Two new missense variants, c.548 G>A, p.(Arg183His) and c.569 G>T, p.(Arg190Leu), and a previously known splice variant c.477+1G>A were identified, confirming mutational clustering in a highly specific RNA binding motif. Structural analysis and interpretation of the variants' impact on the protein suggests that disruption of extra-ribosomal functions of the protein through binding of mRNA may play a role in the skeletal phenotype of SEMD-RPL13. In addition, we present gonadal and somatic mosaicism for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Jacob
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Hillevi Lindelöf
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilie F Rustad
- Department of Medial Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vernon Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shahida Moosa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Medical Genetics, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Prajna Udupa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anna Hammarsjö
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gandham SriLakshmi Bhavani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Dominyka Batkovskyte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Tveten
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway
| | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Eva Horemuzova
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hitesh Shah
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Else Merckoll
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Orellana
- Protein Dynamics and Mutation lab, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Musashino-Yowakai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Liu S, Lu H, Mao S, Zhang Z, Zhu W, Cheng J, Xue Y. Undernutrition-induced substance metabolism and energy production disorders affected the structure and function of the pituitary gland in a pregnant sheep model. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1251936. [PMID: 38035344 PMCID: PMC10684748 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1251936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Undernutrition spontaneously occurs in ewes during late gestation and the pituitary is an important hinge in the neurohumoral regulatory system. However, little is known about the effect of undernutrition on pituitary metabolism. Methods Here, 10 multiparous ewes were restricted to a 30% feeding level during late gestation to establish an undernutrition model while another 10 ewes were fed normally as controls. All the ewes were sacrificed, and pituitary samples were collected to perform transcriptome, metabolome, and quantitative real-time PCR analysis and investigate the metabolic changes. Results PCA and PLS-DA of total genes showed that undernutrition changed the total transcriptome profile of the pituitary gland, and 581 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two groups. Clusters of orthologous groups for eukaryotic complete genomes demonstrated that substance transport and metabolism, including lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids, energy production and conversion, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, and the cytoskeleton were enriched by DEGs. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis displayed that the phagosome, intestinal immune network, and oxidative phosphorylation were enriched by DEGs. Further analysis found that undernutrition enhanced the lipid degradation and amino acid transport, repressing lipid synthesis and transport and amino acid degradation of the pituitary gland. Moreover, the general metabolic profiles and metabolic pathways were affected by undernutrition, repressing the 60S, 40S, 28S, and 39S subunits of the ribosomal structure for translation and myosin and actin synthesis for cytoskeleton. Undernutrition was found also to be implicated in the suppression of oxidative phosphorylation for energy production and conversion into a downregulation of genes related to T cell function and the immune response and an upregulation of genes involved in inflammatory reactions enriching phagosomes. Discussion This study comprehensively analyses the effect of undernutrition on the pituitary gland in a pregnant sheep model, which provides a foundation for further research into the mechanisms of undernutrition-caused hormone secretion and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Huizhen Lu
- Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanfeng Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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8
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Remmelzwaal PC, Verhagen MV, Jongbloed JDH, van den Akker PC, Veenstra-Knol HE, Hitzert MM. Expanding the phenotype of anauxetic dysplasia caused by biallelic NEPRO mutations: A case report. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2440-2445. [PMID: 37294112 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cartilage hair hypoplasia and anauxetic dysplasia (CHH-AD) spectrum encompasses a group of rare skeletal disorders, with anauxetic dysplasia (ANXD) at the most severe end of the spectrum. Biallelic variants in RMRP, POP1, and NEPRO (C3orf17) have previously been associated with the three currently recognized ANXD types. Generally, all types are characterized by severe short stature, brachydactyly, skin laxity, joint hypermobility and dislocations, and extensive skeletal abnormalities visible on radiological evaluation. Thus far, only five patients with type 3 anauxetic dysplasia (ANXD3) have been reported. Here, we describe one additional ANXD3 patient. We provide a detailed physical and radiological evaluation of this patient, in whom we identified a homozygous variant, c.280C > T, p.(Arg94Cys), in NEPRO. Our patient presented with clinically relevant features not previously described in ANXD3: atlantoaxial subluxation, extensive dental anomalies, and a sagittal suture craniosynostosis resulting in scaphocephaly. We provide an overview of the literature on ANXD3 and discuss our patient's characteristics in the context of previously described patients. This study expands the phenotypic spectrum of ANXD, particularly ANXD3. Greater awareness of the possibility of atlantoaxial subluxation, dental anomalies, and craniosynostosis may lead to more timely diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Christian Remmelzwaal
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn V Verhagen
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan D H Jongbloed
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C van den Akker
- Department of Genetics, Groningen Expertise Center for Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermine E Veenstra-Knol
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marrit M Hitzert
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Iskander D, Roy NBA, Payne E, Drasar E, Hennessy K, Harrington Y, Christodoulidou C, Karadimitris A, Batkin L, de la Fuente J. Diamond-Blackfan anemia in adults: In pursuit of a common approach for a rare disease. Blood Rev 2023; 61:101097. [PMID: 37263874 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare bone marrow failure syndrome, usually caused by loss-of function variants in genes encoding ribosomal proteins. The hallmarks of DBA are anemia, congenital anomalies and cancer predisposition. Although DBA usually presents in childhood, the prevalence in later life is increasing due to an expanding repertoire of implicated genes, improvements in genetic diagnosis and increasing life expectancy. Adult patients uniquely suffer the manifestations of end-organ damage caused by the disease and its treatment, and transition to adulthood poses specific issues in disease management. To standardize and optimize care for this rare disease, in this review we provide updated guidance on the diagnosis and management of DBA, with a specific focus on older adolescents and adults. Recommendations are based upon published literature and our pooled clinical experience from three centres in the United Kingdom (U·K.). Uniquely we have also solicited and incorporated the views of affected families, represented by the independent patient organization, DBA U.K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Iskander
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Noémi B A Roy
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Elspeth Payne
- UCL Cancer Institute, Dept of Hematology, London WC1 E6BT, UK; Dept of Hematology, University College Hospital London, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Emma Drasar
- Whittington Health NHS Trust and University College Hospital London, N19 5NF, UK
| | - Kelly Hennessy
- Department of Paediatrics, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Yvonne Harrington
- Department of Paediatrics, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Chrysi Christodoulidou
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anastasios Karadimitris
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Leisa Batkin
- DBA, UK 71-73 Main Street, Palterton, Chesterfield, S44 6UR, UK
| | - Josu de la Fuente
- Department of Paediatrics, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK.
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10
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Dash S, Lamb MC, Lange JJ, McKinney MC, Tsuchiya D, Guo F, Zhao X, Corbin TJ, Kirkman M, Delventhal K, Moore EL, McKinney S, Shiang R, Trainor PA. rRNA transcription is integral to phase separation and maintenance of nucleolar structure. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010854. [PMID: 37639467 PMCID: PMC10513380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) by RNA Polymerase (Pol) I in the nucleolus is necessary for ribosome biogenesis, which is intimately tied to cell growth and proliferation. Perturbation of ribosome biogenesis results in tissue specific disorders termed ribosomopathies in association with alterations in nucleolar structure. However, how rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis regulate nucleolar structure during normal development and in the pathogenesis of disease remains poorly understood. Here we show that homozygous null mutations in Pol I subunits required for rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis lead to preimplantation lethality. Moreover, we discovered that Polr1a-/-, Polr1b-/-, Polr1c-/- and Polr1d-/- mutants exhibit defects in the structure of their nucleoli, as evidenced by a decrease in number of nucleolar precursor bodies and a concomitant increase in nucleolar volume, which results in a single condensed nucleolus. Pharmacological inhibition of Pol I in preimplantation and midgestation embryos, as well as in hiPSCs, similarly results in a single condensed nucleolus or fragmented nucleoli. We find that when Pol I function and rRNA transcription is inhibited, the viscosity of the granular compartment of the nucleolus increases, which disrupts its phase separation properties, leading to a single condensed nucleolus. However, if a cell progresses through mitosis, the absence of rRNA transcription prevents reassembly of the nucleolus and manifests as fragmented nucleoli. Taken together, our data suggests that Pol I function and rRNA transcription are required for maintaining nucleolar structure and integrity during development and in the pathogenesis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Dash
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Maureen C. Lamb
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Lange
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mary C. McKinney
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Dai Tsuchiya
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Fengli Guo
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Xia Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Corbin
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - MaryEllen Kirkman
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kym Delventhal
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Moore
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sean McKinney
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rita Shiang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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11
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Guo L, Salian S, Xue JY, Rath N, Rousseau J, Kim H, Ehresmann S, Moosa S, Nakagawa N, Kuroda H, Clayton-Smith J, Wang J, Wang Z, Banka S, Jackson A, Zhang YM, Wei ZJ, Hüning I, Brunet T, Ohashi H, Thomas MF, Bupp C, Miyake N, Matsumoto N, Mendoza-Londono R, Costain G, Hahn G, Di Donato N, Yigit G, Yamada T, Nishimura G, Ansel KM, Wollnik B, Hrabě de Angelis M, Mégarbané A, Rosenfeld JA, Heissmeyer V, Ikegawa S, Campeau PM. Null and missense mutations of ERI1 cause a recessive phenotypic dichotomy in humans. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1068-1085. [PMID: 37352860 PMCID: PMC10357479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ERI1 is a 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease involved in RNA metabolic pathways including 5.8S rRNA processing and turnover of histone mRNAs. Its biological and medical significance remain unclear. Here, we uncover a phenotypic dichotomy associated with bi-allelic ERI1 variants by reporting eight affected individuals from seven unrelated families. A severe spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) was identified in five affected individuals with missense variants but not in those with bi-allelic null variants, who showed mild intellectual disability and digital anomalies. The ERI1 missense variants cause a loss of the exoribonuclease activity, leading to defective trimming of the 5.8S rRNA 3' end and a decreased degradation of replication-dependent histone mRNAs. Affected-individual-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) showed impaired in vitro chondrogenesis with downregulation of genes regulating skeletal patterning. Our study establishes an entity previously unreported in OMIM and provides a model showing a more severe effect of missense alleles than null alleles within recessive genotypes, suggesting a key role of ERI1-mediated RNA metabolism in human skeletal patterning and chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Guo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Center of Medical Genetics, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, the Affiliated Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710003, China.
| | - Smrithi Salian
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jing-Yi Xue
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Nicola Rath
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Justine Rousseau
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Hyunyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sophie Ehresmann
- Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Shahida Moosa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University and Medical Genetics, Tygerberg Hospital, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Norio Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto 604-8845, Japan
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, M13 9WL Manchester, UK; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, M13 9WL Manchester, UK; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Jackson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, M13 9WL Manchester, UK; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Yan-Min Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710082, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Wei
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Irina Hüning
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Theresa Brunet
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany; Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Hospital, Saitama 330-8777, Japan
| | - Molly F Thomas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Caleb Bupp
- Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Roberto Mendoza-Londono
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Gregory Costain
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Gabriele Hahn
- Institute for Radiological Diagnostics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nataliya Di Donato
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Medical Ethics and Medical Genetics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - André Mégarbané
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, 1102-2801, Lebanon and Institut Jerome Lejeune, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Vigo Heissmeyer
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
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12
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Janssen JN, Kalev-Altman R, Shalit T, Sela-Donenfeld D, Monsonego-Ornan E. Differential gene expression in the calvarial and cortical bone of juvenile female mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1127536. [PMID: 37378024 PMCID: PMC10291685 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1127536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both the calvarial and the cortical bones develop through intramembranous ossification, yet they have very different structures and functions. The calvaria enables the rapid while protected growth of the brain, whereas the cortical bone takes part in locomotion. Both types of bones undergo extensive modeling during embryonic and post-natal growth, while bone remodeling is the most dominant process in adults. Their shared formation mechanism and their highly distinct functions raise the fundamental question of how similar or diverse the molecular pathways that act in each bone type are. Methods To answer this question, we aimed to compare the transcriptomes of calvaria and cortices from 21-day old mice by bulk RNA-Seq analysis. Results The results revealed clear differences in expression levels of genes related to bone pathologies, craniosynostosis, mechanical loading and bone-relevant signaling pathways like WNT and IHH, emphasizing the functional differences between these bones. We further discussed the less expected candidate genes and gene sets in the context of bone. Finally, we compared differences between juvenile and mature bone, highlighting commonalities and dissimilarities of gene expression between calvaria and cortices during post-natal bone growth and adult bone remodeling. Discussion Altogether, this study revealed significant differences between the transcriptome of calvaria and cortical bones in juvenile female mice, highlighting the most important pathway mediators for the development and function of two different bone types that originate both through intramembranous ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Nicolas Janssen
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rotem Kalev-Altman
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Shalit
- The Ilana and Pascal Mantoux Institute for Bioinformatics, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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13
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Díaz-González F, Parrón-Pajares M, Lucas-Castro E, Modamio-HØybjØr S, Sentchordi-Montané L, Seidel V, Prieto P, Tarraso-Urios G, Codina-Sola M, Cueto-González AM, Ballesta-Martínez MJ, Santos-Simarro F, Sousa SB, Heath KE. Evolution of clinical and radiological presentations of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, RPL13-related: Description of 11 further cases. Clin Genet 2023. [PMID: 37121912 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD), RPL13-related is caused by heterozygous variants in RPL13, which encodes the ribosomal protein eL13, a component of the 60S human ribosomal subunit. Here, we describe the clinical and radiological evolution of 11 individuals, 7 children and 4 adults, from 6 families. Some of the skeletal features improved during the course of this condition, whilst others worsened. We describe for the first time "corner fractures" as a feature of this dysplasia which as with other dysplasias disappear with age. In addition, we review the heights and skeletal anomalies of these reported here and previously in a total of 25 individuals from 15 families. In this study, six different RPL13 variants were identified, five of which were novel. All were located in the apparently hotspot region, located in intron 5 and exon 6. Splicing assays were performed for two of the three previously undescribed splicing variants. Until now, all splice variants have occurred in the intron 5 splice donor site, incorporating an additional 18 amino acids to the mutant protein. Here, we report the first variant in intron 5 splice acceptor site which generates two aberrant transcripts, deleting the first three and four amino acids encoded by exon 6. Thus, this study doubles the number of SEMD-RPL13-related cases and variants reported to date and describes unreported age-related clinical and radiological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Díaz-González
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, UMA, Madrid, Spain
- Skeletal dysplasia multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
- European Research Network on Rare BONe Disorders (ERN-BOND)
| | - Manuel Parrón-Pajares
- Skeletal dysplasia multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
- European Research Network on Rare BONe Disorders (ERN-BOND)
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elsa Lucas-Castro
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, UMA, Madrid, Spain
- Skeletal dysplasia multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
- European Research Network on Rare BONe Disorders (ERN-BOND)
| | - Silvia Modamio-HØybjØr
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, UMA, Madrid, Spain
- Skeletal dysplasia multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
- European Research Network on Rare BONe Disorders (ERN-BOND)
| | - Lucia Sentchordi-Montané
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Seidel
- Clinical Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Prieto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Clínico Salamanca and Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Guillermo Tarraso-Urios
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Codina-Sola
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M Cueto-González
- European Research Network on Rare BONe Disorders (ERN-BOND)
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mary J Ballesta-Martínez
- European Research Network on Rare BONe Disorders (ERN-BOND)
- Medical Genetics Section, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, UMA, Madrid, Spain
- Skeletal dysplasia multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
- European Research Network on Rare BONe Disorders (ERN-BOND)
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular diagnostics & Clinical Genetics, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sergio B Sousa
- European Research Network on Rare BONe Disorders (ERN-BOND)
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar & Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Karen E Heath
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, UMA, Madrid, Spain
- Skeletal dysplasia multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario la Paz, Madrid, Spain
- European Research Network on Rare BONe Disorders (ERN-BOND)
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Watt KE, Macintosh J, Bernard G, Trainor PA. RNA Polymerases I and III in development and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 136:49-63. [PMID: 35422389 PMCID: PMC9550887 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines that are globally required for the translation of all proteins in all cells. Ribosome biogenesis, which is essential for cell growth, proliferation and survival, commences with transcription of a variety of RNAs by RNA Polymerases I and III. RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes ribosomal RNA (rRNA), while RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes 5S ribosomal RNA and transfer RNAs (tRNA) in addition to a wide variety of small non-coding RNAs. Interestingly, despite their global importance, disruptions in Pol I and Pol III function result in tissue-specific developmental disorders, with craniofacial anomalies and leukodystrophy/neurodegenerative disease being among the most prevalent. Furthermore, pathogenic variants in genes encoding subunits shared between Pol I and Pol III give rise to distinct syndromes depending on whether Pol I or Pol III function is disrupted. In this review, we discuss the global roles of Pol I and III transcription, the consequences of disruptions in Pol I and III transcription, disorders arising from pathogenic variants in Pol I and Pol III subunits, and mechanisms underpinning their tissue-specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin En Watt
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Julia Macintosh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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15
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Denervation during mandibular distraction osteogenesis results in impaired bone formation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2097. [PMID: 36747028 PMCID: PMC9902545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) is mediated by skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in mice, which enact bone regeneration via neural crest re-activation. As peripheral nerves are essential to progenitor function during development and in response to injury, we questioned if denervation impairs mandibular DO. C57Bl6 mice were divided into two groups: DO with a segmental defect in the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) at the time of mandibular osteotomy ("DO Den") and DO with IAN intact ("DO Inn"). DO Den demonstrated significantly reduced histological and radiological osteogenesis relative to DO Inn. Denervation preceding DO results in reduced SSC amplification and osteogenic potential in mice. Single cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that there was a predominance of innervated SSCs in clusters dominated by pathways related to bone formation. A rare human patient specimen was also analyzed and suggested that histological, radiological, and transcriptional alterations seen in mouse DO may be conserved in the setting of denervated human mandible distraction. Fibromodulin (FMOD) transcriptional and protein expression were reduced in denervated relative to innervated mouse and human mandible regenerate. Finally, when exogenous FMOD was added to DO-Den and DO-Inn SSCs undergoing in vitro osteogenic differentiation, the osteogenic potential of DO-Den SSCs was increased in comparison to control untreated DO-Den SSCs, modeling the superior osteogenic potential of DO-Inn SSCs.
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16
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Transcriptome Profiling of the Liver in Nellore Cattle Phenotypically Divergent for RFI in Two Genetic Groups. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030359. [PMID: 36766249 PMCID: PMC9913155 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and selection of genetically superior animals for residual feed intake (RFI) could enhance productivity and minimize environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to use RNA-seq data to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), known non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specific biomarkers and enriched biological processes associated with RFI of the liver in Nellore cattle in two genetic groups. In genetic group 1 (G1), 24 extreme RFI animals (12 low RFI (LRFI) versus 12 high RFI (HRFI)) were selected from a population of 60 Nellore bulls. The RNA-seq of the samples from their liver tissues was performed using an Illumina HiSeq 2000. In genetic group 2 (G2), 20 samples of liver tissue of Nellore bulls divergent for RFI (LRFI, n = 10 versus HRFI, n = 10) were selected from 83 animals. The raw data of the G2 were chosen from the ENA repository. A total of 1811 DEGs were found for the G1 and 2054 for the G2 (p-value ≤ 0.05). We detected 88 common genes in both genetic groups, of which 33 were involved in the immune response and in blocking oxidative stress. In addition, seven (B2M, ADSS, SNX2, TUBA4A, ARHGAP18, MECR, and ABCF3) possible gene biomarkers were identified through a receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) considering an AUC > 0.70. The B2M gene was overexpressed in the LRFI group. This gene regulates the lipid metabolism protein turnover and inhibits cell death. We also found non-coding RNAs in both groups. MIR25 was up-regulated and SNORD16 was down-regulated in the LRFI for G1. For G2, up-regulated RNase_MRP and SCARNA10 were found. We highlight MIR25 as being able to act by blocking cytotoxicity and oxidative stress and RMRP as a blocker of mitochondrial damage. The biological pathways associated with RFI of the liver in Nellore cattle in the two genetic groups were for energy metabolism, protein turnover, redox homeostasis and the immune response. The common transcripts, biomarkers and metabolic pathways found in the two genetic groups make this unprecedented work even more relevant, since the results are valid for different herds raised in different ways. The results reinforce the biological importance of these known processes but also reveal new insights into the complexity of the liver tissue transcriptome of Nellore cattle.
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17
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Comerford SA, Hinnant EA, Chen Y, Hammer RE. Hepatic ribosomal protein S6 (Rps6) insufficiency results in failed bile duct development and loss of hepatocyte viability; a ribosomopathy-like phenotype that is partially p53-dependent. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010595. [PMID: 36656901 PMCID: PMC9888725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) underlies a group of clinically diverse human diseases collectively known as the ribosomopathies, core manifestations of which include cytopenias and developmental abnormalities that are believed to stem primarily from an inability to synthesize adequate numbers of ribosomes and concomitant activation of p53. The importance of a correctly functioning RiBi machinery for maintaining tissue homeostasis is illustrated by the observation that, despite having a paucity of certain cell types in early life, ribosomopathy patients have an increased risk for developing cancer later in life. This suggests that hypoproliferative states trigger adaptive responses that can, over time, become maladaptive and inadvertently drive unchecked hyperproliferation and predispose to cancer. Here we describe an experimentally induced ribosomopathy in the mouse and show that a normal level of hepatic ribosomal protein S6 (Rps6) is required for proper bile duct development and preservation of hepatocyte viability and that its insufficiency later promotes overgrowth and predisposes to liver cancer which is accelerated in the absence of the tumor-suppressor PTEN. We also show that the overexpression of c-Myc in the liver ameliorates, while expression of a mutant hyperstable form of p53 partially recapitulates specific aspects of the hepatopathies induced by Rps6 deletion. Surprisingly, co-deletion of p53 in the Rps6-deficient background fails to restore biliary development or significantly improve hepatic function. This study not only reveals a previously unappreciated dependence of the developing liver on adequate levels of Rps6 and exquisitely controlled p53 signaling, but suggests that the increased cancer risk in ribosomopathy patients may, in part, stem from an inability to preserve normal tissue homeostasis in the face of chronic injury and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Comerford
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Hinnant
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. United States of America
| | - Robert E. Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Falcon KT, Watt KEN, Dash S, Zhao R, Sakai D, Moore EL, Fitriasari S, Childers M, Sardiu ME, Swanson S, Tsuchiya D, Unruh J, Bugarinovic G, Li L, Shiang R, Achilleos A, Dixon J, Dixon MJ, Trainor PA. Dynamic regulation and requirement for ribosomal RNA transcription during mammalian development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116974119. [PMID: 35881792 PMCID: PMC9351356 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116974119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is a critical rate-limiting step in ribosome biogenesis, which is essential for cell survival. Despite its global function, disruptions in ribosome biogenesis cause tissue-specific birth defects called ribosomopathies, which frequently affect craniofacial development. Here, we describe a cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the susceptibility of craniofacial development to disruptions in Pol I transcription. We show that Pol I subunits are highly expressed in the neuroepithelium and neural crest cells (NCCs), which generate most of the craniofacial skeleton. High expression of Pol I subunits sustains elevated rRNA transcription in NCC progenitors, which supports their high tissue-specific levels of protein translation, but also makes NCCs particularly sensitive to rRNA synthesis defects. Consistent with this model, NCC-specific deletion of Pol I subunits Polr1a, Polr1c, and associated factor Tcof1 in mice cell-autonomously diminishes rRNA synthesis, which leads to p53 protein accumulation, resulting in NCC apoptosis and craniofacial anomalies. Furthermore, compound mutations in Pol I subunits and associated factors specifically exacerbate the craniofacial anomalies characteristic of the ribosomopathies Treacher Collins syndrome and Acrofacial Dysostosis-Cincinnati type. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that diminished rRNA synthesis causes an imbalance between rRNA and ribosomal proteins. This leads to increased binding of ribosomal proteins Rpl5 and Rpl11 to Mdm2 and concomitantly diminished binding between Mdm2 and p53. Altogether, our results demonstrate a dynamic spatiotemporal requirement for rRNA transcription during mammalian cranial NCC development and corresponding tissue-specific threshold sensitivities to disruptions in rRNA transcription in the pathogenesis of congenital craniofacial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla T. Falcon
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | | | - Soma Dash
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Ruonan Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
- Department of Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Emma L. Moore
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | | | | | - Mihaela E. Sardiu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Selene Swanson
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Dai Tsuchiya
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Jay Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - George Bugarinovic
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Rita Shiang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Annita Achilleos
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 2408, Cyprus
| | - Jill Dixon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Dixon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
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19
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Kubickova A, Maceckova Z, Vojta P, Ondra M, Volejnikova J, Koralkova P, Jungova A, Jahoda O, Mojzikova R, Hadacova I, Cermak J, Horvathova M, Pospisilova D, Hajduch M. Missense mutation in RPS7 causes Diamond-Blackfan anemia via alteration of erythrocyte metabolism, protein translation and induction of ribosomal stress. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2022; 97:102690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2022.102690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Dash S, Trainor PA. Nucleolin loss of function leads to aberrant Fibroblast Growth Factor signaling and craniofacial anomalies. Development 2022; 149:dev200349. [PMID: 35762670 PMCID: PMC9270975 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription and ribosome biogenesis are global processes required for growth and proliferation of all cells, yet perturbation of these processes in vertebrates leads to tissue-specific defects termed ribosomopathies. Mutations in rRNA transcription and processing proteins often lead to craniofacial anomalies; however, the cellular and molecular reasons for these defects are poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the function of the most abundant nucleolar phosphoprotein, Nucleolin (Ncl), in vertebrate development. ncl mutant (ncl-/-) zebrafish present with craniofacial anomalies such as mandibulofacial hypoplasia. We observed that ncl-/- mutants exhibited decreased rRNA synthesis and p53-dependent apoptosis, consistent with a role in ribosome biogenesis. However, we found that Nucleolin also performs functions not associated with ribosome biogenesis. We discovered that the half-life of fgf8a mRNA was reduced in ncl-/- mutants, which perturbed Fgf signaling, resulting in misregulated Sox9a-mediated chondrogenesis and Runx2-mediated osteogenesis. Consistent with this model, exogenous FGF8 treatment significantly rescued the cranioskeletal phenotype in ncl-/- zebrafish, suggesting that Nucleolin regulates osteochondroprogenitor differentiation. Our work has therefore uncovered tissue-specific functions for Nucleolin in rRNA transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of growth factor signaling during embryonic craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Dash
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Paul A. Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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21
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Busschers E, Ahmad N, Sun L, Iben JR, Walkey CJ, Rusin A, Yuen T, Rosen CJ, Willis IM, Zaidi M, Johnson DL. MAF1, a repressor of RNA polymerase III-dependent transcription, regulates bone mass. eLife 2022; 11:74740. [PMID: 35611941 PMCID: PMC9212997 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MAF1, a key repressor of RNA polymerase (pol) III-mediated transcription, has been shown to promote mesoderm formation in vitro. Here, we show that MAF1 plays a critical role in regulating osteoblast differentiation and bone mass. Global deletion of MAF1 (Maf1-/- mice) produced a high bone mass phenotype. However, osteoblasts isolated from Maf1-/- mice showed reduced osteoblastogenesis ex vivo. Therefore, we determined the phenotype of mice overexpressing MAF1 in cells from the mesenchymal lineage (Prx1-Cre;LSL-MAF1 mice). These mice showed increased bone mass. Ex vivo, cells from these mice showed enhanced osteoblastogenesis concordant with their high bone mass phenotype. Thus, the high bone mass phenotype in Maf1-/- mice is likely due to confounding effects from the global absence of MAF1. MAF1 overexpression promoted osteoblast differentiation of ST2 cells while MAF1 downregulation inhibited differentiation, indicating MAF1 enhances osteoblast formation. However, other perturbations used to repress RNA pol III transcription, inhibited osteoblast differentiation. However, decreasing RNA pol III transcription through these perturbations enhanced adipogenesis in ST2 cells. RNA-seq analyzed the basis for these opposing actions on osteoblast differentiation. The different modalities used to perturb RNA pol III transcription resulted in distinct gene expression changes, indicating that this transcription process is highly sensitive and triggers diverse gene expression programs and phenotypic outcomes. Specifically, MAF1 induced genes known to promote osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, genes that are induced during osteoblast differentiation displayed codon bias. Together, these results reveal a novel role for MAF1 and RNA pol III-mediated transcription in osteoblast fate determination, differentiation, and bone mass regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Busschers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Ican School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Medicine, Ican School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - James R Iben
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, United States
| | - Christopher J Walkey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Aleksandra Rusin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Tony Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, United States
| | - Ian M Willis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Mone Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Deborah L Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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22
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Ripmeester EGJ, Welting TJM, van den Akker GGH, Surtel DAM, Steijns JSJ, Cremers A, van Rhijn LW, Caron MMJ. BMP7 increases protein synthesis in SW1353 cells and determines rRNA levels in a NKX3-2-dependent manner. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263430. [PMID: 35139106 PMCID: PMC8827423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP7 is a morphogen capable of counteracting the OA chondrocyte hypertrophic phenotype via NKX3-2. NKX3-2 represses expression of RUNX2, an important transcription factor for chondrocyte hypertrophy. Since RUNX2 has previously been described as an inhibitor for 47S pre-rRNA transcription, we hypothesized that BMP7 positively influences 47S pre-rRNA transcription through NKX3-2, resulting in increased protein translational capacity. Therefor SW1353 cells and human primary chondrocytes were exposed to BMP7 and rRNA (18S, 5.8S, 28S) expression was determined by RT-qPCR. NKX3-2 knockdown was achieved via transfection of a NKX3-2-specific siRNA duplex. Translational capacity was assessed by the SUNsET assay, and 47S pre-rRNA transcription was determined by transfection of a 47S gene promoter-reporter plasmid. BMP7 treatment increased protein translational capacity. This was associated by increased 18S and 5.8S rRNA and NKX3-2 mRNA expression, as well as increased 47S gene promotor activity. Knockdown of NKX3-2 led to increased expression of RUNX2, accompanied by decreased 47S gene promotor activity and rRNA expression, an effect BMP7 was unable to restore. Our data demonstrate that BMP7 positively influences protein translation capacity of SW1353 cells and chondrocytes. This is likely caused by an NKX3-2-dependent activation of 47S gene promotor activity. This finding connects morphogen-mediated changes in cellular differentiation to an aspect of ribosome biogenesis via key transcription factors central to determining the chondrocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen G. J. Ripmeester
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J. M. Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Guus G. H. van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Don A. M. Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica S. J. Steijns
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andy Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk W. van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M. J. Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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23
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Wang B, Liu W, Li JJ, Chai S, Xing D, Yu H, Zhang Y, Yan W, Xu Z, Zhao B, Du Y, Jiang Q. A low dose cell therapy system for treating osteoarthritis: In vivo study and in vitro mechanistic investigations. Bioact Mater 2022; 7:478-490. [PMID: 34466747 PMCID: PMC8379370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be effective in alleviating the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, low MSC retention and survival at the injection site frequently require high doses of cells and/or repeated injections, which are not economically viable and create additional risks of complications. In this study, we produced MSC-laden microcarriers in spinner flask culture as cell delivery vehicles. These microcarriers containing a low initial dose of MSCs administered through a single injection in a rat anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection model of OA achieved similar reparative effects as repeated high doses of MSCs, as evaluated through imaging and histological analyses. Mechanistic investigations were conducted using a co-culture model involving human primary chondrocytes grown in monolayer, together with MSCs grown either within 3D constructs or as a monolayer. Co-culture supernatants subjected to secretome analysis showed significant decrease of inflammatory factors in the 3D group. RNA-seq of co-cultured MSCs and chondrocytes using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed processes relating to early chondrogenesis and increased extracellular matrix interactions in MSCs of the 3D group, as well as phenotypic maintenance in the co-cultured chondrocytes. The cell delivery platform we investigated may be effective in reducing the cell dose and injection frequency required for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 201180, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Senlin Chai
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 201180, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hongsheng Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjin Yan
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 201180, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 201180, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 201180, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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24
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Frattini A, Bolamperti S, Valli R, Cipolli M, Pinto RM, Bergami E, Frau MR, Cesaro S, Signo M, Bezzerri V, Porta G, Khan AW, Rubinacci A, Villa I. Enhanced p53 Levels Are Involved in the Reduced Mineralization Capacity of Osteoblasts Derived from Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413331. [PMID: 34948128 PMCID: PMC8707819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and skeletal abnormalities, caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SBDS gene, a factor involved in ribosome biogenesis. By analyzing osteoblasts from SDS patients (SDS-OBs), we show that SDS-OBs displayed reduced SBDS gene expression and reduced/undetectable SBDS protein compared to osteoblasts from healthy subjects (H-OBs). SDS-OBs cultured in an osteogenic medium displayed a lower mineralization capacity compared to H-OBs. Whole transcriptome analysis showed significant differences in the gene expression of SDS-OBs vs. H-OBs, particularly in the ossification pathway. SDS-OBs expressed lower levels of the main genes responsible for osteoblastogenesis. Of all downregulated genes, Western blot analyses confirmed lower levels of alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I in SDS-OBs than in H-OBs. Interestingly, SDS-OBs showed higher protein levels of p53, an inhibitor of osteogenesis, compared to H-OBs. Silencing of Tp53 was associated with higher collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase protein levels and an increase in SDS-OB mineralization capacity. In conclusion, our results show that the reduced capacity of SDS-OBs to mineralize is mediated, at least in part, by the high levels of p53 and highlight an important role of SBDS in osteoblast functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Frattini
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), UOS Milano CNR, Via Fantoli, 15/16, 20138 Milano, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0332217113
| | - Simona Bolamperti
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
| | - Roberto Valli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
| | - Marco Cipolli
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Rita Maria Pinto
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Ospedale Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Piazza S.Onofrio, 4, 00165 Roma, Italy;
| | - Elena Bergami
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Rita Frau
- Pediatrics and Intensive Neonatal Therapy, Ospedale San Francesco, Via Salvatore Mannironi, 08100 Nuoro, Italy;
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Ospedale Donna Bambino, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Michela Signo
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
| | - Valentino Bezzerri
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Via Conca, 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), Universita’ degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.); (A.W.K.)
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
| | - Isabella Villa
- Bone Metabolism Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.R.); (I.V.)
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25
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Cruz J, Lemos B. Post-transcriptional diversity in riboproteins and RNAs in aging and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:292-300. [PMID: 34474152 PMCID: PMC8627441 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional (PtscM) and post-translational (PtrnM) modifications of nucleotides and amino acids are covalent modifications able to change physio-chemical properties of RNAs and proteins. In the ribosome, the adequate assembly of rRNAs and ribosomal protein subunits in the nucleolus ensures suitable translational activity, with protein synthesis tuned according to intracellular demands of energy production, replication, proliferation, and growth. Disruption in the regulatory control of PtscM and PtrnM can impair ribosome biogenesis and ribosome function. Ribosomal impairment may, in turn, impact the synthesis of proteins engaged in functions as varied as telomere maintenance, apoptosis, and DNA repair, as well as intersect with mitochondria and telomerase activity. These cellular processes often malfunction in carcinogenesis and senescence. Here we discuss regulatory mechanisms of PtscMs and PtrnMs on ribosomal function. We also address chemical modification in rRNAs and their impacts on cellular metabolism, replication control, and senescence. Further, we highlight similarities and differences of PtscMs and PtrnMs in ribosomal intermediates during aging and carcinogenesis. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms may uncover critical steps for the development of more efficient oncologic and anti-aging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurandir Cruz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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26
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Fukui Y, Hayano S, Kawanabe N, Wang Z, Shimada A, Saito MK, Asaka I, Kamioka H. Investigation of the molecular causes underlying physical abnormalities in Diamond-Blackfan anemia patients with RPL5 haploinsufficiency. Pathol Int 2021; 71:803-813. [PMID: 34587661 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins and characterized by erythroid aplasia and various physical abnormalities. Although accumulating evidence suggests that defective ribosome biogenesis leads to p53-mediated apoptosis in erythroid progenitor cells, little is known regarding the underlying causes of the physical abnormalities. In this study, we established induced pluripotent stem cells from a DBA patient with RPL5 haploinsufficiency. These cells retained the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. However, RPL5 haploinsufficiency impaired the production of mucins and increased apoptosis in differentiated chondrocytes. Increased expression of the pro-apoptotic genes BAX and CASP9 further indicated that RPL5 haploinsufficiency triggered p53-mediated apoptosis in chondrocytes. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2), the primary negative regulator of p53, plays a crucial role in erythroid aplasia in DBA patient. We found the phosphorylation level of MDM2 was significantly decreased in RPL5 haploinsufficient chondrocytes. In stark contrast, we found no evidence that RPL5 haploinsufficiency impaired osteogenesis. Collectively, our data support a model in which RPL5 haploinsufficiency specifically induces p53-mediated apoptosis in chondrocytes through MDM2 inhibition, which leads to physical abnormalities in DBA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Fukui
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoru Hayano
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kawanabe
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimada
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Isao Asaka
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Caron MMJ, Eveque M, Cillero-Pastor B, Heeren RMA, Housmans B, Derks K, Cremers A, Peffers MJ, van Rhijn LW, van den Akker G, Welting TJM. Sox9 Determines Translational Capacity During Early Chondrogenic Differentiation of ATDC5 Cells by Regulating Expression of Ribosome Biogenesis Factors and Ribosomal Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686096. [PMID: 34235151 PMCID: PMC8256280 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In addition to the well-known cartilage extracellular matrix-related expression of Sox9, we demonstrated that chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells is driven by a sharply defined bi-phasic expression of Sox9: an immediate early and a late (extracellular matrix associated) phase expression. In this study, we aimed to determine what biological processes are driven by Sox9 during this early phase of chondrogenic differentiation. Materials Sox9 expression in ATDC5 cells was knocked down by siRNA transfection at the day before chondrogenic differentiation or at day 6 of differentiation. Samples were harvested at 2 h and 7 days of differentiation. The transcriptomes (RNA-seq approach) and proteomes (Label-free proteomics approach) were compared using pathway and network analyses. Total protein translational capacity was evaluated with the SuNSET assay, active ribosomes were evaluated with polysome profiling, and ribosome modus was evaluated with bicistronic reporter assays. Results Early Sox9 knockdown severely inhibited chondrogenic differentiation weeks later. Sox9 expression during the immediate early phase of ATDC5 chondrogenic differentiation regulated the expression of ribosome biogenesis factors and ribosomal protein subunits. This was accompanied by decreased translational capacity following Sox9 knockdown, and this correlated to lower amounts of active mono- and polysomes. Moreover, cap- versus IRES-mediated translation was altered by Sox9 knockdown. Sox9 overexpression was able to induce reciprocal effects to the Sox9 knockdown. Conclusion Here, we identified an essential new function for Sox9 during early chondrogenic differentiation. A role for Sox9 in regulation of ribosome amount, activity, and/or composition may be crucial in preparation for the demanding proliferative phase and subsequent cartilage extracellular matrix production of chondroprogenitors in the growth plate in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein M J Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maxime Eveque
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Berta Cillero-Pastor
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bas Housmans
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kasper Derks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andy Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lodewijk W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Guus van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Wei P, Wang H, Li Y, Guo R. Nucleolar small molecule RNA SNORA75 promotes endometrial receptivity by regulating the function of miR-146a-3p and ZNF23. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14924-14939. [PMID: 34030136 PMCID: PMC8221328 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial receptivity enables the embryo to attach, invade and develop, forming a new individual and species continuity. Small nucleolar RNAs (SnoRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs comprising two classes: C/D box snoRNAs and H/ACA box snoRNAs. Aberrant expression of SNORNAs has been reported in tumorigenesis. However, the role of SNORNAs in maintaining endometrial receptivity has not been reported. First, we detected SNORNA expression in endometrial tissues during proliferative and secretory endometrial periods using RNA sequencing. SNORA75 expression was higher in the secretory endometrium, and its overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of endometrial cells. The results of analysis with bioinformatics software and RNA pulldown experiments showed that miR-146a-3p interacted with SNORA75. Western blotting showed that miR-146a-3p regulated the expression of ZNF23, whose overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of endometrial cells. SNORA75 modulates endometrial receptivity through the miR-146a/ZNF23 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuebai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixia Guo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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29
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Costantini A, Muurinen MH, Mäkitie O. New gene discoveries in skeletal diseases with short stature. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R160-R174. [PMID: 33830070 PMCID: PMC8183621 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the widespread use of massively parallel sequencing has considerably boosted the number of novel gene discoveries in monogenic skeletal diseases with short stature. Defects in genes playing a role in the maintenance and function of the growth plate, the site of longitudinal bone growth, are a well-known cause of skeletal diseases with short stature. However, several genes involved in extracellular matrix composition or maintenance as well as genes partaking in various biological processes have also been characterized. This review aims to describe the latest genetic findings in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias, spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias, and some monogenic forms of isolated short stature. Some examples of novel genetic mechanisms leading to skeletal conditions with short stature will be described. Strategies on how to successfully characterize novel skeletal phenotypes with short stature and genetic approaches to detect and validate novel gene-disease correlations will be discussed in detail. In summary, we review the latest gene discoveries underlying skeletal diseases with short stature and emphasize the importance of characterizing novel molecular mechanisms for genetic counseling, for an optimal management of the disease, and for therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mari H Muurinen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to O Mäkitie:
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30
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Profiling NSD3-dependent neural crest gene expression reveals known and novel candidate regulatory factors. Dev Biol 2021; 475:118-130. [PMID: 33705737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The lysine methyltransferase NSD3 is required for the expression of key neural crest transcription factors and the migration of neural crest cells. Nevertheless, a complete view of the genes dependent upon NSD3 for expression and the developmental processes impacted by NSD3 in the neural crest was lacking. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to profile transcripts differentially expressed after NSD3 knockdown in chick premigratory neural crest cells, identifying 674 genes. Gene Ontology and gene set enrichment analyses further support a requirement for NSD3 during neural crest development and show that NSD3 knockdown also upregulates ribosome biogenesis. To validate our results, we selected three genes not previously associated with neural crest development, Astrotactin 1 (Astn1), Dispatched 3 (Disp3), and Tropomyosin 1 (Tpm1). Using whole mount in situ hybridization, we show that premigratory neural crest cells express these genes and that NSD3 knockdown downregulates (Astn1 and Disp3) and upregulates (Tpm1) their expression, consistent with RNA-seq results. Altogether, this study identifies novel putative regulators of neural crest development and provides insight into the transcriptional consequences of NSD3 in the neural crest, with implications for cancer.
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The Role of TCOF1 Gene in Health and Disease: Beyond Treacher Collins Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052482. [PMID: 33804586 PMCID: PMC7957619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleoli are membrane-less nuclear substructures that govern ribosome biogenesis and participate in multiple other cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, stress sensing, and DNA damage response. The proper functioning of these organelles is ensured by specific proteins that maintain nucleolar structure and mediate key nucleolar activities. Among all nucleolar proteins, treacle encoded by TCOF1 gene emerges as one of the most crucial regulators of cellular processes. TCOF1 was initially discovered as a gene involved in the Treacher Collins syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe craniofacial deformations. Later studies revealed that treacle regulates ribosome biogenesis, mitosis, proliferation, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. Importantly, several reports indicate that treacle is also involved in cancer development, progression, and response to therapies, and may contribute to other pathologies such as Hirschsprung disease. In this manuscript, we comprehensively review the structure, function, and the regulation of TCOF1/treacle in physiological and pathological processes.
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32
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Costantini A, Alm JJ, Tonelli F, Valta H, Huber C, Tran AN, Daponte V, Kirova N, Kwon YU, Bae JY, Chung WY, Tan S, Sznajer Y, Nishimura G, Näreoja T, Warren AJ, Cormier-Daire V, Kim OH, Forlino A, Cho TJ, Mäkitie O. Novel RPL13 Variants and Variable Clinical Expressivity in a Human Ribosomopathy With Spondyloepimetaphyseal Dysplasia. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:283-297. [PMID: 32916022 PMCID: PMC7988564 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias (SEMDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders with variable growth failure and skeletal impairments affecting the spine and long bone epiphyses and metaphyses. Here we report on four unrelated families with SEMD in which we identified two monoallelic missense variants and one monoallelic splice site variant in RPL13, encoding the ribosomal protein eL13. In two out of four families, we observed autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance and variable clinical expressivity; the phenotypes of the mutation-positive subjects ranged from normal height with or without hip dysplasia to severe SEMD with severe short stature and marked skeletal dysplasia. In vitro studies on patient-derived dermal fibroblasts harboring RPL13 missense mutations demonstrated normal eL13 expression, with proper subcellular localization but reduced colocalization with eL28 (p < 0.001). Cellular functional defects in fibroblasts from mutation-positive subjects indicated a significant increase in the ratio of 60S subunits to 80S ribosomes (p = 0.007) and attenuated global translation (p = 0.017). In line with the human phenotype, our rpl13 mutant zebrafish model, generated by CRISPR-Cas9 editing, showed cartilage deformities at embryonic and juvenile stages. These findings extend the genetic spectrum of RPL13 mutations causing this novel human ribosomopathy with variable skeletal features. Our study underscores for the first time incomplete penetrance and broad phenotypic variability in SEMD-RPL13 type and confirms impaired ribosomal function. Furthermore, the newly generated rpl13 mutant zebrafish model corroborates the role of eL13 in skeletogenesis. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica J Alm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Helena Valta
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Céline Huber
- Department of Clinical Genetics, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker Enfans Malades Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Anh N Tran
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Valentina Daponte
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nadi Kirova
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yong-Uk Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jung Yun Bae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yeong Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shengjiang Tan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yves Sznajer
- Centre de Génétique Humaine - CGH, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, UCL, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tuomas Näreoja
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Clinical Genetics, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker Enfans Malades Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Ok-Hwa Kim
- Department of Radiology, I-Bone Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tae-Joon Cho
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Vlachos A, Atsidaftos E, Lababidi ML, Muir E, Rogers ZR, Alhushki W, Bernstein J, Glader B, Gruner B, Hartung H, Knoll C, Loew T, Nalepa G, Narla A, Panigrahi AR, Sieff CA, Walkovich K, Farrar JE, Lipton JM. L-leucine improves anemia and growth in patients with transfusion-dependent Diamond-Blackfan anemia: Results from a multicenter pilot phase I/II study from the Diamond-Blackfan Anemia Registry. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28748. [PMID: 33025707 PMCID: PMC8273758 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by anemia, short stature, congenital anomalies, and cancer predisposition. Most cases are due to mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins (RP) leading to RP haploinsufficiency. Effective treatments for the anemia of DBA include chronic red cell transfusions, long-term corticosteroid therapy, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In a small patient series and in animal models, there have been hematologic responses to L-leucine with amelioration of anemia. The study objectives of this clinical trial were to determine feasibility, safety, and efficacy of L-leucine in transfusion-dependent patients with DBA. PROCEDURE Patients ≥2 years of age received L-leucine 700 mg/m2 orally three times daily for nine months to determine a hematologic response and any improvement in growth (NCT01362595). RESULTS This multicenter, phase I/II study enrolled 55 subjects; 43 were evaluable. There were 21 males; the median age at enrollment was 10.4 years (range, 2.5-46.1 years). No significant adverse events were attributable to L-leucine. Two subjects had a complete erythroid response and five had a partial response. Nine of 25, and 11 of 25, subjects experienced a positive weight and height percentile change, respectively, at the end of therapy. CONCLUSIONS L-leucine is safe, resulted in an erythroid response in 16% of subjects with DBA, and led to an increase in weight and linear growth velocity in 36% and 44% of evaluable subjects, respectively. Further studies will be critical to understand the role of L-leucine in the management of patients with DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Vlachos
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY;,Division of Hematology/Oncology and Cellular Therapy, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Evangelia Atsidaftos
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY;,Division of Hematology/Oncology and Cellular Therapy, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY
| | | | - Ellen Muir
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY;,Division of Hematology/Oncology and Cellular Therapy, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Zora R. Rogers
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | - Waseem Alhushki
- Cure 4 The Kids Foundation, Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Jonathan Bernstein
- Cure 4 The Kids Foundation, Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Las Vegas, NV; presently at Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Bertil Glader
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Barbara Gruner
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Helge Hartung
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine Knoll
- The Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Thomas Loew
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, presently at University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Grzegorz Nalepa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Anupama Narla
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Arun R. Panigrahi
- University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, presently at University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Colin A. Sieff
- Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber and Boston Children’s, Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Kelly Walkovich
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jason E. Farrar
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute & University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Jeffrey M. Lipton
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY;,Division of Hematology/Oncology and Cellular Therapy, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY
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Panoutsopoulos AA, De Crescenzo AH, Lee A, Lu AM, Ross AP, Borodinsky LN, Marcucio R, Trainor PA, Zarbalis KS. Pak1ip1 Loss-of-Function Leads to Cell Cycle Arrest, Loss of Neural Crest Cells, and Craniofacial Abnormalities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:510063. [PMID: 32984348 PMCID: PMC7490522 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.510063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) comprise a transient progenitor cell population of neuroepithelial origin that contributes to a variety of cell types throughout vertebrate embryos including most mesenchymal cells of the cranial and facial structures. Consequently, abnormal NCC development underlies a variety of craniofacial defects including orofacial clefts, which constitute some of the most common birth defects. We previously reported the generation of manta ray (mray) mice that carry a loss-of-function allele of the gene encoding the preribosomal factor Pak1ip1. Here we describe cranioskeletal abnormalities in homozygous mray mutants that arise from a loss of NCCs after their specification. Our results show that the localized loss of cranial NCCs in the developing frontonasal prominences is caused by cell cycle arrest and cell death. In addition, and consistent with deficits in ribosome biosynthesis, homozygous mray mutants display decreased protein biosynthesis, further linking Pak1ip1 to a role in ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios A Panoutsopoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Northern California, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Angelo Harlan De Crescenzo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Northern California, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Albert Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Northern California, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Amelia MacKenzie Lu
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics - Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Adam P Ross
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Northern California, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Laura N Borodinsky
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Northern California, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ralph Marcucio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Konstantinos S Zarbalis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Northern California, Sacramento, CA, United States.,MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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35
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Farley-Barnes KI, Deniz E, Overton MM, Khokha MK, Baserga SJ. Paired Box 9 (PAX9), the RNA polymerase II transcription factor, regulates human ribosome biogenesis and craniofacial development. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008967. [PMID: 32813698 PMCID: PMC7437866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of ribosome production can lead to a number of developmental disorders called ribosomopathies. Despite the ubiquitous requirement for these cellular machines used in protein synthesis, ribosomopathies manifest in a tissue-specific manner, with many affecting the development of the face. Here we reveal yet another connection between craniofacial development and making ribosomes through the protein Paired Box 9 (PAX9). PAX9 functions as an RNA Polymerase II transcription factor to regulate the expression of proteins required for craniofacial and tooth development in humans. We now expand this function of PAX9 by demonstrating that PAX9 acts outside of the cell nucleolus to regulate the levels of proteins critical for building the small subunit of the ribosome. This function of PAX9 is conserved to the organism Xenopus tropicalis, an established model for human ribosomopathies. Depletion of pax9 leads to craniofacial defects due to abnormalities in neural crest development, a result consistent with that found for depletion of other ribosome biogenesis factors. This work highlights an unexpected layer of how the making of ribosomes is regulated in human cells and during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine I. Farley-Barnes
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Engin Deniz
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Maya M. Overton
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mustafa K. Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Susan J. Baserga
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Liu S, Narumi R, Ikeda N, Morita O, Tasaki J. Chemical-induced craniofacial anomalies caused by disruption of neural crest cell development in a zebrafish model. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:794-815. [PMID: 32314458 PMCID: PMC7384000 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Craniofacial anomalies are among the most frequent birth defects worldwide, and are thought to be caused by gene‐environment interactions. Genetically manipulated zebrafish simulate human diseases and provide great advantages for investigating the etiology and pathology of craniofacial anomalies. Although substantial advances have been made in understanding genetic factors causing craniofacial disorders, limited information about the etiology by which environmental factors, such as teratogens, induce craniofacial anomalies is available in zebrafish. Results Zebrafish embryos displayed craniofacial malformations after teratogen treatments. Further observations revealed characteristic disruption of chondrocyte number, shape and stacking. These findings suggested aberrant development of cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, which was confirmed by gene expression analysis of the CNC. Notably, these observations suggested conserved etiological pathways between zebrafish and mammals including human. Furthermore, several of these chemicals caused malformations of the eyes, otic vesicle, and/or heart, representing a phenocopy of neurocristopathy, and these chemicals altered the expression levels of the responsible genes. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that chemical‐induced craniofacial malformation is caused by aberrant development of neural crest. This study indicates that zebrafish provide a platform for investigating contributions of environmental factors as causative agents of craniofacial anomalies and neurocristopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Liu
- R&D, Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Rika Narumi
- R&D, Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Ikeda
- R&D, Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Osamu Morita
- R&D, Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Junichi Tasaki
- R&D, Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
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Abdulhadi-Atwan M, Klopstock T, Sharaf M, Weinberg-Shukron A, Renbaum P, Levy-Lahad E, Zangen D. The novel R211Q POP1 homozygous mutation causes different pathogenesis and skeletal changes from those of previously reported POP1-associated anauxetic dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1268-1272. [PMID: 32134183 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Processing of Precursor RNA 1 (POP1) is a core protein component shared by two essential closely related eukaryotic ribonucleoprotein complexes: RNase MRP (the mitochondrial RNA processing ribonuclease) and RNase P. Recently, five patients harboring mutations in POP1 have been reported with severe spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia and extremely short stature. We report a unique clinical phenotype resulting from the novel homozygous R211Q POP1 mutation in three patients from one family, presenting with severe short stature but only subtle skeletal dysplastic changes that are merely metaphyseal. The RNA moiety of the RNase-MRP complex quantified in RNA extracted from peripheral lymphocytes was dramatically reduced in affected patients indicating instability of the enzymatic complex. However, pre5.8s rRNA, a substrate of RNase-MRP complex, was not accumulated in patients' RNA unlike in the previously reported POP1 mutations; this may explain the uniquely mild phenotype in our cases, and questions the assumption that alteration in ribosomal biogenesis is the pathophysiological basis for skeletal disorders caused by POP1 mutations. Finally, POP1 mutations should be considered in familial cases with severe short stature even when skeletal dysplasia is not strongly evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Abdulhadi-Atwan
- Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Palestine Red Crescent Society Hospital, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Tehila Klopstock
- Medical Genetics Institute, Share Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muna Sharaf
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariella Weinberg-Shukron
- Medical Genetics Institute, Share Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paul Renbaum
- Medical Genetics Institute, Share Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ephrat Levy-Lahad
- Medical Genetics Institute, Share Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Zangen
- The Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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38
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Giachetto PF, Cunha RC, Nhani A, Garcia MV, Ferro JA, Andreotti R. Gene Expression in the Salivary Gland of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Fed on Tick-Susceptible and Tick-Resistant Hosts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:477. [PMID: 32039052 PMCID: PMC6985549 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of cattle tick fixation largely depends on the secretion of substances that alter the immune response of the host. The majority of these substances are expressed by the parasite salivary gland and secreted in tick saliva. It is known that hosts can mount immune responses against ticks and bovine European breeds, and bovine industrial crossbreeds are more susceptible to infestations than are Bos indicus cattle. To identify candidates for the development of novel control strategies for the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, a salivary gland transcriptome analysis of engorged females fed on susceptible or resistant hosts was performed. Using RNA-Seq, transcriptomes were de novo assembled and produced a total of 235,451 contigs with 93.3% transcriptome completeness. Differential expression analysis identified 137 sequences as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ticks raised on tick-susceptible or tick-resistant cattle. DEGs predicted to be secreted proteins include innexins, which are transmembrane proteins that form gap junction channels; the transporters Na+/dicarboxylate, Na+/tricarboxylate, and phosphate transporter and a putative monocarboxylate transporter; a phosphoinositol 4-phosphate adaptor protein; a cysteine-rich protein containing a trypsin inhibitor-like (TIL) domain; a putative defense protein 3 containing a reeler domain; and an F-actin-uncapping protein LRRC16A with a CARMIL_C domain; these genes were upregulated in ticks fed on tick-susceptible cattle. DEGs predicted to be non-secreted proteins included a small heat shock protein and the negative elongation factor B-like, both acting in a coordinated manner to increase HSP transcript levels in the salivary glands of the ticks fed on tick-susceptible cattle; the 26S protease regulatory subunit 6B and another chaperone with similarity to calnexin, also upregulated in ticks fed on tick-susceptible cattle; an EF-hand calcium binding protein and a serine carboxypeptidase (SCP), both involved in the blood coagulation cascade and upregulated in ticks fed on tick-susceptible cattle; and two ribosomal proteins, the 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2 and the 60S ribosomal protein L19. These results help to characterize cattle tick salivary gland gene expression in tick-susceptible and tick-resistant hosts and suggest new putative targets for the control of tick infestations, as those genes involved in the mechanism of stress response during blood feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Casquero Cunha
- Bolsista do CNPq (157460/2018-5), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Zhao Y, Yan Y, Ma R, Lv X, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhu W, Zhao L, Jiang L, Zhao L, Wen L, Yang B, Chen Y, He M, Liu M, Wei M. Expression signature of six-snoRNA serves as novel non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis prediction of renal clear cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2215-2228. [PMID: 31943775 PMCID: PMC7011154 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has verified that small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) play significant roles in tumorigenesis and exhibit prognostic value in clinical practice. In the study, we analysed the expression profile and clinical relevance of snoRNAs from TCGA database including 530 ccRCC (clear cell renal cell carcinoma) and 72 control cases. By using univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, we established a six‐snoRNA signature and divided patients into high‐risk or low‐risk groups. We found patients in high‐risk group had significantly shorter overall survival and recurrence‐free survival than those in low‐risk group in test series, validation series and entire series by Kaplan‐Meier analysis. We also confirmed this signature had a great accuracy and specificity in 64 clinical tissue cases and 50 serum samples. Then, depending on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis we found the six‐snoRNA signature was an superior indicator better than conventional clinical factors (AUC = 0.732). Furthermore, combining the signature with TNM stage or Fuhrman grade were the optimal indicators (AUC = 0.792; AUC = 0.800) and processed the clinical applied value for ccRCC. Finally, we found the SNORA70B and its hose gene USP34 might directly regulate Wnt signalling pathway to promote tumorigenesis in ccRCC. In general, our study established a six‐snoRNA signature as an independent and superior diagnosis and prognosis indicator for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuemei Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Longyang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijie Wen
- Urology Department, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Urology Department, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuzong Chen
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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40
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Yamada T, Takechi M, Yokoyama N, Hiraoka Y, Ishikubo H, Usami T, Furutera T, Taga Y, Hirate Y, Kanai-Azuma M, Yoda T, Ogawa-Goto K, Iseki S. Heterozygous mutation of the splicing factor Sf3b4 affects development of the axial skeleton and forebrain in mouse. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:622-635. [PMID: 31900962 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Splicing factor 3B subunit 4 (SF3B4) is a causative gene of an acrofacial dysostosis, Nager syndrome. Although in vitro analyses of SF3B4 have proposed multiple noncanonical functions unrelated to splicing, less information is available based on in vivo studies using model animals. RESULTS We performed expression and functional analyses of Sf3b4 in mice. The mouse Sf3b4 transcripts were found from two-cell stage, and were ubiquitously present during embryogenesis with high expression levels in several tissues such as forming craniofacial bones and brain. In contrast, expression of a pseudogene-like sequence of mouse Sf3b4 (Sf3b4_ps) found by in silico survey was not detected up to embryonic day 10. We generated a Sf3b4 knockout mouse using CRISPR-Cas9 system. The homozygous mutant mouse of Sf3b4 was embryonic lethal. The heterozygous mutant of Sf3b4 mouse (Sf3b4+/- ) exhibited smaller body size compared to the wild-type from postnatal to adult period, as well as homeotic posteriorization of the vertebral morphology and flattened calvaria. The flattened calvaria appears to be attributable to mild microcephaly due to a lower cell proliferation rate in the forebrain. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that Sf3b4 controls anterior-posterior patterning of the axial skeleton and guarantees cell proliferation for forebrain development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Yamada
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takechi
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norisuke Yokoyama
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hiraoka
- Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedical Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Ishikubo
- Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedical Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Usami
- Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedical Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiko Furutera
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Taga
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Hirate
- Department of Experimental Animal Model for Human Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Kanai-Azuma
- Department of Experimental Animal Model for Human Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoda
- Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Sachiko Iseki
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Watt KEN, Neben CL, Hall S, Merrill AE, Trainor PA. tp53-dependent and independent signaling underlies the pathogenesis and possible prevention of Acrofacial Dysostosis-Cincinnati type. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2628-2643. [PMID: 29750247 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a global process required for growth and proliferation in all cells, but disruptions in this process surprisingly lead to tissue-specific phenotypic disorders termed ribosomopathies. Pathogenic variants in the RNA Polymerase (Pol) I subunit POLR1A cause Acrofacial Dysostosis-Cincinnati type, which is characterized by craniofacial and limb anomalies. In a zebrafish model of Acrofacial Dysostosis-Cincinnati type, we demonstrate that polr1a-/- mutants exhibit deficient 47S rRNA transcription, reduced monosomes and polysomes and, consequently, defects in protein translation. This results in Tp53-dependent neuroepithelial apoptosis, diminished neural crest cell proliferation and cranioskeletal anomalies. This indicates that POLR1A is critical for rRNA transcription, which is considered a rate limiting step in ribosome biogenesis, underpinning its requirement for neuroepithelial cell and neural crest cell proliferation and survival. To understand the contribution of the Tp53 pathway to the pathogenesis of Acrofacial Dysostosis-Cincinnati type, we genetically inhibited tp53 in polr1a-/- mutant embryos. Tp53 inhibition suppresses neuroepithelial apoptosis and partially ameliorates the polr1a mutant phenotype. However, complete rescue of cartilage development is not observed due to the failure to improve rDNA transcription and neural crest cell proliferation. Altogether, these data reveal specific functions for both Tp53-dependent and independent signaling downstream of polr1a in ribosome biogenesis during neural crest cell and craniofacial development, in the pathogenesis of Acrofacial Dysostosis-Cincinnati type. Furthermore, our work sets the stage for identifying Tp53-independent therapies to potentially prevent Acrofacial dysostosis-Cincinnati type and other similar ribosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E N Watt
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Cynthia L Neben
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Hall
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amy E Merrill
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Volejnikova J, Vojta P, Urbankova H, Mojzíkova R, Horvathova M, Hochova I, Cermak J, Blatny J, Sukova M, Bubanska E, Feketeova J, Prochazkova D, Horakova J, Hajduch M, Pospisilova D. Czech and Slovak Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) Registry update: Clinical data and novel causative genetic lesions. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 81:102380. [PMID: 31855845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital erythroid aplasia, underlied by haploinsufficient mutations in genes coding for ribosomal proteins (RP) in approximately 70% of cases. DBA is frequently associated with somatic malformations, endocrine dysfunction and with an increased predisposition to cancer. Here we present clinical and genetic characteristics of 62 patients from 52 families enrolled in the Czech and Slovak DBA Registry. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) were employed to identify causative mutations in newly diagnosed patients and in cases with previously unrecognized molecular pathology. RP mutation detection rate was 81% (50/62 patients). This included 8 novel point mutations and 4 large deletions encompassing some of the RP genes. Malignant or predisposing condition developed in 8/62 patients (13%): myelodysplastic syndrome in 3 patients; breast cancer in 2 patients; colorectal cancer plus ocular tumor, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma each in one case. These patients exclusively harbored RPL5, RPL11 or RPS19 mutations. Array CGH is beneficial for detection of novel mutations in DBA due to its capacity to detect larger chromosomal aberrations. Despite the importance of genotype-phenotype correlation in DBA, phenotypic differences among family members harboring an identical mutation were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volejnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vojta
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Urbankova
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Mojzíkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Horvathova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Hochova
- Department of Hematology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol Prague, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Cermak
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 2094/1, 12820 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Blatny
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Jihlavská 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Sukova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol Prague, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Bubanska
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Faculty Hospital Banska Bystrica, Ludovit Svoboda Square 4, 97409 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslava Feketeova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children Teaching Hospital Kosice, Trieda SNP 457/1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Prochazkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Masaryk Hospital Usti nad Labem, Socialni pece 3316/12A, 40113 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Horakova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Limbova 1, 83340 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hnevotinska 1333/5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Pospisilova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Le Caignec C, Ory B, Lamoureux F, O'Donohue MF, Orgebin E, Lindenbaum P, Téletchéa S, Saby M, Hurst A, Nelson K, Gilbert SR, Wilnai Y, Zeitlin L, Segev E, Tesfaye R, Nizon M, Cogne B, Bezieau S, Geoffroy L, Hamel A, Mayrargue E, de Courtivron B, Decock-Giraudaud A, Charrier C, Pichon O, Retière C, Redon R, Pepler A, McWalter K, Da Costa L, Toutain A, Gleizes PE, Baud'huin M, Isidor B. RPL13 Variants Cause Spondyloepimetaphyseal Dysplasia with Severe Short Stature. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:1040-1047. [PMID: 31630789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in genes encoding ribosomal proteins have thus far been associated with Diamond-Blackfan anemia, a rare inherited bone marrow failure, and isolated congenital asplenia. Here, we report one de novo missense variant and three de novo splice variants in RPL13, which encodes ribosomal protein RPL13 (also called eL13), in four unrelated individuals with a rare bone dysplasia causing severe short stature. The three splice variants (c.477+1G>T, c.477+1G>A, and c.477+2 T>C) result in partial intron retention, which leads to an 18-amino acid insertion. In contrast to observations from Diamond-Blackfan anemia, we detected no evidence of significant pre-rRNA processing disturbance in cells derived from two affected individuals. Consistently, we showed that the insertion-containing protein is stably expressed and incorporated into 60S subunits similar to the wild-type protein. Erythroid proliferation in culture and ribosome profile on sucrose gradient are modified, suggesting a change in translation dynamics. We also provide evidence that RPL13 is present at high levels in chondrocytes and osteoblasts in mouse growth plates. Taken together, we show that the identified RPL13 variants cause a human ribosomopathy defined by a rare skeletal dysplasia, and we highlight the role of this ribosomal protein in bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Ory
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Bone sarcomas and remodeling of calcified tissues, UMR 1238, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - François Lamoureux
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Bone sarcomas and remodeling of calcified tissues, UMR 1238, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Francoise O'Donohue
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Emilien Orgebin
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Bone sarcomas and remodeling of calcified tissues, UMR 1238, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Lindenbaum
- L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Téletchéa
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP), UMR CNRS 6286, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Manon Saby
- INSERM U1149/ERL 8252, Inflammation Research Center, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Anna Hurst
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Katherine Nelson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Shawn R Gilbert
- Children's of Alabama, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Yael Wilnai
- Genetic Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Leonid Zeitlin
- Pediatric Orthopedic Department, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Eitan Segev
- Pediatric Orthopedic Department, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Robel Tesfaye
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Bone sarcomas and remodeling of calcified tissues, UMR 1238, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- CHU Nantes, Service de génétique médicale, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Cogne
- CHU Nantes, Service de génétique médicale, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Bezieau
- CHU Nantes, Service de génétique médicale, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Loic Geoffroy
- Service d'Orthopédie Pédiatrique, CHU de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Hamel
- Service d'Orthopédie Pédiatrique, CHU de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Benoît de Courtivron
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique Pédiatrique, CHU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | | | - Céline Charrier
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Bone sarcomas and remodeling of calcified tissues, UMR 1238, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Pichon
- CHU Nantes, Service de génétique médicale, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Christelle Retière
- Etablissement Français du Sang, F-44000 Nantes, France; CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Richard Redon
- L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Alexander Pepler
- Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Lydie Da Costa
- INSERM U1149/ERL 8252, Inflammation Research Center, 75018 Paris, France; AP-HP, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital R. Debré, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Baud'huin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Bone sarcomas and remodeling of calcified tissues, UMR 1238, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- CHU Nantes, Service de génétique médicale, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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Aspesi A, Borsotti C, Follenzi A. Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Diamond Blackfan Anemia. Curr Gene Ther 2019; 18:327-335. [PMID: 30411682 PMCID: PMC6637096 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666181109124538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is an inherited erythroid aplasia with onset in childhood. Patients carry heterozygous mutations in one of 19 Ribosomal Protein (RP) genes, that lead to defective ribosome biogenesis and function. Standard treatments include steroids or blood transfusions but the only definitive cure is allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Although advances in HSCT have greatly improved the success rate over the last years, the risk of adverse events and mor-tality is still significant. Clinical trials employing gene therapy are now in progress for a variety of monogenic diseases and the development of innovative stem cell-based strategies may open new alternatives for DBA treatment as well. In this review, we summarize the most recent progress toward the implementation of new thera-peutic approaches for this disorder. We present different DNA- and RNA-based technologies as well as new candidate pharmacological treatments and discuss their relevance and potential applicability for the cure of DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Borsotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
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45
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An emerging ribosomopathy affecting the skeleton due to biallelic variations in NEPRO. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1709-1717. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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46
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Ghesh L, Vincent M, Delemazure AS, Boyer J, Corre P, Perez F, Geneviève D, Laplanche JL, Collet C, Isidor B. Autosomal recessive Treacher Collins syndrome due to POLR1C mutations: Report of a new family and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1390-1394. [PMID: 30957429 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a frequent cause of mandibulofacial dysostosis. To date, TCS-causing mutations in three genes, namely TCOF1, POLR1D, and POLR1C have been identified. TCS is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, with a high clinical variability and no phenotype-genotype correlation. Up-to now, five families have been reported with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance due to mutations in POLR1D or POLR1C. We report here a new family with two sisters affected by mild TCS carrying compound POLR1C heterozygous mutations, and review the literature on mild forms of TCS, autosomal recessive inheritance in this syndrome and POLR1C mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ghesh
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Corre
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et stomatologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Perez
- Service d'odontologie conservatrice et pédiatrique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHRU Montpellier, Faculté de Médecine Montpellier-Nîmes, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Laplanche
- Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Collet
- Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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47
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Seda M, Geerlings M, Lim P, Jeyabalan-Srikaran J, Cichon AC, Scambler PJ, Beales PL, Hernandez-Hernandez V, Stoker AW, Jenkins D. An FDA-Approved Drug Screen for Compounds Influencing Craniofacial Skeletal Development and Craniosynostosis. Mol Syndromol 2019; 10:98-114. [PMID: 30976283 PMCID: PMC6422125 DOI: 10.1159/000491567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest stem/progenitor cells (NCSCs) populate a variety of tissues, and their dysregulation is implicated in several human diseases including craniosynostosis and neuroblastoma. We hypothesised that small molecules that inhibit NCSC induction or differentiation may represent potential therapeutically relevant drugs in these disorders. We screened 640 FDA-approved compounds currently in clinical use for other conditions to identify those which disrupt development of NCSC-derived skeletal elements that form the zebrafish jaw. In the primary screen, we used heterozygous transgenic sox10:gfp zebrafish to directly visualise NCSC-derived jaw cartilage. We noted partial toxicity of this transgene in relation to jaw patterning, suggesting that our primary screen was sensitised for NCSC defects, and we confirmed 10 novel, 4 previously reported, and 2 functional analogue drug hits in wild-type embryos. Of these drugs, 9/14 and 7/14, respectively, are known to target pathways implicated in osteoarthritis pathogenesis or to cause reduced bone mineral density/increased fracture risk as side effects in patients treated for other conditions, suggesting that our screen enriched for pathways targeting skeletal tissue homeostasis. We selected one drug that inhibited NCSC induction and one drug that inhibits bone mineralisation for further detailed analyses which reflect our initial hypotheses. These drugs were leflunomide and cyclosporin A, respectively, and their functional analogues, teriflunomide and FK506 (tacrolimus). We identified their critical developmental windows of activity, showing that the severity of defects observed related to the timing, duration, and dose of treatment. While leflunomide has previously been shown to inhibit NCSC induction, we demonstrate additional later roles in cartilage remodelling. Both drugs altered expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases. As proof-of-concept, we also tested drug treatment of disease-relevant mammalian cells. While leflunomide treatment inhibited the viability of several human NCSC-derived neuroblastoma cell lines coincident with altered expression of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and transcription, FK506 enhanced murine calvarial osteoblast differentiation and prevented fusion of the coronal suture in calvarial explants taken from Crouzon syndrome mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Seda
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Maartje Geerlings
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Peggy Lim
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Ann-Christin Cichon
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programmes, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Peter J. Scambler
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programmes, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Philip L. Beales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew W. Stoker
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programmes, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dagan Jenkins
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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48
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Yao B, Zhang M, Leng X, Zhao D. Proteomic analysis of the effects of antler extract on chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1635-1648. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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49
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Wang M, Niu W, Hu R, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu L, Zhong J, Zhang C, You H, Zhang J, Lu L, Wei L, Xiao W. POLR1D promotes colorectal cancer progression and predicts poor prognosis of patients. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:735-748. [PMID: 30582221 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase I subunit D (POLR1D), which is involved in synthesis of ribosomal RNA precursors and small RNAs, has been shown to be overexpressed in several human cancer types. Nevertheless, the role of POLR1D in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. The following study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of POLR1D in CRC progression. In this report, we found that POLR1D was significantly up-regulated in CRC through data mining of oncomine database. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of a tissue microarray (TMA) of 75 human CRC patients showed that the expression level of POLR1D was positively correlated to tumor size and poor survival of CRC patients. Aberrant expression of POLR1D significantly promoted cell proliferation and migration in vitro, as well as tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, POLR1D knockdown displayed the opposite effects. The flow Cytometry assays showed that POLR1D fostered cell cycle progression at G1-S transition and inhibited cell apoptosis. Finally, at the molecular level, we demonstrated that POLR1D-induced the promotion of G1-S cell cycle transition was mediated by activation of wnt-β-catenin signaling and inactivation of p53 signaling. Our results suggested that POLR1D may function as a risk factor for predicting the outcome of CRC patients, as well as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Wang
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Niu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjing Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Zhongshan Huangpu People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingyu Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhong
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cha Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan You
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianbo Wei
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Brommage R, Ohlsson C. High Fidelity of Mouse Models Mimicking Human Genetic Skeletal Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:934. [PMID: 32117046 PMCID: PMC7010808 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The 2019 International Skeletal Dysplasia Society nosology update lists 441 genes for which mutations result in rare human skeletal disorders. These genes code for enzymes (33%), scaffolding proteins (18%), signal transduction proteins (16%), transcription factors (14%), cilia proteins (8%), extracellular matrix proteins (5%), and membrane transporters (4%). Skeletal disorders include aggrecanopathies, channelopathies, ciliopathies, cohesinopathies, laminopathies, linkeropathies, lysosomal storage diseases, protein-folding and RNA splicing defects, and ribosomopathies. With the goal of evaluating the ability of mouse models to mimic these human genetic skeletal disorders, a PubMed literature search identified 260 genes for which mutant mice were examined for skeletal phenotypes. These mouse models included spontaneous and ENU-induced mutants, global and conditional gene knockouts, and transgenic mice with gene over-expression or specific base-pair substitutions. The human X-linked gene ARSE and small nuclear RNA U4ATAC, a component of the minor spliceosome, do not have mouse homologs. Mouse skeletal phenotypes mimicking human skeletal disorders were observed in 249 of the 260 genes (96%) for which comparisons are possible. A supplemental table in spreadsheet format provides PubMed weblinks to representative publications of mutant mouse skeletal phenotypes. Mutations in 11 mouse genes (Ccn6, Cyp2r1, Flna, Galns, Gna13, Lemd3, Manba, Mnx1, Nsd1, Plod1, Smarcal1) do not result in similar skeletal phenotypes observed with mutations of the homologous human genes. These discrepancies can result from failure of mouse models to mimic the exact human gene mutations. There are no obvious commonalities among these 11 genes. Body BMD and/or radiologic dysmorphology phenotypes were successfully identified for 28 genes by the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC). Forward genetics using ENU mouse mutagenesis successfully identified 37 nosology gene phenotypes. Since many human genetic disorders involve hypomorphic, gain-of-function, dominant-negative and intronic mutations, future studies will undoubtedly utilize CRISPR/Cas9 technology to examine transgenic mice having genes modified to exactly mimic variant human sequences. Mutant mice will increasingly be employed for drug development studies designed to treat human genetic skeletal disorders. SIGNIFICANCE Great progress is being made identifying mutant genes responsible for human rare genetic skeletal disorders and mouse models for genes affecting bone mass, architecture, mineralization and strength. This review organizes data for 441 human genetic bone disorders with regard to heredity, gene function, molecular pathways, and fidelity of relevant mouse models to mimic the human skeletal disorders. PubMed weblinks to citations of 249 successful mouse models are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brommage
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Robert Brommage
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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