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de Almeida Fuzeta M, Gonçalves PP, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, Cabral JMS, Bernardes N, da Silva CL. From Promise to Reality: Bioengineering Strategies to Enhance the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110675. [PMID: 36354586 PMCID: PMC9687169 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been the focus of great attention over the last decade, considering their promising application as next-generation therapeutics. EVs have emerged as relevant mediators of intercellular communication, being associated with multiple physiological processes, but also in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Given their natural ability to shuttle messages between cells, EVs have been explored both as inherent therapeutics in regenerative medicine and as drug delivery vehicles targeting multiple diseases. However, bioengineering strategies are required to harness the full potential of EVs for therapeutic use. For that purpose, a good understanding of EV biology, from their biogenesis to the way they are able to shuttle messages and establish interactions with recipient cells, is needed. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art on EV biology, complemented by representative examples of EVs roles in several pathophysiological processes, as well as the intrinsic therapeutic properties of EVs and paradigmatic strategies to produce and develop engineered EVs as next-generation drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Almeida Fuzeta
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro P. Gonçalves
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Bernardes
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (C.L.d.S.)
| | - Cláudia L. da Silva
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (C.L.d.S.)
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Inimitable Impacts of Ceramides on Lipid Rafts Formed in Artificial and Natural Cell Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080727. [PMID: 35893445 PMCID: PMC9330320 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is the simplest precursor of sphingolipids and is involved in a variety of biological functions ranging from apoptosis to the immune responses. Although ceramide is a minor constituent of plasma membranes, it drastically increases upon cellular stimulation. However, the mechanistic link between ceramide generation and signal transduction remains unknown. To address this issue, the effect of ceramide on phospholipid membranes has been examined in numerous studies. One of the most remarkable findings of these studies is that ceramide induces the coalescence of membrane domains termed lipid rafts. Thus, it has been hypothesised that ceramide exerts its biological activity through the structural alteration of lipid rafts. In the present article, we first discuss the characteristic hydrogen bond functionality of ceramides. Then, we showed the impact of ceramide on the structures of artificial and cell membranes, including the coalescence of the pre-existing lipid raft into a large patch called a signal platform. Moreover, we proposed a possible structure of the signal platform, in which sphingomyelin/cholesterol-rich and sphingomyelin/ceramide-rich domains coexist. This structure is considered to be beneficial because membrane proteins and their inhibitors are separately compartmentalised in those domains. Considering the fact that ceramide/cholesterol content regulates the miscibility of those two domains in model membranes, the association and dissociation of membrane proteins and their inhibitors might be controlled by the contents of ceramide and cholesterol in the signal platform.
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Lee H, Choi SQ. Sphingomyelinase-Mediated Multitimescale Clustering of Ganglioside GM1 in Heterogeneous Lipid Membranes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101766. [PMID: 34473415 PMCID: PMC8529493 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Several signaling processes in the plasma membrane are intensified by ceramides that are formed by sphingomyelinase-mediated hydrolysis of sphingomyelin. These ceramides trigger clustering of signaling-related biomolecules, but how they concentrate such biomolecules remains unclear. Here, the spatiotemporal localization of ganglioside GM1, a glycolipid receptor involved in signaling, during sphingomyelinase-mediated hydrolysis is described. Real-time visualization of the dynamic remodeling of the heterogeneous lipid membrane that occurs due to sphingomyelinase action is used to examine GM1 clustering, and unexpectedly, it is found that it is more complex than previously thought. Specifically, lipid membranes generate two distinct types of condensed GM1: 1) rapidly formed but short-lived GM1 clusters that are formed in ceramide-rich domains nucleated from the liquid-disordered phase; and 2) late-onset yet long-lasting, high-density GM1 clusters that are formed in the liquid-ordered phase. These findings suggest that multiple pathways exist in a plasma membrane to synergistically facilitate the rapid amplification and persistence of signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Ro Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Q. Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the NanoCenturyKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
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Lu J, Mazidi H, Ding T, Zhang O, Lew MD. Single-Molecule 3D Orientation Imaging Reveals Nanoscale Compositional Heterogeneity in Lipid Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17572-17579. [PMID: 32648275 PMCID: PMC7794097 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In soft matter, thermal energy causes molecules to continuously translate and rotate, even in crowded environments, thereby impacting the spatial organization and function of most molecular assemblies, such as lipid membranes. Directly measuring the orientation and spatial organization of large collections (>3000 molecules μm-2 ) of single molecules with nanoscale resolution remains elusive. In this paper, we utilize SMOLM, single-molecule orientation localization microscopy, to directly measure the orientation spectra (3D orientation plus "wobble") of lipophilic probes transiently bound to lipid membranes, revealing that Nile red's (NR) orientation spectra are extremely sensitive to membrane chemical composition. SMOLM images resolve nanodomains and enzyme-induced compositional heterogeneity within membranes, where NR within liquid-ordered vs. liquid-disordered domains shows a ≈4° difference in polar angle and a ≈0.3π sr difference in wobble angle. As a new type of imaging spectroscopy, SMOLM exposes the organizational and functional dynamics of lipid-lipid, lipid-protein, and lipid-dye interactions with single-molecule, nanoscale resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lu
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Hesam Mazidi
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Tianben Ding
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Oumeng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Matthew D Lew
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Lu J, Mazidi H, Ding T, Zhang O, Lew MD. Single‐Molecule 3D Orientation Imaging Reveals Nanoscale Compositional Heterogeneity in Lipid Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lu
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Hesam Mazidi
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Tianben Ding
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Oumeng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Matthew D. Lew
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 USA
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Sarmento MJ, Ricardo JC, Amaro M, Šachl R. Organization of gangliosides into membrane nanodomains. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3668-3697. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Sarmento
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Joana C. Ricardo
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Mariana Amaro
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
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The influence of ceramide and its dihydro analog on the physico-chemical properties of sphingomyelin bilayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 226:104835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Ceramide Domains in Health and Disease: A Biophysical Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1159:79-108. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21162-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abu-Arish A, Pandžić E, Kim D, Tseng HW, Wiseman PW, Hanrahan JW. Agonists that stimulate secretion promote the recruitment of CFTR into membrane lipid microdomains. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:834-849. [PMID: 31048413 PMCID: PMC6572005 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a tightly regulated anion channel that mediates secretion by epithelia and is mutated in the disease cystic fibrosis. CFTR forms macromolecular complexes with many proteins; however, little is known regarding its associations with membrane lipids or the regulation of its distribution and mobility at the cell surface. We report here that secretagogues (agonists that stimulate secretion) such as the peptide hormone vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and muscarinic agonist carbachol increase CFTR aggregation into cholesterol-dependent clusters, reduce CFTR lateral mobility within and between membrane microdomains, and trigger the fusion of clusters into large (3.0 µm2) ceramide-rich platforms. CFTR clusters are closely associated with motile cilia and with the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) that is constitutively bound on the cell surface. Platform induction is prevented by pretreating cells with cholesterol oxidase to disrupt lipid rafts or by exposure to the ASMase functional inhibitor amitriptyline or the membrane-impermeant reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate. Platforms are reversible, and their induction does not lead to an increase in apoptosis; however, blocking platform formation does prevent the increase in CFTR surface expression that normally occurs during VIP stimulation. These results demonstrate that CFTR is colocalized with motile cilia and reveal surprisingly robust regulation of CFTR distribution and lateral mobility, most likely through autocrine redox activation of extracellular ASMase. Formation of ceramide-rich platforms containing CFTR enhances transepithelial secretion and likely has other functions related to inflammation and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmahan Abu-Arish
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Elvis Pandžić
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dusik Kim
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hsin Wei Tseng
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Canada
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Simonis A, Schubert-Unkmeir A. The role of acid sphingomyelinase and modulation of sphingolipid metabolism in bacterial infection. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1135-1146. [PMID: 29924727 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism that converts sphingomyelin to ceramide, thereby modulating membrane structures and signal transduction. Bacterial pathogens can manipulate ASM activity and function, and use host sphingolipids during multiple steps of their infection process. An increase in ceramides upon infection results in the formation of ceramide-enriched membrane platforms that serve to cluster receptor molecules and organize intracellular signaling molecules, thus facilitating bacterial uptake. In this review, we focus on how extracellular bacterial pathogens target ASM and modulate membrane properties and signaling pathways to gain entry into eukaryotic cells or induce cell death. We describe how intracellular pathogens interfere with the intralysosomal functions of ASM to favor replication and survival. In addition, bacteria utilize their own sphingomyelinases as virulence factors to modulate sphingolipid metabolism. The potential of ASM as a target for treating bacterial infections is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Simonis
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Schubert-Unkmeir
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Cebecauer M, Amaro M, Jurkiewicz P, Sarmento MJ, Šachl R, Cwiklik L, Hof M. Membrane Lipid Nanodomains. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11259-11297. [PMID: 30362705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid membranes can spontaneously organize their components into domains of different sizes and properties. The organization of membrane lipids into nanodomains might potentially play a role in vital functions of cells and organisms. Model membranes represent attractive systems to study lipid nanodomains, which cannot be directly addressed in living cells with the currently available methods. This review summarizes the knowledge on lipid nanodomains in model membranes and exposes how their specific character contrasts with large-scale phase separation. The overview on lipid nanodomains in membranes composed of diverse lipids (e.g., zwitterionic and anionic glycerophospholipids, ceramides, glycosphingolipids) and cholesterol aims to evidence the impact of chemical, electrostatic, and geometric properties of lipids on nanodomain formation. Furthermore, the effects of curvature, asymmetry, and ions on membrane nanodomains are shown to be highly relevant aspects that may also modulate lipid nanodomains in cellular membranes. Potential mechanisms responsible for the formation and dynamics of nanodomains are discussed with support from available theories and computational studies. A brief description of current fluorescence techniques and analytical tools that enabled progress in lipid nanodomain studies is also included. Further directions are proposed to successfully extend this research to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Cebecauer
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Mariana Amaro
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Jurkiewicz
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Maria João Sarmento
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
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Di Scala C, Fantini J, Yahi N, Barrantes FJ, Chahinian H. Anandamide Revisited: How Cholesterol and Ceramides Control Receptor-Dependent and Receptor-Independent Signal Transmission Pathways of a Lipid Neurotransmitter. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020031. [PMID: 29789479 PMCID: PMC6022874 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anandamide is a lipid neurotransmitter derived from arachidonic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid. The chemical differences between anandamide and arachidonic acid result in a slightly enhanced solubility in water and absence of an ionisable group for the neurotransmitter compared with the fatty acid. In this review, we first analyze the conformational flexibility of anandamide in aqueous and membrane phases. We next study the interaction of the neurotransmitter with membrane lipids and discuss the molecular basis of the unexpected selectivity of anandamide for cholesterol and ceramide from among other membrane lipids. We show that cholesterol behaves as a binding partner for anandamide, and that following an initial interaction mediated by the establishment of a hydrogen bond, anandamide is attracted towards the membrane interior, where it forms a molecular complex with cholesterol after a functional conformation adaptation to the apolar membrane milieu. The complex is then directed to the anandamide cannabinoid receptor (CB1) which displays a high affinity binding pocket for anandamide. We propose that cholesterol may regulate the entry and exit of anandamide in and out of CB1 by interacting with low affinity cholesterol recognition sites (CARC and CRAC) located in transmembrane helices. The mirror topology of cholesterol binding sites in the seventh transmembrane domain is consistent with the delivery, extraction and flip-flop of anandamide through a coordinated cholesterol-dependent mechanism. The binding of anandamide to ceramide illustrates another key function of membrane lipids which may occur independently of protein receptors. Interestingly, ceramide forms a tight complex with anandamide which blocks the degradation pathway of both lipids and could be exploited for anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Di Scala
- INMED, INSERM U1249, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, BP13 13273 Marseille CEDEX 09, France.
| | - Jacques Fantini
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France.
| | - Nouara Yahi
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France.
| | - Francisco J Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), UCA⁻CONICET, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, C1107AFF Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Henri Chahinian
- INSERM UMR_S 1072, Aix-Marseille Université, 13015 Marseille, France.
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Stoffel W, Jenke B, Schmidt-Soltau I, Binczek E, Brodesser S, Hammels I. SMPD3 deficiency perturbs neuronal proteostasis and causes progressive cognitive impairment. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:507. [PMID: 29725009 PMCID: PMC5938706 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutral sphingomyelinase smpd3 is most abundantly expressed in neurons of brain. The function of SMPD3 has remained elusive. Here, we report a pathogenetic nexus between absence of SMPD3 in the Golgi compartment (GC) of neurons of the smpd3-/- mouse brain, inhibition of Golgi vesicular protein transport and progressive cognitive impairment. Absence of SMPD3 activity in the Golgi sphingomyelin cycle impedes remodeling of the lipid bilayer, essential for budding and multivesicular body formation. Importantly, we show that inhibition of the Golgi vesicular protein transport causes accumulation of neurotoxic proteins APP, Aβ and phosphorylated Tau, dysproteostasis, unfolded protein response, and apoptosis, which ultimately manifests in progressive cognitive decline, similar to the pathognomonic signatures of familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer´s disease. This discovery might contribute to the search for other primary pathogenic mechanisms, which link perturbed lipid bilayer structures and protein processing and transport in the neuronal Golgi compartment and neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Stoffel
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,CMMC (Centre for Molecular Medicine), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,CECAD (Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Britta Jenke
- CMMC (Centre for Molecular Medicine), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Inga Schmidt-Soltau
- CMMC (Centre for Molecular Medicine), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Erika Binczek
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- CECAD (Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Hammels
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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Murthy AVR, Guyomarc'h F, Lopez C. Palmitoyl ceramide promotes milk sphingomyelin gel phase domains formation and affects the mechanical properties of the fluid phase in milk-SM/DOPC supported membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:635-644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Chen M, Balhara V, Jaimes Castillo AM, Balsevich J, Johnston LJ. Interaction of saponin 1688 with phase separated lipid bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1263-1272. [PMID: 28389202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Saponins are a diverse family of naturally occurring plant triterpene or steroid glycosides that have a wide range of biological activities. They have been shown to permeabilize membranes and in some cases membrane disruption has been hypothesized to involve saponin/cholesterol complexes. We have examined the interaction of steroidal saponin 1688-1 with lipid membranes that contain cholesterol and have a mixture of liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) phases as a model for lipid rafts in cellular membranes. A combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence was used to probe the effect of saponin on the bilayer. The results demonstrate that saponin forms defects in the membrane and also leads to formation of small aggregates on the membrane surface. Although most of the membrane damage occurs in the liquid-disordered phase, fluorescence results demonstrate that saponin localizes in both ordered and disordered membrane phases, with a modest preference for the disordered regions. Similar effects are observed for both direct incorporation of saponin in the lipid mixture used to make vesicles/bilayers and for incubation of saponin with preformed bilayers. The results suggest that the initial sites of interaction are at the interface between the domains and surrounding disordered phase. The preference for saponin localization in the disordered phase may reflect the ease of penetration of saponin into a less ordered membrane, rather than the actual cholesterol concentration in the membrane. Dye leakage assays indicate that a high concentration of saponin is required for membrane permeabilization consistent with the supported lipid bilayer experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohui Chen
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Vinod Balhara
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | | | - John Balsevich
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Linda J Johnston
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
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16
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Burgert A, Schlegel J, Bécam J, Doose S, Bieberich E, Schubert-Unkmeir A, Sauer M. Characterization of Plasma Membrane Ceramides by Super-Resolution Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6131-6135. [PMID: 28379629 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The sphingolipid ceramide regulates cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. Ceramide-rich membrane areas promote structural changes within the plasma membrane that segregate membrane receptors and affect membrane curvature and vesicle formation, fusion, and trafficking. Ceramides were labeled by immunocytochemistry to visualize their distribution on the plasma membrane of different cells with virtually molecular resolution by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). Super-resolution images show that independent of labeling conditions and cell type 50-60 % of all membrane ceramides are located in ceramide-rich platforms (CRPs) with a size of about 75 nm that are composed of at least about 20 ceramides. Treatment of cells with Bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase (bSMase) increases the overall ceramide concentration in the plasma membrane, the quantity of CRPs, and their size. Simultaneously, the ceramide concentration in CRPs increases approximately twofold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Burgert
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Schlegel
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jérôme Bécam
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sören Doose
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | | | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Burgert A, Schlegel J, Bécam J, Doose S, Bieberich E, Schubert‐Unkmeir A, Sauer M. Characterization of Plasma Membrane Ceramides by Super‐Resolution Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Burgert
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Julius Maximilian University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jan Schlegel
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Julius Maximilian University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jérôme Bécam
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology Julius Maximilian University Würzburg 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Sören Doose
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Julius Maximilian University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine Medical College of Georgia Augusta University Augusta GA 30912 USA
| | | | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Julius Maximilian University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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18
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Mantil E, Crippin T, Ianoul A, Avis TJ. Experimental Parameters Leading to Optimal Bilayers for Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy Visualization. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2017; 23:97-112. [PMID: 28228172 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Supported lipid bilayer systems were evaluated following various experimental procedures in an effort to determine their appropriateness for visualization using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. The incorporation and distribution of Texas Red® 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (TR-DHPE) was studied when incorporated into bilayers of variable lipid composition using different forms of mechanical shearing. Results showed that 0.8 mol% TR-DHPE provides the most optimum TIRF images. At this concentration, a sufficient level of photostability can be achieved without an undesirable increase in TR-DHPE aggregates caused by excess probe molecules. Solutions composed of a 3:1 molar ratio of DOPC:DPPC with 0.8 mol% TR-DHPE produce bilayers that consistently display clear, distinct, rounded domains, whereas other lipid compositions did not. This optimum phase separation appears to be influenced by an increase in mechanical shearing during the vesicle formation process, when the lipid solutions were exposed to sonication and extrusion processes. The combination of a sonication and extrusion process also helped with eliminating the presence of TR-DHPE aggregates within the model membranes. It was also shown that bilayers formed on conditioned glass, placed on a slide, produced more highly detailed bilayers in which distinct lipid phase separation could be optimally visualized using TIRF microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Mantil
- 1Department of Chemistry,Carleton University,1125 Colonel By Drive,Ottawa,ON K1S 5B6,Canada
| | - Trinda Crippin
- 2Department of Biology,Carleton University,1125 Colonel By Drive,Ottawa,ON K1S 5B6,Canada
| | - Anatoli Ianoul
- 1Department of Chemistry,Carleton University,1125 Colonel By Drive,Ottawa,ON K1S 5B6,Canada
| | - Tyler J Avis
- 1Department of Chemistry,Carleton University,1125 Colonel By Drive,Ottawa,ON K1S 5B6,Canada
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19
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Neutral sphingomyelinase (SMPD3) deficiency disrupts the Golgi secretory pathway and causes growth inhibition. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2488. [PMID: 27882938 PMCID: PMC5260872 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Systemic loss of neutral sphingomyelinase (SMPD3) in mice leads to a novel form of systemic, juvenile hypoplasia (dwarfism). SMPD3 deficiency in mainly two growth regulating cell types contributes to the phenotype, in chondrocytes of skeletal growth zones to skeletal malformation and chondrodysplasia, and in hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons to systemic hypothalamus–pituitary–somatotropic hypoplasia. The unbiased smpd3−/− mouse mutant and derived smpd3−/− primary chondrocytes were instrumental in defining the enigmatic role underlying the systemic and cell autonomous role of SMPD3 in the Golgi compartment. Here we describe the unprecedented role of SMPD3. SMPD3 deficiency disrupts homeostasis of sphingomyelin (SM), ceramide (Cer) and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the Golgi SMPD3-SMS1 (SM-synthase1) cycle. Cer and DAG, two fusogenic intermediates, modify the membrane lipid bilayer for the initiation of vesicle formation and transport. Dysproteostasis, unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis perturb the Golgi secretory pathway in the smpd3−/− mouse. Secretion of extracellular matrix proteins is arrested in chondrocytes and causes skeletal malformation and chondrodysplasia. Similarly, retarded secretion of proteo-hormones in hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons leads to hypothalamus induced combined pituitary hormone deficiency. SMPD3 in the regulation of the protein vesicular secretory pathway may become a diagnostic target in the etiology of unknown forms of juvenile growth and developmental inhibition.
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20
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Fekri F, Delos Santos RC, Karshafian R, Antonescu CN. Ultrasound Microbubble Treatment Enhances Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Fluid-Phase Uptake through Distinct Mechanisms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156754. [PMID: 27275866 PMCID: PMC4898768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to tumors is limited by several factors, including drug permeability of the target cell plasma membrane. Ultrasound in combination with microbubbles (USMB) is a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. USMB treatment elicits enhanced cellular uptake of materials such as drugs, in part as a result of sheer stress and formation of transient membrane pores. Pores formed upon USMB treatment are rapidly resealed, suggesting that other processes such as enhanced endocytosis may contribute to the enhanced material uptake by cells upon USMB treatment. How USMB regulates endocytic processes remains incompletely understood. Cells constitutively utilize several distinct mechanisms of endocytosis, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) for the internalization of receptor-bound macromolecules such as Transferrin Receptor (TfR), and distinct mechanism(s) that mediate the majority of fluid-phase endocytosis. Tracking the abundance of TfR on the cell surface and the internalization of its ligand transferrin revealed that USMB acutely enhances the rate of CME. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy experiments revealed that USMB treatment altered the assembly of clathrin-coated pits, the basic structural units of CME. In addition, the rate of fluid-phase endocytosis was enhanced, but with delayed onset upon USMB treatment relative to the enhancement of CME, suggesting that the two processes are distinctly regulated by USMB. Indeed, vacuolin-1 or desipramine treatment prevented the enhancement of CME but not of fluid phase endocytosis upon USMB, suggesting that lysosome exocytosis and acid sphingomyelinase, respectively, are required for the regulation of CME but not fluid phase endocytosis upon USMB treatment. These results indicate that USMB enhances both CME and fluid phase endocytosis through distinct signaling mechanisms, and suggest that strategies for potentiating the enhancement of endocytosis upon USMB treatment may improve targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Fekri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ralph Christian Delos Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raffi Karshafian
- Department of Medical Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (RK); (CNA)
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (RK); (CNA)
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21
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Abstract
Maintenance of cellular homeostasis requires tight and coordinated control of numerous metabolic pathways, which are governed by interconnected networks of signaling pathways and energy-sensing regulators. Autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway by which the cell self-digests its own components, has over the past decade been recognized as an essential part of metabolism. Autophagy not only rids the cell of excessive or damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, and invading microorganisms, it also provides nutrients to maintain crucial cellular functions. Besides serving as essential structural moieties of biomembranes, lipids including sphingolipids are increasingly being recognized as central regulators of a number of important cellular processes, including autophagy. In the present review we describe how sphingolipids, with special emphasis on ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate, can act as physiological regulators of autophagy in relation to cellular and organismal growth, survival, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bang Harvald
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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22
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Villareal VA, Rodgers MA, Costello DA, Yang PL. Targeting host lipid synthesis and metabolism to inhibit dengue and hepatitis C viruses. Antiviral Res 2015; 124:110-21. [PMID: 26526588 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are necessary for every step in the replication cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and dengue virus (DENV), members of the family Flaviviridae. Recent studies have demonstrated that discrete steps in the replication cycles of these viruses can be inhibited by pharmacological agents that target host factors mediating lipid synthesis, metabolism, trafficking, and signal transduction. Despite this, targeting host lipid metabolism and trafficking as an antiviral strategy by blockade of entire pathways may be limited due to host toxicity. Knowledge of the molecular details of lipid structure and function in replication and the mechanisms whereby specific lipids are generated and trafficked to the relevant sites may enable more targeted antiviral strategies without global effects on the host cell. In this review, we discuss lipids demonstrated to be critical to the replication cycles of HCV and DENV and highlight potential areas for anti-viral development. This review article forms part of a symposium on flavivirus drug discovery in Antiviral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Villareal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary A Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deirdre A Costello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priscilla L Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Ekman P, Maula T, Yamaguchi S, Yamamoto T, Nyholm TK, Katsumura S, Slotte J. Formation of an ordered phase by ceramides and diacylglycerols in a fluid phosphatidylcholine bilayer — Correlation with structure and hydrogen bonding capacity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2111-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Translocation of cell-penetrating peptides across the plasma membrane is controlled by cholesterol and microenvironment created by membranous proteins. J Control Release 2014; 192:103-13. [PMID: 25016968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive research in the field of CPPs' cell entry the exact mechanisms underlying their cellular uptake and the role of involved cell surface molecules in the internalization process have remained controversial. The present study focused on the interactions between CPPs and plasma membrane compounds using giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs). GPMVs have shown to be a suitable model to study the translocation of CPPs across the plasma membrane in conditions lacking endocytosis. Our results show that higher cholesterol content and tighter packing of membrane predominantly reduce the accumulation of transportan, TP10 and model amphipathic peptide (MAP) in vesicles, indicating that the internalization of CPPs takes place preferentially via the more dynamic membrane regions. The partial digestion of membrane proteins from GPMVs' surface, on the other hand, drastically reduced the accumulation of nona-arginine and Tat peptide into vesicles, suggesting that proteins play a crucial role in the uptake of arginine-rich CPPs.
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25
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Brock R. The Uptake of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Putting the Puzzle Together. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:863-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500017t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Brock
- Department
of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein
28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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26
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Castro BM, Prieto M, Silva LC. Ceramide: a simple sphingolipid with unique biophysical properties. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 54:53-67. [PMID: 24513486 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides are involved in a variety of cellular processes and in disease. Their biological functions are thought to depend on ceramides' unique biophysical properties, which promote strong alterations of cell membrane properties and consequent triggering of signaling events. Over the last decades, efforts were made to understand the impact of ceramide on membrane biophysical features. Several studies, performed in a multitude of membrane models, address ceramides' specific interactions, the effect of their acyl chain structure and the influence of membrane lipid composition and properties on ceramide biophysical outcome. In this review, a rationale for the multiple and complex changes promoted by ceramide is provided, highlighting, on a comprehensive and critical manner, the interactions between ceramides and specific lipids and/or lipid phases. Focus is also given to the interplay between ceramide and cholesterol, particularly in lipid raft-mimicking mixtures, an issue of intense debate due to the urgent need to understand the biophysical impact of ceramide formation in models resembling the cell membrane. The implications of ceramide-induced biophysical changes on lipid-protein interactions and cell signaling are also discussed, together with the emerging evidence for the existence of ceramide-gel like domains in cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Castro
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Complexo I, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel Prieto
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Complexo I, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liana C Silva
- iMed.UL - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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27
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Ramirez DMC, Jakubek ZJ, Lu Z, Ogilvie WW, Johnston LJ. Changes in order parameters associated with ceramide-mediated membrane reorganization measured using pTIRFM. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:15907-15918. [PMID: 24308875 DOI: 10.1021/la403585v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic generation of ceramide has significant effects on the biophysical properties of lipid bilayers and can lead to the extensive reorganization of cell membranes. We have synthesized and characterized a headgroup-labeled fluorescent lipid probe (NBD-ceramide, NBD-Cer) and demonstrated that it can be used for polarized total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy experiments to probe changes in membrane order that result from ceramide incorporation. NBD-Cer measures significantly higher order parameters for the liquid-ordered (Lo) domains ([P2] = 0.40 ± 0.03) than for the liquid-disordered phase (Ld, fluid, [P2] = 0.22 ± 0.02) of phase-separated bilayers prepared from egg sphingomyelin, dioleolyphosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol mixtures. The probe also responds to changes in packing induced by the direct incorporation of ceramide or the variation in the ionic strength of the aqueous medium. Order parameter maps obtained after enzyme treatment of bilayers with coexisting Lo and Ld phases show two distinct types of behavior. In regions of high enzyme activity, the initial Lo/Ld domains are replaced by large, dark features that have high membrane order corroborating previous hypotheses that these are ceramide-enriched regions of the membrane. In areas of low enzyme activity, the size and shape of the Lo domains are conserved, but there is an increase in the order parameter for the initial Ld phase ([P2] = 0.30 ± 0.01). This is attributed to the incorporation of ceramide in the Lo domains with the concomitant expulsion of cholesterol into the surrounding fluid phase, increasing its order parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Carter Ramirez
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council of Canada , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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28
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Aureli M, Samarani M, Loberto N, Bassi R, Murdica V, Prioni S, Prinetti A, Sonnino S. The Glycosphingolipid Hydrolases in the Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 50:76-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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Lin CY, Chao L. Tunable nucleation time of functional sphingomyelinase--lipid features studied by membrane array statistic tool. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13008-17. [PMID: 24059643 DOI: 10.1021/la401826b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation or assembly of lipids and proteins could significantly change the proteins' function. A peripheral membrane enzyme, sphingomyelinase (SMase), has been reported to be able to assemble to a functional feature with its lipid substrate, sphingomyelin (SM), and its lipid product, ceramide (Cer). SMase seems to processes its substrate more effectively in this feature. Here, we report that the functional feature has a tunable formation time. The peculiar behavior is that the feature formation has a time lag depending on the membrane composition. We hypothesized that the time lag is due to the significant nucleation energy barrier when the feature phase forms in its metastable parent phase in the 2-D lipid membrane. To study the stochastic nucleation of the feature, we built a corralled lipid membrane platform with numerous isolated membrane systems in parallel to capture the nucleation statistics. Using the high-throughput approach and the appropriate experimental design to circumvent the interplay of the complicated phase segregation in membranes induced by SMase, we found that the nucleation rate of the feature can be tuned by the supersaturation of the enzyme, the lipid substrate, and the lipid product, in the fluid phase of the membrane. The correlation between the supersaturation and the nucleation rate can be well described by the classical nucleation theory equation, suggesting that the feature formation follows the nucleation process with a certain component ratio specified in the equation. The certain relative component ratio suggests that the feature may have certain organization instead of being random aggregation. In addition, our finding suggests that nucleation could serve as a time lag control mechanism in this enzymatic system, and ways to reduce nucleation energy barrier could be used to shorten the aggregation time lag and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charng-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
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30
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Cubí R, Candalija A, Ortega A, Gil C, Aguilera J. Tetanus Toxin Hc Fragment Induces the Formation of Ceramide Platforms and Protects Neuronal Cells against Oxidative Stress. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68055. [PMID: 23826362 PMCID: PMC3694913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetanus toxin (TeTx) is the protein, synthesized by the anaerobic bacteria Clostridium tetani, which causes tetanus disease. TeTx gains entry into target cells by means of its interaction with lipid rafts, which are membrane domains enriched in sphingomyelin and cholesterol. However, the exact mechanism of host membrane binding remains to be fully established. In the present study we used the recombinant carboxyl terminal fragment from TeTx (Hc-TeTx), the domain responsible for target neuron binding, showing that Hc-TeTx induces a moderate but rapid and sustained increase in the ceramide/sphingomyelin ratio in primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons and in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells, as well as induces the formation of ceramide platforms in the plasma membrane. The mentioned increase is due to the promotion of neutral sphingomyelinase activity and not to the de novo synthesis, since GW4869, a specific neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor, prevents neutral sphingomyelinase activity increase and formation of ceramide platforms. Moreover, neutral sphingomyelinase inhibition with GW4869 prevents Hc-TeTx-triggered signaling (Akt phosphorylation), as well as the protective effect of Hc-TeTx on PC12 cells subjected to oxidative stress, while siRNA directed against nSM2 prevents protection by Hc-TeTx of NSC-34 cells against oxidative insult. Finally, neutral sphingomyelinase activity seems not to be related with the internalization of Hc-TeTx into PC12 cells. Thus, the presented data shed light on the mechanisms triggered by TeTx after membrane binding, which could be related with the events leading to the neuroprotective action exerted by the Hc-TeTx fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Cubí
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ana Candalija
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav-IPN, México DF, Mexico
| | - Carles Gil
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - José Aguilera
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Li JJ, Yip CM. Super-resolved FT-IR spectroscopy: Strategies, challenges, and opportunities for membrane biophysics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:2272-82. [PMID: 23500349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Direct correlation of molecular conformation with local structure is critical to studies of protein- and peptide-membrane interactions, particularly in the context of membrane-facilitated aggregation, and disruption or disordering. Infrared spectroscopy has long been a mainstay for determining molecular conformation, following folding dynamics, and characterizing reactions. While tremendous advances have been made in improving the spectral and temporal resolution of infrared spectroscopy, it has only been with the introduction of scanned-probe techniques that exploit the raster-scanning tip as either a source, scattering tool, or measurement probe that researchers have been able to obtain sub-diffraction limit IR spectra. This review will examine the history of correlated scanned-probe IR spectroscopies, from their inception to their use in studies of molecular aggregates, membrane domains, and cellular structures. The challenges and opportunities that these platforms present for examining dynamic phenomena will be discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: FTIR in membrane proteins and peptide studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3E1
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32
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Ramirez DMC, Pitre SP, Kim YA, Bittman R, Johnston LJ. Photouncaging of ceramides promotes reorganization of liquid-ordered domains in supported lipid bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:3380-3387. [PMID: 23402522 PMCID: PMC3607952 DOI: 10.1021/la3039158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
6-Bromo-7-hydroxycoumarin (Bhc)-caged ceramide (Cer) analogs were incorporated into supported lipid bilayers containing a mixture of coexisting liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) phases. The release of N-palmitoyl and N-butanoyl-D-erythro-sphingosine (C16- and C4-Cer) by the photolysis of caged Cers using long-wavelength UV light was studied using a combination of atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. This approach demonstrated the ability to generate Cer with spatial and temporal control, providing an alternative method to the enzymatic generation of Cer. The generation of C16-Cer from Bhc-C16-Cer disrupted the Lo domains, with the incorporation of small fluid-phase regions and the disappearance of some smaller domains. Cer-rich gel-phase domains were not observed, in contrast to results reported by either direct Cer incorporation or enzymatic Cer generation. The photorelease of C4-Cer from Bhc-C4-Cer resulted in qualitatively similar changes in bilayer morphology, with the disappearance of some Lo domains and no evidence of Cer-rich gel domains but with a smaller height difference between the ordered and disordered phases.
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Ale EC, Maggio B, Fanani ML. Ordered-disordered domain coexistence in ternary lipid monolayers activates sphingomyelinase by clearing ceramide from the active phase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:2767-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Barth BM, Gustafson SJ, Hankins JL, Kaiser JM, Haakenson JK, Kester M, Kuhn TB. Ceramide kinase regulates TNFα-stimulated NADPH oxidase activity and eicosanoid biosynthesis in neuroblastoma cells. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1126-33. [PMID: 22230689 PMCID: PMC3338860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A persistent inflammatory reaction is a hallmark of chronic and acute pathologies in the central nervous system (CNS) and greatly exacerbates neuronal degeneration. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of inflammatory processes provoking oxidative stress, eicosanoid biosynthesis, and the production of bioactive lipids. We established in neuronal cells that TNFα exposure dramatically increased Mg(2+)-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) activity thus generating the bioactive lipid mediator ceramide essential for subsequent NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation and oxidative stress. Since many of the pleiotropic effects of ceramide are attributable to its metabolites, we examined whether ceramide kinase (CerK), converting ceramide to ceramide-1-phosphate, is implicated both in NOX activation and enhanced eicosanoid production in neuronal cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that TNFα exposure of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma caused a profound increase in CerK activity. Depleting CerK activity using either siRNA or pharmacology completely negated NOX activation and eicosanoid biosynthesis yet, more importantly, rescued neuronal viability in the presence of TNFα. These findings provided evidence for a critical function of ceramide-1-phospate and thus CerK activity in directly linking sphingolipid metabolism to oxidative stress. This vital role of CerK in CNS inflammation could provide a novel therapeutic approach to intervene with the adverse consequences of a progressive CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Barth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Sally J. Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775
| | - Jody L. Hankins
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - James M. Kaiser
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Jeremy K. Haakenson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Thomas B. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775
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Wu PL, Chiu CR, Huang WN, Wu WG. The role of sulfatide lipid domains in the membrane pore-forming activity of cobra cardiotoxin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:1378-85. [PMID: 22387431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cobra CTX A3, the major cardiotoxin (CTX) from Naja atra, is a cytotoxic, basic β-sheet polypeptide that is known to induce a transient membrane leakage of cardiomyocytes through a sulfatide-dependent CTX membrane pore formation and internalization mechanism. The molecular specificity of CTX A3-sulfatide interaction at atomic levels has also been shown by both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray diffraction techniques to reveal a role of CTX-induced sulfatide conformational changes for CTX A3 binding and dimer formation. In this study, we investigate the role of sulfatide lipid domains in CTX pore formation by various biophysical methods, including fluorescence imaging and atomic force microscopy, and suggest an important role of liquid-disordered (ld) and solid-ordered (so) phase boundary in lipid domains to facilitate the process. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies on the kinetics of membrane leakage and CTX oligomerization further reveal that, although most CTXs can oligomerize on membranes, only a small fraction of CTXs oligomerizations form leakage pores. We therefore suggest that CTX binding at the boundary between the so and so/ld phase coexistence sulfatide lipid domains could form effective pores to significantly enhance the CTX-induced membrane leakage of sulfatide-containing phosphatidylcholine vesicles. The model is consistent with our earlier observations that CTX may penetrate and lyse the bilayers into small aggregates at a lipid/protein molar ratio of about 20 in the ripple P(β)' phase of phosphatidylcholine bilayers and suggest a novel mechanism for the synergistic action of cobra secretary phospholipase A2 and CTXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Long Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Vandenesch F, Lina G, Henry T. Staphylococcus aureus hemolysins, bi-component leukocidins, and cytolytic peptides: a redundant arsenal of membrane-damaging virulence factors? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:12. [PMID: 22919604 PMCID: PMC3417661 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One key aspect of the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus lies in its ability to target the host cell membrane with a large number of membrane-damaging toxins and peptides. In this review, we describe the hemolysins, the bi-component leukocidins (which include the Panton Valentine leukocidin, LukAB/GH, and LukED), and the cytolytic peptides (phenol soluble modulins). While at first glance, all of these factors might appear redundant, it is now clear that some of these factors play specific roles in certain S. aureus life stages and diseases or target specific cell types or species. In this review, we present an update of the literature on toxin receptors and their cell type and species specificities. Furthermore, we review epidemiological studies and animal models illustrating the role of these membrane-damaging factors in various diseases. Finally, we emphasize the interplay of these factors with the host immune system and highlight all their non-lytic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Vandenesch
- Bacterial Pathogenesis and Innate Immunity Laboratory, INSERM U851 "Immunity, Infection and Vaccination," Lyon, France
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Cambi A, Lidke DS. Nanoscale membrane organization: where biochemistry meets advanced microscopy. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:139-49. [PMID: 22004174 DOI: 10.1021/cb200326g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that shape an effective cellular response is a fundamental question in biology. Biochemical measurements have revealed critical information about the order of protein-protein interactions along signaling cascades but lack the resolution to determine kinetics and localization of interactions on the plasma membrane. Furthermore, the local membrane environment influences membrane receptor distributions and dynamics, which in turn influences signal transduction. To measure dynamic protein interactions and elucidate the consequences of membrane architecture interplay, direct measurements at high spatiotemporal resolution are needed. In this review, we discuss the biochemical principles regulating membrane nanodomain formation and protein function, ranging from the lipid nanoenvironment to the cortical cytoskeleton. We also discuss recent advances in fluorescence microscopy that are making it possible to quantify protein organization and biochemical events at the nanoscale in the living cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Tumor Immunology,
Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diane S. Lidke
- Department of Pathology and
Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
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39
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Gangliosides and the multiscale modulation of membrane structure. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:796-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chao L, Chen F, Jensen KF, Hatton TA. Two-dimensional solvent-mediated phase transformation in lipid membranes induced by sphingomyelinase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:10050-10060. [PMID: 21675765 DOI: 10.1021/la2015836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The spatial pattern changes in model raft membranes during sphingomyelinase (SMase)-induced solvent-mediated phase transformation are characterized in terms of a model that combines three major kinetic processes suggested by experimental observations: the release of sphingomyelin (SM) by the dissolution of SM-enriched domains within the raft membrane, the diffusion of SM from the dissolution sites to the reaction site in a solvent-like fluid lipid phase, and the consumption of SM by the enzymatic reaction at this reaction site, termed an SMase feature. Such processes may be responsible for the control of morphological changes in cell membrane organization, which are suggested to influence the signal transduction through the cell membrane walls. The model predictions are shown to be consistent with our previously reported experimental results. We numerically evaluated the range of possible scenarios of spatial pattern change and provide analytical expressions for SM-domain-area change rates and total dissolution times for several limiting cases. The model results suggest that it may be possible to tune the pattern changes by adjusting the relative importance of each of the three kinetic processes, which can be discriminated through experimentally measurable time-dependent SM concentration distributions or SM-domain-area variations with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Pinto SN, Silva LC, Futerman AH, Prieto M. Effect of ceramide structure on membrane biophysical properties: the role of acyl chain length and unsaturation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2753-60. [PMID: 21835161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide is an important bioactive sphingolipid involved in a variety of biological processes. The mechanisms by which ceramide regulates biological events are not fully understood, but may involve alterations in the biophysical properties of membranes. We now examine the properties of ceramide with different acyl chains including long chain (C16- and C18-), very long chain (C24-) and unsaturated (C18:1- and C24:1-) ceramides, in phosphatidylcholine model membranes. Our results show that i) saturated ceramides have a stronger impact on the fluid membrane, increasing its order and promoting gel/fluid phase separation, while their unsaturated counterparts have a lower (C24:1-) or no (C18:1-) ability to form gel domains at 37°C; ii) differences between saturated species are smaller and are mainly related to the morphology and size of the gel domains, and iii) very long chain ceramides form tubular structures likely due to their ability to form interdigitated phases. These results suggest that generation of different ceramide species in cell membranes has a distinct biophysical impact with acyl chain saturation dictating membrane lateral organization, and chain asymmetry governing interdigitation and membrane morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N Pinto
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Lisboa, Portugal
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Investigating the effect of a single glycine to alanine substitution on interactions of antimicrobial peptide latarcin 2a with a lipid membrane. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2011; 40:1087-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-011-0726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Carter Ramirez DM, Ding J, Guan J, Vobornik D, Carnini A, Ogilvie WW, Jakubek ZJ, Johnston LJ. A Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach for enhancing fluorescence contrast in phase-separated membranes. CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v10-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The partitioning of the dye-labeled lipid probe, NBD-DHPE (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) (ammonium salt)), was examined by fluorescence microscopy in phase-separated lipid bilayers with mixtures of coexisting liquid-ordered and fluid phases. This probe shows slightly higher fluorescence intensity in the ordered domains but undergoes a contrast reversal to give a more strongly fluorescent fluid phase in the presence of >0.2% Texas red-DHPE (TR-DHPE). The change in contrast is shown to result from Förster resonance energy transfer between the NBD donor and TR acceptor in the fluid phase, which has a TR concentration that is approximately 3 times higher than in the domains. An alternate approach using a nitroxide-substituted lipid that partitions into the fluid phase as a quencher, was also examined as a means to enhance the contrast; however, the quencher modified the behaviour of the bilayer. The energy transfer method for enhancing the contrast between ordered and fluid phases was used to examine the morphology of enzyme-treated bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Carter Ramirez
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jason Ding
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jack Guan
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dusan Vobornik
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anna Carnini
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - William W. Ogilvie
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Zygmunt J. Jakubek
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Linda J. Johnston
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6 ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Georgieva R, Koumanov K, Momchilova A, Tessier C, Staneva G. Effect of sphingosine on domain morphology in giant vesicles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 350:502-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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46
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Fanani ML, Hartel S, Maggio B, De Tullio L, Jara J, Olmos F, Oliveira RG. The action of sphingomyelinase in lipid monolayers as revealed by microscopic image analysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1309-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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López-Montero I, Monroy F, Vélez M, Devaux PF. Ceramide: From lateral segregation to mechanical stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1348-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Sterol affinity for bilayer membranes is affected by their ceramide content and the ceramide chain length. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1008-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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49
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El Kirat K, Morandat S, Dufrêne YF. Nanoscale analysis of supported lipid bilayers using atomic force microscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:750-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Ramirez DMC, Ogilvie WW, Johnston LJ. NBD-cholesterol probes to track cholesterol distribution in model membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:558-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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