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Gondois-Rey F, Miller T, Laletin V, Morelli X, Collette Y, Nunès J, Olive D. CD47-SIRPα Controls ADCC Killing of Primary T Cells by PMN Through a Combination of Trogocytosis and NADPH Oxidase Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899068. [PMID: 35795660 PMCID: PMC9252436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting the “don’t eat me” myeloid checkpoint constituted by CD47 SIRPα interaction have promising clinical potential but are limited by toxicities associated with the destruction of non-tumor cells. These dose-limiting toxicities demonstrate the need to highlight the mechanisms of anti–CD47-SIRPα therapy effects on non-tumor CD47-bearing cells. Given the increased incidence of lymphopenia in patients receiving anti-CD47 antibodies and the strong ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) effector function of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), we investigated the behavior of primary PMNs cocultured with primary T cells in the presence of anti-CD47 mAbs. PMNs killed T cells in a CD47-mAb–dependent manner and at a remarkably potent PMN to T cell ratio of 1:1. The observed cytotoxicity was produced by a novel combination of both trogocytosis and a strong respiratory burst induced by classical ADCC and CD47-SIRPα checkpoint blockade. The complex effect of the CD47 blocking mAb could be recapitulated by combining its individual mechanistic elements: ADCC, SIRPα blockade, and ROS induction. Although previous studies had concluded that disruption of SIRPα signaling in PMNs was limited to trogocytosis-specific cytotoxicity, our results suggest that SIRPα also tightly controls activation of NADPH oxidase, a function demonstrated during differentiation of immature PMNs but not so far in mature PMNs. Together, our results highlight the need to integrate PMNs in the development of molecules targeting the CD47-SIRPα immune checkpoint and to design agents able to enhance myeloid cell function while limiting adverse effects on healthy cells able to participate in the anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Gondois-Rey
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Françoise Gondois-Rey, ; Thomas W. Miller, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Thomas Miller
- Integrated Chemical and Structural Biology Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Françoise Gondois-Rey, ; Thomas W. Miller, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Vladimir Laletin
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier Morelli
- Integrated Chemical and Structural Biology Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Yves Collette
- Integrated Chemical and Structural Biology Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Nunès
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Immunity and Cancer Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University UM105, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Françoise Gondois-Rey, ; Thomas W. Miller, ; Daniel Olive,
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Cagnina RE, Michels KR, Bettina AM, Burdick MD, Scindia Y, Zhang Z, Braciale TJ, Mehrad B. Neutrophil-Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor Drives Fungal Acute Lung Injury in Chronic Granulomatous Disease. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1225-1235. [PMID: 33822981 PMCID: PMC8682762 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) results from deficiency of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase and impaired reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This leads to impaired killing of Aspergillus and, independently, a pathologic hyperinflammatory response to the organism. We hypothesized that neutrophil-derived ROS inhibit the inflammatory response to Aspergillus and that acute lung injury in CGD is due to failure of this regulation. Mice with gp91phox deficiency, the most common CGD mutation, had more severe lung injury, increased neutrophilinfiltration, and increased lung tumor necrosis factor (TNF) after Aspergillus challenge compared with wild-types. Neutrophils were surprisingly the predominant source of TNF in gp91phox-deficient lungs. TNF neutralization inhibited neutrophil recruitment in gp91phox-deficient mice and protected from lung injury. We propose that, in normal hosts, Aspergillus stimulates TNF-dependent neutrophil recruitment to the lungs and neutrophil-derived ROS limit inflammation. In CGD, in contrast, recruited neutrophils are the dominant source of TNF, promoting further neutrophil recruitment in a pathologic positive-feedback cycle, resulting in progressive lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Elaine Cagnina
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn R Michels
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexandra M Bettina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Marie D Burdick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,Virginia, USA
| | - Yogesh Scindia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas J Braciale
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Jiang A, Zhang Y, Wu D, Li S, Liu Z, Yang Z, Wei Z. Sodium molybdate induces heterophil extracellular traps formation in chicken. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 210:111886. [PMID: 33421725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is not only an important rare metal that is widely used in industrial production but also an essential trace element for plants and animals. Nevertheless, in Mo polluted areas, excess Mo intake will not only cause gout in humans but also cause diarrhea in livestock and growth inhibition of chickens. Heterophils extracellular traps (HETs) are an important way to clear pathogens in the innate immune system of the chicken. However, the effects of Mo on the innate immune responses of HETs formation in chicken, and the mechanism undergoing this phenomenon remain unknown. In the study, we firstly aim to investigate the effects of sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) on chicken HETs formation in vitro, and further to explore its related metabolic requirements and molecular mechanisms. Chicken heterophils were cultured with Na2MoO4, and Na2MoO4-induced HETs structures were analyzed by confocal microscopy. Moreover, Na2MoO4-induced HETs were quantified by Quant-iT PicoGreen® dsDNA Assay kits and fluorescence microplate. It has been shown that Na2MoO4 truly triggered HETs-like structures that were composed of DNA decorated with citrullinated histone 3 (citH3) and elastase. The inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway significantly reduced Na2MoO4-induced HETs formation. Further experiments on energy metabolism involving Na2MoO4-induced HETs formation showed that Na2MoO4-induced HETs release was relevant to glucose, and the inhibitors of glycolysis including 3PO, AZD23766 and 3-Bromopyuvic acid, the inhibitors of glucose transport including STF31 and Ritonavir and NSC23766 significantly decreased Na2MoO4-induced HETs formation. In summary, these results demonstrate that Mo does induce chicken HETs formation in vitro, and the formation of HETs is a process relying on glucose transport 1 (GLUT1),glucose transport 4 (GLUT4), glycolysis, and ROS production depended on the activation of NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways, which also reflects the early innate immune responses of chicken against excessive molybdenum intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Shuangqiu Li
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, PR China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, PR China.
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Han Z, Zhang Y, Wang C, Liu X, Jiang A, Liu Z, Wang J, Yang Z, Wei Z. Ochratoxin A-Triggered Chicken Heterophil Extracellular Traps Release through Reactive Oxygen Species Production Dependent on Activation of NADPH Oxidase, ERK, and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:11230-11235. [PMID: 31523955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin which could cause strong immunosuppressive toxicological effects in animals and humans. Heterophil extracellular traps (HETs) as a novel defense of chicken heterophils play an important role against pathogen infection. It has been reported that OTA can weaken the phagocytosis function of neutrophils. However, whether or not OTA shows immunosuppressive effects on HET release remains unclear. In the present study, we aim to first investigate the effects of OTA on HET release and then try to clarify the mechanisms in this process. OTA-induced HET structures were observed and analyzed by fluorescence confocal microscopy. The quantitative determination of OTA-induced HETs was measured by PicoGreen and a fluorescence microplate. The results clearly showed that OTA obviously induced the release of HET-like structures in heterophils, and these extracellular networks were composed by chromatin decorated with histones and neutrophil elastase. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also increased in the process of OTA-induced HET formation. Furthermore, the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, ERK [Formula: see text], and p38 MAPK signaling pathways significantly decreased OTA-induced HET formation. The abovementioned results suggest that OTA-induced HET formation is related to ROS production dependent on the activation of NADPH oxidase, ERK [Formula: see text], and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Taken together, this study first shows that OTA possesses the ability to trigger HET formation, which provides our understanding of the host that continuously suffered OTA exposure leading to the hyporeactivity of the immune system against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Han
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering , Foshan University , Foshan 528225 , Guangdong Province , China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering , Foshan University , Foshan 528225 , Guangdong Province , China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun 130062 , Jilin Province , PR China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering , Foshan University , Foshan 528225 , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering , Foshan University , Foshan 528225 , Guangdong Province , China
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5
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Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies affecting the function of neutrophils and other phagocytic leukocytes are notable for an increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections as a result of impaired leukocyte recruitment, ingestion, and/or killing of microbes. The underlying molecular defects can also impact other innate immune responses to infectious and inflammatory stimuli, leading to inflammatory and autoimmune complications that are not always directly related to infection. This review will provide an update on congenital disorders affecting neutrophil function in which a combination of host defense and inflammatory complications are prominent, including nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate oxidase defects in chronic granulomatous disease and β2 integrin defects in leukocyte adhesion deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Zhang M, Chiang YH, Toruño TY, Lee D, Ma M, Liang X, Lal NK, Lemos M, Lu YJ, Ma S, Liu J, Day B, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Dehesh K, Dou D, Zhou JM, Coaker G. The MAP4 Kinase SIK1 Ensures Robust Extracellular ROS Burst and Antibacterial Immunity in Plants. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 24:379-391.e5. [PMID: 30212650 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial patterns are recognized by cell-surface receptors to initiate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs), such as BIK1, and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are engaged during PTI to activate the NADPH oxidase RBOHD for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It is unknown whether protein kinases besides CPKs and RLCKs participate in RBOHD regulation. We screened mutants in all ten Arabidopsis MAP4 kinases (MAP4Ks) and identified the conserved MAP4K SIK1 as a positive regulator of PTI. sik1 mutants were compromised in their ability to elicit the ROS burst in response to microbial features and exhibited compromised PTI to bacterial infection. SIK1 directly interacts with, phosphorylates, and stabilizes BIK1 in a kinase activity-dependent manner. Furthermore, SIK1 directly interacts with and phosphorylates RBOHD upon flagellin perception. Thus, SIK1 positively regulates immunity by stabilizing BIK1 and activating RBOHD to promote the extracellular ROS burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tania Y Toruño
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - DongHyuk Lee
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Miaomiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Neeraj K Lal
- Department of Plant Biology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mark Lemos
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yi-Ju Lu
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shisong Ma
- Department of Plant Biology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Tseng HC, Lin CC, Wang CY, Yang CC, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Lysophosphatidylcholine induces cyclooxygenase-2-dependent IL-6 expression in human cardiac fibroblasts. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4599-4617. [PMID: 30229288 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) has been shown to induce the expression of inflammatory proteins, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), associated with cardiac fibrosis. Here, we demonstrated that LysoPC-induced COX-2 and IL-6 expression was inhibited by silencing NADPH oxidase 1, 2, 4, 5; p65; and FoxO1 in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). LysoPC-induced IL-6 expression was attenuated by a COX-2 inhibitor. LysoPC-induced responses were mediated via the NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species-dependent JNK1/2 phosphorylation pathway, leading to NF-κB and FoxO1 activation. In addition, we demonstrated that both FoxO1 and p65 regulated COX-2 promoter activity stimulated by LysoPC. Overexpression of wild-type FoxO1 and S256D FoxO1 enhanced COX-2 promoter activity and protein expression in HCFs. These results were confirmed by ex vivo studies, where LysoPC-induced COX-2 and IL-6 expression was attenuated by the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, NF-κB, and FoxO1. Our findings demonstrate that LysoPC-induced COX-2 expression is mediated via NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species generation linked to the JNK1/2-dependent pathway leading to FoxO1 and NF-κB activation in HCFs. LysoPC-induced COX-2-dependent IL-6 expression provided novel insights into the therapeutic targets of the cardiac fibrotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ching Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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8
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Wenzel P, Kossmann S, Münzel T, Daiber A. Redox regulation of cardiovascular inflammation - Immunomodulatory function of mitochondrial and Nox-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:48-60. [PMID: 28108279 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major hallmark of cardiovascular diseases although a causal link was so far not proven by large clinical trials. However, there is a close association between oxidative stress and inflammation and increasing evidence for a causal role of (low-grade) inflammation for the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases, which may serve as the missing link between oxidative stress and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. With the present review we would like to highlight the multiple redox regulated pathways in inflammation, discuss the sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are of interest for these processes and finally discuss the importance of angiotensin II (AT-II) as a trigger of cardiovascular inflammation and the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wenzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Kossmann
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany.
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9
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Glyan'ko AK, Ischenko AA. [Immunity of a leguminous plant infected by nodular bacteria Rhizobium spp. F.]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2017; 53:136-145. [PMID: 29508970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies of the immune system of leguminous plants infected with nodular bacteria (rhizobia) are summarized. The possibility of blocking the invasion of rhizobia into plant organs not affected by the primary infection is discussed. The concept of local and systemic resistance of the leguminous plant to rhizobial infection is introduced. The Nod factors of rhizobia are considered, as well as the plant receptors that interact with these factors upon the formation of symbiosis of the plant and bacteria. The role of bacterial surface exopolysaccharides in the suppression of the protective system of the plants is discussed. The innate immunity of leguminous plant cells is assumed to affect the formation and functioning of the symbiosis of the plant and the bacteria.
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10
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Couto D, Niebergall R, Liang X, Bücherl CA, Sklenar J, Macho AP, Ntoukakis V, Derbyshire P, Altenbach D, Maclean D, Robatzek S, Uhrig J, Menke F, Zhou JM, Zipfel C. The Arabidopsis Protein Phosphatase PP2C38 Negatively Regulates the Central Immune Kinase BIK1. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005811. [PMID: 27494702 PMCID: PMC4975489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via cell surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to PRR-triggered immunity (PTI). The Arabidopsis cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 is a downstream substrate of several PRR complexes. How plant PTI is negatively regulated is not fully understood. Here, we identify the protein phosphatase PP2C38 as a negative regulator of BIK1 activity and BIK1-mediated immunity. PP2C38 dynamically associates with BIK1, as well as with the PRRs FLS2 and EFR, but not with the co-receptor BAK1. PP2C38 regulates PAMP-induced BIK1 phosphorylation and impairs the phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase RBOHD by BIK1, leading to reduced oxidative burst and stomatal immunity. Upon PAMP perception, PP2C38 is phosphorylated on serine 77 and dissociates from the FLS2/EFR-BIK1 complexes, enabling full BIK1 activation. Together with our recent work on the control of BIK1 turnover, this study reveals another important regulatory mechanism of this central immune component. Plants use immune receptors at the cell surface to perceive microbial molecules and initiate a broad-spectrum defence response against pathogens. However, the induction and amplitude of immune signalling must be tightly regulated. Immune responses are triggered by ligand binding to a cognate receptor, which is present in dynamic kinase complexes that heavily rely on trans-phosphorylation to initiate signalling. The cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 associates with different immune receptors and plays a central role in the activation of downstream immune signalling. We show here that the Arabidopsis thaliana protein phosphatase PP2C38 negatively regulates immune responses by controlling the phosphorylation and activation status of BIK1. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism that relieves this negative regulation involving PP2C38 phosphorylation and dissociation from BIK1. These findings extend our knowledge on how plant immunity is appropriately regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Couto
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Roda Niebergall
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jan Sklenar
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto P. Macho
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Vardis Ntoukakis
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Derbyshire
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Altenbach
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dan Maclean
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Robatzek
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim Uhrig
- Botanical Institute III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Menke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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11
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Kim Y, Miyashita M, Miyagawa H. Early signaling events induced by the peptide elicitor PIP-1 necessary for acetosyringone accumulation in tobacco cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1054-7. [PMID: 26924306 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1151342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A peptide elicitor PIP-1 induces defense-related secondary metabolites such as phytoalexin capsidiol in tobacco cells. In this study, we identified one of other metabolites induced by PIP-1 as acetosyringone. Unlike capsidiol accumulation that requires long-term stimulation with PIP-1, acetosyringone was induced by short-term stimulation with PIP-1. The importance of NADPH oxidase in the acetosyringone induction was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyun Kim
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences , Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyashita
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences , Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hisashi Miyagawa
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences , Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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12
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Yang HT, Yang MC, Sun JJ, Shi XZ, Zhao XF, Wang JX. Dual oxidases participate in the regulation of intestinal microbiotic homeostasis in the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. Dev Comp Immunol 2016; 59:153-163. [PMID: 26845611 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The metazoan gut lumen harbors numerous microbial communities. Tolerance for high bacterial counts and maintenance of microbiota homeostasis remain insufficiently studied. In this study, we identified a novel dual oxidase (MjDUOX2) involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. MjDUOX2 is a transmembrane protein with an N-signal peptide region (19 aa) and a peroxidase homology domain (PHD, 554 aa) in the extracellular region; seven transmembrane regions; and three EF (calcium-binding region) domains (110 aa), a FAD-binding domain (104 aa), and a NAD-binding domain (156 aa) in the intracellular region. The novel MjDUOX2 exhibits a relatively low similarity (26.84% identity) to a previously reported DUOX in the shrimp (designated as MjDUOX1). The mRNA of MjDUOXs was widely distributed in the hemocytes, heart, hepatopancreas, gills, stomach, and intestine. Oral infection of the shrimp with pathogenic bacteria upregulated the mRNA expression of MjDUOXs and increased the ROS level in the intestine. However, High ROS level could inhibit the expression of MjDUOXs in shrimp after Vibrio anguillarum infection. Knockdown of MjDUOXs by RNA interference (RNAi) decreased the ROS level, increased the bacterial count in the intestine, and decreased the survival rate of the MjDUOX-RNAi shrimp infected with V. anguillarum. These results suggest that MjDUOXs play an important role for microbiota homeostasis in intestine of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Ming-Chong Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jie-Jie Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
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13
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Abstract
Tregs are critical for control of self-reactive T cells that escape thymic selection and end up in the periphery. Treg subsets suppress effector T cell populations through the secretion of immunosuppressive molecules and inhibitory cytokines as well as cell contact-dependent mechanisms. In this issue of the JCI, Wen and colleagues describe another mechanism by which Tregs suppress effector T cell populations. Specifically, the authors reveal that CD8+ T cells in close contact with target T cells release NADPH oxidase 2-containing microvesicles that inhibit TCR activation by elevating ROS and thereby reducing phosphorylation of the TCR-associated kinase ZAP70. Together, the results of this study provide important insight into CD8+ Treg function and into the development of autoimmunity in older individuals.
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Wen Z, Shimojima Y, Shirai T, Li Y, Ju J, Yang Z, Tian L, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. NADPH oxidase deficiency underlies dysfunction of aged CD8+ Tregs. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1953-67. [PMID: 27088800 DOI: 10.1172/jci84181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune aging results in progressive loss of both protective immunity and T cell-mediated suppression, thereby conferring susceptibility to a combination of immunodeficiency and chronic inflammatory disease. Here, we determined that older individuals fail to generate immunosuppressive CD8+CCR7+ Tregs, a defect that is even more pronounced in the age-related vasculitic syndrome giant cell arteritis. In young, healthy individuals, CD8+CCR7+ Tregs are localized in T cell zones of secondary lymphoid organs, suppress activation and expansion of CD4 T cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of membrane-proximal signaling molecules, and effectively inhibit proliferative expansion of CD4 T cells in vitro and in vivo. We identified deficiency of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) as the molecular underpinning of CD8 Treg failure in the older individuals and in patients with giant cell arteritis. CD8 Tregs suppress by releasing exosomes that carry preassembled NOX2 membrane clusters and are taken up by CD4 T cells. Overexpression of NOX2 in aged CD8 Tregs promptly restored suppressive function. Together, our data support NOX2 as a critical component of the suppressive machinery of CD8 Tregs and suggest that repairing NOX2 deficiency in these cells may protect older individuals from tissue-destructive inflammatory disease, such as large-vessel vasculitis.
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15
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Kadota Y, Shirasu K, Zipfel C. Regulation of the NADPH Oxidase RBOHD During Plant Immunity. Plant Cell Physiol 2015; 56:1472-80. [PMID: 25941234 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen recognition induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidases in both plants and animals. ROS have direct antimicrobial properties, but also serve as signaling molecules to activate further immune outputs. However, ROS production has to be tightly controlled to avoid detrimental effects on host cells, but yet must be produced in the right amount, at the right place and at the right time upon pathogen perception. Plant NADPH oxidases belong to the respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) family, which contains 10 members in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) leads to a rapid, specific and strong production of ROS, which is dependent on RBOHD. RBOHD is mainly controlled by Ca(2+) via direct binding to EF-hand motifs and phosphorylation by Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases. Recent studies have, however, revealed a critical role for a Ca(2+)-independent regulation of RBOHD. The plasma membrane-associated cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 (BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1), which is a direct substrate of the PRR complex, directly interacts with and phosphorylates RBOHD upon PAMP perception. Impairment of these phosphorylation events completely abolishes the function of RBOHD in immunity. These results suggest that RBOHD activity is tightly controlled by multilayered regulations. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling RBOHD activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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16
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Reichel M, Muñoz-Caro T, Sanchez Contreras G, Rubio García A, Magdowski G, Gärtner U, Taubert A, Hermosilla C. Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) PMN and monocytes release extracellular traps to capture the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 50:106-115. [PMID: 25681075 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular traps (ETs) are composed of nuclear DNA as backbone adorned with histones, cytoplasmic antimicrobial peptides/proteins which are released from a range of vertebrate and invertebrate host immune cells in response to several invading pathogens. Until now this ancient novel innate defence mechanism has not been demonstrated in any marine mammal. Interactions of harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)-PMN and -monocytes with viable tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii were investigated in this respect in vitro. For the demonstration and quantification of harbour seal PMN- and monocyte-derived ETs, extracellular DNA was stained with Sytox Orange. Fluorescence assays as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses demonstrated PMN- and monocyte-promoted ET formation rapidly being induced upon contact with T. gondii-tachyzoites. The co-localisation of extracellular DNA decorated with histones (H3), neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in parasite entrapping structures confirmed the classical characteristics of PMN- and monocyte-promoted ETs. Exposure of harbour seal PMN and monocytes to viable tachyzoites resulted in a significant induction of ETs when compared to negative controls. Harbour seal-ETs were efficiently abolished by DNase I treatment and were reduced after PMN and monocytes pre-incubation with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenilane iodondium. Tachyzoites of T. gondii were firmly entrapped and immobilised within harbour seal-ET structures. To our best knowledge, we here report for the first time on T. gondii-induced ET formation in harbour seal-PMN and -monocytes. Our results strongly indicate that PMN- and monocyte-triggered ETs represent a relevant and ancient conserved effector mechanism of the pinniped innate immune system as reaction against the pathogenic protozoon T. gondii and probably against other foreign pathogens occurring in the ocean environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Reichel
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tamara Muñoz-Caro
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Ana Rubio García
- Seal Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Pieterburen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerd Magdowski
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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Mousallem T, Urban TJ, McSweeney KM, Kleinstein SE, Zhu M, Adeli M, Parrott RE, Roberts JL, Krueger B, Buckley RH, Goldstein DB. Clinical application of whole-genome sequencing in patients with primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:476-9.e6. [PMID: 25981738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talal Mousallem
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
| | - Thomas J Urban
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - K Melodi McSweeney
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sarah E Kleinstein
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Mingfu Zhu
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Roberta E Parrott
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Joseph L Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Brian Krueger
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Rebecca H Buckley
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
| | - David B Goldstein
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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18
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Subramaniam AB, Gonidec M, Shapiro ND, Kresse KM, Whitesides GM. Metal-amplified Density Assays, (MADAs), including a Density-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DeLISA). Lab Chip 2015; 15:1009-1022. [PMID: 25474561 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of Metal-amplified Density Assays, or MADAs - a method of conducting quantitative or multiplexed assays, including immunoassays, by using Magnetic Levitation (MagLev) to measure metal-amplified changes in the density of beads labeled with biomolecules. The binding of target analytes (i.e. proteins, antibodies, antigens) to complementary ligands immobilized on the surface of the beads, followed by a chemical amplification of the binding in a form that results in a change in the density of the beads (achieved by using gold nanoparticle-labeled biomolecules, and electroless deposition of gold or silver), translates analyte binding events into changes in density measureable using MagLev. A minimal model based on diffusion-limited growth of hemispherical nuclei on a surface reproduces the dynamics of the assay. A MADA - when performed with antigens and antibodies - is called a Density-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, or DeLISA. Two immunoassays provided a proof of principle: a competitive quantification of the concentration of neomycin in whole milk, and a multiplexed detection of antibodies against Hepatitis C virus NS3 protein and syphilis T. pallidum p47 protein in serum. MADAs, including DeLISAs, require, besides the requisite biomolecules and amplification reagents, minimal specialized equipment (two permanent magnets, a ruler or a capillary with calibrated length markings) and no electrical power to obtain a quantitative readout of analyte concentration. With further development, the method may be useful in resource-limited or point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Bala Subramaniam
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 230 Mallinckrodt Bldg., 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Dhiman M, Garg NJ. P47phox-/- mice are compromised in expansion and activation of CD8+ T cells and susceptible to Trypanosoma cruzi infection. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004516. [PMID: 25474113 PMCID: PMC4256457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation of NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is suggested to kill Trypanosoma cruzi that causes Chagas disease. However, the role of NOX2 in generation of protective immunity and whether these mechanisms are deregulated in the event of NOX2 deficiency are not known, and examined in this study. Our data showed that C57BL/6 p47(phox-/-) mice (lack NOX2 activity), as compared to wild-type (WT) mice, succumbed within 30 days post-infection (pi) to low doses of T. cruzi and exhibited inability to control tissue parasites. P47(phox-/-) bone-marrow and splenic monocytes were not compromised in maturation, phagocytosis and parasite uptake capacity. The deficiency of NOX2 mediated ROS was compensated by higher level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β) release by p47(phox-/-) macrophages as compared to that noted in WT controls infected by T. cruzi. Splenic activation of Th1 CD4(+)T cells and tissue infiltration of immune cells in T. cruzi infected p47(phox-/-) mice were comparable to that noted in infected control mice. However, generation and activation of type 1 CD8(+)T cells was severely compromised in p47(phox-/-) mice. In comparison, WT mice exhibited a robust T. cruzi-specific CD8(+)T cell response with type 1 (IFN-γ(+)TNF-α>IL-4+IL-10), cytolytic effector (CD8(+)CD107a(+)IFN-γ(+)) phenotype. We conclude that NOX2/ROS activity in macrophages signals the development of antigen-specific CD8(+)T cell response. In the event of NOX2 deficiency, a compromised CD8(+)T cell response is generated, leading to increased parasite burden, tissue pathogenesis and mortality in chagasic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MD); (NJG)
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MD); (NJG)
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20
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Le Belle JE, Sperry J, Ngo A, Ghochani Y, Laks DR, López-Aranda M, Silva AJ, Kornblum HI. Maternal inflammation contributes to brain overgrowth and autism-associated behaviors through altered redox signaling in stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:725-34. [PMID: 25418720 PMCID: PMC4235743 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A period of mild brain overgrowth with an unknown etiology has been identified as one of the most common phenotypes in autism. Here, we test the hypothesis that maternal inflammation during critical periods of embryonic development can cause brain overgrowth and autism-associated behaviors as a result of altered neural stem cell function. Pregnant mice treated with low-dose lipopolysaccharide at embryonic day 9 had offspring with brain overgrowth, with a more pronounced effect in PTEN heterozygotes. Exposure to maternal inflammation also enhanced NADPH oxidase (NOX)-PI3K pathway signaling, stimulated the hyperproliferation of neural stem and progenitor cells, increased forebrain microglia, and produced abnormal autism-associated behaviors in affected pups. Our evidence supports the idea that a prenatal neuroinflammatory dysregulation in neural stem cell redox signaling can act in concert with underlying genetic susceptibilities to affect cellular responses to environmentally altered cellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Mild maternal inflammation produces brain overgrowth and autistic behaviors in pups Maternal inflammation increases stem cell division, ROS levels, and PI3K activation Genetic susceptibility produces even greater brain overgrowth when combined with MIR Overgrowth and some associated abnormal behaviors can be rescued by inhibition of NOX
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Affiliation(s)
- Janel E Le Belle
- NPI-Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jantzen Sperry
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amy Ngo
- NPI-Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yasmin Ghochani
- The Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dan R Laks
- NPI-Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Manuel López-Aranda
- NPI-Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alcino J Silva
- NPI-Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Integrative Center for Learning and Memory and Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- NPI-Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; The Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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21
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Mandegary A, Rahmanian-Koshkaki S, Mohammadifar MA, Pourgholi L, Mehdipour M, Etminan A, Ebadzadeh MR, Fazeli F, Azmandian J. Investigation of association between donors' and recipients' NADPH oxidase p22(phox) C242T polymorphism and acute rejection, delayed graft function and blood pressure in renal allograft recipients. Transpl Immunol 2014; 32:46-50. [PMID: 25173715 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby induction of oxidative stress seem to be one of the major mediators of inflammatory adverse outcomes after renal transplantation. p22(phox) is a polymorphic subunit of NAD(P)H-oxidase that is critical for activation and stabilization of the enzyme. This enzyme is involved in the production of superoxide that triggers inflammatory injuries to the kidney. So in this study, the association between donors and recipients' C242T polymorphism of p22(phox) and acute rejection (AR), delayed graft function (DGF), creatinine clearance (CrCl), and blood pressure in renal-allograft recipients was studied. METHODS One hundred ninety six donor-recipient pairs were studied. The C242T polymorphism of p22(phox) was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). According to p22 genotype, the subjects were divided in wild-type (CC) and T allele carriers (CT+TT). Transplantation outcomes were determined using acute rejection and delayed graft function criteria. The mean arterial pressure was also measured monthly after transplantation. RESULTS There was a significant association between the recipients' p22(phox) polymorphism and DGF occurrence (OR=2.5, CI: 1.2-4.9, p=0.0009). No significant association was detected between donors' p22(phox) polymorphism and AR and DGF events. CrCl during the six months follow-up after transplantation was lower in the patients who received allograft from donors carrying 242T allele (B=-12.8, CI: -22.9-12.8 (-22.9 to -2.6)). Changes in the blood pressure were not different among the patients having different genotypes of p22(phox). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the recipients' p22(phox) C242T polymorphism may be a major risk factor for DGF in renal transplantation. Moreover, the donors' 242T allele seems to affect the rate of CrCl in the renal allograft recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mandegary
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Rahmanian-Koshkaki
- Department of Nephrology, Urology and Renal Transplantation, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amir Mohammadifar
- Department of Nephrology, Urology and Renal Transplantation, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Leila Pourgholi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Molecular Pathology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdipour
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Etminan
- Department of Nephrology, Urology and Renal Transplantation, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Ebadzadeh
- Department of Nephrology, Urology and Renal Transplantation, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Faramarz Fazeli
- Department of Nephrology, Urology and Renal Transplantation, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Jalal Azmandian
- Physiology Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Nephrology, Urology and Renal Transplantation, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Kadota Y, Sklenar J, Derbyshire P, Stransfeld L, Asai S, Ntoukakis V, Jones JD, Shirasu K, Menke F, Jones A, Zipfel C. Direct regulation of the NADPH oxidase RBOHD by the PRR-associated kinase BIK1 during plant immunity. Mol Cell 2014; 54:43-55. [PMID: 24630626 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst is a conserved signaling output in immunity across kingdoms. In plants, perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activates the NADPH oxidase RBOHD by hitherto unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that RBOHD exists in complex with the receptor kinases EFR and FLS2, which are the PRRs for bacterial EF-Tu and flagellin, respectively. The plasma-membrane-associated kinase BIK1, which is a direct substrate of the PRR complex, directly interacts with and phosphorylates RBOHD upon PAMP perception. BIK1 phosphorylates different residues than calcium-dependent protein kinases, and both PAMP-induced BIK1 activation and BIK1-mediated phosphorylation of RBOHD are calcium independent. Importantly, phosphorylation of these residues is critical for the PAMP-induced ROS burst and antibacterial immunity. Our study reveals a rapid regulatory mechanism of a plant RBOH, which occurs in parallel with and is essential for its paradigmatic calcium-based regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kadota
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jan Sklenar
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Paul Derbyshire
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Lena Stransfeld
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Shuta Asai
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Vardis Ntoukakis
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jonathan Dg Jones
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Frank Menke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Alexandra Jones
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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Khan RT, Yuki KE, Malo D. Fine-mapping and phenotypic analysis of the Ity3 Salmonella susceptibility locus identify a complex genetic structure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88009. [PMID: 24505352 PMCID: PMC3913713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental animal models of Salmonella infections have been widely used to identify genes important in the host immune response to infection. Using an F2 cross between the classical inbred strain C57BL/6J and the wild derived strain MOLF/Ei, we have previously identified Ity3 (Immunity to Typhimurium locus 3) as a locus contributing to the early susceptibility of MOLF/Ei mice to infection with Salmonella Typhimurium. We have also established a congenic strain (B6.MOLF-Ity/Ity3) with the MOLF/Ei Ity3 donor segment on a C57BL/6J background. The current study was designed to fine map and characterize functionally the Ity3 locus. We generated 12 recombinant sub-congenic strains that were characterized for susceptibility to infection, bacterial load in target organs, cytokine profile and anti-microbial mechanisms. These analyses showed that the impact of the Ity3 locus on survival and bacterial burden was stronger in male mice compared to female mice. Fine mapping of Ity3 indicated that two subloci contribute collectively to the susceptibility of B6.MOLF-Ity/Ity3 congenic mice to Salmonella infection. The Ity3.1 sublocus controls NADPH oxidase activity and is characterized by decreased ROS production, reduced inflammatory cytokine response and increased bacterial burden, thereby supporting a role for Ncf2 (neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 a subunit of NADPH oxidase) as the gene underlying this sublocus. The Ity3.2 sub-locus is characterized by a hyperresponsive inflammatory cytokine phenotype after exposure to Salmonella. Overall, this research provides support to the combined action of hormonal influences and complex genetic factors within the Ity3 locus in the innate immune response to Salmonella infection in wild-derived MOLF/Ei mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia T. Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kyoko E. Yuki
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Danielle Malo
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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24
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Bansal G, Das D, Hsieh CY, Wang YH, Gilmore BA, Wong CM, Suzuki YJ. IL-22 activates oxidant signaling in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2727-33. [PMID: 24018041 PMCID: PMC3818123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate cell-signaling processes in response to various ligands and play important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The present study reports that interleukin-22 (IL-22) elicits signal transduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through a ROS-dependent mechanism. We find that pulmonary artery SMCs express IL-22 receptor alpha 1 and that IL-22 activates STAT3 through this receptor. IL-22-induced signaling is found to be mediated by NADPH oxidase, as indicated by the observations that the inhibition and siRNA knock-down of this enzyme inhibit IL-22 signaling. IL-22 triggers the oxidative modifications of proteins through protein carbonylation and protein glutathionylation. Mass spectrometry identified some proteins that are carbonylated in response to IL-22 stimulation, including α-enolase, heat shock cognate 71kDa protein, mitochondrial 60kDa heat shock protein, and cytoplasmic 2 actin and determined that α-tubulin is glutathionylated. Protein glutathionylation and STAT3 phosphorylation are enhanced by the siRNA knock-down of glutaredoxin, while IL-22-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation is suppressed by knocking down thioredoxin interacting protein, an inhibitor of thioredoxin. IL-22 is also found to promote the growth of SMCs via NADPH oxidase. In rats, pulmonary hypertension is found to be associated with increased smooth muscle IL-22 expression. These results show that IL-22 promotes the growth of pulmonary vascular SMCs via a signaling mechanism that involves NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Dividutta Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Cheng-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Brent A. Gilmore
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Chi-Ming Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Yuichiro J. Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC 20057 USA
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25
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Chang S, Linderholm A, Franzi L, Kenyon N, Grasberger H, Harper R. Dual oxidase regulates neutrophil recruitment in allergic airways. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:38-46. [PMID: 23770197 PMCID: PMC3859817 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced reactive oxygen species production in allergic airways is well described and correlates with increased airway contractions, inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell metaplasia, and mucus hypersecretion. There is also an abundance of interleukin-4/interleukin-13 (IL-4/IL-13)- or interleukin-5-secreting cells that are thought to be central to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. We postulated that the dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2), members of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase family that release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the respiratory tract, are critical proteins in the pathogenesis of allergic airways. DUOX activity is regulated by cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, and DUOX-mediated H2O2 influences several important features of allergic asthma: mucin production, IL-8 secretion, and wound healing. The objective of this study was to establish the contribution of DUOXs to the development of allergic asthma in a murine model. To accomplish this goal, we utilized a DUOXA-deficient mouse model (Duoxa(-/-)) that lacked maturation factors for both DUOX1 and DUOX2. Our results are the first to demonstrate evidence of DUOX protein and DUOX functional activity in murine airway epithelium. We also demonstrate that DUOXA maturation factors are required for airway-specific H2O2 production and localization of DUOX to cilia of fully differentiated airway epithelial cells. We compared wild-type and Duoxa(-/-) mice in an ovalbumin exposure model to determine the role of DUOX in allergic asthma. In comparison to DUOX-intact mice, Duoxa(-/-) mice had reduced mucous cell metaplasia and lower levels of TH2 cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar fluid. In addition, increased airway resistance in response to methacholine was observed in Duoxa(+/+) mice, as expected, but was absent in Duoxa(-/-) mice. Surprisingly, Duoxa(-/-) mice had decreased influx of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar fluid and lung tissue sections associated with a lower level of the chemotactic cytokine IL-6. These findings suggest that DUOX-derived H2O2 has an important role in signaling neutrophils into allergic airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Angela Linderholm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lisa Franzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nicholas Kenyon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Helmut Grasberger
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Richart Harper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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26
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Kano A, Fukumoto T, Ohtani K, Yoshihara A, Ohara T, Tajima S, Izumori K, Tanaka K, Ohkouchi T, Ishida Y, Nishizawa Y, Ichimura K, Tada Y, Gomi K, Akimitsu K. The rare sugar D-allose acts as a triggering molecule of rice defence via ROS generation. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:4939-51. [PMID: 24014866 PMCID: PMC3830479 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Only D-allose, among various rare monosaccharides tested, induced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in susceptible rice leaves with defence responses: reactive oxygen species, lesion mimic formation, and PR-protein gene expression. These responses were suppressed by ascorbic acid or diphenylene iodonium. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsrbohC, encoding NADPH oxidase, were enhanced in sensitivity to D-allose. D-Allose-mediated defence responses were suppressed by the presence of a hexokinase inhibitor. 6-Deoxy-D-allose, a structural derivative of D-allose unable to be phosphorylated, did not confer resistance. Transgenic rice plants expressing Escherichia coli AlsK encoding D-allose kinase to increase D-allose 6-phosphate synthesis were more sensitive to D-allose, but E. coli AlsI encoding D-allose 6-phosphate isomerase expression to decrease D-allose 6-phosphate reduced sensitivity. A D-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-defective mutant was also less sensitive, and OsG6PDH1 complementation restored full sensitivity. These results reveal that a monosaccharide, D-allose, induces rice resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae by activating NADPH oxidase through the activity of D-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, initiated by hexokinase-mediated conversion of D-allose to D-allose 6-phosphate, and treatment with D-allose might prove to be useful for reducing disease development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Kano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kouhei Ohtani
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Akihide Yoshihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | | | - Shigeyuki Tajima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Ken Izumori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Mitsui Chemicals Agro Inc., Yasu, Shiga 520-2342, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Ishida
- Shikoku Research Institute Inc., Yashima-nishi, Takamatsu 761-0192, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ichimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kenji Gomi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center, and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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27
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Van Avondt K, Fritsch-Stork R, Derksen RHWM, Meyaard L. Ligation of signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 suppresses the release of neutrophil extracellular traps in systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78459. [PMID: 24205237 PMCID: PMC3799702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE), since netting neutrophils release potentially immunogenic autoantigens including histones, LL37, human neutrophil peptide (HNP), and self-DNA. In turn, these NETs activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells resulting in aggravation of inflammation and disease. How suppression of NET formation can be targeted for treatment has not been reported yet. Signal Inhibitory Receptor on Leukocytes-1 (SIRL-1) is a surface molecule exclusively expressed on phagocytes. We recently identified SIRL-1 as a negative regulator of human neutrophil function. Here, we determine whether ligation of SIRL-1 prevents the pathogenic release of NETs in SLE. Peripheral blood neutrophils from SLE patients with mild to moderate disease activity and healthy donors were freshly isolated. NET release was assessed spontaneously or after exposure to anti-neutrophil antibodies or plasma obtained from SLE patients. The formation of NETs was determined by microscopic evaluation using DNA dyes and immunostaining of NET components, as well as by live cell imaging. We show that SLE neutrophils spontaneously release NETs. NET formation is enhanced by stimulation with antibodies against LL37. Inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and MEK-ERK signaling prevents NET release in response to these antibodies. Signaling via the inhibitory receptor SIRL-1 was induced by ligation with anti-SIRL-1 specific antibodies. Both spontaneous and anti-neutrophil antibody-induced NET formation is suppressed by engagement of SIRL-1. Furthermore, NET release by healthy neutrophils exposed to SLE plasma is inhibited by SIRL-1 ligation. Thus, SIRL-1 engagement can dampen spontaneous and anti-neutrophil antibody-induced NET formation in SLE, likely by suppressing NAPDH oxidase and MEK-ERK activity. Together, these findings reveal a regulatory role for SIRL-1 in NET formation, potentially providing a novel therapeutic target to break the pathogenic loop in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Van Avondt
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Fritsch-Stork
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald H. W. M. Derksen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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28
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Dubiella U, Seybold H, Durian G, Komander E, Lassig R, Witte CP, Schulze WX, Romeis T. Calcium-dependent protein kinase/NADPH oxidase activation circuit is required for rapid defense signal propagation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:8744-9. [PMID: 23650383 PMCID: PMC3666735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221294110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals and plants, pathogen recognition triggers the local activation of intracellular signaling that is prerequisite for mounting systemic defenses in the whole organism. We identified that Arabidopsis thaliana isoform CPK5 of the plant calcium-dependent protein kinase family becomes rapidly biochemically activated in response to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) stimulation. CPK5 signaling resulted in enhanced salicylic acid-mediated resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pst DC3000, differential plant defense gene expression, and synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using selected reaction monitoring MS, we identified the plant NADPH oxidase, respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), as an in vivo phosphorylation target of CPK5. Remarkably, CPK5-dependent in vivo phosphorylation of RBOHD occurs on both PAMP- and ROS stimulation. Furthermore, rapid CPK5-dependent biochemical and transcriptional activation of defense reactions at distal sites is compromised in cpk5 and rbohd mutants. Our data not only identify CPK5 as a key regulator of innate immune responses in plants but also support a model of ROS-mediated cell-to-cell communication, where a self-propagating mutual activation circuit consisting of the protein kinase, CPK5, and the NADPH oxidase RBOHD facilitates rapid signal propagation as a prerequisite for defense response activation at distal sites within the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Dubiella
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Heike Seybold
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Guido Durian
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Eileen Komander
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Roman Lassig
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Waltraud X. Schulze
- Department of Metabolic Networks, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tina Romeis
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
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29
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Dubiella U, Seybold H, Durian G, Komander E, Lassig R, Witte CP, Schulze WX, Romeis T. Calcium-dependent protein kinase/NADPH oxidase activation circuit is required for rapid defense signal propagation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:8744-8749. [PMID: 23650383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.122.1294110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In animals and plants, pathogen recognition triggers the local activation of intracellular signaling that is prerequisite for mounting systemic defenses in the whole organism. We identified that Arabidopsis thaliana isoform CPK5 of the plant calcium-dependent protein kinase family becomes rapidly biochemically activated in response to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) stimulation. CPK5 signaling resulted in enhanced salicylic acid-mediated resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pst DC3000, differential plant defense gene expression, and synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using selected reaction monitoring MS, we identified the plant NADPH oxidase, respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), as an in vivo phosphorylation target of CPK5. Remarkably, CPK5-dependent in vivo phosphorylation of RBOHD occurs on both PAMP- and ROS stimulation. Furthermore, rapid CPK5-dependent biochemical and transcriptional activation of defense reactions at distal sites is compromised in cpk5 and rbohd mutants. Our data not only identify CPK5 as a key regulator of innate immune responses in plants but also support a model of ROS-mediated cell-to-cell communication, where a self-propagating mutual activation circuit consisting of the protein kinase, CPK5, and the NADPH oxidase RBOHD facilitates rapid signal propagation as a prerequisite for defense response activation at distal sites within the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Dubiella
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Zhou Y, Song K, Painter RG, Aiken M, Reiser J, Stanton BA, Nauseef WM, Wang G. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator recruitment to phagosomes in neutrophils. J Innate Immun 2013; 5:219-30. [PMID: 23486169 PMCID: PMC3717385 DOI: 10.1159/000346568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal microbicidal activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) relies on the generation of toxic agents such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in phagosomes. HOCl formation requires H2O2 produced by the NADPH oxidase, myeloperoxidase derived from azurophilic granules, and chloride ion. Chloride transport from cytoplasm into phagosomes requires chloride channels which include cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated chloride channel. However, the phagosomal targeting of CFTR in PMN has not been defined. Using human peripheral blood PMN, we determined that 95-99% of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1)-positive mature phagosomes were CFTR positive, as judged by immunostaining and flow cytometric analysis. To establish a model cell system to evaluate CFTR phagosomal recruitment, we stably expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) alone, EGFP-wt-CFTR and EGFP-DF508-CFTR fusion proteins in promyelocytic PLB-985 cells, respectively. After differentiation into neutrophil-like cells, CFTR presentation to phagosomes was examined. EGFP-wt-CFTR was observed to associate with phagosomes and colocalize with LAMP-1. Flow cytometric analysis of the isolated phagosomes indicated that such a phagosomal targeting was determined by the CFTR portion of the fusion protein. In contrast, significantly less EGFP-DF508-CFTR was found in phagosomes, indicating a defective targeting of the molecule to the organelle. Importantly, the CFTR corrector compound VRT-325 facilitated the recruitment of DF508-CFTR to phagosomes. These data demonstrate the possibility of pharmacologic correction of impaired recruitment of mutant CFTR, thereby providing a potential means to augment chloride supply to the phagosomes of PMN in patients with cystic fibrosis to enhance their microbicidal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, La
| | - Kejing Song
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, La
| | - Richard G. Painter
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, La
| | - Martha Aiken
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, La
| | - Jakob Reiser
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Md
| | - Bruce A. Stanton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, N.H
| | - William M. Nauseef
- Inflammation Program and Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Coralville, Iowa, USA
| | - Guoshun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, La
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31
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Woodman ME, Worth RG, Wooten RM. Capsule influences the deposition of critical complement C3 levels required for the killing of Burkholderia pseudomallei via NADPH-oxidase induction by human neutrophils. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52276. [PMID: 23251706 PMCID: PMC3522640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis and is a major mediator of sepsis in its endemic areas. Because of the low LD(50) via aerosols and resistance to multiple antibiotics, it is considered a Tier 1 select agent by the CDC and APHIS. B. pseudomallei is an encapsulated bacterium that can infect, multiply, and persist within a variety of host cell types. In vivo studies suggest that macrophages and neutrophils are important for controlling B. pseudomallei infections, however few details are known regarding how neutrophils respond to these bacteria. Our goal is to describe the capacity of human neutrophils to control highly virulent B. pseudomallei compared to the relatively avirulent, acapsular B. thailandensis using in vitro analyses. B. thailandensis was more readily phagocytosed than B. pseudomallei, but both displayed similar rates of persistence within neutrophils, indicating they possess similar inherent abilities to escape neutrophil clearance. Serum opsonization studies showed that both were resistant to direct killing by complement, although B. thailandensis acquired significantly more C3 on its surface than B. pseudomallei, whose polysaccharide capsule significantly decreased the levels of complement deposition on the bacterial surface. Both Burkholderia species showed significantly enhanced uptake and killing by neutrophils after critical levels of C3 were deposited. Serum-opsonized Burkholderia induced a significant respiratory burst by neutrophils compared to unopsonized bacteria, and neutrophil killing was prevented by inhibiting NADPH-oxidase. In summary, neutrophils can efficiently kill B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis that possess a critical threshold of complement deposition, and the relative differences in their ability to resist surface opsonization may contribute to the distinct virulence phenotypes observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Woodman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Randall G. Worth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - R. Mark Wooten
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
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Pazmandi K, Kumar BV, Szabo K, Boldogh I, Szoor A, Vereb G, Veres A, Lanyi A, Rajnavolgyi E, Bacsi A. Ragweed subpollen particles of respirable size activate human dendritic cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52085. [PMID: 23251688 PMCID: PMC3522620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) pollen grains, which are generally considered too large to reach the lower respiratory tract, release subpollen particles (SPPs) of respirable size upon hydration. These SPPs contain allergenic proteins and functional NAD(P)H oxidases. In this study, we examined whether exposure to SPPs initiates the activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). We found that treatment with freshly isolated ragweed SPPs increased the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in moDCs. Phagocytosis of SPPs by moDCs, as demonstrated by confocal laser-scanning microscopy, led to an up-regulation of the cell surface expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DQ and an increase in the production of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10. Furthermore, SPP-treated moDCs had an increased capacity to stimulate the proliferation of naïve T cells. Co-culture of SPP-treated moDCs with allogeneic CD3+ pan-T cells resulted in increased secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17 by T cells of both allergic and non-allergic subjects, but induced the production of IL-4 exclusively from the T cells of allergic individuals. Addition of exogenous NADPH further increased, while heat-inactivation or pre-treatment with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidases, strongly diminished, the ability of SPPs to induce phenotypic and functional changes in moDCs, indicating that these processes were mediated, at least partly, by the intrinsic NAD(P)H oxidase activity of SPPs. Collectively, our data suggest that inhaled ragweed SPPs are fully capable of activating dendritic cells (DCs) in the airways and SPPs' NAD(P)H oxidase activity is involved in initiation of adaptive immune responses against innocuous pollen proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Pazmandi
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Brahma V. Kumar
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szabo
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arpad Szoor
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Agota Veres
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arpad Lanyi
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Rajnavolgyi
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
NADPH oxidase is a critical regulator of both antimicrobial host defense and inflammation. Activated in nature by microbes and microbial-derived products, the phagocyte NADPH oxidase is rapidly assembled, and generates reactive oxidant intermediates (ROIs) in response to infectious threat. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder of the NADPH oxidase characterized by recurrent and severe bacterial and fungal infections, and pathology related to excessive inflammation. Studies in CGD patients and CGD mouse models indicate that NADPH oxidase plays a key role in modulating inflammation and injury that is distinct from its antimicrobial function. The mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase mediates killing of pathogens and regulation of inflammation have broad relevance to our understanding of normal physiological immune responses and pathological states, such as acute lung injury and bacterial or fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahm H Segal
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 37232-2650, USA
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Barth BM, Gustafson SJ, Hankins JL, Kaiser JM, Haakenson JK, Kester M, Kuhn TB. Ceramide kinase regulates TNFα-stimulated NADPH oxidase activity and eicosanoid biosynthesis in neuroblastoma cells. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1126-33. [PMID: 22230689 PMCID: PMC3338860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A persistent inflammatory reaction is a hallmark of chronic and acute pathologies in the central nervous system (CNS) and greatly exacerbates neuronal degeneration. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of inflammatory processes provoking oxidative stress, eicosanoid biosynthesis, and the production of bioactive lipids. We established in neuronal cells that TNFα exposure dramatically increased Mg(2+)-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) activity thus generating the bioactive lipid mediator ceramide essential for subsequent NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation and oxidative stress. Since many of the pleiotropic effects of ceramide are attributable to its metabolites, we examined whether ceramide kinase (CerK), converting ceramide to ceramide-1-phosphate, is implicated both in NOX activation and enhanced eicosanoid production in neuronal cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that TNFα exposure of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma caused a profound increase in CerK activity. Depleting CerK activity using either siRNA or pharmacology completely negated NOX activation and eicosanoid biosynthesis yet, more importantly, rescued neuronal viability in the presence of TNFα. These findings provided evidence for a critical function of ceramide-1-phospate and thus CerK activity in directly linking sphingolipid metabolism to oxidative stress. This vital role of CerK in CNS inflammation could provide a novel therapeutic approach to intervene with the adverse consequences of a progressive CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Barth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Sally J. Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775
| | - Jody L. Hankins
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - James M. Kaiser
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Jeremy K. Haakenson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Thomas B. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775
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35
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Santiago HC, Gonzalez Lombana CZ, Macedo JP, Utsch L, Tafuri WL, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Alves RO, Alves-Filho JCF, Romanha AJ, Cunha FQ, Teixeira MM, Radi R, Vieira LQ. NADPH phagocyte oxidase knockout mice control Trypanosoma cruzi proliferation, but develop circulatory collapse and succumb to infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1492. [PMID: 22348160 PMCID: PMC3279332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
(•)NO is considered to be a key macrophage-derived cytotoxic effector during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. On the other hand, the microbicidal properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well recognized, but little importance has been attributed to them during in vivo infection with T. cruzi. In order to investigate the role of ROS in T. cruzi infection, mice deficient in NADPH phagocyte oxidase (gp91(phox) (-/-) or phox KO) were infected with Y strain of T. cruzi and the course of infection was followed. phox KO mice had similar parasitemia, similar tissue parasitism and similar levels of IFN-γ and TNF in serum and spleen cell culture supernatants, when compared to wild-type controls. However, all phox KO mice succumbed to infection between day 15 and 21 after inoculation with the parasite, while 60% of wild-type mice were alive 50 days after infection. Further investigation demonstrated increased serum levels of nitrite and nitrate (NOx) at day 15 of infection in phox KO animals, associated with a drop in blood pressure. Treatment with a NOS2 inhibitor corrected the blood pressure, implicating NOS2 in this phenomenon. We postulate that superoxide reacts with (•)NO in vivo, preventing blood pressure drops in wild type mice. Hence, whilst superoxide from phagocytes did not play a critical role in parasite control in the phox KO animals, its production would have an important protective effect against blood pressure decline during infection with T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helton C. Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Claudia Z. Gonzalez Lombana
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juan P. Macedo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lara Utsch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L. Tafuri
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria José Campagnole-Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosana O. Alves
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José C. F. Alves-Filho
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alvaro J. Romanha
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leda Q. Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Olavarría VH, Figueroa JE, Mulero V. Prolactin-induced activation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase in the teleost fish gilthead seabream involves the phosphorylation of p47phox by protein kinase C. Dev Comp Immunol 2012; 36:216-221. [PMID: 21884725 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) is a multifunctional polypeptide which act as a key component of the neuroendocrine-immune loop and as a local regulator of the macrophage response. The involvement of PRL in regulating monocyte/macrophage functions is suggested by the presence of PRL receptors in these cells. Recently, we reported that physiological concentrations of native PRL were able to induce the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in head kidney leukocytes and macrophages from the teleost fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). In this study, we show that the NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox becomes phosphorylated in leukocytes stimulated with PRL, an effect that is blocked when neutralizing polyclonal antibodies to PRL are added. Additionally, the pharmacological inhibition of either protein kinase C (PKC) with calphostin C or the Jak/Stat signaling pathway with AG490 impaired PKC activation, p47phox phosphorylation and ROS production in seabream leukocytes activated with PRL. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time the need for PKC in regulating the PRL-mediated phosphorylation of p47phox, the activation of NADPH oxidase and the production of ROS by macrophages in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor H Olavarría
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University Austral, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
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37
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Li Y, Chen Y, Wu J, He C. [Expression and functional analysis of OsRboh gene family in rice immune response]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2011; 27:1574-1585. [PMID: 22393712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The preliminary role of respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) in plant immune response is defined, but the exact function of OsRboh gene in rice immune response and its expression pattern is yet unclear. In order to clarify the role of OsRboh in rice immune response, we screened seven OsRboh genes from the latest rice genome annotation database. The result of tissue specific expression analysis demonstrated that OsRbohD was expressed only in spike and calli, and OsRbohE and OsRbohF were only expressed in calli. The rest of OsRboh genes were constitutively expressed in rice. In addition, the expression level of OsRboh gene family was analyzed in the rice leaves respectively treated with salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) and Xanthomonas oryzae PV. oryzae (Xoo) PXO99 strain by Real-time PCR, and H2O2 content was also quantified by spectrophotometry after the three treatments. The result shows that the expression of OsRbohA, B, C and D was increased under the treatments of SA, the expression of OsRbohA, B, C and G was increased under the treatments of MeJA, and the expression of OsRbohA and OsRbohB was induced by Xoo PXO99 strain. However, the levels of expression and responsive times of these genes were different. Moreover, all three treatments led to H2O2 accumulation. These OsRboh genes have functional roles in rice native immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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38
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van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG, Dinarello CA, van der Meer JWM. Anakinra for the inflammatory complications of chronic granulomatous disease. Neth J Med 2011; 69:95. [PMID: 21411850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Schilling T, Eder C. Sodium dependence of lysophosphatidylcholine-induced caspase-1 activity and reactive oxygen species generation. Immunobiology 2010; 216:118-25. [PMID: 20655126 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 play pivotal roles in neuroinflammatory diseases. Caspase-1-mediated proteolytic cleavage is required to convert the premature, biologically inactive cytokines to their biologically active forms capable of promoting tissue inflammation. Although caspases have been recognized as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases, mechanisms regulating caspase-1 activation are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that the proinflammatory lipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) initiates microglial caspase-1 activation in a Na(+)-dependent manner. LPC-induced caspase-1 activity was almost completely inhibited upon omission of extracellular Na(+), but was unaffected by inhibition of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase with ouabain or by inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) antiport with amiloride. Inhibition of caspase-1-mediated IL-1β processing by Na(+)-free medium led to reduced amounts of mature IL-1β released from LPC-stimulated microglia. Furthermore, LPC-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was abolished by Na(+)-free medium, indicating Na(+) dependence of NADPH oxidase activity in LPC-stimulated microglia. Since ROS production was found to be crucial to caspase-1 activation in LPC-stimulated microglia, the Na(+) dependence of caspase-1 can be related to the Na(+) dependence of NADPH oxidase. In summary, it is suggested that in LPC-activated microglia, Na(+) influx is required for the production of NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS, which subsequently stimulate caspase-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Schilling
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
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40
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Martinon F, Chen X, Lee AH, Glimcher LH. TLR activation of the transcription factor XBP1 regulates innate immune responses in macrophages. Nat Immunol 2010; 11:411-8. [PMID: 20351694 PMCID: PMC3113706 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 754] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensors of pathogens, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), detect microbes to activate transcriptional programs that orchestrate adaptive responses to specific insults. Here we report that TLR4 and TLR2 specifically activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor kinase IRE1alpha and its downstream target, the transcription factor XBP1. Previously described ER-stress target genes of XBP1 were not induced by TLR signaling. Instead, TLR-activated XBP1 was required for optimal and sustained production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Consistent with that finding, activation of IRE1alpha by ER stress acted in synergy with TLR activation for cytokine production. Moreover, XBP1 deficiency resulted in a much greater bacterial burden in mice infected with the TLR2-activating human intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis. Our findings identify an unsuspected critical function for XBP1 in mammalian host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Martinon
- Dept. of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Dept. of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ann-Hwee Lee
- Dept. of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Dept of Medicine, MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, 651 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laurie H. Glimcher
- Dept. of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Dept of Medicine, MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, 651 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, 651 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Gattas MV, Forteza R, Fragoso MA, Fregien N, Salas P, Salathe M, Conner GE. Oxidative epithelial host defense is regulated by infectious and inflammatory stimuli. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:1450-8. [PMID: 19703552 PMCID: PMC2767478 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia express oxidative antimicrobial protection that uses lactoperoxidase (LPO), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and thiocyanate to generate the reactive hypothiocyanite. Duox1 and Duox2, found in epithelia, are hypothesized to provide H(2)O(2) for use by LPO. To investigate the regulation of oxidative LPO-mediated host defense by bacterial and inflammatory stimuli, LPO and Duox mRNA were followed in differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin or IFN-gamma. Flagellin upregulated Duox2 mRNA 20-fold, but upregulated LPO mRNA only 2.5-fold. IFN-gamma increased Duox2 mRNA 127-fold and upregulated LPO mRNA 10-fold. DuoxA2, needed for Duox2 activity, was also upregulated by flagellin and IFN-gamma. Both stimuli increased H(2)O(2) synthesis and LPO-dependent killing of P. aeruginosa. Reduction of Duox1 by siRNA showed little effect on basal H(2)O(2) production, whereas Duox2 siRNA markedly reduced basal H(2)O(2) production and resulted in an 8-fold increase in Nox4 mRNA. In conclusion, large increases in Duox2-mediated H(2)O(2) production seem to be coordinated with increases in LPO mRNA and, without increased LPO, H(2)O(2) levels in airway secretion are expected to increase substantially. The data suggest that Duox2 is the major contributor to basal H(2)O(2) synthesis despite the presence of greater amounts of Duox1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radia Forteza
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Miryam A. Fragoso
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Nevis Fregien
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Pedro Salas
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Matthias Salathe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Gregory E. Conner
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 USA
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Yeligar S, Tsukamoto H, Kalra VK. Ethanol-induced expression of ET-1 and ET-BR in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and human endothelial cells involves hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and microrNA-199. J Immunol 2009; 183:5232-43. [PMID: 19783678 PMCID: PMC3622549 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption leads to inflammation and cirrhosis of the liver. In this study, we observed that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) derived from ethanol-fed rats showed several fold increases in the mRNA expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), and inflammatory cytochemokines compared with control rat LSEC. We also observed the same results in acute ethanol-treated LSEC from control rats and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Ethanol-mediated ET-1 expression involved NADPH oxidase and HIF-1alpha activation. Furthermore, ethanol increased the expression of the ET-1 cognate receptor ET-BR in Kupffer cells and THP-1 monocytic cells, which also involved HIF-1alpha activation. Promoter analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that hypoxia response element sites in the proximal promoter of ET-1 and ET-BR were required for the binding of HIF-1alpha to up-regulate their expression. We showed that microRNAs, miR-199 among several microRNAs, attenuated HIF-1alpha and ET-1 expression, while anti-miR-199 reversed the effects, suggesting that ethanol-induced miR-199 down-regulation may contribute to augmented HIF-1alpha and ET-1 expression. Our studies, for the first time to our knowledge, show that ethanol-mediated ET-1 and ET-BR expression involve HIF-1alpha, independent of hypoxia. Additionally, ethanol-induced ET-1 expression in rat LSEC is regulated by miR-199, while in human endothelial cells, ET-1 expression is regulated by miR-199 and miR-155, indicating that these microRNAs may function as novel negative regulators to control ET-1 transcription and, thus, homeostatic levels of ET-1 to maintain microcirculatory tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Yeligar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Department of Pathology, The Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073
| | - Vijay K. Kalra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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Paik IY, Jin CH, Jin HE, Kim YI, Cho SY, Roh HT, Suh AR, Suh SH. Effects of the NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism on endurance exercise performance and oxidative DNA damage in response to aerobic exercise training. Mol Cells 2009; 27:557-62. [PMID: 19466604 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of the NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism on endurance exercise performance and oxidative DNA damage in response to acute and chronic exercises. One hundred three subjects were recruited, among which 26 healthy subjects (CC: 12, TC: 12, and TT: 2) were studied during rest, exercise at 85% VO(2)max, and recovery before and after 8 weeks of tread-mill running. Lymphocyte DNA damage increased significantly in response to exercise (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma MDA, SOD concentrations and lymphocyte DNA damage between CC genotype and T allele group, but significant endurance training differences were observed. Endurance training increased exercise time to exhaustion in both the CC genotype and T allele groups (p < 0.05) but no significant difference was found between groups. The results of the current study with young, healthy, Korean men are interpreted to mean that 1) the majority had the CC genotype of the NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism (82.5%: CC, 15.5%: TC, 1.9%: TT), 2) acute exercise increased lymphocyte DNA damage, 3) endurance training significantly increased exercise time to exhaustion, and alleviated lymphocyte DNA damage, and 4) The NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism, however, did not alter lymphocyte DNA damage or exercise performance at rest, immediately after exercise, or during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Young Paik
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Boltaña S, Doñate C, Goetz FW, MacKenzie S, Balasch JC. Characterization and expression of NADPH oxidase in LPS-, poly(I:C)- and zymosan-stimulated trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) macrophages. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2009; 26:651-661. [PMID: 19071219 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the generation of superoxide reactive oxygen species (ROS) via activation of the Nox/Duox family of NADPH oxidases is a prototypical feature of the pathogen-induced defensive responses of activated professional phagocytes. To understand the role of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Phox oxidase from a phylogenetic and functional perspective we describe the cloning, sequencing and expression analysis of multiple NADPH components in cultured macrophages. Phylogenetic analyses support the notion of the emergence of Phox-related components before the diversification of basal euteleosts and add to the limited collection of teleost NADPH oxidases. Expression studies using lipopolysaccharide, polyinosine-polycytidylic acid and zymosan to mimic the onset of inflammatory responses in trout macrophages suggest differences in regulation of the NADPH complex throughout the maturation/differentiation period of culture and between different treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Boltaña
- Unitat de Fisiologia Animal, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Facultat de Biociencies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang WJ, Wei H, Frei B. Genetic deficiency of NADPH oxidase does not diminish, but rather enhances, LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:791-8. [PMID: 19124074 PMCID: PMC2659145 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are thought to play a central role in the etiology of cell dysfunction and tissue damage in sepsis. However, there is limited and controversial evidence from in vivo studies that ROS mediate cell signaling processes that elicit acute inflammatory responses during sepsis. Because NADPH oxidase is one of the main cellular sources of ROS, we investigated the role of this enzyme in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute inflammation in vivo, utilizing mice deficient in the gp91(phox) or p47(phox) subunits of NADPH oxidase. Age-and body weight-matched C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and gp91(phox-/-) and p47(phox-/-) mice were injected ip with 50 microg LPS or saline vehicle and sacrificed at various time points up to 24 h. We found that LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses in serum and tissues were not significantly diminished in gp91(phox-/-) and p47(phox-/-) mice compared to WT mice. Rather, genetic deficiency of NADPH oxidase was associated with enhanced gene expression of inflammatory mediators and increased neutrophil recruitment to lung and heart. Furthermore, no protection from LPS-induced septic death was observed in either knockout strain. Our findings suggest that NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production and cellular redox signaling do not promote, but instead limit, LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Zhang
- Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to: Wei-Jian Zhang and Balz Frei, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 571, Weniger Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, Phone: (541) 737-5075, FAX: (541) 737-5077, E-mail: and
| | | | - Balz Frei
- Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to: Wei-Jian Zhang and Balz Frei, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 571, Weniger Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, Phone: (541) 737-5075, FAX: (541) 737-5077, E-mail: and
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Casbon AJ, Allen LAH, Dunn KW, Dinauer MC. Macrophage NADPH oxidase flavocytochrome B localizes to the plasma membrane and Rab11-positive recycling endosomes. J Immunol 2009; 182:2325-39. [PMID: 19201887 PMCID: PMC2666390 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Flavocytochrome b(558), the catalytic core of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase, mediates the transfer of electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen to generate superoxide for host defense. Flavocytochrome b is a membrane heterodimer consisting of a large subunit gp91(phox) (NOX2) and a smaller subunit, p22(phox). Although in neutrophils flavocytochrome b has been shown to localize to the plasma membrane and specific granules, little is known about its distribution in macrophages. Using immunofluorescent staining and live cell imaging of fluorescently tagged gp91(phox) and p22(phox), we demonstrate in a Chinese hamster ovary cell model system and in RAW 264.7 and primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages that flavocytochrome b is found in the Rab11-positive recycling endocytic compartment, as well as in Rab5-positive early endosomes and plasma membrane. Additionally, we show that unassembled p22(phox) and gp91(phox) subunits localize to the endoplasmic reticulum, which redistribute to the cell surface and endosomal compartments following heterodimer formation. These studies show for the first time that flavocytochrome b localizes to intracellular compartments in macrophages that recycle to the plasma membrane, which may act as a reservoir to deliver flavocytochrome b to the cell surface and phagosome membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy-Jo Casbon
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (Hematology/Oncology), James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Lee-Ann H. Allen
- Inflammation Program, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Iowa and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Coralville, IA 52241
| | - Kenneth W. Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Mary C. Dinauer
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (Hematology/Oncology), James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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Lahiri A, Das P, Chakravortty D. The LysR-type transcriptional regulator Hrg counteracts phagocyte oxidative burst and imparts survival advantage to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Microbiology (Reading) 2008; 154:2837-2846. [PMID: 18757817 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/017574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) are one of the key players that help bacteria adapt to different environments. We have designated STM0952, a putative LTTR in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), as hydrogen peroxide resistance gene (hrg). A hrg knockout mutant of S. Typhimurium was sensitive to oxidative products of the respiratory burst, specifically to H(2)O(2). The hrg mutant is profoundly attenuated in a murine model of infection and showed decreased intracellular proliferation in macrophages. It also induced increased amounts of reactive oxygen species and co-localization with gp91phox in the macrophage cell line, when compared to the wild-type. A strain overexpressing the hrg gene showed a survival advantage over the wild-type Salmonella under H(2)O(2)-induced stress. Microarray analysis suggested the presence of an Hrg regulon, which is required for resistance to the toxic oxidative products of the reticuloendothelial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Lahiri
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Priyanka Das
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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El-Benna J, Dang PMC, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA. Priming of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase activation: role of p47phox phosphorylation and NOX2 mobilization to the plasma membrane. Semin Immunopathol 2008; 30:279-89. [PMID: 18536919 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-008-0118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role in host defense against microbial pathogens and in the inflammatory reaction. Upon activation, neutrophils produce superoxide anion (O*2), which generates other reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH*) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), together with microbicidal peptides and proteases. The enzyme responsible for O2* production is called the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase or respiratory burst oxidase. This multicomponent enzyme system is composed of two trans-membrane proteins (p22phox and gp91phox/NOX2, which form the cytochrome b558), three cytosolic proteins (p47phox, p67phox, p40phox) and a GTPase (Rac1 or Rac2), which assemble at membrane sites upon cell activation. NADPH oxidase activation in phagocytes can be induced by a large number of soluble and particulate factors. Three major events accompany NAPDH oxidase activation: (1) protein phosphorylation, (2) GTPase activation, and (3) translocation of cytosolic components to the plasma membrane to form the active enzyme. Actually, the neutrophil NADPH oxidase exists in different states: resting, primed, activated, or inactivated. The resting state is found in circulating blood neutrophils. The primed state can be induced by neutrophil adhesion, pro-inflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, and other agents and has been characterized as a "ready to go" state, which results in a faster and higher response upon exposure to a second stimulus. The active state is found at the inflammatory or infection site. Activation is induced by the pathogen itself or by pathogen-derived formylated peptides and other agents. Finally, inactivation of NADPH oxidase is induced by anti-inflammatory agents to limit inflammation. Priming is a "double-edged sword" process as it contributes to a rapid and efficient elimination of the pathogens but can also induce the generation of large quantities of toxic ROS by hyperactivation of the NADPH oxidase, which can damage surrounding tissues and participate to inflammation. In order to avoid extensive damage to host tissues, NADPH oxidase priming and activation must be tightly regulated. In this review, we will discuss some of the mechanisms of NADPH oxidase priming in neutrophils and the relevance of this process to physiology and pathology.
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Abstract
Invading microorganisms are recognized by the host innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors. Among these receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are able to sense the molecular signatures of microbial pathogens, protozoa, fungi, and virus and activate proinflammatory signaling cascades. In addition to their role in bacterial killing by phagocytes, reactive oxygen species generated by NADPH oxidase (NOX) homologues also play key roles in signaling and host defense in a variety of cell types. Recent studies have demonstrated a link between TLR activation and NOX homologues following microbial recognition highlighting their important role in the innate immune response and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ogier-Denis
- INSERM, U773, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat Beaujon, CRB3, BP 416, 75018 Paris, France.
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50
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Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the dominant cell in the circulation that mediates the earliest innate immune human responses to infection. The morbidity and mortality from infection rise dramatically in patients with quantitative or qualitative neutrophil defects, providing clinical confirmation of the important role of normal neutrophils for human health. Neutrophil-dependent anti-microbial activity against ingested microbes represents the collaboration of multiple agents, including those prefabricated during granulocyte development in the bone marrow and those generated de novo following neutrophil activation. Furthermore, neutrophils cooperate with extracellular agents as well as other immune cells to optimally kill and degrade invading microbes. This brief review focuses attention on two examples of the integrated nature of neutrophil-mediated anti-microbial action within the phagosome. The importance and complexity of myeloperoxidase-mediated events illustrate a collaboration of anti-microbial responses that are endogenous to the neutrophil, whereas the synergy between the phagocyte NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase and plasma-derived group IIA phospholipase A(2) exemplifies the collective effects of the neutrophil with an exogenous factor to achieve degradation of ingested staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Nauseef
- Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA.
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