1
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Tang J, Liu Y, Qiu B, Zhang Z, Zhang X. PhI(OAc) 2-Promoted Site-Selective C-H Chlorination of (Hetero)arenes with p-Toluenesulfonyl Chloride. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39373319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and practical system for metal-free catalytic chlorination of (hetero)arenes by using readily available and inexpensive TsCl and PhI(OAc)2 is described. This newly developed protocol has been achieved by the nonsymmetric iodane generated by a combination of PhI(OAc)2 and TsCl. The broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, excellent regioselectivity, and short reaction times make this method attractive for the late-stage chlorination of complex drug-like scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yaorong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Baojie Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xingxian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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2
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Wang W, Song S, Jiao N. Late-Stage Halogenation of Complex Substrates with Readily Available Halogenating Reagents. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 39303309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusLate-stage halogenation, targeting specific positions in complex substrates, has gained significant attention due to its potential for diversifying and functionalizing complex molecules such as natural products and pharmaceutical intermediates. Utilizing readily available halogenating reagents, such as hydrogen halides (HX), N-halosuccinimides (NXS), and dichloroethane (DCE) reagents for late-stage halogenation shows great promise for expanding the toolbox of synthetic chemists. However, the reactivity of haleniums (X+, X = Cl, Br, I) can be significantly hindered by the presence of various functional groups such as hydroxyl, amine, amide, or carboxylic acid groups. The developed methods of late-stage halogenation often rely on specialized activating reagents and conditions. Recently, our group (among others) has put great efforts into addressing these challenges and unlocking the potential of these readily available HX, NXS, and DCE reagents in complex molecule halogenation. Developing new methodologies, catalyst systems, and reaction conditions further enhanced their utility, enabling the efficient and selective halogenation of intricate substrates.With the long-term goal of achieving selective halogenation of complex molecules, we summarize herein three complementary research topics in our group: (1) Efficient oxidative halogenations: Taking inspiration from naturally occurring enzyme-catalyzed oxidative halogenation reactions, we focused on developing cost-effective oxidative halogenation reactions. We found the combination of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and HX (X = Cl, Br, I) efficient for the oxidative halogenation of aromatic compounds and alkenes. Additionally, we developed electrochemical oxidative halogenation using DCE as a practical chlorinating reagent for chlorination of (hetero)arenes. (2) Halenium reagent activation: Direct electrophilic halogenation using halenium reagents is a reliable method for obtaining organohalides. However, compared to highly reactive reagents, the common and readily available NXS and dihalodimethylhydantoin (DXDMH) demonstrate relatively lower reactivity. Therefore, we focused on developing oxygen-centered Lewis base catalysts such as DMSO, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and nitromethane to activate NXS or DXDMH, enabling selective halogenation of bioactive substrates. (3) Halogenation of inert substrates: Some substrates, such as electron-poor arenes and pyridines, are inert toward electrophilic functionalization reactions. We devised several strategies to enhance the reactivity of these molecules. These strategies, characterized by mild reaction conditions, the ready availability and stability of catalysts and reagents, and excellent tolerance for various functional groups, have emerged as versatile protocols for the late-stage aromatic halogenation of drugs, natural products, and peptides. By harnessing the versatility and selectivity of these catalysts and methodologies, synthetic chemists can unlock new possibilities in the synthesis of halogenated compounds, paving the way for the development of novel functional materials and biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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Kachore A, Aggarwal V, Bala E, Singh H, Guleria S, Sharma S, Pathan S, Saima, Selvaraj M, Assiri MA, Kumar Verma P. Recent Advances in Direct Regioselective C-H Chlorination at Aromatic and Aliphatic. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400391. [PMID: 38825568 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Direct installation of key functionalities in a molecule through C-H bond activation is one of the thrust areas as well as challenging task in organic synthesis. Particularly, introduction of chlorine in a molecule imparts additional benefits for further functionalizations as well as improves the electronic behaviour such as lipophilicity and polarity towards drug development process. The chlorinated molecules have also been established as efficient biologically relevant scaffolds. Current manuscript has been focused on the direct installation of the chlorine atom at various aromatic and aliphatic positions to produce functional molecules. The key highlight of the manuscript belongs to the site selectivity (regioselectivity) for the installation of chlorine functionality. Manuscript describes the advanced methods developed for the direct C-H chlorination reactions and further simplified for the chlorination reactions at various positions including aromatic (o-, m-, and p-), benzylic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic positions. Directing groups (DGs) and the coordination with the catalyst is the key for the enhancement of regioselectivities during direct C-H chlorination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kachore
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Varun Aggarwal
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Ekta Bala
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Hemant Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Saksham Guleria
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Sakshi Sharma
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Sameer Pathan
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Saima
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
| | - Manickam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, 173229, Solan, H.P., India
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, 600077, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Patra T, Arepally S, Seitz J, Wirth T. Electrocatalytic continuous flow chlorinations with iodine(I/III) mediators. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6329. [PMID: 39068163 PMCID: PMC11283512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemistry offers tunable, cost effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to carry out redox reactions with electrons as traceless reagents. The use of organoiodine compounds as electrocatalysts is largely underdeveloped, despite their widespread application as powerful and versatile reagents. Mechanistic data reveal that the hexafluoroisopropanol assisted iodoarene oxidation is followed by a stepwise chloride ligand exchange for the catalytic generation of the dichloroiodoarene mediator. Here, we report an environmentally benign iodine(I/III) electrocatalytic platform for the in situ generation of dichloroiodoarenes for different reactions such as mono- and dichlorinations as well as chlorocyclisations within a continuous flow setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Patra
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales, UK
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Odisha, India
| | - Sagar Arepally
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales, UK
| | - Jakob Seitz
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales, UK
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff, Cymru/Wales, UK.
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5
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Zhou J, Huang X, Yu X, Yang L, Han JY, Lhazom T, Cui HL. HCl/DMSO/HFIP-Mediated Chlorination of Pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines and Other Electron-Rich Heteroarenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9789-9799. [PMID: 38920085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
An efficient oxidative chlorination of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines has been established using HCl (aq) as the chlorine source and DMSO as the terminal oxidant in HFIP at ambient temperature. A variety of chlorinated pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives have been prepared readily in 23 to 99% yields. This chlorination strategy can be expanded to the functionalization of other electron-rich heteroarenes including substituted pyrroles, indoles, and naphthols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Han
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Tsesong Lhazom
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
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6
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Tang J, Li S, Fu Y, Su Z, Xu J, Xue W, Zheng X, Li R, Chen H, Fu H. Radical meta-C-H Halogenation of Azines via N-Benzyl Activation Strategy. Org Lett 2024; 26:5899-5904. [PMID: 38984739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Regioselective halogenation of six-membered N-heteroarenes is crucial for precise functional derivatization. We present a meta-selective halogenation method for pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines via electrophilic halogen radical addition utilizing an N-benzyl activation strategy. This method achieves C3- and C5-dihalogenation in pyridines, C3- and C6-dihalogenation in quinolines, and C3-monohalogenation in isoquinolines. The feasibility and potential applications of this method were validated through scale-up reactions and the bromination of quinoline derivatives with biomolecular fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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7
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Tanemura K. Halogenation of aromatic compounds with N-halosuccinimides (NXS) catalysed by D-camphorsulfonic acid-BiCl 3. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5105-5111. [PMID: 38864412 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00837e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic bromination catalysed by 0.5-10 mol% of D-camphorsulfonic acid-BiCl3 with N-bromosuccinimides (NBS) was carried out in MeCN under air conditions, and the procedure was extended to the reactions with N-chlorosuccinimides (NCS) and N-iodosuccinimides (NIS). The halogenation of some drugs and natural products was also attempted. One-pot bromination/Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and bromination/Sonogashira coupling reactions were achieved without the removal of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Tanemura
- Chemical Laboratory, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University, Hamaura-cho, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
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8
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Tania, Sceney M, Dutton JL. A decade of lessons in the activation of ArIL 2 species. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3784-3799. [PMID: 38487221 PMCID: PMC10935727 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine(iii) compounds of the general structure ArIL2 are widely used as oxidizing agents for a variety of applications across both organic and inorganic chemistry. Considerable work has been done on the activation of these compounds by tuning the ligands at the iodine centre. This perspective summarises the work of our and other groups on rectification of historically misidentified iodine(iii) reagents of this class, and the syntheses of activated species. Recent advances focusing on increasing the oxidative capacity of I(iii) moieties using Lewis and Brønsted acids and Lewis bases as well as the activation of halogens with I(iii) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Marcus Sceney
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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9
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Cui HL. Recent advances in oxidative chlorination. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1580-1601. [PMID: 38312070 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02012f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Considering the wide occurrence and extensive application of organic chlorides in many research fields, the development of easy, practical and green chlorination methodologies is much needed. In the oxidative chlorination strategy, active chlorinating species can be in situ formed by the interaction of easily accessible chlorides such as NaCl, HCl, KCl, CHCl3, etc. and suitable oxidants. Among the established chlorination approaches, this strategy is an attractive one as it features the use of readily available, cheap and safe inorganic or organic chlorides, good atom economy of chlorine, and multiple choices of oxidants. This review summarizes the representative methodologies in the field of oxidative chlorination, covering 2013 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
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10
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Sharp-Bucknall L, Tania, Sceney M, Barwise L, Dutton JL. Electrophilic activation of molecular bromine mediated by I(III). Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16472-16479. [PMID: 37873647 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of a genuine bromo-λ3-iodane, it has been found that the combination of Br2 and electron deficient λ3-iodanes can result in the delivery of both bromine atoms from Br2 to a range of aryl substrates, some highly deactivated. These brominations occur rapidly in common chlorinated solvents at room temperature and can be achieved with the catalytic activation of commercially available PhI(OAc)2 and PhI(OTFA)2. para-NO2 substituted derivatives are employed to direct bromination towards more deactivated substrates. The mechanism of Br2 activation is discussed with insights being made, however it remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Sharp-Bucknall
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Tania
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Marcus Sceney
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lachlan Barwise
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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11
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Cui HL, Chen XH. POCl 3/Sulfoxide and AcCl/Sulfoxide Mediated Chlorination of Pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11935-11944. [PMID: 37550603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an efficient chlorination of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives using POCl3 as the chlorine source and tetramethylene sulfoxide as a promoter. A series of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines, polysubstituted pyrroles, and naphthols have been readily chlorinated under mild reaction conditions (26 examples, up to >99% yield). AcCl can also act as the chlorine source competently in this chlorination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
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12
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Ni S, Yan J, Tewari S, Reijerse EJ, Ritter T, Cornella J. Nickel Meets Aryl Thianthrenium Salts: Ni(I)-Catalyzed Halogenation of Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9988-9993. [PMID: 37126771 PMCID: PMC10176483 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a regioselective, late-stage two-step arene halogenation method is reported. We propose how unusual Ni(I)/(III) catalysis is enabled by a combination of aryl thianthrenium and Ni redox properties that is hitherto unachieved with other (pseudo)halides. The catalyst is accessed in situ from inexpensive NiCl2·6(H2O) and zinc without the need of supporting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Ni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Jiyao Yan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Srija Tewari
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Edward J Reijerse
- Max Planck Institut for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
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13
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Sharp-Bucknall L, Sceney M, White KF, Dutton JL. Synthesis, structural characterization, reactivity and catalytic activity of mixed halo/triflate ArI(OTf)(X) species. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3358-3370. [PMID: 36809478 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00275f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Both mixed λ3-iodoarenes and λ3-iodoarenes possessing -OTf ligands are coveted for their enhanced reactivities. Here we describe the synthesis, reactivity, and comprehensive characterisation of two new ArI(OTf)(X) species, a class of compound that were previously only invoked as reactive intermediates where X = Cl, F and their divergent reactivity with aryl substrates. A new catalytic system for electrophilic chlorination of deactivated arenes using Cl2 as the chlorine source and ArI/HOTf as the catalyst is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Sceney
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Keith F White
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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14
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Sun GQ, Yu P, Zhang W, Zhang W, Wang Y, Liao LL, Zhang Z, Li L, Lu Z, Yu DG, Lin S. Electrochemical reactor dictates site selectivity in N-heteroarene carboxylations. Nature 2023; 615:67-72. [PMID: 36603811 PMCID: PMC10036166 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyridines and related N-heteroarenes are commonly found in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and other biologically active compounds1,2. Site-selective C-H functionalization would provide a direct way of making these medicinally active products3-5. For example, nicotinic acid derivatives could be made by C-H carboxylation, but this remains an elusive transformation6-8. Here we describe the development of an electrochemical strategy for the direct carboxylation of pyridines using CO2. The choice of the electrolysis setup gives rise to divergent site selectivity: a divided electrochemical cell leads to C5 carboxylation, whereas an undivided cell promotes C4 carboxylation. The undivided-cell reaction is proposed to operate through a paired-electrolysis mechanism9,10, in which both cathodic and anodic events play critical roles in altering the site selectivity. Specifically, anodically generated iodine preferentially reacts with a key radical anion intermediate in the C4-carboxylation pathway through hydrogen-atom transfer, thus diverting the reaction selectivity by means of the Curtin-Hammett principle11. The scope of the transformation was expanded to a wide range of N-heteroarenes, including bipyridines and terpyridines, pyrimidines, pyrazines and quinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Li-Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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15
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Jiang DB, Wu FY, Cui HL. Recent progress in the oxidative bromination of arenes and heteroarenes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1571-1590. [PMID: 36723168 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative bromination has been serving as a powerful tool for the synthesis of bromo-containing molecules, as this bromination strategy features environmental friendliness, high flexibility in reaction system design and wide abundance of bromide sources and oxidants. The past decade has witnessed a large number of efficient oxidative bromination reaction systems and novel brominated aromatics. This review summarizes recent developments in the field of oxidative preparation of bromoarenes and bromoheteroarenes covering from 2012 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Bo Jiang
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China. .,State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Fei-Yue Wu
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
| | - Hai-Lei Cui
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
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16
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Zhao B, Li X, Wang X, Jiang L, Li Z, Du Y. Synthesis of 3-Haloindoles via Cascade Oxidative Cyclization/Halogenation of 2-Alkenylanilines Mediated by PIDA and LiBr/KI. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1493-1503. [PMID: 36631394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of 2-alkenylanilines with phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) and LiBr or KI in HFIP was found to afford the corresponding 3-haloindoles via cascade oxidative cyclization/halogenation encompassing oxidative C-N/C-X (X = Br, I) bond formations. A plausible mechanism involving the in situ formation of the reactive AcO-X (X = Br, I) from the reaction of PIDA and LiBr/KI was postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyue Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Luchen Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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17
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Pan L, Lee KM, Chan YY, Ke Z, Yeung YY. Applications of the DIB-BBr 3 Protocol in Bromination Reactions. Org Lett 2023; 25:53-57. [PMID: 36594727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-symmetrical bromoiodanes are useful for bromination reactions, and some protocols were found to be suitable for specific substrates. Herein, we report the use of a DIB/BBr3 protocol for various bromination reactions, including electrophilic bromination of arenes, carbonyl C-H monobromination, bromolactonization, bromocarbocyclization, intermolecular bromoetherification of olefin, and light-triggered C(sp3)-H bromination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangkun Pan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Ka-Mei Lee
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Yung-Yin Chan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihai Ke
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
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18
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Diversification of pharmaceutical molecules via late-stage C(sp2)–H functionalization. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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19
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Jian Y, Liang P, Li X, Shao H, Ma X. Controllable transformation of indoles using iodine(III) reagent. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 21:179-186. [PMID: 36472160 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01951e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an efficient and highly functional group-compatible procedure for controllable transformation of indoles by the combination of phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) with n-Bu4NCl·H2O (TBAC) was exploited. Through controlling the amount of PIFA and TBAC from one to three equivalents, 3-chloro-indoles, 3-chloro-2-oxindoles, and 3,3-dichloro-2-oxindoles were obtained, respectively, in satisfactory to excellent yields. The advantages of the protocol include mild conditions, facile process with short reaction time, high yields, satisfactory functional group tolerance, and the use of PIFA, which is an air- and moisture-stable promoter. The mechanism studies showed that the reaction may proceed through a halonium ion species-mediated halogenation-elimination-halogenation stepwise process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiang Jian
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology and Application, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Xueyuan Street 180, Huixing Road, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawu Shao
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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20
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Xiang JC, Wang JW, Yuan P, Ma JT, Wu AX, Liao ZX. Switching Over of the Chemoselectivity: I 2-DMSO-Enabled α,α-Dichlorination of Functionalized Methyl Ketones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15101-15113. [PMID: 36349364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of the chemoselectivity of the halogenation of a substrate equipped with multiple nucleophilic sites is highly demanding and challenging. Most reported chlorinations of methyl ketones show poor compatibility or even exclusive selectivity toward electron-rich arene, olefin, and alkyne residues. This is attributed to the direct or in situ employment of electrophilic Cl2/Cl+ species. Here, we reported that, even bearing those competitive residues, methyl ketones can still undergo dichlorination to afford α,α-dichloroketones in a chemo-specific manner. Enabled by the I2-dimethyl sulfoxide catalytic system, in which hydrochloric acid only acts as a nucleophilic Cl- donor, this straightforward dichlorination reaction is safe and operator-friendly and has high atomic economy, giving access to structurally diverse α,α-dichloroketones in good yields and with good functional-group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Xiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jin-Tian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - An-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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21
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Li W, Liu J, Zhou M, Ma L, Zhang M. Visible light-enabled regioselective chlorination of coumarins using CuCl 2via LMCT excitation. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6667-6672. [PMID: 35943174 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01134d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, regioselective chlorination of coumarins using Earth-abundant and cost-effective CuCl2 under visible light irradiation is reported. A key feature of this protocol is the photocatalytic dissociation of the copper(II) complex in acetonitrile through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) to give the chlorine atom which then selectively chlorinates the coumarin. This method can chlorinate a broad scope of coumarins with either electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents to regioselectively afford 3-chlorocoumarins in good to excellent yields and can be further extended to other electron-deficient heterocycles and olefins such as flavones, 8-methoxypsoralen and naphthoquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Jinshan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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22
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Wang H, Fu L, Zhou C, Li G. Pd(ii)-catalyzed meta-C-H bromination and chlorination of aniline and benzoic acid derivatives. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8686-8692. [PMID: 35974770 PMCID: PMC9337732 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The classic electrophilic bromination leads to ortho- and para-bromination of anilines due to their electron-rich properties. Herein we report the development of an unprecedented Pd-catalyzed meta-C-H bromination of aniline derivatives using commercially available N-bromophthalimide (NBP), which overcomes the competing ortho/para-selectivity of electrophilic bromination of anilines. The addition of acid additives is crucial for the success of this reaction. A broad range of substrates with various substitution patterns can be tolerated in this reaction. Moreover, benzoic acid derivatives bearing complex substitution patterns are also viable with this mild bromination reaction, and meta-C-H chlorination is also feasible under similar reaction conditions. The ease of the directing group removal and subsequent diverse transformations of the brominated products demonstrate the application potential of this method and promise new opportunities for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Lei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Chunlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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23
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Wang W, Yang X, Dai R, Yan Z, Wei J, Dou X, Qiu X, Zhang H, Wang C, Liu Y, Song S, Jiao N. Catalytic Electrophilic Halogenation of Arenes with Electron-Withdrawing Substituents. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13415-13425. [PMID: 35839515 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The electrophilic halogenation of arenes is perhaps the simplest method to prepare aryl halides, which are important structural motifs in agrochemicals, materials, and pharmaceuticals. However, the nucleophilicity of arenes is weakened by the electron-withdrawing substituents, whose electrophilic halogenation reactions usually require harsh conditions and lead to limited substrate scopes and applications. Therefore, the halogenation of arenes containing electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) and complex bioactive compounds under mild conditions has been a long-standing challenge. Herein, we describe Brønsted acid-catalyzed halogenation of arenes with electron-withdrawing substituents under mild conditions, providing an efficient protocol for aryl halides. The hydrogen bonding of Brønsted acid with the protic solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) enables this transformation and thus solves this long-standing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rongheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zixi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaodong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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24
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Chen Y, Gu Y, Meng H, Shao Q, Xu Z, Bao W, Gu Y, Xue X, Zhao Y. Metal‐Free C−H Functionalization via Diaryliodonium Salts with a Chemically Robust Dummy Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201240. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yuefei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Huan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Qianzhen Shao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zhenchuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wenjing Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY UK
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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25
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Segura-Quezada LA, Torres-Carbajal KR, Juárez-Ornelas KA, Alonso-Castro AJ, Ortiz-Alvarado R, Dohi T, Solorio-Alvarado CR. Iodine(III) reagents for oxidative aromatic halogenation. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5009-5034. [PMID: 35703407 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodine(III) reagents have attracted chemical relvance in organic synthesis by their use as safe, non-toxic, green and easy to handle reagents in different transformations. These characteristics make them important alternatives to procedures involving hazardous and harsh reaction conditions. Their versatility as oxidants has been exploited in the functionalization of different aromatic cores, which allow the introduction of several groups. Metal-free arylation using iodine(III) reagents is by far one of the most described topics in the literature; however, other highly relevant non-aromatic groups have been also introduced. Herein, we summarize the most representative developed procedures for the functionalization of aryls and heteroaryls by introducing halogens, using different iodine(III) reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Segura-Quezada
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Karina R Torres-Carbajal
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Kevin A Juárez-Ornelas
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Angel J Alonso-Castro
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Rafael Ortiz-Alvarado
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Tzintzuntzan 173, col. Matamoros, Morelia, Mich., Mexico.
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - César R Solorio-Alvarado
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, 36040, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico.
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26
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Xie W, Wang M, Yang S, Chen Y, Feng J, Huang Y. C-H chlorination of (hetero)anilines via photo/organo co-catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5319-5324. [PMID: 35730736 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00834c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorinated (hetero)anilines are a class of important structural motifs that are widely present in synthetic building blocks and pharmaceuticals. Despite recent advancements, direct aniline chlorination still suffers from ortho/para and mono/poly chlorination selectivity problems. Herein, we disclose a photo-redox and organo co-catalyzed chlorination method for anilines. This method has great substrate generality and excellent mono-chlorination selectivity. Another merit of this method is the late-stage modification of drug molecules, which would be useful in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Siyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Yadong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Yatian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
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27
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Kurutos A, Minkovska S, Nedialkov PT, Fedorov YV. Facile and environmentally benign synthetic approach to the selective mono‐chlorination and mono‐bromination of benzo[
d
]oxazol‐2(
3H
)‐ones. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atanas Kurutos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Stela Minkovska
- Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bldg. 11, Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Paraskev T. Nedialkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Sofia 2 Dunav str., Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Yury V. Fedorov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991, Vavilova str., 28, Moscow Russia
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28
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Chen Y, Gu Y, Meng H, Shao Q, Xu Z, Bao W, Gu Y, Xue X, Zhao Y. Metal‐Free C−H Functionalization via Diaryliodonium Salts with a Chemically Robust Dummy Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yuefei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Huan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Qianzhen Shao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zhenchuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wenjing Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY UK
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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29
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Jin L, Zeng X, Li S, Qiu G, Liu P. Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Halogenation of Anilides with N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianwen Jin
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Siyang Li
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Guofu Qiu
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Peng Liu
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences donghu road 185 430071 Wuhan CHINA
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30
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Yuan Y, Guo D, Liu Y, Wan C, Lu D, Yang H, Lu Y, Meng W, Wang H, Zhang X. Iron(III)‐Mediated Nucleophilic Halogenation of Phenols Using an Amido Directing Group. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry and Pharmacy Yangling CHINA
| | - Dou Guo
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Yibo Liu
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Congcong Wan
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Dongbiao Lu
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Hongxiang Yang
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Yufan Lu
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Wei Meng
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Hongling Wang
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University School of Chemistry Yangling CHINA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Northwest A&F University: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University College of Science 22 Xinong Road 712100 Yangling CHINA
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31
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Li X, Zhang B, Zhao B, Wang X, Xu L, Du Y. Synthesis of 3‐Halogenated Quinolin‐2‐Ones from
N
‐Arylpropynamides
via
Hypervalent Iodine(III)−Mediated Umpolung Process. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyue Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
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32
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Liu H, Sha Q. ZnCl2/PhI=O Mediated Selective ortho-Chlorination of Amides. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178618666210624115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
A new ortho-chlorination system consisting of zinc(II) and hypervalent iodine(III) reagent
was developed for ortho-chlorination of amides, and the desired products were obtained in
moderate to good yields (38-85%). This highly facile and convenient methodology is tolerant of
aromatic amide and alkyl amide with diverse substituted groups. A plausible mechanism has
been illustrated, in which carbocation rearrangement and metal salt coordinate facilitated orthochlorination
are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural
University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- Sanhome R&D Centre, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing
211135, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural
University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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33
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Wang H, Ge G, Gao W, Luo J, Tang K. Selective C3–H nitration of 2-sulfanilamidopyridines with tert-butyl nitrite. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00679k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A selective C3–H nitration of bioactive 2-sulfanilamidopyridine derivatives, including corticosteroid 11-β-dehydrogenase isozyme, secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitor and human neutrophil elastase inhibitor, has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Wang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Ge
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Junfei Luo
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Keqi Tang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
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34
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Zhang H, Wang W, Wang B, Tan H, Jiao N, Song S. Electrophilic amidomethylation of arenes with DMSO/MeCN reagents. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00181k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient electrophilic amidomethylation of aromatics was described with DMSO as the CH2 source and nitrile as the nitrogen source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bingding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
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35
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Yu M, Zhou Z, Zou C, Wang Z, Wang W, Sun K. Traceless proton aided regioselective C(sp 2)–C(sp 2) construction to synthesize C 6-acylated purines and purine nucleosides without metal catalysts. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00712f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Expeditious highly C6-regioselective acylation of purines and purine nucleosides via a traceless proton aided approach at room temperature without metal catalysts is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, P. R China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, P. R China
| | - Chunhui Zou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, P. R China
| | - Zhichuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Weili Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, P. R China
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, P. R. China
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36
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Pan L, Lee KM, Ke Z, Yeung YY. Application of a DIB/BBr 3 protocol in metal-free aryl coupling reactions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04478a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and metal-free cross-coupling of arenes has been developed. Inexpensive hypervalent iodine reagents (HIRs) diacetoxyl iodobenzene and BBr3 were used to in situ generate a non-symmetrical HIR as the active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangkun Pan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Mei Lee
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhihai Ke
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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37
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Wang D, Zhang L, Xiao F, Mao GJ, Deng GJ. Electrochemical Selective C3-Thiolation of Quinolines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical method has been developed to achieve C3-thiolation of quinoline compounds. This new strategy highlights the maximum atom economy, direct conversion and also the use of simple and readily...
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38
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Tania, Molino A, Sharp-Bucknall L, Wilson DJD, Dutton JL. On the potential intermediacy of PhIBr 2 as a brominating agent. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8454-8460. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PhIBr2 has been invoked as a brominating agent, however PhIBr2 does not appear to exist but rather forms PhI and Br2, with Br2 being responsible for bromination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Lachlan Sharp-Bucknall
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
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39
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Mal S, Jana M, Sarkar S. Recent Update on Transition Metal‐Free C(sp
2
)−H Bond Halogenation in (Hetero) Arenes. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mal
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 West Bengal India
| | - Manoranjan Jana
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 West Bengal India
| | - Satinath Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 West Bengal India
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40
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Pan L, Ke Z, Yeung YY. Lewis Base Catalyzed Dioxygenation of Olefins with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Org Lett 2021; 23:8174-8178. [PMID: 34632779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Diols are extremely useful building blocks in organic synthesis. Hypervalent iodine reagents are useful for the vicinal dihydroxylation of olefins to give 1,2-diols under metal-free conditions, but strongly acidic promoters are often required. Herein, we report a catalytic vicinal dioxygenation of olefins with hypervalent iodine reagents using Lewis bases as catalysts. The conditions are mild and compatible with various functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangkun Pan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Zhihai Ke
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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41
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Sinha SK, Guin S, Maiti S, Biswas JP, Porey S, Maiti D. Toolbox for Distal C-H Bond Functionalizations in Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5682-5841. [PMID: 34662117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed C-H activation has developed a contemporary approach to the omnipresent area of retrosynthetic disconnection. Scientific researchers have been tempted to take the help of this methodology to plan their synthetic discourses. This paradigm shift has helped in the development of industrial units as well, making the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical drugs step-economical. In the vast zone of C-H bond activation, the functionalization of proximal C-H bonds has gained utmost popularity. Unlike the activation of proximal C-H bonds, the distal C-H functionalization is more strenuous and requires distinctly specialized techniques. In this review, we have compiled various methods adopted to functionalize distal C-H bonds, mechanistic insights within each of these procedures, and the scope of the methodology. With this review, we give a complete overview of the expeditious progress the distal C-H activation has made in the field of synthetic organic chemistry while also highlighting its pitfalls, thus leaving the field open for further synthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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42
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Li JQ, Chen XH, Wang XX, Cui HL. Bromination of phenyl ether and other aromatics with bromoisobutyrate and dimethyl sulfoxide. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Sar S, Das R, Barman D, Latua P, Guha S, Gremaud L, Sen S. A sustainable C-H functionalization of indoles, pyrroles and furans under a blue LED with iodonium ylides. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7627-7632. [PMID: 34524326 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01219c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole and indole derivatives are functionalized via a green initiative with the dimethyl malonate derived phenyl iodonium ylide 4a in the presence of a blue LED via C-H functionalization of the respective heterocycles in methanol to generate the desired compounds 5-7 in moderate to good yields. Control experiments provide insight into the probable reaction mechanism. Finally, the strategy is successfully applied in the generation of azepino[4,5-b]indole 12a/b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saibal Sar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Chithera, Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP 201314, India.
| | - Ranajit Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Chithera, Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP 201314, India.
| | - Dhiraj Barman
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Chithera, Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP 201314, India.
| | - Pikaso Latua
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Chithera, Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP 201314, India.
| | - Souvik Guha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Chithera, Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP 201314, India.
| | - Ludovic Gremaud
- School of Engineering and Architecture, Institute of Chemical Technology at University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Chithera, Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP 201314, India.
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44
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Lasso JD, Castillo-Pazos DJ, Li CJ. Green chemistry meets medicinal chemistry: a perspective on modern metal-free late-stage functionalization reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10955-10982. [PMID: 34382989 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The progress of drug discovery and development is paced by milestones reached in organic synthesis. In the last decade, the advent of late-stage functionalization (LSF) reactions has represented a valuable breakthrough. Recent literature has defined these reactions as the chemoselective modification of complex molecules by means of C-H functionalization or the manipulation of endogenous functional groups. Traditionally, these diversifications have been accomplished by organometallic means. However, the presence of metals carries disadvantages related to their cost, environmental hazard and health risks. Fundamentally, green chemistry directives can help minimize such hazards through the development of metal-free LSF methodologies. In this review, we expand the current discussion on metal-free LSF reactions by providing an overview of C(sp2)-H, and C(sp3)-H functionalizations, as well as the utilization of heteroatom-containing functional groups as chemical handles. Selected topics such as metal-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions, organocatalysis, electrochemistry and photochemistry are also discussed. By writing the first review on metal-free LSF methodologies, we aim to highlight current advances in the field with examples that reveal specific challenges and solutions, as well as future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Lasso
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Durbis J Castillo-Pazos
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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45
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Tania, Poynder TB, Kaur A, Barwise L, Houston SD, Nair AJ, Clegg JK, Wilson DJD, Dutton JL. PhICl 2 is activated by chloride ions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11986-11991. [PMID: 34378593 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02565a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A study on the potential activating role of pyridine in the electrophilic chlorination of anisole by PhICl2 has led to the discovery that soluble sources of chloride ions activate PhICl2 in the reaction at catalytic loadings, greatly increasing the rate of chlorination. It is further shown that presence of chloride increases the rate of decomposition of PhICl2 into PhI and Cl2. The specific mechanism by which chloride induces electrophilic chlorination and decomposition of PhICl2 remains an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Tiffany B Poynder
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Aishvaryadeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lachlan Barwise
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sevan D Houston
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Akshay J Nair
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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46
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Late-stage C–H functionalization offers new opportunities in drug discovery. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:522-545. [PMID: 37117588 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the landscape of molecular synthesis has gained major impetus by the introduction of late-stage functionalization (LSF) methodologies. C-H functionalization approaches, particularly, set the stage for new retrosynthetic disconnections, while leading to improvements in resource economy. A variety of innovative techniques have been successfully applied to the C-H diversification of pharmaceuticals, and these key developments have enabled medicinal chemists to integrate LSF strategies in their drug discovery programmes. This Review highlights the significant advances achieved in the late-stage C-H functionalization of drugs and drug-like compounds, and showcases how the implementation of these modern strategies allows increased efficiency in the drug discovery process. Representative examples are examined and classified by mechanistic patterns involving directed or innate C-H functionalization, as well as emerging reaction manifolds, such as electrosynthesis and biocatalysis, among others. Structurally complex bioactive entities beyond small molecules are also covered, including diversification in the new modalities sphere. The challenges and limitations of current LSF methods are critically assessed, and avenues for future improvements of this rapidly expanding field are discussed. We, hereby, aim to provide a toolbox for chemists in academia as well as industrial practitioners, and introduce guiding principles for the application of LSF strategies to access new molecules of interest.
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47
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Tanwar L, Börgel J, Lehmann J, Ritter T. Selective C-H Iodination of (Hetero)arenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:5024-5027. [PMID: 34114468 PMCID: PMC8289285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iodoarenes are versatile intermediates and common synthetic targets in organic synthesis. Here, we present a strategy for selective C-H iodination of (hetero)arenes with a broad functional group tolerance. We demonstrate the utility and differentiation to other iodination methods of supposed sulfonyl hypoiodites for a set of carboarenes and heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Tanwar
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonas Börgel
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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48
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Jin J, Zhao Y, Kyne SH, Farshadfar K, Ariafard A, Chan PWH. Copper(I)-catalysed site-selective C(sp 3)-H bond chlorination of ketones, (E)-enones and alkylbenzenes by dichloramine-T. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4065. [PMID: 34210971 PMCID: PMC8249392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies that enable intermolecular site-selective C-H bond functionalisation of organic molecules provide one of the cornerstones of modern chemical synthesis. In chloroalkane synthesis, such methods for intermolecular site-selective aliphatic C-H bond chlorination have, however, remained conspicuously rare. Here, we present a copper(I)-catalysed synthetic method for the efficient site-selective C(sp3)-H bond chlorination of ketones, (E)-enones and alkylbenzenes by dichloramine-T at room temperature. A key feature of the broad substrate scope is tolerance to unsaturation, which would normally pose an immense challenge in chemoselective aliphatic C-H bond functionalisation. By unlocking dichloramine-T's potential as a chlorine radical atom source, the product site-selectivities achieved are among the most selective in alkane functionalisation and should find widespread utility in chemical synthesis. This is exemplified by the late-stage site-selective modification of a number of natural products and bioactive compounds, and gram-scale preparation and formal synthesis of two drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Jin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yichao Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Helen Kyne
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaveh Farshadfar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Poonak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Poonak, Tehran, Iran.
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Philip Wai Hong Chan
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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49
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Wang W, Li X, Yang X, Ai L, Gong Z, Jiao N, Song S. Oxoammonium salts are catalysing efficient and selective halogenation of olefins, alkynes and aromatics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3873. [PMID: 34162859 PMCID: PMC8222362 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic halogenation reactions have been a reliable approach to accessing organohalides. During the past decades, various catalytic systems have been developed for the activation of haleniums. However, there is still a short of effective catalysts, which could cover various halogenation reactions and broad scope of unsaturated compounds. Herein, TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine nitroxide) and its derivatives are disclosed as active catalysts for electrophilic halogenation of olefins, alkynes, and aromatics. These catalysts are stable, readily available, and reactive enough to activate haleniums including Br+, I+ and even Cl+ reagents. This catalytic system is applicable to various halogenations including haloarylation of olefins or dibromination of alkynes, which were rarely realized in previous Lewis base catalysis or Lewis acid catalysis. The high catalytic ability is attributed to a synergistic activation model of electrophilic halogenating reagents, where the carbonyl group and the halogen atom are both activated by present TEMPO catalysis. Organohalides are widely used as synthetic precursors and target products, but for various halogenation reactions there is a need for effective catalysts to activate commercially available haleniums. Here, the authors report that TEMPO and its derivatives are active catalysts for electrophilic halogenation of olefins, alkynes and aromatics, under mild reaction conditions and with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingsheng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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50
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Zhou J, Bao Z, Wu P, Chen C. Preparation and Synthetic Application of Naproxen-Containing Diaryliodonium Salts. Molecules 2021; 26:3240. [PMID: 34071240 PMCID: PMC8198133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of naproxen-containing diaryliodonium salts has been realized from naproxen methyl ester and ArI(OH)OTs activated by trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) in a solvent mixture comprising dichloromethane and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). Those iodonium salts have been successfully used in the functionalization of an aromatic ring of naproxen methyl ester, including fluorination, iodination, alkynylation, arylation, thiophenolation, and amination and esterification reactions. Moreover, further hydrolysis of the obtained 5-iodo-naproxen methyl ester afforded 5-iodo-naproxen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China;
| | - Zhiyuan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529000, China;
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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