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Costet-Mejía A, Trejo-Tapia G, Baca-Ibarra II, Rodríguez-Hernández AA, García-Hernández J, Camacho-Díaz BH, Zamilpa A. An Organic Fraction of Oenothera rosea L'Her Ex. Aiton Prevents Neuroinflammation in a Rat Ischemic Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1184. [PMID: 39338346 PMCID: PMC11434707 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oenothera rosea L'Her Ex. Aiton, presenting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, is traditionally used to treat bruises and headaches and as a healing agent. This study aimed to investigate whether its organic fraction (EAOr) has neuroprotective properties against neuroinflammation in the context of ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS The chemical composition of EAOr was determined using HPLC techniques, and its neuroprotective activities were evaluated in a common carotid-artery ligation model for the induction of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The animals were supplemented with EAOR for 15 days. On the last day, the animals were rested for one hour, following which the common carotid-artery ligation procedure was performed to induce I/R. The neurological deficit was evaluated at 24 h after I/R using Bederson's scale, and the relative expression of inflammatory genes and structure of hippocampal neurons were analyzed at 48 h. RESULTS The chemical analysis revealed five major compounds in EAOr: gallic acid, rutin, ellagic acid, and glucoside and rhamnoside quercetin. EAOr prevented neurological deficit 24 h after I/R; led to the early activation of the AIF and GFAP genes; reduced Nfkb1, IL-1beta, Il-6 and Casp3 gene expression; and protected hippocampal neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that EAOr contains polyphenol-type compounds, which could exert a therapeutic effect through the inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuronal death genes, thus maintaining hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Costet-Mejía
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62739, Morelos, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (B.H.C.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Xochitepec 62780, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Trejo-Tapia
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62739, Morelos, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (B.H.C.-D.)
| | - Itzel Isaura Baca-Ibarra
- Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (I.I.B.-I.); (J.G.-H.)
| | | | - Julio García-Hernández
- Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (I.I.B.-I.); (J.G.-H.)
| | - Brenda Hildeliza Camacho-Díaz
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec 62739, Morelos, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (B.H.C.-D.)
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Xochitepec 62780, Morelos, Mexico
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2
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Choi DH, Choi IA, Lee J. Role of NADPH Oxidases in Stroke Recovery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1065. [PMID: 39334724 PMCID: PMC11428334 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most significant causes of death and long-term disability globally. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidase (NOX) plays an important role in exacerbating oxidative stress and causing neuronal damage after a stroke. There is growing evidence that NOX inhibition prevents ischemic injury and that the role of NOX in brain damage or recovery depends on specific post-stroke phases. In addition to studies on post-stroke neuroprotection by NOX inhibition, recent reports have also demonstrated the role of NOX in stroke recovery, a critical process for brain adaptation and functional reorganization after a stroke. Therefore, in this review, we investigated the role of NOX in stroke recovery with the aim of integrating preclinical findings into potential therapeutic strategies to improve stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ae Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Division of Health, Baekseok University, Cheonan-si 31065, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zhu L, Zhong W, Meng X, Yang X, Zhang W, Tian Y, Li Y. Polymeric nanocarriers delivery systems in ischemic stroke for targeted therapeutic strategies. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:424. [PMID: 39026255 PMCID: PMC11256638 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a complex, high-mortality disease with multifactorial etiology and pathogenesis. Currently, drug therapy is mainly used treat ischemic stroke in clinic, but there are still some limitations, such as limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration efficiency, a narrow treatment time window and drug side effects. Recent studies have pointed out that drug delivery systems based on polymeric nanocarriers can effectively improve the insufficient treatment for ischemic stroke. They can provide neuronal protection by extending the plasma half-life of drugs, enhancing the drug's permeability to penetrate the BBB, and targeting specific structures and cells. In this review, we classified polymeric nanocarriers used for delivering ischemic stroke drugs and introduced their preparation methods. We also evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness and discussed the existing limitations and prospects of polymeric nanocarriers for ischemic stroke treatment. We hoped that this review could provide a theoretical basis for the future development of nanomedicine delivery systems for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ninth People Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ninth People Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuchen Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ninth People Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ninth People Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ninth People Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayuan Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ninth People Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ninth People Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Ersoy B, Herzog ML, Pan W, Schilling S, Endres M, Göttert R, Kronenberg GD, Gertz K. The atypical antidepressant tianeptine confers neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:777-791. [PMID: 37653354 PMCID: PMC11127858 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Proregenerative and neuroprotective effects of antidepressants are an important topic of inquiry in neuropsychiatric research. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) mimics key aspects of ischemic injury in vitro. Here, we studied the effects of 24-h pretreatment with serotonin (5-HT), citalopram (CIT), fluoxetine (FLU), and tianeptine (TIA) on primary mouse cortical neurons subjected to transient OGD. 5-HT (50 μM) significantly enhanced neuron viability as measured by MTT assay and reduced cell death and LDH release. CIT (10 μM) and FLU (1 μM) did not increase the effects of 5-HT and neither antidepressant conferred neuroprotection in the absence of supplemental 5-HT in serum-free cell culture medium. By contrast, pre-treatment with TIA (10 μM) resulted in robust neuroprotection, even in the absence of 5-HT. Furthermore, TIA inhibited mRNA transcription of candidate genes related to cell death and hypoxia and attenuated lipid peroxidation, a hallmark of neuronal injury. Finally, deep RNA sequencing of primary neurons subjected to OGD demonstrated that OGD induces many pathways relating to cell survival, the inflammation-immune response, synaptic dysregulation and apoptosis, and that TIA pretreatment counteracted these effects of OGD. In conclusion, this study highlights the comparative strength of the 5-HT independent neuroprotective effects of TIA and identifies the molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Ersoy
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Louise Herzog
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Schilling
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ria Göttert
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Golo D Kronenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, P.O. Box 363, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karen Gertz
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site, Berlin, Germany.
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Lin G, Luo F. The protective role of vagus nerve stimulation in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30952. [PMID: 38770302 PMCID: PMC11103530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) encompasses the damage resulting from the restoration of blood supply following tissue ischemia. This phenomenon commonly occurs in clinical scenarios such as hemorrhagic shock, severe trauma, organ transplantation, and thrombolytic therapy. Despite its prevalence, existing treatments exhibit limited efficacy against IRI. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a widely utilized technique for modulating the autonomic nervous system. Numerous studies have demonstrated that VNS significantly reduces IRI in various organs, including the heart, brain, and liver. This article reviews the pathological processes during IRI and summarizes the role and possible mechanisms of VNS in IRI of different organs. Furthermore, this review addresses the current challenges of VNS clinical applications, providing a novel perspective on IRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Guoqiang Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Fanyan Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
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6
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Cerutti L, Brofiga M. Unraveling brain diseases: The promise of brain-on-a-chip models. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 405:110105. [PMID: 38460796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Brain disorders, encompassing a wide spectrum of neurological and psychiatric conditions, present a formidable challenge in modern medicine. Despite decades of research, the intricate complexity of the human brain still eludes comprehensive understanding, impeding the development of effective treatments. Recent advancements in microfluidics and tissue engineering have led to the development of innovative platforms known as "Brain-on-a-Chip" (BoC) i.e., advanced in vitro systems that aim to replicate the microenvironment of the brain with the highest possible fidelity. This technology offers a promising test-bed for studying brain disorders at the cellular and network levels, providing insights into disease mechanisms, drug screening, and, in perspective, the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the BoC models developed over the years to model and understand the onset and progression of some of the most severe neurological disorders in terms of incidence and debilitation (stroke, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and epilepsy). We also report some of the cutting-edge therapeutic approaches whose effects were evaluated by means of these technologies. Finally, we discuss potential challenges, and future perspectives of the BoC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Cerutti
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBIRS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Brofiga
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBIRS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy; ScreenNeuroPharm s.r.l, Sanremo, Italy; Neurofacility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
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7
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Gu X, Dong M, Xia S, Li H, Bao X, Cao X, Xu Y. γ-Glutamylcysteine ameliorates blood-brain barrier permeability and neutrophil extracellular traps formation after ischemic stroke by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176409. [PMID: 38365105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
During the inflammatory response after stroke, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is significantly disrupted, compromising its integrity. This disruption allows many peripheral neutrophils to infiltrate the injury site in the brain and release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which further increase BBB permeability. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of γ-Glutamylcysteine (γ-GC), an immediate precursor of GSH, against BBB breakdown and NET formation after ischemic stroke. Our data indicated that γ-GC treatment effectively attenuated BBB damage, decreased neutrophil infiltration, and suppressed the release of NETs, ultimately leading to the amelioration of ischemic injury. Transcriptomic data and subsequent validation studies revealed that mechanistically, γ-GC exerts its effect by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway after ischemic stroke. This research suggests that γ-GC may hold promise as a therapeutic agent for alleviating brain injury following an ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Gu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqin Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Cerina M, Levers M, Keller JM, Frega M. Neuroprotective role of lactate in a human in vitro model of the ischemic penumbra. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7973. [PMID: 38575687 PMCID: PMC10994928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In patients suffering from cerebral ischemic stroke, there is an urgent need for treatments to protect stressed yet viable brain cells. Recently, treatment strategies that induce neuronal activity have been shown to be neuroprotective. Here, we hypothesized that neuronal activation might maintain or trigger the astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS), whereby lactate is released from astrocytes to support the energy requirements of ATP-starved hypoxic neurons, and this leads to the observed neuroprotection. We tested this by using a human cell based in vitro model of the ischemic penumbra and investigating whether lactate might be neuroprotective in this setting. We found that lactate transporters are involved in the neuroprotective effect mediated by neuronal activation. Furthermore, we showed that lactate exogenously administered before hypoxia correlated with neuroprotection in our cellular model. In addition, stimulation of astrocyte with consequent endogenous production of lactate resulted in neuroprotection. To conclude, here we presented evidence that lactate transport into neurons contributes to neuroprotection during hypoxia providing a potential basis for therapeutic approaches in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cerina
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Marloes Levers
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jason M Keller
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Frega
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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9
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Yang MY, Liu Y, Yu YW, Gong BF, Ruan J, Fan HY. Application of targeted liposomes-based salvianolic acid A for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00342. [PMID: 38493057 PMCID: PMC11070274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutics for the treatment of ischemic stroke remains to be the unmet clinical needs. Previous studies have indicated that salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a promising candidate for the treatment of the brain diseases. However, SAA has poor absolute bioavailability and does not efficiently cross the intact blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limit its efficacy. To this end we developed a brain-targeted liposomes for transporting SAA via the BBB by incorporating the liposomes to a transport receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R). The liposomes were prepared by ammonium sulfate gradients loading method. The prepared SAA-loaded liposomes (Lipo/SAA) were modified with IGF1R monoclonal antibody to generate IGF1R antibody-conjugated Lipo/SAA (IGF1R-targeted Lipo/SAA). The penetration of IGF1R-targeted Lipo/SAA into the brain was confirmed by labeling with Texas Red, and their efficacy were evaluate using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. The results showed that IGF1R-targeted Lipo/SAA are capable of transporting SAA across the BBB into the brain, accumulation in brain tissue, and sustained releasing SAA for several hours. Administration o IGF1R-targeted Lipo/SAA notably reduced infarct size and neuronal damage, improved neurological function and inhibited cerebral inflammation, which had much higher efficiency than no-targeted SAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, No. 32 Qingquan Road, Laishan District, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fushan District People's Hospital of Yantai City, No. 111 Gangchengxidajie, Fushan District, Yantai 265500, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya-Wen Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, No. 32 Qingquan Road, Laishan District, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bai-Fang Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, No. 32 Qingquan Road, Laishan District, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Hua-Ying Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, No. 32 Qingquan Road, Laishan District, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China.
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10
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Li S, Huang P, Lai F, Zhang T, Guan J, Wan H, He Y. Mechanisms of Ferritinophagy and Ferroptosis in Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1605-1626. [PMID: 37736794 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the role of autophagy, particularly the selective form like ferritinophagy, in promoting cells to undergo ferroptosis has inspired us to investigate functional connections between diseases and cell death. Ferroptosis is a novel model of procedural cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammatory response. Based on ferroptosis, the study of ferritinophagy is particularly important. In recent years, extensive research has elucidated the role of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in neurological diseases and anemia, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets. Besides, the global emergence and rapid transmission of COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, represents a considerable risk to public health worldwide. The potential involvement of ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of brain injury associated with COVID-19 is still unclear. This review summarizes the pathophysiological changes of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in neurological diseases, anemia, and COVID-19, and hypothesizes that ferritinophagy may be a potential mechanism of ferroptosis. Advancements in these fields will enhance our comprehension of methods to prevent and address neurological disorders, anemia, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Feifan Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiaqi Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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11
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Cui M, Chen F, Shao L, Wei C, Zhang W, Sun W, Wang J. Mesenchymal stem cells and ferroptosis: Clinical opportunities and challenges. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25251. [PMID: 38356500 PMCID: PMC10864896 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This review discusses recent experimental and clinical findings related to ferroptosis, with a focus on the role of MSCs. Therapeutic efficacy and current applications of MSC-based ferroptosis therapies are also discussed. Background Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that differs from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy; it involves iron metabolism and is related to the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, cancers, and liver diseases. In recent years, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived exosomes has become a trend in cell-free therapies. MSCs are a heterogeneous cell population isolated from a diverse range of human tissues that exhibit immunomodulatory functions, regulate cell growth, and repair damaged tissues. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that MSC-derived exosomes play an important role, mainly by carrying a variety of bioactive substances that affect recipient cells. The potential mechanism by which MSC-derived exosomes mediate the effects of MSCs on ferroptosis has been previously demonstrated. This review provides the first overview of the current knowledge on ferroptosis, MSCs, and MSC-derived exosomes and highlights the potential application of MSCs exosomes in the treatment of ferroptotic conditions. It summarizes their mechanisms of action and techniques for enhancing MSC functionality. Results obtained from a large number of experimental studies revealed that both local and systemic administration of MSCs effectively suppressed ferroptosis in injured hepatocytes, neurons, cardiomyocytes, and nucleus pulposus cells and promoted the survival and regeneration of injured organs. Methods We reviewed the role of ferroptosis in related tissues and organs, focusing on its characteristics in different diseases. Additionally, the effects of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes on ferroptosis-related pathways in various organs were reviewed, and the mechanism of action was elucidated. MSCs were shown to improve the disease course by regulating ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Cui
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, PR China
| | - Fukun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Kunming Medical University & the Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, PR China
| | - Lishi Shao
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, PR China
| | - Chanyan Wei
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, PR China
| | - Weihu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, PR China
| | - Wenmei Sun
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, PR China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, PR China
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12
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Segura E, Vilà-Balló A, Mallorquí A, Porto MF, Duarte E, Grau-Sánchez J, Rodríguez-Fornells A. The presence of anhedonia in individuals with subacute and chronic stroke: an exploratory cohort study. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1253028. [PMID: 38384938 PMCID: PMC10880106 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1253028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anhedonia refers to the diminished capacity to experience pleasure. It has been described both as a symptom of depression and an enduring behavioral trait that contributes its development. Specifically, in stroke patients, anhedonia has been closely linked to depression, resulting in reduced sensitivity to everyday pleasures and intrinsic motivation to engage in rehabilitation programs and maintain a healthy active lifestyle. This condition may hinder patients' recovery, diminishing their autonomy, functioning, and quality of life. Objective We aimed to explore the prevalence and level of anhedonia and those variables that might be associated in patients with both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke at subacute and chronic phases of the disease. Methods We conducted an exploratory cohort study with a sample of 125 patients with subacute and chronic stroke presenting upper-limb motor deficits. We measured participants' level of anhedonia with four items from the Beck Depression Inventory-II that describe the symptoms of this condition: loss of pleasure, loss of interest, loss of energy, and loss of interest in sex. We also collected demographic and clinical information and evaluated motor and cognitive functions as well as levels of depression, apathy, and various mood states. The results were compared to a sample of 71 healthy participants of similar age, sex, and level of education. Results Stroke patients demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence (18.5-19.7%) and level of anhedonia compared to the healthy controls (4.3%), regardless of stroke phase, level of motor impairment, and other clinical variables. Furthermore, post-stroke anhedonia was associated with lower levels of motivation and higher levels of negative mood states such as fatigue and anger in the long term. Importantly, anhedonia level was superior in stroke patients than in healthy controls while controlling for confounding effects of related emotional conditions. Conclusion This study provides novel evidence on the prevalence, level and factors related to anhedonia post-stroke. We emphasize the importance of assessing and treating anhedonia in this population, as well as conducting large-scale cohort and longitudinal studies to test its influence on long-term functional and emotional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Segura
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Vilà-Balló
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Mallorquí
- Clinical Health Psychology Section, Clinic Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María F. Porto
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Duarte
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Grau-Sánchez
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Group on Complex Health Diagnoses and Interventions from Occupation and Care (OCCARE), Escola Universitària d'Infermeria i Teràpia Ocupacional, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Ban W, Jiang X, Lv L, Jiao Y, Huang J, Yang Z, You Y. Illustrate the distribution and metabolic regulatory effects of pterostilbene in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat brain by mass spectrometry imaging and spatial metabolomics. Talanta 2024; 266:125060. [PMID: 37598445 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a promising molecule with superior pharmacological activities and pharmacokinetic characteristics compared to its structural analogue resveratrol, which could be used to treat ischemic stroke. However, its mechanism is still unclear. The cutting-edge air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) and spatial metabolomics analysis were applied to investigate the distribution of pterostilbene in ischemic rat brain and the changes of related small molecule metabolic pathways to further explore the potential mechanisms of pterostilbene against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. This research found that pterostilbene could significantly restore cerebral microcirculation blood flow, reduce infarct volume, improve neurological function and ameliorate neuronal damage in ischemic rats. Moreover, pterostilbene was widely and abundantly distributed in ischemic brain tissue, laying a solid foundation for the rescue of ischemic penumbra. Further study revealed that pterostilbene played a therapeutic role in restoring energy supply, rebalancing neurotransmitters, reducing abnormal polyamine accumulation and phospholipid metabolism. These findings offer an opportunity to illustrate novel mechanisms of pterostilbene in the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury resulting from ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Ban
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Lingjuan Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yue Jiao
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jianpeng Huang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yuyang You
- School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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14
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Matur AV, Candelario-Jalil E, Paul S, Karamyan VT, Lee JD, Pennypacker K, Fraser JF. Translating Animal Models of Ischemic Stroke to the Human Condition. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:842-853. [PMID: 36125734 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. However, very few neuroprotective agents have shown promise for treatment of ischemic stroke in clinical trials, despite showing efficacy in many successful preclinical studies. This may be attributed, at least in part, to the incongruency between experimental animal stroke models used in preclinical studies and the manifestation of ischemic stroke in humans. Most often the human population selected for clinical trials are more diverse than the experimental model used in a preclinical study. For successful translation, it is critical to develop clinical trial designs that match the experimental animal model used in the preclinical study. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of commonly used animal models with clear correlates between rodent models used to study ischemic stroke and the clinical stroke pathologies with which they most closely align. By improving the correlation between preclinical studies and clinical trials, new neuroprotective agents and stroke therapies may be more accurately and efficiently identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijith V Matur
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Surojit Paul
- Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Jessica D Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Keith Pennypacker
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Justin F Fraser
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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15
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Mu F, Lin R, Lu X, Zhao M, Zhao J, Huang S, Guo C, Guan Y, Zhang H, Xi M, Wang J, Tang H. Protective effect and mechanism of styrax on ischemic stroke rats: metabonomic insights by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS analysis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1318-1331. [PMID: 37621078 PMCID: PMC10461497 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2246501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Styrax is used for prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate styrax's anti-ischemic stroke protective effects and underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ischemic-stroke rat model was established based on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 10) and administered intragastrically once a day for 7 consecutive days: sham, model, nimodipine (24 mg/kg), styrax-L (0.1 g/kg), styrax-M (0.2 g/kg) and styrax-H (0.4 g/kg). Neurological function, biochemical assessment, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS)-based serum metabonomics were used to elucidate styrax's cerebral protective effects and mechanisms. Pearson correlation and western blot analyses were performed to verify. RESULTS The addition of 0.4 g/kg styrax significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume and neurobehavioral abnormality score. Different doses of styrax also decrease MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and increase SOD and GSH-Px in ischemic-stroke rats (p < 0.05; MDA, p < 0.05 only at 0.4 g/kg dose). Biochemical indicators and metabolic-profile analyses (PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA) also supported styrax's protective effects. Endogenous metabolites (22) were identified in ischemic-stroke rats, and these perturbations were reversible via styrax intervention, which is predominantly involved in energy metabolism, glutathione and glutamine metabolism, and other metabolic processes. Additionally, styrax significantly upregulated phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and glutaminase brain-tissue expression. CONCLUSION Styrax treatment could ameliorate ischemic-stroke rats by intervening with energy metabolism and glutamine metabolism. This can help us understand the mechanism of styrax, inspiring more clinical application and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Meina Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Shaojie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Haiyue Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
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16
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Kwakkel G, Stinear C, Essers B, Munoz-Novoa M, Branscheidt M, Cabanas-Valdés R, Lakičević S, Lampropoulou S, Luft AR, Marque P, Moore SA, Solomon JM, Swinnen E, Turolla A, Alt Murphy M, Verheyden G. Motor rehabilitation after stroke: European Stroke Organisation (ESO) consensus-based definition and guiding framework. Eur Stroke J 2023; 8:880-894. [PMID: 37548025 PMCID: PMC10683740 DOI: 10.1177/23969873231191304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a consensus-based definition and framework for motor rehabilitation after stroke. METHODS An expert European working group reviewed the literature, attaining internal consensus after external feedback. FINDINGS Motor rehabilitation is defined as a process that engages people with stroke to benefit their motor function, activity capacity and performance in daily life. It is necessary for people with residual motor disability whose goal is to enhance their functioning, independence and participation. Motor rehabilitation operates through learning- and use-dependent mechanisms. The trajectory of motor recovery varies across patients and stages of recovery. Early behavioral restitution of motor function depends on spontaneous biological mechanisms. Further improvements in activities of daily living are achieved by compensations. Motor rehabilitation is guided by regular assessment of motor function and activity using consensus-based measures, including patient-reported outcomes. Results are discussed with the patient and their carers to set personal goals. During motor rehabilitation patients learn to optimize and adapt their motor, sensory and cognitive functioning through appropriately dosed repetitive, goal-oriented, progressive, task- and context-specific training. Motor rehabilitation supports people with stroke to maximize health, well-being and quality of life. The framework describes the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in the context of stroke, describes neurobiological mechanisms of behavioral restitution and compensation, and summarizes recommendations for clinical assessment, prediction tools, and motor interventions with strong recommendations from clinical practice guidelines (2016-2022). CONCLUSIONS This definition and framework may guide clinical educators, inform clinicians on current recommendations and guidelines, and identify gaps in the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Kwakkel
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department Acquired Brain Injuries, Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy Stinear
- Department of Medicine, Waipapa Taumata Rau University of Auckland, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Bea Essers
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Munoz-Novoa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Meret Branscheidt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, and Cereneo Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Rosa Cabanas-Valdés
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Lakičević
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, University Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sofia Lampropoulou
- Physiotherapy Department, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Andreas R Luft
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, and Cereneo Center for Neurology and Rehabilitation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Marque
- Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah A Moore
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Stroke Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John M Solomon
- Centre for Comprehensive Stroke Rehabilitation and Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Eva Swinnen
- Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margit Alt Murphy
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Geert Verheyden
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Wang Y, Wan F, Hu P, He B, Hu Y, Liu Y. Efficacy and safety of anisodine hydrobromide injection for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1290755. [PMID: 38034985 PMCID: PMC10684921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1290755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anisodine hydrobromide (Ani) injection in the treatment of AIS. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) based on Ani injection for the treatment of AIS were retrieved from both Chinese and English databases. The retrieval period was from the databases' inception to May 2023. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the methodological quality. The outcome indicators were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: We included the findings of 11 RCTs encompassing 1,337 patients with AIS. Our meta-analysis revealed that Ani injection supplementation significantly reduced the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [MD = -1.53, 95%CI = (-1.94, -1.12), p < 0.00001], modified Rankin Scale [MD = -0.89, 95%CI = (-0.97, -0.81), p < 0.00001], and the relative time to peak [SMD = -0.81, 95%CI = (-1.08, -0.55), p < 0.00001] significantly. Additionally, Ani injection significantly increased the Barthel Index [MD = 10.65, 95%CI = (4.30, 17.00), p = 0.001], relative cerebral blood volume [SMD = 0.28, 95%CI = (0.02, 0.53), p = 0.03], and clinical efficacy [RR = 1.2, 95%CI = (1.08, 1.34), p = 0.001]. No statistically significant difference in the rate of adverse events was observed between the Ani injection supplemental group and the control group. Conclusion: Based on currently published evidence, Ani injection was found to be effective and safe in improving AIS outcome. Nevertheless, limitations of the included RCTs still exist, and thus, more multi-center, large-sample, high-quality RCTs are required to further verify the efficacy and safety of Ani injection in patients with AIS. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023427591], identifier [PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023427591].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Affiliated Sport Hospital of Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiqun Hu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Benxiang He
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yushi Hu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunlu Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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18
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Chiang HL, Wu KC, Chen YY, Ho CJ, Wang HL, Fu YH, Chen WY, Lin CJ. The Critical Role of Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter-2 in Modulating Cerebral Damage and Vascular Dysfunction in Mice with Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2541-2554. [PMID: 37498500 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral vascular protection is critical for stroke treatment. Adenosine modulates vascular flow and exhibits neuroprotective effects, in which brain extracellular concentration of adenosine is dramatically increased during ischemic events and ischemia-reperfusion. Since the equilibrative nucleoside transporter-2 (Ent2) is important in regulating brain adenosine homeostasis, the present study aimed to investigate the role of Ent2 in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was examined in mice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 90 minutes, followed by 24-hour reperfusion. Infarct volume, brain edema, neuroinflammation, microvascular structure, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined following the reperfusion. RESULTS Ent2 deletion reduced the infarct volume, brain edema, and neuroinflammation in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. tMCAO-induced disruption of brain microvessels was ameliorated in Ent2-/- mice, with a reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 and aquaporin-4 proteins. Following the reperfusion, the rCBF of the wild-type (WT) mice was quickly restored to the baseline, whereas, in Ent2-/- mice, rCBF was slowly recovered initially, but was then higher than that in the WT mice at the later phase of reperfusion. The improved CMRO2 and reduced ROS level support the beneficial effects caused by the changes in the rCBF of Ent2-/- mice. Further studies showed that the protective effects of Ent2 deletion in mice with tMCAO involve adenosine receptor A2AR. CONCLUSIONS Ent2 plays a critical role in modulating cerebral collateral circulation and ameliorating pathological events of brain ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Chiang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming-Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jui Ho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Lin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming-Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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Duan X, Song N, Ma K, Tong Y, Yang L. The effects of protein-rich extract from Rhizoma Gastrodiae against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via regulating MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2023; 203:110772. [PMID: 37793596 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhizoma Gastrodiae is a highly valuable traditional Chinese medicine and functional health food that has been used in China to treat neurological disorders for thousands of years. Rhizoma Gastrodiae contains various of biological activities, such as antioxidative, neuroprotective, learning improvement, anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects. However, no studies have been conducted to explore the effects of the protein components in Rhizoma Gastrodiae (GEPS) and its potential protective effects against ischemic stroke.Our main goal was to investigate the effects of GEPS on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its possible mechanisms. METHODS A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced focal cerebral ischemia mouse model and an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD/R) injury model in HT22 cells were established. A neurobehavioral test was performed 24 h after MCAO, and brain infarction was measured. A Morris water maze experiment was conducted on Day 14 after reperfusion in mice. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and TUNEL staining were performed to assess apoptotic neuronal death. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect BDNF and GAP43 expression. The content of SOD, MDA, GSH-PX and ROS were detected. The protein expression was analyzed using Western blotting. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS GEPS reduced apoptosis, decreased cerebral infarction, improved neurological defects, and ameliorated oxidative stress in the ischemic penumbra. In addition, GEPS increased the expression of BDNF and GA43 in the penumbra. Mechanistically, GEPS counteracted MCAO-induced PI3K/AKT inhibition and activation of MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION GEPS has a clear neuroprotective effect on I/R injury, and its mechanism may be linked to the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Nali Song
- Yunnan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Kejian Ma
- Yunnan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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20
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Teder T, Haeggström JZ, Airavaara M, Lõhelaid H. Cross-talk between bioactive lipid mediators and the unfolded protein response in ischemic stroke. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 168:106760. [PMID: 37331425 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic cerebral stroke is a severe medical condition that affects about 15 million people every year and is the second leading cause of death and disability globally. Ischemic stroke results in neuronal cell death and neurological impairment. Current therapies may not adequately address the deleterious metabolic changes and may increase neurological damage. Oxygen and nutrient depletion along with the tissue damage result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), and neuroinflammation in the affected area and cause cell death in the lesion core. The spatio-temporal production of lipid mediators, either pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving, decides the course and outcome of stroke. The modulation of the UPR as well as the resolution of inflammation promotes post-stroke cellular viability and neuroprotection. However, studies about the interplay between the UPR and bioactive lipid mediators remain elusive and this review gives insights about the crosstalk between lipid mediators and the UPR in ischemic stroke. Overall, the treatment of ischemic stroke is often inadequate due to lack of effective drugs, thus, this review will provide novel therapeutical strategies that could promote the functional recovery from ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarvi Teder
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helike Lõhelaid
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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21
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Yang ZH, Liu YJ, Ban WK, Liu HB, Lv LJ, Zhang BY, Liu AL, Hou ZY, Lu J, Chen X, You YY. Pterostilbene alleviated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction via inhibiting early endothelial cytoskeleton reorganization and late basement membrane degradation. Food Funct 2023; 14:8291-8308. [PMID: 37602757 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02639f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Pterostilbene, an important analogue of the star molecule resveratrol and a novel compound naturally occurring in blueberries and grapes, exerts a significant neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), but its mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to follow the molecular mechanisms behind the potential protective effect of pterostilbene against I/R induced injury. For fulfilment of our aim, we investigated the protective effects of pterostilbene on I/R injury caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro. Machine learning models and molecular docking were used for target exploration and validated by western blotting. Pterostilbene significantly reduced the cerebral infarction volume, improved neurological deficits, increased cerebral microcirculation and improved blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage. Machine learning models confirmed that the stroke target MMP-9 bound to pterostilbene, and molecular docking demonstrated the strong binding activity. We further found that pterostilbene could depolymerize stress fibers and maintain the cytoskeleton by effectively increasing the expression of the non-phosphorylated actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) in the early stage of I/R. In the late stage of I/R, pterostilbene could activate the Wnt pathway and inhibit the expression of MMP-9 to decrease the degradation of the extracellular basement membrane (BM) and increase the expression of junction proteins. In this study, we explored the protective mechanisms of pterostilbene in terms of both endothelial cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. The early and late protective effects jointly maintain BBB stability and attenuate I/R injury, showing its potential to be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ye-Ju Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wei-Kang Ban
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ling-Juan Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Bao-Yue Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zi-Yu Hou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Juan Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yu-Yang You
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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22
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Otani T, Nishimura N, Yamashita H, Ii S, Yamada S, Watanabe Y, Oshima M, Wada S. Computational modeling of multiscale collateral blood supply in a whole-brain-scale arterial network. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011452. [PMID: 37683012 PMCID: PMC10519592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebral arterial network covering the brain cortex has multiscale anastomosis structures with sparse intermediate anastomoses (O[102] μm in diameter) and dense pial networks (O[101] μm in diameter). Recent studies indicate that collateral blood supply by cerebral arterial anastomoses has an essential role in the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion. However, the physiological importance of these multiscale morphological properties-and especially of intermediate anastomoses-is poorly understood because of innate structural complexities. In this study, a computational model of multiscale anastomoses in whole-brain-scale cerebral arterial networks was developed and used to evaluate collateral blood supply by anastomoses during middle cerebral artery occlusion. Morphologically validated cerebral arterial networks were constructed by combining medical imaging data and mathematical modeling. Sparse intermediate anastomoses were assigned between adjacent main arterial branches; the pial arterial network was modeled as a dense network structure. Blood flow distributions in the arterial network during middle cerebral artery occlusion simulations were computed. Collateral blood supply by intermediate anastomoses increased sharply with increasing numbers of anastomoses and provided one-order-higher flow recoveries to the occluded region (15%-30%) compared with simulations using a pial network only, even with a small number of intermediate anastomoses (≤10). These findings demonstrate the importance of sparse intermediate anastomoses, which are generally considered redundant structures in cerebral infarction, and provide insights into the physiological significance of the multiscale properties of arterial anastomoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Otani
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ii
- Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Aichi, Japan
- Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Marie Oshima
- Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Wada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Lin Z, Meng Z, Wang T, Guo R, Zhao Y, Li Y, Bo B, Guan Y, Liu J, Zhou H, Yu X, Lin DJ, Liang ZP, Nachev P, Li Y. Predicting the Onset of Ischemic Stroke With Fast High-Resolution 3D MR Spectroscopic Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:838-847. [PMID: 36625533 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurometabolite concentrations provide a direct index of infarction progression in stroke. However, their relationship with stroke onset time remains unclear. PURPOSE To assess the temporal dynamics of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine, choline, and lactate and estimate their value in predicting early (<6 hours) vs. late (6-24 hours) hyperacute stroke groups. STUDY TYPE Cross-sectional cohort. POPULATION A total of 73 ischemic stroke patients scanned at 1.8-302.5 hours after symptom onset, including 25 patients with follow-up scans. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3 T/magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence for anatomical imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging for lesion delineation, and 3D MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) for neurometabolic mapping. ASSESSMENT Patients were divided into hyperacute (0-24 hours), acute (24 hours to 1 week), and subacute (1-2 weeks) groups, and into early (<6 hours) and late (6-24 hours) hyperacute groups. Bayesian logistic regression was used to compare classification performance between early and late hyperacute groups by using different combinations of neurometabolites as inputs. STATISTICAL TESTS Linear mixed effects modeling was applied for group-wise comparisons between NAA, creatine, choline, and lactate. Pearson's correlation analysis was used for neurometabolites vs. time. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Lesional NAA and creatine were significantly lower in subacute than in acute stroke. The main effects of time were shown on NAA (F = 14.321) and creatine (F = 12.261). NAA was significantly lower in late than early hyperacute patients, and was inversely related to time from symptom onset across both groups (r = -0.440). The decrease of NAA and increase of lactate were correlated with lesion volume (NAA: r = -0.472; lactate: r = 0.366) in hyperacute stroke. Discrimination was improved by combining NAA, creatine, and choline signals (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.90). DATA CONCLUSION High-resolution 3D MRSI effectively assessed the neurometabolite changes and discriminated early and late hyperacute stroke lesions. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1. TECHNICAL EFFICACY Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengping Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Meng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyao Wang
- Radiology Department, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yibo Zhao
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yudu Li
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Bin Bo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Guan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Radiology Department, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China of University, South China of University, Hengyang, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David J Lin
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhi-Pei Liang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Yao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Liang Y, Chen B, Liang D, Quan X, Gu R, Meng Z, Gan H, Wu Z, Sun Y, Liu S, Dou G. Pharmacological Effects of Astragaloside IV: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6118. [PMID: 37630371 PMCID: PMC10458270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the main active components extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Astragali and serves as a marker for assessing the herb's quality. AS-IV is a tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin in the form of lanolin ester alcohol and exhibits various biological activities. This review article summarizes the chemical structure of AS-IV, its pharmacological effects, mechanism of action, applications, future prospects, potential weaknesses, and other unexplored biological activities, aiming at an overall analysis. Papers were retrieved from online electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI, and data from studies conducted over the last 10 years on the pharmacological effects of AS-IV as well as its impact were collated. This review focuses on the pharmacological action of AS-IV, such as its anti-inflammatory effect, including suppressing inflammatory factors, increasing T and B lymphocyte proliferation, and inhibiting neutrophil adhesion-associated molecules; antioxidative stress, including scavenging reactive oxygen species, cellular scorching, and regulating mitochondrial gene mutations; neuroprotective effects, antifibrotic effects, and antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Biqiong Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Di Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Quan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
- Scientific Experimental Center of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hui Gan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Guifang Dou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.Q.); (R.G.); (Z.M.); (H.G.); (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
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25
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Du W, Wang J, Zhou L, Zhou J, Feng L, Dou C, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Cai X, Wu J, Zheng Y, Li Y. Transferrin-targeted iridium nanoagglomerates with multi-enzyme activities for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury therapy. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:524-535. [PMID: 37088161 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a complex pathological condition with high mortality. In particular, reperfusion can stimulate overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of inflammation, causing severe secondary injuries to the brain. Despite tremendous efforts, it remains urgent to rationally design antioxidative agents with straightforward and efficient ROS scavenging capability. Herein, a potent antioxidative agent was explored based on iridium oxide nano-agglomerates (Tf-IrO2 NAs) via the facile transferrin (Tf)-templated biomineralization approach, and innovatively applied to treat CIRI. Containing some small-size IrO2 aggregates, these NAs possess intrinsic hydroxyl radicals (•OH)-scavenging ability and multifarious enzyme activities, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Moreover, they also showed improved blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and enhanced accumulation in the ischemic brain via Tf receptor-mediated transcytosis. Therefore, Tf-IrO2 NAs achieved robust in vitro anti-inflammatory and cytoprotection effects against oxidative stress. Importantly, mice were effectively protected against CIRI by enhanced ROS scavenging activity in vivo, and the therapeutic mechanism was systematically verified. These findings broaden the idea of expanding Ir-based NAs as potent antioxidative agents to treat CIRI and other ROS-mediated diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: (1) The ROS-scavenging activities of IrO2 are demonstrated comprehensively, which enriched the family of nano-antioxidants. (2) The engineering Tf-IrO2 nano-agglomerates present unique multifarious enzyme activities and simultaneous transferrin targeting and BBB crossing ability for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury therapy. (3) This work may open an avenue to enable the use of IrO2 to alleviate ROS-mediated inflammatory and brain injury diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Du
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Jienan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Lishuai Feng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Chaoran Dou
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
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26
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Plotnikov MB, Chernysheva GA, Smol’yakova VI, Aliev OI, Anishchenko AM, Ulyakhina OA, Trofimova ES, Ligacheva AA, Anfinogenova ND, Osipenko AN, Kovrizhina AR, Khlebnikov AI, Schepetkin IA, Drozd AG, Plotnikov EV, Atochin DN, Quinn MT. Neuroprotective Effects of Tryptanthrin-6-Oxime in a Rat Model of Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1057. [PMID: 37630972 PMCID: PMC10457995 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays an important role in stroke outcomes. Tryptanthrin-6-oxime (TRYP-Ox) is reported to have high affinity for JNK and anti-inflammatory activity and may be of interest as a promising neuroprotective agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of TRYP-Ox in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia (FCI), which involved intraluminal occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 1 h. Animals in the experimental group were administered intraperitoneal injections of TRYP-Ox 30 min before reperfusion and 23 and 47 h after FCI. Neurological status was assessed 4, 24, and 48 h following FCI onset. Treatment with 5 and 10 mg/kg of TRYP-Ox decreased mean scores of neurological deficits by 35-49 and 46-67% at 24 and 48 h, respectively. At these doses, TRYP-Ox decreased the infarction size by 28-31% at 48 h after FCI. TRYP-Ox (10 mg/kg) reduced the content of interleukin (IL) 1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the ischemic core area of the MCA region by 33% and 38%, respectively, and attenuated cerebral edema by 11% in the left hemisphere, which was affected by infarction, and by 6% in the right, contralateral hemisphere 24 h after FCI. TRYP-Ox reduced c-Jun phosphorylation in the MCA pool at 1 h after reperfusion. TRYP-Ox was predicted to have high blood-brain barrier permeability using various calculated descriptors and binary classification trees. Indeed, reactive oxidant production was significantly lower in the brain homogenates from rats treated with TRYP-Ox versus that in control animals. Our data suggest that the neuroprotective activity of TRYP-Ox may be due to the ability of this compound to inhibit JNK and exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Thus, TRYP-Ox may be considered a promising neuroprotective agent that potentially could be used for the development of new treatment strategies in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Plotnikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
- Faculty of Radiophysics, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Galina A. Chernysheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Vera I. Smol’yakova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Oleg I. Aliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Anna M. Anishchenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Olga A. Ulyakhina
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Eugene S. Trofimova
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Anastasia A. Ligacheva
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634028, Russia; (M.B.P.); (G.A.C.); (V.I.S.); (O.I.A.); (A.M.A.); (O.A.U.); (E.S.T.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Nina D. Anfinogenova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634012, Russia;
| | - Anton N. Osipenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Anastasia R. Kovrizhina
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.R.K.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Andrei I. Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.R.K.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Anastasia G. Drozd
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.G.D.); (E.V.P.)
| | - Evgenii V. Plotnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.G.D.); (E.V.P.)
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | - Dmitriy N. Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
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Shpetko YY, Filippenkov IB, Denisova AE, Stavchansky VV, Gubsky LV, Limborska SA, Dergunova LV. Isoflurane Anesthesia's Impact on Gene Expression Patterns of Rat Brains in an Ischemic Stroke Model. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1448. [PMID: 37510352 PMCID: PMC10379230 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most severe brain diseases. Animal models with anesthesia are actively used to study stroke genomics and pathogenesis. However, the anesthesia-related gene expression patterns of ischemic rat brains remain poorly understood. In this study, we sought to elucidate the impact of isoflurane (ISO) anesthesia on the extent of ischemic brain damage and gene expression changes associated with stroke. METHODS We used the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model under long-term and short-term ISO anesthesia, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), RNA sequencing, and bioinformatics. RESULTS We revealed that the volume of cerebral damage at 24 h after tMCAO was inversely proportional to the duration of ISO anesthesia. Then, we revealed hundreds of overlapping ischemia-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a cutoff of >1.5; Padj < 0.05, and 694 and 1557 DEGs only under long-term and short-term anesthesia, respectively, using sham-operated controls. Concomitantly, unique DEGs identified under short-term anesthesia were mainly associated with neurosignaling systems, whereas unique DEGs identified under long-term anesthesia were predominantly related to the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS We were able to determine the effects of the duration of anesthesia using isoflurane on the transcriptomes in the brains of rats at 24 h after tMCAO. Thus, specific genome responses may be useful in developing potential approaches to reduce damaged areas after cerebral ischemia and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Y Shpetko
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Ivan B Filippenkov
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Alina E Denisova
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vasily V Stavchansky
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Leonid V Gubsky
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Federal Center for the Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Biomedical Agency, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, Building 10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Limborska
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V Dergunova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow 123182, Russia
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28
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Chamorro B, Izquierdo-Bermejo S, Martín-de-Saavedra MD, López-Muñoz F, Chioua M, Marco-Contelles J, Oset-Gasque MJ. Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Properties of CholesteroNitrone ChN2 and QuinolylNitrone QN23 in an Experimental Model of Cerebral Ischemia: Involvement of Necrotic and Apoptotic Cell Death. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1364. [PMID: 37507904 PMCID: PMC10376237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. However, current therapeutic strategies are scarce and of limited efficacy. The abundance of information available on the molecular pathophysiology of ischemic stroke has sparked considerable interest in developing new neuroprotective agents that can target different events of the ischemic cascade and may be used in combination with existing treatments. In this regard, nitrones represent a very promising alternative due to their renowned antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the neuroprotective effects of two nitrones, cholesteronitrone 2 (ChN2) and quinolylnitrone 23 (QN23), which have previously shown great potential for the treatment of stroke. Using an experimental in vitro model of cerebral ischemia, we compared their anti-necrotic, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties with those of three reference compounds. Both ChN2 and QN23 demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects (EC50 = 0.66 ± 0.23 μM and EC50 = 2.13 ± 0.47 μM, respectively) comparable to those of homo-bis-nitrone 6 (HBN6) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and superior to those of α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN). While primarily derived from the nitrones' anti-necrotic capacities, their anti-apoptotic effects at high concentrations and antioxidant powers-especially in the case of QN23-also contribute to their neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Chamorro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Izquierdo-Bermejo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Martín-de-Saavedra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, "Hospital 12 de Octubre" Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mourad Chioua
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Oset-Gasque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Xu J, Hsu SH. Self-healing hydrogel as an injectable implant: translation in brain diseases. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:43. [PMID: 37340481 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering biomaterials are aimed to mimic natural tissue and promote new tissue formation for the treatment of impaired or diseased tissues. Highly porous biomaterial scaffolds are often used to carry cells or drugs to regenerate tissue-like structures. Meanwhile, self-healing hydrogel as a category of smart soft hydrogel with the ability to automatically repair its own structure after damage has been developed for various applications through designs of dynamic crosslinking networks. Due to flexibility, biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization, self-healing hydrogel has great potential in regenerative medicine, especially in restoring the structure and function of impaired neural tissue. Recent researchers have developed self-healing hydrogel as drug/cell carriers or tissue support matrices for targeted injection via minimally invasive surgery, which has become a promising strategy in treating brain diseases. In this review, the development history of self-healing hydrogel for biomedical applications and the design strategies according to different crosslinking (gel formation) mechanisms are summarized. The current therapeutic progress of self-healing hydrogels for brain diseases is described as well, with an emphasis on the potential therapeutic applications validated by in vivo experiments. The most recent aspect as well as the design rationale of self-healing hydrogel for different brain diseases is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Xu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35 Keyan Road, Miaoli, 350401, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Srakočić S, Gorup D, Kutlić D, Petrović A, Tarabykin V, Gajović S. Reactivation of corticogenesis-related transcriptional factors BCL11B and SATB2 after ischemic lesion of the adult mouse brain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8539. [PMID: 37237015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize expression of corticogenesis-related transcription factors BCL11B and SATB2 after brain ischemic lesion in the adult mice, and to analyze their correlation to the subsequent brain recovery. Ischemic brain lesion was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion, and the animals with ischemic lesion were compared to the sham controls. Progression of the brain damage and subsequent recovery was longitudinally monitored structurally, by magnetic resonance imaging, and functionally, by neurological deficit assessment. Seven days after the ischemic injury the brains were isolated and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The results showed higher expression in the brain of both, BCL11B and SATB2 in the animals with ischemic lesion compared to the sham controls. The co-expression of both markers, BCL11B and SATB2, increased in the ischemic brains, as well as the co-expression of BCL11B with the beneficial transcriptional factor ATF3 but not its co-expression with detrimental HDAC2. BCL11B was mainly implicated in the ipsilateral and SATB2 in the contralateral brain hemisphere, and their level in these regions correlated with the functional recovery rate. The results indicate that the reactivation of corticogenesis-related transcription factors BCL11B and SATB2 is beneficial after brain ischemic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Srakočić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Gorup
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Universität Zürich, Universitätspital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Kutlić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Petrović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Pr. Gagarina 24, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Srećko Gajović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Yamagata K. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits ischemic stroke to reduce vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 167:106733. [PMID: 37028469 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Stroke and dementia are global leading causes of neurological disability and death. The pathology of these diseases is interrelated and they share common, modifiable risk factors. It is suggested that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) prevents neurological and vascular disorders induced by ischemic stroke and also prevent dementia. The purpose of this study was to review the potential preventative role of DHA against ischemic stroke-induced vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, I analyzed studies on stroke-induced dementia from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases as well as studies on the effects of DHA on stroke-induced dementia. As per the results of interventional studies, DHA intake can potentially ameliorate dementia and cognitive function. In particular, DHA derived from foods such as fish oil enters the blood and then migrates to the brain by binding to fatty acid binding protein 5 that is present in cerebral vascular endothelial cells. At this point, the esterified form of DHA produced by lysophosphatidylcholine is preferentially absorbed into the brain instead of free DHA. DHA accumulates in nerve cell membrane and is involved in the prevention of dementia. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of DHA and DHA metabolites as well as their ability to decrease amyloid beta (Aβ) 42 production were implicated in the improvement of cognitive function. The antioxidant effect of DHA, the inhibition of neuronal cell death by Aβ peptide, improvement in learning ability, and enhancement of synaptic plasticity may contribute to the prevention of dementia induced by ischemic stroke.
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Kalinichenko SG, Pushchin II, Matveeva NY. Neurotoxic and cytoprotective mechanisms in the ischemic neocortex. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 128:102230. [PMID: 36603664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal damage in ischemic stroke occurs due to permanent imbalance between the metabolic needs of the brain and the ability of the blood-vascular system to maintain glucose delivery and adequate gas exchange. Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity trigger complex processes of neuroinflammation, necrosis, and apoptosis of both neurons and glial cells. This review summarizes data on the structural and chemical changes in the neocortex and main cytoprotective effects induced by focal ischemic stroke. We focus on the expression of neurotrophins (NT) and molecular and cellular changes in neurovascular units in ischemic brain. We also discuss how these factors affect the apoptosis of cortical cells. Ischemic damage involves close interaction of a wide range of signaling molecules, each acting as an efficient marker of cell state in both the ischemic core and penumbra. NTs play the main regulatory role in brain tissue recovery after ischemic injury. Heterogeneous distribution of the BDNF, NT-3, and GDNF immunoreactivity is concordant with the selective response of different types of cortical neurons and glia to ischemic injury and allows mapping the position of viable neurons. Astrocytes are the central link in neurovascular coupling in ischemic brain by providing other cells with a wide range of vasotropic factors. The NT expression coincides with the distribution of reactive astrocytes, marking the boundaries of the penumbra. The development of ischemic stroke is accompanied by a dramatic change in the distribution of GDNF reactivity. In early ischemic period, it is mainly observed in cortical neurons, while in late one, the bulk of GDNF-positive cells are various types of glia, in particular, astrocytes. The proportion of GDNF-positive astrocytes increases gradually throughout the ischemic period. Some factors that exert cytoprotective effects in early ischemic period may display neurotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects later on. The number of apoptotic cells in the ischemic brain tissue correlates with the BDNF levels, corroborating its protective effects. Cytoprotection and neuroplasticity are two lines of brain protection and recovery after ischemic stroke. NTs can be considered an important link in these processes. To develop efficient pharmacological therapy for ischemic brain injury, we have to deepen our understanding of neurochemical adaptation of brain tissue to acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G Kalinichenko
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
| | - Igor I Pushchin
- Laboratory of Physiology, A.V. Zhirmusky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
| | - Natalya Yu Matveeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
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Pegadraju H, Abby Thomas J, Kumar R. Mechanistic and therapeutic role of Drp1 in the pathogenesis of stroke. Gene 2023; 855:147130. [PMID: 36543307 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke had emerged as one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability across the globe. Emerging evidence suggests a significant increase in the incidence of stroke with age, which is further expected to increase dramatically owing to an ever-expanding elderly population. The current situation imposes a significant burden on the healthcare system and requires a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and development of novel interventions. It is well established that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the onset of stroke. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), is a key regulator of mitochondria fission, and plays a crucial role during the pathogenesis of stroke. Drp1 protein levels significantly increase after stroke potentially in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) dependent manner. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) facilitate mitochondrial fission and cell death by dephosphorylating the mitochondrial fission enzyme Drp1 at the inhibitory phosphorylation site serine 637. Outer mitochondrial membrane A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins 1 (AKAP 1) and protein kinase A complex (PKA) complex inhibits Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission by phosphorylating serine 637. Drp1 activation promotes the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria and therefore leads to apoptosis. In addition, Drp1 activation inhibits mitochondrial glutathione dependent free radical scavenging, which further enhances the ROS level and exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction. Drp1 translocate p53 to mitochondrial membrane and leads to mitochondria-related necrosis. The current review article discusses the possible mechanistic pathways by which Drp1 can influence the pathogenesis of stroke. Besides, it will describe various inhibitors for Drp1 and their potential role as therapeutics for stroke in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himaja Pegadraju
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Joshua Abby Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India.
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Ischemic stroke protected by ISO-1 inhibition of apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2788. [PMID: 36797398 PMCID: PMC9935850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an immune mediator associated with inflammation, which is upregulated after ischemia in brain tissue. ISO-1 is a potent inhibitor of MIF tautomerase and can protect neurons by reducing the permeability of blood brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the role of ISO-1 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by establishing a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion in rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: the sham operation group, the ISO-1group, the cerebral I/R group, and the ISO-1 + I/R group. We assessed the degree of neurological deficit in each group and measured the volume of cerebral infarction. We detected the expression of MIF in the core necrotic area and penumbra. We detected the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), endonuclease G (EndoG) and cytochrome c oxidase-IV (COX-IV) in the ischemic penumbra region. The results showed that MIF was expressed in the ischemic penumbra, while the injection of ISO-1 was able to alleviate neurological damage and reduce the infarction volume. In the cerebral ischemic penumbra region, ISO-1 could reduce the expression of Bax and Caspase3 and inhibit the displacement of AIF and EndoG to the nucleus simultaneously. Besides, ISO-1 also exhibited the ability to reduce apoptosis. In summary, ISO-1 may inhibit neuronal apoptosis through the endogenous mitochondrial pathway and reduce the injury of brain I/R after ischemic stroke.
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Kolahchi Z, Rahimian N, Momtazmanesh S, Hamidianjahromi A, Shahjouei S, Mowla A. Direct Mechanical Thrombectomy Versus Prior Bridging Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010185. [PMID: 36676135 PMCID: PMC9863165 DOI: 10.3390/life13010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current guideline recommends using an intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV tPA) prior to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in eligible acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO). Some recent studies found no significant differences in the long-term functional outcomes between bridging therapy (BT, i.e., IV tPA prior to MT) and direct MT (dMT). METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the safety and functional outcomes between BT and dMT in AIS patients with ELVO who were eligible for IV tPA administration. Based on the ELVO location, patients were categorized as the anterior group (occlusion of the anterior circulation), or the combined group (occlusion of the anterior and/or posterior circulation). A subgroup analysis was performed based on the study type, i.e., RCT and non-RCT. RESULTS Thirteen studies (3985 patients) matched the eligibility criteria. Comparing the BT and dMT groups, no significant differences in terms of mortality and good functional outcome were observed at 90 days. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhagic (sICH) events were more frequent in BT patients in the combined group (OR = 0.73, p = 0.02); this result remained significant only in the non-RCT subgroup (OR = 0.67, p = 0.03). The RCT subgroup had a significantly higher rate of successful revascularization in BT patients (OR = 0.73, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis uncovered no significant differences in functional outcome and mortality rate at 90 days between dMT and BT in patients with AIS who had ELVO. Although BT performed better in terms of successful recanalization rate, there is a risk of increased sICH rate in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kolahchi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Nasrin Rahimian
- Department of Neurology, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68124, USA
| | - Sara Momtazmanesh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Anahid Hamidianjahromi
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shima Shahjouei
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ashkan Mowla
- Division of Stroke and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +323-409-7422; Fax: +323-226-7833
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36
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Noll JM, Augello CJ, Kürüm E, Pan L, Pavenko A, Nam A, Ford BD. Spatial Analysis of Neural Cell Proteomic Profiles Following Ischemic Stroke in Mice Using High-Plex Digital Spatial Profiling. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7236-7252. [PMID: 36151369 PMCID: PMC9616789 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is ranked as the fifth leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in the USA. The progression of neuronal damage after stroke is recognized to be a complex integration of glia, neurons, and the surrounding extracellular matrix, therefore potential treatments must target the detrimental effects created by these interactions. In this study, we examined the spatial cellular and neuroinflammatory mechanisms occurring early after ischemic stroke utilizing Nanostring Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) technology. Male C57bl/6 mice were subjected to photothrombotic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and sacrificed at 3 days post-ischemia. Spatial distinction of the ipsilateral hemisphere was studied according to the regions of interest: the ischemic core, peri-infarct tissues, and peri-infarct normal tissue (PiNT) in comparison to the contralateral hemisphere. We demonstrated that the ipsilateral hemisphere initiates distinct spatial regulatory proteomic profiles with DSP technology that can be identified consistently with the immunohistochemical markers, FJB, GFAP, and Iba-1. The core border profile demonstrated an induction of neuronal death, apoptosis, autophagy, immunoreactivity, and early degenerative proteins. Most notably, the core border resulted in a decrease of the neuronal proteins Map2 and NeuN; an increase in the autophagy proteins BAG3 and CTSD; an increase in the microglial and peripheral immune invasion proteins Iba1, CD45, CD11b, and CD39; and an increase in the neurodegenerative proteins BACE1, APP, amyloid β 1-42, ApoE, and hyperphosphorylated tau protein S-199. The peri-infarct region demonstrated increased astrocytic, immunoreactivity, apoptotic, and neurodegenerative proteomic profiles, with an increase in BAG3, GFAP, and hyperphosphorylated tau protein S-199. The PiNT region displayed minimal changes compared to the contralateral cortex with only an increase in GFAP. In this study, we showed that mechanisms known to be associated with stroke, such as apoptosis and inflammation, occur in distinct spatial domains of the injured brain following ischemia. We also demonstrated the dysregulation of specific autophagic pathways that may lead to neurodegeneration in peri-infarct brain tissues. Taken together, these data suggest that identifying post-ischemic mechanisms occurring in a spatiotemporal manner may lead to more precise targets for successful therapeutic interventions to treat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Noll
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California-Riverside School of Medicine, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Catherine J Augello
- Division of Bioengineering, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Esra Kürüm
- Department of Statistics, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Liuliu Pan
- Nanostring Technologies, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Anna Pavenko
- Nanostring Technologies, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Andy Nam
- Nanostring Technologies, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Byron D Ford
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California-Riverside School of Medicine, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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37
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Advancements in Hydrogel Application for Ischemic Stroke Therapy. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120777. [PMID: 36547301 PMCID: PMC9778209 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. There is almost no effective treatment for this disease. Therefore, developing effective treatment for ischemic stroke is urgently needed. Efficient delivery of therapeutic drugs to ischemic sites remained a great challenge for improved treatment of strokes. In recent years, hydrogel-based strategies have been widely investigated for new and improved therapies. They have the advantage of delivering therapeutics in a controlled manner to the poststroke sites, aiming to enhance the intrinsic repair and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of stroke and the development of injectable hydrogels in the application of both stroke treatment and neural tissue engineering. We also discuss the prospect and the challenges of hydrogels in the treatment of ischemic strokes.
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Qin S, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Liu J, Qiu J, Gong Y, Fan W, Guo Y, Guo Y, Xu Z, Guo Y. The impact of acupuncture on neuroplasticity after ischemic stroke: a literature review and perspectives. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:817732. [PMID: 36439200 PMCID: PMC9685811 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.817732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is common in the elderly, and is one of the main causes of long-term disability worldwide. After ischemic stroke, spontaneous recovery and functional reconstruction take place. These processes are possible thanks to neuroplasticity, which involves neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and angiogenesis. However, the repair of ischemic damage is not complete, and neurological deficits develop eventually. The WHO recommends acupuncture as an alternative and complementary method for the treatment of stroke. Moreover, clinical and experimental evidence has documented the potential of acupuncture to ameliorate ischemic stroke-induced neurological deficits, particularly sequelae such as dyskinesia, spasticity, cognitive impairment, and dysphagia. These effects are related to the ability of acupuncture to promote spontaneous neuroplasticity after ischemic stroke. Specifically, acupuncture can stimulate neurogenesis, activate axonal regeneration and sprouting, and improve the structure and function of synapses. These processes modify the neural network and function of the damaged brain area, producing the improvement of various skills and adaptability. Astrocytes and microglia may be involved in the regulation of neuroplasticity by acupuncture, such as by the production and release of a variety of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Moreover, the evidence presented indicates that acupuncture promotes neuroplasticity by modulating the functional reconstruction of the whole brain after ischemia. Therefore, the promotion of neuroplasticity is expected to become a new target for acupuncture in the treatment of neurological deficits after ischemic stroke, and research into the mechanisms responsible for these actions will be of significant clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siru Qin
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yadan Zhao
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiwen Qiu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinan Gong
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Physical Therapy Course, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Yongming Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Acupuncture Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Ye X, Zhu B, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang D, Zhao Z, Li Z. Integrated Metabolomics and Lipidomics Approach for the Study of Metabolic Network and Early Diagnosis in Cerebral Infarction. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2635-2646. [PMID: 36264770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral infarction (CI) remains a major cause of high mortality and long-term disability worldwide. The exploration of biomarkers and pathogenesis is crucial for the early diagnosis of CI. Although the understanding of metabolic perturbations underlying CI has increased in recent years, the relationship between altered metabolites and disease pathogenesis has only been partially elucidated and requires further investigation. In this study, we performed an integrated metabolomics and lipidomics analysis on 59 healthy subjects and 47 CI patients. Ultimately, 49 metabolite and 68 lipid biomarkers were identified and enriched in 24 disturbed pathways. The metabolic network revealed a significant interaction between altered lipids and other metabolites. Using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, a panel of three polar metabolites and seven lipids was optimized in the training set, which included taurine, oleoylcarnitine, creatinine, PE(22:6/P-18:0), Cer 34:2, GlcCer(d18:0/18:0), DG 44:0, LysoPC(16:0), 22:6-OH/LysoPC, and TAG58:7-FA22:4. Subsequently, a support vector machine (SVM) model was constructed and validated, which showed excellent predictive ability in the validation set. Thereby, the integrated metabolomics and lipidomics approach could contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic dyshomeostasis associated with the pathogenesis of underlying CI. The present research may promote a deeper understanding and early diagnosis of CI in the clinic. All raw data were deposited in PRIDE (PXD036199).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, No. 105, West Third Ring Road North, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring Road West, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, No. 105, West Third Ring Road North, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yingfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, No. 105, West Third Ring Road North, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, No. 105, West Third Ring Road North, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring Road West, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, No. 105, West Third Ring Road North, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
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Protective Effect of Ergothioneine Against Stroke in Rodent Models. Neuromolecular Med 2022:10.1007/s12017-022-08727-w. [PMID: 36261765 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08727-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ET) is a naturally occurring antioxidant and cytoprotective agent that is synthesized by fungi and certain bacteria. Recent studies have shown a beneficial effect of ET on neurological functions, including cognition and animal models of depression. The aim of this study is to elucidate a possible effect of ET in rodent models of stroke. Post-ischemic intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of ET significantly reduced brain infarct volume by as early as 1 day after infusion in rats, as shown by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) assay. There was a dose-dependent increase in protection, from 50 to 200 ng of ET infusion. These results suggest that ET could have a protective effect on CNS neurons. We next elucidated the effect of systemic ET on brain infarct volume in mice after stroke. Daily i.p. injection of 35 mg/kg ET (the first dose being administered 3 h after stroke) had no significant effect on infarct volume. However, daily i.p. injections of 70 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 125 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg ET, with the first dose administered 3 h after stroke, significantly decreased infarct volume at 7 days after vessel occlusion in mice. In order to elucidate at what time interval during the 7 days there could be effective protection, a second set of experiments was carried out in mice, using one of the effective loading protocols, i.e. 125 mg/kg i.p. ET but the brains were analyzed at 1, 4 and 7 days post-stroke by MRI. We found that ET was already protective against neuronal injury and decreased the size of the brain infarct from as early as 1 day post-stroke. Behavioral experiments carried out on a third set of mice (using 125 mg/kg i.p. ET) showed that this was accompanied by significant improvements in certain behaviors (pole test) at 1 day after stroke. Together, results of this study indicate that i.c.v. and systemic ET are effective in reducing brain infarct volume after stroke in rodent models.
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Wang H, Zhang B, Dong W, Li Y, Zhao L, Zhang Y. Effect of Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate in Improving Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through Multiple Mechanisms. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221142792. [PMID: 36479318 PMCID: PMC9720820 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221142792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute ischemic stroke is a current major disabling and killer disease worldwide. We aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of diammonium glycyrrhizinate in alleviating acute ischemic stroke. METHODS Ninety male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (weighing 250-300 g) were randomly allocated into three groups: sham operation group (sham group), diammonium glycyrrhizinate group (DG group) and model group (model group) each with 30 individuals. A rat model of focal CIR injury was established by reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion. RESULTS Zea-Longa scores for the rats in the DG group and model group were 7-fold and 8-fold higher than those of the sham group 2 h post-surgery (2.90 ± 0.99 vs. 0.30 ± 0.53, P < .05; 2.80 ± 0.61 vs. 0.30 ± 0.53, P < .05, respectively). Three days after model establishment, the scores of DG group were 26.92% lower compared with those of the model group (1.90 ± 0.76 vs. 2.60 ± 0.62, P < .05). In addition, compared with the sham group, the number of Nissl bodies and Akt-positive cells in were 27.35% and 30.42% lower in the hippocampus of the DG group (Nissl bodies: 83.40 ± 7.01 vs. 115.60 ± 11.97, p < 0.05; Akt-positive cells: 94.70 ± 8.23 vs. 136.10 ± 10.37, P < .05) and 58.65% and 57.31% lower in the model group (Nissl bodies: 47.80 ± 4.91 vs. 115.60 ± 11.97, P < .05; Akt-positive cells: 58.10 ± 4.98 vs. 136.10 ± 10.37, P < 0.05), respectively. However, the number of Nissl bodies and Akt-positive cells in the hippocampus of DG group were 74.48% and 62.9% higher compared with the model group, respectively (Nissl bodies: 83.40 ± 7.01 vs. 47.80 ± 4, P < 0.05; Akt-positive cells: 94.70 ± 8.23 vs. 58.10 ± 4.98, P < .05). In addition, compared with the sham group, the number of caspase-3-positive cells, the expression level of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) were 2-fold, 34.38%, 64.78% higher in the DG group (caspase-3-positive cells: 78.70 ± 6.52 vs. 27.10 ±3.00, P < .05; p-38MAPK: 0.43 ± 0.15 vs. 0.32 ± 0.10, P < .05; MMP-9: 14.83 ± 1.18 vs. 9.00 ± 2.05, P < .05, respectively), and more than 3-fold, 1-fold and 1-fold higher in model group (caspase-3-positive cells: 121.10 ± 11.04 vs. 27.10 ± 3.00, P < .05; p-38MAPK: 0.70 ± 0.12 vs. 0.32 ± 0.10, P < .05; MMP-9: 19.00 ± 1.90 vs. 9.00 ± 2.05, P < .05), respectively. However, the number of caspase-3-positive cells and the expression levels of p-38MAPK and MMP-9 were 35.01%, 38.57% and 28.12% lower in DG group compared with the model group (caspase-3-positive cells: 78.70 ± 6.52 vs. 121.10 ± 11.04, P < .05; p-38MAPK: 0.43 ± 0.15 vs. 0.70 ± 0.12, P < .05; MMP-9: 14.83 ± 1.18 vs. 19.00 ± 1.90, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that diammonium glycyrrhizinate at 20 mg/kg/day had a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by promoting formation of Nissl bodies and increasing protein expression of Akt while decreasing that of caspase-3, p38 MAPK and MMP-9, either directly or indirectly, by inhibiting apoptosis and reducing neuroinflammation. All these mechanisms resulted in improved overall neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Rehabilitation Medical Department,
Tianjin
Union Medical Center, Rehabilitation
Medical Research Center of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Neurology,
Dongli District
Hospital, Tianjin, Chian
| | - Weiwei Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine,
The
Fourth Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical
University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Neurology,
Tianjin
Medical University General Hospital,
Tianjin, China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery,
Tianjin
Medical University General Hospital Airport
Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medical Department,
Tianjin
Union Medical Center, Rehabilitation
Medical Research Center of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
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Fyn Signaling in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Potential and Therapeutic Implications. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:9112127. [PMID: 36157893 PMCID: PMC9499810 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke caused by arterial occlusion is the most common type of stroke and is one of the leading causes of disability and death, with the incidence increasing each year. Fyn is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the Src family of kinases (SFKs), which is related to many normal and pathological processes of the nervous system, including neurodevelopment and disease progression. In recent years, more and more evidence suggests that Fyn may be closely related to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, including energy metabolism disorders, excitatory neurotoxicity, intracellular calcium homeostasis, free radical production, and the activation of apoptotic genes. This paper reviews the role of Fyn in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, including neuroexcitotoxicity and neuroinflammation, to explore how Fyn affects specific signal cascades and leads to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, Fyn also promotes the production of superoxide and endogenous NO, so as to quickly react to produce peroxynitrite, which may also mediate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is discussed in this paper. Finally, we revealed the treatment methods related to Fyn inhibitors and discussed its potential as a clinical treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Kim M, Oh J, Lee Y, Lee EH, Ko SH, Jeong JH, Park CH, Lee M. Delivery of self-replicating messenger RNA into the brain for the treatment of ischemic stroke. J Control Release 2022; 350:471-485. [PMID: 36041589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is caused by the occlusion of cerebral arteries. In the ischemic stroke, ischemia-reperfusion injury increases the damage in the brain after reperfusion. In the previous study, heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) mRNA was delivered into the ischemic brain, showing that HO1-mRNA had higher therapeutic effect and less side-effect than HO1-plasmid (pHO1). However, mRNA is degraded faster than plasmid DNA reducing the duration of gene expression. In this study, self-replicating mRNA (Rep-mRNA) was developed using a replicon system from Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus to compensate this disadvantage of mRNA delivery. Deoxycholic acid-conjugated polyethylenimine (DA-PEI) was used as a carrier of the mRNA. The Rep-mRNA/DA-PEI complex had a size of around 90 nm and a zeta-potential of 33 mV. In the in vitro transfection assays, gene expression by the HO1-Rep-mRNA/DA-PEI complex persisted at least 14 days, while that by the HO1-mRNA/DA-PEI complex approached basal level at 3 days after transfection. Therapeutic effects of the HO1-Rep-mRNA/DA-PEI complexes were evaluated in the ischemic stroke animal models. The complexes were injected into the brain stereotaxically. HO1 expression by the HO1-Rep-mRNA/DA-PEI complex persisted at least 7 days after injection, but the pHO1/DA-PEI or HO1-mRNA/DA-PEI complex showed basal level of HO1-expression at 7 days after injection. Due to higher and longer expression of HO1, the apoptosis level and infarct size were decreased by the HO1-Rep-mRNA/DA-PEI complexes, compared with the pHO1/DA-PEI and HO1-mRNA/DA-PEI complex. These results suggest that HO1-Rep-mRNA/DA-PEI complex may have a potential as a long-lasting therapeutic system for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seondong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seondong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngki Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seondong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Park
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seondong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of HeteroBisNitrones Derived from Benzene Dicarbaldehydes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081575. [PMID: 36009295 PMCID: PMC9404792 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis and antioxidant profile of nine novel heterobisnitrones (hBNs) as new α-phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) analogues. The synthesized hBNs 1–9 were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using different in vitro techniques, while they were also tested as inhibitors of soybean LOX, as an indication of their anti-inflammatory effect. Nitrone hBN9 is the most potent antioxidant presenting higher anti-lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activities as well as higher lipoxygenase inhibition. In silico calculations reveal that hBN9 follows Lipinski’s rule of five and that the molecule is able to penetrate theoretically the brain. All these results led us to propose hBN9 as a new potent antioxidant nitrone.
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Association between Deep Medullary Veins in the Unaffected Hemisphere and Functional Outcome in Acute Cardioembolic Stroke: An Observational Retrospective Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12080978. [PMID: 35892419 PMCID: PMC9330894 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12080978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore whether deep medullary veins (DMVs) in the unaffected hemisphere were associated with functional outcome in acute cardioembolic stroke patients. Methods: Acute cardioembolic stroke patients at a single center were retrospectively included. DMVs visibility in the unaffected hemisphere was assessed using a well-established four-grade scoring method based on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI): grades 0−3 (grade 0 for no visible DMVs; grade 1 for the numbers of conspicuous DMVs < 5; grade 2 for numbers raging from 5 to 10; grade 3 for more than 10). Patients were further divided into mild-to-moderate (grade 0−2) and severe DMVs (grade 3) groups. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at three months. Poor outcome was defined as mRS ≥ 3. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between DMVs grade and functional outcome. Results: A total of 170 patients were finally included. Compared with the mild-to-moderate DMVs group (149 patients), the severe DMVs group (21 patients) had higher baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (p = 0.002), lower levels of admission systolic blood pressure (BP) (p = 0.031), and elevated rates of large infarction (p = 0.003). At three months, the severe DMVs group had higher mRS (p = 0.002). Patients in the poor outcome group (82/170, 48.2%) had older age, higher baseline NIHSS score, lower admission diastolic BP, higher rates of hemorrhagic transformation and large infarction, and an increased proportion of severe DMVs (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, multivariable regression analysis showed that the severe DMVs grade (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.830, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.266−26.856, p = 0.024) was significantly associated with three-month functional outcomes without interaction with other potential risk factors (p for interaction > 0.05). Conclusions: DMVs grade in the unaffected hemisphere was independently associated with three-month functional outcome in acute cardioembolic stroke patients. Patients with severe DMVs were more likely to have a poor functional outcome at three months.
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Non-invasive brain stimulation as therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke: Insights into the (sub)cellular mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108160. [PMID: 35183592 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although spontaneous recovery can occur following ischemic stroke due to endogenous neuronal reorganization and neuroplastic events, the degree of functional improvement is highly variable, causing many patients to remain permanently impaired. In the last decades, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have emerged as potential add-on interventions to the standard neurorehabilitation programs to improve post-stroke recovery. Due to their ability to modulate cortical excitability and to induce neuroreparative processes in the brain, multiple studies have assessed the safety, efficacy and (sub)cellular mechanisms of NIBS following ischemic stroke. In this review, an overview will be provided of the different NIBS techniques that are currently being investigated in (pre)clinical stroke studies. The NIBS therapies that will be discussed include transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation and extremely low frequency electromagnetic stimulation. First, an overview will be given of the cellular mechanisms induced by NIBS that are associated with enhanced stroke outcome in preclinical models. Furthermore, the current knowledge on safety and efficacy of these NIBS techniques in stroke patients will be reviewed.
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47
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Lin X, Li N, Tang H. Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Diagnosis, Treatments, and Neurorestoration in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:885190. [PMID: 35836741 PMCID: PMC9274459 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.885190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major public health issue, corresponding to the second cause of mortality and the first cause of severe disability. Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, accounting for 87% of all strokes, where early detection and clinical intervention are well known to decrease its morbidity and mortality. However, the diagnosis of ischemic stroke has been limited to the late stages, and its therapeutic window is too narrow to provide rational and effective treatment. In addition, clinical thrombolytics suffer from a short half-life, inactivation, allergic reactions, and non-specific tissue targeting. Another problem is the limited ability of current neuroprotective agents to promote recovery of the ischemic brain tissue after stroke, which contributes to the progressive and irreversible nature of ischemic stroke and also the severity of the outcome. Fortunately, because of biomaterials’ inherent biochemical and biophysical properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, nontoxicity, long blood circulation time, and targeting ability. Utilization of them has been pursued as an innovative and promising strategy to tackle these challenges. In this review, special emphasis will be placed on the recent advances in the study of nanomaterials for the diagnosis and therapy of ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, nanomaterials provide much promise for neural tissue salvage and regeneration in brain ischemia, which is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Na Li Hongli Tang
| | - Hongli Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Na Li Hongli Tang
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Van Breedam E, Ponsaerts P. Promising Strategies for the Development of Advanced In Vitro Models with High Predictive Power in Ischaemic Stroke Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137140. [PMID: 35806146 PMCID: PMC9266337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although stroke is one of the world’s leading causes of death and disability, and more than a thousand candidate neuroprotective drugs have been proposed based on extensive in vitro and animal-based research, an effective neuroprotective/restorative therapy for ischaemic stroke patients is still missing. In particular, the high attrition rate of neuroprotective compounds in clinical studies should make us question the ability of in vitro models currently used for ischaemic stroke research to recapitulate human ischaemic responses with sufficient fidelity. The ischaemic stroke field would greatly benefit from the implementation of more complex in vitro models with improved physiological relevance, next to traditional in vitro and in vivo models in preclinical studies, to more accurately predict clinical outcomes. In this review, we discuss current in vitro models used in ischaemic stroke research and describe the main factors determining the predictive value of in vitro models for modelling human ischaemic stroke. In light of this, human-based 3D models consisting of multiple cell types, either with or without the use of microfluidics technology, may better recapitulate human ischaemic responses and possess the potential to bridge the translational gap between animal-based in vitro and in vivo models, and human patients in clinical trials.
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Tako LM, Strzelczyk A, Rosenow F, Pfeilschifter W, Steinmetz H, Golbach R, Schäfer JH, Zöllner JP, Kohlhase K. Predictive Factors of Acute Symptomatic Seizures in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Due to Large Vessel Occlusion. Front Neurol 2022; 13:894173. [PMID: 35711262 PMCID: PMC9196034 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.894173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute symptomatic seizures (ASz) after ischemic stroke are associated with increased mortality; therefore, identifying predictors of ASz is important. The purpose of this study was to analyze predictors of ASz in a population of patients with ischemic stroke due to large arterial vessel occlusion (LVO). Materials and Methods This retrospective study examined patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by LVO between 2016 and 2020. Identification of predictive factors was performed using univariate and subsequent multiple logistic regression analysis. In addition, subgroup analysis regarding seizure semiology and time of seizure occurrence (≤ 24 h and > 24 h after stroke) was performed. Results The frequency of ASz among 979 patients was 3.9 % (n = 38). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed an increased risk of ASz in patients with higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission or 24 h after admission, hypernatremia at admission ≥ 145 mmol/L, and pneumonia. Further multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that NIHSS 24 h after admission was the strongest predictor of ASz, particularly relating to ASz occurring later than 24 h after stroke. Patients who experienced a seizure within the first 24 h after stroke were more likely to have a generalized tonic-clonic (GTCS) and focal motor seizure; beyond 24 h, seizures with impaired awareness and non-convulsive status epilepticus were more frequent. Conclusion NIHSS score 24 h after admission is a strong predictive factor for the occurrence of ASz in patients with ischemic stroke caused by LVO. The semiology of ASz varied over time, with GTCS occurring more frequently in the first 24 h after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Tako
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,LOEWE Center for Personalized and Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Adam Strzelczyk
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,LOEWE Center for Personalized and Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,LOEWE Center for Personalized and Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Helmuth Steinmetz
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rejane Golbach
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Hendrik Schäfer
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johann Philipp Zöllner
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,LOEWE Center for Personalized and Translational Epilepsy Research, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Konstantin Kohlhase
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Preclinical Characterization of Antioxidant Quinolyl Nitrone QN23 as a New Candidate for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061186. [PMID: 35740081 PMCID: PMC9220178 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrones are encouraging drug candidates for the treatment of oxidative stress-driven diseases such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In a previous study, we found a promising quinolylnitrone, QN23, which exerted a neuroprotective effect in neuronal cell cultures subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation and in experimental models of cerebral ischemia. In this paper, we update the biological and pharmacological characterization of QN23. We describe the suitability of intravenous administration of QN23 to induce neuroprotection in transitory four-vessel occlusion (4VO) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) experimental models of brain ischemia by assessing neuronal death, apoptosis induction, and infarct area, as well as neurofunctional outcomes. QN23 significantly decreased the neuronal death and apoptosis induced by the ischemic episode in a dose-dependent manner and showed a therapeutic effect when administered up to 3 h after post-ischemic reperfusion onset, effects that remained 11 weeks after the ischemic episode. In addition, QN23 significantly reduced infarct volume, thus recovering the motor function in a tMCAO model. Remarkably, we assessed the antioxidant activity of QN23 in vivo using dihydroethidium as a molecular probe for radical species. Finally, we describe QN23 pharmacokinetic parameters. All these results pointing to QN23 as an interesting and promising preclinical candidate for the treatment of AIS.
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