1
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Zhao YX, Xiang X, Liu XP. The biochemical characterization of a TatD nuclease from Thermus thermophilus. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 223:106557. [PMID: 39009198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Nucleases play pivotal roles in DNA repair and apoptosis. Moreover, they have various applications in biotechnology and industry. Among nucleases, TatD has been characterized as an exonuclease with various biological functions in different organisms. Here, we biochemically characterized the potential TatD nuclease from Thermus thermophilus. The tatD gene from T. thermophilus was cloned, then the recombinant TatD nuclease was expressed and purified. Our results revealed that the TthTatD nuclease could degrade both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, and its activity is dependent on the divalent metal ions Mg2+ and Mn2+. Remarkably, the activity of TthTatD nuclease is highest at 37 °C and decreases with increasing temperature. TthTatD is not a thermostable enzyme, even though it is from a thermophilic bacterium. Based on the sequence similarity and molecular docking of the DNA substrate into the modeled TthTatD structure, several key conserved residues were identified and their roles were confirmed by analyzing the enzymatic activities of the site-directed mutants. The residues E86 and H149 play key roles in binding metal ions, residues R124/K126 and K211/R212 had a critical role in binding DNA substrate. Our results confirm the enzymatic properties of TthTatD and provide a primary basis for its possible application in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Zhao
- SJTU Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Yongyou Industrial Park, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Xiao Xiang
- SJTU Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Yongyou Industrial Park, Sanya, 572024, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xi-Peng Liu
- SJTU Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Yongyou Industrial Park, Sanya, 572024, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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2
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Wu X, Wei H, Tian J, Lu J. An aptasensor for chloramphenicol determination based on dual signal output of photoelectrochemistry and colorimetry. Talanta 2024; 277:126430. [PMID: 38878510 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, we developed an aptasensor to determine chloramphenicol (CAP) based on the dual signal output of photoelectrochemistry (PEC) and colorimetry. The Fe3+-doped porous tungsten trioxide was prepared by sol-gel method and coated on the ITO conductive glass to form ITO/p-W(Fe)O3. After assembling the captured DNA (cDNA) and the aptamer of CAP (apt) successively, the constructed ITO/p-W(Fe)O3-cDNA/apt aptasensor exhibited excellent photocurrent response under visible light irradiation in the presence of glucose, which provided the feasibility for PEC measurement with high sensitivity. In the presence of CAP, the apt left the ITO/p-W(Fe)O3 surface and AuNPs linked on the probe DNA would be assembled on it, which led to the decrease of photocurrent. Thanks to the oxidase-mimic catalytic performance of AuNPs and the recycling catalytic hydrolysis by exonuclease I, the measurement signal of the aptasensor could be amplified significantly, and the photocurrent decrease of the aptasensor was linearly related to the concentration of CAP in the range of 1.0 pM-10.0 nM and low detection limit was 0.36 pM. Meanwhile, the H2O2 produced from catalytic oxidation of glucose could oxidize TMB to blue oxTMB under HRP catalysis, which absorbance at 652 nm was linearly related to the concentration of CAP in the range of 5.0 pM-10.0 nM and low detection limit was 1.72 pM. Therefore, an aptasensor that determine CAP in real samples was successfully constructed with good precision of the relative standard deviation less than 5.7 % for PEC method and 7.3 % for colorimetric method, which can meet the analysis needs in different scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Haiyue Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Jiuying Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China.
| | - Jusheng Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China.
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3
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Galli M, Frigerio C, Colombo CV, Casari E, Longhese MP, Clerici M. Exo1 cooperates with Tel1/ATM in promoting recombination events at DNA replication forks. iScience 2024; 27:110410. [PMID: 39081288 PMCID: PMC11284563 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tel1/ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase plays multiple functions in response to DNA damage, promoting checkpoint-mediated cell-cycle arrest and repair of broken DNA. In addition, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tel1 stabilizes replication forks that arrest upon the treatment with the topoisomerase poison camptothecin (CPT). We discover that inactivation of the Exo1 nuclease exacerbates the sensitivity of Tel1-deficient cells to CPT and other agents that hamper DNA replication. Furthermore, cells lacking both Exo1 and Tel1 activities exhibit sustained checkpoint activation in the presence of CPT, indicating that Tel1 and Exo1 limit the activation of a Mec1-dependent checkpoint. The absence of Tel1 or its kinase activity enhances recombination between inverted DNA repeats induced by replication fork blockage in an Exo1-dependent manner. Thus, we propose that Exo1 processes intermediates arising at stalled forks in tel1 mutants to promote DNA replication recovery and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Galli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Frigerio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Vittoria Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Casari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Longhese
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Clerici
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Ducos C, Aba N, Rosselli F, Fresneau B, Al Ahmad Nachar B, Zidane M, de Vathaire F, Benhamou S, Haddy N. Genetic Risk of Second Malignant Neoplasm after Childhood Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:999-1011. [PMID: 38801411 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-24-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Second malignant neoplasm (SMN) is one of the most severe long-term risks for childhood cancer survivors (CCS), significantly impacting long-term patient survival. While radiotherapy and chemotherapy are known risk factors, the observed inter-individual variability suggests a genetic component contributing to the risk of SMN. This article aims to conduct a systematic review of genetic factors implicated in the SMN risk among CCS. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences. Eighteen studies were included (eleven candidate gene studies, three genome-wide association studies, and four whole exome/genome sequencing studies). The included studies were based on different types of first cancers, investigated any or specific types of SMN, and focused mainly on genes involved in drug metabolism and DNA repair pathways. These differences in study design and methods used to characterize genetic variants limit the scope of the results and highlight the need for further extensive and standardized investigations. However, this review provides a valuable compilation of SMN risk-associated variants and genes, facilitating efficient replication and advancing our understanding of the genetic basis for this major risk for CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Ducos
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Naïla Aba
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- CNRS UMR9019, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer Villejuif, France
| | - Brice Fresneau
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Baraah Al Ahmad Nachar
- CNRS UMR9019, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer Villejuif, France
| | - Monia Zidane
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Simone Benhamou
- Oncostat Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadia Haddy
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Chatterjee T, Tiwari A, Gupta R, Shukla H, Varshney A, Mishra S, Habib S. A Plasmodium apicoplast-targeted unique exonuclease/FEN exhibits interspecies functional differences attributable to an insertion that alters DNA-binding. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:7843-7862. [PMID: 38888125 PMCID: PMC11260460 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum genome is among the most A + T rich, with low complexity regions (LCRs) inserted in coding sequences including those for proteins targeted to its essential relict plastid (apicoplast). Replication of the apicoplast genome (plDNA), mediated by the atypical multifunctional DNA polymerase PfPrex, would require additional enzymatic functions for lagging strand processing. We identified an apicoplast-targeted, [4Fe-4S]-containing, FEN/Exo (PfExo) with a long LCR insertion and detected its interaction with PfPrex. Distinct from other known exonucleases across organisms, PfExo recognized a wide substrate range; it hydrolyzed 5'-flaps, processed dsDNA as a 5'-3' exonuclease, and was a bipolar nuclease on ssDNA and RNA-DNA hybrids. Comparison with the rodent P. berghei ortholog PbExo, which lacked the insertion and [4Fe-4S], revealed interspecies functional differences. The insertion-deleted PfExoΔins behaved like PbExo with a limited substrate repertoire because of compromised DNA binding. Introduction of the PfExo insertion into PbExo led to gain of activities that the latter initially lacked. Knockout of PbExo indicated essentiality of the enzyme for survival. Our results demonstrate the presence of a novel apicoplast exonuclease with a functional LCR that diversifies substrate recognition, and identify it as the candidate flap-endonuclease and RNaseH required for plDNA replication and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tribeni Chatterjee
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ritika Gupta
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Himadri Shukla
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Aastha Varshney
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Satish Mishra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Saman Habib
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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6
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Marpaung DSS, Sinaga AOY, Damayanti D, Taharuddin T. Bridging biological samples to functional nucleic acid biosensor applications: current enzymatic-based strategies for single-stranded DNA generation. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:1225-1237. [PMID: 38607600 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The escalating threat of emerging diseases, often stemming from contaminants and lethal pathogens, has precipitated a heightened demand for sophisticated diagnostic tools. Within this landscape, the functional nucleic acid (FNA) biosensor, harnessing the power of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), has emerged as a preeminent choice for target analyte detection. However, the dependence on ssDNA has raised difficulties in realizing it in biological samples. Therefore, the production of high-quality ssDNA from biological samples is critical. This review aims to discuss strategies for generating ssDNA from biological samples for integration into biosensors. Several innovative strategies for ssDNA generation have been deployed, encompassing techniques, such as asymmetric PCR, Exonuclease-PCR, isothermal amplification, biotin-streptavidin PCR, transcription-reverse transcription, ssDNA overhang generation, and urea denaturation PAGE. These approaches have been seamlessly integrated with biosensors for biological sample analysis, ushering in a new era of disease detection and monitoring. This amalgamation of ssDNA generation techniques with biosensing applications holds significant promise, not only in improving the speed and accuracy of diagnostic processes but also in fortifying the global response to deadly diseases, thereby underlining the pivotal role of cutting-edge biotechnology in public health and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Septian Sumanto Marpaung
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, Lampung, 35365, Indonesia.
| | - Ayu Oshin Yap Sinaga
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, Lampung, 35365, Indonesia
| | - Damayanti Damayanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Kec. Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, Lampung, 35365, Indonesia
| | - Taharuddin Taharuddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lampung, Jl. Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumantri Brojonegoro No.1, Gedong Meneng, Kec. Rajabasa, Kota Bandar Lampung, Lampung, 35141, Indonesia
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Piscitelli JM, Witte SJ, Sakinejad YS, Manhart CM. The Mlh1-Pms1 endonuclease uses ATP to preserve DNA discontinuities as strand discrimination signals to facilitate mismatch repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.13.598860. [PMID: 38915520 PMCID: PMC11195183 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.598860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotic post-replicative mismatch repair, MutS homologs (MSH) detect mismatches and recruit MLH complexes to nick the newly replicated DNA strand upon activation by the replication processivity clamp, PCNA. This incision enables mismatch removal and DNA repair. Biasing MLH endonuclease activity to the newly replicated DNA strand is crucial for repair. In reconstituted in vitro assays, PCNA is loaded at pre-existing discontinuities and orients the major MLH endonuclease Mlh1-Pms1/MLH1-PMS2 (yeast/human) to nick the discontinuous strand. In vivo, newly replicated DNA transiently contains discontinuities which are critical for efficient mismatch repair. How these discontinuities are preserved as strand discrimination signals during the window of time where mismatch repair occurs is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that yeast Mlh1-Pms1 uses ATP binding to recognize DNA discontinuities. This complex does not efficiently interact with PCNA, which partially suppresses ATPase activity, and prevents dissociation from the discontinuity. These data suggest that in addition to initiating mismatch repair by nicking newly replicated DNA, Mlh1-Pms1 protects strand discrimination signals, aiding in maintaining its own strand discrimination signposts. Our findings also highlight the significance of Mlh1-Pms1's ATPase activity for inducing DNA dissociation, as mutant proteins deficient in this function become immobilized on DNA post-incision, explaining in vivo phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott J. Witte
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19122, USA
| | - Yasmine S. Sakinejad
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19122, USA
| | - Carol M. Manhart
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19122, USA
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Mouro Pinto R, Murtha R, Azevedo A, Douglas C, Kovalenko M, Ulloa J, Crescenti S, Burch Z, Oliver E, Vitalo A, Mota-Silva E, Riggs MJ, Correia K, Elezi E, Demelo B, Carroll JB, Gillis T, Gusella JF, MacDonald ME, Wheeler VC. Identification of genetic modifiers of Huntington's disease somatic CAG repeat instability by in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.08.597823. [PMID: 38895438 PMCID: PMC11185783 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.08.597823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD), one of >50 inherited repeat expansion disorders (Depienne and Mandel, 2021), is a dominantly-inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG expansion in HTT (The Huntington's Disease Collaborative Research Group, 1993). Inherited CAG repeat length is the primary determinant of age of onset, with human genetic studies underscoring that the property driving disease is the CAG length-dependent propensity of the repeat to further expand in brain (Swami et al ., 2009; GeM-HD, 2015; Hensman Moss et al ., 2017; Ciosi et al ., 2019; GeM-HD, 2019; Hong et al ., 2021). Routes to slowing somatic CAG expansion therefore hold great promise for disease-modifying therapies. Several DNA repair genes, notably in the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway, modify somatic expansion in HD mouse models (Wheeler and Dion, 2021). To identify novel modifiers of somatic expansion, we have used CRISPR-Cas9 editing in HD knock-in mice to enable in vivo screening of expansion-modifier candidates at scale. This has included testing of HD onset modifier genes emerging from human genome-wide association studies (GWAS), as well as interactions between modifier genes, thereby providing new insight into pathways underlying CAG expansion and potential therapeutic targets.
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9
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Fang Y, Fu M, Li X, Zhang B, Wan C. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli effector EspF triggers oxidative DNA lesions in intestinal epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0000124. [PMID: 38415639 PMCID: PMC11003234 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00001-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Attaching/effacing (A/E) pathogens induce DNA damage and colorectal cancer by injecting effector proteins into host cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). EspF is one of the T3SS-dependent effector proteins exclusive to A/E pathogens, which include enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. The role of EspF in the induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and the phosphorylation of the repair protein SMC1 has been demonstrated previously. However, the process of damage accumulation and DSB formation has remained enigmatic, and the damage response is not well understood. Here, we first showed a compensatory increase in the mismatch repair proteins MutS homolog 2 (MSH2) and MSH6, as well as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, followed by a dramatic decrease, threatening cell survival in the presence of EspF. Flow cytometry revealed that EspF arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase to facilitate DNA repair. Subsequently, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) lesions, a marker of oxidative damage, were assayed by ELISA and immunofluorescence, which revealed the accumulation of 8-oxoG from the cytosol to the nucleus. Furthermore, the status of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and DSBs was confirmed. We observed that EspF accelerated the course of DNA lesions, including 8-oxoG and unrepaired ssDNA, which were converted into DSBs; this was accompanied by the phosphorylation of replication protein A 32 in repair-defective cells. Collectively, these findings reveal that EspF triggers various types of oxidative DNA lesions with impairment of the DNA damage response and may result in genomic instability and cell death, offering novel insight into the tumorigenic potential of EspF.IMPORTANCEOxidative DNA lesions play causative roles in colitis-associated colon cancer. Accumulating evidence shows strong links between attaching/effacing (A/E) pathogens and colorectal cancer (CRC). EspF is one of many effector proteins exclusive to A/E pathogens with defined roles in the induction of oxidative stress, double-strand breaks (DSBs), and repair dysregulation. Here, we found that EspF promotes reactive oxygen species generation and 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) lesions when the repair system is activated, contributing to sustained cell survival. However, infected cells exposed to EspF presented 8-oxoG, which results in DSBs and ssDNA accumulation when the cell cycle is arrested at the G2/M phase and the repair system is defective or saturated by DNA lesions. In addition, we found that EspF could intensify the accumulation of nuclear DNA lesions through oxidative and replication stress. Overall, our work highlights the involvement of EspF in DNA lesions and DNA damage response, providing a novel avenue by which A/E pathogens may contribute to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fang
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Muqing Fu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengsong Wan
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Wu X, Zhu J, Wen R, Tian J, Lu J. A photoelectrochemical aptasensor for omethoate determination based on a photocatalysis of CeO 2@MnO 2 heterojunction for glucose oxidation. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1293:342284. [PMID: 38331552 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, we developed a photoelectrochemical aptasensor to determine omethoate (OMT) based on the dual signal amplification of CeO2@MnO2 photocatalysis for glucose oxidation and exonuclease I-assisted cyclic catalytic hydrolysis. CeO2@MnO2 heterojunction material prepared by hydrothermal method was linked with captured DNA (cDNA) and then assembled on the ITO conductive glass to form ITO/CeO2@MnO2-cDNA, which exhibited significant photocurrent response and good photocatalytic performance for glucose oxidation under visible light irradiation, providing the feasibility for sensitive determining OMT. After binding with the aptamer of OMT (apt), the formation of rigid double stranded cDNA/apt kept CeO2@MnO2 away from ITO surface, which ensured a low photocurrent background for the constructed ITO/CeO2@MnO2-cDNA/apt aptasensor. In the presence of target OMT, the restoration of the cDNA hairpin structure and the exonuclease I-assisted cyclic catalytic hydrolysis led to the generation and amplification of measurement photocurrent signals, and allowed the aptasensor to have an ideal quantitative range of 0.01-10.0 nM and low detection limit of 0.0027 nM. Moreover, the aptasensor has been applied for selective determination of OMT in real samples with good precision of the relative standard deviation less than 6.2 % and good accuracy of the recoveries from 93 % to 108 %. What's more, the aptasensor can be used for other target determination only by replacing the captured DNA and corresponding aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Ruiting Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Jiuying Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China.
| | - Jusheng Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China.
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11
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Wen R, Wu X, Tian J, Lu J. A colorimetric aptasensor for CA125 determination based on dual catalytic performance of CeO 2 nanozyme confined in macroporous silica foam. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:470. [PMID: 37971689 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A portable colorimetric aptasensor was constructed based on the dual catalytic performance of CeO2 nanozyme to determine carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125). Firstly, CeO2 nanozyme was synthesized by calcination and ultrasonically dispersed in a macroporous silica foam (MSF) to form CeO2@MSF. Then the aptamer of CA125 (apt) and complementary DNA (c-DNA) were successively assembled on the CeO2@MSF to construct a CeO2@MSF/apt/c-DNA colorimetric aptasensor, which exhibited excellent oxidase-mimic performance and phosphatase-mimic activity simultaneously. In the presence of CA125, the apt specifically binds to target CA125, and the single-strand c-DNA leaves the CeO2@MSF/apt surface, which is catalytically hydrolyzed by exonuclease I. The produced phosphate ions inhibit the phosphatase-mimic activity of CeO2 nanozyme. Thus, the absorbance at 652 nm of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine solution containing ascorbic acid-2-phosphate increases with the concentration of CA125. The response is linearly related to the logarithm of CA125 concentration from 1.0 to 10.0 U/mL under optimal experimental conditions. Based on this, the constructed colorimetric aptasensor has a high sensitivity, good selectivity, and high accuracy for CA125 determination in real human serum sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Wen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Xingyang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Jiuying Tian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Jusheng Lu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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12
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Liu Q, Li G, Baladandayuthapani V. Pan-Cancer Drug Response Prediction Using Integrative Principal Component Regression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560366. [PMID: 37873111 PMCID: PMC10592913 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of precision oncology heavily relies on large-scale genomic and pharmacological data garnered from preclinical cancer model systems such as cell lines. While cell lines are instrumental in understanding the interplay between genomic programs and drug response, it well-established that they are not fully representative of patient tumors. Development of integrative methods that can systematically assess the commonalities between patient tumors and cell-lines can help bridge this gap. To this end, we introduce the Integrative Principal Component Regression (iPCR) model which uncovers both joint and model-specific structured variations in the genomic data of cell lines and patient tumors through matrix decompositions. The extracted joint variation is then used to predict patient drug responses based on the pharmacological data from preclinical models. Moreover, the interpretability of our model allows for the identification of key driver genes and pathways associated with the treatment-specific response in patients across multiple cancers. We demonstrate that the outputs of the iPCR model can assist in inferring both model-specific and shared co-expression networks between cell lines and patients. We show that iPCR performs favorably compared to competing approaches in predicting patient drug responses, in both simulation studies and real-world applications, in addition to identifying key genomic drivers of cancer drug responses.
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13
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Zhao L, Zang Q, Liang G, Yao X. LncRNA CECR7 boosts hepatocellular carcinoma progression by recruiting RNA binding protein U2AF2 to enhance the stability of EXO1 mRNA. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19862. [PMID: 37809785 PMCID: PMC10559240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective As an important factor tumor regulator,long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have aroused extensive attention via the diverse functional mechanisms that were associated with the pathological and physiological processes of HCC. Here, the main purpose of this study was to provide a clear understanding about the expression, functions and potential mechanism of lncRNA CECR7 (Cat Eye Syndrome Chromosome Region, Candidate 7) in HCC. Methods RT-qPCR analysis and TCGA database analysis were applied to investigate the expression of CECR7 in HCC cell lines and tissues. Chi-squared Test was employed to explore the correlation between CECR7 expression and HCC clinicopathological features. Besides, Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to test the effects of CECR7 expression on the prognosis of HCC patients. Transwell assays, MTT assay EdU assay and animal experiments were applied to explore the effects of CECR7 expression on HCC cells migration, invasion, and growth. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis, luciferase reporter assay and mRNA decay rates assessment were utilized to investigate the mechanism whereby CECR7 regulated EXO1 mRNA. And, rescue experiments were used to determine whether EXO1 was an essential mediator for CECR7 to accelerate HCC cells migration, invasion, and growth. Results CECR7 was determined to be significantly overexpressed in HCC cell lines and tissues. CECR7 expression was closely correlated with the tumor size, venous infiltration, TNM stage, 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival of HCC. And, CECR7 played a catalytic role in HCC cells migration, invasion, and growth. Furthermore, CECR7 enhanced the stability of EXO1 mRNA by recruiting RNA binding protein U2AF2. And, EXO1 was determined to be an essential mediator for CECR7 to accelerate HCC cells migration, invasion, and growth. Conclusion In a word, our findings demonstrates that the cancer-promoting gene lncRNA CECR7 motivates HCC metastasis and growth through enhanced mRNA stability of EXO1 mediated by U2AF2, proposing a new insight for targeted therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Gem Flower Hospital, Lanzhou 730060, Gansu, China
| | - Qing Zang
- Department of Emergency, Gansu Gem Flower Hospital, Lanzhou 730060, Gansu, China
| | - Guodong Liang
- Department of Emergency, Gansu Gem Flower Hospital, Lanzhou 730060, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaobin Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Gem Flower Hospital, Lanzhou 730060, Gansu, China
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14
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Premkumar T, Paniker L, Kang R, Biot M, Humphrey E, Destain H, Ferranti I, Okulate I, Nguyen H, Kilaru V, Frasca M, Chakraborty P, Cole F. Genetic dissection of crossover mutants defines discrete intermediates in mouse meiosis. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2941-2958.e7. [PMID: 37595556 PMCID: PMC10469168 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Crossovers (COs), the exchange of homolog arms, are required for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis. Studies in yeast have described the single-end invasion (SEI) intermediate: a stabilized 3' end annealed with the homolog as the first detectible CO precursor. SEIs are thought to differentiate into double Holliday junctions (dHJs) that are resolved by MutLgamma (MLH1/MLH3) into COs. Currently, we lack knowledge of early steps of mammalian CO recombination or how intermediates are differentiated in any organism. Using comprehensive analysis of recombination in thirteen different genetic conditions with varying levels of compromised CO resolution, we infer CO precursors include asymmetric SEI-like intermediates and dHJs in mouse. In contrast to yeast, MLH3 is structurally required to differentiate CO precursors into dHJs. We verify conservation of aspects of meiotic recombination and show unique features in mouse, providing mechanistic insight into CO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolkappiyan Premkumar
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lakshmi Paniker
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rhea Kang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mathilde Biot
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ericka Humphrey
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Honorine Destain
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabella Ferranti
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iyinyeoluwa Okulate
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holly Nguyen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vindhya Kilaru
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Frasca
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Parijat Chakraborty
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francesca Cole
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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Zhou C, Wen R, Tian J, Lu J. Isocarbophos determination using a nanozyme-catalytic photoelectrochemical fuel cell-based aptasensor. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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16
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Xu W, Liu L, Cui Z, Li M, Ni J, Huang N, Zhang Y, Luo J, Sun L, Sun F. Identification of key enzalutamide-resistance-related genes in castration-resistant prostate cancer and verification of RAD51 functions. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230715. [PMID: 37251536 PMCID: PMC10224628 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) often develop drug resistance after treatment with enzalutamide. The goal of our study was to identify the key genes related to enzalutamide resistance in CRPC and to provide new gene targets for future research on improving the efficacy of enzalutamide. Differential expression genes (DEGs) associated with enzalutamide were obtained from the GSE151083 and GSE150807 datasets. We used R software, the DAVID database, protein-protein interaction networks, the Cytoscape program, and Gene Set Cancer Analysis for data analysis. The effect of RAD51 knockdown on prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines was demonstrated using Cell Counting Kit-8, clone formation, and transwell migration experiments. Six hub genes with prognostic values were screened (RAD51, BLM, DTL, RFC2, APOE, and EXO1), which were significantly associated with immune cell infiltration in PCa. High RAD51, BLM, EXO1, and RFC2 expression was associated with androgen receptor signaling pathway activation. Except for APOE, high expression of hub genes showed a significant negative correlation with the IC50 of Navitoclax and NPK76-II-72-1. RAD51 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration of PC3 and DU145 cell lines and promoted apoptosis. Additionally, 22Rv1 cell proliferation was more significantly inhibited with RAD51 knockdown than without RAD51 knockdown under enzalutamide treatment. Overall, six key genes associated with enzalutamide resistance were screened (RAD51, BLM, DTL, RFC2, APOE, and EXO1), which are potential therapeutic targets for enzalutamide-resistant PCa in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhongqi Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jinliang Ni
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Limei Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, No. 301, Yanchang Middle Road, Jingan District, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301, Yanchang Middle Road, Jingan District, 200072, Shanghai, China
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17
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Li A, Liu J, Qiu J, Wang G, Zheng X, Ji Y, Yan G, Zhao P, Wu X, Yan W, Zhang L, Li M, Fu Y. Cell cycle of microalga Isochrysis galbana arrested by neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine and corresponding molecular mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162445. [PMID: 36848993 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The phycotoxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) has attracted attention due to its risks to marine organisms and human health. In this study, approximately 85 % of synchronized cells of the marine microalga Isochrysis galbana were arrested at the cell cycle G1 phase by BMAA at 6.5 μM for a 24-h exposure. The concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) gradually decreased, while the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), the maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax), light utilization efficiency (α) and half-saturated light irradiance (Ik) reduced early and recovered gradually in I. galbana exposed to BMAA in 96-h batch cultures. Transcriptional expression of I. galbana analyzed at 10, 12, and 16 h disclosed multiple mechanisms of BMAA to suppress the microalgal growth. Production of ammonia and glutamate was limited by the down-regulation of nitrate transporters, glutamate synthase, glutamine synthetase, cyanate hydrolase, and formamidase. Diverse extrinsic proteins related to PSII, PSI, cytochrome b6f complex, and ATPase were influenced by BMAA at transcriptional level. Suppression of the DNA replication and mismatch repair pathways increased the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which was reflected by the up-regulated expression of proteasome to accelerate proteolysis. This study improves our understanding of the chemical ecology impacts of BMAA in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifeng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Jianwei Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiangbing Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guixiang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xianyao Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ying Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guowang Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xizhen Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenhui Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yilei Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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18
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Abildgaard AB, Nielsen SV, Bernstein I, Stein A, Lindorff-Larsen K, Hartmann-Petersen R. Lynch syndrome, molecular mechanisms and variant classification. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:726-734. [PMID: 36434153 PMCID: PMC9978028 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with the heritable cancer disease, Lynch syndrome, carry germline variants in the MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 genes, encoding the central components of the DNA mismatch repair system. Loss-of-function variants disrupt the DNA mismatch repair system and give rise to a detrimental increase in the cellular mutational burden and cancer development. The treatment prospects for Lynch syndrome rely heavily on early diagnosis; however, accurate diagnosis is inextricably linked to correct clinical interpretation of individual variants. Protein variant classification traditionally relies on cumulative information from occurrence in patients, as well as experimental testing of the individual variants. The complexity of variant classification is due to (1) that variants of unknown significance are rare in the population and phenotypic information on the specific variants is missing, and (2) that individual variant testing is challenging, costly and slow. Here, we summarise recent developments in high-throughput technologies and computational prediction tools for the assessment of variants of unknown significance in Lynch syndrome. These approaches may vastly increase the number of interpretable variants and could also provide important mechanistic insights into the disease. These insights may in turn pave the road towards developing personalised treatment approaches for Lynch syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Abildgaard
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie V Nielsen
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Inge Bernstein
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Amelie Stein
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Hartmann-Petersen
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Bruekner SR, Pieters W, Fish A, Liaci AM, Scheffers S, Rayner E, Kaldenbach D, Drost L, Dekker M, van Hees-Stuivenberg S, Delzenne-Goette E, de Konink C, Houlleberghs H, Dubbink H, AlSaegh A, de Wind N, Förster F, te Riele H, Sixma T. Unexpected moves: a conformational change in MutSα enables high-affinity DNA mismatch binding. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1173-1188. [PMID: 36715327 PMCID: PMC9943660 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair protein MutSα recognizes wrongly incorporated DNA bases and initiates their correction during DNA replication. Dysfunctions in mismatch repair lead to a predisposition to cancer. Here, we study the homozygous mutation V63E in MSH2 that was found in the germline of a patient with suspected constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome who developed colorectal cancer before the age of 30. Characterization of the mutant in mouse models, as well as slippage and repair assays, shows a mildly pathogenic phenotype. Using cryogenic electron microscopy and surface plasmon resonance, we explored the mechanistic effect of this mutation on MutSα function. We discovered that V63E disrupts a previously unappreciated interface between the mismatch binding domains (MBDs) of MSH2 and MSH6 and leads to reduced DNA binding. Our research identifies this interface as a 'safety lock' that ensures high-affinity DNA binding to increase replication fidelity. Our mechanistic model explains the hypomorphic phenotype of the V63E patient mutation and other variants in the MBD interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Fish
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute and Oncode Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Manuel Liaci
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Serge Scheffers
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute and Oncode Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emily Rayner
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Kaldenbach
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Drost
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Dekker
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elly Delzenne-Goette
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte de Konink
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hellen Houlleberghs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus Jan Dubbink
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abeer AlSaegh
- Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, PO Box 787, 117 Muscat, Oman
| | - Niels de Wind
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Friedrich Förster
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein te Riele
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Hein te Riele. Tel: +31 20 512 2084;
| | - Titia K Sixma
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: +31 20 512 1959;
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20
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Szurman-Zubrzycka M, Jędrzejek P, Szarejko I. How Do Plants Cope with DNA Damage? A Concise Review on the DDR Pathway in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032404. [PMID: 36768727 PMCID: PMC9916837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is induced by many factors, some of which naturally occur in the environment. Because of their sessile nature, plants are especially exposed to unfavorable conditions causing DNA damage. In response to this damage, the DDR (DNA damage response) pathway is activated. This pathway is highly conserved between eukaryotes; however, there are some plant-specific DDR elements, such as SOG1-a transcription factor that is a central DDR regulator in plants. In general, DDR signaling activates transcriptional and epigenetic regulators that orchestrate the cell cycle arrest and DNA repair mechanisms upon DNA damage. The cell cycle halts to give the cell time to repair damaged DNA before replication. If the repair is successful, the cell cycle is reactivated. However, if the DNA repair mechanisms fail and DNA lesions accumulate, the cell enters the apoptotic pathway. Thereby the proper maintenance of DDR is crucial for plants to survive. It is particularly important for agronomically important species because exposure to environmental stresses causing DNA damage leads to growth inhibition and yield reduction. Thereby, gaining knowledge regarding the DDR pathway in crops may have a huge agronomic impact-it may be useful in breeding new cultivars more tolerant to such stresses. In this review, we characterize different genotoxic agents and their mode of action, describe DDR activation and signaling and summarize DNA repair mechanisms in plants.
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21
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Wen R, Zhou C, Tian J, Lu J. Confined catalysis of MOF-818 nanozyme and colorimetric aptasensing for cardiac troponin I. Talanta 2023; 252:123830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Hao S, Tong J, Jha A, Risnik D, Lizardo D, Lu X, Goel A, Opresko PL, Yu J, Zhang L. Synthetical lethality of Werner helicase and mismatch repair deficiency is mediated by p53 and PUMA in colon cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211775119. [PMID: 36508676 PMCID: PMC9907101 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211775119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethality is a powerful approach for targeting oncogenic drivers in cancer. Recent studies revealed that cancer cells with microsatellite instability (MSI) require Werner (WRN) helicase for survival; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that WRN depletion strongly induced p53 and its downstream apoptotic target PUMA in MSI colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. p53 or PUMA deletion abolished apoptosis induced by WRN depletion in MSI CRC cells. Importantly, correction of MSI abrogated the activation of p53/PUMA and cell killing, while induction of MSI led to sensitivity in isogenic CRC cells. Rare p53-mutant MSI CRC cells are resistant to WRN depletion due to lack of PUMA induction, which could be restored by wildtype (WT) p53 knock in or reconstitution. WRN depletion or treatment with the RecQ helicase inhibitor ML216 suppressed in vitro and in vivo growth of MSI CRCs in a p53/PUMA-dependent manner. ML216 treatment was efficacious in MSI CRC patient-derived xenografts. Interestingly, p53 gene remains WT in the majority of MSI CRCs. These results indicate a critical role of p53/PUMA-mediated apoptosis in the vulnerability of MSI CRCs to WRN loss, and support WRN as a promising therapeutic target in p53-WT MSI CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suisui Hao
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Jingshan Tong
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Anupma Jha
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Denise Risnik
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Darleny Lizardo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Xinyan Lu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA91010
| | - Patricia L. Opresko
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15213
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Jian Yu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA15213
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Lin Zhang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15213
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23
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Madden-Hennessey K, Gupta D, Radecki AA, Guild C, Rath A, Heinen CD. Loss of mismatch repair promotes a direct selective advantage in human stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2661-2673. [PMID: 36368329 PMCID: PMC9768573 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common hereditary form of colon cancer, resulting from a germline mutation in a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene. Loss of MMR in cells establishes a mutator phenotype, which may underlie its link to cancer. Acquired downstream mutations that provide the cell a selective advantage would contribute to tumorigenesis. It is unclear, however, whether loss of MMR has other consequences that would directly result in a selective advantage. We found that knockout of the MMR gene MSH2 results in an immediate survival advantage in human stem cells grown under standard cell culture conditions. This advantage results, in part, from an MMR-dependent response to oxidative stress. We also found that loss of MMR gives rise to enhanced formation and growth of human colonic organoids. These results suggest that loss of MMR may affect cells in ways beyond just increasing mutation frequency that could influence tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipika Gupta
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
| | | | - Caroline Guild
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
| | - Abhijit Rath
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
| | - Christopher D. Heinen
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA,Corresponding author
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24
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Daniels HG, Knicely BG, Miller AK, Thompson A, Plattner R, Goellner EM. Inhibition of ABL1 by tyrosine kinase inhibitors leads to a downregulation of MLH1 by Hsp70-mediated lysosomal protein degradation. Front Genet 2022; 13:940073. [PMID: 36338985 PMCID: PMC9631443 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.940073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway and its regulation are critical for genomic stability. Mismatch repair (MMR) follows replication and repairs misincorporated bases and small insertions or deletions that are not recognized and removed by the proofreading polymerase. Cells deficient in MMR exhibit an increased overall mutation rate and increased expansion and contraction of short repeat sequences in the genome termed microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI is often a clinical measure of genome stability in tumors and is used to determine the course of treatment. MMR is also critical for inducing apoptosis after alkylation damage from environmental agents or DNA-damaging chemotherapy. MLH1 is essential for MMR, and loss or mutation of MLH1 leads to defective MMR, increased mutation frequency, and MSI. In this study, we report that tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib and nilotinib, lead to decreased MLH1 protein expression but not decreased MLH1 mRNA levels. Of the seven cellular targets of Imatinib and nilotinib, we show that silencing of ABL1 also reduces MLH1 protein expression. Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or silencing of ABL1 results in decreased apoptosis after treatment with alkylating agents, suggesting the level of MLH1 reduction is sufficient to disrupt MMR function. We also report MLH1 is tyrosine phosphorylated by ABL1. We demonstrate that MLH1 downregulation by ABL1 knockdown or inhibition requires chaperone protein Hsp70 and that MLH1 degradation can be abolished with the lysosomal inhibitor bafilomycin. Taken together, we propose that ABL1 prevents MLH1 from being targeted for degradation by the chaperone Hsp70 and that in the absence of ABL1 activity at least a portion of MLH1 is degraded through the lysosome. This study represents an advance in understanding MMR pathway regulation and has important clinical implications as MMR status is used in the clinic to inform patient treatment, including the use of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G. Daniels
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Breanna G. Knicely
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Anna Kristin Miller
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ana Thompson
- Berea College, Berea, KY, United States,University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Rina Plattner
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, United States,University of Kentucky, College of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Eva M. Goellner
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Lexington, KY, United States,University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, United States,*Correspondence: Eva M. Goellner,
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25
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Wang S, Lee K, Gray S, Zhang Y, Tang C, Morrish RB, Tosti E, van Oers J, Amin MR, Cohen PE, MacCarthy T, Roa S, Scharff MD, Edelmann W, Chahwan R. Role of EXO1 nuclease activity in genome maintenance, the immune response and tumor suppression in Exo1D173A mice. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:8093-8106. [PMID: 35849338 PMCID: PMC9371890 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response pathways rely extensively on nuclease activity to process DNA intermediates. Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) is a pleiotropic evolutionary conserved DNA exonuclease involved in various DNA repair pathways, replication, antibody diversification, and meiosis. But, whether EXO1 facilitates these DNA metabolic processes through its enzymatic or scaffolding functions remains unclear. Here, we dissect the contribution of EXO1 enzymatic versus scaffolding activity by comparing Exo1DA/DA mice expressing a proven nuclease-dead mutant form of EXO1 to entirely EXO1-deficient Exo1−/− and EXO1 wild type Exo1+/+ mice. We show that Exo1DA/DA and Exo1–/– mice are compromised in canonical DNA repair processing, suggesting that the EXO1 enzymatic role is important for error-free DNA mismatch and double-strand break repair pathways. However, in non-canonical repair pathways, EXO1 appears to have a more nuanced function. Next-generation sequencing of heavy chain V region in B cells showed the mutation spectra of Exo1DA/DA mice to be intermediate between Exo1+/+ and Exo1–/– mice, suggesting that both catalytic and scaffolding roles of EXO1 are important for somatic hypermutation. Similarly, while overall class switch recombination in Exo1DA/DA and Exo1–/– mice was comparably defective, switch junction analysis suggests that EXO1 might fulfill an additional scaffolding function downstream of class switching. In contrast to Exo1−/− mice that are infertile, meiosis progressed normally in Exo1DA/DA and Exo1+/+ cohorts, indicating that a structural but not the nuclease function of EXO1 is critical for meiosis. However, both Exo1DA/DA and Exo1–/– mice displayed similar mortality and cancer predisposition profiles. Taken together, these data demonstrate that EXO1 has both scaffolding and enzymatic functions in distinct DNA repair processes and suggest a more composite and intricate role for EXO1 in DNA metabolic processes and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, NY 10461, USA.,Current position: Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Kyeryoung Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, NY 10461, USA
| | - Stephen Gray
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, NY 14853, USA.,Current position: School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Yongwei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, NY 10461, USA
| | - Catherine Tang
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Rikke B Morrish
- Current position: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Elena Tosti
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, NY 10461, USA
| | - Johanna van Oers
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mohammad Ruhul Amin
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Paula E Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, NY 14853, USA
| | - Thomas MacCarthy
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Roa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matthew D Scharff
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, NY 10461, USA
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, NY 10461, USA
| | - Richard Chahwan
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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26
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Manils J, Marruecos L, Soler C. Exonucleases: Degrading DNA to Deal with Genome Damage, Cell Death, Inflammation and Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142157. [PMID: 35883600 PMCID: PMC9316158 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although DNA degradation might seem an unwanted event, it is essential in many cellular processes that are key to maintaining genomic stability and cell and organism homeostasis. The capacity to cut out nucleotides one at a time from the end of a DNA chain is present in enzymes called exonucleases. Exonuclease activity might come from enzymes with multiple other functions or specialized enzymes only dedicated to this function. Exonucleases are involved in central pathways of cell biology such as DNA replication, repair, and death, as well as tuning the immune response. Of note, malfunctioning of these enzymes is associated with immune disorders and cancer. In this review, we will dissect the impact of DNA degradation on the DNA damage response and its links with inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Manils
- Serra Húnter Programme, Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Laura Marruecos
- Breast Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Concepció Soler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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27
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Vali-Pour M, Park S, Espinosa-Carrasco J, Ortiz-Martínez D, Lehner B, Supek F. The impact of rare germline variants on human somatic mutation processes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3724. [PMID: 35764656 PMCID: PMC9240060 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations are an inevitable component of ageing and the most important cause of cancer. The rates and types of somatic mutation vary across individuals, but relatively few inherited influences on mutation processes are known. We perform a gene-based rare variant association study with diverse mutational processes, using human cancer genomes from over 11,000 individuals of European ancestry. By combining burden and variance tests, we identify 207 associations involving 15 somatic mutational phenotypes and 42 genes that replicated in an independent data set at a false discovery rate of 1%. We associate rare inherited deleterious variants in genes such as MSH3, EXO1, SETD2, and MTOR with two phenotypically different forms of DNA mismatch repair deficiency, and variants in genes such as EXO1, PAXIP1, RIF1, and WRN with deficiency in homologous recombination repair. In addition, we identify associations with other mutational processes, such as APEX1 with APOBEC-signature mutagenesis. Many of the genes interact with each other and with known mutator genes within cellular sub-networks. Considered collectively, damaging variants in the identified genes are prevalent in the population. We suggest that rare germline variation in diverse genes commonly impacts mutational processes in somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischan Vali-Pour
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Solip Park
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Espinosa-Carrasco
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ortiz-Martínez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben Lehner
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fran Supek
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Miller AK, Mao G, Knicely BG, Daniels HG, Rahal C, Putnam CD, Kolodner RD, Goellner EM. Rad5 and Its Human Homologs, HLTF and SHPRH, Are Novel Interactors of Mismatch Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:843121. [PMID: 35784486 PMCID: PMC9243396 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.843121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) repairs replication errors, and MMR defects play a role in both inherited cancer predisposition syndromes and in sporadic cancers. MMR also recognizes mispairs caused by environmental and chemotherapeutic agents; however, in these cases mispair recognition leads to apoptosis and not repair. Although mutation avoidance by MMR is fairly well understood, MMR-associated proteins are still being identified. We performed a bioinformatic analysis that implicated Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad5 as a candidate for interacting with the MMR proteins Msh2 and Mlh1. Rad5 is a DNA helicase and E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in post-replicative repair and damage tolerance. We confirmed both interactions and found that the Mlh1 interaction is mediated by a conserved Mlh1-interacting motif (MIP box). Despite this, we did not find a clear role for Rad5 in the canonical MMR mutation avoidance pathway. The interaction of Rad5 with Msh2 and Mlh1 is conserved in humans, although each of the Rad5 human homologs, HLTF and SHPRH, shared only one of the interactions: HLTF interacts with MSH2, and SHPRH interacts with MLH1. Moreover, depletion of SHPRH, but not HLTF, results in a mild increase in resistance to alkylating agents although not as strong as loss of MMR, suggesting gene duplication led to specialization of the MMR-protein associated roles of the human Rad5 homologs. These results provide insights into how MMR accessory factors involved in the MMR-dependent apoptotic response interact with the core MMR machinery and have important health implications into how human cells respond to environmental toxins, tumor development, and treatment choices of tumors with defects in Rad5 homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Miller
- College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Guogen Mao
- College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Breanna G. Knicely
- College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hannah G. Daniels
- College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Christine Rahal
- Ludiwg Institute for Cancer Research San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Christopher D. Putnam
- Ludiwg Institute for Cancer Research San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Richard D. Kolodner
- Ludiwg Institute for Cancer Research San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Moores-UCSD Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, United States
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eva M. Goellner
- College of Medicine Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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29
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Lerner LK, Bonte D, Le Guillou M, Mohammad MM, Kasraian Z, Sarasin A, Despras E, Aoufouchi S. Expression of Constitutive Fusion of Ubiquitin to PCNA Restores the Level of Immunoglobulin A/T Mutations During Somatic Hypermutation in the Ramos Cell Line. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871766. [PMID: 35432321 PMCID: PMC9010874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes is a B cell specific process required for the generation of specific and high affinity antibodies during the maturation of the immune response against foreign antigens. This process depends on the activity of both activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and several DNA repair factors. AID-dependent SHM creates the full spectrum of mutations in Ig variable (V) regions equally distributed at G/C and A/T bases. In most mammalian cells, deamination of deoxycytidine into uracil during S phase induces targeted G/C mutagenesis using either direct replication of uracils or TLS mediated bypass, however only the machinery of activated B lymphocytes can generate A/T mutagenesis around AID-created uracils. The molecular mechanism behind the latter remains incompletely understood to date. However, the lack of a cellular model that reproduces both G/C and A/T mutation spectra constitutes the major hurdle to elucidating it. The few available B cell lines used thus far to study Ig SHM indeed undergo mainly G/C mutations, that make them inappropriate or of limited use. In this report, we show that in the Ramos cell line that undergoes constitutive G/C-biased SHM in culture, the low rate of A/T mutations is due to an imbalance in the ubiquitination/deubiquitination reaction of PCNA, with the deubiquitination reaction being predominant. The inhibition of the deubiquitinase complex USP1-UAF1 or the expression of constitutive fusion of ubiquitin to PCNA provides the missing clue required for DNA polymerase η recruitment and thereafter the introduction of A/T base pair (bp) mutations during the process of IgV gene diversification. This study reports the establishment of the first modified human B cell line that recapitulates the mechanism of SHM of Ig genes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia K. Lerner
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dorine Bonte
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Morwenna Le Guillou
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Mahwish Mian Mohammad
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Zeinab Kasraian
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alain Sarasin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuelle Despras
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Said Aoufouchi
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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30
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Recent advances in the construction of functional nucleic acids with isothermal amplification for heavy metal ions sensor. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Wen R, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Huang M, Tian J, Lu J. Photoelectrochemical aptasensor for kanamycin determination based on exonuclease I-assisted target signal amplification and photoexcited electron transfer strategy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Nambiar TS, Baudrier L, Billon P, Ciccia A. CRISPR-based genome editing through the lens of DNA repair. Mol Cell 2022; 82:348-388. [PMID: 35063100 PMCID: PMC8887926 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing technologies operate by inducing site-specific DNA perturbations that are resolved by cellular DNA repair pathways. Products of genome editors include DNA breaks generated by CRISPR-associated nucleases, base modifications induced by base editors, DNA flaps created by prime editors, and integration intermediates formed by site-specific recombinases and transposases associated with CRISPR systems. Here, we discuss the cellular processes that repair CRISPR-generated DNA lesions and describe strategies to obtain desirable genomic changes through modulation of DNA repair pathways. Advances in our understanding of the DNA repair circuitry, in conjunction with the rapid development of innovative genome editing technologies, promise to greatly enhance our ability to improve food production, combat environmental pollution, develop cell-based therapies, and cure genetic and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun S. Nambiar
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Lou Baudrier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N. W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Pierre Billon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N. W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada,Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032,Lead Contact,Corresponding authors: ,
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33
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Borsellini A, Kunetsky V, Friedhoff P, Lamers MH. Cryogenic electron microscopy structures reveal how ATP and DNA binding in MutS coordinates sequential steps of DNA mismatch repair. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:59-66. [PMID: 35013597 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair detects and corrects mismatches introduced during DNA replication. The protein MutS scans for mismatches and coordinates the repair cascade. During this process, MutS undergoes multiple conformational changes in response to ATP binding, hydrolysis and release, but how ATP induces the various MutS conformations is incompletely understood. Here we present four cryogenic electron microscopy structures of Escherichia coli MutS at sequential stages of the ATP hydrolysis cycle that reveal how ATP binding and hydrolysis induce closing and opening of the MutS dimer, respectively. Biophysical analysis demonstrates how DNA binding modulates the ATPase cycle by prevention of hydrolysis during scanning and mismatch binding, while preventing ADP release in the sliding clamp state. Nucleotide release is achieved when MutS encounters single-stranded DNA that is produced during removal of the daughter strand. The combination of ATP binding and hydrolysis and its modulation by DNA enables MutS to adopt the different conformations needed to coordinate the sequential steps of the mismatch repair cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Borsellini
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Friedhoff
- Institute for Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Meindert H Lamers
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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34
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Oh JM, Myung K. Crosstalk between different DNA repair pathways for DNA double strand break repairs. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 873:503438. [PMID: 35094810 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most threatening type of DNA lesions and must be repaired properly in order to inhibit severe diseases and cell death. There are four major repair pathways for DSBs: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), single strand annealing (SSA) and alternative end joining (alt-EJ). Cells choose repair pathway depending on the cell cycle phase and the length of 3' end of the DNA when DSBs are generated. Blunt and short regions of the 5' or 3' overhang DNA are repaired by NHEJ, which uses direct ligation or limited resection processing of the broken DNA end. In contrast, HR, SSA and alt-EJ use the resected DNA generated by the MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) complex and C-terminal binding protein interacting protein (CtIP) activated during the S and G2 phases. Here, we review recent findings on each repair pathway and the choice of repair mechanism and highlight the role of mismatch repair (MMR) protein in HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Oh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Wu Y, Xiao N, Li Y, Gao Q, Ning Y, Yu L, Cai Y, Pan C, Zhang X, Huang N, Zhou C, Ji H, Liu J, Shi W, Chen Z, Liang C, Li A. Identification and fine mapping of qPBR10-1, a novel locus controlling panicle blast resistance in Pigm-containing P/TGMS line. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:75. [PMID: 37309514 PMCID: PMC10236096 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast is one of the most widespread and devastating diseases in rice production. Tremendous success has been achieved in the identification and characterization of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring seedling blast resistance, however, genetic studies on panicle blast resistance have lagged far behind. In this study, two advanced backcross inbred sister lines (MSJ13 and MSJ18) were obtained in the process of introducing Pigm into C134S and showed significant differences in the panicle blast resistance. One F2 population derived from the crossing MSJ13/MSJ18 was used to QTL mapping for panicle blast resistance using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) method. A total of seven QTLs were identified, including a major QTL qPBR10-1 on chromosome 10 that explains 24.21% of phenotypic variance with LOD scores of 6.62. Furthermore, qPBR10-1 was verified using the BC1F2 and BC1F3 population and narrowed to a 60.6-kb region with six candidate genes predicted, including two genes encoding exonuclease family protein, two genes encoding hypothetical protein, and two genes encoding transposon protein. The nucleotide variations and the expression patterns of the candidate genes were identified and analyzed between MSJ13 and MSJ18 through sequence comparison and RT-PCR approach, and results indicated that ORF1 and ORF2 encoding exonuclease family protein might be the causal candidate genes for panicle blast resistance in the qPBR10-1 locus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01268-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Wu
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ning Xiao
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Ling Yu
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yue Cai
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Cunhong Pan
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Niansheng Huang
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Changhai Zhou
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Hongjuan Ji
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jianju Liu
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Wei Shi
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zichun Chen
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Aihong Li
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yangzhou, 225009 China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Yan S, Gao S, Zhou P. Multi-functions of exonuclease 1 in DNA damage response and cancer susceptibility. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Zhao X, Lu H, Usdin K. FAN1's protection against CGG repeat expansion requires its nuclease activity and is FANCD2-independent. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11643-11652. [PMID: 34718701 PMCID: PMC8599916 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Repeat Expansion Diseases, a large group of human diseases that includes the fragile X-related disorders (FXDs) and Huntington's disease (HD), all result from expansion of a disease-specific microsatellite via a mechanism that is not fully understood. We have previously shown that mismatch repair (MMR) proteins are required for expansion in a mouse model of the FXDs, but that the FANCD2 and FANCI associated nuclease 1 (FAN1), a component of the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway, is protective. FAN1's nuclease activity has been reported to be dispensable for protection against expansion in an HD cell model. However, we show here that in a FXD mouse model a point mutation in the nuclease domain of FAN1 has the same effect on expansion as a null mutation. Furthermore, we show that FAN1 and another nuclease, EXO1, have an additive effect in protecting against MSH3-dependent expansions. Lastly, we show that the loss of FANCD2, a vital component of the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway, has no effect on expansions. Thus, FAN1 protects against MSH3-dependent expansions without diverting the expansion intermediates into the canonical FA pathway and this protection depends on FAN1 having an intact nuclease domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huiyan Lu
- Laboratory Animal Sciences section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen Usdin
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ghaderi-Zefrehi H, Rezaei M, Sadeghi F, Heiat M. Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and hepatocellular carcinoma risk. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103196. [PMID: 34416543 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent types of tumors worldwide. Its occurrence and development have been related to various risk factors, such as chronic infection with hepatitis B or C viruses and alcohol addiction. DNA repair systems play a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the genome. Defects in these systems have been related to increased susceptibility to various types of cancer. Multiple genetic polymorphisms in genes of DNA repair systems have been reported that may affect DNA repair capacity (DRC) and modulate risk to cancer. Several studies have been conducted to assess the role of polymorphisms of DNA repair genes on the HCC risk. Identifying these polymorphisms and their association with HCC risk may help to improve prevention and treatment strategies. In this study, we review investigations that evaluated the association between genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair genes and risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghaderi-Zefrehi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heiat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Rad27 and Exo1 function in different excision pathways for mismatch repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5568. [PMID: 34552065 PMCID: PMC8458276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR) involves redundant exonuclease 1 (Exo1)-dependent and Exo1-independent pathways, of which the Exo1-independent pathway(s) is not well understood. The exo1Δ440-702 mutation, which deletes the MutS Homolog 2 (Msh2) and MutL Homolog 1 (Mlh1) interacting peptides (SHIP and MIP boxes, respectively), eliminates the Exo1 MMR functions but is not lethal in combination with rad27Δ mutations. Analyzing the effect of different combinations of the exo1Δ440-702 mutation, a rad27Δ mutation and the pms1-A99V mutation, which inactivates an Exo1-independent MMR pathway, demonstrated that each of these mutations inactivates a different MMR pathway. Furthermore, it was possible to reconstitute a Rad27- and Msh2-Msh6-dependent MMR reaction in vitro using a mispaired DNA substrate and other MMR proteins. Our results demonstrate Rad27 defines an Exo1-independent eukaryotic MMR pathway that is redundant with at least two other MMR pathways. Defects in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) have been linked to inherited and sporadic cancers. Here the authors demonstrate that the DNA repair protein Rad27 (human FEN1) functions in one of three redundant mispair excision pathways, where its flap endonuclease activity catalyzes mispair excision.
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40
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Ruan X, Wang Z, Su Y, Wang T. Population Genomics Reveals Gene Flow and Adaptive Signature in Invasive Weed Mikania micrantha. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1279. [PMID: 34440453 PMCID: PMC8394975 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-standing and unresolved issue in invasion biology concerns the rapid adaptation of invaders to nonindigenous environments. Mikania micrantha is a notorious invasive weed that causes substantial economic losses and negative ecological consequences in southern China. However, the contributions of gene flow, environmental variables, and functional genes, all generally recognized as important factors driving invasive success, to its successful invasion of southern China are not fully understood. Here, we utilized a genotyping-by-sequencing approach to sequence 306 M. micrantha individuals from 21 invasive populations. Based on the obtained genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, we observed that all the populations possessed similar high levels of genetic diversity that were not constrained by longitude and latitude. Mikania micrantha was introduced multiple times and subsequently experienced rapid-range expansion with recurrent high gene flow. Using FST outliers, a latent factor mixed model, and the Bayesian method, we identified 38 outlier SNPs associated with environmental variables. The analysis of these outlier SNPs revealed that soil composition, temperature, precipitation, and ecological variables were important determinants affecting the invasive adaptation of M. micrantha. Candidate genes with outlier signatures were related to abiotic stress response. Gene family clustering analysis revealed 683 gene families unique to M. micrantha which may have significant implications for the growth, metabolism, and defense responses of M. micrantha. Forty-one genes showing significant positive selection signatures were identified. These genes mainly function in binding, DNA replication and repair, signature transduction, transcription, and cellular components. Collectively, these findings highlight the contribution of gene flow to the invasion and spread of M. micrantha and indicate the roles of adaptive loci and functional genes in invasive adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Ruan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (X.R.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (X.R.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yingjuan Su
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (X.R.); (Z.W.)
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
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41
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Furman CM, Wang TY, Zhao Q, Yugandhar K, Yu H, Alani E. Handcuffing intrinsically disordered regions in Mlh1-Pms1 disrupts mismatch repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9327-9341. [PMID: 34390347 PMCID: PMC8450099 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) factor Mlh1–Pms1 contains long intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) whose exact functions remain elusive. We performed cross-linking mass spectrometry to identify interactions within Mlh1–Pms1 and used this information to insert FRB and FKBP dimerization domains into their IDRs. Baker's yeast strains bearing these constructs were grown with rapamycin to induce dimerization. A strain containing FRB and FKBP domains in the Mlh1 IDR displayed a complete defect in MMR when grown with rapamycin. but removing rapamycin restored MMR functions. Strains in which FRB was inserted into the IDR of one MLH subunit and FKBP into the other subunit were also MMR defective. The MLH complex containing FRB and FKBP domains in the Mlh1 IDR displayed a rapamycin-dependent defect in Mlh1–Pms1 endonuclease activity. In contrast, linking the Mlh1 and Pms1 IDRs through FRB-FKBP dimerization inappropriately activated Mlh1–Pms1 endonuclease activity. We conclude that dynamic and coordinated rearrangements of the MLH IDRs both positively and negatively regulate how the MLH complex acts in MMR. The application of the FRB-FKBP dimerization system to interrogate in vivo functions of a critical repair complex will be useful for probing IDRs in diverse enzymes and to probe transient loss of MMR on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Furman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ting-Yi Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Qiuye Zhao
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kumar Yugandhar
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Haiyuan Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Eric Alani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Strand discrimination in DNA mismatch repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 105:103161. [PMID: 34171627 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) corrects non-Watson-Crick basepairs generated by replication errors, recombination intermediates, and some forms of chemical damage to DNA. In MutS and MutL homolog-dependent MMR, damaged bases do not identify the error-containing daughter strand that must be excised and resynthesized. In organisms like Escherichia coli that use methyl-directed MMR, transient undermethylation identifies the daughter strand. For other organisms, growing in vitro and in vivo evidence suggest that strand discrimination is mediated by DNA replication-associated daughter strand nicks that direct asymmetric loading of the replicative clamp (the β-clamp in bacteria and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA, in eukaryotes). Structural modeling suggests that replicative clamps mediate strand specificity either through the ability of MutL homologs to recognize the fixed orientation of the daughter strand relative to one face of the replicative clamps or through parental strand-specific diffusion of replicative clamps on DNA, which places the daughter strand in the MutL homolog endonuclease active site. Finally, identification of bacteria that appear to lack strand discrimination mediated by a replicative clamp and a pre-existing nick suggest that other strand discrimination mechanisms exist or that these organisms perform MMR by generating a double-stranded DNA break intermediate, which may be analogous to NucS-mediated MMR.
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Furman CM, Elbashir R, Pannafino G, Clark NL, Alani E. Experimental exchange of paralogous domains in the MLH family provides evidence of sub-functionalization after gene duplication. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab111. [PMID: 33871573 PMCID: PMC8495741 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Baker's yeast contains a large number of duplicated genes; some function redundantly, whereas others have more specialized roles. We used the MLH family of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins as a model to better understand the steps that lead to gene specialization following a gene duplication event. We focused on two highly conserved yeast MLH proteins, Pms1 and Mlh3, with Pms1 having a major role in the repair of misincorporation events during DNA replication and Mlh3 acting to resolve recombination intermediates in meiosis to form crossovers. The baker's yeast Mlh3 and Pms1 proteins are significantly diverged (19% overall identity), suggesting that an extensive number of evolutionary steps, some major, others involving subtle refinements, took place to diversify the MLH proteins. Using phylogenetic and molecular approaches, we provide evidence that all three domains (N-terminal ATP binding, linker, C-terminal endonuclease/MLH interaction) in the MLH protein family are critical for conferring pathway specificity. Importantly, mlh3 alleles in the ATP binding and endonuclease domains improved MMR functions in strains lacking the Pms1 protein and did not disrupt Mlh3 meiotic functions. This ability for mlh3 alleles to complement the loss of Pms1 suggests that an ancestral Pms1/Mlh3 protein was capable of performing both MMR and crossover functions. Our strategy for analyzing MLH pathway specificity provides an approach to understand how paralogs have evolved to support distinct cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Furman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2703, USA
| | - Ryan Elbashir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2703, USA
| | - Gianno Pannafino
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2703, USA
| | - Nathan L Clark
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Eric Alani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2703, USA
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Replication-independent instability of Friedreich's ataxia GAA repeats during chronological aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2013080118. [PMID: 33495349 PMCID: PMC7865128 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013080118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inheritance of long (GAA)n repeats in the frataxin gene causes the debilitating neurodegenerative disease Friedreich’s ataxia. Subsequent expansions of these repeats throughout a patient’s lifetime in the affected tissues, like the nervous system, may contribute to disease onset. We developed an experimental model to characterize the mechanisms of repeat instability in nondividing cells to better understand how mutations can occur as cells age chronologically. We show that repeats can expand in nondividing cells. Notably, however, large deletions are the major type of repeat-mediated genome instability in nondividing cells, implicating the loss of important genetic material with aging in the progression of Friedreich’s ataxia. Nearly 50 hereditary diseases result from the inheritance of abnormally long repetitive DNA microsatellites. While it was originally believed that the size of inherited repeats is the key factor in disease development, it has become clear that somatic instability of these repeats throughout an individual’s lifetime strongly contributes to disease onset and progression. Importantly, somatic instability is commonly observed in terminally differentiated, postmitotic cells, such as neurons. To unravel the mechanisms of repeat instability in nondividing cells, we created an experimental system to analyze the mutability of Friedreich’s ataxia (GAA)n repeats during chronological aging of quiescent Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Unexpectedly, we found that the predominant repeat-mediated mutation in nondividing cells is large-scale deletions encompassing parts, or the entirety, of the repeat and adjacent regions. These deletions are caused by breakage at the repeat mediated by mismatch repair (MMR) complexes MutSβ and MutLα and DNA endonuclease Rad1, followed by end-resection by Exo1 and repair of the resulting double-strand breaks (DSBs) via nonhomologous end joining. We also observed repeat-mediated gene conversions as a result of DSB repair via ectopic homologous recombination during chronological aging. Repeat expansions accrue during chronological aging as well—particularly in the absence of MMR-induced DSBs. These expansions depend on the processivity of DNA polymerase δ while being counteracted by Exo1 and MutSβ, implicating nick repair. Altogether, these findings show that the mechanisms and types of (GAA)n repeat instability differ dramatically between dividing and nondividing cells, suggesting that distinct repeat-mediated mutations in terminally differentiated somatic cells might influence Friedreich’s ataxia pathogenesis.
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Gu S, Bodai Z, Cowan QT, Komor AC. Base Editors: Expanding the Types of DNA Damage Products Harnessed for Genome Editing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1. [PMID: 34368792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ggedit.2021.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Base editors are an innovative addition to the genome editing toolbox that introduced a new genome editing strategy to the field. Instead of using double-stranded DNA breaks, base editors use nucleobase modification chemistry to efficiently and precisely incorporate single nucleotide variants (SNVs) into the genome of living cells. Two classes of DNA base editors currently exist: deoxycytidine deamination-derived editors (CBEs, which facilitate C•G to T•A mutations) and deoxyadenosine deamination-derived base editors (ABEs, which facilitate A•T to G•C mutations). More recently, the development of mitochondrial base editors allowed the introduction of C•G to T•A mutations into mitochondrial DNA as well. Base editors show great potential as therapeutic agents and research tools, and extensive studies have been carried out to improve upon the original base editor constructs to aid researchers in a variety of disciplines. Despite their widespread use, there are few publications that focus on elucidating the biological pathways involved during the processing of base editor intermediates. Because base editors introduce unique types of DNA damage products (a U•G mismatch with a DNA backbone nick for CBEs, and an I•T mismatch with a DNA backbone nick for ABEs) to facilitate genome editing, a deep understanding of the DNA damage repair pathways that facilitate or impede base editing represents an important aspect for the further expansion and improvement of the technologies. Here, we first review canonical deoxyuridine, deoxyinosine, and single-stranded break repair. Then, we discuss how interactions among these different repair processes can lead to different base editing outcomes. Through this review, we hope to promote thoughtful discussions on the DNA repair mechanisms of base editing, as well as help researchers in the improvement of the current base editors and the development of new base editors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zsolt Bodai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Quinn T Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexis C Komor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Rahman MM, Mohiuddin M, Shamima Keka I, Yamada K, Tsuda M, Sasanuma H, Andreani J, Guerois R, Borde V, Charbonnier JB, Takeda S. Genetic evidence for the involvement of mismatch repair proteins, PMS2 and MLH3, in a late step of homologous recombination. J Biol Chem 2021; 295:17460-17475. [PMID: 33453991 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) repairs DNA double-strand breaks using intact homologous sequences as template DNA. Broken DNA and intact homologous sequences form joint molecules (JMs), including Holliday junctions (HJs), as HR intermediates. HJs are resolved to form crossover and noncrossover products. A mismatch repair factor, MLH3 endonuclease, produces the majority of crossovers during meiotic HR, but it remains elusive whether mismatch repair factors promote HR in nonmeiotic cells. We disrupted genes encoding the MLH3 and PMS2 endonucleases in the human B cell line, TK6, generating null MLH3-/- and PMS2-/- mutant cells. We also inserted point mutations into the endonuclease motif of MLH3 and PMS2 genes, generating endonuclease death MLH3DN/DN and PMS2EK/EK cells. MLH3-/- and MLH3DN/DN cells showed a very similar phenotype, a 2.5-fold decrease in the frequency of heteroallelic HR-dependent repair of restriction enzyme-induced double-strand breaks. PMS2-/- and PMS2EK/EK cells showed a phenotype very similar to that of the MLH3 mutants. These data indicate that MLH3 and PMS2 promote HR as an endonuclease. The MLH3DN/DN and PMS2EK/EK mutations had an additive effect on the heteroallelic HR. MLH3DN/DN/PMS2EK/EK cells showed normal kinetics of γ-irradiation-induced Rad51 foci but a significant delay in the resolution of Rad51 foci and a 3-fold decrease in the number of cisplatin-induced sister chromatid exchanges. The ectopic expression of the Gen1 HJ re-solvase partially reversed the defective heteroallelic HR of MLH3DN/DN/PMS2EK/EK cells. Taken together, we propose that MLH3 and PMS2 promote HR as endonucleases, most likely by processing JMs in mammalian somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maminur Rahman
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mohiuddin Mohiuddin
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Islam Shamima Keka
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kousei Yamada
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jessica Andreani
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Raphael Guerois
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Valerie Borde
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3244, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Charbonnier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Effects of the loss of mismatch repair genes on single-strand annealing between divergent sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Microbiol 2021; 59:401-409. [PMID: 33779953 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic genomes contain many duplicated genes closely located with each other, such as the hexose transporter (HXT) genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They can potentially recombine via single-strand annealing (SSA) pathway. SSA between highly divergent sequences generates heteroduplex DNA intermediates with many mismatches, which can be corrected by mismatch repair (MMR), resulting in recombinant sequences with a single junction point. In this report, we demonstrate that SSA between HXT1 and HXT4 genes in MMR-deficient yeast cells produces recombinant genes with multiple-junctions resulting from alternating HXT1 and HXT4 tracts. The mutations in MMR genes had differential effects on SSA frequencies; msh6Δ mutation significantly stimulated SSA events, whereas msh2Δ and msh3Δ slightly suppressed it. We set up an assay that can identify a pair of recombinant genes derived from a single heteroduplex DNA. As a result, the recombinant genes with multiple-junctions were found to accompany genes with single-junctions. Based on the results presented here, a model was proposed to generate multiple-junctions in SSA pathway involving an alternative short-patch repair system.
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Liang Y, Cai X, Zheng X, Yin H. Analysis of the Clinicopathological Characteristics of Stage I-III Colorectal Cancer Patients Deficient in Mismatch Repair Proteins. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2203-2212. [PMID: 33814918 PMCID: PMC8010427 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s278029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of stage I–III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) protein. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis of 61 patients with stage I–III CRC confirmed by immunohistochemistry as dMMR after radical resection at Shenjing Hospital of China Medical University from May 2017 to June 2019 was performed. A total of 183 stage I–III CRC patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) protein from the same period were randomly selected as a control group. The clinicopathological data of the two groups were investigated. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in age, sex, site of onset, maximum diameter of tumor, T stage, tumor differentiation, and histological type (P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected in nerve vessel invasion, cancer nodules, the N stage or the TNM stage. In the dMMR group, 41 patients (66.13%) showed PMS2/MLH1 deletion, and the number of MSH2/MSH6 deletion is 21 patients (33.87%). Among them, 34 patients (54.84%) had PMS2 and MLH1 deficiency. In total, 16 patients (25.81%) had MSH2 and MSH6 deficiency. A total of 5 patients (8.06%) showed simply PMS2 deletion and 5 patients (8.06%) showed simply MSH6 deletion. In total, 2 patients (3.23%) showed concurrent loss of PMS2, MLH1 and MSH2. No significant difference were found (P > 0.05) in the above factors among dMMR CRC patients with different MMR proteins deletions. Conclusion Our results show that dMMR status may be more likely exist in female and younger (≤55 years) patients with a greater tumor burden (>5cm), right colon, T4 stage disease, poor differentiation and mucinous adenocarcinoma. Loss of PMS2 and MLH1 is the most common pattern of MMR protein expression deficiency, followed by concurrent deletion of MSH2 and MSH6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinling Cai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhuan Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Zhou CS, Feng MT, Chen X, Gao Y, Chen L, Li LD, Li DH, Cao YQ. Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates with Immune Infiltrates in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1033-1048. [PMID: 33623391 PMCID: PMC7894803 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s286274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) has been identified to be highly expressed in different human malignancies, but its expression and prognostic role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unknown. Materials and Methods Two independent cohorts extracted from public databases and one cohort from our center were analyzed in this study. Expression levels of EXO1 in LUAD tissues and paired para-cancer tissues were detected. The prognostic value of EXO1 in LUAD patients was evaluated in the three cohorts. Enrichment analyses were performed to explore the possible underlying biological pathways. Moreover, we also explored the correlations between EXO1 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells and evaluated the impact of EXO1 knock-down on the migration of lung cancer cells. Results In this study, we found that EXO1 was highly expressed in LUAD tissues compared with para-cancerous tissues in public databases (p < 0.01), which was consistent with our data (p < 0.01). Survival analysis indicated that high expression of EXO1 was associated with poor prognosis in LUAD (p < 0.01). Enrichment analyses indicated that biological pathways like cell cycle regulation, DNA damage and repair, immune response, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, may be associated with EXO1 aberrant expression. Moreover, high expression of EXO1 was correlated with decreased infiltrating B cells (p < 0.01) and CD4+ T cells (p < 0.01) levels, and low infiltrating levels of B cells (p < 0.01) and dendritic cells (DCs) (p < 0.05) indicated poor overall survival (OS) in LUAD. Additionally, in vitro experiments suggested that knockdown of EXO1 may inhibit the migratory ability of lung cancer cells. Conclusion In conclusion, EXO1 is a potential prognostic biomarker in LUAD, and correlates with infiltrating levels of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Further prospective validation of EXO1 in lung cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Shuai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Tao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Dong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Heng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Qun Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Gartner A, Engebrecht J. DNA repair, recombination, and damage signaling. Genetics 2021; 220:6522877. [PMID: 35137093 PMCID: PMC9097270 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA must be accurately copied and propagated from one cell division to the next, and from one generation to the next. To ensure the faithful transmission of the genome, a plethora of distinct as well as overlapping DNA repair and recombination pathways have evolved. These pathways repair a large variety of lesions, including alterations to single nucleotides and DNA single and double-strand breaks, that are generated as a consequence of normal cellular function or by external DNA damaging agents. In addition to the proteins that mediate DNA repair, checkpoint pathways have also evolved to monitor the genome and coordinate the action of various repair pathways. Checkpoints facilitate repair by mediating a transient cell cycle arrest, or through initiation of cell suicide if DNA damage has overwhelmed repair capacity. In this chapter, we describe the attributes of Caenorhabditis elegans that facilitate analyses of DNA repair, recombination, and checkpoint signaling in the context of a whole animal. We review the current knowledge of C. elegans DNA repair, recombination, and DNA damage response pathways, and their role during development, growth, and in the germ line. We also discuss how the analysis of mutational signatures in C. elegans is helping to inform cancer mutational signatures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gartner
- Department for Biological Sciences, IBS Center for Genomic Integrity, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author: (A.G.); (J.E.)
| | - JoAnne Engebrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA,Corresponding author: (A.G.); (J.E.)
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