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Mashhadi Kholerdi A, Moradian F, Mehralitabar H. In vitro study of the expression of autophagy genes ATG101, mTOR and AMPK in breast cancer with treatment of lactoferrin and in silico study of their communication networks and protein interactions. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 190:19-27. [PMID: 38782098 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a new window of science that has been noticed due to the importance of specific therapies in cancer. In this study, the effect of lactoferrin (Lf) on the expression level of ATG101, mTOR and AMPK genes in breast cancer cell line MCF7, as well as the interaction between lactoferrin protein and their protein were investigated. The expression level of the genes was measured using a real-time PCR method. PDB, UniProt, KEGG, and STRING databases and ClusPro webserver and PyMol software were used in silico study. The results showed that the expression level of the ATG101 gene in treatment with concentrations of 100, 400, 600, and 800 μg/ml Lf decreased by 0.05, 0.13, 0.54 and 0.77, respectively. The expression level of the mTOR gene in treatment with concentrations of 100, 400, 600, and 800 μg/ml Lf decreased by 0.07, 0.05, 0.13, and 0.49 times respectively. The level of the AMPK gene expression in treatment with concentrations of 100, 400, 600, and 800 μg/ml Lf decreased by 0.05, 0.01, 0.06, and 0.03, respectively. Virtualization of the interaction of Lf protein with ATG101, mTOR and AMPK proteins by Pymol software showed that the N lobe region of Lf interacted with the HORMA domain of ATG101 protein, the fat domain of mTOR protein, and the CTD domain of AMPK protein. Although Lf was not able to increase the expression of autophagy-inducing genes, it may be able to induce autophagy through protein interaction by activating or inhibiting proteins related to autophagy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Mashhadi Kholerdi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
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2
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Rahmati S, Moeinafshar A, Rezaei N. The multifaceted role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in colorectal cancer: metastasis, immune suppression, therapy resistance, and autophagy crosstalk. J Transl Med 2024; 22:452. [PMID: 38741166 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by all cells and widely distributed in all biological fluids. EVs are implicated in diverse physiopathological processes by orchestrating cell-cell communication. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with metastasis being the leading cause of mortality in CRC patients. EVs contribute significantly to the advancement and spread of CRC by transferring their cargo, which includes lipids, proteins, RNAs, and DNAs, to neighboring or distant cells. Besides, they can serve as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early detection of CRC or be harnessed as effective carriers for delivering therapeutic agents. Autophagy is an essential cellular process that serves to remove damaged proteins and organelles by lysosomal degradation to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy and EV release are coordinately activated in tumor cells and share common factors and regulatory mechanisms. Although the significance of autophagy and EVs in cancer is well established, the exact mechanism of their interplay in tumor development is obscure. This review focuses on examining the specific functions of EVs in various aspects of CRC, including progression, metastasis, immune regulation, and therapy resistance. Further, we overview emerging discoveries relevant to autophagy and EVs crosstalk in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Rahmati
- Student Research Committee, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysan Moeinafshar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Grant B, Sundaram Buitrago PA, Mercado BC, Yajima M. Characterization of p53/p63/p73 and Myc expressions during embryogenesis of the sea urchin. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:333-350. [PMID: 37698352 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some marine invertebrate organisms are considered not to develop tumors due to unknown mechanisms. To gain an initial insight into how tumor-related genes may be expressed and function during marine invertebrate development, we here leverage sea urchin embryos as a model system and characterize the expressions of Myc and p53/p63/p73 which are reported to function synergistically in mammalian models as an oncogene and tumor suppressor, respectively. RESULTS During sea urchin embryogenesis, a combo gene of p53/p63/p73 is found to be maternally loaded and decrease after fertilization both in transcript and protein, while Myc transcript and protein are zygotically expressed. p53/p63/p73 and Myc proteins are observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of every blastomere, respectively, throughout embryogenesis. Both p53/p63/p73 and Myc overexpression results in compromised development with increased DNA damage after the blastula stage. p53/p63/p73 increases the expression of parp1, a DNA repair/cell death marker gene, and suppresses endomesoderm gene expressions. In contrast, Myc does not alter the expression of specification genes or oncogenes yet induces disorganized morphology. CONCLUSIONS p53/p63/p73 appears to be important for controlling cell differentiation, while Myc induces disorganized morphology yet not through conventional oncogene regulations or apoptotic pathways during embryogenesis of the sea urchin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Beatriz C Mercado
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mamiko Yajima
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Toledano-Macías E, Martínez-Pascual MA, Hernández-Bule ML. Electric currents of 448 kHz upregulate anti-senescence pathways in human dermal fibroblasts. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:687-700. [PMID: 37945550 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, finding new therapeutic strategies that reduce skin aging is a challenge for dermatologists and aesthetic doctors. In recent years, physical therapies have been included in the options for antiaging treatments; however, the biological bases of such treatments have scarcely been studied. One of these physical therapies is capacitive-resistive electric transfer (CRET) therapy. Previous studies have shown that subthermal treatment with CRET promotes the proliferation and migration of various cell types involved in skin regeneration, such as human ADSC (stem cells), fibroblasts, or keratinocytes. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effects of in vitro treatment with CRET-Std (standard, non-modulated signal) or CRET-Mod (modulated signal) on cell proliferation and migration, markers of aging, and extracellular matrix production. METHODS Three types of human dermal fibroblasts were used: neonatal fibroblasts (HFn), replicative senescent fibroblasts (HFs), and adult fibroblasts (HFa). The effects of electric stimulation on cell proliferation and migration were studied through XTT and wound closure assays, respectively. The expression of the aging marker β-galactosidase was assessed using a colorimetric assay, whereas immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and ELISAs were carried out to analyze the expression levels of migration, aging, and extracellular matrix proteins. RESULTS The treatment with CRET-Std increased HFn and HFa proliferation, as well as migration in the three types of fibroblasts studied compared to those of the controls. Conversely, CRET-Mod did not modify either of these two processes with respect to the controls. Additionally, CRET-Std also reduced the cellular senescence markers β-gal, vimentin, p53, and p21 in all three types of human skin fibroblasts. In addition, the application of CRET-Std also induced fibronectin production in HFn and was able to stimulate ECM neocollagenesis. CONCLUSION CRET treatment improves a number of functions related to migration and proliferation, and it reduces age-related cellular changes in human dermal fibroblasts. Therefore, the use of this CRET therapy to reduce the signs of dermal aging and to promote tissue regeneration could be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Toledano-Macías
- Bioelectromagnetic Laboratory, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Luisa Hernández-Bule
- Bioelectromagnetic Laboratory, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Lopez Chiloeches M, Bergonzini A, Martin OCB, Bergstein N, Erttmann SF, Aung KM, Gekara NO, Avila Cariño JF, Pateras IS, Frisan T. Genotoxin-producing Salmonella enterica induces tissue-specific types of DNA damage and DNA damage response outcomes. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1270449. [PMID: 38274797 PMCID: PMC10808668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Typhoid toxin-expressing Salmonella enterica causes DNA damage in the intestinal mucosa in vivo, activating the DNA damage response (DDR) in the absence of inflammation. To understand whether the tissue microenvironment constrains the infection outcome, we compared the immune response and DDR patterns in the colon and liver of mice infected with a genotoxigenic strain or its isogenic control strain. Methods In situ spatial transcriptomic and immunofluorescence have been used to assess DNA damage makers, activation of the DDR, innate immunity markers in a multiparametric analysis. Result The presence of the typhoid toxin protected from colonic bacteria-induced inflammation, despite nuclear localization of p53, enhanced co-expression of type-I interferons (IfnbI) and the inflammasome sensor Aim2, both classic features of DNA-break-induced DDR activation. These effects were not observed in the livers of either infected group. Instead, in this tissue, the inflammatory response and DDR were associated with high oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. Conclusions Our work highlights the relevance of the tissue microenvironment in enabling the typhoid toxin to suppress the host inflammatory response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lopez Chiloeches
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergonzini
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Océane C. B. Martin
- Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicole Bergstein
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Saskia F. Erttmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Infection Oncology Unit, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kyaw Min Aung
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nelson O. Gekara
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Javier F. Avila Cariño
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioannis S. Pateras
- Second Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Teresa Frisan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR) Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Chaaya C, Zgheib G, El Karak F. Pharmacotherapy developments in autophagy inhibitors for bladder cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1853-1860. [PMID: 37668151 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2254697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is an intracellular process that plays a key role in the cellular homeostasis. Recently, it has been described as a potential therapeutic target in oncology, whether by activating or inhibiting its different cascades. Autophagy inhibitors interact with different molecular processes of the hallmarks of cancer. AREAS COVERED Multiple proteins of the autophagy cascade could be aimed by specific inhibitors in many tumors, notably bladder cancer. In fact, bladder cancer has been increasing in prevalence over the last decade, and resistance to conventional treatment has been extensively reported in the literature. Autophagy inhibitors in bladder cancer have been described in preclinical studies to increase the sensitivity of the tumor to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This paper is a review of the literature, which selected randomized trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies documenting the relationship between autophagy inhibitors and bladder cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION Autophagy is a promising pathway for cancer cell targeting that opens the horizons for a potential new therapeutic area in particular the multidisciplinary management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Chaaya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hotel-Dieu De France, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghady Zgheib
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hotel-Dieu De France, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi El Karak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hotel-Dieu De France, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Tuğrul B, Balcan E, Öztel Z, Çöllü F, Gürcü B. Prion protein-dependent regulation of p53-MDM2 crosstalk during endoplasmic reticulum stress and doxorubicin treatments might be essential for cell fate in human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Exp Cell Res 2023:113656. [PMID: 37245583 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of doxorubicin and tunicamycin treatment alone or in combination on MDM-, Cul9-and prion protein (PrP)-mediated subcellular regulation of p53 in the context of apoptosis and autophagy. MTT analysis was performed to determine the cytotoxic effect of the agents. Apoptosis was monitorized by ELISA, flow cytometry and JC-1 assay. Monodansylcadaverine assay was performed for autophagy. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to determine p53, MDM2, CUL9 and PrP levels. Doxorubicin increased p53, MDM2 and CUL9 levels in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of p53 and MDM2 was higher at the 0.25 μM concentration of tunicamycin compared to the control, but it decreased at 0.5 μM and 1 μM concentrations. CUL9 expression was significantly decreased only after treatment of tunicamycin at 0.25 μM. According to its glycosylation status, the upper band of PrP increased only in combination treatment. In combination treatment, p53 expression was higher than control, whereas MDM2 and CUL9 expressions were decreased. Combination treatments may make MCF-7 cells more susceptible to apoptosis rather than autophagy. In conclusion, PrP may be important in determining the fate of cell death through crosstalk between proteins such as p53 and MDM2 under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions. Further studies are needed to obtain in-depth information on these potential molecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Tuğrul
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Erdal Balcan
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Zübeyde Öztel
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Çöllü
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Beyhan Gürcü
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
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Hu Q, Li Z, Li Y, Deng X, Chen Y, Ma X, Zeng J, Zhao Y. Natural products targeting signaling pathways associated with regulated cell death in gastric cancer: Recent advances and perspectives. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 37157181 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most serious gastrointestinal malignancies with high morbidity and mortality. The complexity of GC process lies in the multi-phenotypic linkage regulation, in which regulatory cell death (RCD) is the core link, which largely dominates the fate of GC cells and becomes a key determinant of GC development and prognosis. In recent years, increasing evidence has been reported that natural products can prevent and inhibit the development of GC by regulating RCDs, showing great therapeutic potential. In order to further clarify its key regulatory characteristics, this review focused on specific expressions of RCDs, combined with a variety of signaling pathways and their crosstalk characteristics, sorted out the key targets and action rules of natural products targeting RCD. It is highlighted that a variety of core biological pathways and core targets are involved in the decision of GC cell fate, including the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, MAPK-related signaling pathways, p53 signaling pathway, ER stress, Caspase-8, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and so on. Moreover, natural products target the crosstalk of different RCDs by modulating above signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings suggest that targeting various RCDs in GC with natural products is a promising strategy, providing a reference for further clarifying the molecular mechanism of natural products treating GC, which warrants further investigations in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lamas-Maceiras M, Vizoso-Vázquez Á, Barreiro-Alonso A, Cámara-Quílez M, Cerdán ME. Thanksgiving to Yeast, the HMGB Proteins History from Yeast to Cancer. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040993. [PMID: 37110415 PMCID: PMC10142021 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeasts have been a part of human life since ancient times in the fermentation of many natural products used for food. In addition, in the 20th century, they became powerful tools to elucidate the functions of eukaryotic cells as soon as the techniques of molecular biology developed. Our molecular understandings of metabolism, cellular transport, DNA repair, gene expression and regulation, and the cell division cycle have all been obtained through biochemistry and genetic analysis using different yeasts. In this review, we summarize the role that yeasts have had in biological discoveries, the use of yeasts as biological tools, as well as past and on-going research projects on HMGB proteins along the way from yeast to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Lamas-Maceiras
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología (CICA), As Carballeiras, s/n, Campus de Elviña, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, A Fraga, s/n, Campus de A Zapateira, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángel Vizoso-Vázquez
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología (CICA), As Carballeiras, s/n, Campus de Elviña, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, A Fraga, s/n, Campus de A Zapateira, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Aida Barreiro-Alonso
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología (CICA), As Carballeiras, s/n, Campus de Elviña, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, A Fraga, s/n, Campus de A Zapateira, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Cámara-Quílez
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología (CICA), As Carballeiras, s/n, Campus de Elviña, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, A Fraga, s/n, Campus de A Zapateira, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Esperanza Cerdán
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología (CICA), As Carballeiras, s/n, Campus de Elviña, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, A Fraga, s/n, Campus de A Zapateira, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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Ren Y, Da J, Ren J, Song Y, Han J. An autophagy-related long non-coding RNA signature in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:120. [PMID: 36814212 PMCID: PMC9945660 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common oral cancer with a poor prognosis. At present, there is not any systematic study on autophagy-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) to predict the survival of patients with TSCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this research, the cohort of TSCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ten lncRNAs related to autophagy AC010326.3, AL160006.1, AL122010.1, AC139530.1, AC092747.4, AL139287.1, MIR503HG, AC009318.2, LINC01711, and LINC02560 are significantly correlated with prognosis. Based on these lncRNAs, a prognostic signature was established. This signature has an AUC value of 0.782, which accurately distinguishes patients of TSCC into high-risk and low-risk groups in different clinical hierarchical information (such as gender, age, etc.). RESULTS The clinical nomogram with autophagy-related lncRNA prognostic characteristics has a concordance index of 0.81, and accurately predicts the survival time at 1-year and 3-year of TSCC patients. Related functional enrichment results indicate that the pathways of the high-risk group are enriched on cancer and autophagy. CONCLUSIONS The autophagy-related lncRNA prognostic signature established in this study could accurately predict the prognosis of TSCC patients and may be a molecular biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinting Ren
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Orthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Junlong Da
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Junyu Ren
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Oral Implant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Ye Song
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Orthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Jingying Han
- Department of Orthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Ali M, Wani SUD, Salahuddin M, S.N. M, K M, Dey T, Zargar MI, Singh J. Recent advance of herbal medicines in cancer- a molecular approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13684. [PMID: 36865478 PMCID: PMC9971193 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds are crucial for an extensive range of therapeutic uses, and some exhibit anticancer activity. Scientists advocate that phytochemicals modulate autophagy and apoptosis, involved in the underlying pathobiology of cancer development and regulation. The pharmacological aiming of the autophagy-apoptosis signaling pathway using phytocompounds hence offers an auspicious method that is complementary to conventional cancer chemotherapy. The current review aims to explore the molecular level of the autophagic-apoptotic pathway to know its implication in the pathobiology of cancer and explore the essential cellular process as a druggable anticancer target and therapeutic emergence of naturally derived phytocompound-based anticancer agents. The data in the review were collected from scientific databases such as Google search, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Clinical Trials. With a broad outlook, we investigated their cutting-edge scientifically revealed and/or searched pharmacologic effects, a novel mechanism of action, and molecular signaling pathway of phytochemicals in cancer therapy. In this review, the evidence is focused on molecular pharmacology, specifically caspase, Nrf2, NF-kB, autophagic-apoptotic pathway, and several mechanisms to understand their role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
| | - Shahid Ud Din Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Md Salahuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560027, India
| | - Manjula S.N.
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570004, India
| | - Mruthunjaya K
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570004, India
| | - Tathagata Dey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
| | - Mohammed Iqbal Zargar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Jagadeesh Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
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12
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Sanford JD, Jin A, Grois GA, Zhang Y. A role of cytoplasmic p53 in the regulation of metabolism shown by bat-mimicking p53 NLS mutant mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111920. [PMID: 36640361 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 suppresses tumorigenesis via a wide-ranging, concerted set of functions. Although several studies have identified cytoplasmic, transcription-independent functions of p53, the biological relevance of these activities has not been fully elucidated, particularly in vivo. Here, we generated a mouse model with a p53K316P mutation, which mimics a naturally occurring p53 nuclear localization signal (NLS) change observed in bat species. We find that the p53K316P mutation increases cytoplasmic localization of p53 and promotes a pleiotropic metabolic phenotype that includes increased adiposity, increased de novo lipogenesis, and decreased lactate generation. Mechanistic studies show that, independent of its transactivation function, p53K316P interacts with lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) and alters the composition and enzymatic activities of LDH complex favoring pyruvate generation and hindering lactate production. Overall, the study identifies a role for cytoplasmic p53 in the regulation of metabolism that favors energy generation and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Sanford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Aiwen Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Gabriella A Grois
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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13
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Xue Y, Jiang X, Wang J, Zong Y, Yuan Z, Miao S, Mao X. Effect of regulatory cell death on the occurrence and development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Biomark Res 2023; 11:2. [PMID: 36600313 PMCID: PMC9814270 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a malignant tumour with a high mortality rate characterized by late diagnosis, high recurrence and metastasis rates, and poor prognosis. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer. Various factors are involved in the occurrence and development of HNSCC, including external inflammatory stimuli and oncogenic viral infections. In recent years, studies on the regulation of cell death have provided new insights into the biology and therapeutic response of HNSCC, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and recently the newly discovered cuproptosis. We explored how various cell deaths act as a unique defence mechanism against cancer emergence and how they can be exploited to inhibit tumorigenesis and progression, thus introducing regulatory cell death (RCD) as a novel strategy for tumour therapy. In contrast to accidental cell death, RCD is controlled by specific signal transduction pathways, including TP53 signalling, KRAS signalling, NOTCH signalling, hypoxia signalling, and metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms of nonapoptotic RCD and its relationship to HNSCC and discuss the crosstalk between relevant signalling pathways in HNSCC cells. We also highlight novel approaches to tumour elimination through RCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xue
- grid.412651.50000 0004 1808 3502Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejiao Jiang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junrong Wang
- grid.412651.50000 0004 1808 3502Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxuan Zong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First of hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhennan Yuan
- grid.412651.50000 0004 1808 3502Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Susheng Miao
- grid.412651.50000 0004 1808 3502Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xionghui Mao
- grid.412651.50000 0004 1808 3502Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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14
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Al-Huseini I, Sirasanagandla SR, Babu KS, Sofin RGS, Das S. Kinase Inhibitors Involved in the Regulation of Autophagy: Molecular Concepts and Clinical Implications. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:1502-1528. [PMID: 35078392 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220117114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
All cells and intracellular components are remodeled and recycled in order to replace the old and damaged cells. Autophagy is a process by which damaged, and unwanted cells are degraded in the lysosomes. There are three different types of autophagy: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Autophagy has an effect on adaptive and innate immunity, suppression of any tumour, and the elimination of various microbial pathogens. The process of autophagy has both positive and negative effects, and this pertains to any specific disease or its stage of progression. Autophagy involves various processes which are controlled by various signaling pathways, such as Jun N-terminal kinase, GSK3, ERK1, Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 and parkin RBR E3. Protein kinases are also important for the regulation of autophagy as they regulate the process of autophagy either by activation or inhibition. The present review discusses the kinase catalyzed phosphorylated reactions, the kinase inhibitors, types of protein kinase inhibitors and their binding properties to protein kinase domains, the structures of active and inactive kinases, and the hydrophobic spine structures in active and inactive protein kinase domains. The intervention of autophagy by targeting specific kinases may form the mainstay of treatment of many diseases and lead the road to future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isehaq Al-Huseini
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al-Khodh 123, Oman
| | - Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al-Khodh 123, Oman
| | - Kondaveeti Suresh Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International (Deemed) University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al-Khodh 123, Oman
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15
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Gattupalli M, Dey P, Poovizhi S, Patel RB, Mishra D, Banerjee S. The Prospects of RNAs and Common Significant Pathways in Cancer Therapy and Regenerative Medicine. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6008-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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16
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Pieroni S, Castelli M, Piobbico D, Ferracchiato S, Scopetti D, Di-Iacovo N, Della-Fazia MA, Servillo G. The Four Homeostasis Knights: In Balance upon Post-Translational Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214480. [PMID: 36430960 PMCID: PMC9696182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A cancer outcome is a multifactorial event that comes from both exogenous injuries and an endogenous predisposing background. The healthy state is guaranteed by the fine-tuning of genes controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and development, whose alteration induces cellular behavioral changes finally leading to cancer. The function of proteins in cells and tissues is controlled at both the transcriptional and translational level, and the mechanism allowing them to carry out their functions is not only a matter of level. A major challenge to the cell is to guarantee that proteins are made, folded, assembled and delivered to function properly, like and even more than other proteins when referring to oncogenes and onco-suppressors products. Over genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational control, protein synthesis depends on additional steps of regulation. Post-translational modifications are reversible and dynamic processes that allow the cell to rapidly modulate protein amounts and function. Among them, ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications modulate the stability and control the activity of most of the proteins that manage cell cycle, immune responses, apoptosis, and senescence. The crosstalk between ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications and post-translational modifications is a keystone to quickly update the activation state of many proteins responsible for the orchestration of cell metabolism. In this light, the correct activity of post-translational machinery is essential to prevent the development of cancer. Here we summarize the main post-translational modifications engaged in controlling the activity of the principal oncogenes and tumor suppressors genes involved in the development of most human cancers.
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17
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Jing H, Korasick DA, Emenecker RJ, Morffy N, Wilkinson EG, Powers SK, Strader LC. Regulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR condensation and nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4015. [PMID: 35817767 PMCID: PMC9273615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin critically regulates plant growth and development. Auxin-driven transcriptional responses are mediated through the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) family of transcription factors. ARF protein condensation attenuates ARF activity, resulting in dramatic shifts in the auxin transcriptional landscape. Here, we perform a forward genetics screen for ARF hypercondensation, identifying an F-box protein, which we named AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR F-BOX1 (AFF1). Functional characterization of SCFAFF1 revealed that this E3 ubiquitin ligase directly interacts with ARF19 and ARF7 to regulate their accumulation, condensation, and nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning. Mutants defective in AFF1 display attenuated auxin responsiveness, and developmental defects, suggesting that SCFAFF1 -mediated regulation of ARF protein drives aspects of auxin response and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Jing
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27008, USA
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - David A Korasick
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Ryan J Emenecker
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Nicholas Morffy
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27008, USA
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Edward G Wilkinson
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27008, USA
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Samantha K Powers
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Lucia C Strader
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27008, USA.
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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18
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Vitto VAM, Bianchin S, Zolondick AA, Pellielo G, Rimessi A, Chianese D, Yang H, Carbone M, Pinton P, Giorgi C, Patergnani S. Molecular Mechanisms of Autophagy in Cancer Development, Progression, and Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071596. [PMID: 35884904 PMCID: PMC9313210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and tightly regulated process that plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. It involves regulation of various genes that function to degrade unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components, and to recycle metabolic substrates. Autophagy is modulated by many factors, such as nutritional status, energy level, hypoxic conditions, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hormonal stimulation and drugs, and these factors can regulate autophagy both upstream and downstream of the pathway. In cancer, autophagy acts as a double-edged sword depending on the tissue type and stage of tumorigenesis. On the one hand, autophagy promotes tumor progression in advanced stages by stimulating tumor growth. On the other hand, autophagy inhibits tumor development in the early stages by enhancing its tumor suppressor activity. Moreover, autophagy drives resistance to anticancer therapy, even though in some tumor types, its activation induces lethal effects on cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the biological mechanisms of autophagy and its dual role in cancer. In addition, we report the current understanding of autophagy in some cancer types with markedly high incidence and/or lethality, and the existing therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Angela Maria Vitto
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Silvia Bianchin
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Alicia Ann Zolondick
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (A.A.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.)
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA
| | - Giulia Pellielo
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Diego Chianese
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Haining Yang
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (A.A.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (A.A.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.)
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (V.A.M.V.); (S.B.); (G.P.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (S.P.)
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19
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The Therapeutic Potential of the Restoration of the p53 Protein Family Members in the EGFR-Mutated Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137213. [PMID: 35806218 PMCID: PMC9267050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent development of precision medicine and targeted therapies, lung cancer remains the top cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The patients diagnosed with metastatic disease have a five-year survival rate lower than 6%. In metastatic disease, EGFR is the most common driver of mutation, with the most common co-driver hitting TP53. EGFR-positive patients are offered the frontline treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, yet the development of resistance and the lack of alternative therapies make this group of patients only fit for clinical trial participation. Since mutant p53 is the most common co-driver in the metastatic setting, therapies reactivating the p53 pathway might serve as a promising alternative therapeutic approach in patients who have developed a resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review focuses on the molecular background of EGFR-mutated lung cancer and discusses novel therapeutic options converging on the reactivation of p53 tumor suppressor pathways.
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20
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Repression of p53 function by SIRT5-mediated desuccinylation at Lysine 120 in response to DNA damage. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:722-736. [PMID: 34642466 PMCID: PMC8989948 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a classic tumor suppressor that functions in maintaining genome stability by inducing either cell arrest for damage repair or cell apoptosis to eliminate damaged cells in response to different types of stress. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of p53 are thought to be the most effective way for modulating of p53 activation. Here, we show that SIRT5 interacts with p53 and suppresses its transcriptional activity. Using mass spectrometric analysis, we identify a previously unknown PTM of p53, namely, succinylation of p53 at Lysine 120 (K120). SIRT5 mediates desuccinylation of p53 at K120, resulting in the suppression of p53 activation. Moreover, using double knockout mice (p53-/-Sirt5-/-), we validate that the suppression of p53 target gene expression and cell apoptosis upon DNA damage is dependent on cellular p53. Our study identifies a novel PTM of p53 that regulates its activation as well as reveals a new target of SIRT5 acting as a desuccinylase.
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21
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Abu-Lubad MA, Helaly GF, Haddadin WJ, Jarajreh DAK, Aqel AA, Al-Zeer MA. Loss of p53 Expression in Gastric Epithelial Cells of Helicobacter pylori-Infected Jordanian Patients. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:7779770. [PMID: 35369042 PMCID: PMC8967579 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7779770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Around half of the global population is chronically infected with the stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori, making it one of the most common chronic infections worldwide. H. pylori induces the production of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and accelerates the degradation of the tumor suppressor protein p53, which may lead to cancer development. In this study, we investigated the relationship between H. pylori infection and the expression of p53 in gastric mucosa in a group of patients from Jordan. Methods In this retrospective case-control study, the epithelium of gastric glands in subjects chronically infected with H. pylori was examined for the expression of p53. Paraffin-embedded gastric biopsy samples from the archives for 50 Jordanian patients diagnosed with chronic H. pylori infection and 25 samples free of H. pylori infection and any other gastric abnormalities were selected. Samples were analyzed for the presence of H. pylori as well as p53 expression levels in the mucosa and submucosa by immunohistochemical analyses and Western blotting. Results H. pylori was detected in the gastric tissues of infected individuals (n = 50); whereas, no H. pylori infection was detected in uninfected healthy individuals (n = 25) using immunohistochemistry. In contrast to the noninfected samples of gastric mucosa, no nuclear p53 expression was detected in the infected samples using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the levels of p53 in H. pylori-positive samples detected by Western blotting were significantly lower than those in the negative individuals. Conclusion Our data reveal that p53 protein expression decreased in gastric mucosa of patients infected with H. pylori. The loss of this tumor suppressor may play a role in the increased risk for tumor initiation associated with H. pylori carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Abu-Lubad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Ghada F. Helaly
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Dua'a A. K. Jarajreh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Amin A. Aqel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Munir A. Al-Zeer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Jan YH, Heck DE, An Y, Laskin DL, Laskin JD. Nitrogen Mustard Alkylates and Cross-Links p53 in Human Keratinocytes. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:636-650. [PMID: 35312310 PMCID: PMC9491701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic blistering agents such as sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustard (HN2) were synthesized for chemical warfare. Toxicity is due to reactive chloroethyl side chains that modify and damage cellular macromolecules including DNA and proteins. In response to DNA damage, cells initiate a DNA damage response directed at the recruitment and activation of repair-related proteins. A central mediator of the DNA damage response is p53, a protein that plays a critical role in regulating DNA repair. We found that HN2 causes cytosolic and nuclear accumulation of p53 in HaCaT keratinocytes; HN2 also induced post-translational modifications on p53 including S15 phosphorylation and K382 acetylation, which enhance p53 stability, promote DNA repair, and mediate cellular metabolic responses to stress. HN2 also cross-linked p53, forming dimers and high-molecular-weight protein complexes in the cells. Cross-linked multimers were also modified by K48-linked ubiquitination indicating that they are targets for proteasome degradation. HN2-induced modifications transiently suppressed the transcriptional activity of p53. Using recombinant human p53, HN2 alkylation was found to be concentration- and redox status-dependent. Dithiothreitol-reduced protein was more efficiently cross-linked indicating that p53 cysteine residues play a key role in protein modification. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that HN2 directly alkylated p53 at C124, C135, C141, C176, C182, C275, C277, H115, H178, K132, and K139, forming both monoadducts and cross-links. The formation of intermolecular complexes was a consequence of HN2 cross-linked cysteine residues between two molecules of p53. Together, these data demonstrate that p53 is a molecular target for mustard vesicants. Modification of p53 likely mediates cellular responses to HN2 including DNA repair and cell survival contributing to vesicant-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Jan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Diane E Heck
- Department of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, United States
| | - Yunqi An
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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23
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Research Progress and Prospects of Autophagy in the Mechanism of Multidrug Resistance in Tumors. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7032614. [PMID: 35136409 PMCID: PMC8818414 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7032614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the treatment of cancer has made great strides in clinical practice, its high morbidity and fatality rates remain a major threat to human health. Multidrug resistance (MDR) often appears in the process of tumor treatment, leading to tumor refractory and aggravating the risk of tumor recurrence. Therefore, antitumor MDR plays a key role in tumor chemotherapy. Autophagy is an important process for the turnover of intracellular materials, which is commonly seen in the treatment of sensitive and multidrug-resistant tumors, and it can play different roles in various types of MDR tumor cells and tissues. Autophagy plays a dual regulatory role in MDR tumors. On the one hand, autophagy can promote the formation of MDR in tumor cells, weaken the killing effect of chemotherapy drugs on tumor cells, and play a protective role in tumor survival. On the other hand, autophagy production in the cellular environment can kill MDR tumor cells, reverse tumor resistance and enhance the efficiency of chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, the regulation of autophagy to overcome MDR has become increasingly significant in tumor chemotherapy. In this article, we discussed and summarized the research progress of autophagy in MDR tumors, mainly involving the different characteristics of autophagy in MDR cancer cells.
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24
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McCann JJ, Vasilevskaya IA, McNair C, Gallagher P, Neupane NP, de Leeuw R, Shafi AA, Dylgjeri E, Mandigo AC, Schiewer MJ, Knudsen KE. Mutant p53 elicits context-dependent pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. Oncogene 2022; 41:444-458. [PMID: 34773073 PMCID: PMC8755525 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in numerous cancer types, including prostate cancer (PCa). Specifically, missense mutations in TP53 are selectively enriched in PCa, and cluster to particular "hot spots" in the p53 DNA binding domain with mutation at the R273 residue occurring most frequently. While this residue is similarly mutated to R273C-p53 or R273H-p53 in all cancer types examined, in PCa selective enrichment of R273C-p53 is observed. Importantly, examination of clinical datasets indicated that TP53 heterozygosity can either be maintained or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) occurs. Thus, to mimic tumor-associated mutant p53, R273C-p53 and R273H-p53 isogenic PCa models were developed in the presence or absence of wild-type p53. In the absence of wild-type p53, both R273C-p53 and R273H-p53 exhibited similar loss of DNA binding, transcriptional profiles, and loss of canonical tumor suppressor functions associated with wild-type p53. In the presence of wild-type p53 expression, both R273C-p53 and R273H-p53 supported canonical p53 target gene expression yet elicited distinct cistromic and transcriptional profiles when compared to each other. Moreover, heterozygous modeling of R273C-p53 or R273H-p53 expression resulted in distinct phenotypic outcomes in vitro and in vivo. Thus, mutant p53 acts in a context-dependent manner to elicit pro-tumorigenic transcriptional profiles, providing critical insight into mutant p53-mediated prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. McCann
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Irina A. Vasilevskaya
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Christopher McNair
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Peter Gallagher
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Neermala Poudel Neupane
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Renée de Leeuw
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Ayesha A. Shafi
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Emanuela Dylgjeri
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Amy C. Mandigo
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Matthew J. Schiewer
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Karen E. Knudsen
- grid.265008.90000 0001 2166 5843Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA USA
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25
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Cao L, Yan D, Xiao J, Feng H, Chang MX. The Zebrafish Antiapoptotic Protein BIRC2 Promotes Edwardsiella piscicida Infection by Inhibiting Caspases and Accumulating p53 in a p53 Transcription-Dependent and -Independent Manner. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781680. [PMID: 34887869 PMCID: PMC8650707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IAPs (inhibitors of apoptosis) are endogenous caspase inhibitors with multiple biological activities. In the present study, we show functional characteristics of antiapoptotic protein BIRC2 (cIAP1) in response to Edwardsiella piscicida infection. Overexpression of BIRC2 in zebrafish larvae promoted the proliferation of E. piscicida, leading to a decreased larvae survival. The expression levels of caspases including casp3, casp8, and casp9 were significantly inhibited by BIRC2 overexpression in the case of E. piscicida infection. Treatment of zebrafish larvae microinjected with BIRC2 with the caspase activator PAC-1 completely blocked the negative regulation of BIRC2 on the E. piscicida infection, with the reduced inhibition on the casp3 and without inhibition on casp8 and casp9. In contrast to the regulation of BIRC2 on the caspases, BIRC2 overexpression significantly induced the expression of p53, especially at 24 hpi. In addition to the cytoplasmic p53 expression, BIRC2 overexpression also induced the expression of the nuclear p53 protein. Further analysis demonstrated that BIRC2 could interact and colocalize with p53 in the cytoplasm. The numbers of E. piscicida in larvae overexpressed with BIRC2 and treated with pifithrin-μ (an inhibitor of mitochondrial p53) or pifithrin-α (an inhibitor of p53 transactivation) were lower than those of larvae without pifithrin-μ or pifithrin-α treatment. Critically, the p53 inactivators pifithrin-μ and pifithrin-α had no significant effect on larval survival, but completely rescued larval survival for zebrafish microinjected with BIRC2 in the case of E. piscicida infection. Collectively, the present study suggest that piscine BIRC2 is a negative regulator for antibacterial immune response in response to the E. piscicida infection via inhibiting caspases, and accumulating p53 in a p53 transcription-dependent and -independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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26
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Bridoux L, Gofflot F, Rezsohazy R. HOX Protein Activity Regulation by Cellular Localization. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9040056. [PMID: 34940503 PMCID: PMC8707151 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the functions of HOX genes have been and remain extensively studied in distinct model organisms from flies to mice, the molecular biology of HOX proteins remains poorly documented. In particular, the mechanisms involved in regulating the activity of HOX proteins have been poorly investigated. Nonetheless, based on data available from other well-characterized transcription factors, it can be assumed that HOX protein activity must be finely tuned in a cell-type-specific manner and in response to defined environmental cues. Indeed, records in protein–protein interaction databases or entries in post-translational modification registries clearly support that HOX proteins are the targets of multiple layers of regulation at the protein level. In this context, we review here what has been reported and what can be inferred about how the activities of HOX proteins are regulated by their intracellular distribution.
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27
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Cui D, Qu R, Liu D, Xiong X, Liang T, Zhao Y. The Cross Talk Between p53 and mTOR Pathways in Response to Physiological and Genotoxic Stresses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:775507. [PMID: 34869377 PMCID: PMC8638743 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.775507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is activated upon multiple cellular stresses, including DNA damage, oncogene activation, ribosomal stress, and hypoxia, to induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, serves as a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and survival by coordinating nutrients, energy, growth factors, and oxygen levels. p53 dysfunction and mTOR pathway hyperactivation are hallmarks of human cancer. The balance between response to stresses or commitment to cell proliferation and survival is governed by various regulatory loops between the p53 and mTOR pathways. In this review, we first briefly introduce the tumor suppressor p53 and then describe the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of the mTOR pathway. Next, we discuss the role of p53 in regulating the mTOR pathway through its transcriptional and non-transcriptional effects. We further describe the complicated role of the mTOR pathway in modulating p53 activity. Finally, we discuss the current knowledge and future perspectives on the coordinated regulation of the p53 and mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrui Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Xiong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Ma S, Kong D, Fu X, Liu L, Liu Y, Xue C, Tian Z, Li L, Liu X. p53-Induced Autophagy Regulates Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Resistance in Multidrug Resistance Cancer Cells. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211048046. [PMID: 34646092 PMCID: PMC8504250 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211048046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug resistance (MDR), a major problem in oncology therapy, limits the effectiveness of anticancer drugs. Although p53 functions as a tumor suppressor, the associations between p53 status, autophagy, and MDR are complicated and conditional. Method In this report, p53-null human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its MDR phenotype SKVCR and human leukemia cell line CEM and its MDR phenotype CEM-VLB) (p53 mutant cell line) were used. Results Compared to parental SKOV3, the mRNA and protein levels of MAPLC3-II and Beclin1 were higher in SKVCR cells. The inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA significantly sensitized SKVCR to VCR. Conversely, in drug-resistant leukemic cells CEM-VLB, the expressions of Beclin1 and MAPLC3-II were lower than CEM. CEM and CEM-VLB cells were treated with VLB .01 or 0.5 μg/mL, respectively, and the expression of p53 and autophagy up-regulated after VLB (.01 μg/mL) treatment in CEM cells. The percentage of S-phase and G2/M phase cells up-regulated significantly by .01 μg/mL VLB in CEM, which may relate to the status of p53 of CEM cells. A combination of radiation with 3-MA significantly increased apoptosis in CEM-VLB cells. Conclusion Our discovery found that p53 is an important regulator controlling the balance between autophagy and MDR, as a potential drug target for ovarian cancer and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dejuan Kong
- Department of Pediatric Ultrasound, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Fu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chang Xue
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhujun Tian
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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29
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Tsai YY, Su CH, Tarn WY. p53 Activation in Genetic Disorders: Different Routes to the Same Destination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9307. [PMID: 34502215 PMCID: PMC8430931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is critical for preventing neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Inappropriate activation of p53, however, has been observed in a number of human inherited disorders that most often affect development of the brain, craniofacial region, limb skeleton, and hematopoietic system. Genes related to these developmental disorders are essentially involved in transcriptional regulation/chromatin remodeling, rRNA metabolism, DNA damage-repair pathways, telomere maintenance, and centrosome biogenesis. Perturbation of these activities or cellular processes may result in p53 accumulation in cell cultures, animal models, and perhaps humans as well. Mouse models of several p53 activation-associated disorders essentially recapitulate human traits, and inactivation of p53 in these models can alleviate disorder-related phenotypes. In the present review, we focus on how dysfunction of the aforementioned biological processes causes developmental defects via excessive p53 activation. Notably, several disease-related genes exert a pleiotropic effect on those cellular processes, which may modulate the magnitude of p53 activation and establish or disrupt regulatory loops. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for genetic disorders associated with p53 misactivation.
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30
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Mutated p53 in HGSC-From a Common Mutation to a Target for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143465. [PMID: 34298679 PMCID: PMC8304959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian high-grade serous cancer (HGSC), the most common and the deadliest subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, is characterized by frequent mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, encoding for the p53 protein in nearly 100% of cases. This makes p53 the focus of many studies trying to understand its role in HGSC. The aim of our review paper is to provide updates on the latest findings related to the role of mutant p53 in HGSC. This includes the clinical outcomes of TP53 mutations in HGSC, upstream regulators and downstream effectors of p53, its function in the earliest stages of HGSC development and in the interplay between the tumor cells and their microenvironment. We summarize with the likelihood of p53 mutants to serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis and as targets for therapy in HGSC. Abstract Mutations in tumor suppressor gene TP53, encoding for the p53 protein, are the most ubiquitous genetic variation in human ovarian HGSC, the most prevalent and lethal histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The majority of TP53 mutations are missense mutations, leading to loss of tumor suppressive function of p53 and gain of new oncogenic functions. This review presents the clinical relevance of TP53 mutations in HGSC, elaborating on several recently identified upstream regulators of mutant p53 that control its expression and downstream target genes that mediate its roles in the disease. TP53 mutations are the earliest genetic alterations during HGSC pathogenesis, and we summarize current information related to p53 function in the pathogenesis of HGSC. The role of p53 is cell autonomous, and in the interaction between cancer cells and its microenvironment. We discuss the reduction in p53 expression levels in tumor associated fibroblasts that promotes cancer progression, and the role of mutated p53 in the interaction between the tumor and its microenvironment. Lastly, we discuss the potential of TP53 mutations to serve as diagnostic biomarkers and detail some more advanced efforts to use mutated p53 as a therapeutic target in HGSC.
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31
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Holoubek A, Strachotová D, Otevřelová P, Röselová P, Heřman P, Brodská B. AML-Related NPM Mutations Drive p53 Delocalization into the Cytoplasm with Possible Impact on p53-Dependent Stress Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133266. [PMID: 34209894 PMCID: PMC8269334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nucleophosmin (NPM) is one of the most abundant nucleolar proteins and its mutations frequently occur in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mutations cause aberrant cytoplasmic localization of mutated protein (NPMmut) and often mediate dislocation of NPM interaction partners. Tumor suppressor p53 is known to interact with NPM in response to genotoxic stress and its cytoplasmic localization is an unfavorable prognostic factor in cancers. This study aims to characterize the NPM-p53 interaction and to elucidate the effect of the NPM mutations on p53 localization and expression in live cells. In addition, the cellular dynamics of NPMmut and p53 after treatment with nuclear export inhibitor Selinexor is described and the mechanism of the Selinexor action proposed. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the oncogenic potential of NPM mutations. Abstract Nucleophosmin (NPM) interaction with tumor suppressor p53 is a part of a complex interaction network and considerably affects cellular stress response. The impact of NPM1 mutations on its interaction with p53 has not been investigated yet, although consequences of NPMmut-induced p53 export to the cytoplasm are important for understanding the oncogenic potential of these mutations. We investigated p53-NPM interaction in live HEK-293T cells by FLIM-FRET and in cell lysates by immunoprecipitation. eGFP lifetime-photoconversion was used to follow redistribution dynamics of NPMmut and p53 in Selinexor-treated cells. We confirmed the p53-NPMwt interaction in intact cells and newly documented that this interaction is not compromised by the NPM mutation causing displacement of p53 to the cytoplasm. Moreover, the interaction was not abolished for non-oligomerizing NPM variants with truncated oligomerization domain, suggesting that oligomerization is not essential for interaction of NPM forms with p53. Inhibition of the nuclear exporter XPO1 by Selinexor caused expected nuclear relocalization of both NPMmut and p53. However, significantly different return rates of these proteins indicate nontrivial mechanism of p53 and NPMmut cellular trafficking. The altered p53 regulation in cells expressing NPMmut offers improved understanding to help investigational strategies targeting these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Holoubek
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (P.O.); (P.R.)
| | - Dita Strachotová
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Otevřelová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (P.O.); (P.R.)
| | - Pavla Röselová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (P.O.); (P.R.)
| | - Petr Heřman
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (B.B.); Tel.: +420-951-551-461 (P.H.); +420-221-977-354 (B.B.)
| | - Barbora Brodská
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (P.O.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (B.B.); Tel.: +420-951-551-461 (P.H.); +420-221-977-354 (B.B.)
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32
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Theofani E, Xanthou G. Autophagy: A Friend or Foe in Allergic Asthma? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126314. [PMID: 34204710 PMCID: PMC8231495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major self-degradative process through which cytoplasmic material, including damaged organelles and proteins, are delivered and degraded in the lysosome. Autophagy represents a dynamic recycling system that produces new building blocks and energy, essential for cellular renovation, physiology, and homeostasis. Principal autophagy triggers include starvation, pathogens, and stress. Autophagy plays also a pivotal role in immune response regulation, including immune cell differentiation, antigen presentation and the generation of T effector responses, the development of protective immunity against pathogens, and the coordination of immunometabolic signals. A plethora of studies propose that both impaired and overactive autophagic processes contribute to the pathogenesis of human disorders, including infections, cancer, atherosclerosis, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy has been also implicated in the development and progression of allergen-driven airway inflammation and remodeling. Here, we provide an overview of recent studies pertinent to the biology of autophagy and molecular pathways controlling its activation, we discuss autophagy-mediated beneficial and detrimental effects in animal models of allergic diseases and illuminate new advances on the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of human asthma. We conclude contemplating the potential of targeting autophagy as a novel therapeutic approach for the management of allergic responses and linked asthmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Theofani
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11547 Athens, Greece;
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, “Sotiria” Regional Chest Diseases Hospital, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11547 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgina Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11547 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-65-97-336
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33
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Jun SY, Yoon HR, Yoon JY, Jeon SJ, Lee JJ, Halder D, Kim JM, Kim NS. The Human TOR Signaling Regulator Is the Key Indicator of Liver Cancer Patients' Overall Survival: TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44 as Potential Biomarkers for Early Liver Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2925. [PMID: 34208132 PMCID: PMC8230774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported the involvement of TIPRL/LC3/CD133 in liver cancer aggressiveness. This study assessed the human TOR signaling regulator (TIPRL)/microtubule-associated light chain 3 (LC3)/prominin-1 (CD133)/cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early liver cancer. For the assessment, we stained tissues of human liver disease/cancer with antibodies against TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44/CD46, followed by confocal observation. The roles of TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44/CD46 in liver normal and cancer cell lines were determined by in vitro studies. We analyzed the prognostic and diagnostic potentials of TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44/CD46 using the receiver-operating characteristic curve, a Kaplan-Meier and uni-/multi-Cox analyses. TIPRL and LC3 were upregulated in tissues of HCCs and adult hepatocytes-derived liver diseases while downregulated in iCCA. Intriguingly, TIPRL levels were found to be critically associated with liver cancer patients' survivability, and TIPRL is the key player in liver cancer cell proliferation and viability via stemness and self-renewal induction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TIPRL/LC3/CD133 have shown prominent efficiency for diagnosing patients with grade 1 iCCA. TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44 have also provided excellent potential for prognosticating patients with grade 1 iCCA and grade 1 HCCs, together with demonstrating that TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44 are, either individually or in conjunction, potential biomarkers for early liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Jun
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyang Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Ji-Yong Yoon
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jeon
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Lee
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Debasish Halder
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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Timofeev O, Stiewe T. Rely on Each Other: DNA Binding Cooperativity Shapes p53 Functions in Tumor Suppression and Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2422. [PMID: 34067731 PMCID: PMC8155944 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a tumor suppressor that is mutated in half of all cancers. The high clinical relevance has made p53 a model transcription factor for delineating general mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. p53 forms tetramers that bind DNA in a highly cooperative manner. The DNA binding cooperativity of p53 has been studied by structural and molecular biologists as well as clinical oncologists. These experiments have revealed the structural basis for cooperative DNA binding and its impact on sequence specificity and target gene spectrum. Cooperativity was found to be critical for the control of p53-mediated cell fate decisions and tumor suppression. Importantly, an estimated number of 34,000 cancer patients per year world-wide have mutations of the amino acids mediating cooperativity, and knock-in mouse models have confirmed such mutations to be tumorigenic. While p53 cancer mutations are classically subdivided into "contact" and "structural" mutations, "cooperativity" mutations form a mechanistically distinct third class that affect the quaternary structure but leave DNA contacting residues and the three-dimensional folding of the DNA-binding domain intact. In this review we discuss the concept of DNA binding cooperativity and highlight the unique nature of cooperativity mutations and their clinical implications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Rahman MA, Hannan MA, Dash R, Rahman MDH, Islam R, Uddin MJ, Sohag AAM, Rahman MH, Rhim H. Phytochemicals as a Complement to Cancer Chemotherapy: Pharmacological Modulation of the Autophagy-Apoptosis Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639628. [PMID: 34025409 PMCID: PMC8138161 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive plant derived compounds are important for a wide range of therapeutic applications, and some display promising anticancer properties. Further evidence suggests that phytochemicals modulate autophagy and apoptosis, the two crucial cellular pathways involved in the underlying pathobiology of cancer development and regulation. Pharmacological targeting of autophagy and apoptosis signaling using phytochemicals therefore offers a promising strategy that is complementary to conventional cancer chemotherapy. In this review, we sought to highlight the molecular basis of the autophagic-apoptotic pathway to understand its implication in the pathobiology of cancer, and explore this fundamental cellular process as a druggable anticancer target. We also aimed to present recent advances and address the limitations faced in the therapeutic development of phytochemical-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ataur Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
- Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - MD. Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rokibul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, South Korea
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Krasic J, Skara L, Ulamec M, Katusic Bojanac A, Dabelic S, Bulic-Jakus F, Jezek D, Sincic N. Teratoma Growth Retardation by HDACi Treatment of the Tumor Embryonal Source. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113416. [PMID: 33217978 PMCID: PMC7698704 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common neoplasms in young male populations, with a rising incidence. Among them, teratomas may often be very aggressive and resistant to therapy. Our aim was to investigate the impact of two potential anti-tumor epigenetic drugs (Valproate and Trichostatin A) in a mammalian model of teratoma development from an early trilaminar mouse embryo. Both drugs applied to the embryonic tissue had a significant negative impact on the teratoma growth in a three-dimensional in vitro culture. However, Trichostatin A did not diminish some potentially dangerous features of teratomas in contrast to Valproate. This research is an original contribution to the basic knowledge of the origin and development of teratomas. Such knowledge is necessary for envisioning therapeutic strategies against human testicular tumors. Abstract Among testicular germ cell tumors, teratomas may often be very aggressive and therapy-resistant. Our aim was to investigate the impact of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) on the in vitro growth of experimental mouse teratoma by treating their embryonic source, the embryo-proper, composed only of the three germ layers. The growth of teratomas was measured for seven days, and histopathological analysis, IHC/morphometry quantification, gene enrichment analysis, and qPCR analysis on a selected panel of pluripotency and early differentiation genes followed. For the first time, within teratomas, we histopathologically assessed the undifferentiated component containing cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCLCs) and differentiated components containing numerous lymphocytes. Mitotic indices were higher than apoptotic indices in both components. Both HDACi treatments of the embryos-proper significantly reduced teratoma growth, although this could be related neither to apoptosis nor proliferation. Trichostatin A increased the amount of CSCLCs, and upregulated the mRNA expression of pluripotency/stemness genes as well as differentiation genes, e.g., T and Eomes. Valproate decreased the amount of CSCLCs, and downregulated the expressions of pluripotency/stemness and differentiation genes. In conclusion, both HDACi treatments diminished the inherent tumorigenic growth potential of the tumor embryonal source, although Trichostatin A did not diminish the potentially dangerous expression of cancer-related genes and the amount of CSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Krasic
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Lucija Skara
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Katusic Bojanac
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Dabelic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Floriana Bulic-Jakus
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Davor Jezek
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Sincic
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.K.); (L.S.); (A.K.B.); (F.B.-J.)
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-45-66-806; Fax: +385-45-960-199
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Della-Fazia MA, Castelli M, Piobbico D, Pieroni S, Servillo G. HOPS and p53: thick as thieves in life and death. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2996-3003. [PMID: 33112208 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1838772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncosuppressor protein p53 plays a major role in transcriptionally controlling the expression of a number of genes, which in turn regulates many functions in response to DNA damage, oncogene triggering, oxidative, and additional cell stresses. A developing area of interest in p53 is the studies related to its cytoplasmic function(s). Many investigations revealed the significant role of p53 in the cytoplasm, acting in a transcriptional-independent manner in important processes related to cell homeostasis such as; apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism control, drug, and oxidative stress response. The studies on cytoplasmic p53 have shown intricate mechanisms by which posttranslational modifications allow p53 to perform its cytoplasmic functions. A number of ubiquitins, deubiquitins, and small ubiquitin-like proteins, have a pivotal role in controlling cytoplasmic stability and localization. Recently, HOPS/TMUB1 a novel small ubiquitin-like protein has been described as a vital molecule stabilizing p53 half-life, directing it to the mitochondria and favoring p53-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, HOPS/TMUB1 competing with importin-α lessens p53 nuclear localization, thereby increasing cytoplasmic concentration. HOPS/TMUB1 as p53 modifiers could be attractive candidates to elucidate apoptosis or other important transcriptional-independent functions which are key in cancer research in order to develop new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marilena Castelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia, Italy
| | - Danilo Piobbico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Pieroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia, Italy
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When Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteostasis Meets the DNA Damage Response. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:881-891. [PMID: 33036871 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sustaining both proteome and genome integrity (GI) requires the integration of a wide range of mechanisms and signaling pathways. These comprise, in particular, the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the DNA damage response (DDR). These adaptive mechanisms take place respectively in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in the nucleus. UPR and DDR alterations are associated with aging and with pathologies such as degenerative diseases, metabolic and inflammatory disorders, and cancer. We discuss the emerging signaling crosstalk between UPR stress sensors and the DDR, as well as their involvement in cancer biology.
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Gong L, Zhang Q, Pan X, Chen S, Yang L, Liu B, Yang W, Yu L, Xiao ZX, Feng XH, Wang H, Yuan ZM, Peng J, Tan WQ, Chen J. p53 Protects Cells from Death at the Heatstroke Threshold Temperature. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3693-3707.e5. [PMID: 31825845 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
When the core body temperature is higher than 40°C, life is threatened due to heatstroke. Tumor repressor p53 is required for heat-induced apoptosis at hyperthermia conditions (>41°C). However, its role in sub-heatstroke conditions (≤40°C) remains unclear. Here, we reveal that both zebrafish and human p53 promote survival at 40°C, the heatstroke threshold temperature, by preventing a hyperreactive heat shock response (HSR). At 40°C, both Hsf1 and Hsp90 are activated. Hsf1 upregulates the expression of Hsc70 to trigger Hsc70-mediated protein degradation, whereas Hsp90 stabilizes p53 to repress the expression of Hsf1 and Hsc70, which prevents excessive HSR to maintain cell homeostasis. Under hyperthermia conditions, ATM is activated to phosphorylate p53 at S37, which increases BAX expression to induce apoptosis. Furthermore, growth of p53-deficient tumor xenografts, but not that of their p53+/+ counterparts, was inhibited by 40°C treatment. Our findings may provide a strategy for individualized therapy for p53-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gong
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qinghe Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao Pan
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuming Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lina Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Second Zhonshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Luyang Yu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Xiao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haihe Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Second Zhonshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Min Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jinrong Peng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Lin Y, Liao K, Miao Y, Qian Z, Fang Z, Yang X, Nie Q, Jiang G, Liu J, Yu Y, Wan J, Zhang X, Hu Y, Jiang J, Qiu Y. Role of Asparagine Endopeptidase in Mediating Wild-Type p53 Inactivation of Glioblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:343-355. [PMID: 31400201 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type (WT) glioblastoma (GBM) accounts for 90% of all GBMs, yet only 27% of isocitrate dehydrogenase WT-GBMs have p53 mutations. However, the tumor surveillance function of WT-p53 in GBM is subverted by mechanisms that are not fully understood. METHODS We investigated the proteolytic inactivation of WT-p53 by asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP) and its effects on GBM progression in cancer cells, murine models, and patients' specimens using biochemical and functional assays. The sera of healthy donors (n = 48) and GBM patients (n = 20) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, effects of AEP inhibitors on GBM progression were evaluated in murine models (n = 6-8 per group). The statistical significance between groups was determined using two-tailed Student t tests. RESULTS We demonstrate that AEP binds to and directly cleaves WT-p53, resulting in the inhibition of WT-p53-mediated tumor suppressor function in both tumor cells and stromal cells via extracellular vesicle communication. High expression of uncleavable p53-N311A-mutant rescue AEP-induced tumorigenesis, proliferation, and anti-apoptotic abilities. Knock down or pharmacological inhibition of AEP reduced tumorigenesis and prolonged survival in murine models. However, overexpression of AEP promoted tumorigenesis and shortened the survival time. Moreover, high AEP levels in GBM tissues were associated with a poor prognosis of GBM patients (n = 83; hazard ratio = 3.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.87 to 8.28; P < .001). A correlation was found between high plasma AEP levels and a larger tumor size in GBM patients (r = 0.6, P = .03), which decreased dramatically after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that AEP promotes GBM progression via inactivation of WT-p53 and may serve as a prognostic and therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Keman Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongrun Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanmin Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Institute of Medical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyi Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqing Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaomin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongming Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Della-Fazia MA, Castelli M, Piobbico D, Pieroni S, Servillo G. The Ins and Outs of HOPS/TMUB1 in biology and pathology. FEBS J 2020; 288:2773-2783. [PMID: 32860479 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration represents an outstanding tool to study not only proliferation, but also other important processes such as inflammation, regenerative response or stem cell biology. Several novel genes have been identified as being involved in the proliferation of residual hepatocytes. One of them, HOPS/TMUB1, is proving to be a significant player in the control of proliferation, both contributing to genomic stability and as a partner of essential molecules. HOPS is an ubiquitin-like protein, shuttling from nucleus to cytoplasm, and it is engaged in a number of biological and physiopathological functions. HOPS overexpression in tumour cell lines strongly reduces proliferation, arresting cell cycle in G0 /G1 . HOPS is involved in centrosome assembly and maintenance, and its knockdown causes genomic instability. Moreover, a direct interaction of HOPS with nucleophosmin (NPM) and p19Arf has been established, resulting in proper control of p19Arf stability and localization. These data indicate that HOPS acts as a functional bridge in the interaction between NPM and p19Arf , providing new mechanistic insight into how NPM and p19Arf will oppose cell proliferation. HOPS exerts a control in p53 stability, directing p53 mitochondrial apoptosis and cytoplasmic localization. HOPS plays a direct role as novel post-translational modifier of p53, much like SUMO or NEDD. HOPS is overexpressed in a high number of human tumours in patients affected by large intestinal, CNS, liver and oesophageal tumours. This review highlights HOPS involvement in distinct cellular functions, establishing its role as a key player in cell biology and pathology in a broader context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danilo Piobbico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Pieroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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Patra S, Mishra SR, Behera BP, Mahapatra KK, Panigrahi DP, Bhol CS, Praharaj PP, Sethi G, Patra SK, Bhutia SK. Autophagy-modulating phytochemicals in cancer therapeutics: Current evidences and future perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:205-217. [PMID: 32450139 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic self-cannibalism that eliminates dysfunctional cytoplasmic cargos by the fusion of cargo-containing autophagosomes with lysosomes to maintain cyto-homeostasis. Autophagy sustains a dynamic interlink between cytoprotective and cytostatic function during malignant transformation in a context-dependent manner. The antioxidant and immunomodulatory phyto-products govern autophagy and autophagy-associated signaling pathways to combat cellular incompetence during malignant transformation. Moreover, in a close cellular signaling circuit, autophagy regulates aberrant epigenetic modulation and inflammation, which limits tumor metastasis. Thus, manipulating autophagy for induction of cell death and associated regulatory phenomena will embark on a new strategy for tumor suppression with wide therapeutic implications. Despite the prodigious availability of lead pharmacophores in nature, the central autophagy regulating entities, their explicit target, as well as pre-clinical and clinical assessment remains a major question to be answered. In addition to this, the stage-specific regulation of autophagy and mode of action with natural products in regulating the key autophagic molecules, control of tumor-specific pathways in relation to modulation of autophagic network specify therapeutic target in caner. Moreover, the molecular pathway specificity and enhanced efficacy of the pre-existing chemotherapeutic agents in co-treatment with these phytochemicals hold high prevalence for target specific cancer therapeutics. Hence, the multi-specific role of phytochemicals in a cellular and tumor context dependent manner raises immense curiosity for investigating of novel therapeutic avenues. In this perspective, this review discusses about diverse implicit mechanisms deployed by the bioactive compounds in diagnosis and therapeutics approach during cancer progression with special insight into autophagic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya R Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Bishnu P Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Kewal K Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debasna P Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Chandra S Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Samir K Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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Bruer M, Reinhardt D, Welte K, Thakur BK. Insights into the limitations of transient expression systems for the functional study of p53 acetylation site and oncogenic mutants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:990-995. [PMID: 32061389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor protein p53 protects cells against malignant transformation mostly through transcriptional activation. Lysine acetylation is required to mediate activation of p53. The protein displays eight lysine residues and their evolutionary conservation argues for an essential role. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of individual acetylation sites in mediating p53 functions. Differences in intracellular localization, protein expression levels, and transcriptional activity were investigated by overexpressing acetylation-deficient p53 variants in the colon carcinoma-derived p53 knock-out cell line HCT 116 p53(-/-). We found that not all lysine residues are equally capable of promoting p53's functions. Individual amino acid mutations or combinations thereof led to altered p53 expression levels, intracellular distribution, or transcriptional transactivation capacity, as compared to the wild-type protein. However, we observed that the choice of protein tag and expression vector could significantly alter obtained results on certain aspects of p53 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Bruer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Welte
- Molecular Hematopoiesis, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Basant Kumar Thakur
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Clarithromycin inhibits autophagy in colorectal cancer by regulating the hERG1 potassium channel interaction with PI3K. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:161. [PMID: 32123164 PMCID: PMC7052256 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have studied how the macrolide antibiotic Clarithromycin (Cla) regulates autophagy, which sustains cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy in cancer. We found Cla to inhibit the growth of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, by modulating the autophagic flux and triggering apoptosis. The accumulation of cytosolic autophagosomes accompanied by the modulation of autophagic markers LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1, points to autophagy exhaustion. Because Cla is known to bind human Ether-à-go-go Related Gene 1 (hERG1) K+ channels, we studied if its effects depended on hERG1 and its conformational states. By availing of hERG1 mutants with different gating properties, we found that fluorescently labelled Cla preferentially bound to the closed channels. Furthermore, by sequestering the channel in the closed conformation, Cla inhibited the formation of a macromolecular complex between hERG1 and the p85 subunit of PI3K. This strongly reduced Akt phosphorylation, and stimulated the p53-dependent cell apoptosis, as witnessed by late caspase activation. Finally, Cla enhanced the cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the main chemotherapeutic agent in CRC, in vitro and in a xenograft CRC model. We conclude that Cla affects the autophagic flux by impairing the signaling pathway linking hERG1 and PI3K. Combining Cla with 5-FU might be a novel therapeutic option in CRC.
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Castelli M, Piobbico D, Chiacchiaretta M, Brunacci C, Pieroni S, Bartoli D, Gargaro M, Fallarino F, Puccetti P, Soddu S, Della‐Fazia MA, Servillo G. HOPS/TMUB1 retains p53 in the cytoplasm and sustains p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48073. [PMID: 31867855 PMCID: PMC7001502 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic signalling by p53 occurs at both transcriptional and non-transcriptional levels, as p53 may act as a direct apoptogenic stimulus via activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. HOPS is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed shuttling protein with an ubiquitin-like domain. We generated Hops-/- mice and observed that they are viable with no apparent phenotypic defects. However, when treated with chemotherapeutic agents, Hops-/- mice display a significant reduction in apoptosis, suggesting an impaired ability to respond to genotoxic stressors. We show that HOPS acts as a regulator of cytoplasmic p53 levels and function. By binding p53, HOPS inhibits p53 proteasomal degradation and favours p53 recruitment to mitochondria and apoptosis induction. By interfering with importin α, HOPS further increases p53 cytoplasmic levels. Thus, HOPS promotes the p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by preserving cytoplasmic p53 from both degradation and nuclear uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Castelli
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Danilo Piobbico
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | - Cinzia Brunacci
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Stefania Pieroni
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Daniela Bartoli
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale (C.U.R.Ge.F.)University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale (C.U.R.Ge.F.)University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic TargetsIRCCS – Regina Elena National Cancer InstituteRomeItaly
| | | | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale (C.U.R.Ge.F.)University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
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Derech-Haim S, Friedman Y, Hizi A, Bakhanashvili M. p53 regulates its own expression by an intrinsic exoribonuclease activity through AU-rich elements. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:437-449. [PMID: 32016559 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The onco-suppressor p53 protein plays also an important role in the control of various aspects of health and disease. p53 levels are low in normal cells and elevated under stress conditions. While low levels of p53 promote tumor formation, overactive p53 leads to premature aging and cell death. RNA degradation is a critical level of regulation contributing to the control of gene expression. p53, as an RNA-binding protein, exerts 3' → 5' exoribonuclease activity, mediating degradation of adenylate/uridylate-rich elements (ARE)-containing ssRNAs. The 3'-UTR of p53-mRNA, which is a target of p53 itself, harbors cis-acting AREs. Our results suggest that p53 controls its own expression through murine double-minute 2 (mdm2)-independent "RNA decay" function in cytoplasm. We demonstrate that p53 expresses an exoribonuclease activity through the binding to ARE sequences of p53-mRNA via translation-independent and translation-dependent polysome-associated pathways. Antagonistic interplay was detected between p53 levels and execution of its exoribonuclease function mirrored in low p53 levels in normal cells, due to the efficient exoribonuclease activity, and in the accumulation of p53 in cells exposed to p53-activating drugs in accordance with the reduced exoribonuclease activity. Apparently, p53, via control of its own mRNA stability and/or translation in cytoplasm, might act as a negative regulator of p53-mRNA levels. The observed connection between exoribonuclease activity and p53 abundance highlights the importance of this function affecting p53 expression, imperative for multiple functions, with implications for the steady-state levels of protein and for the p53 stress response. The modulation in expression of exoribonuclease activity would be translated into the alterations in p53 level. KEY MESSAGES: p53 controls its own expression through mdm2-independent "RNA decay" function in cytoplasm. p53 expresses an exoribonuclease activity through the binding to ARE sequences of p53-mRNA. Antagonistic interplay exists between stress-induced p53 and execution of its exoribonuclease function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Derech-Haim
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, 5265601, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yael Friedman
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Amnon Hizi
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mary Bakhanashvili
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, 5265601, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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Molecular Determinants of Cancer Therapy Resistance to HDAC Inhibitor-Induced Autophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010109. [PMID: 31906235 PMCID: PMC7016854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylation inhibitors (HDACi) offer high potential for future cancer therapy as they can re-establish the expression of epigenetically silenced cell death programs. HDACi-induced autophagy offers the possibility to counteract the frequently present apoptosis-resistance as well as stress conditions of cancer cells. Opposed to the function of apoptosis and necrosis however, autophagy activated in cancer cells can engage in a tumor-suppressive or tumor-promoting manner depending on mostly unclarified factors. As a physiological adaption to apoptosis resistance in early phases of tumorigenesis, autophagy seems to resume a tumorsuppressive role that confines tumor necrosis and inflammation or even induces cell death in malignant cells. During later stages of tumor development, chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy seems to be reprogrammed by the cancer cell to prevent its elimination and support tumor progression. Consistently, HDACi-mediated activation of autophagy seems to exert a protective function that prevents the induction of apoptotic or necrotic cell death in cancer cells. Thus, resistance to HDACi-induced cell death is often encountered in various types of cancer as well. The current review highlights the different mechanisms of HDACi-elicited autophagy and corresponding possible molecular determinants of therapeutic resistance in cancer.
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Lewinska A, Adamczyk-Grochala J, Bloniarz D, Olszowka J, Kulpa-Greszta M, Litwinienko G, Tomaszewska A, Wnuk M, Pazik R. AMPK-mediated senolytic and senostatic activity of quercetin surface functionalized Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles during oxidant-induced senescence in human fibroblasts. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101337. [PMID: 31622846 PMCID: PMC6812309 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence may contribute to aging and age-related diseases and senolytic drugs that selectively kill senescent cells may delay aging and promote healthspan. More recently, several categories of senolytics have been established, namely HSP90 inhibitors, Bcl-2 family inhibitors and natural compounds such as quercetin and fisetin. However, senolytic and senostatic potential of nanoparticles and surface-modified nanoparticles has never been addressed. In the present study, quercetin surface functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPQ) were synthesized and their senolytic and senostatic activity was evaluated during oxidative stress-induced senescence in human fibroblasts in vitro. MNPQ promoted AMPK activity that was accompanied by non-apoptotic cell death and decreased number of stress-induced senescent cells (senolytic action) and the suppression of senescence-associated proinflammatory response (decreased levels of secreted IL-8 and IFN-β, senostatic action). In summary, we have shown for the first time that MNPQ may be considered as promising candidates for senolytic- and senostatic-based anti-aging therapies. Quercetin surface functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (MNPQ) were synthesized. MNPQ eliminated hydrogen peroxide-induced senescent human fibroblasts. MNPQ limited senescence-associated proinflammatory responses. Senotherapeutic action of MNPQ was accompanied by increased activity of AMPK. MNPQ may be useful for senolytic- and senostatic-based anti-aging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lewinska
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jagoda Adamczyk-Grochala
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Dominika Bloniarz
- Department of Perinatology, Institute of Midwifery and Medical Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 6, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jakub Olszowka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulpa-Greszta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstancow Warszawy 12, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Anna Tomaszewska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Robert Pazik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.
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Steels A, Vannevel L, Zwaenepoel O, Gettemans J. Nb-induced stabilisation of p53 in HPV-infected cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12680. [PMID: 31481667 PMCID: PMC6722090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is caused by a persistent infection of the mucosal epithelia with high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs). The viral oncoprotein E6 is responsible for the inactivation of the tumour suppressor p53 and thus plays a crucial role in HPV-induced tumorigenesis. The viral E6 protein forms a trimeric complex with the endogenous E3 ubiquitine ligase E6AP and the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of p53, which results in the polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of p53. We have developed nanobodies (Nbs) against the DBD of p53, which substantially stabilise p53 in HeLa cells. The observed effect is specific for HPV-infected cells, since similar effects were not seen for U2OS cells. Despite the fact that the stabilised p53 was strongly nuclear enriched, its tumour suppressive functions were hampered. We argue that the absence of a tumour suppressive effect is caused by inhibition of p53 transactivation in both HPV-infected and HPV-negative cells. The inactivation of the transcriptional activity of p53 was associated with an increased cellular proliferation and viability of HeLa cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that p53 DBD Nbs positively affect protein stability whilst adversely affecting protein function, attesting to their ability to modulate protein properties in a very subtle manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Steels
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Vannevel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Zwaenepoel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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50
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Liu Y, Tavana O, Gu W. p53 modifications: exquisite decorations of the powerful guardian. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:564-577. [PMID: 31282934 PMCID: PMC6736412 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The last 40 years have witnessed how p53 rose from a viral binding protein to a central factor in both stress responses and tumor suppression. The exquisite regulation of p53 functions is of vital importance for cell fate decisions. Among the multiple layers of mechanisms controlling p53 function, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) represent an efficient and precise way. Major p53 PTMs include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and methylation. Meanwhile, other PTMs like sumoylation, neddylation, O-GlcNAcylation, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation, hydroxylation, and β-hydroxybutyrylation are also shown to play various roles in p53 regulation. By independent action or interaction, PTMs affect p53 stability, conformation, localization, and binding partners. Deregulation of the PTM-related pathway is among the major causes of p53-associated developmental disorders or diseases, especially in cancers. This review focuses on the roles of different p53 modification types and shows how these modifications are orchestrated to produce various outcomes by modulating p53 activities or targeted to treat different diseases caused by p53 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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