1
|
Galkin M, Priss A, Kyriukha Y, Shvadchak V. Navigating α-Synuclein Aggregation Inhibition: Methods, Mechanisms, and Molecular Targets. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300282. [PMID: 37919046 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a yet incurable, age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the aggregation of small neuronal protein α-synuclein into amyloid fibrils. Inhibition of this process is a prospective strategy for developing a disease-modifying treatment. We overview here small molecule, peptide, and protein inhibitors of α-synuclein fibrillization reported to date. Special attention was paid to the specificity of inhibitors and critical analysis of their action mechanisms. Namely, the importance of oxidation of polyphenols and cross-linking of α-synuclein into inhibitory dimers was highlighted. We also compared strategies of targeting monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar α-synuclein species, thoroughly discussed the strong and weak sides of different approaches to testing the inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Galkin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anastasiia Priss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yevhenii Kyriukha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - Volodymyr Shvadchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lantz C, Lopez J, Goring AK, Zenaidee MA, Biggs K, Whitelegge JP, Ogorzalek Loo RR, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Bitan G, Loo JA. Characterization of Molecular Tweezer Binding on α-Synuclein with Native Top-Down Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Reveals a Mechanism for Aggregation Inhibition. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2739-2747. [PMID: 37936057 PMCID: PMC10959575 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disease that affects 15 million people worldwide, is characterized by deposition of α-synuclein into Lewy Bodies in brain neurons. Although this disease is prevalent worldwide, a therapy or cure has yet to be found. Several small compounds have been reported to disrupt fibril formation. Among these compounds is a molecular tweezer known as CLR01 that targets lysine and arginine residues. This study aims to characterize how CLR01 interacts with various proteoforms of α-synuclein and how the structure of α-synuclein is subsequently altered. Native mass spectrometry (nMS) measurements of α-synuclein/CLR01 complexes reveal that multiple CLR01 molecules can bind to α-synuclein proteoforms such as α-synuclein phosphorylated at Ser-129 and α-synuclein bound with copper and manganese ions. The binding of one CLR01 molecule shifts the ability for α-synuclein to bind other ligands. Electron capture dissociation (ECD) with Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) top-down (TD) mass spectrometry of α-synuclein/CLR01 complexes pinpoints the locations of the modifications on each proteoform and reveals that CLR01 binds to the N-terminal region of α-synuclein. CLR01 binding compacts the gas-phase structure of α-synuclein, as shown by ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS). These data suggest that when multiple CLR01 molecules bind, the N-terminus of α-synuclein shifts toward a more compact state. This compaction suggests a mechanism for CLR01 halting the formation of oligomers and fibrils involved in many neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carter Lantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jaybree Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Andrew K. Goring
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Muhammad A. Zenaidee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Karl Biggs
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Julian P. Whitelegge
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Rachel R. Ogorzalek Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | | | - Thomas Schrader
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gal Bitan
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Development of Small Molecules Targeting α-Synuclein Aggregation: A Promising Strategy to Treat Parkinson’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030839. [PMID: 36986700 PMCID: PMC10059018 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, is characterized by the accumulation of protein deposits in the dopaminergic neurons. These deposits are primarily composed of aggregated forms of α-Synuclein (α-Syn). Despite the extensive research on this disease, only symptomatic treatments are currently available. However, in recent years, several compounds, mainly of an aromatic character, targeting α-Syn self-assembly and amyloid formation have been identified. These compounds, discovered by different approaches, are chemically diverse and exhibit a plethora of mechanisms of action. This work aims to provide a historical overview of the physiopathology and molecular aspects associated with Parkinson’s disease and the current trends in small compound development to target α-Syn aggregation. Although these molecules are still under development, they constitute an important step toward discovering effective anti-aggregational therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
|
4
|
Review on the interactions between dopamine metabolites and α-Synuclein in causing Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105461. [PMID: 36460239 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by an abnormal post-translational modifications (PTM) in amino acid sequence and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) protein. It is generally believed that dopamine (DA) metabolite in dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons promotes the aggregation of toxic α-Syn oligomers and protofibrils, whereas DA inhibits the formation of toxic fibers and even degrades the toxic fibers. Therefore, the study on interaction between DA metabolites and α-Syn oligomers is one of the current hot topics in neuroscience, because this effect may have direct relevance to the selective DAergic neuron loss in PD. Several mechanisms have been reported for DA metabolites induced α-Syn oligomers viz. i) The reactive oxygen species (ROS) released during the auto-oxidation or enzymatic oxidation of DA changes the structure of α-Syn by the oxidation of amino acid residue leading to misfolding, ii) The oxidized DA metabolites directly interact with α-Syn through covalent or non-covalent bonding leading to the formation of oligomers, iii) DA interacts with lipid or autophagy related proteins to decreases the degradation efficiency of α-Syn aggregates. However, there is no clear-cut mechanism proposed for the interaction between DA and α-Syn. However, it is believed that the lysine (Lys) side chain of α-Syn sequence is the initial trigger site for the oligomer formation. Herein, we review different chemical mechanism involved during the interaction of Lys side chain of α-Syn with DA metabolites such as dopamine-o-quinone (DAQ), dopamine-chrome (DAC), dopamine-aldehyde (DOPAL) and neuromelanin. This review also provides the promotive effect of divalent Cu2+ ions on DA metabolites induced α-Syn oligomers and its inhibition effect by antioxidant glutathione (GSH).
Collapse
|
5
|
Neuronal Oxidative Stress Promotes α-Synuclein Aggregation In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122466. [PMID: 36552674 PMCID: PMC9774295 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both genetic and environmental factors increase risk for Parkinson's disease. Many of the known genetic factors influence α-synuclein aggregation or degradation, whereas most of the identified environmental factors produce oxidative stress. Studies using in vitro approaches have identified mechanisms by which oxidative stress can accelerate the formation of α-synuclein aggregates, but there is a paucity of evidence supporting the importance of these processes over extended time periods in brain. To assess this issue, we evaluated α-synuclein aggregates in brains of three transgenic mouse strains: hSyn mice, which overexpress human α-synuclein in neurons and spontaneously develop α-synuclein aggregates; EAAT3-/- mice, which exhibit a neuron-specific impairment in cysteine uptake and resultant neuron-selective chronic oxidative stress; and double-transgenic hSyn/EAAT3-/- mice. Aggregate formation was evaluated by quantitative immunohistochemistry for phosphoserine 129 α-synuclein and by an α-synuclein proximity ligation assay. Both methods showed that the double transgenic hSyn/EAAT3-/- mice exhibited a significantly higher α-synuclein aggregate density than littermate hSyn mice in each brain region examined. Negligible aggregate formation was observed in the EAAT3-/- mouse strain, suggesting a synergistic rather than additive interaction between the two genotypes. A similar pattern of results was observed in assessments of motor function: the pole test and rotarod test. Together, these observations indicate that chronic, low-grade neuronal oxidative stress promotes α-synuclein aggregate formation in vivo. This process may contribute to the mechanism by which environmentally induced oxidative stress contributes to α-synuclein pathology in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tarrago L, Kaya A, Kim HY, Manta B, Lee BC, Gladyshev VN. The selenoprotein methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MSRB1). Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:228-240. [PMID: 36084791 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) can be oxidized to methionine sulfoxide (MetO), which exist as R- and S-diastereomers. Present in all three domains of life, methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSR) are the enzymes that reduce MetO back to Met. Most characterized among them are MSRA and MSRB, which are strictly stereospecific for the S- and R-diastereomers of MetO, respectively. While the majority of MSRs use a catalytic Cys to reduce their substrates, some employ selenocysteine. This is the case of mammalian MSRB1, which was initially discovered as selenoprotein SELR or SELX and later was found to exhibit an MSRB activity. Genomic analyses demonstrated its occurrence in most animal lineages, and biochemical and structural analyses uncovered its catalytic mechanism. The use of transgenic mice and mammalian cell culture revealed its physiological importance in the protection against oxidative stress, maintenance of neuronal cells, cognition, cancer cell proliferation, and the immune response. Coincident with the discovery of Met oxidizing MICAL enzymes, recent findings of MSRB1 regulating the innate immunity response through reversible stereospecific Met-R-oxidation of cytoskeletal actin opened up new avenues for biological importance of MSRB1 and its role in disease. In this review, we discuss the current state of research on MSRB1, compare it with other animal Msrs, and offer a perspective on further understanding of biological functions of this selenoprotein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Tarrago
- UMR 1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Hwa-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruno Manta
- Laboratorio de Genomica Microbiana, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11440, Montevideo, Uruguay; Catedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República, Las Heras 1925, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Byung-Cheon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Raha S, Dutta D, Roy A, Pahan K. Reduction of Lewy Body Pathology by Oral Cinnamon. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:592-608. [PMID: 32889602 PMCID: PMC7933354 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α-Synucleinopathies in a broader sense comprise of several neurodegenerative disorders that primarily include Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). These disorders are well characterized by the accumulation of aggregated insoluble α-synuclein (α-syn) protein known as Lewy bodies. Till date no effective cure is available to reduce the burden of Lewy body. The present investigation underlines the importance of a naturally used spice and flavoring agent viz. cinnamon in reducing α-syn deposits in transgenic mice expressing mutant A53T human α-syn. Upon oral administration, cinnamon markedly reduced the level of insoluble α-syn in nigra, hippocampus and brain stem of A53T mice. We also demonstrated that sodium benzoate (NaB), a metabolite of cinnamon, a widely used food additive and a FDA-approved drug for glycine encephalopathy, was also capable of reducing α-syn deposits in A53T mice. In addition, both cinnamon and NaB treatments showed improvement in their motor and cognitive functions. Glial activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders including PD, DLB and MSA, and we found suppression of microglial and astroglial activation in the nigra of A53T mice upon cinnamon treatment. Moreover, neuroprotective proteins like DJ-1 and Parkin are known to reduce the formation of Lewy bodies in the CNS. Accordingly, we observed upregulation and/or normalization of DJ-1 and Parkin in the nigra of A53T mice by treatment with cinnamon and NaB. Together, these results highlight a new therapeutic property of cinnamon and suggest that cinnamon and NaB may be used to halt the progression of α-synucleinopathies.Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Raha
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison St, Suite 310, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison St, Suite 310, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Avik Roy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison St, Suite 310, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison St, Suite 310, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luise A, De Cecco E, Ponzini E, Sollazzo M, Mauri P, Sobott F, Legname G, Grandori R, Santambrogio C. Profiling Dopamine-Induced Oxidized Proteoforms of β-synuclein by Top-Down Mass Spectrometry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060893. [PMID: 34206096 PMCID: PMC8226665 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of multiple proteoforms by post-translational modifications (PTMs) enables a single protein to acquire distinct functional roles in its biological context. Oxidation of methionine residues (Met) is a common PTM, involved in physiological (e.g., signaling) and pathological (e.g., oxidative stress) states. This PTM typically maps at multiple protein sites, generating a heterogeneous population of proteoforms with specific biophysical and biochemical properties. The identification and quantitation of the variety of oxidized proteoforms originated under a given condition is required to assess the exact molecular nature of the species responsible for the process under investigation. In this work, the binding and oxidation of human β-synuclein (BS) by dopamine (DA) has been explored. Native mass spectrometry (MS) has been employed to analyze the interaction of BS with DA. In a second step, top-down fragmentation of the intact protein from denaturing conditions has been performed to identify and quantify the distinct proteoforms generated by DA-induced oxidation. The analysis of isobaric proteoforms is approached by a combination of electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) at each extent of modification, quantitation of methionine-containing fragments and combinatorial analysis of the fragmentation products by multiple linear regression. This procedure represents a promising approach to systematic assessment of proteoforms variety and their relative abundance. The method can be adapted, in principle, to any protein containing any number of methionine residues, allowing for a full structural characterization of the protein oxidation states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Luise
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena De Cecco
- Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erika Ponzini
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Sollazzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - PierLuigi Mauri
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Frank Sobott
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
- ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita Grandori
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Santambrogio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Teng JS, Ooi YY, Chye SM, Ling APK, Koh RY. Immunotherapies for Parkinson's disease: Progression of Clinical Development. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:802-813. [PMID: 34042040 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210526160926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease affecting the movement and wellbeing of most elderlies. The manifestations of Parkinson's disease often include resting tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia and muscular rigidity. The typical hallmark of Parkinson's disease is the destruction of neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies in different compartments of the central nervous system. Due to various limitations to the currently available treatments, immunotherapies have emerged to be the new approach to Parkinson's disease treatment. This approach shows some positive outcomes on the efficacy in removing the aggregated species of alpha-synuclein, which is believed to be one of the causes of Parkinson's disease. In this review, an overview of how alpha-synuclein contributes to Parkinson's disease and the effects of a few new immunotherapeutic treatments, including BIIB054 (cinpanemab), MEDI1341, AFFITOPE and PRX002 (prasinezumab) that are currently under clinical development, will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jet Shee Teng
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hayashi J, Ton J, Negi S, Stephens DEKM, Pountney DL, Preiss T, Carver JA. The Effect of Oxidized Dopamine on the Structure and Molecular Chaperone Function of the Small Heat-Shock Proteins, αB-Crystallin and Hsp27. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073700. [PMID: 33918165 PMCID: PMC8037807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of the neurotransmitter, dopamine (DA), is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Oxidized DA forms adducts with proteins which can alter their functionality. αB-crystallin and Hsp27 are intracellular, small heat-shock molecular chaperone proteins (sHsps) which form the first line of defense to prevent protein aggregation under conditions of cellular stress. In vitro, the effects of oxidized DA on the structure and function of αB-crystallin and Hsp27 were investigated. Oxidized DA promoted the cross-linking of αB-crystallin and Hsp27 to form well-defined dimer, trimer, tetramer, etc., species, as monitored by SDS-PAGE. Lysine residues were involved in the cross-links. The secondary structure of the sHsps was not altered significantly upon cross-linking with oxidized DA but their oligomeric size was increased. When modified with a molar equivalent of DA, sHsp chaperone functionality was largely retained in preventing both amorphous and amyloid fibrillar aggregation, including fibril formation of mutant (A53T) α-synuclein, a protein whose aggregation is associated with autosomal PD. In the main, higher levels of sHsp modification with DA led to a reduction in chaperone effectiveness. In vivo, DA is sequestered into acidic vesicles to prevent its oxidation and, intracellularly, oxidation is minimized by mM levels of the antioxidant, glutathione. In vitro, acidic pH and glutathione prevented the formation of oxidized DA-induced cross-linking of the sHsps. Oxidized DA-modified αB-crystallin and Hsp27 were not cytotoxic. In a cellular context, retention of significant chaperone functionality by mildly oxidized DA-modified sHsps would contribute to proteostasis by preventing protein aggregation (particularly of α-synuclein) that is associated with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junna Hayashi
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.H.); (J.T.); (S.N.); (D.E.K.M.S.)
| | - Jennifer Ton
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.H.); (J.T.); (S.N.); (D.E.K.M.S.)
| | - Sparsh Negi
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.H.); (J.T.); (S.N.); (D.E.K.M.S.)
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Daniel E. K. M. Stephens
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.H.); (J.T.); (S.N.); (D.E.K.M.S.)
| | - Dean L. Pountney
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia;
| | - Thomas Preiss
- Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia;
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - John A. Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.H.); (J.T.); (S.N.); (D.E.K.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6125-9748
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ramis R, Ortega-Castro J, Vilanova B, Adrover M, Frau J. Cu 2+, Ca 2+, and methionine oxidation expose the hydrophobic α-synuclein NAC domain. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:251-263. [PMID: 33345970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein whose aggregation is related to Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Metal cations are one of the main factors affecting the propensity of α-synuclein to aggregate, either by directly binding to it or by catalyzing the production of reactive oxygen species that oxidize it. His50, Asp121 and several additional C-terminal α-synuclein residues are binding sites for numerous metal cations, while methionine sulfoxidation occurs readily on this protein under oxidative stress conditions. Molecular dynamics simulations are an excellent tool to obtain a microscopic picture of how metal binding or methionine sulfoxidation alter the conformational preferences of α-synuclein and, hence, its aggregation propensity. In this work, we report the first coarse-grained molecular dynamics study comparing the conformational ensembles of the native protein, the protein bound to either Cu2+ or Ca2+ at its main binding sites, and the methionine-sulfoxidized protein. Our results suggest that these events alter the transient α-synuclein intramolecular contacts, inducing a greater solvent exposure of its hydrophobic, aggregation-prone NAC domain, in full agreement with a recent experimental study on Ca2+ binding. Moreover, metal-binding residues directly participate in the long-range contacts that shield this domain and regulate α-synuclein aggregation. These results provide a molecular-level rationalization of the enhanced fibrillation experimentally observed in the presence of Cu2+ or Ca2+ and the oligomerization induced by methionine sulfoxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ramis
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Cièencies de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07020 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ortega-Castro
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Cièencies de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07020 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Bartolomé Vilanova
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Cièencies de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07020 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Cièencies de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07020 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juan Frau
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Cièencies de la Salut (IUNICS), Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07020 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pivotal Role of Fyn Kinase in Parkinson's Disease and Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia: a Novel Therapeutic Target? Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1372-1391. [PMID: 33175322 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The exact etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains obscure, although many cellular mechanisms including α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative damage, excessive neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis are implicated in its pathogenesis. There is still no disease-modifying treatment for PD and the gold standard therapy, chronic use of levodopa is usually accompanied by severe side effects, mainly levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Hence, the elucidation of the precise underlying molecular mechanisms is of paramount importance. Fyn is a tyrosine phospho-transferase of the Src family nonreceptor kinases that is highly implicated in immune regulation, cell proliferation and normal brain development. Accumulating preclinical evidence highlights the emerging role of Fyn in key aspects of PD and LID pathogenesis: it may regulate α-synuclein phosphorylation, oxidative stress-induced dopaminergic neuronal death, enhanced neuroinflammation and glutamate excitotoxicity by mediating key signaling pathways, such as BDNF/TrkB, PKCδ, MAPK, AMPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, and NMDAR axes. These findings suggest that therapeutic targeting of Fyn or Fyn-related pathways may represent a novel approach in PD treatment. Saracatinib, a nonselective Fyn inhibitor, has already been tested in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease, and novel selective Fyn inhibitors are under investigation. In this comprehensive review, we discuss recent evidence on the role of Fyn in the pathogenesis of PD and LID and provide insights on additional Fyn-related molecular mechanisms to be explored in PD and LID pathology that could aid in the development of future Fyn-targeted therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of rosmarinic acid on nervous system disorders: an updated review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:1779-1795. [PMID: 32725282 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the worldwide interest is growing to use medicinal plants and their active constituents to develop new potent medicines with fewer side effects. Precise dietary compounds have prospective beneficial applications for various neurodegenerative ailments. Rosmarinic acid is a polyphenol and is detectable most primarily in many Lamiaceae families, for instance, Rosmarinus officinalis also called rosemary. This review prepared a broad and updated literature review on rosmarinic acid elucidating its biological activities on some nervous system disorders. Rosmarinic acid has significant antinociceptive, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative effects. In this regard, we classified and discussed our findings in different nervous system disorders including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, depression, Huntington's disease, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, spinal cord injury, stress, anxiety, and pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao H, Huang S, Palanisamy S, Wang C, Rainer G, Zhang X. Alpha-Synuclein Dopaminylation Presented in Plasma of Both Healthy Subjects and Parkinson's Disease Patients. Proteomics Clin Appl 2020; 14:e1900117. [PMID: 32538547 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) dopaminylation can lead to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the brain and is a risk factor of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aims to examine whether such a posttranslational modification (PTM) is presented in human blood plasma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro reaction simulation between α-syn and dopamine (DA) is conducted to study the biochemical mechanism. Then α-syn from human blood plasma samples is detected by using immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS). Lastly the levels of endogenous α-syn and α-syn dopaminylation in 88 blood plasma samples from patients with PD, major depressive disorder (MDD), and healthy control (HC) are compared. RESULTS DA modifies α-syn with the addition of dopamine-quinone (DAQ) into lysine sites of α-syn in vitro and the addition of DAQ and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) in plasma samples. The unmodified α-syn between the PD and HC groups showed similar levels. The levels of two peptides, one with lysine 34 (34 K) DAQ modification and the other with lysine 23 (23 K) ubiquitination, are significantly higher in PD and MDD compared with HC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Thus, α-syn dopaminylation is measurable and might be used to indicatethe presence and progression of neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zhao
- Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, CH1700, Switzerland.,Division of Biological Technology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, China, 116023
| | - Shuai Huang
- Division of Biological Technology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, China, 116023
| | - Sivakumar Palanisamy
- Division of Biological Technology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, China, 116023
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian, China, 116033
| | - Gregor Rainer
- Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, CH1700, Switzerland
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- Division of Biological Technology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, China, 116023
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The pROS of Autophagy in Neuronal Health. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2546-2559. [PMID: 32006535 PMCID: PMC7232022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy refers to a set of catabolic pathways that together facilitate degradation of superfluous, damaged and toxic cellular components. The most studied type of autophagy, called macroautophagy, involves membrane mobilisation, cargo engulfment and trafficking of the newly formed autophagic vesicle to the recycling organelle, the lysosome. Macroautophagy responds to a variety of intra- and extra-cellular stress conditions including, but not limited to, pathogen intrusion, oxygen or nutrient starvation, proteotoxic and organelle stress, and elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly reactive oxygen molecules that can interact with cellular macromolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) to either modify their activity or, when released in excess, inflict irreversible damage. Although increased ROS release has long been recognised for its involvement in macroautophagy activation, the underlying mechanisms and the wider impact of ROS-mediated macroautophagy stimulation remain incompletely understood. We therefore discuss the growing body of evidence that describes the variety of mechanisms modulated by ROS that trigger cytoprotective detoxification via macroautophagy. We outline the role of ROS in signalling upstream of autophagy initiation, by increased gene expression and post-translational modifications of transcription factors, and in the formation and nucleation of autophagic vesicles by cysteine modification of conserved autophagy proteins including ATG4B, ATG7 and ATG3. Furthermore, we review the effect of ROS on selective forms of macroautophagy, specifically on cargo recognition by autophagy receptor proteins p62 and NBR1 (neighbour of BRCA1) and the recycling of mitochondria (mitophagy), and peroxisomes (pexophagy). Finally, we highlight both, the standalone and mutual contributions of abnormal ROS signalling and macroautophagy to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. ROS are messengers that modify protein activity by PTMs. ROS-mediated PTMs regulate activity and specificity of autophagy proteins. Increase in autophagy mediates rapid clearance of oxidised cargo and ROS sources. The importance of ROS-mediated autophagy is highlighted in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
16
|
Iron Redox Chemistry and Implications in the Parkinson's Disease Brain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4609702. [PMID: 31687080 PMCID: PMC6803728 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4609702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked with cellular inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain that are enriched in the misfolded presynaptic protein α-synuclein (αS) and death of the dopaminergic neurons. Brain iron homeostasis governs both neurotransmission and neurodegeneration; hence, the role of iron in PD progression and neuronal health is apparent. Elevated iron deposits become prevalent in the cerebral region upon aging and even more so in the PD brain. Structural as well as oxidative modifications can result from coordination of αS with redox active iron, which could have functional and/or pathological implications. In this review, we will discuss iron-mediated αS aggregation, alterations in iron metabolism, and the role of the iron-dopamine couple. Moreover, iron interactions with N-terminally acetylated αS, the physiologically relevant form of the human protein, will be addressed to shed light on the current understanding of protein dynamics and the physiological environment in the disease state. Oxidative pathways and biochemical alterations resulting from aberrant iron-induced chemistry are the principal focus of this review in order to highlight the plethora of research that has uncovered this emerging dichotomy of iron playing both functional and disruptive roles in PD pathology.
Collapse
|
17
|
Weihofen A, Liu Y, Arndt JW, Huy C, Quan C, Smith BA, Baeriswyl JL, Cavegn N, Senn L, Su L, Marsh G, Auluck PK, Montrasio F, Nitsch RM, Hirst WD, Cedarbaum JM, Pepinsky RB, Grimm J, Weinreb PH. Development of an aggregate-selective, human-derived α-synuclein antibody BIIB054 that ameliorates disease phenotypes in Parkinson's disease models. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 124:276-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
18
|
Matsuo K, Cheng A, Yabuki Y, Takahata I, Miyachi H, Fukunaga K. Inhibition of MPTP-induced α-synuclein oligomerization by fatty acid-binding protein 3 ligand in MPTP-treated mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 150:164-174. [PMID: 30930168 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) triggers dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). This pathological event is partly facilitated by the presence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), including arachidonic acid. The intracellular transport and metabolism of LC-PUFAs are mediated by fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). We previously reported that heart-type FABP (FABP3) interacts with αSyn, thereby promoting αSyn oligomerization in DAergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) following 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. This αSyn oligomerization is prevented in Fabp3 gene knock out mice. We document a novel FABP3 ligand, MF1 (4-(2-(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy)butanoic acid), that inhibits αSyn accumulation in DA neurons, thereby inhibiting the oligomerization of αSyn, loss of DAergic neurons, and PD-like motor deficits in MPTP-treated mice. Chronic oral administration of MF1 (0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg/day) significantly improved motor impairments and inhibited MPTP-induced accumulation and oligomerization of αSyn in the SNpc, and in turn prevented loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in the SNpc. MF1 administration (0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg/day) also restored MPTP-induced cognitive impairments. Although chronic administration of l-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxl-l-phenylalanine; 25 mg/kg/day, i.p.) also improved motor deficits, it failed to improve the cognitive impairments. In addition, l-DOPA failed to inhibit DAergic neuronal loss and αSyn pathologies in the SNpc. In summary, the novel FABP3 ligand MF1 rescues MPTP-induced behavioural and neuropathological features, suggesting that MF1 may be a disease-modifying drug candidate for synucleinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Matsuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - An Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ibuki Takahata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Lead Exploration Unit, Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Monzani E, Nicolis S, Dell'Acqua S, Capucciati A, Bacchella C, Zucca FA, Mosharov EV, Sulzer D, Zecca L, Casella L. Dopamin, oxidativer Stress und Protein‐Chinonmodifikationen bei Parkinson und anderen neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Monzani
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pavia 27100 Pavia Italien
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio A. Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical TechnologiesNational Research Council of Italy Segrate (Mailand) Italien
| | - Eugene V. Mosharov
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY USA
- Departments Neurology, PharmacologyColumbia University Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY USA
- Departments Neurology, PharmacologyColumbia University Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical TechnologiesNational Research Council of Italy Segrate (Mailand) Italien
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY USA
| | - Luigi Casella
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pavia 27100 Pavia Italien
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Monzani E, Nicolis S, Dell'Acqua S, Capucciati A, Bacchella C, Zucca FA, Mosharov EV, Sulzer D, Zecca L, Casella L. Dopamine, Oxidative Stress and Protein-Quinone Modifications in Parkinson's and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6512-6527. [PMID: 30536578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is the most important catecholamine in the brain, as it is the most abundant and the precursor of other neurotransmitters. Degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta in Parkinson's disease represents the best-studied link between DA neurotransmission and neuropathology. Catecholamines are reactive molecules that are handled through complex control and transport systems. Under normal conditions, small amounts of cytosolic DA are converted to neuromelanin in a stepwise process involving melanization of peptides and proteins. However, excessive cytosolic or extraneuronal DA can give rise to nonselective protein modifications. These reactions involve DA oxidation to quinone species and depend on the presence of redox-active transition metal ions such as iron and copper. Other oxidized DA metabolites likely participate in post-translational protein modification. Thus, protein-quinone modification is a heterogeneous process involving multiple DA-derived residues that produce structural and conformational changes of proteins and can lead to aggregation and inactivation of the modified proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Monzani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Nicolis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Bacchella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate (Milano), Italy
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate (Milano), Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luigi Casella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ganguly U, Ganguly A, Sen O, Ganguly G, Cappai R, Sahoo A, Chakrabarti S. Dopamine Cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y Cells: Involvement of α-Synuclein and Relevance in the Neurodegeneration of Sporadic Parkinson’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:898-907. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-0001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
22
|
Ponzini E, De Palma A, Cerboni L, Natalello A, Rossi R, Moons R, Konijnenberg A, Narkiewicz J, Legname G, Sobott F, Mauri P, Santambrogio C, Grandori R. Methionine oxidation in α-synuclein inhibits its propensity for ordered secondary structure. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5657-5665. [PMID: 30755483 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (AS) is an intrinsically disordered protein highly expressed in dopaminergic neurons. Its amyloid aggregates are the major component of Lewy bodies, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). AS is particularly exposed to oxidation of its methionine residues, both in vivo and in vitro Oxidative stress has been implicated in PD and oxidized α-synuclein has been shown to assemble into soluble, toxic oligomers, rather than amyloid fibrils. However, the structural effects of methionine oxidation are still poorly understood. In this work, oxidized AS was obtained by prolonged incubations with dopamine (DA) or epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), two inhibitors of AS aggregation, indicating that EGCG promotes the same final oxidation product as DA. The conformational transitions of the oxidized and non-oxidized protein were monitored by complementary biophysical techniques, including MS, ion mobility (IM), CD, and FTIR spectroscopy assays. Although the two variants displayed very similar structures under conditions that stabilize highly disordered or highly ordered states, differences emerged in the intermediate points of transitions induced by organic solvents, such as trifluoroethanol (TFE) and methanol (MeOH), indicating a lower propensity of the oxidized protein for forming either α- or β-type secondary structures. Furthermore, oxidized AS displayed restricted secondary-structure transitions in response to dehydration and slightly amplified tertiary-structure transitions induced by ligand binding. This difference in susceptibility to induced folding could explain the loss of fibrillation potential observed for oxidized AS. Finally, site-specific oxidation kinetics point out a minor delay in Met-127 modification, likely due to the effects of AS intrinsic structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ponzini
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella De Palma
- the Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Cerboni
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Rossi
- the Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Rani Moons
- the Biomolecular and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Albert Konijnenberg
- the Biomolecular and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joanna Narkiewicz
- the Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) and ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- the Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) and ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Frank Sobott
- the Biomolecular and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,the School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, United Kingdom, and.,the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - PierLuigi Mauri
- the Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Santambrogio
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy,
| | - Rita Grandori
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Coelho-Cerqueira E, de Araújo Correia Campos C, Follmer C. Formation of large oligomers of DOPAL-modified α-synuclein is modulated by the oxidation of methionine residues located at C-terminal domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:367-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
24
|
Oliveri V. Toward the discovery and development of effective modulators of α-synuclein amyloid aggregation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:10-36. [PMID: 30743095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A host of human diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies, are suspected to be directly linked to protein aggregation. Amyloid protein aggregates and oligomeric intermediates of α-synuclein are observed in synucleinopathies and considered to be mediators of cellular toxicity. Hence, α-synuclein has seen as one of the leading and most compelling targets and is receiving a great deal of attention from researchers. Nevertheless, there is no neuroprotective approach directed toward Parkinson's disease or other synucleinopathies so far. In this review, we summarize the available data concerning inhibitors of α-synuclein aggregation and their advancing towards clinical use. The compounds are grouped according to their chemical structures, providing respective insights into their mechanism of action, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. Overall, shared structure-activity elements are emerging, as well as specific binding modes related to the ability of the modulators to establish hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds interactions with the protein. Some molecules with encouraging in vivo data support the possibility of translation to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lima VDA, do Nascimento LA, Eliezer D, Follmer C. Role of Parkinson's Disease-Linked Mutations and N-Terminal Acetylation on the Oligomerization of α-Synuclein Induced by 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:690-703. [PMID: 30352158 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the mechanisms by which the presynaptic protein α-synuclein (aSyn) is associated with neurodegeneration of dopamine neurons is a major priority in the Parkinson's disease (PD) field. Studies indicate that DOPAL (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde), an aldehyde generated from the enzymatic oxidation of dopamine, may convert aSyn monomer into a neurotoxin via formation of covalently stabilized toxic oligomers. Herein we investigated the role of N-terminal acetylation and familial aSyn mutations (A30P, A53T, E46K, G51D, and H50Q) on DOPAL-induced oligomerization of the protein. Our results indicate that the wild-type (WT) N-terminally acetylated aSyn (Ac-aSyn) is less prone to form oligomers upon incubation with DOPAL than the non-N-terminally acetylated protein. On the other hand, familial mutants from Ac-aSyn, particularly A53T, E46K, and H50Q increased the formation of DOPAL-derived aSyn oligomers, especially large oligomers. Binding of aSyn to synaptic-like small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) protected distinctive aSyn variants against the effects of DOPAL. While N-terminal acetylation increased the protective action of SUVs against DOPAL-induced aSyn oligomerization, A53T, A30P, and H50Q mutations in Ac-aSyn had an opposite effect. This means that PD-linked mutations may not only perturb the affinity of aSyn for membranes but also influence the formation of DOPAL-mediated oligomers. Overall, our findings provide important evidence for the existence of a connection between familial mutations of aSyn, their distinct affinity to lipid membranes, and the formation of potentially toxic oligomers of the protein mediated by DOPAL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanderlei de Araújo Lima
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alex do Nascimento
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - David Eliezer
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Cristian Follmer
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jęśko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A. The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2019. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
27
|
In vitro neurotoxicity of salsolinol is attenuated by the presynaptic protein α-synuclein. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2835-2845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
28
|
Nam E, Derrick JS, Lee S, Kang J, Han J, Lee SJC, Chung SW, Lim MH. Regulatory Activities of Dopamine and Its Derivatives toward Metal-Free and Metal-Induced Amyloid-β Aggregation, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2655-2666. [PMID: 29782798 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A catecholamine neurotransmitter, dopamine (DA), is suggested to be linked to the pathology of dementia; however, the involvement of DA and its structural analogues in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, composed of multiple pathogenic factors has not been clear. Herein, we report that DA and its rationally designed structural derivatives (1-6) based on DA's oxidative transformation are able to modulate multiple pathological elements found in AD [i.e., metal ions, metal-free amyloid-β (Aβ), metal-bound Aβ (metal-Aβ), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)], with demonstration of detailed molecular-level mechanisms. Our multidisciplinary studies validate that the protective effects of DA and its derivatives on Aβ aggregation and Aβ-mediated toxicity are induced by their oxidative transformation with concomitant ROS generation under aerobic conditions. In particular, DA and the derivatives (i.e., 3 and 4) show their noticeable anti-amyloidogenic ability toward metal-free Aβ and/or metal-Aβ, verified to occur via their oxidative transformation that facilitates Aβ oxidation. Moreover, in primary pan-microglial marker (CD11b)-positive cells, the major producers of inflammatory mediators in the brain, DA and its derivatives significantly diminish inflammation and oxidative stress triggered by lipopolysaccharides and Aβ through the reduced induction of inflammatory mediators as well as upregulated expression of heme oxygenase-1, the enzyme responsible for production of antioxidants. Collectively, we illuminate how DA and its derivatives could prevent multiple pathological features found in AD. The overall studies could advance our understanding regarding distinct roles of neurotransmitters in AD and identify key interactions for alleviation of AD pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey S. Derrick
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Han
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Jung C. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Wol Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
α-Synuclein interacts directly but reversibly with psychosine: implications for α-synucleinopathies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12462. [PMID: 30127535 PMCID: PMC6102231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein, the hallmark of α-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease, occurs in various glycosphingolipidoses. Although α-synuclein aggregation correlates with deficiencies in the lysosomal degradation of glycosphingolipids (GSL), the mechanism(s) involved in this aggregation remains unclear. We previously described the aggregation of α-synuclein in Krabbe’s disease (KD), a neurodegenerative glycosphingolipidosis caused by lysosomal deficiency of galactosyl-ceramidase (GALC) and the accumulation of the GSL psychosine. Here, we used a multi-pronged approach including genetic, biophysical and biochemical techniques to determine the pathogenic contribution, reversibility, and molecular mechanism of aggregation of α-synuclein in KD. While genetic knock-out of α-synuclein reduces, but does not completely prevent, neurological signs in a mouse model of KD, genetic correction of GALC deficiency completely prevents α-synuclein aggregation. We show that psychosine forms hydrophilic clusters and binds the C-terminus of α-synuclein through its amino group and sugar moiety, suggesting that psychosine promotes an open/aggregation-prone conformation of α-synuclein. Dopamine and carbidopa reverse the structural changes of psychosine by mediating a closed/aggregation-resistant conformation of α-synuclein. Our results underscore the therapeutic potential of lysosomal correction and small molecules to reduce neuronal burden in α-synucleinopathies, and provide a mechanistic understanding of α-synuclein aggregation in glycosphingolipidoses.
Collapse
|
30
|
Tiwari MK, Leinisch F, Sahin C, Møller IM, Otzen DE, Davies MJ, Bjerrum MJ. Early events in copper-ion catalyzed oxidation of α-synuclein. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 121:38-50. [PMID: 29689296 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on metal-ion catalyzed oxidation of α-synuclein oxidation have mostly used conditions that result in extensive modification precluding an understanding of the early events in this process. In this study, we have examined time-dependent oxidative events related to α-synuclein modification using six different molar ratios of Cu2+/H2O2/protein and Cu2+/H2O2/ascorbate/protein resulting in mild to moderate extents of oxidation. For a Cu2+/H2O2/protein molar ratio of 2.3:7.8:1 only low levels of carbonyls were detected (0.078 carbonyls per protein), whereas a molar ratio of 4.7:15.6:1 gave 0.22 carbonyls per α-synuclein within 15 min. With the latter conditions, rapid conversion of 3 out of 4 methionines (Met) to methionine sulfoxide, and 2 out of 4 tyrosines (Tyr) were converted to products including inter- and intra-molecular dityrosine cross-links and protein oligomers, as determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Limited histidine (His) modification was observed. The rapid formation of dityrosine cross-links was confirmed by fluorescence and mass-spectrometry. These data indicate that Met and Tyr oxidation are early events in Cu2+/H2O2-mediated damage, with carbonyl formation being a minor process. With the Cu2+/H2O2/ascorbate system, rapid protein carbonyl formation was detected with the first 5 min, but after this time point, little additional carbonyl formation was detected. With this system, lower levels of Met and Tyr oxidation were detected (2 Met and 1 Tyr modified with a Cu2+/H2O2/ascorbate/protein ratio of 2.3:7.8:7.8:1), but greater His oxidation. Only low levels of intra- dityrosine cross-links and no inter- dityrosine oligomers were detected under these conditions, suggesting that ascorbate limits Cu2+/H2O2-induced α-synuclein modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabian Leinisch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cagla Sahin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ian Max Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten J Bjerrum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Alpha-synuclein mitochondrial interaction leads to irreversible translocation and complex I impairment. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 651:1-12. [PMID: 29702063 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
α-synuclein is involved in both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Although its interaction with mitochondria has been well documented, several aspects remains unknown or under debate such as the specific sub-mitochondrial localization or the dynamics of the interaction. It has been suggested that α-synuclein could only interact with ER-associated mitochondria. The vast use of model systems and experimental conditions makes difficult to compare results and extract definitive conclusions. Here we tackle this by analyzing, in a simplified system, the interaction between purified α-synuclein and isolated rat brain mitochondria. This work shows that wild type α-synuclein interacts with isolated mitochondria and translocates into the mitochondrial matrix. This interaction and the irreversibility of α-synuclein translocation depend on incubation time and α-synuclein concentration. FRET experiments show that α-synuclein localizes close to components of the TOM complex suggesting a passive transport of α-synuclein through the outer membrane. In addition, α-synuclein binding alters mitochondrial function at the level of Complex I leading to a decrease in ATP synthesis and an increase of ROS production.
Collapse
|
32
|
The novel compound PBT434 prevents iron mediated neurodegeneration and alpha-synuclein toxicity in multiple models of Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:53. [PMID: 28659169 PMCID: PMC5490188 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated iron in the SNpc may play a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD) neurodegeneration since drug candidates with high iron affinity rescue PD animal models, and one candidate, deferirpone, has shown efficacy recently in a phase two clinical trial. However, strong iron chelators may perturb essential iron metabolism, and it is not yet known whether the damage associated with iron is mediated by a tightly bound (eg ferritin) or lower-affinity, labile, iron pool. Here we report the preclinical characterization of PBT434, a novel quinazolinone compound bearing a moderate affinity metal-binding motif, which is in development for Parkinsonian conditions. In vitro, PBT434 was far less potent than deferiprone or deferoxamine at lowering cellular iron levels, yet was found to inhibit iron-mediated redox activity and iron-mediated aggregation of α-synuclein, a protein that aggregates in the neuropathology. In vivo, PBT434 did not deplete tissue iron stores in normal rodents, yet prevented loss of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons (SNpc), lowered nigral α-synuclein accumulation, and rescued motor performance in mice exposed to the Parkinsonian toxins 6-OHDA and MPTP, and in a transgenic animal model (hA53T α-synuclein) of PD. These improvements were associated with reduced markers of oxidative damage, and increased levels of ferroportin (an iron exporter) and DJ-1. We conclude that compounds designed to target a pool of pathological iron that is not held in high-affinity complexes in the tissue can maintain the survival of SNpc neurons and could be disease-modifying in PD.
Collapse
|
33
|
Duce JA, Wong BX, Durham H, Devedjian JC, Smith DP, Devos D. Post translational changes to α-synuclein control iron and dopamine trafficking; a concept for neuron vulnerability in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:45. [PMID: 28592304 PMCID: PMC5463308 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, the aetiology of which remains elusive. The primary clinical feature of progressively impaired motor control is caused by a loss of midbrain substantia nigra dopamine neurons that have a high α-synuclein (α-syn) and iron content. α-Syn is a neuronal protein that is highly modified post-translationally and central to the Lewy body neuropathology of the disease. This review provides an overview of findings on the role post translational modifications to α-syn have in membrane binding and intracellular vesicle trafficking. Furthermore, we propose a concept in which acetylation and phosphorylation of α-syn modulate endocytic import of iron and vesicle transport of dopamine during normal physiology. Disregulated phosphorylation and oxidation of α-syn mediate iron and dopamine dependent oxidative stress through impaired cellular location and increase propensity for α-syn aggregation. The proposition highlights a connection between α-syn, iron and dopamine, three pathological components associated with disease progression in sporadic Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Duce
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK. .,Oxidation Biology Unit, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Bruce X Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,Oxidation Biology Unit, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah Durham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | | | - David P Smith
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, UK
| | - David Devos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University, INSERM U1171, CHU of Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
De Franceschi G, Fecchio C, Sharon R, Schapira AHV, Proukakis C, Bellotti V, de Laureto PP. α-Synuclein structural features inhibit harmful polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation, suggesting roles in neuroprotection. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6927-6937. [PMID: 28232489 PMCID: PMC5409462 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.765149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (aS) is a protein abundant in presynaptic nerve terminals in Parkinson disease (PD) and is a major component of intracellular Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders such as PD. Accordingly, the relationships between aS structure, its interaction with lipids, and its involvement in neurodegeneration have attracted great interest. Previously, we reported on the interaction of aS with brain polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). aS acquires an α-helical secondary structure in the presence of DHA and, in turn, affects DHA structural and aggregative properties. Moreover, aS forms a covalent adduct with DHA. Here, we provide evidence that His-50 is the main site of this covalent modification. To better understand the role of His-50, we analyzed the effect of DHA on aS-derived species: a naturally occurring variant, H50Q; an oxidized aS in which all methionines are sulfoxides (aS4ox); a fully lysine-alkylated aS (acetyl-aS); and aS fibrils, testing their ability to be chemically modified by DHA. We show, by mass spectrometry and spectroscopic techniques, that H50Q and aS4ox are modified by DHA, whereas acetyl-aS is not. We correlated this modification with aS structural features, and we suggest a possible functional role of aS in sequestering the early peroxidation products of fatty acids, thereby reducing the level of highly reactive lipid species. Finally, we show that fibrillar aS loses almost 80% of its scavenging activity, thus lacking a potentially protective function. Our findings linking aS scavenging activity with brain lipid composition suggest a possible etiological mechanism in some neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia De Franceschi
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRIBI, Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Fecchio
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRIBI, Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Ronit Sharon
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, 9112102 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, NW32PF London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Proukakis
- the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, NW32PF London, United Kingdom
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- the Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom, and.,the Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Polverino de Laureto
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRIBI, Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
van Diggelen F, Tepper AWJW, Apetri MM, Otzen DE. α-Synuclein Oligomers: A Study in Diversity. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Femke van Diggelen
- Crossbeta Biosciences; Padualaan 8 3584CH Utrecht The Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000C Aarhus Denmark
| | | | | | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000C Aarhus Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Coordination and redox properties of copper interaction with α-synuclein. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:292-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
37
|
Konijnenberg A, Ranica S, Narkiewicz J, Legname G, Grandori R, Sobott F, Natalello A. Opposite Structural Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and Dopamine Binding to α-Synuclein. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8468-75. [PMID: 27467405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered and amyloidogenic protein α-synuclein (AS) has been linked to several neurodegenerative states, including Parkinson's disease. Here, nanoelectrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-MS), ion mobility (IM), and native top-down electron transfer dissociation (ETD) techniques are employed to study AS interaction with small molecules known to modulate its aggregation, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and dopamine (DA). The complexes formed by the two ligands under identical conditions reveal peculiar differences. While EGCG engages AS in compact conformations, DA preferentially binds to the protein in partially extended conformations. The two ligands also have different effects on AS structure as assessed by IM, with EGCG leading to protein compaction and DA to its extension. Native top-down ETD on the protein-ligand complexes shows how the different observed modes of binding of the two ligands could be related to their known opposite effects on AS aggregation. The results also show that the protein can bind either ligand in the absence of any covalent modifications, such as oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Konijnenberg
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Simona Ranica
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Narkiewicz
- Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) and ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A , 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) and ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A , 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita Grandori
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Frank Sobott
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds , Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds , Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.,Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia (CNISM), UdR of Milano-Bicocca, and Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dell'Acqua S, Pirota V, Anzani C, Rocco MM, Nicolis S, Valensin D, Monzani E, Casella L. Reactivity of copper-α-synuclein peptide complexes relevant to Parkinson's disease. Metallomics 2016; 7:1091-102. [PMID: 25865825 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00345d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal α-synuclein (αSyn) deposits in the brain. Alterations in metal homeostasis and metal-induced oxidative stress may play a crucial role in the aggregation of αSyn and, consequently, in the pathogenesis of PD. We have therefore investigated the capability of copper-αSyn6 and copper-αSyn15 peptide complexes, with the 1-6 and 1-15 terminal fragments of the protein, to promote redox reactions that can be harmful to other cellular components. The pseudo-tyrosinase activity of copper-αSyn complexes against catecholic (di-tert-butylcatechol (DTBCH2), 4-methylcatechol (4-MC)) and phenolic (phenol) substrates is lower compared to that of free copper(II). In particular, the rates (kcat) of DTBCH2 catalytic oxidation are 0.030 s(-1) and 0.009 s(-1) for the reaction promoted by free copper(II) and [Cu(2+)-αSyn15], respectively. On the other hand, HPLC/ESI-MS analysis of solutions of αSyn15 incubated with copper(II) and 4-MC showed that αSyn is competitively oxidized with remarkable formation of sulfoxide at Met1 and Met5 residues. Moreover, the sulfoxidation of methionine residues, which is related to the aggregation of αSyn, also occurs on peptides not directly bound to copper, indicating that external αSyn can also be oxidized by copper. Therefore, this study strengthens the hypothesis that copper plays an important role in oxidative damage of αSyn which is proposed to be strongly related to the etiology of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dell'Acqua
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhao J, Yu S, Zheng Y, Yang H, Zhang J. Oxidative Modification and Its Implications for the Neurodegeneration of Parkinson’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1404-1418. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
40
|
Intracellular repair of oxidation-damaged α-synuclein fails to target C-terminal modification sites. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10251. [PMID: 26807843 PMCID: PMC4737712 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular oxidative stress serves as a common denominator in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease. Here we use in-cell NMR spectroscopy to study the fate of the oxidation-damaged Parkinson's disease protein alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in non-neuronal and neuronal mammalian cells. Specifically, we deliver methionine-oxidized, isotope-enriched α-Syn into cultured cells and follow intracellular protein repair by endogenous enzymes at atomic resolution. We show that N-terminal α-Syn methionines Met1 and Met5 are processed in a stepwise manner, with Met5 being exclusively repaired before Met1. By contrast, C-terminal methionines Met116 and Met127 remain oxidized and are not targeted by cellular enzymes. In turn, persisting oxidative damage in the C-terminus of α-Syn diminishes phosphorylation of Tyr125 by Fyn kinase, which ablates the necessary priming event for Ser129 modification by CK1. These results establish that oxidative stress can lead to the accumulation of chemically and functionally altered α-Syn in cells. α-synuclein is a protein linked to the occurrence of Parkinson's disease. Here, the authors use time-resolved in-cell NMR spectroscopy to study the repair of methionine-oxidized α-synuclein by endogenous cellular enzymes.
Collapse
|
41
|
Breydo L, Newland B, Zhang H, Rosser A, Werner C, Uversky VN, Wang W. A hyperbranched dopamine-containing PEG-based polymer for the inhibition of α-synuclein fibrillation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:830-5. [PMID: 26707645 PMCID: PMC4727786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein is believed to play an important role in Parkinson's disease and in other neurodegenerative maladies. Small molecule inhibitors of this process are among the most promising drug candidates for neurodegenerative diseases. Dendrimers have also been studied for anti-fibrillation applications but they can be difficult and expensive to synthetize. Here we show that RAFT polymerization can be used to produce a hyperbranched polyethylene glycol structure via a one-pot reaction. This polymer included a dopamine moiety, a known inhibitor of α-synuclein fibril formation. Dopamine within the polymer structure was capable of aggregation inhibition, although not to the same degree as free dopamine. This result opens up new avenues for the use of controlled radical polymerizations as a means of preparing hyperbranched polymers for anti-fibrillation activity, but shows that the incorporation of functional groups from known small molecules within polymers may alter their biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Breydo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 33612 Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Ben Newland
- Leibniz-Institute für Polymerforschung, Dresden, Germany; Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hong Zhang
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Rosser
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz-Institute für Polymerforschung, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 33612 Tampa, FL, USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142292 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenxin Wang
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Milisav I, Šuput D, Ribarič S. Unfolded Protein Response and Macroautophagy in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Prion Diseases. Molecules 2015; 20:22718-56. [PMID: 26694349 PMCID: PMC6332363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis are integrated biological pathways within cells that control synthesis, folding, trafficking and degradation of proteins. The absence of cell division makes brain proteostasis susceptible to age-related changes and neurodegeneration. Two key processes involved in sustaining normal brain proteostasis are the unfolded protein response and autophagy. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and prion diseases (PrDs) have different clinical manifestations of neurodegeneration, however, all share an accumulation of misfolded pathological proteins associated with perturbations in unfolded protein response and macroautophagy. While both the unfolded protein response and macroautophagy play an important role in the prevention and attenuation of AD and PD progression, only macroautophagy seems to play an important role in the development of PrDs. Macroautophagy and unfolded protein response can be modulated by pharmacological interventions. However, further research is necessary to better understand the regulatory pathways of both processes in health and neurodegeneration to be able to develop new therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Milisav
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija.
| | - Dušan Šuput
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Samo Ribarič
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL. Αlpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2675-700. [PMID: 26501339 PMCID: PMC4693253 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation and misfolding of the alpha-synuclein protein are core mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. While the normal function of alpha-synuclein is mainly related to the control of vesicular neurotransmission, its pathogenic effects are linked to various cellular functions, which include mitochondrial activity, as well as proteasome and autophagic degradation of proteins. Remarkably, these functions are also affected when the renewal of macromolecules and organelles becomes impaired during the normal aging process. As aging is considered a major risk factor for Parkinson's disease, it is critical to explore its molecular and cellular implications in the context of the alpha-synuclein pathology. Here, we discuss similarities and differences between normal brain aging and Parkinson's disease, with a particular emphasis on the nigral dopaminergic neurons, which appear to be selectively vulnerable to the combined effects of alpha-synuclein and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Bobela
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Aebischer
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Follmer C, Coelho-Cerqueira E, Yatabe-Franco DY, Araujo GDT, Pinheiro AS, Domont GB, Eliezer D. Oligomerization and Membrane-binding Properties of Covalent Adducts Formed by the Interaction of α-Synuclein with the Toxic Dopamine Metabolite 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27660-79. [PMID: 26381411 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.686584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative deamination of dopamine produces the highly toxic aldehyde 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), enhanced production of which is found in post-mortem brains of Parkinson disease patients. When injected into the substantia nigra of rat brains, DOPAL causes the loss of dopaminergic neurons accompanied by the accumulation of potentially toxic oligomers of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein (aS), potentially explaining the synergistic toxicity described for dopamine metabolism and aS aggregation. In this work, we demonstrate that DOPAL interacts with aS via formation of Schiff-base and Michael-addition adducts with Lys residues, in addition to causing oxidation of Met residues to Met-sulfoxide. DOPAL modification leads to the formation of small aS oligomers that may be cross-linked by DOPAL. Both monomeric and oligomeric DOPAL adducts potently inhibit the formation of mature amyloid fibrils by unmodified aS. The binding of aS to either lipid vesicles or detergent micelles, which results in a gain of α-helix structure in its N-terminal lipid-binding domain, protects the protein against DOPAL adduct formation and, consequently, inhibits DOPAL-induced aS oligomerization. Functionally, aS-DOPAL monomer exhibits a reduced affinity for small unilamellar vesicles with lipid composition similar to synaptic vesicles, in addition to diminished membrane-induced α-helical content in comparison with the unmodified protein. These results suggest that DOPAL could compromise the functionality of aS, even in the absence of protein oligomerization, by affecting the interaction of aS with lipid membranes and hence its role in the regulation of synaptic vesicle traffic in neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Follmer
- From the Departments of Physical Chemistry and the Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | | | | | - Gabriel D T Araujo
- Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil and
| | - Anderson S Pinheiro
- Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil and
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil and
| | - David Eliezer
- the Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Intracellular proteolysis is critical to maintain timely degradation of altered proteins including oxidized proteins. This review attempts to summarize the most relevant findings about oxidant protein modification, as well as the impact of reactive oxygen species on the proteolytic systems that regulate cell response to an oxidant environment: the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), autophagy and the unfolded protein response (UPR). In the presence of an oxidant environment, these systems are critical to ensure proteostasis and cell survival. An example of altered degradation of oxidized proteins in pathology is provided for neurodegenerative diseases. Future work will determine if protein oxidation is a valid target to combat proteinopathies. Proteins undergo reversible and irreversible redox modifications. Oxidized proteins are cleared mainly through the 20S proteasome and autophagy. The proteolytic systems exhibit a dynamic crosstalk to adapt to redox alterations. Protein oxidation together with impaired degradation are linked to neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
46
|
Khalife M, Morshedi D, Aliakbari F, Tayaranian Marvian A, Mohammad Beigi H, Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S, Pan-Montojo F. Alpha-Synuclein Fibrils Interact with Dopamine Reducing its Cytotoxicity on PC12 Cells. Protein J 2015; 34:291-303. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-015-9625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
47
|
Stabilization of Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers In Vitro by the Neurotransmitters, Dopamine and Norepinephrine: The Effect of Oxidized Catecholamines. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1341-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
48
|
Paleček E, Tkáč J, Bartošík M, Bertók T, Ostatná V, Paleček J. Electrochemistry of nonconjugated proteins and glycoproteins. Toward sensors for biomedicine and glycomics. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2045-108. [PMID: 25659975 PMCID: PMC4360380 DOI: 10.1021/cr500279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Paleček
- Institute
of Biophysics Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská
135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tkáč
- Institute
of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Bartošík
- Regional
Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk
Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bertók
- Institute
of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Ostatná
- Institute
of Biophysics Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská
135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Paleček
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Masaryk
University, Kamenice
5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
The N-terminal residues 43 to 60 form the interface for dopamine mediated α-synuclein dimerisation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116497. [PMID: 25679387 PMCID: PMC4332483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (α-syn) is a major component of the intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies, which are a key pathological feature in the brains of Parkinson's disease patients. The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) inhibits the fibrillisation of α-syn into amyloid, and promotes α-syn aggregation into SDS-stable soluble oligomers. While this inhibition of amyloid formation requires the oxidation of both DA and the methionines in α-syn, the molecular basis for these processes is still unclear. This study sought to define the protein sequences required for the generation of oligomers. We tested N- (α-syn residues 43-140) and C-terminally (1-95) truncated α-syn, and found that similar to full-length protein both truncated species formed soluble DA:α-syn oligomers, albeit 1-95 had a different profile. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the N-terminally truncated α-syn 43-140 protein, we analysed the structural characteristics of the DA:α-syn 43-140 dimer and α-syn 43-140 monomer and found the dimerisation interface encompassed residues 43 to 60. Narrowing the interface to this small region will help define the mechanism by which DA mediates the formation of SDS-stable soluble DA:α-syn oligomers.
Collapse
|
50
|
Andreasen M, Lorenzen N, Otzen D. Interactions between misfolded protein oligomers and membranes: A central topic in neurodegenerative diseases? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:1897-907. [PMID: 25666871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of amyloid material has been associated with many different diseases. Although these diseases are very diverse the amyloid material share many common features such as cross-β-sheet structure of the backbone of the proteins deposited. Another common feature of the aggregation process for a wide variety of proteins is the presence of prefibrillar oligomers. These oligomers are linked to the cytotoxicity occurring during the aggregation of proteins. These prefibrillar oligomers interact extensively with lipid membranes and in some cases leads to destabilization of lipid membranes. This interaction is however highly dependent on the nature of both the oligomer and the lipids. Anionic lipids are often required for interaction with the lipid membrane while increased exposure of hydrophobic patches from highly dynamic protein oligomers are structural determinants of cytotoxicity of the oligomers. To explore the oligomer lipid interaction in detail the interaction between oligomers of α-synuclein and the 4th fasciclin-1 domain of TGFBIp with lipid membranes will be examined here. For both proteins the dynamic species are the ones causing membrane destabilization and the membrane interaction is primarily seen when the lipid membranes contain anionic lipids. Hence the dynamic nature of oligomers with exposed hydrophobic patches alongside the presence of anionic lipids could be essential for the cytotoxicity observed for prefibrillar oligomers in general. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipid-protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andreasen
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Lorenzen
- Department of Protein Biophysics and Formulation, Biopharmaceuticals Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|