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Rasaq WA, Thiruchenthooran V, Wirkijowska K, Valentin M, Bobak Ł, Adaobi Igwegbe C, Białowiec A. Hydrothermal carbonization of combined food waste: A critical evaluation of emergent products. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 189:44-57. [PMID: 39173471 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) increasingly appears as an eco-friendly method for managing food waste (FW). In this work, a combination of FW was subjected to HTC, and products were critically evaluated. This involved a lab-scale pressure reactor and optimization of HTC conditions: temperature (220-340 °C) and residence time (90-260 min) via central composite design type of response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). Results showed varying temperatures and residence time to impact the hydrochar (HC) and hydrothermal carbonization aqueous phase (HTC-AP) properties. Although HC produced through HTC exhibited lower ash content (<2%) despite higher fixed carbon (>55 %) with respect to the raw FW, the heating value of HC ranged from 19.2 to 32.5 MJ/kg. Temperature primarily influenced FW conversion, affecting carbonaceous properties. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were found to be predominant in the HTC-AP under all tested operating conditions (77.3, 48.4, and 37.1 wt% for HTC at 340, 280, and 220 °C in 180 min, respectively). Total phosphorus recovery in HC and HTC-AP respectively peaked at 340 °C and 220 °C in 180 min. The study concludes that HTC holds promise for energy-dense biofuel production, nutrient recovery, and fostering a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed A Rasaq
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., Wrocław 51-630, Poland.
| | - Vaikunthavasan Thiruchenthooran
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, Wrocław 50-375, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wirkijowska
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., Wrocław 51-630, Poland.
| | - Marvin Valentin
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., Wrocław 51-630, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Bobak
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław 51-630, Poland.
| | - Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., Wrocław 51-630, Poland; Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka 420218, Nigeria.
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., Wrocław 51-630, Poland.
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Ruíz Suarez CB, Schalchli Sáez HL, Melo PS, Moreira CDS, Sartori AGDO, de Alencar SM, Scheuermann Salinas ES. Effect of Physical Separation with Ultrasound Application on Brewers' Spent Grain to Obtain Powders for Potential Application in Foodstuffs. Foods 2024; 13:3000. [PMID: 39335928 PMCID: PMC11431214 DOI: 10.3390/foods13183000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is the primary by-product of beer production, and its potential use in food products is largely dependent on its processing, given its moisture content of up to 80%. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physical separation with ultrasound application on the color, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, proximate composition, total dietary fibers, and particle size distribution of BSG powders. Wet BSG (W) was subjected to two processes: one without ultrasound (A) and one with ultrasound (B). Both processes included pressing, convective air-drying, sieving, fraction separation (A1 and B1 as coarse with particles ≥ 2.36 mm; A2 and B2 as fine with particles < 2.36 mm), and milling. The total color difference compared to W increased through both processes, ranging from 1.1 (B1 vs. A1) to 5.7 (B1 vs. A2). There was no significant difference in TPC, but process B powders, particularly B2, showed lower antioxidant activity against ABTS•+, likely due to the release of antioxidant compounds into the liquid fraction during pressing after ultrasound treatment. Nonetheless, process B powders exhibited a higher content of soluble dietary fibers. In conclusion, ultrasound application shows potential for further extraction of soluble fibers. However, process A might be more practical for industrial and craft brewers. Further studies on the use of the resulting BSG powders as food ingredients are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Belén Ruíz Suarez
- Undergraduate Program Chemical Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco CP 4780000, Chile;
| | - Heidi Laura Schalchli Sáez
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco CP 4780000, Chile;
| | - Priscilla Siqueira Melo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba CEP 13418-900, Brazil; (P.S.M.); (C.d.S.M.); (A.G.d.O.S.)
| | - Carolina de Souza Moreira
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba CEP 13418-900, Brazil; (P.S.M.); (C.d.S.M.); (A.G.d.O.S.)
| | - Alan Giovanini de Oliveira Sartori
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba CEP 13418-900, Brazil; (P.S.M.); (C.d.S.M.); (A.G.d.O.S.)
| | - Severino Matias de Alencar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba CEP 13418-900, Brazil; (P.S.M.); (C.d.S.M.); (A.G.d.O.S.)
| | - Erick Sigisfredo Scheuermann Salinas
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco CP 4780000, Chile;
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco CP 4780000, Chile
- Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco CP 4780000, Chile
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Cheng Y, He J, Zheng P, Yu J, Pu J, Huang Z, Mao X, Luo Y, Luo J, Yan H, Wu A, Yu B, Chen D. Effects of replacing soybean meal with enzymolysis-fermentation compound protein feed on growth performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients, carcass traits, and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:127. [PMID: 39261875 PMCID: PMC11391718 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing the shortage of high-quality protein resources, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with different levels of enzymolysis-fermentation compound protein feed (EFCP) in the diets of growing-finishing pigs, focusing on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, carcass traits, and meat quality. METHODS Sixty DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) pigs with an initial body weight of 42.76 ± 2.05 kg were assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design. These dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal diet (CON), untreated compound protein feed (UCP) substitution 50% (U50) and 100% SBM (U100) diets, and EFCP substitution 50% (EF50) and 100% SBM (EF100) diets. Each treatment had 6 pens (replicates) with 2 pigs per pen, and the experiment lasted 58 d, divided into phase I (1-28 d) and phase II (29-58 d). Following phase I, only the CON, U50, and EF50 groups were continued for phase II, each with 5 replicate pens. On d 59, a total of 15 pigs (1 pig/pen, 5 pens/treatment) were euthanized. RESULTS During phase I, the EF50 group had a higher average daily gain (ADG) in pigs (P < 0.05) compared to the CON group, whereas the U50 group did not have a significant difference. As the substitution ratio of UCP and EFCP increased in phase I, there was a noticeable reduction in the final body weight and ADG (P < 0.05), along with an increase in the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) (P < 0.05). In phase II, there were no significant differences in growth performance among the treatment groups, but EF50 increased the apparent digestibility of several nutrients (including dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash, gross energy) compared to U50. The EF50 group also exhibited significantly higher serum levels of neuropeptide Y and ghrelin compared to the CON and U50 groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the EF50 group had higher carcass weight and carcass length than those in the CON and U50 groups (P < 0.05), with no significant difference in meat quality. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that replacing 50% SBM with EFCP during the growing-finishing period can improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass traits of pigs without compromising meat quality. This research offers valuable insights into the modification of unconventional plant protein meals and developing alternatives to SBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Junning Pu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China.
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Xie Z, Dan M, Zhao G, Wang D. Recent advances in microbial high-value utilization of brewer's spent grain. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 408:131197. [PMID: 39097237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitigating the adverse impacts of agricultural and industrial by-products on human populations and the environment is essential. It is crucial to continually explore methods to upgrade and reengineer these by-products. Brewer's Spent Grain (BSG), the primary by-product of the beer brewing process, constitutes approximately 85% of these by-products. Its high moisture content and rich nutritional profile make BSG a promising candidate for microbial utilization. Consequently, valorizing high-yield, low-cost BSG through microbial fermentation adds significant value. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of two valorization pathways for BSG via microbial processing, tailored to the desired end products: utilizing fermented BSG as a nutritional supplement in human or animal diets, or cultivating edible fungi using BSG as a substrate. The review also explores the microbial fermentation of BSG to produce valuable metabolites, laying a theoretical foundation for its high-value utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Xie
- Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 644000, China; College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Meiling Dan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Damao Wang
- Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 644000, China; College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Naibaho J, Bobak Ł, Wojdyło A, Korzeniowska M, Lu Y, Yang B. Synergistic effect of bath-ultrasonication and heating treatments on two-steps treatment of brewers' spent grain. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35166. [PMID: 39170574 PMCID: PMC11336400 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and techno-functionality of brewers' spent grain (BSG) treated with two-steps treatment involving 5, 15, and 25 min bath-ultrasonication (USB) continued with autoclave (AH) at 90, 110, and 130 °C and/or water-bath (CWH) at 80, 90, and 100 °C. The two-steps treatments slightly affected the water- and oil-holding capacity and extractable fat content. Most of the two-steps treatments increased the amount of flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids, up to 4 times higher compared to its control. The two-steps treatment involving CWH had no significant (p > 0.05) impact on fat content, antioxidants and techo-functionality of BSG. Up to 15 min USB increased the poly-unsaturated fatty acids and lowered the amount of saturated fatty acids. In conclusion, the two-steps treatment consists of USB (up to 15 min) continued with AH and CWH increased the amount of nutritional-related chemical composition such as UFA and phenolic acids as well as antioxidant activity of BSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joncer Naibaho
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Ashtown Food Research Center – Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, D15 DY05, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Łukasz Bobak
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Korzeniowska
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
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Qamar H, Li Y, He R, Waqas M, Song M, Deng D, Cui Y, Yang P, Liu Z, Qammar B, Asnan M, Xie X, Yu M, Ma X. Integrated Metabolomics and Metagenomics Unveiled Biomarkers of Antioxidant Potential in Fermented Brewer's Grains. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:872. [PMID: 39061941 PMCID: PMC11274078 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
About one-third of the global food supply is wasted. Brewers' spent grain (BSG), being produced in enormous amounts by the brewery industry, possesses an eminence nutritional profile, yet its recycling is often neglected for multiple reasons. We employed integrated metagenomics and metabolomics techniques to assess the effects of enzyme treatments and Lactobacillus fermentation on the antioxidant capacity of BSG. The biotreated BSG revealed improved antioxidant capability, as evidenced by significantly increased (p < 0.05) radical scavenging activity and flavonoid and polyphenol content. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that Lactobacillus fermentation led to the prominent synthesis (p < 0.05) of 15 novel antioxidant peptides, as well as significantly higher (p < 0.05) enrichment of isoflavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. The correlation analysis demonstrated that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exhibited strong correlation (p < 0.05) with aucubin and carbohydrate-active enzymes, namely, glycoside hydrolases 25, glycosyl transferases 5, and carbohydrate esterases 9. The fermented BSG has potential applications in the food industry as a culture medium, a functional food component for human consumption, and a bioactive feed ingredient for animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Qamar
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yuanfei Li
- Institute of Biological Technology, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Genetic Improvement, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, China;
| | - Rong He
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan;
| | - Min Song
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Dun Deng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yiyan Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Pan Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
| | | | - Muhammad Asnan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Xiangxue Xie
- Guangdong VTR Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519060, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.Q.); (R.H.); (M.S.); (D.D.); (Y.C.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.Y.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Maoming 525000, China
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7
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Hejna A, Barczewski M, Kosmela P, Aniśko J, Szulc J, Skórczewska K, Piasecki A, Kuang T. More than just a beer - Brewers' spent grain, spent hops, and spent yeast as potential functional fillers for polymer composites. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 180:23-35. [PMID: 38503031 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Beer is among the most popular beverages in the world, with the production distributed uniformly between the biggest continents, so the utilization of brewing by-products is essential on a global scale. Among their potential recipients, the plastics industry offers extensive range of potential products. Herein, the presented study investigated the application of currently underutilized solid brewing by-products (brewers' spent grain, spent hops, spent yeast) as fillers for highly-filled poly(ε-caprolactone)-based composites, providing the first direct connection between spent hops or spent yeast and the polymer composites. Comprehensive by-product characterization revealed differences in chemical composition. The elemental C:O ratio, protein content, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity varied from 1.40 to 1.89, 12.9 to 32.4 wt%, and 2.41 to 10.24 mg/g, respectively, which was mirrored in the composites' structure and performance. Morphological analysis pointed to the composition-driven hydrophilicity gap limiting interfacial adhesion for high shares of brewers' spent grain and spent hops, due to high hydrophilicity induced by carbohydrate content. Phytochemicals and other components of applied by-products stimulated composites' oxidative resistance, shifting oxidation onset temperature from 261 °C for matrix over 360 °C for high spent yeast shares. Simultaneously, spent yeast also provided compatibilizing effects for poly(ε-caprolactone)-based composites, reducing complex viscosity compared to other fillers and indicating its highest affinity to poly(ε-caprolactone)due to the lowest hydrophilicity gap. The presented results indicate that the proper selection of brewing by-products and adjustment of their shares creates an exciting possibility of engineering composites' structure and performance, which can be transferred to other polymers differing with hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Hejna
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland; Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Barczewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Kosmela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Aniśko
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Szulc
- Department of Food Industry Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skórczewska
- Department of Polymer Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Piasecki
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tairong Kuang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Plastic Modification and Processing Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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8
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Rasaq WA, Thiruchenthooran V, Telega P, Bobak Ł, Igwegbe CA, Białowiec A. Optimizing hydrothermal treatment for sustainable valorization and fatty acid recovery from food waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120722. [PMID: 38569260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study employs response surface methodology and a central composite design (CCD) to optimize hydrothermal treatment (HTT) conditions for the valorization of food waste (FW). Lab-scale pressure reactor-based HTT processes are investigated to detect the effects of temperature (220-340 °C) and resident time (90-260 min) on elemental composition and fatty acid recovery in the hydrothermal liquid. Central to the study is the identification of temperature as the primary factor influencing food waste conversion during the HTT process, showcasing its impact on HTT product yields. The liquid fraction, rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), demonstrates a temperature-dependent trend, with higher temperatures favoring SFA recovery. Specifically, HTT at 340 °C in 180 min exhibits the highest SFA percentages, reaching up to 52.5 wt%. The study establishes HTT as a promising avenue for nutrient recovery, with the liquid fraction yielding approximately 95% at optimized conditions. Furthermore, statistical analysis using response surface methodology predicts the optimal achievable yields for hydrochar and hydrothermal liquid at 6.15% and 93.85%, respectively, obtained at 320 °C for 200 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed A Rasaq
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Vaikunthavasan Thiruchenthooran
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paweł Telega
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Bobak
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka 420218, Nigeria.
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
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9
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Cheng J, Zheng L, Zhao J, Yu M, Cao R, Wang D, Li J, Zhou L. Study on the Effect of Microwaved Brewer's Spent Grains on the Quality and Flavor Characteristics of Bread. Foods 2024; 13:461. [PMID: 38338596 PMCID: PMC10855328 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To enable a wider utilization of co-products from beer processing and minimize the negative effect of added grain on bread quality, flavor, and other attributes, brewer's spent grains (BSG) are processed through microwave pretreatment, and then the microwave-treated BSG (MW-BSG) is added to bread. So far, there has been no investigation on the effect of microwave-pretreated BSG on bread quality and flavor. In this study, we examined the effects of diverse microwave treatment variables on the physicochemical structure of BSG and explored the consequences of MW-BSG on the quality and flavor of bread. The results showed that soluble dietary fiber and water-soluble protein levels in MW-BSG increased significantly (144.88% and 23.35%) at a 540 W microwave power, 3 min processing time, and 1:5 material-liquid ratio of BSG to water. The proper addition of MW-BSG positively affected the bread texture properties and color, but excessive amounts led to an irregular size and distribution of the bread crumbs. The result of electronic nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS analyses showed that the addition of MW-BSG modified the odor profile of the bread. A sensory evaluation showed mean scores ranging from 6.81 to 4.41 for bread containing 0-10% MW-BSG. Consumers found a maximum level of 6% MW-BSG acceptable. This study endeavors to decrease environmental contamination caused by brewing waste by broadening the methods by which beer co-products can be utilized through an innovative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Cheng
- College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (R.C.); (D.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Li Zheng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Jinling Zhao
- College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (R.C.); (D.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Meihong Yu
- College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (R.C.); (D.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Rui Cao
- College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (R.C.); (D.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (R.C.); (D.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jian Li
- College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (R.C.); (D.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Linyi Zhou
- College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (R.C.); (D.W.); (J.L.)
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10
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He L, Wu D, Liu J, Li G, Chen C, Karrar E, Ahmed IAM, Zhang L, Li J. Comparison of Lipid Composition between Quasipaa spinosa Oil and Rana catesbeiana Oil and Its Effect on Lipid Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Oleo Sci 2024; 73:239-251. [PMID: 38311413 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Frog oil has been recognized for its nutritional and medicinal value. However, there is limited research on the role of frog oil in preventing obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the lipid composition of Quasipaa spinosa oil (QSO) and Rana catesbeiana oil (RCO) using lipidomics analysis. We compared the lipid accumulation effects of these two kinds of frog oils and soybean oil (SO) in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Additionally, we determined the gene expression related to lipid metabolism and used the nhr-49 mutant (RB1716) and sir-2.1 mutant (VC199) for validation experiments. The results showed that the lipid composition of QSO and RCO was significantly different (p < 0.05), and QSO was rich in more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). After feeding C. elegans, the lipid accumulation of the QSO group was the lowest among the three dietary oil groups. In addition, compared with RCO and SO, QSO significantly inhibited the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The effects of three kinds of dietary oils on the fatty acid composition of C. elegans were significantly different. Compared with SO and RCO, QSO significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) the expression of sir-2.1 and ech-1 genes. The results showed that QSO might reduce lipid accumulation through the SIRT1 and nuclear hormone signaling pathways. Such a situation was verified experimentally by the nhr-49 mutant (RB1716) and sir-2.1 mutant (VC199). This study proposed a new functional oil, laying the groundwork for developing functional foods from Quasipaa spinosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili He
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University
| | - Daren Wu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
| | - Jingwen Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
| | - Guiling Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
| | - Chaoxiang Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
| | - Emad Karrar
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University
| | - Isam A Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
| | - Jian Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food
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11
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He R, Yang Y, Li Y, Yang M, Kong L, Yang F. Recent Progress in Distiller's Grains: Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:7492. [PMID: 38005214 PMCID: PMC10673086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Distiller's grains (DGs) are solid mixtures that remain after the production of alcoholic beverages. A large amount of DGs is produced each year during the brewing process. Currently, they are mostly used as a feedstock or substrate in the feed industry. However, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of DGs is a major constraint on their further development and application for high-value-added usages. Some studies were published on the bioactive constituents of DGs in several different types of journals. Data were therefore collated to provide a comprehensive overview of these natural products. DGs are rich in phenols, phytosterols, and fatty acids, in addition to general lipid and protein constituents. These compounds and their related extracts possess diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycaemic effects. We hope that this review will provide research incentives for the further development and utilisation of DGs to develop high-value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Yubo Yang
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Yongsu Li
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Minghua Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (R.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Zunyi 564501, China
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12
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Gu Z, Jin Z, Schwarz P, Rao J, Chen B. Unraveling the role of germination days on the aroma variations of roasted barley malts via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based untargeted and targeted flavoromics. Food Chem 2023; 426:136563. [PMID: 37315420 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Roasting imparts malts with an increased amount of hedonic aromas. However, the relationship between the production of roasted malts and the generation of characteristic malt aromas remains unclear. In this study, roasted barley malts (RM) were prepared from three consecutive germination days (3, 4, 5D), and the aroma profiles among RM and base malt were holistically compared via HS-SPME-GC-MS/O-based flavoromics. Furthermore, the wort color, free amino acids, reducing sugars, and fatty acids compositions were determined before-and-after roasting. Results showed that roasting could flatten variations of precursors regardless of germination days. Additionally, based on quantitation of 53 aromas, a PLS-DA model was applied to differentiate all malts by 17 aromas with VIP ≥ 1. As for aroma harmony, RM with 4D-germination outstood due to a pleasant nutty note with the highest sweet-to-nutty index of 0.8. This work answers how germination days would impact the aroma of RM for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Gu
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Zhao Jin
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Paul Schwarz
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Jiajia Rao
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Bingcan Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
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13
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Naibaho J, Pudło A, Bobak Ł, Wojdyło A, López ÁA, Pangestika LMW, Andayani SN, Korzeniowska M, Yang B. Conventional water bath heating on undried brewer's spent grain: Functionality, fatty acids, volatiles, polyphenolic and antioxidant properties. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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14
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Jaouhari Y, Travaglia F, Giovannelli L, Picco A, Oz E, Oz F, Bordiga M. From Industrial Food Waste to Bioactive Ingredients: A Review on the Sustainable Management and Transformation of Plant-Derived Food Waste. Foods 2023; 12:2183. [PMID: 37297428 PMCID: PMC10252586 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the United Nations, approximately one-third of the food produced for human consumption is wasted. The actual linear "Take-Make-Dispose" model is nowadays obsolete and uneconomical for societies and the environment, while circular thinking in production systems and its effective adoption offers new opportunities and benefits. Following the "Waste Framework Directive" (2008/98/CE), the European Green Deal, and the actual Circular Economy Action Plan, when prevention is not possible, recovering an unavoidable food waste as a by-product represents a most promising pathway. Using last year's by-products, which are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as dietary fiber, polyphenols, and peptides, offer a wake-up call to the nutraceutical and cosmetic industry to invest and develop value-added products generated from food waste ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Jaouhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; (Y.J.); (F.T.); (L.G.)
| | - F. Travaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; (Y.J.); (F.T.); (L.G.)
| | - L. Giovannelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; (Y.J.); (F.T.); (L.G.)
| | - A. Picco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; (Y.J.); (F.T.); (L.G.)
| | - E. Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye;
| | - F. Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye;
| | - M. Bordiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; (Y.J.); (F.T.); (L.G.)
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15
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Pop OL, Suharoschi R, Socaci SA, Berger Ceresino E, Weber A, Gruber-Traub C, Vodnar DC, Fărcaș AC, Johansson E. Polyphenols—Ensured Accessibility from Food to the Human Metabolism by Chemical and Biotechnological Treatments. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040865. [PMID: 37107240 PMCID: PMC10135483 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are plant-based compounds famous for their positive impact on both human health and the quality of food products. The benefits of polyphenols are related to reducing cardiovascular diseases, cholesterol management, cancers, and neurological disorders in humans and increasing the shelf life, management of oxidation, and anti-microbial activity in food products. The bioavailability and bio-accessibility of polyphenols are of the highest importance to secure their impact on human and food health. This paper summarizes the current state-of-the-art approaches on how polyphenols can be made more accessible in food products to contribute to human health. For example, by using food processing methods including various technologies, such as chemical and biotechnological treatments. Food matrix design and simulation procedures, in combination with encapsulation of fractionated polyphenols utilizing enzymatic and fermentation methodology, may be the future technologies to tailor specific food products with the ability to ensure polyphenol release and availability in the most suitable parts of the human body (bowl, intestine, etc.). The development of such new procedures for utilizing polyphenols, combining novel methodologies with traditional food processing technologies, has the potential to contribute enormous benefits to the food industry and health sector, not only reducing food waste and food-borne illnesses but also to sustain human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ramona Suharoschi
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elaine Berger Ceresino
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Achim Weber
- Innovation Field Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carmen Gruber-Traub
- Innovation Field Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Corina Fărcaș
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
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16
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Battistini C, Herkenhoff ME, de Souza Leite M, Vieira ADS, Bedani R, Saad SMI. Brewer's Spent Grain Enhanced the Recovery of Potential Probiotic Strains in Fermented Milk After Exposure to In Vitro-Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:326-337. [PMID: 34491541 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is a beer industry by-product with interesting functional properties by its high fiber content and bioactive compounds, which may be possibly employed as a prebiotic ingredient. The fermentability of BSG by ten probiotics and two starter cultures was evaluated, and the co-culture of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei F-19® (probiotic) and Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4® (starter) was selected to produce a potentially probiotic fermented milk (FM). Four formulations of FM were studied: FM1 (control), FM2 (probiotic - /BSG +), FM3 (probiotic + /BSG -), and FM4 (probiotic + /BSG +). The viability of the microorganisms in the FM was monitored throughout 28 days of storage. The resistance of the microorganisms in the FM to in vitro-simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions was also evaluated. Even though the BSG did not influence the fermentation kinetics or increase the populations of both microorganisms in the FM, a significant improvement on the survival of TH-4® against in vitro-simulated GIT stress was observed in the formulations containing BSG alone or in combination with F-19®. All formulations showed potential as probiotic FM, since total probiotic populations were kept above 1010 CFU in a daily portion of 200 mL, and a minimum of 1010 and 108 CFU equivalent of, respectively, TH-4® and F-19® was recovered after the GIT stress. Therefore, TH-4® has potential as a probiotic strain in addition to its starter feature, while BSG may be employed as a possible prebiotic ingredient in a synbiotic approach. Nonetheless, further studies to evaluate possible health benefits are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Battistini
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo, USP), São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, SP, 58005508-000, Brazil.
- Food Research Center FoRC, University of São Paulo (USP), Rua Do Lago, 250, Ed. Semi Industrial, Bloco C, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois At Chicago, Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 1044 CSB, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Marcos Edgar Herkenhoff
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo, USP), São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, SP, 58005508-000, Brazil
- Food Research Center FoRC, University of São Paulo (USP), Rua Do Lago, 250, Ed. Semi Industrial, Bloco C, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcela de Souza Leite
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo, USP), São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, SP, 58005508-000, Brazil
- Food Research Center FoRC, University of São Paulo (USP), Rua Do Lago, 250, Ed. Semi Industrial, Bloco C, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Diogo Silva Vieira
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo, USP), São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, SP, 58005508-000, Brazil
- Food Research Center FoRC, University of São Paulo (USP), Rua Do Lago, 250, Ed. Semi Industrial, Bloco C, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Raquel Bedani
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo, USP), São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, SP, 58005508-000, Brazil
- Food Research Center FoRC, University of São Paulo (USP), Rua Do Lago, 250, Ed. Semi Industrial, Bloco C, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Susana Marta Isay Saad
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo, USP), São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, SP, 58005508-000, Brazil.
- Food Research Center FoRC, University of São Paulo (USP), Rua Do Lago, 250, Ed. Semi Industrial, Bloco C, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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17
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Soy-based yogurt-alternatives enriched with brewers’ spent grain flour and protein hydrolysates: Microstructural evaluation and physico-chemical properties during the storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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18
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Use of Brewers’ Spent Grains as a Potential Functional Ingredient for the Production of Traditional Herzegovinian Product Ćupter. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ćupter is Herzegovinian candy made of must and flour/semolina. Much research about the incorporation of brewers’ spent grains into the human diet has been published. The purpose of this study was to partially replace semolina (Samples 1 and 2) and flour (Samples 3 and 4) with brewers’ spent grains originating from industrial (Samples 1 and 4) and craft breweries (Samples 2 and 3) and study nutritive, chemical, and preference properties of the product. In this research, the authors aimed to find application of this already proven functional ingredient in ćupter production. Values for pH were higher for all samples compared to the traditional recipe. Samples produced with flour had higher values of water activity (0.86 ± 0.01) and moisture (41.82 ± 1.68 and 41.11 ± 1.41). Ash content increased with BSG addition, but between samples, there were no significant differences. Collected data showed significant differences in fat levels. Higher protein content was measured for Samples 4 (6.60 ± 0.17) and 1 (6.13 ± 0.07). The highest total sugar content was measured for Sample 1. The general appearance for all samples was “moderately like”. Nutritive value was improved with the addition of BSG, but recipes and drying should be modified to improve consumer acceptance.
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19
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Naibaho J, Pudło A, Korzeniowska M, Lu Y, Yang B. Alteration of volatile compounds profile of brewers' spent grain by bath-ultrasonication and its combination with conventional water-bath and autoclave treatment. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 90:106192. [PMID: 36219887 PMCID: PMC9554806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the capability of bath-ultrasonication and its combination with conventional water-bath and autoclave treatment in modifying the volatile composition of brewers' spent grain (BSG). It was hypothesized that the treatments modified the volatile composition of BSG due to the sonochemical modification. The results demonstrated that the treatments intensified the desirable odor and removed the undesirable one which might allow the possibility of masking and renewing the odor perception of BSG. Besides the influence on odor perception related compounds, it is worth to highlight that the treatments eliminated herbicidal compounds such as (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal and (E)-2-hexenal which might be present from herbicidal treatment. Combination of bath-ultrasonication with autoclave treatment modified the volatile aldehydes while its combination with conventional water-bath generated the same profile as it was in untreated BSG. Time elevation on bath-ultrasonication had no significant impact on the amount of ketones and alkanes, while the fluctuation occurred as an impact of thermal exposures. Moreover, the treatment reduced the amount of alcohol and increased the fatty acids. In conclusion, bath-ultrasonication and its combination with thermal exposure modified the volatile compositions of BSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joncer Naibaho
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Pudło
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Korzeniowska
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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20
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Oztuna Taner O, Ekici L, Akyuz L. CMC-based edible coating composite films from Brewer's spent grain waste: a novel approach for the fresh strawberry package. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Naibaho J, Bobak Ł, Pudło A, Wojdyło A, Andayani SN, Pangestika LMW, Korzeniowska M, Yang B. Chemical compositions, antioxidant activities and techno‐functionality of spent grain treated by autoclave treatment: evaluation of water and temperature levels. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.16042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joncer Naibaho
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences 51‐630 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Bobak
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences 51‐630 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Anna Pudło
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences 51‐630 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences 51‐630 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Safira Noor Andayani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha 81116 Singaraja Indonesia
| | | | - Małgorzata Korzeniowska
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences 51‐630 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies University of Turku 20014 Turku Finland
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22
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Milew K, Manke S, Grimm S, Haseneder R, Herdegen V, Braeuer AS. Application, characterisation and economic assessment of brewers’ spent grain and liquor. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Milew
- Institute of Thermal‐, Environmental‐ and Resources’ Process Engineering TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Straße 28 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Sophie Manke
- Institute of Bioscience TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Sandra Grimm
- Institute of Bioscience TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Straße 29 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Roland Haseneder
- Institute of Thermal‐, Environmental‐ and Resources’ Process Engineering TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Straße 28 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Volker Herdegen
- Institute of Thermal‐, Environmental‐ and Resources’ Process Engineering TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Straße 28 09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - Andreas S. Braeuer
- Institute of Thermal‐, Environmental‐ and Resources’ Process Engineering TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Straße 28 09599 Freiberg Germany
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23
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de Crane d'Heysselaer S, Bockstal L, Jacquet N, Schmetz Q, Richel A. Potential for the valorisation of brewer's spent grains: A case study for the sequential extraction of saccharides and lignin. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1007-1014. [PMID: 34713756 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211055547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights the possibility of using brewers' grains (BSGs) for the successive extraction of the main lignocellulosic biopolymers, namely, cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. An exhaustive chemical characterisation revealed a variability of composition in distinct batches of BSGs, depending on their origin and the brewing process used. In particular, the protein content can vary from 13wt% to 23wt%, which is accompanied by a change in the hemicelluloses content from 9% to 23% (in the samples of our study). By applying a two-step aqueous treatment, involving an acid (1.25% v/v aq. H2SO4) and a base (3% w/v aq. NaOH) at a temperature of 120°C and fixed reaction time of a few tens of minutes (15-90 minutes), more than 80% of hemicelluloses could be recovered. Cellulose could be isolated at more than 68%, while a high purity lignin could be recovered from a lignin-rich fraction (70wt%). Our work also suggests that the variability of the chemical composition of these BSGs is a hindrance to achieving process standardisation and large-scale exploitation. The pooling of various materials is therefore not a recommended option, and the preliminary chemical analysis of the composition is therefore a prerequisite for an efficient extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauris Bockstal
- Laboratory of Biomass and Green Technologies, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Jacquet
- Smart Technologies for Food and Biobased Products, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Quentin Schmetz
- Laboratory of Biomass and Green Technologies, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Aurore Richel
- Laboratory of Biomass and Green Technologies, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
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24
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Valorization of brewer’s spent grain by consecutive supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis. Food Chem 2022; 396:133493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Naibaho J, Wojdyło A, Korzeniowska M, Laaksonen O, Föste M, Kütt ML, Yang B. Antioxidant activities and polyphenolic identification by UPLC-MS/MS of autoclaved brewers’ spent grain. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Merten D, Erman L, Marabelli GP, Leners B, Ney Y, Nasim MJ, Jacob C, Tchoumtchoua J, Cajot S, Bohn T. Potential health effects of brewers' spent grain as a functional food ingredient assessed by markers of oxidative stress and inflammation following gastro-intestinal digestion and in a cell model of the small intestine. Food Funct 2022; 13:5327-5342. [PMID: 35446320 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03090f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grains (BSG) are a by-product of the beer-brewing industry, often employed as animal feeding stuffs. With BSG being rich not only in proteins, lipids, and dietary fiber but also in certain phytochemicals, it constitutes a potentially valuable food source that could be employed as a functional food, e.g. against chronic inflammatory diseases. Several types of bread were prepared with various amounts of BSG as flour replacement (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%), either employing wet BSG or dried BSG after pressing. Total phenolics, flavonoids, insoluble dietary fiber, as well as antioxidant capacity (FRAP, ABTS) were measured in the bread, before and after simulated gastro-intestinal digestion. Furthermore, we investigated digested BSG and bread-containing BSG for their capability to alter oxidative stress (Nrf2, malondialdehyde) and inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, NO, and PGE2) in a Caco-2 cell culture model of the small intestine. Incorporation of BSG significantly and dose-dependently enhanced the amount of dietary fiber in the product, as well as total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity, by over 10-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold and 5-fold, respectively, when replacing all of the flour with BSG. This pattern remained after in vitro digestion. However, digesta failed to show significant antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effects on the biomarkers observed in the cell model. Consuming 150 g of such a BSG-bread (wet based) would supply the proposed RDA of 25 g d-1 dietary fiber and could be a healthy product valorizing BSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Merten
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Lara Erman
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | | | - Bernadette Leners
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Yannick Ney
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Muhammad Jawad Nasim
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Job Tchoumtchoua
- CELABOR, Biomass Valorisation Platform - Extraction Department, Avenue du Parc 38, 4650 Herve, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Cajot
- CELABOR, Biomass Valorisation Platform - Extraction Department, Avenue du Parc 38, 4650 Herve, Belgium
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
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27
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Naibaho J, Butula N, Jonuzi E, Korzeniowska M, Laaksonen O, Föste M, Kütt ML, Yang B. Potential of brewers’ spent grain in yogurt fermentation and evaluation of its impact in rheological behaviour, consistency, microstructural properties and acidity profile during the refrigerated storage. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Killerby MA, Almeida STR, Hollandsworth R, Guimaraes BC, Leon-Tinoco A, Perkins LB, Henry D, Schwartz TJ, Romero JJ. Effect of chemical and biological preservatives and ensiling stage on the dry matter loss, nutritional value, microbial counts, and ruminal in vitro gas production kinetics of wet brewer's grain silage. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6555706. [PMID: 35350073 PMCID: PMC9109006 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of chemical and biological preservatives and ensiling stage on spoilage, ruminal in vitro fermentation, and methane production of wet brewer's grain (WBG) silage. Treatments (TRT) were sodium lignosulfonate at 10 g/kg fresh WBG (NaL1) and 20 g/kg (NaL2), propionic acid at 5 g/kg fresh WBG (PRP, 99%), a combination inoculant (INO; Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri each at 4.9 log cfu/fresh WBG g), and untreated WBG (CON). Fresh WBG was treated and then ensiled for 60 d, after which mini silos were opened and aerobically exposed (AES) for 10 d. Data were analyzed as a RCBD (5 blocks) with a 5 TRT × 3 stages (STG; Fresh, Ensiled, and AES) factorial arrangement. Results showed that Ensiled PRP-treated WBG markedly preserved more water-soluble carbohydrates and starch than all other Ensiled TRT (P<0.001). Dry matter losses of Ensiled PRP-treated WBG were 48% lower than all other Ensiled TRT (P=0.009) but were not different than CON in AES (P=0.350). Due to its greater concentration of digestible nutrients, PRP-treated AES was less aerobically stable than CON (P=0.03). Preservation was not improved by INO, NaL1 or NaL2 but the latter prevented the increase of neutral detergent fiber across STG (P=0.392). Apparent in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) decreased only in Ensiled CON, INO and NaL1 relative to Fresh WBG and AES NaL2 had greater IVDMD than all other AES TRT (P≤0.032). In vitro ruminal fermentation of Fresh WBG resulted in a greater methane concentration and yield than the other STG (P<0.033). In conclusion, PRP was the most effective at preserving WBG during ensiling but failed to improve aerobic stability under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie A Killerby
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Saulo T R Almeida
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Rachel Hollandsworth
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Bianca C Guimaraes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Angela Leon-Tinoco
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Lewis B Perkins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Darren Henry
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Thomas J Schwartz
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Juan J Romero
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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29
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Analysis of Fatty Acids, Amino Acids and Volatile Profile of Apple By-Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061987. [PMID: 35335349 PMCID: PMC8955822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple industrial by-products are a promising source of bioactive compounds with direct implications on human health. The main goal of the present work was to characterize the Jonathan and Golden Delicious by-products from their fatty acid, amino acid, and volatile aroma compounds’ point of view. GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and ITEX/GC-MS methods were used for the by-products characterization. Linoleic and oleic were the main fatty acids identified in all samples, while palmitic and stearic acid were the representant of saturated ones. With respect to amino acids, from the essential group, isoleucine was the majority compound identified in JS (Jonathan skin) and GS (Golden skin) samples, lysine was the representant of JP (Jonathan pomace), and valine was mainly identified in GP (Golden pomace). A total number of 47 aroma volatile compounds were quantified in all samples, from which the esters groups ranged from 41.55–53.29%, aldehydes 29.75–43.99%, alcohols from 4.15 to 6.37%, ketones 4.14–5.72%, and the terpenes and terpenoids group reached values between 2.27% and 4.61%. Moreover, the by-products were valorized in biscuits manufacturing, highlighting their importance in enhancing the volatile aroma compounds, color, and sensorial analysis of the final baked goods.
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30
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Abstract
The large-scale industrial use of polysaccharides to obtain energy is one of the most discussed subjects in science. However, modern concepts of biorefinery have promoted the diversification of the use of these polymers in several bioproducts incorporating concepts of sustainability and the circular economy. This work summarizes the major sources of agro-industrial residues, physico-chemical properties, and recent application trends of cellulose, chitin, hyaluronic acid, inulin, and pectin. These macromolecules were selected due to their industrial importance and valuable functional and biological applications that have aroused market interests, such as for the production of medicines, cosmetics, and sustainable packaging. Estimations of global industrial residue production based on major crop data from the United States Department of Agriculture were performed for cellulose content from maize, rice, and wheat, showing that these residues may contain up to 18%, 44%, and 35% of cellulose and 45%, 22%, and 22% of hemicellulose, respectively. The United States (~32%), China (~20%), and the European Union (~18%) are the main countries producing cellulose and hemicellulose-rich residues from maize, rice, and wheat crops, respectively. Pectin and inulin are commonly obtained from fruit (~30%) and vegetable (~28%) residues, while chitin and hyaluronic acid are primarily found in animal waste, e.g., seafood (~3%) and poultry (~4%).
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31
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Yamamoto FY, Suehs BA, Ellis M, Bowles PR, Older CE, Hume ME, Bake GG, Cammack JA, Tomberlin JK, Gatlin DM. Dietary fishmeal replacement by black soldier fly larvae meals affected red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) production performance and intestinal microbiota depending on what feed substrate the insect larvae were offered. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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32
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Ferreira R, Lourenço S, Lopes A, Andrade C, Câmara JS, Castilho P, Perestrelo R. Evaluation of Fatty Acids Profile as a Useful Tool towards Valorization of By-Products of Agri-Food Industry. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112867. [PMID: 34829147 PMCID: PMC8624466 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the food industry generates a large number of by-products from a wide variety of sources. These by-products represent an interesting and economical source of added value components with potential functionalities and/or bioactivities, which might be explored for industrial purposes, encouraging and promoting the circular economy concept. In this context, the current work aimed to evaluate the fatty acids (FAs) profile using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), as well as the determination of related health lipid indices (e.g., atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI)) as a powerful strategy to investigate the potential applications of different agri-food by-products for human nutrition and animal feeding. This work results showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the predominant group in grape pomace (72.7%), grape bunches (54.3%), and brewer’s spent grain (BSG, 59.0%), whereas carrot peels are dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs, 47.3%), and grape stems (46.2%), lees (from 50.8 to 74.1%), and potato peels (77.2%) by saturated fatty acids (SFAs). These findings represent a scientific basis for exploring the nutritional properties of agri-food by-products. Special attention should be given to grape pomace, grape bunches, and BSG since they have a high content of PUFAs (from 54.3 to 72.7%) and lower AI (from 0.11 to 0.38) and TI (from 0.30 to 0.56) indexes, suggesting their potential to provide a variety of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases including well-established hypotriglyceridemia and anti-inflammatory effects, products to which they are added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ferreira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Sílvia Lourenço
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, Av. do Porto de Pesca, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal;
- CIIMAR/CIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - André Lopes
- OOM—Observatório Oceânico da Madeira, Edifício Madeira Tecnopolo, Piso 0, Caminho da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- CCMAR—Centro de Ciências do Mar, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Andrade
- CIIMAR/CIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
- OOM—Observatório Oceânico da Madeira, Edifício Madeira Tecnopolo, Piso 0, Caminho da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (P.C.)
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Paula Castilho
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.F.); (J.S.C.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-291-705224
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33
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Fărcaș AC, Socaci SA, Chiș MS, Pop OL, Fogarasi M, Păucean A, Igual M, Michiu D. Reintegration of Brewers Spent Grains in the Food Chain: Nutritional, Functional and Sensorial Aspects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2504. [PMID: 34834863 PMCID: PMC8624837 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the pandemic situation has encouraged the idea of sustainable healthy foods leading to new trends in food consumption. Brewers spent grain (BSG) represents a potential functional food rich in fiber, protein, lipids, mineral and phenols that needs to be further exploited. In this vein, five different BSG types were collected from local breweries and valorized in cookies manufacturing. Thus, proximate composition (protein, minerals, lipids, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrates) was analyzed using AACC (American Association of Cereal Chemists) methods, DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and Folin Ciocalteu methods were used to determined antioxidant activity and total phenols, while minerals and aroma volatile compounds were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ITEX/GC-MS (in tube extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) respectively. Color and physical characteristics, together with sensorial analysis, were also evaluated. The results highlighted a significant difference between BSG samples, mainly from the total phenols, antioxidant activity and aroma volatile compounds point of view. BSG volatiles compounds from the aldehydes group such as 2-methyl-propanal, 3-methyl-butanal and 2-methyl-butanal were identified also in the final baked goods, leading to a pleasant and appreciated consumers' taste and aroma. Furthermore, cookies sensorial analysis emphasized that the sample manufactured with BSG from light and dark malt mixture was more appreciated by consumers, attaining the highest hedonic scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Corina Fărcaș
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Maria Simona Chiș
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.F.); (A.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Oana Lelia Pop
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (O.L.P.)
| | - Melinda Fogarasi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.F.); (A.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Adriana Păucean
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.F.); (A.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Marta Igual
- Food Investigation and Innovation Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Delia Michiu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.F.); (A.P.); (D.M.)
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Naibaho J, Korzeniowska M, Wojdyło A, Figiel A, Yang B, Laaksonen O, Foste M, Vilu R, Viiard E. Fiber modification of brewers’ spent grain by autoclave treatment to improve its properties as a functional food ingredient. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Bonifácio-Lopes T, Vilas Boas AA, Coscueta ER, Costa EM, Silva S, Campos D, Teixeira JA, Pintado M. Bioactive extracts from brewer's spent grain. Food Funct 2021; 11:8963-8977. [PMID: 33001088 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01426e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, antioxidant-rich extracts from brewer's spent grain (BSG) extracted by solid-to-liquid extraction using different solvents water and ethanol and their mixtures at two ratios (80% ethanol : water (v/v) and 60% ethanol : water (v/v)) were characterized. Nutritional composition was evaluated for the extracts and for the solid residues obtained after extraction. Additionally, the extracts were analyzed for the total phenolic content and individual phenolic compounds and related biological properties including antioxidant capacity (ABTS; ORAC and DNA protection), antihypertensive capacity, antibacterial activity and antibiofilm capacity. Safety was also demonstrated through genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests. The results obtained showed that while all the extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity (except ethanolic extract), the highest values were obtained for the 60% ethanol : water extract. The identification of phenolic compounds using HPLC showed that catechin and vanillin were the main compounds identified with the highest concentration being obtained for 60% ethanol : water extraction. In the biological activity assays, water and hydroethanolic extracts were multifunctional (antioxidant and antihypertensive capacity, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity), and the 80% ethanol : water presented better results in some assays. All were non-genotoxic, but the cytotoxicity was dependent on the extract concentration, with complete safe application for all up to 1 mg mL-1. Therefore, this study shows the potential of a viable green solvent based and low cost extraction recovery method of bioactive compounds from brewer's spent grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bonifácio-Lopes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal. and CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana A Vilas Boas
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ezequiel R Coscueta
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Débora Campos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José A Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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Spent Grain from Malt Whisky: Assessment of the Phenolic Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113236. [PMID: 34072250 PMCID: PMC8199313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to extract antioxidant phenolic compounds from spent grain (SG) two extraction methods were studied: the ultrasound-assisted method (US) and the Ultra-Turrax method (high stirring rate) (UT). Liquid to solid ratios, solvent concentration, time, and temperature/stirring rate were optimized. Spent grain extracts were analyzed for their total phenol content (TPC) (0.62 to 1.76 mg GAE/g SG DW for Ultra-Turrax pretreatment, and 0.57 to 2.11 mg GAE/g SG DW for ultrasound-assisted pretreatment), total flavonoid content (TFC) (0.6 to 1.67 mg QE/g SG DW for UT, and 0.5 to 1.63 mg QE/g SG DW for US), and antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical (25.88% to 79.58% for UT, and 27.49% to 78.30% for UT). TPC was greater at a high stirring rate and high exposure time up to a certain extent for the Ultra-Turrax method, and at a high temperature for the ultrasound-assisted method. P-coumaric acid (20.4 ± 1.72 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and 14.0 ± 1.14 mg/100 SG DW for US) accounted for the majority of the phenolic found compounds, followed by rosmarinic (6.5 ± 0.96 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and 4.0 ± 0.76 mg/100 SG DW for US), chlorogenic (5.4 ± 1.1 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and non-detectable for US), and vanillic acids (3.1 ± 0.8 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and 10.0 ± 1.03 mg/100 SG DW for US) were found in lower quantities. Protocatechuic (0.7 ± 0.05 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and non-detectable for US), 4-hydroxy benzoic (1.1 ± 0.06 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and non-detectable for US), and caffeic acids (0.7 ± 0.03 mg/100 SG DW for UT, and non-detectable for US) were present in very small amounts. Ultrasound-assisted and Ultra-Turrax pretreatments were demonstrated to be efficient methods to recover these value-added compounds.
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Naibaho J, Korzeniowska M. Brewers' spent grain in food systems: Processing and final products quality as a function of fiber modification treatment. J Food Sci 2021; 86:1532-1551. [PMID: 33895998 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional properties of brewers' spent grain (BSG) have been widely studied, considering its potential as a healthy food ingredient. Because of its fiber composition (amount and ratio), however, adding BSG into the food matrix to bring about changes in physical properties has been believed to impact negatively on the acceptability of the final products' properties, particularly color and texture. Fiber modification can enhance the quality of fiber and can be applied to BSG. Although it appears challenging, modifying fiber composition requires further study, particularly if the acceptability of the final products is to be improved. Furthermore, the level of fiber degradation during the modification treatment needs to be examined to meet the increased demand for BSG in final food products. This concise synthesis provides a new perspective for increasing the use of BSG as a food ingredient that is characterized by high nutrition and acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joncer Naibaho
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Korzeniowska
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Naibaho J, Korzeniowska M. The variability of physico-chemical properties of brewery spent grain from 8 different breweries. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06583. [PMID: 33869835 PMCID: PMC8035523 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to identify the differences in brewer's spent grains, which were collected from eight breweries for their physicochemical properties. The spent grains were dried until they reached stable weights, grounded to pass through a 385-μm sieve, vacuum-packed in nontransparent packaging, and kept in room temperature conditions for further analysis. The physicochemical properties, including proximate, color, water activity, water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, and density were evaluated. The results showed some differences in all measured quality parameters between all eight different spent barley grain samples. A similar pattern was noted in some properties studied. Hence, mathematical modeling of these studied properties should be undertaken with further qualities, such as fiber composition, mechanical properties, and thermal stability.
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Protein-Based Films and Coatings for Food Industry Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050769. [PMID: 33801341 PMCID: PMC7958328 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Food packaging is an area of interest not just for food producers or food marketing, but also for consumers who are more and more aware about the fact that food packaging has a great impact on food product quality and on the environment. The most used materials for the packaging of food are plastic, glass, metal, and paper. Still, over time edible films have become widely used for a variety of different products and different food categories such as meat products, vegetables, or dairy products. For example, proteins are excellent materials used for obtaining edible or non-edible coatings and films. The scope of this review is to overview the literature on protein utilization in food packages and edible packages, their functionalization, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal activities, and economic perspectives. Different vegetable (corn, soy, mung bean, pea, grass pea, wild and Pasankalla quinoa, bitter vetch) and animal (whey, casein, keratin, collagen, gelatin, surimi, egg white) protein sources are discussed. Mechanical properties, thickness, moisture content, water vapor permeability, sensorial properties, and suitability for the environment also have a significant impact on protein-based packages utilization.
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Stoffel F, Santana WDO, Fontana RC, Camassola M. Use of Pleurotus albidus mycoprotein flour to produce cookies: Evaluation of nutritional enrichment and biological activity. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Petrón M, Andrés A, Esteban G, Timón M. Study of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of extracts obtained from different craft beer by-products. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Galanakis CM. Functionality of Food Components and Emerging Technologies. Foods 2021; 10:128. [PMID: 33435589 PMCID: PMC7826514 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article introduces nutrition and functional food ingredients, explaining the widely cited terms of bioactivity, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability. The factors affecting these critical properties of food components are analyzed together with their interaction and preservation during processing. Ultimately, the effect of emerging (non-thermal) technologies on different food components (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, vitamins, polyphenols, glucosinolates, polyphenols, aroma compounds, and enzymes) is discussed in spite of preserving their functional properties. Non-thermal technologies can maintain the bioavailability of food components, improve their functional and technological properties, and increase the recovery yields from agricultural products. However, the optimization of operational parameters is vital to avoid degradation of macromolecules and the oxidation of labile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis M. Galanakis
- Research & Innovation Department, Galanakis Laboratories, P.C. 73131 Chania, Greece;
- Food Waste Recovery Group, ISEKI Food Association, P.C. 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Recovery and reuse of ionic liquid cholinium glycinate in the treatment of brewery spent grain. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Optimization of Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity in Craft Brewers' Spent Grain Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Foods 2020; 9:foods9101398. [PMID: 33023120 PMCID: PMC7599942 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraction temperature, extraction time and liquid (water) to solid ratio were optimized in order to extract antioxidant phenolic compounds from brewers’ spent grain (BSG). The extracts were analysed for their total phenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity was measured using three different methods: 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and reducing power (RP) assays. All the parameters except extraction time promoted different efficiencies for the extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds. TPC extraction was higher at lower temperatures and lower liquid/solid ratios up to a certain point. In this sense, a decrease in TPC with increasing liquid/solid ratios took place until a 16:1 ratio and a plateau was reached beyond that ratio. The highest DPPH activity was reported for 30–35 °C and 60–90 min extraction and 60–90 min extraction with a 25 mL/g ratio. ABTS values increased as the liquid to solid ratio decreased, being positively correlated with TPC (R = 0.788; p < 0.01). The highest RP was achieved at 30–33 °C extraction temperature and 10–14 mg/mL v/w ratio and at 116–120 min extraction and 16–17 mg/mL ratio. Gallic acid accounted for the majority of the phenolic compounds found, followed by hydroxyphenylacetic acid, epicatechin, and protocatechuic acid. Sinapic, 4-hydroxy benzoic, and syringic acids were also found in lower quantities. Coumaric, vanillic, ferulic, and caffeic acids were present in very small amounts. All the extracts contained phenolics and showed in vitro antioxidant activity, but the extracts obtained by using 30 °C, 121.9 min, and 10 mL/g liquid/solid ratio exhibited the highest content in TPC and antioxidant potential. The aqueous extraction of a potentially bioactive extract from BSG was demonstrated to be an efficient and simple method to recover these value-added compounds.
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Physicochemical Characterization and SEM-EDX Analysis of Brewer’s Spent Grain from the Craft Brewery Industry. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The brewing industry generates, as the primary coproduct, brewers’ spent grain (BSG). In Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, there are 17 companies that generated 282 tons of BSG by 2016. Cattle feeding is the most common type of disposal for this waste. However, it can be valorized for the production of bioenergy or as a source of added-value products. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to assess the physicochemical properties of the brewers’ spent grain from a local craft brewery, to choose the most appropriate exploitation route. Chemical and morphological analyses were carried out by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy, and the higher heating value determination. The results of the proximate analyses were 72.32% moisture, 78.47% volatile matter, 17.48% fixed carbon, and 4.05% ash. The results of the chemical analysis for extractables were 5.23% using organic solvent and 50.25% using hot water. The content determination were 17.13% lignin, 26.80% cellulose, and 37.17% hemicellulose. The results of the ultimate analysis were 43.59% C, 6.18% H, 3.46% N, and 37.22% O. The higher heating value experimentally obtained was 18.70 MJ/kg. Moreover, in the EDX analysis, Ca, P, K, and S were mainly found. It is recommendable to valorize the BSG through the xylitol, bioethanol or biogas production, because of its high moisture, hemicellulose and cellulose content.
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Zhang Z, Poojary MM, Choudhary A, Rai DK, Lund MN, Tiwari BK. Ultrasound processing of coffee silver skin, brewer's spent grain and potato peel wastes for phenolic compounds and amino acids: a comparative study. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 58:2273-2282. [PMID: 33967324 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Awareness towards utilizing food-processing by-products are increasing in health as well as environmental purview. Coffee silver skin (CSS), potato peel (PP) and brewer's spent grain (BSG) are voluminous by-products in their respective processing industries. The present study compared these three by-products for their prospective utilization in producing polyphenols-rich aqueous extracts by using ultrasound-assisted extractions (UAE). A probe-type sonicator was used for ultrasound treatments. The total phenolic contents in the extracts were assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, while the phenolic profiles of the extract was characterized by LC-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. The microstructure of the samples after UAE was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ultrasound treatment enhanced the rate of extraction and recovered 2.79, 2.12 and 0.66 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of TPC from CSS, PP and BSG, respectively in 30 min, which correspond to recoveries of 97.6%, 84.5% and 84.6%, respectively, compared to conventional solid-liquid extractions carried out for 24 h. The extraction yield was dependent on the particle size of the raw materials and the highest yield was obtained from the materials with 100-250 µm particle size. The SEM imaging revealed that ultrasound treatment caused prominent tissue damage. Extracts contained mainly hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives of phenolic acids. PP and CSS had the highest amounts of umami free amino acids (0.13 mg/g in each), while BSG contained the highest amount of essential amino acids (92 mg/g). The present work shows that CSS, PP and BSG are good sources of polyphenols and UAE can be employed to enhance the extraction efficiency as means of a green approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Zhang
- Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, D15 KN3K Ireland
| | - Mahesha M Poojary
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Alka Choudhary
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, D15 KN3K Ireland
| | - Dilip K Rai
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, D15 KN3K Ireland
| | - Marianne N Lund
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, D15 KN3K Ireland
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Abstract
This review was based on updated research on how to use brewer’s spent grains (BSG). The use of BSG was considered both in food, as an ingredient or using value-added components derived from brewer’s spent grain, or in non-food products such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, construction, or food packaging. BSG is a valuable source of individual components due to its high nutritional value and low cost that is worth exploiting more to reduce food waste but also to improve human health and the environment. From the bioeconomy point of view, biological resources are transformed into bioenergetically viable and economically valuable products. The pretreatment stage of BSG biomass plays an important role in the efficiency of the extraction process and the yield obtained. The pretreatments presented in this review are both conventional and modern extraction methods, such as solvent extractions or microwave-assisted extractions, ultrasonic-assisted extractions, etc.
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Pulsed electric field (PEF) as pre-treatment to improve the phenolic compounds recovery from brewers' spent grains. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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49
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Pop A, Păucean A, Socaci SA, Alexa E, Man SM, Mureșan V, Chiş MS, Salanță L, Popescu I, Berbecea A, Muste S. Quality Characteristics and Volatile Profile of Macarons Modified with Walnut Oilcake By-product. Molecules 2020; 25:E2214. [PMID: 32397336 PMCID: PMC7249020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnut oilcake is a low-cost by-product of the edible oil industry but at the same time it is a valuable source of dietary fiber, natural antioxidants, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the context of health-friendly confectionary food products and to reduce the production cost, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of walnut oilcake by-product on the quality characteristics and volatile profile of modified macarons. For this purpose, GC-MS and ITEX/GC-MS techniques were used to obtain the fatty acids methyl esters and the volatile profiles; physicochemical analyzes were performed to determine the nutritional characteristics and a nine-point hedonic scale test was performed for the sensory characteristics. The substitution of almond flour with 0%, 10%, 25% and 50% walnut oilcake powder increased the fiber, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity. Hedonic scores of the macaron samples made with different percentage of walnut oilcake decreased to additions of over 10%. Moreover, this result is emphasized by Pearson's correlation parameters indicating as optimal addition for modified macarons, percentages up to 10% of walnut oilcake. This approach could reduce the costs related to the acquisition of the ingredients due to the oilcake price which is 3% of the almonds flour price.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Pop
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (S.M.M.); (V.M.); (M.S.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Adriana Păucean
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (S.M.M.); (V.M.); (M.S.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Ersilia Alexa
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Agro-Food Technologies, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania”, 300641 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Simona Maria Man
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (S.M.M.); (V.M.); (M.S.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Vlad Mureșan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (S.M.M.); (V.M.); (M.S.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Maria Simona Chiş
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (S.M.M.); (V.M.); (M.S.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Liana Salanță
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Iuliana Popescu
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania”, 300641 Timişoara, Romania; (I.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Adina Berbecea
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania”, 300641 Timişoara, Romania; (I.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Sevastiţa Muste
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.P.); (S.M.M.); (V.M.); (M.S.C.); (S.M.)
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50
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Chiş MS, Pop A, Păucean A, Socaci SA, Alexa E, Man SM, Bota M, Muste S. Fatty Acids, Volatile and Sensory Profile of Multigrain Biscuits Enriched with Spent Malt Rootles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030442. [PMID: 31973089 PMCID: PMC7037562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent malt rootlets, a by-product of the brewing industry, are a rich source of protein, essential amino acids, healthy fats, polyphenols and minerals, and could be a new promising type of raw material from the nutritional, economic, sensory, and technical perspectives. However, their specific aroma profile could limit their addition in baked products. The aim of this work was to study the effect of spent malt rootlets addition on volatile derivatives of enriched biscuits in relation to their sensory profile. For this purpose, spent malt rootlets and enriched biscuits (0-25% spent malt rootlets added) were analyzed by GC-MS techniques, in order to obtain their fatty acids methyl esters and volatile compounds profile, while for the sensory analysis a nine-point hedonic score test was used. The results of this study reveal the fatty acids and volatile profile of spent malt rootlets and of the enriched biscuits with spent malt rootlets pointing out the contribution of fatty acids to the generation of aroma compounds. The influence of different aroma compounds on the consumer's preferences was studied and the optimum level addition of spent malt rootlets in multigrain biscuits was found to be 15%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Simona Chiş
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5, Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.C.); (A.P.); (S.M.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Anamaria Pop
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5, Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.C.); (A.P.); (S.M.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-744-604728
| | - Adriana Păucean
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5, Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.C.); (A.P.); (S.M.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5, Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ersilia Alexa
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Agro-food Technologies, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania”, 119 Calea Aradului Street, 300641 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Simona Maria Man
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5, Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.C.); (A.P.); (S.M.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Monica Bota
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5, Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.C.); (A.P.); (S.M.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Sevastiţa Muste
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3–5, Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.C.); (A.P.); (S.M.M.); (M.B.); (S.M.)
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