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Qi J, Li J, Zhu X, Zhao S. Endothelial cell specific molecule 1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cervical cancer via the E-box binding homeobox 1. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304597. [PMID: 38954708 PMCID: PMC11218952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of endothelial cell specific molecule 1 (ESM1) promoting cervical cancer cell proliferation and EMT characteristics through zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)/EMT pathway. METHODS The correlation between ESM1 expression and prognosis of cervical cancer patients was analyzed by bioinformatics. SiHa, HeLa cell lines and corresponding control cell lines with stable ESM1 expression were obtained. Cell proliferation ability was detected by CCK-8 assay. The invasion and migration ability of Hela and SiHa cells were detected by Transwell assay and scratch closure assay. Expressions of EMT-related markers E-cadherin and Vimentin were detected by real-time PCR. The ability of silenced ESM1 to tumor formation in vivo was detected by tumor formation in nude mice. The effects of aloe-emodin on inhibit ESM1 expression and its inhibitory effect on cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo were analyzed by the same method. RESULTS ESM1 was highly expressed in cervical cancer, and the high expression of ESM1 was associated with poor prognosis of cervical cancer patients. CCK-8 results showed that the proliferation, invasion and migration of Hela and SiHa cells were significantly reduced after siRNA interfered with ESM1 expression. Overexpression of ESM1 promoted the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells. Mechanism studies have shown that the oncogenic effect of ESM1 is realized through the ZEB1/PI3K/AKT pathway. High throughput drug screening found that aloe-emodin can target ESM1. Inhibitory effect of aloe emodin on ESM1/ZEB1/EMT signaling pathway and cervical cancer cells. CONCLUSION The silencing of ESM1 expression may inhibit the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting ZEB1/PI3K/AKT. Aloe-emodin is a potential treatment for cervical cancer, which can play an anti-tumor role by inhibiting ESM1/ZEB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sufen Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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Zhou J, Zhou P, Wang J, Song J. Roles of endothelial cell specific molecule‑1 in tumor angiogenesis (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 27:137. [PMID: 38357478 PMCID: PMC10865172 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis, and is heavily influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Endothelial cell dysfunction is a key factor in tumor angiogenesis and is characterized by the aberrant expression of pro-angiogenic factors. Endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (ESM1), also known as endocan, is a marker of endothelial cell dysfunction. Although ESM1 is primarily expressed in normal endothelial cells, dysregulated ESM1 expression has been observed in human tumors and animal tumor models, and implicated in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. The precise role of ESM1 in tumor angiogenesis and its potential regulatory mechanisms are not yet conclusively defined. However, the aim of the present review was to explore the involvement of ESM1 in the process of tumor angiogenesis in the TME and the characteristics of neovascularization. In addition, the present review discusses the interaction between ESM1 and angiogenic factors, as well as the mechanisms through which ESM1 contributes to tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, the reciprocal regulation between ESM1 and the TME is explored. Finally, the potential of targeting ESM1 as a therapeutic strategy for tumor angiogenesis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- College of Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Wang
- College of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
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Morace C, Curatola SL, Mandraffino G, Scuruchi M, Serrano' AE, Tropeano A, Lombardo F, Salzano G, Squadrito G, Versace AG, Valenzise M. Serum endocan as a predictive biomarker of cardiovascular risk in obese pediatric patients. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:108. [PMID: 37653524 PMCID: PMC10468868 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocan is a soluble dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (50 kDa) secreted by endothelial cells and expressed by dermal, coronary, pulmonary and adipose tissue microvasculature. It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular disorders, inflammatory state, endothelium dysfunction and neoangiogenesis. Aims of the study were to compare fasting serum endocan levels between children with obesity and healthy controls and to investigate the relationships between endocan, body mass index (BMI) and other indices of cardiometabolic risk. METHODS This single-center, observational, retrospective study included 19 pediatric patients with obesity aged 11.94 ± 0.52 years and 19 lean matched controls. Each patient underwent clinical and auxological examination and laboratory investigations including routine organs function tests and lipid profile. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Fasting endocan serum levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Compared to healthy subjects, serum endocan levels were found to be significantly upraised in children with obesity. Endocan resulted significantly correlated with insulin levels (rho 0.47; p = 0.04); in addition, an association with HOMA-IR values with a trend toward the statistical significance (rho 0.43; p = 0.07) was found. No significant correlation with fasting blood glucose values and lipid serum levels was demonstrated. Although not statistically significant, a correlation between endocan and the presence and grading of liver steatosis on ultrasound (rho 0.51; p = 0.08 and rho 0.51; p = 0.08, respectively) was found. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the association between endothelial damage and insulin resistance in children with obesity. Endocan could be used as a biomarker of early endothelial dysfunction in children with obesity and could be a valid predictor of future cardiovascular risk in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Morace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Selenia Lorenza Curatola
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, Unit of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 98126, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Tropeano
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, Unit of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 98126, Messina, Italy
| | - Fortunato Lombardo
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, Unit of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 98126, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Salzano
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, Unit of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 98126, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Mariella Valenzise
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, Unit of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 98126, Messina, Italy.
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Laloğlu F, Laloğlu E, Ceviz N, Güler MA. Serum endocan levels in children with rheumatic aortic insufficiency: can it differentiate bicuspid aortic valve disease from rheumatic heart disease? Cardiol Young 2023; 33:1396-1400. [PMID: 36102262 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122002530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study, it was aimed to examine the serum endocan levels in patients with rheumatic aortic regurgitation and to investigate whether it has a value in differentiating it from aortic regurgitation due to bicuspid aortic valve. METHODS Blood samples were collected from patients with rheumatic aortic regurgitation (Group 1), incidentally diagnosed patients with borderline or definite rheumatic aortic regurgitation (Group 2), children with bicuspid aortic valve accompanied by aortic regurgitation (Group 3) and healthy children (Group 4) of similar age. RESULTS There were 12 children in Group 1, 13 in Group 2, 25 in Group 3, and 25 in Group 4. Groups were similar in terms of age (p = 0.291). There was no statistically significant difference between median serum endocan levels of Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0.624), and Group 3 and Group 4 (p = 0.443). Despite that, the median serum endocan levels of Group 1 and Group 2 were significantly higher than that of both Group 3 and Group 4 (p = 0.000 for all). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that serum endocan level can be used to differentiate rheumatic aortic regurgitation from non-rheumatic aortic regurgitation. It is thought that the prognostic role of this marker should be confirmed in long-term, prospective studies with larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Laloğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Laloğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Naci Ceviz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Akif Güler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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Aliquò F, Minuti A, Avenoso A, Mandraffino G, Campo GM, Campo S, D'Ascola A, Scuruchi M. Endocan Promotes Pro-Tumorigenic Signaling in Lung Cancer Cells: Modulation of Cell Proliferation, Migration and lncRNAs H19 and HULC Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098178. [PMID: 37175885 PMCID: PMC10179037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocan is a circulating proteoglycan secreted by several cell lines and identified as a potential biomarker of inflammation and angiogenesis. Endocan-increased expression has been found in a broad spectrum of human tumors, including lung cancer, and is associated with a poor prognosis. To elucidate the possible mechanism, this study aimed to investigate the role of endocan in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) using an in vitro model of cultured cells. Endocan expression was knocked down by using a specific small interfering RNA. The effects of endocan knockdown have been evaluated on VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, HIF-1α, the long non-coding RNAs H19 and HULC expression, and AKT and ERK 1/2 degree of activation. Cell migration and proliferation have been studied as well. VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, HIF-1α, and the long non-coding RNAs H19 and HULC expression were significantly affected by endocan knockdown. These effects correlated with a reduction of cell migration and proliferation and of AKT and ERK 1/2 activation. Our findings suggest that endocan promotes a more aggressive cancer cell phenotype in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Aliquò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Aurelio Minuti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Avenoso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maurizio Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Bocu K, Batur AF, Celik ZE, Gül M, Altıntas E, Kaynar M, Kılıç O, Akand M, Tataroglu SN, Goktas S. Prognostic role of the endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 histopathologic expression in renal cell cancer. Urol Oncol 2023:S1078-1439(23)00093-5. [PMID: 37127479 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To measure the level of endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) expression among the Renal Cell Cancer (RCC) variants using by immunohistochemical method and determine the relationship between ESM-1 expression and RCC prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS ESM-1 immunoreactivity scores (IR) were measured in appropriate renal tumoral tissue blocks of 153 consecutive RCC patients in this retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Mean ESM-1 IR scores were calculated in patients who were pathologically diagnosed with clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC (pRCC), and chromophobe RCC (chRCC). Progression-free survival and overall survival were evaluated using the log-rank test according to ESM-1 IR scores. Survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS In the ccRCC group, the mean ESM-1 IR scores of those with local invasion were significantly higher than those without local invasion (P = 0.014). The mean ESM-1 IR score of patients with metastatic ccRCC was significantly higher than those with non-metastatic ccRCC (P < 0.001). Considering all patients regardless of RCC subtype pathologies, the mean ESM-1 IR score in clinical stage 1 tumor was 3.82 ± 1.98, 4.87 ± 1.74 in clinical stage 2, 5.88 ± 2 in clinical stage 3, and 6.60 ± 2.23 in clinical stage 4. The mean ESM-1 IR score of patients with metastatic ccRCC was significantly higher than those with non-metastatic ccRCC (P < 0.001). The mean follow-up period for all patients in this study was 71 months (range 1-120 months). It has been shown that the higher the ESM-1 IR score, the lower the 10-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates (P = 0.026, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Immunohistochemical expression of ESM-1 may be a promising prognostic biomarker in RCC. Currently, some prognostic scoring systems are available for patients with localized and metastasized RCC. Incorporating ESM-1 expression in RCC into these existing prognostic scoring systems could improve these models and enhance the quality of individual oncologic management in RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Bocu
- Department of Urology, Silopi State Hospital, Sirnak, Turkey.
| | - Ali Furkan Batur
- Department of Urology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Esin Celik
- Department of Pathology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Murat Gül
- Department of Urology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Emre Altıntas
- Department of Urology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kaynar
- Department of Urology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Kılıç
- Department of Urology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Murat Akand
- Department of Urology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Flemish Region, Belgium
| | | | - Serdar Goktas
- Department of Urology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
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Thomas JA, Gireesh Moly AG, Xavier H, Suboj P, Ladha A, Gupta G, Singh SK, Palit P, Babykutty S. Enhancement of immune surveillance in breast cancer by targeting hypoxic tumor endothelium: Can it be an immunological switch point? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1063051. [PMID: 37056346 PMCID: PMC10088512 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1063051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer ranks second among the causes of cancer-related deaths in women. In spite of the recent advances achieved in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, further study is required to overcome the risk of cancer resistance to treatment and thereby improve the prognosis of individuals with advanced-stage breast cancer. The existence of a hypoxic microenvironment is a well-known event in the development of mutagenesis and rapid proliferation of cancer cells. Tumor cells, purposefully cause local hypoxia in order to induce angiogenesis and growth factors that promote tumor growth and metastatic characteristics, while healthy tissue surrounding the tumor suffers damage or mutate. It has been found that these settings with low oxygen levels cause immunosuppression and a lack of immune surveillance by reducing the activation and recruitment of tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TILs). The immune system is further suppressed by hypoxic tumor endothelium through a variety of ways, which creates an immunosuppressive milieu in the tumor microenvironment. Non responsiveness of tumor endothelium to inflammatory signals or endothelial anergy exclude effector T cells from the tumor milieu. Expression of endothelial specific antigens and immunoinhibitory molecules like Programmed death ligand 1,2 (PDL-1, 2) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) by tumor endothelium adds fuel to the fire by inhibiting T lymphocytes while promoting regulatory T cells. The hypoxic microenvironment in turn recruits Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs), Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) and T regulatory cells (Treg). The structure and function of newly generated blood vessels within tumors, on the other hand, are aberrant, lacking the specific organization of normal tissue vasculature. Vascular normalisation may work for a variety of tumour types and show to be an advantageous complement to immunotherapy for improving tumour access. By enhancing immune response in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, via immune-herbal therapeutic and immune-nutraceuticals based approaches that leverage immunological evasion of tumor, will be briefly reviewed in this article. Whether these tactics may be the game changer for emerging immunological switch point to attenuate the breast cancer growth and prevent metastatic cell division, is the key concern of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juvin Ann Thomas
- Centre for Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment, Department of Zoology, Mar Ivanios College, Nalanchira, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Athira Gireesh Gireesh Moly
- Centre for Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment, Department of Zoology, Mar Ivanios College, Nalanchira, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Hima Xavier
- Centre for Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment, Department of Zoology, Mar Ivanios College, Nalanchira, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Suboj
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, St. Xaviers College, Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Amit Ladha
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West-Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Partha Palit
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam, India
| | - Suboj Babykutty
- Centre for Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment, Department of Zoology, Mar Ivanios College, Nalanchira, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Delprat V, Huart C, Feron O, Soncin F, Michiels C. The impact of macrophages on endothelial cells is potentiated by cycling hypoxia: Enhanced tumor inflammation and metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:961753. [PMID: 36248978 PMCID: PMC9554541 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.961753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycling hypoxia (cyH), neo-angiogenesis, and tumor-associated macrophages are key features of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we demonstrate that cyH potentiates the induction by unpolarized and M1-like macrophages of endothelial inflammatory phenotype and adhesiveness for monocytes and cancer cells. This process triggers a positive feedback loop sustaining tumor inflammation. This work opens the door for innovative therapeutic strategies to treat tumor inflammation and metastasis. In cancers, the interaction between macrophages and endothelial cells (ECs) regulates tumor inflammation and metastasis. These cells are both affected by cycling hypoxia (cyH), also called intermittent hypoxia, a feature of the tumor microenvironment. cyH is also known to favor tumor inflammation and metastasis. Nonetheless, the potential impact of cyH on the dialog between macrophages and ECs is still unknown. In this work, the effects of unpolarized, M1-like, and M2-like macrophages exposed to normoxia, chronic hypoxia (chH), and cyH on endothelial adhesion molecule expression, pro-inflammatory gene expression, and EC adhesiveness for monocytes and cancer cells were investigated. cyH increased the ability of unpolarized and M1-like macrophages to induce EC inflammation and to increase the expression of the EC endothelial adhesion molecule ICAM1, respectively. Unpolarized, M1-like, and M2-like macrophages were all able to promote EC adhesive properties toward cancer cells. Furthermore, the ability of macrophages (mostly M1-like) to shift EC phenotype toward one allowing cancer cell and monocyte adhesion onto ECs was potentiated by cyH. These effects were specific to cyH because they were not observed with chH. Together, these results show that cyH amplifies the effects of macrophages on ECs, which may promote tumor inflammation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Delprat
- Biochemistry and Cellular Biology Research Unit (URBC), Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Camille Huart
- Biochemistry and Cellular Biology Research Unit (URBC), Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH 5349), Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Soncin
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems/Centre National de la Recherche scientifique- International Collaborative Research Center (LIMMS/CNRS-IIS) (Unité Mixte Internationale (UMI) 2820), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/International Collaborative Research Center (CNRS/IIS/COL) Lille University Seeding Microsystems in Medecine in Lille (SMMiL) – European-Japanese Technologies against Cancer-E Project, CNRS Délégation Nord-Pas de Calais et Picardie, Cedex, France
- Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Université de Lille, CNRS, Lille, France
| | - Carine Michiels
- Biochemistry and Cellular Biology Research Unit (URBC), Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Carine Michiels,
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Jin H, Kim HJ. P2Y2R-Mediated PAK1 Activation Is Involved in ESM-1 Overexpression in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 through FoxO1 Regulation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174124. [PMID: 36077661 PMCID: PMC9454712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ESM-1, overexpressed in several cancer types, is a potential cancer diagnostic and prognostic indicator. In our previous study, we determined that RT-R-TNBC cells were more aggressive than TNBC cells, and this difference was associated with ESM-1 overexpression. However, the mechanism explaining upregulated ESM-1 expression in RT-R-TNBC cells compared to TNBC cells was unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify the mechanism by which ESM-1 is overexpressed in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells. RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with various ESM-1 transcription factor inhibitors, and only the FoxO1 inhibitor downregulated ESM-1 expression. FoxO1 nuclear localization was modulated by JNK and p38 MAPKs, which were differentially regulated by PKC, PDK1 and PAK1. PAK1 profoundly modulated JNK and p38 MAPKs, whereas PKC and PDK1 affected only p38 MAPK. P2Y2R activated by ATP, which is highly released from RT-R-BC cells, was involved in PAK1 activation, subsequent JNK and p38 MAPK activation, FoxO1 induction, and ESM-1 expression in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings suggest for the first time that ESM-1 was overexpressed in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells and regulated through the P2Y2R-PAK1-FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-8074
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Celik F, Aydin S. Blood and aqueous humor phoenixin, endocan and spexin in patients with diabetes mellitus and cataract with and without diabetic retinopathy. Peptides 2022; 150:170728. [PMID: 34971675 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peptide phoenixin (PNX), endocan (EDC), and spexin (SPX) are associated with diabetes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of PNX, EDC and SPX in the blood and aqueous humor (AH) of patient with type 2 diabetes with and without DRP and cataract. 30 type 2 diabetes patients with cataract (DM + C), 30 DRP patient with cataract (DRP + C), 30 non-diabetic patient with only cataract and 30 control participants were enrolled into this study. PNX, EDC, and SPX were measured in blood and AH by ELISA. In patients with DRP + C, the levels of PNX and EDC were significantly higher in both AH and blood samples compared with the group of patients without DRP + C (<0.05). Also, in patients with DM + C, the levels of PNX and EDC were higher in both AH and blood samples compared with the group of patients without DM + C. However, in patients with DRP + C, the levels of SPX were significantly lower in both AH and blood samples compared with the group of patients without DRP + C (<0.05). Also, in patients with DM + C, the levels of SPX were also lower in both AH and blood samples compared with the group of patients without DM + C. These findings suggest that increased PNX, EDC, and decreased SPX amounts in blood and AH of DM + C and DRP + C groups when compared with control and cataract groups show that they might have a role in the pathophysiology of DM + C, especially in the DRP + C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Celik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Health Science University, Elazig Campus, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, (Firat Hormones Research Group), School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
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Reikvam H, Hatfield KJ, Wendelbo Ø, Lindås R, Lassalle P, Bruserud Ø. Endocan in Acute Leukemia: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040492. [PMID: 35454082 PMCID: PMC9027427 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocan is a soluble dermatan sulfate proteoglycan expressed by endothelial cells and detected in serum/plasma. Its expression is increased in tumors/tumor vessels in several human malignancies, and high expression (high serum/plasma levels or tumor levels) has an adverse prognostic impact in several malignancies. The p14 endocan degradation product can also be detected in serum/plasma, but previous clinical studies as well as previously unpublished results presented in this review suggest that endocan and p14 endocan fragment levels reflect different biological characteristics, and the endocan levels seem to reflect the disease heterogeneity in acute leukemia better than the p14 fragment levels. Furthermore, decreased systemic endocan levels in previously immunocompetent sepsis patients are associated with later severe respiratory complications, but it is not known whether this is true also for immunocompromised acute leukemia patients. Finally, endocan is associated with increased early nonrelapse mortality in (acute leukemia) patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and this adverse prognostic impact seems to be independent of the adverse impact of excessive fluid overload. Systemic endocan levels may also become important to predict cytokine release syndrome after immunotherapy/haploidentical transplantation, and in the long-term follow-up of acute leukemia survivors with regard to cardiovascular risk. Therapeutic targeting of endocan is now possible, and the possible role of endocan in acute leukemia should be further investigated to clarify whether the therapeutic strategy should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (Ø.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Kimberley Joanne Hatfield
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Øystein Wendelbo
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (Ø.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Roald Lindås
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (Ø.W.); (R.L.)
| | - Philippe Lassalle
- Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
- Center for Infection and Immunity, le Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Univeristy of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Equipe Immunité Pulmonaire, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (Ø.W.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Pan KF, Yang YC, Lee WJ, Hua KT, Chien MH. Proteoglycan Endocan: A multifaceted therapeutic target in Cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188672. [PMID: 34953930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocan is known to be a circulating dermatan sulfate proteoglycan that regulates endothelial cell function. Dysregulation of endocan expression is observed not only in the tumor vasculature but also in cancer cells. Accumulating evidence has revealed that disordered endocan facilitates cancer progression via enhancing cancer cell proliferation, cell mobility, and cancer stemness properties. Recently, various interacting proteins and diverse subcellular localizations of endocan were identified in cancer cells. Herein, we summarize the application of endocan in cancer diagnoses and prognoses using serum and tumor specimens. We further discuss that the aberrant molecular characteristics of endocan may be due to the mislocalization of endocan in cancer cells. Defining the specific cellular roles of endocan will provide a promising diagnostic factor and therapeutic target for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Fan Pan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Huang YG, Wang Y, Zhu RJ, Tang K, Tang XB, Su XM. EMS1/DLL4-Notch Signaling Axis Augments Cell Cycle-Mediated Tumorigenesis and Progress in Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:771579. [PMID: 34858850 PMCID: PMC8631517 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.771579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant neoplasm that is prone to local invasion and metastasis. Meanwhile, overexpressed endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) is closely related to tumorigenesis of multitudinous tumors. However, the prognosis value and biological function of ESM1 in ACC remains undefined. In the current essay, the assessment in human ACC samples and multiple public cancer databases suggested that ESM1 was significantly overexpressed in ACC patients. The abnormal expression of ESM1 was evidently correlated with dismal overall survival (OS) in ACC patients. Then, the gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to unravel that ESM1 was mostly involved in cell cycle and Notch4 signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vitro experiment, RNA interference of ESM1 was carried out to state that ESM1 augments CDK1 and p21-mediated G2/M-phase transition of mitosis, cell proliferation via DLL4-Notch signaling pathway in human ACC cell line, SW13 cells. Additionally, two possible or available therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy and chemotherapy, have been further explored. Immune infiltration analysis highlighted that no significant difference was found in ACC patients between EMS1high and EMS1low group for immune checkpoint-related genes. In addition, the overexpression of ESM1 might trigger the accumulation of tumor mutation burden (TMB) during the cell cycle of DNA replication in ACC. The gene-drug interaction network then indicated that ESM1 inhibitors, such as cisplatin, might serve as potential drugs for the therapy of ACC. Collectively, the results asserted that ESM1 and related regulators might act as underlying prognostic biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets for ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Gang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-Juan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Pediatric, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xian-Bin Tang
- Department of Pathology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiao-Min Su
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
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14
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Zhang H, Shen YW, Zhang LJ, Chen JJ, Bian HT, Gu WJ, Zhang H, Chen HZ, Zhang WD, Luan X. Targeting Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule 1 Protein in Cancer: A Promising Therapeutic Approach. Front Oncol 2021; 11:687120. [PMID: 34109132 PMCID: PMC8181400 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.687120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the dramatic advances in cancer research in the past few years, effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM-1), a soluble dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, also known as endocan, serves as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator due to its aberrant expression under pathological conditions, including cancer, sepsis, kidney diseases, and cardiovascular disease. Significantly, ESM-1 can promote cancer progression and metastasis through the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistant. In addition, ESM-1 is involved in the tumor microenvironment, containing inflammation, angiogenesis, and lymph angiogenesis. This article reviews the molecular and biological characteristics of ESM-1 in cancer, the underlying mechanisms, the currently clinical and pre-clinical applications, and potential therapeutic strategies. Herein, we propose that ESM-1 is a new therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wen Shen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Jiao Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ting Bian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Gu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Evaluation of serum endocan levels in relation to epicardial fat tissue thickness in metabolic syndrome patients. ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL SCIENCES. ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASES 2021; 5:e290-e296. [PMID: 33644488 PMCID: PMC7885812 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2020.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic syndrome has been recognized as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases. Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) thickness has recently been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular diseases in metabolic syndrome patients. Endocan is a novel molecule which is considered to be an early marker of endothelial dysfunction. Our aim was to evaluate endocan serum levels for the first time in metabolic syndrome patients, in relation to EFT thickness. Material and methods The study included 44 patients with metabolic syndrome who had neither chronic kidney disease nor chronic inflammation and 26 healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were obtained from the groups. The serum levels of endocan were measured with a Sunred ELISA kit. EFT thickness of patients was measured by echocardiography. Results The serum endocan levels were significantly lower in the metabolic syndrome patients compared to the healthy controls (120.71 ±90.17 pg/ml vs. 414.59 ±277.57, p < 0.001). Metabolic syndrome patients demonstrated significantly higher EFT (p = 0.042). EFT thickness had a positive correlation with age (r = 0.397, p = 0.008) and weight (r = 0.010). However, there was no correlation with serum endocan (r = –0.021, p = 0.893) or other parameters. Regression analysis revealed that waist circumference is the parameter among metabolic syndrome criteria having the strongest relationship with serum endocan levels (β = –0.499, p = 0.21). Conclusions EFT thickness was high in metabolic syndrome patients and can be a useful marker for cardiovascular risk assessment. However, serum endocan levels were found to be low and there was no correlation with EFT thickness. Large sample sized prospective studies are needed to clarify the relation of endocan levels with the other clinical indicators of cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome.
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16
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Scuruchi M, D'Ascola A, Avenoso A, Mandraffino G, Campo S, Campo GM. Endocan, a novel inflammatory marker, is upregulated in human chondrocytes stimulated with IL-1 beta. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1589-1597. [PMID: 33398666 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocan is a circulating proteoglycan, involved in immunity, inflammation, and endothelial function. It has been recently suggested as a biomarker of inflammation, increased angiogenesis, and cancer. In vitro studies have shown that endocan expression could be upregulated by inflammatory cytokines and proangiogenic molecules. High endocan levels were also shown in arthritic joint tissues and particularly in sites characterized by severe inflammation. This study was performed to evaluate endocan expression in chondrocytes stimulated with IL-ß. mRNA and related protein production were measured for endocan, TNF-α, and IL-6. NF-kB activity was also evaluated. IL-1ß treatment induced a significant upregulation of both endocan and the inflammatory parameters as well as NF-kB activity. The treatment of chondrocytes with the specific NF-kB inhibitor before IL-1ß stimulation was able to reduce endocan and the inflammatory markers over-expression. The results of our study indicated that endocan is also expressed in human chondrocytes; furthermore, consistent with previous results in other cell types and tissues, IL-1ß-induced inflammatory response involves the expression of endocan through NF-kB activation. In this context, endocan seems to be an important inflammatory marker associated with the activation of NF-kB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Avenoso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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17
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Guralp O, Kaya B, Tüten N, Kucur M, Malik E, Tüten A. Non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis and moderate-severe endometriosis with serum CA125, endocan, YKL-40, and copeptin quadruple panel. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2020; 41:927-932. [PMID: 33064040 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1803245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Considering the complex pathogenesis of endometriosis, which is associated with many cellular or molecular processes, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, we evaluated the diagnostic value of a quadruple panel of serum markers CA125, endocan, YKL-40 and copeptin, for the prediction of endometriosis and moderate - severe endometriosis. Seventy women with endometriosis and 70 women without endometriosis were evaluated. Serum CA125, endocan, copeptin and YKL-40 levels were significantly increased in women with endometriosis compared to the women without endometriosis and in the minimal - mild endometriosis group compared to the no-endometriosis group. YKL-40, endocan and copeptin levels were significantly increased in the moderate - severe endometriosis group compared to the mild -moderate endometriosis group but the difference in CA125 levels remained non-significant. The quadruple panel score had an AUC of 0.954, a sensitivity of 96.5% and specificity of 84.6% for prediction of moderate - severe endometriosis. Zero or one positive marker had a sensitivity of 91.4% and specificity of 88.57% to rule out endometriosis. In conclusion, a quadruple panel of serum markers-CA125, endocan, YKL-40, and copeptin may be beneficial for the diagnosis of endometriosis and especially moderate - severe endometriosis. Further studies are needed to prove the efficacy of this panel.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Many serum markers including CA125 have been investigated so far and suggested to be associated with endometriosis. However, none of these markers is sensitive and specific enough to diagnose endometriosis.What do the results of this study add? A quadruple panel score (CA125, endocan, YKL-4 and copeptin) had an AUC of 0.954, a sensitivity of 96.5% and specificity of 84.6% for prediction of moderate - severe endometriosis.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? A high score may be beneficial to warn the surgeon about the risk of moderate to severe endometriosis if the patient will be operated anyway. A negative test of the quadruple panel may show high odds that there is no endometriosis which may prevent unnecessary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Guralp
- University Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Carl von Ossietzky Oldenburg University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Baris Kaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kosuyolu Hospital, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevin Tüten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Kucur
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eduard Malik
- University Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Carl von Ossietzky Oldenburg University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Abdullah Tüten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Zhao L, Dai C, Gong Q. Changes of Endocan and its effect on hepatic stem cells during the rapid proliferation process of residual liver after ALPPS procedure. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:817-825. [PMID: 32515027 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To establish a stable animal model of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS), as well as to explore whether Endocan and HGF/c-Met signalling pathway participate in the regeneration of residual liver through hepatic stem cells after ALPPS procedure. C57BL/6J male mice weighing 18-22 g were used in this study. The liver regeneration index was expressed as the ratio of Future Liver Remnant (FLR)/Body weight (BW) × 100%. Expression of hepatic stem cell marker CK19 was assessed by immunohistochemical method. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Endocan were detected by ELISA. VEGF, Endocan and c-Met contents in residual liver were observed by Western blot analysis. The expression levels of Endocan and HGF/c-Met pathway-related genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Compared with the portal vein ligation (PVL) group and sham group, the ALPPS group had more CK19 positive cells and a higher liver regeneration index (P < .05). The serum levels of VEGF in the ALPPS group were increased significantly (P < .05) from the first day and decreased from the second day after surgery, and maintained consistently higher than that of the sham group (P < .05). Western blot showed that the expressions of VEGF and Endocan in ALPPS group were significantly higher than those in both sham and PVL groups at different time points. The Endocan plays a role in the rapid regeneration of residual liver after ALPPS, likely through the interaction with the HGF/c-Met pathway to affect the hepatic stem cell population. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Our animal study provides valuable insights on the effect of Endocan in the process of rapid regeneration of residual liver after ALPPS, which would lead to the possible expansion of clinical research on ALPPS surgery and further studies on its molecular underpinning during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chaoliu Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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19
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Kano K, Sakamaki K, Oue N, Kimura Y, Hashimoto I, Hara K, Maezawa Y, Aoyama T, Fujikawa H, Hiroshima Y, Yamada T, Tamagawa H, Yamamoto N, Ogata T, Cho H, Ito H, Shiozawa M, Yukawa N, Yoshikawa T, Morinaga S, Rino Y, Yasui W, Masuda M, Miyagi Y, Oshima T. Impact of the ESM-1 Gene Expression on Outcomes in Stage II/III Gastric Cancer Patients Who Received Adjuvant S-1 Chemotherapy. In Vivo 2020; 34:461-467. [PMID: 31882514 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) is a soluble proteoglycan which has important role in various biological events. We investigated the impact of the ESM-1 expression in cancer tissues on outcomes in stage II/III gastric cancer patients who received adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The ESM-1 mRNA expression in cancerous tissues and adjacent normal mucosa from 253 patients was measured. The associations between the ESM-1 gene expression and the survival and clinicopathological features were investigated. RESULTS A significant association was observed between high ESM-1 expression and undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. The overall survival curve was significantly lower in patients with high ESM-1 expression than in those with low expression (p=0.005). High ESM-1 expression was a significant independent prognosticator (HR=2.291, p=0.007). CONCLUSION ESM-1 gene expression in cancerous tissues is an important prognosticator in stage II/III gastric cancer patients who received adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sakamaki
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Itaru Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukio Maezawa
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Aoyama
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirohito Fujikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamagawa
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Cho
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Department of Respiratory Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Manabu Shiozawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Norio Yukawa
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Morinaga
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Munetaka Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
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20
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ESM-1 Overexpression is Involved in Increased Tumorigenesis of Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061363. [PMID: 32466580 PMCID: PMC7352712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The key barrier to the effectiveness of radiotherapy remains the radioresistance of breast cancer cells, resulting in increased tumor recurrence and metastasis. Thus, in this study, we aimed to clarify the difference between radiotherapy-resistant (RT-R) breast cancer (BC) and BC, and accordingly, analyzed gene expression levels between radiotherapy-resistant (RT-R) MDA-MB-231 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells. Gene expression array showed that ESM-1 was the most upregulated in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. Then, we aimed to investigate the role of ESM-1 in the increased tumorigenesis of RT-R-BC cells. RT-R-MDA-MB-231, which showed an increased expression level of ESM1, exhibited significantly enhanced proliferation, colony forming ability, migration, and invasion compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, and ESM-1 knockdown effectively reversed these effects. In addition, compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells displayed improved adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) due to the induction of adhesion molecules and increased MMP-9 activity and VEGF-A production, which were decreased by ESM-1 knockdown. Moreover, the expression of HIF-1α and activation of NF-κB and STAT-3 were increased in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, and these effects were abolished by the knockdown of ESM-1. Finally, we confirmed the role of ESM-1 in tumorigenesis in an in vivo mouse model. Tumor volume, lung metastasis, and tumorigenic molecules (VEGF-A, HIF-1α, MMP-9, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and phospho-NF-κB and phospho-STAT-3) were significantly induced in mice injected with ESM-1-overexpressing 4T1 cells and greatly enhanced in those injected with ESM-1-overexpressing RT-R-4T1 cells. Taken together, these results suggest for the first time that ESM-1 plays a critical role in tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells, especially RT-R-breast cancer cells, through the induction of cell proliferation and invasion.
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21
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Shao G, Liu Q, Yang L, Feng G, Zhao W, Huang Z, Yang Z. Prediction and identification of novel HLA-A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from endocan. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2020; 17:10. [PMID: 32099535 PMCID: PMC7031931 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-020-00240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Prediction and identification of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes from tumor associated antigens is a crucial step for the development of tumor immunotherapy strategy. Endocan has been identified as antigen overexpressed in various tumors. Methods In this experiment, we predicted and identified HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitopes from endocan by using the following procedures. Firstly, we predicted the epitopes from the amino acid sequence of endocan by computer-based methods; Secondly, we determined the affinity of the predicted peptide with HLA-A2.1 molecule by peptide-binding assay; Thirdly, we elicited the primary T cell response against the predicted peptides in vitro; Lastly, we tested the specific CTLs toward endocan and HLA-A2.1 positive target cells. Results These data demonstrated that peptides of endocan containing residues 4–12 and 9–17 could elicit specific CTLs producing interferon-γ and cytotoxicity. Conclusions Therefore, our findings suggested that the predicted peptides were novel HLA-A2.1-restricted CTL epitopes, and might provide promising target for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohai Shao
- 1Department of orthopedics, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- 2Department of Neurology and Chongqing key laboratory of cerebravascular disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Ling Yang
- 2Department of Neurology and Chongqing key laboratory of cerebravascular disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Guibo Feng
- 2Department of Neurology and Chongqing key laboratory of cerebravascular disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Wang Zhao
- 2Department of Neurology and Chongqing key laboratory of cerebravascular disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- 2Department of Neurology and Chongqing key laboratory of cerebravascular disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Zhao Yang
- 2Department of Neurology and Chongqing key laboratory of cerebravascular disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
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Serum endocan and preoperative systemic inflammatory markers in patients with epilepsy. Neurochirurgie 2020; 66:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Poon PYK, Ng JKC, Fung WWS, Chow KM, Kwan BCH, Li PKT, Szeto CC. Relationship between Plasma Endocan Level and Clinical Outcome of Chinese Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:1259-1270. [PMID: 31587005 DOI: 10.1159/000502961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocan is associated with endothelial dysfunction. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, cardiovascular disease is a common cause of mortality. We examined the relationship between serum endocan level and clinical outcome of PD patients. METHODS We recruited 193 new PD patients (118 males, mean age 58.8 ± 11.6 years). Serum endocan levels were determined and stratified into tertile 1 (lowest) to 3 (highest). Nutritional status, arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured. The patients were followed for at least 4 years for clinical outcomes. RESULTS For the whole cohort, patients with higher serum endocan levels had lower serum albumin and subjective global assessment score, higher carotid-femoral PWV, and higher serum CRP. For patients with suboptimal blood pressure (BP) control, cardiovascular event-free survival was 95.0, 95.5, and 78.5% for tertiles 1, 2, and 3 at 60 months respectively (p = 0.019). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that serum endocan level was an independent predictor of cardiovascular event-free survival. No association with cardiovascular event-free survival was found for patients with adequate BP control (95.0, 92.3, and 100% for tertile 1, 2, and 3 at 60 months, respectively, p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS Higher serum endocan level is associated with unfavourable nutritional, arterial and inflammatory conditions in PD patients. In patients with suboptimal BP control, higher serum endocan is also associated with worse cardiovascular outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Yam-Kau Poon
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winston Wing-Shing Fung
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Ming Chow
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China, .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,
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Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 in Critically Ill Patients With Hematologic Malignancy. Crit Care Med 2019; 46:e250-e257. [PMID: 29474336 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether serum concentration of endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (Endocan) at ICU admission is associated with the use of ICU resources and outcomes in critically ill hematology patients. DESIGN Prospective multicenter cohort study. SETTING Seventeen ICUs in France and Belgium. PATIENTS Seven hundred forty-four consecutive critically ill hematology patients; 72 critically ill septic patients without hematologic malignancy; 276 healthy subjects. INTERVENTION None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Median total endocan concentrations were 4.46 (2.7-7.8) ng/mL. Endocan concentrations were higher in patients who had received chemotherapy before ICU admission (4.7 [2.8-8.1] ng/mL vs. 3.7 [2.5-6.3] ng/mL [p = 0.002]). In patients with acute respiratory failure, endocan levels were increased in patients with drug-induced pulmonary toxicity compared with other etiologies (p = 0.038). Total endocan levels higher than 4.46 ng/mL were associated with a higher cumulative probability of renal replacement therapy requirement (p = 0.006), a higher requirement of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.01) and a higher requirement of vasopressors throughout ICU stay (p < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, total endocan levels at admission were independently associated with ICU mortality (odds ratios, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.06-1.83; p = 0.018). The predictive value of endocan peptide fragments of 14 kDa in terms of mortality and life-sustaining therapies requirement was inferior to that of total endocan. Endocan levels were higher in critically ill hematology patients compared with healthy subjects (p < 0.0001) but lower than endocan values in critically ill septic patients without hematologic malignancy (p = 0.005) CONCLUSIONS:: Serum concentrations of endocan at admission are associated with the use of ICU resources and mortality in critically ill hematology patients. Studies to risk-stratify patients in the emergency department or in the hematology wards based on endocan concentrations to identify those likely to benefit from early ICU management are warranted.
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Xu H, Chen X, Huang Z. Identification of ESM1 overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:118. [PMID: 31073279 PMCID: PMC6498655 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endocan, also known as endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (ESM1), is a 50 kDa soluble proteoglycan which is frequently overexpressed in many cancer types. Whether it is dysregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been investigated. Methods We analyzed the expression of ESM1 using bioinformatics analysis based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and then validated that ESM1 was significantly overexpressed in human HNSCC at the protein level using immunohistochemistry. We also analyzed the genes co-expressed with ESM1 in HNSCC. Results The most correlated gene was angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), a molecule which regulates physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Several transcription factor binding motifs including SMAD3, SMAD4, SOX3, SOX4, HIF2A and AP-1 components were significantly enriched in the promoter regions of the genes co-expressed with ESM1. Further analysis based on ChIP-seq data from the ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) project revealed that AP-1 is an important regulator of ESM1 expression. Conclusions Our results revealed a dysregulation of ESM1 and a potential regulatory mechanism for the co-expression network in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730 China
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Youssef AA, Issa HA, Omar MZ, Behiry EG, Elfallah AA, Hasaneen A, Darwish M, Ibrahim DB. Serum human endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (endocan) and vascular endothelial growth factor in cirrhotic HCV patients with hepatocellular carcinoma as predictors of mortality. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2018; 11:431-438. [PMID: 30538523 PMCID: PMC6260127 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s171339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess serum levels of endocan & VEGF in patients with hepatitis C virus-related HCC and their diagnostic and predictive value of mortality. METHODS A total of 195 patients with CHC were subdivided into the following two groups: 105 HCV cirrhotic patients with HCC and 90 HCV cirrhotic patients without HCC. Sixty apparently healthy subjects served as the control group. The serum VEGF and endocan were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS The mean serum endocan level was 4257.6± 847.6 pg/mL in HCC patients, compared to 2099.2± 459.6 pg/mL in liver cirrhosis patients without HCC. VEGF levels in the HCC group were non-significantly higher than those of the non-HCC group, and control group. Endocan at cut-off value 2967 pg/ml had higher sensitivity and higher specificity in diagnosis of HCC than AFP and VEGF. The median follow up period was 9 months, survival curve analysis was done in HCC group and showed that probability of survival among HCC group with higher levels of VEGF and endocan were significantly lower than that patients with low levels. In HCC patients, elevated serum endocan levels were significantly associated with poor hepatic functions and a greater number and size of tumours. Multivariate analysis showed that serum endocan levels (≥4000 pg/ml), as well as elevated serum fetoprotein (>100 ng/dl), were independent prognostic biomarkers for mortality. CONCLUSION Endocan may be a useful diagnostic marker for HCC and a good predictor of mortality, especially when combined with AFP and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas A Youssef
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt,
| | - Hisham A Issa
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt,
| | - Maha Z Omar
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology & Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Eman G Behiry
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt,
| | - Asmaa A Elfallah
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt,
| | - Ali Hasaneen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Darwish
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Dalia B Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Al Tahrir Hospital, Giza, Egypt
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De Freitas Caires N, Gaudet A, Portier L, Tsicopoulos A, Mathieu D, Lassalle P. Endocan, sepsis, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:280. [PMID: 30367649 PMCID: PMC6204032 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) are major problems of public health in intensive care units (ICUs), occurring in 15% of critically ill patients. Among the factors explaining ARDS development, sepsis is known as a frequent cause. Sepsis, ARDS, and HAP increase morbidity, mortality, length of stay in the ICU, and the overall costs of healthcare. The major challenge remains to identify accurately among critically ill patients those at risk of poor outcomes who could benefit from novel therapies. Endocan is released by the pulmonary endothelium in response to local or systemic injury. It inhibits mainly leukocyte diapedesis rather than leukocyte rolling or adhesion to the endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. Endocan was evaluated in 25 clinical reports, including 2454 critically ill patients and 452 healthy controls. The diagnostic value of endocan for sepsis or sepsis severity was equal to procalcitonin but its prognostic value was better. A predictive value for postoperative pneumonia was evidenced in two studies, and a predictive value for ARDS in four studies from three independent centers. This review presents an overview of the structure, expression, and functions of endocan. We also hereby summarize the potential applications of endocan in the prediction and prognosis of ARDS and HAP, as well as in the prognosis of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie De Freitas Caires
- University of Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59000, Lille, France.,INSERM, U1019, F-59000, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Lunginnov, 1 rue du Pr Calmette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Gaudet
- University of Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France. .,CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59000, Lille, France. .,INSERM, U1019, F-59000, Lille, France. .,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France. .,CHU Lille, Pôle de Réanimation, Hôpital Roger Salengro, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Lucie Portier
- University of Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59000, Lille, France.,INSERM, U1019, F-59000, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Lunginnov, 1 rue du Pr Calmette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tsicopoulos
- University of Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59000, Lille, France.,INSERM, U1019, F-59000, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHRU de Lille, Clinique des maladies respiratoires, Hôpital Calmette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Daniel Mathieu
- University of Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59000, Lille, France.,INSERM, U1019, F-59000, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Pôle de Réanimation, Hôpital Roger Salengro, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Lassalle
- University of Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR 8204, F-59000, Lille, France.,INSERM, U1019, F-59000, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.,Lunginnov, 1 rue du Pr Calmette, F-59000, Lille, France
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Evaluation of Aqueous Endocan and Endostatin Levels in Patients With Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome. J Glaucoma 2018; 28:38-41. [PMID: 30339555 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the aqueous humor endocan and endostatin levels in patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and to compare the results with healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty nine cataract patients with PEX syndrome (PEX group) and 32 cataract patients without PEX syndrome (control group) were enrolled in the study. Endocan and endostatin were measured in the aqueous humor of the PEX and control groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS There was no difference between the PEX and control groups in terms of age (P=0.721) and sex (P=0.902). The aqueous levels of endocan in patients with PEX (26.39±5.80 pg/mL) was significantly higher than in the control group (11.42±2.44 pg/mL) (P=0.039). The aqueous levels of endostatin was 12.00±1.35 ng/mL in the PEX group and 14.22±3.31 ng/mL in the control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.41). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study could suggest that the increased levels of aqueous endocan may be related to pathogenesis of PEX. However, levels of aqueous endostatin did not show any significant difference in PEX.
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Lu GJ, Shao CJ, Zhang Y, Wei YY, Xie WP, Kong H. Diagnostic and prognostic values of endothelial-cell-specific molecule-1 with malignant pleural effusions in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49217-49223. [PMID: 28514746 PMCID: PMC5564762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-expressed endothelial-cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) in tumor vascular endothelium contributes to tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and poor prognosis. However, the content of ESM-1 in pleural effusion is unclear. A retrospective study was carried out to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic values of ESM-1 with malignant pleural effusions in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ESM-1 levels in malignant pleural effusion (MPE) from 70 patients with NSCLC and 50 cases of benign pleural effusion (BPE) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to assess the diagnostic value of ESM-1. Survival curves were performed by Kaplan-Meier method and survival characteristics were compared by log-rank test. Univariable and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were carried out to analysis the significance of different prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). ESM-1 levels were significantly higher in MPE than those in BPE (p < 0.001). By ROC curve analysis, with a cutoff level of 19.58 ng/ml, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for ESM-1 diagnosis MPE were 82.5%, 81.4%, and 84.0%, respectively. Moreover, NSCLC patients with pleural fluid ESM-1 levels below 19.58 ng/ml had significant longer OS than those patients with higher levels (22.09 months vs. 11.49 months, p = 0.003). Multivariate survival analysis showed that high MPE ESM-1 level was an independent prognostic factor (HR, 1.007; p = 0.039) for the OS of NSCLC patients. This study showed that ESM-1 level in pleural effusion could be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in NSCLC patients with MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Shao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yong-Yue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei-Ping Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Schuitemaker JH, Cremers TI, Van Pampus MG, Scherjon SA, Faas MM. Changes in endothelial cell specific molecule 1 plasma levels during preeclamptic pregnancies compared to healthy pregnancies. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 12:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tansi FL, Rüger R, Kollmeier AM, Rabenhold M, Steiniger F, Kontermann RE, Teichgraeber UK, Fahr A, Hilger I. Endoglin based in vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor models in mice using activatable liposomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1389-1400. [PMID: 29545133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoglin (CD105) is overexpressed on tumor cells and tumor vasculatures, making it a potential target for diagnostic imaging and therapy of different neoplasms. Therefore, studies on nanocarrier systems designed for endoglin-directed diagnostic and drug delivery purposes would expose the feasibility of targeting endoglin with therapeutics. METHODS Liposomes carrying high concentrations of a near-infrared fluorescent dye in the aqueous interior were prepared by the lipid film hydration and extrusion procedure, then conjugated to single chain antibody fragments either selective for murine endoglin (termed mEnd-IL) or directed towards human endoglin (termed hEnd-IL). A combination of Dynamic Light Scattering, electron microscopy, cell binding and uptake assays, confocal microscopy and in vivo fluorescence imaging of mice bearing xenografted human breast cancer and human fibrosarcoma models were implemented to elucidate the potentials of the liposomes. RESULTS The mEnd-IL and hEnd-IL were highly selective for the respective murine- and human endoglin expressing cells in vitro and in vivo. Hence, the hEnd-IL bound distinctly to the tumor cells and enabled suitable fluorescence imaging of the tumors, whereas the mEnd-IL bound the tumor vasculature, but also to the liver, kidney and lung vasculature of mice. CONCLUSIONS The work highlights key differences between targeting vascular (murine) and neoplastic (human) endoglin in animal studies, and suggests that the hEnd-IL can serve as a delivery system that targets human endoglin overexpressed in pathological conditions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The endoglin-targeting liposomes presented herewith represent strategic tools for the future implementation of endoglin-directed neoplastic and anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felista L Tansi
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Experimental Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Am klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Ronny Rüger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Ansgar M Kollmeier
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Experimental Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Am klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Rabenhold
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Steiniger
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Ziegelmuehlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulf K Teichgraeber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Experimental Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Am klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Alfred Fahr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Experimental Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Am klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
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Orbegozo D, Rahmania L, Irazabal M, Mendoza M, Annoni F, De Backer D, Creteur J, Vincent JL. Endocan as an early biomarker of severity in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Intensive Care 2017; 7:93. [PMID: 28884313 PMCID: PMC5589715 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-017-0311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma concentrations of endocan, a proteoglycan preferentially expressed in the pulmonary vasculature, may represent a biomarker of lung (dys)function. We sought to determine whether the measurement of plasma endocan levels early in the course of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) could help predict risk of death or of prolonged ventilation. Methods All patients present in the department of intensive care during a 150-day period were screened for ARDS (using the Berlin definition). Endocan concentrations were measured at the moment of ARDS diagnosis (T0) and the following morning (T1). We compared data from survivors and non-survivors and data from survivors with less than 10 days of ventilator support (good evolution) and those who died or needed more than 10 days of mechanical ventilation (poor evolution). Results are presented as numbers (percentages), mean ± standard deviation or medians (percentile 25–75). Results Ninety-six consecutive patients were included [median APACHE II score of 21 (17–27) and SOFA score of 9 (6–12), PaO2/FiO2 ratio 155 (113–206)]; 64 (67%) had sepsis and 51 (53%) were receiving norepinephrine. Non-survivors were older (66 ± 15 vs. 59 ± 18 years, p = 0.045) and had higher APACHE II scores [27 (22–30) vs. 20 (15–24), p < 0.001] and blood lactate concentrations at study inclusion [2.1 (1.3–4.0) vs. 1.5 (0.9–2.6) mmol/L, p = 0.024] than survivors, but PaO2/FiO2 ratios [150 (116–207) vs. 158 (110–206), p = 0.95] were similar in the two groups. Endocan concentrations on the day after ARDS diagnosis were significantly higher in patients with poor evolution than in those with good evolution [12.0 (6.8–18.6) vs. 7.2 (5.4–12.5), p < 0.01]. Conclusion Blood endocan concentrations early in the evolution of ARDS may be a useful marker of disease severity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13613-017-0311-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Orbegozo
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lokmane Rahmania
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marian Irazabal
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manuel Mendoza
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filippo Annoni
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel De Backer
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Creteur
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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Yang J, Sheng S, Yang Q, Li L, Qin S, Yu S, Zhang X. Endocan silencing induces programmed cell death in hepatocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5333-5339. [PMID: 29113167 PMCID: PMC5661370 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinoma is a type of high-grade malignant carcinoma identified worldwide. Its rapid development and late diagnosis prevents effective tumor resection in the majority of patients, and therefore recent studies have targeted metabolic signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment for potential treatments. To investigate whether endocan may be a gene target for hepatocarcinoma treatment, the present study employed the following measures: MTT and Transwell assays, flow cytometry, western blotting and an mRFP-GFP-LC3 double fluorescence system. Following endocan gene silencing, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited and the number of invasive cells in the endocan siRNA-treated group was reduced compared with the control-siRNA treated-group. Furthermore, the apoptosis rate was 15% and autophagy was detected in the endocan short interfering (si)RNA-treated group compared with the control-siRNA treated-group. Using western blotting to detect NF-κB expression in the nucleus, the NF-κB expression was identified to be significantly reduced in the siRNA-treated group compared with the control groups. Endocan gene silencing inhibited hepatocarcinoma cell viability and invasion, whilst inducing apoptosis and autophagy. The results of the present study suggest that the effect of endocan gene silencing on cell survival was mediated via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shihou Sheng
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Central Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shaoyou Qin
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Endocan concentrations in postmortem serum, vitreous humor and urine in victims of lethal hypothermia. J Forensic Leg Med 2017; 50:39-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tanriverdi T, Kemerdere R, Inal BB, Yuksel O, Emre HO, Ahmedov M, Baran O, Ates S. Serum endocan levels before and after surgery on low-grade gliomas. Surg Neurol Int 2017; 8:32. [PMID: 28458946 PMCID: PMC5369254 DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_405_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocan has been shown to be a marker for several cancers and may show degree of malignancy. The aim of this study is to assess serum levels of endocan before and after surgery on low-grade gliomas (LGGs). METHODS Endocan was assayed by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits in a total of 19 patients and 12 controls. Serial serum samples were obtained before and after surgery (1st day, 1st week, and 1st month of surgery). Control samples were collected from cord blood during cesarean section. The results were compared with control brain tissues. RESULTS Controls showed significantly lower serum endocan levels compared to before and after surgery (P < 0.05). There is a trend of increase in mean serum levels from before surgery and during the very early period after surgery (during first week); however, in the first month, mean serum levels became lower. CONCLUSION Endocan, a vital molecule for angiogenesis, is highly expressed before and after surgery in LGGs, but long-term data is needed. Furthermore, future studies should include high-grade gliomas to discuss whether endocan is associated with recurrence and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Tanriverdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rahsan Kemerdere
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrin B Inal
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Odhan Yuksel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Humeyra O Emre
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merdin Ahmedov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Baran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health, Samatya Training and Research Hostpital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Ates
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bezm-i Alem Vakif University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sav A, Rotondo F, Syro LV, Altinoz MA, Kovacs K. Selective molecular biomarkers to predict biologic behavior in pituitary tumors. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2017; 12:177-185. [PMID: 30063456 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2017.1312341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, several cell proliferation markers, apoptosis, vascular markers, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle mediators, microRNA (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to be involved in the tumorigenesis, migration, proliferation and invasiveness of pituitary adenomas. There are still no reliable morphologic markers predictive of pituitary adenoma recurrence. Recent scientific research introduced new techniques to enable us to attain new information on the genesis and biologic behavior of pituitary adenomas. Areas covered: This review covers selected, compelling and cumulative information in regards to TACSTD family (EpCAM, TROP2), neuropilin (NRP-1), oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), fascins (FSCN1), invasion-associated genes (CLDN7, CNTNAP2, ITGA6, JAM3, PTPRC and CTNNA1) EZH2, and ENC1 genes and endocan. Expert commentary: Ongoing research provides clinicians, surgeons and researchers with new information not only on diverse pathways in tumorigenesis but also on the clinical aggressive behavior of pituitary adenomas. Newly developed molecular techniques, bioinformatics and new pharmaceutical drug options are helpful tools to widen the perspectives in our understanding of the complex nature of pituitary tumorigenesis. The discovery of new molecular biomarkers can only be accomplished by continuing to investigate pituitary embryogenesis, histogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Sav
- a Division of Neuropathology , Nisantasi Pathology Group , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Fabio Rotondo
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Luis V Syro
- c Department of Neurosurgery , Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe and Clinica Medellin , Medellin , Colombia
| | - Meric A Altinoz
- d Department of Immunology, Experimental Medical Research Institute , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Kalman Kovacs
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
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Endocan Measurement for Active Behçet Disease. Arch Rheumatol 2017; 32:197-202. [PMID: 30375545 DOI: 10.5606/archrheumatol.2017.6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to investigate the relationships between serum endocan, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in active Behçet disease. Patients and methods Forty patients with active Behçet disease (24 males, 16 females; mean age 37.6±8.7 years; range 20 to 50 years) and 40 healthy controls (22 males, 18 females; mean age 38.8±7.9 years; range 21 to 52 years) were included in this study. Both patient and control groups underwent a complete systemic and ophthalmic examination by the same specialist. Endocan, VEGF, and TNF-α levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in all subjects. Results Serum endocan levels were 775.2±479.3 ng/mL and 275.8±145.8 ng/mL in the patient and control groups, respectively. VEGF levels were 1768.2±900.5 pg/mL and 980.2±135.3 pg/mL in the patient and control groups, respectively. TNF-α levels were 22.4±74.3 pg/mL-1 and 11.4±16.9 pg/mL-1 in the patient and control groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between groups in terms of serum endocan, VEGF, and TNF-α levels. There was a significant positive correlation between serum endocan and VEGF levels in the patient group (r=0.630; p<0.001). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between serum endocan and TNF-α levels in the patient group (r=0.713; p<0.001). Conclusion Serum endocan level may be a new marker in evaluation of both the prognosis and activity of Behçet disease.
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Murthi P, Sarkis R, Lim R, Nguyen-Ngo C, Pratt A, Liong S, Lappas M. Endocan expression is increased in the placenta from obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Placenta 2016; 48:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Xing Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang X, Fan D, Zhou D, An J. Human cytomegalovirus infection contributes to glioma disease progression via upregulating endocan expression. Transl Res 2016; 177:113-126. [PMID: 27474433 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of malignant glioma remains unclear. To examine the association between glioma and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and the possible mechanism through which HCMV contributes to malignant glioma, we investigated the expression of HCMV components and an angiogenesis marker, endocan, in 79 glioma specimens and 8 control brain samples. HCMV pp65 protein and DNA were detected in 65.8% (52 of 79) and 54.4% (43 of 79) of glioma specimens, respectively. The positive rate and expression levels of pp65 were significantly correlated with the glioma grades. The endocan expression was detected in 78.5% (62 of 79) of glioma specimens, and elevated endocan immunoreactivity was also significantly associated with high-grade glioma. The pp65 was predominantly detected and colocalized with endocan in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Importantly, there was a significant positive correlation in detection rates between those 2 proteins. In control samples, neither HCMV pp65 nor endocan expression was detected. Moreover, the serum endocan levels in glioma patients were markedly higher than that in healthy subjects. In in vitro study, HCMV infection induced the expression of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in human glioblastoma U87 MG (U87) cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, elevated endocan levels were also observed in HCMV-infected U87 cells and HUVECs and antiviral treatment with ganciclovir reduced the endocan expression. These results suggest HCMV infection leads to glioma progression through an upregulation of endocan and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, anti-HCMV treatment may represent a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yisong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dabiao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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Çimen T, Bilgin M, Akyel A, Felekoğlu MA, Nallbani A, Özdemir Ş, Erden G, Öztürk A, Doğan M, Yeter E. Endocan and Non-Dipping Circadian Pattern in Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertension. Korean Circ J 2016; 46:827-833. [PMID: 27826342 PMCID: PMC5099339 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.46.6.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Non-dipper hypertension is frequently accompanied by endothelial dysfunction and activation. Previous studies suggested that endocan may be a novel endothelial dysfunction marker. This study aims to investigate the association between circadian blood pressure (BP) pattern and plasma endocan levels together with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in patients with newly diagnosed untreated hypertension. Subjects and Methods Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was recorded in 35 dipper, 35 non-dipper hypertensives and 35 healthy controls. Endocan levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of hsCRP were also recorded. Results Despite similar daytime and 24-hour average BP values between dippers and non-dippers, statistically significant high nocturnal BP was accompanied by a non-dipping pattern (Systolic BP: 132±9 vs. 147±11 mmHg; Distolic BP: 80±7 vs. 91±9 mmHg, respectively, p<0.001 for both). Non-dipper patients demonstrated higher endocan levels compared to dippers and normotensives (367 (193-844) pg/mL, 254 (182-512) pg/mL and 237 (141-314) pg/ml, respectively, p<0.001). HsCRP levels were significantly higher in non-dippers than the other groups (p=0.013). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, endocan (p=0.021) and hsCRP (p=0.044) were independently associated with a non-dipping pattern. Conclusion Elevated endocan levels were found in non-dipper groups. Endocan and hsCRP were found to be independently associated with a non-dipping pattern. We suggest that elevated levels of endocan in non-dipper hypertensive patients might be associated with a longer duration of exposure to high BP. These results point to the possible future role of endocan in selection of hypertensive patients at higher risk or target organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Çimen
- Department of Cardiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Bilgin
- Department of Cardiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Akyel
- Department of Cardiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Felekoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Nallbani
- Department of Cardiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Özdemir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gönül Erden
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Öztürk
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Doğan
- Department of Cardiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Yeter
- Department of Cardiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Laloglu E, Kumtepe Y, Aksoy H, Topdagi Yilmaz EP. Serum endocan levels in endometrial and ovarian cancers. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 31. [PMID: 27734523 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian and endometrial carcinomas are the two most common malignancies of the female reproductive system. Endocan is a proteoglycan that is specific to vascular endothelial cells. Increased serum levels have been reported in some tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate serum endocan levels in cases of endometrial and ovarian cancer. METHODS Levels of serum endocan were assessed in 27 patients with endometrial cancer and 20 with ovarian cancer, and in 38 control subjects with benign ovarian or endometrial disorders. Thirty-five healthy subjects were also included. Serum endocan levels were measured using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum CA-125 levels were also measured in the patient and control groups. RESULTS All patients had detectable serum endocan levels among endometrial and ovarian cancer groups except six cases. However, in the benign and healthy control groups, all endocan levels were undetectable except for two cases in the benign group and three in the healthy control group. Serum endocan levels were significantly higher in the entire patient group than in the controls (P<.0001 for both). Serum endocan levels in cases of endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer were higher than in both the control groups (P<.0001 for both). Evaluation of all groups revealed a positive correlation between serum CA-125 and endocan levels (r=.43, P<.0001). CONCLUSION Although benign ovarian or endometrial disorders do not lead to expression of endocan, malignant cases can result in measurable endocan levels. This may be useful in differentiating benign and malign diseases of the endometrium or ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Laloglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School of Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yakup Kumtepe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School of Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hulya Aksoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School of Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Endocan reduces the malign grade of gastric cancer cells by regulating associated protein expression. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14915-14921. [PMID: 27644250 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocan, which has been identified to be low expressed in gastric cancer, was found to be positively related to the differentiation level of gastric cancer in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of endocan in gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC7901 by artificially upregualting or downregulating endocan expression using endocan recombinant vector or specific small interfering RNA (siRNA)-targeting endocan gene, respectively. The effects of endocan recombinant vector-mediated over-expressing and siRNA-mediated endocan silencing on the differentiation, migration, and apoptosis of SGC7901 cells were assessed. Furthermore, the primary molecular mechanisms of endocan were explored by testing the expression alterations of associated protein in SGC7901 along endocan over-expression or knockdown. We found that over-expression of endocan reduced the migration but promoted the differentiation and apoptosis of SGC7901 cells. While, knockdown of endocan did just the opposite. Some molecules were found to participate in endocan-mediated anti-tumor effects, such as p53, caspase 3, and MMP-9. In conclusion, our findings suggest that endocan plays an anti-carcinogenic role in gastric cancer development and progression and might serve as a prognostic biomarker as well as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Endocan Concentration and Chronic Inflammatory Process Among Heart Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:1781-5. [PMID: 27496491 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocan is a novel soluble dermatan sulfate proteoglycan derived from endothelium. It has the capacity of binding to different biologically active molecules associated with cellular signaling, adhesion, and regulating proliferation, differentiation, migration, and adhesion of different cell types in health and pathology. Its elevated level is connected with endothelial activation, neovascularization, and inflammation or carcinogenesis. METHODS The level of serum endocan among 131 heart transplant recipients on 3-drug immunosuppression (calcineurin inhibitor, mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid, steroid) in correlation with other markers of endothelial damage was determined. In addition, 22 healthy volunteers were studied. In cross-sectional study, markers were measured with the use of commercially available assays of endothelial damage-endocan and von Willebrand factor (VWF)-inflammation-high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL) 6-and kidney function-cystatin C. RESULTS The endocan, VWF, IL-6, hsCRP, and cystatin C levels were significantly higher in heart transplant recipients compared with healthy volunteers. In our cohort, endocan level was correlated with renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate: r = -0.21; P < .05), creatinine (r = 0.21; P < .05), erythrocyte count (r = -0.24; P < .01), hemoglobin (r = -0.33; P < .01), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (r = 0.25; P < .01), cholesterol (r = -0.22; P < .05), LDL (r = -0.21; P < .05), New York Heart Association functional class (r = 0.21; P < .05), hsCRP (r = 0.32; P < .01), IL-6 (r = 0.31; P < .01), and VWF (r = 0.27; P < .01). In multifactorial analysis, the predictors of endocan levels were cholesterol level, cystatin C, and IL-6, predicting 54% of variability. CONCLUSIONS Endocan concentration among heart transplant recipients is potentially connected with endothelial damage caused by subclinical inflammation resulting from hyperlipidemia.
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Expressions of Endocan in Patients with Meningiomas and Gliomas. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:7157039. [PMID: 27528791 PMCID: PMC4978841 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7157039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Endocan has been shown to be a marker for several cancers and may show degree of malignancy. The aim of this study is to assess tissue levels of endocan in common brain tumors, namely, meningiomas, low-grade gliomas (LGGs), and high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Patients and Methods. Endocan was assayed by commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits in a total of 50 brain tumors (20 meningiomas, 19 LGGs, and 20 HGGs) and 15 controls. The results were compared to control brain tissues. Results. Each tumor group showed significant higher levels of endocan compared to controls (p < 0.05). In addition, endocan levels showed steady increase from the least (meningiomas) to the most (HGGs) malignant tumors and positive correlation was noted between the degree of malignancy and endocan level (p = 0.0001). Conclusion. Endocan, a vital molecule for angiogenesis, is expressed in common brain tumors and results suggest that endocan could be a marker for malignancy.
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Lee YH, Kim JS, Kim SY, Kim YG, Moon JY, Jeong KH, Lee TW, Ihm CG, Lee SH. Plasma endocan level and prognosis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2016; 35:152-9. [PMID: 27668158 PMCID: PMC5025467 DOI: 10.1016/j.krcp.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endocan, previously called endothelial cell–specific molecule-1, is a soluble proteoglycan that is secreted from vascular endothelial cells. Elevated plasma endocan levels were shown to be associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the clinical relevance of plasma and urine endocan levels in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Methods Sixty-four patients with IgAN and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Plasma and urine endocan levels were measured. Clinical parameters, pathologic grades, and renal outcomes were compared among subgroups with different plasma and urine endocan levels. Results Both plasma and urine endocan levels were significantly higher in patients with IgAN than in controls. Elevated serum phosphorus and C-reactive protein were independent determinants for plasma endocan, and elevated C-reactive protein was also an independent determinant for urine endocan levels in multivariate analysis. Plasma endocan level was not significantly different across CKD stages, but patients with higher plasma endocan levels showed adverse renal outcome. Urine endocan levels were also elevated in patients with poor renal function. Cox proportional hazard models showed that high plasma endocan was an independent risk factor for CKD progression after adjusting for the well-known predictors of outcome in patients with IgAN. Conclusion This study suggested that plasma endocan might be useful as a prognostic factor in patients with IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Sug Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Yun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Gyun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Won Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun-Gyoo Ihm
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yingchoncharoen P, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR. Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy: What Is Available and What Is Yet to Come. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:701-87. [PMID: 27363439 PMCID: PMC4931871 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.012070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death in many countries around the world. However, the efficacy of current standard treatments for a variety of cancers is suboptimal. First, most cancer treatments lack specificity, meaning that these treatments affect both cancer cells and their normal counterparts. Second, many anticancer agents are highly toxic, and thus, limit their use in treatment. Third, a number of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics are highly hydrophobic, which limits their utility in cancer therapy. Finally, many chemotherapeutic agents exhibit short half-lives that curtail their efficacy. As a result of these deficiencies, many current treatments lead to side effects, noncompliance, and patient inconvenience due to difficulties in administration. However, the application of nanotechnology has led to the development of effective nanosized drug delivery systems known commonly as nanoparticles. Among these delivery systems, lipid-based nanoparticles, particularly liposomes, have shown to be quite effective at exhibiting the ability to: 1) improve the selectivity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents; 2) lower the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs to normal tissues, and thus, reduce their toxic side effects; 3) increase the solubility of hydrophobic drugs; and 4) offer a prolonged and controlled release of agents. This review will discuss the current state of lipid-based nanoparticle research, including the development of liposomes for cancer therapy, different strategies for tumor targeting, liposomal formulation of various anticancer drugs that are commercially available, recent progress in liposome technology for the treatment of cancer, and the next generation of lipid-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatsapong Yingchoncharoen
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Chang Y, Niu W, Lian PL, Wang XQ, Meng ZX, Liu Y, Zhao R. Endocan-expressing microvessel density as a prognostic factor for survival in human gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5422-5429. [PMID: 27340359 PMCID: PMC4910663 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of endocan in tumour vessels and the relationships between endocan and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prognosis in gastric cancer.
METHODS: This study included 142 patients with confirmed gastric cancer in a single cancer centre between 2008 and 2009. Clinicopathologic features were determined, and an immunohistochemical analysis of endocan-expressing microvessel density (MVD) (endocan-MVD), VEGF and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was performed. Potential relationships between endocan-MVD and clinicopathological variables were assessed using a Student’s t-test or an analysis of variance test. Spearman’s rank correlation was applied to evaluate the relationship between endocan-MVD and the expression of VEGF/VEGFR2. Long-term survival of these patients was analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses.
RESULTS: Positive staining of endocan was observed in most of the gastric cancer tissues (108/142) and in fewer of the normal gastric tissues. Endocan-MVD was not associated with gender or histological type (P > 0.05), while endocan-MVD was associated with tumour size, Borrmann type, tumour differentiation, tumour invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P < 0.05). According to the Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, endocan-MVD had a positive correlation with VEGF (r = 0.167, P = 0.047) and VEGFR2 (r = 0.410, P = 0.000). The univariate analysis with a log-rank test indicated that the patients with a high level of endocan-MVD had a significantly poorer overall survival rate than those with a low level of endocan-MVD (17.9% vs 64.0%, P = 0.000). The multivariate analysis showed that a high level of endocan-MVD was a valuable prognostic factor.
CONCLUSION: Endocan-MVD significantly correlates with the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 and is a valuable prognostic factor for survival in human gastric cancer.
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Cai L, Leng ZG, Guo YH, Lin SJ, Wu ZR, Su ZP, Lu JL, Wei LF, Zhuge QC, Jin K, Wu ZB. Dopamine agonist resistance-related endocan promotes angiogenesis and cells viability of prolactinomas. Endocrine 2016; 52:641-51. [PMID: 26662185 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine agonists (DAs) are the first-line treatment of prolactinomas. They function through the dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) in the tumor cells. Endocan, also called endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM1), has been described as a marker of neoangiogenesis. However, whether ESM1 promotes the resistance of prolactinomas to DA therapy is largely unknown. In our study, 25 patients with prolactinomas were divided into resistant- and sensitive- groups according to the clinical response to bromocriptine. We found that ESM1-microvessel density of resistant prolactinomas was significantly higher than that of sensitive prolactinomas (47.9 ± 11.6, n = 8, vs 13.1 ± 2.8, n = 17, p = 0.0006), indicating that ESM1 was a DA resistance-related gene. Immunostaining showed that ESM1 was expressed in tumor vessels and sporadic tumor cells, and ESM1 was overlapped with the Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA) and von Willebrand Factor (VWF) in the tumor vessels. Silencing of ESM1 markedly suppressed the viability of GH3 and MMQ cells in vitro, and furthermore, significantly increased the sensitivity of GH3 and MMQ cells to DA treatment. Additionally, silencing of ESM1 down-regulated the angiogenesis-associated genes, such as VEGFR2, FGF2, CD34, CD31, VWF, and EGFR. Knockdown of ESM1 decreased endothelial tube formation of HUVECs, and significantly increased the sensitivity of HUVECs to Avastin treatment. Therefore, we first demonstrate that DA resistance-related ESM1 promotes the angiogenesis and tumor cells growth of prolactinomas, suggesting that ESM1 may be a novel therapeutic target for prolactinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhi Gen Leng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yu Hang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Shao Jian Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ze Rui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhi Peng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiang Long Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Li Fei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qi Chuan Zhuge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Zhe Bao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Xu K, Shuai Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Gao C, Cao L, Hu F, Akaike T, Wang JX, Gu Z, Yang J. Human VE-Cadherin Fusion Protein as an Artificial Extracellular Matrix Enhancing the Proliferation and Differentiation Functions of Endothelial Cell. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:756-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qizhi Shuai
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chao Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Feifei Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Toshihiro Akaike
- Biomaterials
Center for Regenerative Medical Engineering, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jian-xi Wang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials,
Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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50
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Endocan as a potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2015; 86:1079-81. [PMID: 25427083 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Developing specific markers for early detection of adverse events such as kidney failure, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remains a major challenge. Cardiovascular events are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in CKD patients. Recent research supposes endocan as a biomarker for evaluating cardiovascular events, inflammatory diseases, and cancers. Yilmaz et al. propose serum endocan levels as a novel prediction marker of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in CKD patients.
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