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Guleria M, Kumar A, Singh AK, Kumar P. Synthesis and In Silico Studies of Quinazolinones as PARP-1 Inhibitors. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1329-1343. [PMID: 37691193 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230905153443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a leading threat to humankind, accounting for nearly one million deaths in 2018, and the expected number of cancer-related deaths in 2040 is more than 16 million. The most common causes of cancer deaths are lung, colorectal, stomach, liver and breast cancer, while the highest number of new cancer cases belong to lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, stomach and liver cancer. INTRODUCTION PARP-1 is an enzyme that plays an important role in DNA repair, cell propagation/survival and death due to its influence on numerous biological processes. Quinazolinones represent an important scaffold in medicinal chemistry and have a broad spectrum of biological activities. METHODS In this study, we have synthesized quinazolinones by reaction of 2-aminobenzamide and substituted aldehydes. Molecular docking studies of synthesized compounds were performed for their PARP-1 binding affinities using Schrodinger 2016 software. In silico ADME studies were also performed for the synthesized compounds using the QikProp tool of Schrodinger software. RESULTS Results of molecular docking studies indicated that synthesized quinazolinones had a good affinity towards active site of PARP-1 and compound 4 had the best docking score (-10.343). Results of ADME studies indicated the drug-like properties of synthesized compounds, which make them suitable drug candidates. CONCLUSION All the synthesized compounds have a better docking score than niraparib (-9.05). Further, the synthesized compounds have a favorable ADME profile. Therefore, they may serve as important leads in discovering PARP-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Guleria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Sigh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
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Subhan MA, Parveen F, Shah H, Yalamarty SSK, Ataide JA, Torchilin VP. Recent Advances with Precision Medicine Treatment for Breast Cancer including Triple-Negative Sub-Type. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082204. [PMID: 37190133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in woman due to rapid metastasis and disease recurrence. Precision medicine remains an essential source to lower the off-target toxicities of chemotherapeutic agents and maximize the patient benefits. This is a crucial approach for a more effective treatment and prevention of disease. Precision-medicine methods are based on the selection of suitable biomarkers to envision the effectiveness of targeted therapy in a specific group of patients. Several druggable mutations have been identified in breast cancer patients. Current improvements in omics technologies have focused on more precise strategies for precision therapy. The development of next-generation sequencing technologies has raised hopes for precision-medicine treatment strategies in breast cancer (BC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Targeted therapies utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRi), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), oncolytic viruses (OVs), glucose transporter-1 inhibitor (GLUT1i), and targeting signaling pathways are potential treatment approaches for BC and TNBC. This review emphasizes the recent progress made with the precision-medicine therapy of metastatic breast cancer and TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy Services, DHQ Hospital Jhang 35200, Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department, Government of Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Janaína Artem Ataide
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdimir P Torchilin
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Yalamarty SSK, Filipczak N, Li X, Subhan MA, Parveen F, Ataide JA, Rajmalani BA, Torchilin VP. Mechanisms of Resistance and Current Treatment Options for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072116. [PMID: 37046777 PMCID: PMC10093719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer that is difficult to treat due to its resistance to both radiation and chemotherapy. This resistance is largely due to the unique biology of GBM cells, which can evade the effects of conventional treatments through mechanisms such as increased resistance to cell death and rapid regeneration of cancerous cells. Additionally, the blood–brain barrier makes it difficult for chemotherapy drugs to reach GBM cells, leading to reduced effectiveness. Despite these challenges, there are several treatment options available for GBM. The standard of care for newly diagnosed GBM patients involves surgical resection followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Emerging treatments include immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted therapies, such as bevacizumab, that attempt to attack specific vulnerabilities in GBM cells. Another promising approach is the use of tumor-treating fields, a type of electric field therapy that has been shown to slow the growth of GBM cells. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these and other innovative treatments for GBM, intending to improve with outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, ShahJalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy Services, DHQ Hospital, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Janaína Artem Ataide
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Bharat Ashok Rajmalani
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir P. Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Peng X, Pan W, Jiang F, Chen W, Qi Z, Peng W, Chen J. Selective PARP1 Inhibitors, PARP1-based Dual-Target Inhibitors, PROTAC PARP1 Degraders, and Prodrugs of PARP1 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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The evolving role of PARP inhibitors in advanced ovarian cancer. FORUM OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/fco-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The field of ovarian cancer has been revolutionized with the use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which present greater inhibition effect in epithelial subtype due to high rates of homologous recombination deficiency. PARP inhibition exploits this cancer pitfall by disrupting DNA repair, leading to genomic instability and apoptosis. Three PARP inhibitors (olaparib, niraparib, and rucaparib) are now approved for use in women with epithelial ovarian cancer, while others are under development. Among women with BRCA1/2 mutations, maintenance PARP therapy has led to a nearly fourfold prolongation of PFS, while those without BRCA1/2 mutations experience an approximately twofold increase in PFS. Differences in trial design, patient selection and primary analysis population affect the conclusions on PARP inhibitors. Limited OS data have been published and there is also limited experience regarding long-term safety. With regard to toxicity profile, there are no differences in serious adverse events between the experimental and control groups. However, combining adverse event data from maintenance phases, a trend towards more events in the experimental group, compared with controls, has been shown. The mechanisms of PARP-inhibitor resistance include restoration of HR through reversion mutations in HR genes, leading to resumed HR function. Other mechanisms that sustain sufficient DNA repair are discussed as well. PARP inhibitors play a pivotal role in the management of ovarian cancer, affecting the future treatment choices. Defining exactly which patients will benefit from them is a challenge and the need for HRD testing to define ‘BRCA-ness’ will add additional costs to treatment.
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Li L, Kumar AK, Hu Z, Guo Z. Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Key Proteins in the DNA Damage Response for Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:963-985. [PMID: 32091326 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200224102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is a complicated interactional pathway. Defects that occur in subordinate pathways of the DDR pathway can lead to genomic instability and cancer susceptibility. Abnormal expression of some proteins in DDR, especially in the DNA repair pathway, are associated with the subsistence and resistance of cancer cells. Therefore, the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting the chief proteins in the DDR pathway is an effective strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting chief proteins in the DDR pathway, particularly focusing on their implications for cancer therapy. We present the action mode of DDR molecule inhibitors in preclinical studies and clinical cancer therapy, including monotherapy and combination therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs or checkpoint suppression therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Alagamuthu Karthick Kumar
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Ma S, Zhao X, Zhang C, Sun P, Li Y, Lin X, Sun T, Fu Z. Ozone Exposure Induces Metabolic Disorders and NAD+ Depletion Through PARP1 Activation in Spinal Cord Neurons. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:617321. [PMID: 33425964 PMCID: PMC7789457 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.617321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Ozone therapy has shown therapeutic efficacy in different disorders particularly low back pain (LBP). However, ozone therapy has been associated with toxic effects on the respiratory, endocrine, cardiovascular systems as well as nervous system because of its strong oxidizing capacity. Recent studies have reported possible associations between ozone exposure and metabolic disorders, but the findings are controversial and little is known on the mechanisms of action. This study aims to investigate the cytotoxic effects of ozone exposure and possible mechanism of action in the animal model. Methods: Wistar neonate rats with the age of 24 h after birth were sacrificed by cervical dislocation under general anesthesia, then immersed in 75% alcohol and iodophor for 5 min, respectively. The spinal cord was isolated and cut to samples of ~1 mm3 and prepared for further experiments. The spinal cord neurons (SCNs) were exposed to ozone at different concentrations and then cultured in 96-well plates with glass bottom for 7 days. The cell viability, ATP levels and the NAD+ concentration were determined and compared between the different experimental groups and the control group. Results: Analyses of the data by non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis determined the metabolic disorder in SCNs following the ozone exposure. Moreover, our assessments showed that ozone exposure resulted in DNA damage, poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) excessive activation, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion and decrease of ATP level in SCNs. The PARP1 inhibitor can inhibit the cytotoxic effect of ozone to SCNs without inhibiting the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our findings revealed that the cytotoxic effects of ozone to SCNs might be mediated by excessive PARP1 activation and subsequent NAD+ depletion. Moreover, using PARP1 inhibitor can protect SCNs from cytotoxic effects of ozone by preventing NAD+ depletion during ozone exposure. Conclusion: Ozone exposure seems to induce metabolic disorders and NAD+ depletion through excessive PARP1 activation in SCNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Ma
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaowen Lin
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhijian Fu
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Mertens RT, Parkin S, Awuah SG. Cancer cell-selective modulation of mitochondrial respiration and metabolism by potent organogold(iii) dithiocarbamates. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10465-10482. [PMID: 34094305 PMCID: PMC8162438 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03628e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a key cancer hallmark that has led to the therapeutic targeting of glycolysis. However, agents that target dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration for targeted therapy remains underexplored. We report the synthesis and characterization of ten (10) novel, highly potent organometallic gold(iii) complexes supported by dithiocarbamate ligands as selective inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration. The structure of dithiocarbamates employed dictates the biological stability and cellular cytotoxicity. Most of the compounds exhibit 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the low-micromolar (0.50-2.9 μM) range when tested in a panel of aggressive cancer types with significant selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells. Consequently, there is great interest in the mechanism of action of gold chemotherapeutics, particularly, considering that DNA is not the major target of most gold complexes. We investigate the mechanism of action of representative complexes, 1a and 2a in the recalcitrant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-231. Whole-cell transcriptomics sequencing revealed genes related to three major pathways, namely: cell cycle, organelle fission, and oxidative phosphorylation. 2a irreversibly and rapidly inhibits maximal respiration in TNBC with no effect on normal epithelial cells, implicating mitochondrial OXPHOS as a potential target. Furthermore, the modulation of cyclin dependent kinases and G1 cell cycle arrest induced by these compounds is promising for the treatment of cancer. This work contributes to the need for mitochondrial respiration modulators in biomedical research and outlines a systematic approach to study the mechanism of action of metal-based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall T Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40536 USA
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Pesce F, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M. [The pathology of hereditary ovarian tumors]. Ann Pathol 2020; 40:85-94. [PMID: 32178889 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
About 23% of adnexal tumors are related to a hereditary syndrome, most often hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome or Lynch syndrome, responsible of epithelial tumors. However, the pathologist should be aware of rare hereditary syndromes responsible of non-epithelial ovarian tumors. Ovarian tumors associated with germline mutation of BRCA genes are essentially high-grade serous carcinomas of tubal origin, while those seen in Lynch syndrome are most often endometrioid or clear cell carcinomas. Sex-cord tumors associated with a familial predisposition are Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors in DICER syndrome and sex-cord tumors with annular tubules in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Small cell carcinoma of hypercalcemic type may be associated with a rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome 2. Finally, rare germ cell tumors have been reported related to ataxia telangiectasia. The recognition of these entities by pathologists is crucial. Even though the morphologic features pointing toward an inherited mutation may vary depending on the syndrome, the diagnosis may contribute to refer the patient for genetic counselling, modifying the management and follow-up of the patient and her family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pesce
- Institut multisite des hospices civils de Lyon, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite cedex, France
| | - Mojgan Devouassoux-Shisheboran
- Institut multisite des hospices civils de Lyon, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite cedex, France.
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Pazzaglia S, Pioli C. Multifaceted Role of PARP-1 in DNA Repair and Inflammation: Pathological and Therapeutic Implications in Cancer and Non-Cancer Diseases. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010041. [PMID: 31877876 PMCID: PMC7017201 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase 1), mainly known for its protective role in DNA repair, also regulates inflammatory processes. Notably, defects in DNA repair and chronic inflammation may both predispose to cancer development. On the other hand, inhibition of DNA repair and inflammatory responses can be beneficial in cancer therapy and PARP inhibitors are currently used for their lethal effects on tumor cells. Furthermore, excess of PARP-1 activity has been associated with many tumors and inflammation-related clinical conditions, including asthma, sepsis, arthritis, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, to name a few. Activation and inhibition of PARP represent, therefore, a double-edged sword that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. In our review, we will discuss recent findings highlighting the composite multifaceted role of PARP-1 in cancer and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.P.); Tel.: +39-06-3048-6535 (S.P.); +39-06-3048-3398 (C.P.)
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.P.); Tel.: +39-06-3048-6535 (S.P.); +39-06-3048-3398 (C.P.)
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Sapalidis K, Kosmidis C, Funtanidou V, Katsaounis A, Barmpas A, Koimtzis G, Mantalobas S, Alexandrou V, Aidoni Z, Koulouris C, Pavlidis E, Giannakidis D, Surlin V, Pantea S, Strambu V, Constantina RO, Amaniti A, Zarogoulidis P, Mogoantă S, Kesisoglou I, Sardeli C. Update on current pancreatic treatments: from molecular pathways to treatment. J Cancer 2019; 10:5162-5172. [PMID: 31602269 PMCID: PMC6775621 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is still diagnosed at a late stage although we have novel diagnostic tools. Pancreatic cancer chemotherapy treatment resistance is observed and therefore novel treatments are in need. Anti-cancer stem cell therapy, combination of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with immunotherapy, proteins/enzymes and gene therapy are currently under evaluation. Targeted treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is also administered and novel inhibitors are also under evaluation. In the current review we present recent data from our search within the year 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Sapalidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christoforos Kosmidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Varvara Funtanidou
- Anesthesiology Department, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsaounis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amastasios Barmpas
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Koimtzis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stylianos Mantalobas
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vyron Alexandrou
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoi Aidoni
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charilaos Koulouris
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstathios Pavlidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Giannakidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Valeriu Surlin
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Victor Strambu
- General Surgery Department, "Dr Carol Davila", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucuresti, Romania
| | | | - Aikaterini Amaniti
- Anesthesiology Department, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Anesthesiology Department, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stelian Mogoantă
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Isaak Kesisoglou
- 3rd Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Sardeli
- Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Increased Oxidative Stress Induced by Rubus Bioactive Compounds Induce Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Breast Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6797921. [PMID: 31281587 PMCID: PMC6589211 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6797921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds from plants represent good candidate drugs for the prevention and treatment of various forms of cancer. Berries are rich sources of bioactive compounds, and there has been an increasing interest in the study of therapeutic action of wild berries. Oxidants are generated continuously in biological system as a result of physiological process. When there is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, it leads to a condition called oxidative stress. Natural compounds as inducers of oxidative stress are able to modulate the physiological functions of cancer cells leading to cell death or survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the induction of apoptosis by isolated bioactive compounds (1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentan-1-one (C1) and 2-[(3-methylbutoxy) carbonyl] benzoic acid (C2)) from Rubus fairholmianus against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The exposure of C1 and C2 reduced viability (IC50 of C1: 4.69; C2: 8.36 μg/mL) and proliferation. Cytochrome c release from mitochondria and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential of treated cells supported the intrinsic apoptotic cell death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after treatment with C1 and C2 was found to be higher and induced nuclear damage. Expression of apoptotic proteins after the treatments was significantly upregulated as indicated using immunofluorescence (caspase 9, p53, and Bax), western blotting (p53, cleaved PARP, cytochrome c, and Bax), and ELISA (caspase 9) analysis. Overall, C1 was more cytotoxic, increased the ROS production in dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay, and induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. These results illustrate that berry bioactive compounds have strong chemopreventive potential. In this article, we provide information on prooxidant and anticancer activities of Rubus bioactive compounds. Natural products have always demonstrated a significant contribution to the development of several cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Most of these compounds are known to affect the redox state of the cell; and studies on these compounds have focused on their antioxidant property instead of prooxidant properties.
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Fan J, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Cell Death Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 15:403-425. [PMID: 28674991 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There are common mechanisms shared by genetically or pathologically distinct neurodegenerative diseases, such as excitotoxicity, mitochondrial deficits and oxidative stress, protein misfolding and translational dysfunction, autophagy and microglia activation. This indicates that although the original cause may differ in individual diseases or even subtypes of certain disorders, these disrupted common cell functions and signaling, together with aging, may lead to final execution of cell death through similar pathways. The variable neurodegenerative disease symptoms are probably caused by the type, location, and connection of the cell populations that suffer from dysfunction and loss. Besides apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy, an important form of death termed parthanatos plays a prominent role in stroke and several neurodegenerative diseases, which is due to PARP-1 overactivation, PAR accumulation, nuclear translocation of the mitochondria protein AIF, and large-scale DNA cleavage. Understanding the mechanisms and interactions of cell death signaling will not only help to develop neuroprotective strategies to halt neurodegeneration, but also provide biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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14
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Huang M, Zhu H, Yi C, Yan J, Wei L, Yang X, Chen S, Huang Y. A novel TRAIL mutant-TRAIL-Mu3 enhances the antitumor effects by the increased affinity and the up-expression of DR5 in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:829-838. [PMID: 30167846 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive system with poor prognosis and high mortality, and the treatment of pancreatic cancer still remains a major challenge. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis selectively in cancer cells while causing virtually no damage to normal cells, which is promising for cancer therapy. However, many primary tumors and cancer cell lines including various human pancreatic cancer cell lines were found to be resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to improve antitumor effect of TRAIL on pancreatic cancer. METHODS The 114-121 amino acid coding sequence "VRERGPQR" of wild type TRAIL protein that was selected changed into "RRRRRRRR", and the novel membrane-penetrating peptide-alike mutant protein was named TRAIL-Mu3. The antitumor effect of TRAIL-Mu3 was analyzed both in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS TRAIL-Mu3 could enhance the antitumor effects on pancreatic cancer cell lines, and the antitumor effect of TRAIL-Mu3 was stronger than gemcitabine in vivo. The immunofluorescence results suggested that TRAIL-Mu3 could remarkably enhance the affinity to pancreatic cancer cells. The Western blot results showed that treatment with TRAIL-Mu3 caused a clear cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-8. In addition, both the Western blot and flow cytometry suggested a significantly up-expression of DR5 in TRAIL-Mu3 group. CONCLUSIONS Membrane-penetrating peptide-alike mutant-TRAIL-Mu3 induced pancreatic cancer cell death more efficiently than TRAIL, and this effect was supposed to be mediated by the increased affinity to cell membrane, the up-regulation of DR5 and the enhancement of activated caspase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Yan
- Chengdu Huachuang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Wei
- Chengdu Huachuang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouchun Chen
- Chengdu Huachuang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Kathawala RJ, Kudelka A, Rigas B. The Chemoprevention of Ovarian Cancer: the Need and the Options. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 4:250-260. [PMID: 30363743 PMCID: PMC6182352 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-018-0133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the most lethal of all gynecological cancers, with a 5-year survival around 46%, mainly due to limitations in early diagnosis and treatment. Consequently, the chemoprevention of OvCa emerges as an important option to control this dismal disease. Here, we discuss the role of risk assessment in the design of chemoprevention strategies for OvCa, describe candidate agents, and assess future directions in this field. RECENT FINDINGS OvCa chemoprevention represents an opportunity for all women, especially those at high risk such as carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The use of oral contraceptives confers substantial protection against OvCa including women at high risk, which increases with longer use. Despite strong evidence for their efficacy, safety concerns and the magnitude of the requisite interventional clinical trials seem to have precluded definitive studies of oral contraceptives for this application. Several other classes of drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, retinoids, angiopreventive agents, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown promise for OvCa chemoprevention. SUMMARY Currently, no agent is proven by interventional trials to possess chemopreventive properties against OvCa. The key opportunities in the chemoprevention of OvCa include the development of surrogate biomarkers for OvCa, the molecular definition of OvCa risk that will help select those who may benefit the most from chemoprevention, the identification of additional agents likely driven by understanding the molecular pathogenesis of OvCa, and the development of dedicated resources and support mechanisms for OvCa. Overall, there is significant optimism for the future of OvCa chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej Kudelka
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Basil Rigas
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
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16
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Park DJ, Shah FA, Koh PO. Quercetin attenuates neuronal cells damage in a middle cerebral artery occlusion animal model. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:676-683. [PMID: 29563391 PMCID: PMC5938200 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a neurological disorder with high mortality. Quercetin is a
flavonoid compound that is abundant in vegetables and fruits. It exerts anti-inflammatory
and anti-apoptotic effects. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of
quercetin in focal cerebral ischemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle
cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to induce focal cerebral ischemia. Quercetin or vehicle
was injected 30 min before the onset of ischemia. A neurological function test, brain
edema measurement, and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining were performed to
elucidate the neuroprotective effects of quercetin. Western blot analysis was performed to
observe caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) protein expression. MCAO leads to
severe neuronal deficits and increases brain edema and infarct volume. However, quercetin
administration attenuated the MCAO-induced neuronal deficits and neuronal degeneration. We
observed increases in caspase-3 and PARP protein levels in MCAO-operated animals injected
with vehicle, whereas quercetin administration attenuated these increases in MCAO injury.
This study reveals the neuroprotective effect of quercetin in an MCAO-induced animal model
and demonstrates the regulation of caspase-3 and PARP expression by quercetin treatment.
These results suggest that quercetin exerts a neuroprotective effect through preventing
the MCAO-induced activation of apoptotic pathways affecting caspase-3 and PARP
expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ju Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Fawad-Ali Shah
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Jia G, Zao M, Liu X. Protective effect of diethylcarbamazine inhibits NF-κB activation in isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction rat model through the PARP pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1596-1602. [PMID: 28586070 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the protective effect of diethylcarbamazine in inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in isoproterenol‑induced acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats through the poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) pathway. Male albino Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with isoproterenol (100 mg/kg/day) for 2 days to induce an AMI model. Diethylcarbamazine (50 mg/kg) was administered by gavage for 12 days prior to the isoproterenol-induced AMI. It was noted that diethylcarbamazine significantly inhibited AMI‑induced casein kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, and reduced the AMI‑induced wet heart weight to body weight ratio in AMI rats. Diethylcarbamazine treatment significantly weakened reactive oxygen species production and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin‑6 and NF‑κB/p65 in AMI rats. Western blotting demonstrated that diethylcarbamazine significantly suppressed the AMI‑induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1, cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) and PARP protein expression in AMI rats. The results demonstrated that the protective effect of diethylcarbamazine inhibited isoproterenol‑induced AMI through the suppression of inflammation, iNOS, TGF‑β1, COX‑2 and the PARP pathway, and revealed the clinical potential of diethylcarbamazine for therapeutic and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Three, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zao
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Three, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Three, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
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18
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Ferroptosis and cell death mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2017; 104:34-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Lee MK, Cheong HS, Koh Y, Ahn KS, Yoon SS, Shin HD. Genetic Association of PARP15 Polymorphisms with Clinical Outcome of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a Korean Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:696-701. [PMID: 27610459 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Some members of the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) protein family have been regarded as targets for the therapeutic inhibition of cancer. Among these PARP genes, poly ADP-ribose polymerase family, member 15 (PARP15) is a candidate gene for cancer development due to its ability to regulate gene transcription and its reported association with apoptosis. The current study investigated the possible association between PARP15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In addition, we analyzed the effects of the PARP15 polymorphisms on the clinical phenotypes associated with cytosine arabinose (AraC) chemotherapy in AML patients. METHODS Ten PARP15 polymorphisms were genotyped via TaqMan assay in a total of 344 Korean subjects, including 103 AML patients and 241 normal controls. The genetic effects of the polymorphisms on the risk of AML and the clinical phenotypes were analyzed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software. RESULTS The results from a Cox regression analysis for overall survival revealed that two polymorphisms were associated with increased overall survival and the signal for rs17208928 was retained after correcting for multiple tests (pcorr < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the possibility that the PARP15 gene may be a potential therapeutic target in AML patients although much larger scale studies are needed for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Lee
- 1 Department of Life Science, Sogang University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Cheong
- 2 Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc. , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngil Koh
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sung Ahn
- 5 Functional Genome Institute , PDXen Biosystem, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- 2 Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,6 Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- 1 Department of Life Science, Sogang University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc. , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Gewirtz DA, Alotaibi M, Yakovlev VA, Povirk LF. Tumor Cell Recovery from Senescence Induced by Radiation with PARP Inhibition. Radiat Res 2016; 186:327-332. [PMID: 27588595 DOI: 10.1667/rr14437.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are clinically used as single-agent therapy for tumors with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. One approach to expanding the use of PARP inhibitors to a wider range of tumors is to combine them with cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Preclinical studies in experimental animals and tumor cells in culture indicate that PARP inhibition modestly sensitizes most tumor cells to ionizing radiation. Studies of cell behavior after these combined treatments show that radiosensitization is manifested predominantly in an increase in prolonged growth arrest and senescence, with little or no contribution from apoptosis. The secretory phenotype associated with senescence can target these tumor cells for immune surveillance, and therefore increased senescence can effectively contribute to tumor control. However, the possible recovery of senescent cells and re-entry into cell cycle after prolonged arrest also needs to be considered. Such recovery could lead to tumor recurrence, yet may not be reflected in short-term assays commonly used to assess radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moureq Alotaibi
- Department of a Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine and.,c College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vasily A Yakovlev
- b Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298; and
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21
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Bayram D, Çetin ES, Kara M, Özgöçmen M, Candan IA. The apoptotic effects of silibinin on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:573-586. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327116658105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Silibinin is a bioactive flavonolignan extracted from milk thistle, known as Silybum marianum. Silibinin exerts strong antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Many studies have shown that silibinin inhibits experimentally induced malignancies of the liver, prostate, skin, and colon as well as promotes inhibition of the proliferation of cancer cell lines in vitro. This study aimed to investigate the effects of silibinin on the human breast carcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 in monolayer and spheroid cultures. Method: The MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines were cultured in both monolayer and spheroid cultures. Cells were treated with silibinin at 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation. The 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine labeling index was used to determine the cells of the synthesis phase. Poly-ADP-ribose-polimerase immunohistochemical staining and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick and labeling assay were used to determine the death of cells in both the monolayer and spheroid cultures. Results: An half maximal inhibitory concentration dose of silibinin in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells was 100 µM/mL at 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick and labeling positive cells and active poly-ADP-ribose-polimerase were detected after treatment with silibinin in both the monolayer and spheroid cultures. The dead cell count was higher in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines with silibinin applied than in the controls. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that silibinin applications enhanced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick and labeling positive cells and active poly-ADP-ribose-polimerase in comparison to the control in both the monolayer and spheroid cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bayram
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - ES Çetin
- Muğla Sitki Koçman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Muğla, Turkey
| | - M Kara
- Muğla Sitki Koçman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetic, Muğla, Turkey
| | - M Özgöçmen
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - IA Candan
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Isparta, Turkey
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22
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Conrad M, Angeli JPF, Vandenabeele P, Stockwell BR. Regulated necrosis: disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:348-66. [PMID: 26775689 PMCID: PMC6531857 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of regulated cell death presents tantalizing possibilities for gaining control over the life-death decisions made by cells in disease. Although apoptosis has been the focus of drug discovery for many years, recent research has identified regulatory mechanisms and signalling pathways for previously unrecognized, regulated necrotic cell death routines. Distinct critical nodes have been characterized for some of these alternative cell death routines, whereas other cell death routines are just beginning to be unravelled. In this Review, we describe forms of regulated necrotic cell death, including necroptosis, the emerging cell death modality of ferroptosis (and the related oxytosis) and the less well comprehended parthanatos and cyclophilin D-mediated necrosis. We focus on small molecules, proteins and pathways that can induce and inhibit these non-apoptotic forms of cell death, and discuss strategies for translating this understanding into new therapeutics for certain disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Developmental Genetics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem Program, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, Northwest Corner Building, MC 4846, New York, New York 10027, USA
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23
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Induction of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase in Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Exposed to 900 MHz Radiofrequency Fields: Preliminary Observations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4918691. [PMID: 27190989 PMCID: PMC4848421 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4918691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background. Several investigators have reported increased levels of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a nuclear enzyme which plays an important role in the repair of damaged DNA, in cells exposed to extremely low dose ionizing radiation which does not cause measurable DNA damage. Objective. To examine whether exposure of the cells to nonionizing radiofrequency fields (RF) is capable of increasing messenger RNA of PARP-1 and its protein levels in mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Methods. BMSCs were exposed to 900 MHz RF at 120 μW/cm2 power intensity for 3 hours/day for 5 days. PARP-1 mRNA and its protein levels were examined at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours after exposure using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Sham-exposed (SH) cells and those exposed to ionizing radiation were used as unexposed and positive control cells. Results. BMSCs exposed to RF showed significantly increased expression of PARP-1 mRNA and its protein levels after exposure to RF while such changes were not observed in SH-exposed cells. Conclusion. Nonionizing RF exposure is capable of inducing PARP-1.
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24
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Song M, Li JL, Li XP, Kan SF. Targeting Human Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 with Natural Medicines and Its Potential Applications in Ovarian Cancer Therapeutics. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:817-823. [PMID: 26344206 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has been established as an efficient therapeutics for advanced ovarian cancer. In this study, we describe an integrated procedure that combines virtual computer screening and an experimental enzyme assay to discover novel potent PARP-1 inhibitors from more than 130000 commercially available natural products. The protocol employed a stepwise strategy to fast exclude typical PARP-1 non-binders and then performing rigorous prediction to identify promising candidates with high potency against PARP-1. Consequently, eight natural products were hit and tested to determine their inhibitory activities against the PARP-1 catalytic domain. From these, four compounds, i.e., puerarin, phloretin, chlorogenic acid, and biochanin A, were found to have high or moderate potencies with inhibitory IC50 values of 6, 470, 25, and 86 nM, respectively. The values are comparable to that (IC50 = 1.94 nM) of the FDA-approved agent olaparib. Structural and energetic analyses of the modeled structures of the PARP-1 catalytic domain complexed with the newly identified inhibitors revealed a common binding mode in the complexes: the active site of PARP-1 is composed of a thin polar helix and a flat non-polar pocket; the inhibitors can form a number of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic forces with the helix, while tightly packing against the pocket to define chemical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Lan Li
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Feng Kan
- Department of Oncology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
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25
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Boerner JL, Nechiporchik N, Mueller KL, Polin L, Heilbrun L, Boerner SA, Zoratti GL, Stark K, LoRusso PM, Burger A. Protein expression of DNA damage repair proteins dictates response to topoisomerase and PARP inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119614. [PMID: 25774912 PMCID: PMC4361640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a poor prognosis. New approaches for the treatment of TNBC are needed to improve patient survival. The concept of synthetic lethality, brought about by inactivating complementary DNA repair pathways, has been proposed as a promising therapeutic option for these tumors. The TNBC tumor type has been associated with BRCA mutations, and inhibitors of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a family of proteins that facilitates DNA repair, have been shown to effectively kill BRCA defective tumors by preventing cells from repairing DNA damage, leading to a loss of cell viability and clonogenic survival. Here we present preclinical efficacy results of combining the PARP inhibitor, ABT-888, with CPT-11, a topoisomerase I inhibitor. CPT-11 binds to topoisomerase I at the replication fork, creating a bulky adduct that is recognized as damaged DNA. When DNA damage was stimulated with CPT-11, protein expression of the nucleotide excision repair enzyme ERCC1 inversely correlated with cell viability, but not clonogenic survival. However, 4 out of the 6 TNBC cells were synergistically responsive by cell viability and 5 out of the 6 TNBC cells were synergistically responsive by clonogenic survival to the combination of ABT-888 and CPT-11. In vivo, the BRCA mutant cell line MX-1 treated with CPT-11 alone demonstrated significant decreased tumor growth; this decrease was enhanced further with the addition of ABT-888. Decrease in tumor growth correlated with an increase in double strand DNA breaks as measured by γ-H2AX phosphorylation. In summary, inhibiting two arms of the DNA repair pathway simultaneously in TNBC cell lines, independent of BRCA mutation status, resulted in un-repairable DNA damage and subsequent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L. Boerner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicole Nechiporchik
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kelly L. Mueller
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lisa Polin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lance Heilbrun
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Boerner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gina L. Zoratti
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Karri Stark
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Patricia M. LoRusso
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Angelika Burger
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to evaluate effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) plus 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) cotreatment on tissue oxidative stress parameters (TOSp), tissue histopathology scores (THSc), and bacterial translocations (Bact-Trans) in an experimental model of severe acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS Seventy-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 5 groups. Group 1 received sham. Severe AP was induced by intraductal taurocholate infusion and then group 2 received saline, group 3 received 3-AB, group 4 received 3-AB plus HBO, and group 5 received HBO. 3-Aminobenzamide (10 mg/kg per day, once daily, intraperitoneal) and saline (1 mL/kg) were started right after the induction, whereas HBO (2,8 atm pressure, BID, 90 minutes each) was started at the sixth hour. The rats were euthanized at the 54th hour, and TOSp, THSc, and Bact-Trans were studied. RESULTS In treatment groups 3 and 5, Bact-Trans (P < 0.05, P < 0.05), TOSp (P < 0.05, P < 0.05), and THSc (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) were significantly lower than controls. In addition to these findings, group 4 (cotreatment) showed the most significant effect on Bact-Trans and THSc (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) and also better in TOSp (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition by 3-AB and HBO treatment alone was effective in the course of severe AP, and favorable with cotreatment because of the improved cascades of inflammatory process by different aspects.
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2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones: Visible light mediated synthesis, solvatochromism and biological activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 143:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Yang X, Ndawula C, Zhou H, Gong X, Jin J. JF-305, a pancreatic cancer cell line is highly sensitive to the PARP inhibitor olaparib. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:757-761. [PMID: 25621047 PMCID: PMC4301471 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a DNA nick sensor involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, has demonstrated antitumor activity in homologous recombination (HR)-deficient cancers. To extend this specific therapy to other types of carcinomas, a panel of 11 different cancer cells were screened in the present study. JF-305, a pancreatic cancer cell line of Chinese origin, demonstrated sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor 6(5H)-phenanthridinone. In the present study, 3 μM olaparib conferred a cell survival rate of 25% following four days of treatment. The colony formation efficiency was 83% at 10 nM, and dropped to 12% at 1 μM following seven days of treatment. Furthermore, olaparib induced cell cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phases prior to the initiation of apoptosis. Although the incidence of double-strand breaks (DSBs) was increased in the olaparib-treated JF-305 cells, the RAD51 foci were well formed at the sites of γ-H2AX recruitment, indicating an activated HR mechanism. Furthermore, tumor growth was reduced by 49.8% following 22 days of consecutive administration of 10 mg/kg olaparib in the JF-305 xenograft mouse model. In summary, the JF-305 cell line was sensitive to olaparib and provided a prospective model for the preclinical assessment of PARP inhibitors in the therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Charles Ndawula
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohai Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
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Lehmann M, Pirinen E, Mirsaidi A, Kunze FA, Richards PJ, Auwerx J, Hottiger MO. ARTD1-induced poly-ADP-ribose formation enhances PPARγ ligand binding and co-factor exchange. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:129-42. [PMID: 25452336 PMCID: PMC4288160 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARγ-dependent gene expression during adipogenesis is facilitated by ADP-ribosyltransferase D-type 1 (ARTD1; PARP1)-catalyzed poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) formation. Adipogenesis is accompanied by a dynamic modulation of the chromatin landscape at PPARγ target genes by ligand-dependent co-factor exchange. However, how endogenous PPARγ ligands, which have a low affinity for the receptor and are present at low levels in the cell, can induce sufficient co-factor exchange is unknown. Moreover, the significance of PAR formation in PPARγ-regulated adipose tissue function is also unknown. Here, we show that inhibition of PAR formation in mice on a high-fat diet reduces weight gain and cell size of adipocytes, as well as PPARγ target gene expression in white adipose tissue. Mechanistically, topoisomerase II activity induces ARTD1 recruitment to PPARγ target genes, and ARTD1 automodification enhances ligand binding to PPARγ, thus promoting sufficient transcriptional co-factor exchange in adipocytes. Thus, ARTD1-mediated PAR formation during adipogenesis is necessary to adequately convey the low signal of endogenous PPARγ ligand to effective gene expression. These results uncover a new regulatory mechanism of ARTD1-induced ADP-ribosylation and highlight its importance for nuclear factor-regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Lehmann
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Molecular Life Science Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Competence Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich A Kunze
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Molecular Life Science Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Richards
- Competence Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Competence Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Celik-Ozenci C, Tasatargil A. Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases in male reproduction. SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 3:e24194. [PMID: 23885303 PMCID: PMC3710221 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.24194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a family of enzymes involved in a wide variety of biological processes, including DNA repair and maintenance of genomic stability following genotoxic stress, and regulates the expression of various proteins at the transcriptional level as well as replication and differentiation. However, excessive activation of PARP has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases associated with oxidative stress (OS), which has been known to play a fundamental role in the etiology of male infertility. Based on the degree and type of the stress stimulus, PARP directs cells to specific fates (such as, DNA repair vs. cell death). A large volume of accumulated evidence indicates the presence of PARP and its homologs in testicular germ line cells and its activity may offer a key mechanism for keeping DNA integrity in spermatogenesis. On the other hand, a possible role of PARP overactivation in OS-induced male reproductive disorders and in human sperm is gaining significance in recent years. In this review, we focus on the findings about the importance of PARP-1 and PARP-2 in male reproduction and possible involvement of PARP overactivation in various clinical conditions associated with male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciler Celik-Ozenci
- Akdeniz University Medical Faculty Department of Histology and Embryology; Antalya, Turkey
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Chang YW, Zhao YF, Cao YL, Gu W, Pang J, Zhan HS. Bufalin exerts inhibitory effects on IL-1β-mediated proliferation and induces apoptosis in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Inflammation 2014; 37:1552-9. [PMID: 24752615 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs) proliferate abnormally and resist apoptosis. Bufalin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human cancer cells. In this study, we explored the effects of bufalin on interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)-induced proliferation and apoptosis of RAFLSs. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay and annexin V/propidium iodide staining, respectively. Bufalin dose-dependently inhibited IL-1β-induced RAFLS proliferation. Mechanistically, bufalin decreased the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), both of which are involved in IL-1β-mediated RAFLS proliferation. Moreover, bufalin induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage of RAFLSs, which was associated with Bcl-2 downregulation, Bax upregulation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and enhanced cleavages of caspase-3 and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Collectively, our results reveal that bufalin suppresses IL-1β-induced proliferation of RAFLSs through MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and induces RAFLS apoptosis via the mitochondria-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-wen Chang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,
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Gangopadhyay NN, Luketich JD, Opest A, Landreneau R, Schuchert MJ. PARP Inhibitor Activates the Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis in Primary Lung Cancer Cells. Cancer Invest 2014; 32:339-48. [PMID: 24897387 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2014.919303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Booth L, Cruickshanks N, Ridder T, Dai Y, Grant S, Dent P. PARP and CHK inhibitors interact to cause DNA damage and cell death in mammary carcinoma cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 14:458-65. [PMID: 23917378 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.24424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present studies examined viability and DNA damage levels in mammary carcinoma cells following PARP1 and CHK1 inhibitor drug combination exposure. PARP1 inhibitors [AZD2281 ; ABT888 ; NU1025 ; AG014699] interacted with CHK1 inhibitors [UCN-01 ; AZD7762 ; LY2603618] to kill mammary carcinoma cells. PARP1 and CHK1 inhibitors interacted to increase both single strand and double strand DNA breaks that correlated with increased γH2AX phosphorylation. Treatment of cells with CHK1 inhibitors increased the phosphorylation of CHK1 and ERK1/2. Knock down of ATM suppressed the drug-induced increases in CHK1 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and enhanced tumor cell killing by PARP1 and CHK1 inhibitors. Expression of dominant negative MEK1 enhanced drug-induced DNA damage whereas expression of activated MEK1 suppressed both the DNA damage response and tumor cell killing. Collectively our data demonstrate that PARP1 and CHK1 inhibitors interact to kill mammary carcinoma cells and that increased DNA damage is a surrogate marker for the response of cells to this drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Booth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Fatokun AA, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Parthanatos: mitochondrial-linked mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2000-16. [PMID: 24684389 PMCID: PMC3976618 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells die by a variety of mechanisms. Terminally differentiated cells such as neurones die in a variety of disorders, in part, via parthanatos, a process dependent on the activity of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP). Parthanatos does not require the mediation of caspases for its execution, but is clearly mechanistically dependent on the nuclear translocation of the mitochondrial-associated apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). The nuclear translocation of this otherwise beneficial mitochondrial protein, occasioned by poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) produced through PARP overactivation, causes large-scale DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation, leading to cell death. This review describes the multistep course of parthanatos and its dependence on PAR signalling and nuclear AIF translocation. The review also discusses potential targets in the parthanatos cascade as promising avenues for the development of novel, disease-modifying, therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos A Fatokun
- Institute of Cell Signalling, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
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35
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Sahaboglu A, Bolz S, Löwenheim H, Paquet-Durand F. Expression of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in wild-type and PARG-110 knock-out retina. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 801:463-9. [PMID: 24664732 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) turnover is required for many cellular processes, and highly relevant for cell death and survival. This post-translational protein modification is regulated by the synthesizing enzyme poly(ADP)ribose-polymerase (PARP) and the degrading enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). Previously, PARP activity was found to be involved in photoreceptor degeneration in the rd1 mouse and in rd1-like conditions PARP-1 was the main PARP family member contributing to photoreceptor cell death. Despite the manifest role of PARP and PAR accumulation in photoreceptor cell death, the influence of PAR degradation on photoreceptor viability was still unknown. Here, we investigated the role of PARG in photoreceptor degeneration using the PARG-110 knock out mouse and report for the first time on PARG expression in wild-type and knock-out retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Sahaboglu
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Eye Clinic Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany,
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Curtin N, Szabo C. Therapeutic applications of PARP inhibitors: anticancer therapy and beyond. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:1217-56. [PMID: 23370117 PMCID: PMC3657315 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to describe the current and potential clinical translation of pharmacological inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) for the therapy of various diseases. The first section of the present review summarizes the available preclinical and clinical data with PARP inhibitors in various forms of cancer. In this context, the role of PARP in single-strand DNA break repair is relevant, leading to replication-associated lesions that cannot be repaired if homologous recombination repair (HRR) is defective, and the synthetic lethality of PARP inhibitors in HRR-defective cancer. HRR defects are classically associated with BRCA1 and 2 mutations associated with familial breast and ovarian cancer, but there may be many other causes of HRR defects. Thus, PARP inhibitors may be the drugs of choice for BRCA mutant breast and ovarian cancers, and extend beyond these tumors if appropriate biomarkers can be developed to identify HRR defects. Multiple lines of preclinical data demonstrate that PARP inhibition increases cytotoxicity and tumor growth delay in combination with temozolomide, topoisomerase inhibitors and ionizing radiation. Both single agent and combination clinical trials are underway. The final part of the first section of the present review summarizes the current status of the various PARP inhibitors that are in various stages of clinical development. The second section of the present review summarizes the role of PARP in selected non-oncologic indications. In a number of severe, acute diseases (such as stroke, neurotrauma, circulatory shock and acute myocardial infarction) the clinical translatability of PARP inhibition is supported by multiple lines of preclinical data, as well as observational data demonstrating PARP activation in human tissue samples. In these disease indications, PARP overactivation due to oxidative and nitrative stress drives cell necrosis and pro-inflammatory gene expression, which contributes to disease pathology. Accordingly, multiple lines of preclinical data indicate the efficacy of PARP inhibitors to preserve viable tissue and to down-regulate inflammatory responses. As the clinical trials with PARP inhibitors in various forms of cancer progress, it is hoped that a second line of clinical investigations, aimed at testing of PARP inhibitors for various non-oncologic indications, will be initiated, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Curtin
- Department of Experimental Cancer Therapy, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Raja Singh P, Arunkumar R, Sivakamasundari V, Sharmila G, Elumalai P, Suganthapriya E, Brindha Mercy A, Senthilkumar K, Arunakaran J. Anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing effect of nimbolide by altering molecules involved in apoptosis and IGF signalling via PI3K/Akt in prostate cancer (PC-3) cell line. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:217-28. [PMID: 23963693 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is responsible for major deaths globally after lung cancer. Nimbolide is an important constituent of neem, and it acts as a potent inhibitor for many cancer cells. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of nimbolide on apoptosis and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling molecules in androgen-independent prostate cancer (PC-3) cells line. Nimbolide (0.5-2 μM) treatment resulted in 50% inhibition at a dose of 2 μM in the PC-3 cell line. The mRNA expression of Fas ligand, Fas-associated death domain receptor (FADDR), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), Akt, IGF1, IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and IGF binding protein 3 were quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and protein expression of Bax, cytochrome c, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), caspases -8, -9, -10 and -3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), cleaved PARP, IGF1R, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt was determined by western blot analysis, in nimbolide-treated PC-3 cell line. Nimbolide-induced apoptosis by activating DNA fragmentation in PC-3 cells. Nimbolide treatment increased the mRNA of Fas ligand, FADDR, Bax, Bad and IGF binding protein 3, decreased PI3K, Akt, IGF1 and IGF1R, increased protein expression of caspases 8, 3, 10, 9, Bax and cytochrome c and decreased the expression of XIAP, Bcl2, cleaved PARP, p-Akt and IGF1R. The results suggest that nimbolide acts as a potent anti-cancer agent by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation via PI3K/Akt pathway in PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulraj Raja Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Meyer-Ficca ML, Lonchar JD, Ihara M, Bader JJ, Meyer RG. Alteration of poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism affects murine sperm nuclear architecture by impairing pericentric heterochromatin condensation. Chromosoma 2013; 122:319-35. [PMID: 23729169 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-013-0416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian sperm nucleus is characterized by unique properties that are important for fertilization. Sperm DNA retains only small numbers of histones in distinct positions, and the majority of the genome is protamine associated, which allows for extreme condensation and protection of the genetic material. Furthermore, sperm nuclei display a highly ordered architecture that is characterized by a centrally located chromocenter comprising the pericentromeric chromosome regions and peripherally positioned telomeres. Establishment of this unique and well-conserved nuclear organization during spermiogenesis is not well understood. Utilizing fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we show that a large fraction of the histone-associated sperm genome is repetitive in nature, while a smaller fraction is associated with unique DNA sequences. Coordinated activity of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase and topoisomerase II beta has been shown to facilitate DNA relaxation and histone to protamine transition during spermatid condensation, and altered PAR metabolism is associated with an increase in sperm histone content. Combining FISH with three-dimensional laser scanning microscopy technology, we further show that altered PAR metabolism by genetic or pharmacological intervention leads to a disturbance of the overall sperm nuclear architecture with a lower degree of organization and condensation of the chromocenters formed by chromosomal pericentromeric heterochromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella L Meyer-Ficca
- Center for Animal Transgenesis and Germ Cell Research, Department of Animal Biology and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Erdélyi K, Pacher P, Virág L, Szabó C. Role of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in a 'two-hit' model of hypoxia and oxidative stress in human A549 epithelial cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:339-46. [PMID: 23722590 PMCID: PMC3776717 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A preceding hypoxic insult can sensitize the cells or the organism to a subsequent, second insult. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon (often termed ‘two-hit’ injury paradigm), in an in vitro model of hypoxia/oxidative stress injury in A549 epithelial cells, with special emphasis on the role of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in the process. Pre-exposure of the cells to 24 h hypoxia significantly reduced intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, reduced mitochondrial activity and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. However pre-exposure to hypoxia failed to induce any change in PARP-1 expression and activation, DNA single-strand breaks or plasma membrane integrity. Pre-exposure to hypoxia markedly increased the sensitivity of the cells to subsequent oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced a concentration-dependent increase in DNA breakage, PARP activation, depletion of intracellular ATP, inhibition of mitochondrial activity and two distinct parameters that quantify the breakdown of plasma membrane integrity (propidium iodide uptake or lactate dehydrogenase release). PARP-1 activation played a significant role in the H2O2-induced cell death response because PARP activation, depletion of intracellular ATP, inhibition of mitochondrial activity, and the breakdown of plasma membrane integrity were attenuated in cells with permanently silenced PARP-1. Based on measurement of the endogenous antioxidant GSH, we hypothesized that the mechanism of hypoxia-mediated enhancement of H2O2 involves depletion of the GSH during the hypoxic period, which renders the cells more sensitive to a subsequent DNA single-strand break elicited by H2O2. DNA strand breakage then activates PARP-1, leading to the inhibition of mitochondrial function, depletion of ATP and cell necrosis. PARP-1 deficiency protects against the cytotoxicity, to a lesser degree, by protecting against GSH depletion during the hypoxic period, and, to a larger degree, by maintaining mitochondrial function and preserving intracellular ATP levels during the subsequent oxidative stress period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Erdélyi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1102, USA
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Park S, Shin H, Cho Y. Shikonin induces programmed necrosis-like cell death through the formation of receptor interacting protein 1 and 3 complex. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Bornhorst J, Meyer S, Weber T, Böker C, Marschall T, Mangerich A, Beneke S, Bürkle A, Schwerdtle T. Molecular mechanisms of Mn induced neurotoxicity: RONS generation, genotoxicity, and DNA-damage response. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1255-69. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bornhorst
- Graduate School of Chemistry; University of Münster; Münster Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Sören Meyer
- Graduate School of Chemistry; University of Münster; Münster Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Till Weber
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Carolina Böker
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Talke Marschall
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Department of Biology, Molecular Toxicology Group; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Sascha Beneke
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Department of Biology, Molecular Toxicology Group; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Münster; Münster Germany
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Albadawi H, Haurani MJ, Oklu R, Trubiano JP, Laub PJ, Yoo HJ, Watkins MT. Differential effect of zoledronic acid on human vascular smooth muscle cells. J Surg Res 2012; 182:339-46. [PMID: 23164362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The activation of human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, adhesion and migration is essential for intimal hyperplasia formation. These experiments were designed to test whether zoledronic acid (ZA) would modulate indices of human smooth muscle cell activation, exert differential effects on proliferating versus quiescent cells, and determine whether these effects were dependent on GTPase binding proteins prenylation. ZA was chosen for testing in these experiments because it is clinically used in humans with cancer, and has been shown to modulate rat smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. METHODS Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) were cultured under either proliferating or growth arrest (quiescent) conditions in the presence or absence of ZA for 48 hours, whereupon the effect of ZA on HASMC proliferation, cellular viability, metabolic activity, and membrane integrity were compared. In addition, the effect of ZA on adhesion and migration were assessed in proliferating cells. The effect of increased concentration of ZA on the mevalonate pathway and genomic/cellular stress related poly-adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase enzyme activity were assessed using the relative prenylation of Rap-1A/B protein and the formation of poly adenosine diphosphate-ribosylated protein, respectively. RESULTS There was a dose dependent inhibition of cellular proliferation, adhesion and migration following ZA treatment. ZA treatment decreased indices of cellular viability and significantly increased membrane injury in proliferating versus quiescent cells. This was correlated with the appearance of unprenylated Rap-1A protein and dose dependent down regulation of activity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ZA is effective in inhibiting HASMC proliferation, adhesion, and migration, which coincide with the appearance of unprenylated RAP-1A/B protein, thereby suggesting that the mevalonate pathway may play a role in the inhibition of HASMC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Albadawi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Small-molecule inhibitors of DNA damage-repair pathways: an approach to overcome tumor resistance to alkylating anticancer drugs. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1093-111. [PMID: 22709253 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the future development of cancer therapeutics is the identification of biological targets and pathways, and the subsequent design of molecules to combat the drug-resistant cells hiding in virtually all cancers. This therapeutic approach is justified based upon the limited advances in cancer cures over the past 30 years, despite the development of many novel chemotherapies and earlier detection, which often fail due to drug resistance. Among the various targets to overcome tumor resistance are the DNA repair systems that can reverse the cytotoxicity of many clinically used DNA-damaging agents. Some progress has already been made but much remains to be done. We explore some components of the DNA-repair process, which are involved in repair of alkylation damage of DNA, as targets for the development of novel and effective molecules designed to improve the efficacy of existing anticancer drugs.
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Ashwell S. Strategies towards more effective anticancer therapies: targeting DNA damage response pathways. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 3:103-15. [PMID: 22111536 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.09.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a tremendous increase in the understanding of the cellular mechanisms that underlie the detection and repair of DNA damage. This gave rise to the hypothesis that inhibition of DNA repair may result in increased efficacy of existing therapies and, more recently, to the idea that some tumor cells may carry additional defects that make them hypersensitive to DNA repair inhibitors as single agents. In order to minimize the potential to cause lesions in normal tissue, strategies have been directed to specific targets or pathways where selectivity for tumor over normal tissue is possible, thus to date most emphasis has been placed on a relatively small number of targets such as the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and the checkpoint kinases. Both of these approaches have yielded small molecule inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ashwell
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
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PARP-1 Inhibitors DPQ and PJ-34 Negatively Modulate Proinflammatory Commitment of Human Glioblastoma Cells. Neurochem Res 2012; 38:50-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Regulation of kinase cascade activation and heat shock protein expression by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition in doxorubicin-induced heart failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 58:380-91. [PMID: 21697725 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318225c21e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is one of the most severe side effects of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). The formation of reactive oxygen species plays a critical role in the development of cardiomyopathies, and the pathophysiological cascade activates nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and kinase pathways. We characterized the effects of the PARP-inhibitor and kinase-modulator compound L-2286 in DOX-induced cardiac injury models. We studied the effect of the established superoxide dismutase-mimic Tempol and compared the effects of this agent with those of the PARP inhibitor. In the rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes, in which DOX-induced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, L-2286 protected them from the DOX-induced injury in a concentration-dependent manner. In the in vivo studies, mice were pretreated (for 1 week) with L-2286 or Tempol before the DOX treatment. Both the agents improved the activation of cytoprotective kinases, Akt, phospho-specific protein kinase C ϵ, ζ/λ and suppressed the activity of cell death promoting kinases glycogen synthase kinase-3β, JNK, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, but the effect of PARP inhibitor was more pronounced and improved the survival as well. L-2286 activated the phosphorylation of proapoptotic transcription factor FKHR1 and promoted the expression of Hsp72 and Hsp90. These data suggest that the mode of the cytoprotective action of the PARP inhibitor may include the modulation of kinase pathways and heat shock protein expression.
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Tang Y, Hamed HA, Poklepovic A, Dai Y, Grant S, Dent P. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 modulates the lethality of CHK1 inhibitors in mammary tumors. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:322-32. [PMID: 22596349 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.078907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present studies sought to define whether checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitors and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitors interact in vitro and in vivo to kill breast cancer cells. PARP1 and CHK1 inhibitors interacted to kill estrogen receptor (ER)+, ER+ fulvestrant-resistant, HER2+, or triple-negative mammary carcinoma cells in a manner that was not apparently affected by phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 functional status. Expression of dominant-negative CHK1 enhanced and overexpression of wild-type CHK1 suppressed the toxicity of PARP1 inhibitors in a dose-dependent fashion. Knockdown of PARP1 enhanced the lethality of CHK1 inhibitors in a dose-dependent fashion. PARP1 and CHK1 inhibitors interacted in vivo both to suppress the growth of large established tumors and to suppress the growth of smaller developing tumors; the combination enhanced animal survival. PARP1 and CHK1 inhibitors profoundly radiosensitized cells in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the combination of PARP1 and CHK1 inhibitors has antitumor activity in vivo against multiple mammary tumor types and that translation of this approach could prove to be a useful anticancer therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- Massey Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA
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Radnai B, Antus C, Racz B, Engelmann P, Priber JK, Tucsek Z, Veres B, Turi Z, Lorand T, Sumegi B, Gallyas F. Protective effect of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor PJ34 on mitochondrial depolarization-mediated cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells involves attenuation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-2 and protein kinase B/Akt activation. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:34. [PMID: 22583868 PMCID: PMC3481453 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl-E-4-arylidene-3-isochromanone (IK11) was previously described to induce apoptotic death of A431 tumor cells. In this report, we investigated the molecular action of IK11 in the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line to increase our knowledge of the role of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP), protein kinase B/Akt and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in the survival and death of tumor cells and to highlight the possible role of PARP-inhibitors in co-treatments with different cytotoxic agents in cancer therapy. Results We found that sublethal concentrations of IK11 prevented proliferation, migration and entry of the cells into their G2 phase. At higher concentrations, IK11 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2), and substantial loss of HepG2 cells. ROS production appeared marginal in mediating the cytotoxicity of IK11 since N-acetyl cysteine was unable to prevent it. However, the PARP inhibitor PJ34, although not a ROS scavenger, strongly inhibited both IK11-induced ROS production and cell death. JNK2 activation seemed to be a major mediator of the effect of IK11 since inhibition of JNK resulted in a substantial cytoprotection while inhibitors of the other kinases failed to do so. Inhibition of Akt slightly diminished the effect of IK11, while the JNK and Akt inhibitor and ROS scavenger trans-resveratrol completely protected against it. Conclusions These results indicate significant involvement of PARP, a marginal role of ROS and a pro-apoptotic role of Akt in this system, and raise attention to a novel mechanism that should be considered when cancer therapy is augmented with PARP-inhibition, namely the cytoprotection by inhibition of JNK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Radnai
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, 12 Szigeti st., H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
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Mairs RJ, Boyd M. Preclinical assessment of strategies for enhancement of metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy of neuroendocrine tumors. Semin Nucl Med 2012; 41:334-44. [PMID: 21803183 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
By virtue of its high affinity for the norepinephrine transporter (NET), [(131)I]metaiodobenzylguanidine ([(131)I]MIBG) has been used for the therapy of tumors of neuroectodermal origin for more than 25 years. Although not yet universally adopted, [(131)I]MIBG targeted radiotherapy remains a highly promising means of management of neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and carcinoids. Appreciation of the mode of conveyance of [(131)I]MIBG into malignant cells and of factors that influence the activity of the uptake mechanism has indicated a variety of means of increasing the effectiveness of this type of treatment. Studies in model systems revealed that radiolabeling of MIBG to high specific activity reduced the amount of cold competitor, thereby increasing tumor dose and minimizing pressor effects. Increased radiotoxicity to targeted tumors might also be achieved by the use of the α-particle emitter [(211)At]astatine rather than (131)I as radiolabel. Recently it has been demonstrated that potent cytotoxic bystander effects were induced by [(131)I]MIBG, [(123)I]MIBG, and [(211)At]meta-astatobenzylguanidine. Discovery of the structure of bystander factors could increase the therapeutic ratio achievable by MIBG targeted radiotherapy. [(131)I]MIBG combined with topotecan produced supra-additive cytotoxicity in vitro and tumor growth delay in vivo. The enhanced antitumor effect was consistent with a failure to repair DNA damage. Initial findings suggest that further enhancement of efficacy might be achieved by triple combination therapy with drugs that disrupt alternative tumor-specific pathways and synergize not only with [(131)I]MIBG abut also with topotecan. With these ploys, it is expected that advances will be made toward the optimization of [(131)I]MIBG therapy of neuroectodermal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J Mairs
- Radiation Oncology, Division of Cancer Science and Molecular Pathology, University of Glasgow, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Laboratories, Glasgow, Scotland.
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Finch KE, Knezevic CE, Nottbohm AC, Partlow KC, Hergenrother PJ. Selective small molecule inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:563-70. [PMID: 22220926 DOI: 10.1021/cb200506t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) post-translational modification is essential for diverse cellular functions, including regulation of transcription, response to DNA damage, and mitosis. Cellular PAR is predominantly synthesized by the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). PARP-1 is a critical node in the DNA damage response pathway, and multiple potent PARP-1 inhibitors have been described, some of which show considerable promise in the clinic for the treatment of certain cancers. Cellular PAR is efficiently degraded by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), an enzyme for which no potent, readily accessible, and specific inhibitors exist. Herein we report the discovery of small molecules that effectively inhibit PARG in vitro and in cellular lysates. These potent PARG inhibitors can be produced in two chemical steps from commercial starting materials and have complete specificity for PARG over the other known PAR glycohydrolase (ADP-ribosylhydrolase 3, ARH3) and over PARP-1 and thus will be useful tools for studying the biochemistry of PAR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E. Finch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
| | - Claire E. Knezevic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
| | - Amanda C. Nottbohm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
| | - Kathryn C. Partlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
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