1
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Buchberger ES, Joechner AK, Ngo CT, Lindenberger U, Werkle-Bergner M. Age differences in generalization, memory specificity, and their overnight fate in childhood. Child Dev 2024; 95:e270-e286. [PMID: 38516813 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Memory enables generalization to new situations, and memory specificity that preserves individual episodes. This study investigated generalization, memory specificity, and their overnight fate in 141 4- to 8-year-olds (computerized memory game; 71 females, tested 2020-2021 in Germany). The results replicated age effects in generalization and memory specificity, and a contingency of generalization on object conceptual properties and interobject semantic proximity. Age effects were stronger in generalization than in memory specificity, and generalization was more closely linked to the explicit regularity knowledge in older than in younger children. After an overnight delay, older children retained more generalized and specific memories and showed greater gains but only in generalization. These findings reveal distinct age differences in generalization and memory specificity across childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa S Buchberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Joechner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chi T Ngo
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Pesonen AK, Koskinen MK, Vuorenhela N, Halonen R, Mäkituuri S, Selin M, Luokkala S, Suutari A, Hovatta I. The effect of REM-sleep disruption on affective processing: A systematic review of human and animal experimental studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105714. [PMID: 38729279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Evidence on the importance of rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) in processing emotions is accumulating. The focus of this systematic review is the outcomes of experimental REMS deprivation (REMSD), which is the most common method in animal models and human studies on REMSD. This review revealed that variations in the applied REMSD methods were substantial. Animal models used longer deprivation protocols compared with studies in humans, which mostly reported acute deprivation effects after one night. Studies on animal models showed that REMSD causes aggressive behavior, increased pain sensitivity, reduced sexual behavior, and compromised consolidation of fear memories. Animal models also revealed that REMSD during critical developmental periods elicits lasting consequences on affective-related behavior. The few human studies revealed increases in pain sensitivity and suggest stronger consolidation of emotional memories after REMSD. As pharmacological interventions (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]) may suppress REMS for long periods, there is a clear gap in knowledge regarding the effects and mechanisms of chronic REMS suppression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland.
| | - Maija-Kreetta Koskinen
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Neea Vuorenhela
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Risto Halonen
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Saara Mäkituuri
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Maikki Selin
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Sanni Luokkala
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Alma Suutari
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- SleepWell Research Program and Department of Psychology and Logopedics Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014, Finland
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3
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Bieth T, Kenett YN, Ovando-Tellez M, Lopez-Persem A, Lacaux C, Scuccimarra M, Maye I, Sénéchal J, Oudiette D, Volle E. Changes in semantic memory structure support successful problem-solving and analogical transfer. COMMUNICATIONS PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 2:54. [PMID: 39242875 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Creative problem-solving is central in daily life, yet its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Restructuring (i.e., reorganization of problem-related representations) is considered one problem-solving mechanism and may lead to an abstract problem-related representation facilitating the solving of analogous problems. Here, we used network science methodology to estimate participants' semantic memory networks (SemNets) before and after attempting to solve a riddle. Restructuring was quantified as the difference in SemNets metrics between pre- and post-solving phases. Our results provide initial evidence that problem-related SemNets restructuring may be associated with the successful solving of the riddle and, subsequently, an analogous one. Solution-relevant concepts and semantically remote concepts became more strongly related in solvers. Only changes in semantically remote concepts were instrumental in actively solving the riddle while changes in solution-relevant concepts may reflect a pre-exposure to the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Bieth
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France.
- Neurology department, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Yoed N Kenett
- Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Marcela Ovando-Tellez
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Alizée Lopez-Persem
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Célia Lacaux
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France
- Sleep center, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marie Scuccimarra
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Inès Maye
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Jade Sénéchal
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Oudiette
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France.
- Sleep center, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, AP-HP, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Volle
- Sorbonne University, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute -ICM-, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience, Paris, France.
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4
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Armstrong M, Castellanos J, Christie D. Chronic pain as an emergent property of a complex system and the potential roles of psychedelic therapies. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1346053. [PMID: 38706873 PMCID: PMC11066302 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1346053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite research advances and urgent calls by national and global health organizations, clinical outcomes for millions of people suffering with chronic pain remain poor. We suggest bringing the lens of complexity science to this problem, conceptualizing chronic pain as an emergent property of a complex biopsychosocial system. We frame pain-related physiology, neuroscience, developmental psychology, learning, and epigenetics as components and mini-systems that interact together and with changing socioenvironmental conditions, as an overarching complex system that gives rise to the emergent phenomenon of chronic pain. We postulate that the behavior of complex systems may help to explain persistence of chronic pain despite current treatments. From this perspective, chronic pain may benefit from therapies that can be both disruptive and adaptive at higher orders within the complex system. We explore psychedelic-assisted therapies and how these may overlap with and complement mindfulness-based approaches to this end. Both mindfulness and psychedelic therapies have been shown to have transdiagnostic value, due in part to disruptive effects on rigid cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns as well their ability to promote neuroplasticity. Psychedelic therapies may hold unique promise for the management of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Armstrong
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Joel Castellanos
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Devon Christie
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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5
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Siefert E, Uppuluri S, Mu. J, Tandoc M, Antony J, Schapiro A. Memory reactivation during sleep does not act holistically on object memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.14.571683. [PMID: 38168451 PMCID: PMC10760132 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.14.571683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Memory reactivation during sleep is thought to facilitate memory consolidation. Most sleep reactivation research has examined how reactivation of specific facts, objects, and associations benefits their overall retention. However, our memories are not unitary, and not all features of a memory persist in tandem over time. Instead, our memories are transformed, with some features strengthened and others weakened. Does sleep reactivation drive memory transformation? We leveraged the Targeted Memory Reactivation technique in an object category learning paradigm to examine this question. Participants (20 female, 14 male) learned three categories of novel objects, where each object had unique, distinguishing features as well as features shared with other members of its category. We used a real-time EEG protocol to cue the reactivation of these objects during sleep at moments optimized to generate reactivation events. We found that reactivation improved memory for distinguishing features while worsening memory for shared features, suggesting a differentiation process. The results indicate that sleep reactivation does not act holistically on object memories, instead supporting a transformation process where some features are enhanced over others.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.M. Siefert
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - S. Uppuluri
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J. Mu.
- Department of Psychology and Child Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - M.C. Tandoc
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - A.C. Schapiro
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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6
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Yoshida K, Toyoizumi T. Computational role of sleep in memory reorganization. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102799. [PMID: 37844426 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is considered to play an essential role in memory reorganization. Despite its importance, classical theoretical models did not focus on some sleep characteristics. Here, we review recent theoretical approaches investigating their roles in learning and discuss the possibility that non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep selectively consolidates memory, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep reorganizes the representations of memories. We first review the possibility that slow waves during NREM sleep contribute to memory selection by using sequential firing patterns and the existence of up and down states. Second, we discuss the role of dreaming during REM sleep in developing neuronal representations. We finally discuss how to develop these points further, emphasizing the connections to experimental neuroscience and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Yoshida
- Laboratory for Neural Computation and Adaptation, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Mathematical Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taro Toyoizumi
- Laboratory for Neural Computation and Adaptation, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Mathematical Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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7
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Malloggi S, Conte F, De Rosa O, Cellini N, Gavazzi G, Di Iorio I, Ficca G, Giganti F. False memories formation after a retention period spent asleep or awake in individuals with insomnia and good sleepers: a polysomnographic study. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13896. [PMID: 37016807 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
False memories are a possible by-product of sleep-related memory consolidation processes when delayed testing is performed after a retention interval spent asleep. To date, the effect of a retention period spent asleep or awake on false memories formation has been addressed only in healthy subjects, while neglecting sleep-disordered populations. In the present study, we investigated this effect in 17 insomniacs and 15 good sleepers through the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. In both groups, the encoding phase was followed by an 8-h retention period spent in polysomnography monitored sleep (S-condition) or wake (WK-condition). We observed that, at free recall, insomniacs produced more false recalls in the WK-condition compared to the S-condition, whereas the good sleepers showed more false recalls in S-condition than in the WK-condition. Moreover, false recalls were higher in good sleepers than in insomniacs in the S-condition. Both groups produced more veridical recalls in the S-condition than in the WK-condition. For recognition, hits (correctly recognised words) were more numerous in the S-condition than in the WK-condition. Our results confirm previous data on sleep-related false memories production in good sleepers. Additionally, they show that, in insomniacs, false memories production is reduced after a sleep relative to remaining awake. These data suggest that false memories formation, reflecting adaptive memory reshaping processes going on during sleep, could occur at awakening as long as the sleep episode is efficient enough. A notable methodological issue was also identified, in that the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm can be useful to investigate sleep-dependent memory processes for false memories only when a more cognitively demanding task is employed (i.e., free-recall instead of recognition tasks).
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Malloggi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Conte
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Oreste De Rosa
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gioele Gavazzi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Iorio
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ficca
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Giganti
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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8
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Kaida K, Mori I, Kihara K, Kaida N. The function of REM and NREM sleep on memory distortion and consolidation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 204:107811. [PMID: 37567411 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, newly consolidated memories can be distorted to adjust the existing memory base in memory integration. However, only a few studies have demonstrated the role of REM sleep in memory distortion. The present study aims to clarify the role of REM sleep in the facilitation of memory distortion, that is, hindsight bias, compared to non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and wake states. The split-night paradigm was used to segregate REM and NREM sleep. The hypotheses are (1) hindsight bias-memory distortion-is more substantial during REM-rich sleep (late-night sleep) than during NREM-rich sleep (early-night sleep); (2) memory stabilization is more substantial during NREM-rich sleep (early-night sleep) than during REM-rich sleep (late-night sleep); and (3) memory distortion takes longer time than memory stabilization. The results of the hindsight bias test show that more memory distortions were observed after the REM condition in comparison to the NREM condition. Contrary to the hindsight bias, the correct response in the word-pair association test was observed more in the NREM than in the REM condition. The difference in the hindsight bias index between the REM and NREM conditions was identified only one week later. Comparatively, the difference in correct responses in the word-pair association task between the conditions appeared three hours later and one week later. The present study found that (1) memory distortion occurs more during REM-rich sleep than during NREM-rich sleep, while memory stabilization occurs more during NREM-rich sleep than during REM-rich sleep. Moreover, (2) the newly encoded memory could be stabilized immediately after encoding, but memory distortion occurs over several days. These results suggest that the roles of NREM and REM sleep in memory processes could be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kaida
- Institute for Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Ikue Mori
- Institute for Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ken Kihara
- Institute for Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaida
- Institute of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
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9
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Sridhar S, Khamaj A, Asthana MK. Cognitive neuroscience perspective on memory: overview and summary. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1217093. [PMID: 37565054 PMCID: PMC10410470 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1217093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores memory from a cognitive neuroscience perspective and examines associated neural mechanisms. It examines the different types of memory: working, declarative, and non-declarative, and the brain regions involved in each type. The paper highlights the role of different brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex in working memory and the hippocampus in declarative memory. The paper also examines the mechanisms that underlie the formation and consolidation of memory, including the importance of sleep in the consolidation of memory and the role of the hippocampus in linking new memories to existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights two types of memory consolidation processes: cellular consolidation and system consolidation. Cellular consolidation is the process of stabilizing information by strengthening synaptic connections. System consolidation models suggest that memories are initially stored in the hippocampus and are gradually consolidated into the neocortex over time. The consolidation process involves a hippocampal-neocortical binding process incorporating newly acquired information into existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights the role of the medial temporal lobe and its involvement in autobiographical memory. Further, the paper discusses the relationship between episodic and semantic memory and the role of the hippocampus. Finally, the paper underscores the need for further research into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying non-declarative memory, particularly conditioning. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive overview from a cognitive neuroscience perspective of the different processes involved in memory consolidation of different types of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sridhar
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Khamaj
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Kumar Asthana
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
- Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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10
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Savino R, Polito AN, Marsala G, Ventriglio A, Di Salvatore M, De Stefano MI, Valenzano A, Marinaccio L, Bellomo A, Cibelli G, Monda M, Monda V, Messina A, Polito R, Carotenuto M, Messina G. Agomelatine: A Potential Multitarget Compound for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Brain Sci 2023; 13:734. [PMID: 37239206 PMCID: PMC10216109 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Agomelatine (AGM) is one of the latest atypical antidepressants, prescribed exclusively for the treatment of depression in adults. AGM belongs to the pharmaceutical class of melatonin agonist and selective serotonin antagonist ("MASS"), as it acts both as a selective agonist of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, and as a selective antagonist of 5-HT2C/5-HT2B receptors. AGM is involved in the resynchronization of interrupted circadian rhythms, with beneficial effects on sleep patterns, while antagonism on serotonin receptors increases the availability of norepinephrine and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex, with an antidepressant and nootropic effect. The use of AGM in the pediatric population is limited by the scarcity of data. In addition, few studies and case reports have been published on the use of AGM in patients with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Considering this evidence, the purpose of this review is to report the potential role of AGM in neurological developmental disorders. AGM would increase the expression of the cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) in the prefrontal cortex, with optimization of learning, long-term memory consolidation, and improved survival of neurons. Another important feature of AGM is the ability to modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission in regions associated with mood and cognition. With its synergistic activity a melatoninergic agonist and an antagonist of 5-HT2C, AGM acts as an antidepressant, psychostimulant, and promoter of neuronal plasticity, regulating cognitive symptoms, resynchronizing circadian rhythms in patients with autism, ADHD, anxiety, and depression. Given its good tolerability and good compliance, it could potentially be administered to adolescents and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Savino
- Department of Woman and Child, Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, General Hospital "Riuniti" of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Nunzia Polito
- Department of Woman and Child, Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, General Hospital "Riuniti" of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Melanie Di Salvatore
- Department of Woman and Child, Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, General Hospital "Riuniti" of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Ida De Stefano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Marinaccio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Carotenuto
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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11
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Picard-Deland C, Konkoly K, Raider R, Paller KA, Nielsen T, Pigeon WR, Carr M. The memory sources of dreams: serial awakenings across sleep stages and time of night. Sleep 2023; 46:zsac292. [PMID: 36462190 PMCID: PMC10091095 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Memories of waking-life events are incorporated into dreams, but their incorporation is not uniform across a night of sleep. This study aimed to elucidate ways in which such memory sources vary by sleep stage and time of night. Twenty healthy participants (11 F; 24.1 ± 5.7 years) spent a night in the laboratory and were awakened for dream collection approximately 12 times spread across early, middle, and late periods of sleep, while covering all stages of sleep (N1, N2, N3, REM). In the morning, participants identified and dated associated memories of waking-life events for each dream report, when possible. The incorporation of recent memory sources in dreams was more frequent in N1 and REM than in other sleep stages. The incorporation of distant memories from over a week ago, semantic memories not traceable to a single event, and anticipated future events remained stable throughout sleep. In contrast, the relative proportions of recent versus distant memory sources changed across the night, independently of sleep stage, with late-night dreams in all stages having relatively less recent and more remote memory sources than dreams earlier in the night. Qualitatively, dreams tended to repeat similar themes across the night and in different sleep stages. The present findings clarify the temporal course of memory incorporations in dreams, highlighting a specific connection between time of night and the temporal remoteness of memories. We discuss how dream content may, at least in part, reflect the mechanisms of sleep-dependent memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Konkoly
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Rachel Raider
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ken A Paller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tore Nielsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wilfred R Pigeon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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12
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Yoshida K, Toyoizumi T. Information maximization explains state-dependent synaptic plasticity and memory reorganization during non-rapid eye movement sleep. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 2:pgac286. [PMID: 36712943 PMCID: PMC9833047 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Slow waves during the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep reflect the alternating up and down states of cortical neurons; global and local slow waves promote memory consolidation and forgetting, respectively. Furthermore, distinct spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) operates in these up and down states. The contribution of different plasticity rules to neural information coding and memory reorganization remains unknown. Here, we show that optimal synaptic plasticity for information maximization in a cortical neuron model provides a unified explanation for these phenomena. The model indicates that the optimal synaptic plasticity is biased toward depression as the baseline firing rate increases. This property explains the distinct STDP observed in the up and down states. Furthermore, it explains how global and local slow waves predominantly potentiate and depress synapses, respectively, if the background firing rate of excitatory neurons declines with the spatial scale of waves as the model predicts. The model provides a unifying account of the role of NREM sleep, bridging neural information coding, synaptic plasticity, and memory reorganization.
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13
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Singh D, Norman KA, Schapiro AC. A model of autonomous interactions between hippocampus and neocortex driving sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123432119. [PMID: 36279437 PMCID: PMC9636926 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123432119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
How do we build up our knowledge of the world over time? Many theories of memory formation and consolidation have posited that the hippocampus stores new information, then "teaches" this information to the neocortex over time, especially during sleep. But it is unclear, mechanistically, how this actually works-How are these systems able to interact during periods with virtually no environmental input to accomplish useful learning and shifts in representation? We provide a framework for thinking about this question, with neural network model simulations serving as demonstrations. The model is composed of hippocampus and neocortical areas, which replay memories and interact with one another completely autonomously during simulated sleep. Oscillations are leveraged to support error-driven learning that leads to useful changes in memory representation and behavior. The model has a non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stage, where dynamics between the hippocampus and neocortex are tightly coupled, with the hippocampus helping neocortex to reinstate high-fidelity versions of new attractors, and a REM sleep stage, where neocortex is able to more freely explore existing attractors. We find that alternating between NREM and REM sleep stages, which alternately focuses the model's replay on recent and remote information, facilitates graceful continual learning. We thus provide an account of how the hippocampus and neocortex can interact without any external input during sleep to drive useful new cortical learning and to protect old knowledge as new information is integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhairyya Singh
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kenneth A. Norman
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Anna C. Schapiro
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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14
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Boulos MI, Chi L, Chernyshev OY. The mobile sleep medicine model in neurologic practice: Rationale and application. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1032463. [PMID: 36388176 PMCID: PMC9650181 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1032463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in neurological practice and significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. OSA is prevalent in US adults and causes poor quality sleep and significant neurocognitive, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular impairments. Timely treatment of OSA reduces cardio-cerebrovascular risks and improves quality of life. However, most of the US population has limited systematic access to sleep medicine care despite its clinical significance. Focus We discuss the importance of systematic screening, testing, and best-practice management of OSA and hypoventilation/hypoxemia syndromes (HHS) in patients with stroke, neurocognitive impairment, and neuromuscular conditions. This review aims to introduce and describe a novel integrated Mobile Sleep Medicine (iMSM) care model and provide the rationale for using an iMSM in general neurological practice to assist with systematic screening, testing and best-practice management of OSA, HHS, and potentially other sleep conditions. Key points The iMSM is an innovative, patient-centered, clinical outcome-based program that uses a Mobile Sleep Medicine Unit—a “sleep lab on wheels”—designed to improve access to OSA management and sleep care at all levels of health care system. The protocol for the iMSM care model includes three levels of operations to provide effective and efficient OSA screening, timely testing/treatment plans, and coordination of further sleep medicine care follow-up. The iMSM care model prioritizes effective, efficient, and patient-centered sleep medicine care; therefore, all parties and segments of care that receive and provide clinical sleep medicine services may benefit from adopting this innovative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I. Boulos
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sleep Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luqi Chi
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Oleg Y. Chernyshev
- Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Ochsner LSU Health Sleep Medicine Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Oleg Y. Chernyshev
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15
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Toor B, van den Berg NH, Fang Z, Pozzobon A, Ray LB, Fogel SM. Age-related differences in problem-solving skills: Reduced benefit of sleep for memory trace consolidation. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 116:55-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Jin R, Xia T, Gawronski B, Hu X. Attitudinal Effects of Stimulus Co-occurrence and Stimulus Relations: Sleep Supports Propositional Learning Via Memory Consolidation. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506211067673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive behavior requires that organisms learn not only which stimuli tend to co-occur (e.g., whether stimulus A co-occurs with unpleasant stimulus B) but also how co-occurring stimuli are related (e.g., whether A starts or stops B). In a preregistered study ( N = 200 adults), we investigated whether sleep would promote adaptive evaluative choices requiring joint memories for stimulus co-occurrences and stimulus relations. Participants learned about hypothetical pharmaceutical products that either cause or prevent positive or negative health conditions, followed by measures of evaluative choices and explicit memory. After a 12-hr retention interval including either nocturnal sleep or daytime wake, participants completed the same measures a second time. Results showed that sleep strengthened the impact of causal product–condition relations on choices (revealed by multinomial modeling analyses) and enhanced memories for specific stimulus co-occurrences (revealed by memory preservation analyses). The findings suggest that sleep promotes adaptive evaluative choices via offline memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jin
- The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Xia
- The University of Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Xiaoqing Hu
- The University of Hong Kong, China
- HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Conte F, De Rosa O, Albinni B, Mango D, Coppola A, Malloggi S, Giangrande D, Giganti F, Barbato G, Ficca G. Learning Monologues at Bedtime Improves Sleep Quality in Actors and Non-Actors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:11. [PMID: 35010270 PMCID: PMC8750122 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several studies show that pre-sleep learning determines changes in subsequent sleep, including improvements of sleep quality. Our aims were to confirm this finding using a more ecological task (learning a theatrical monologue) and to investigate whether the effect is modulated by expertise. Using a mixed design, we compared polysomnographic recordings of baseline sleep (BL, 9-h TIB) to those of post-training sleep (TR, with the same TIB but preceded by the training session), in one group of actors (N = 11) and one of non-actors (N = 11). In both groups, TR appears reorganized and re-compacted by the learning session, as shown, among others, by a significant decrease of WASO%, awakenings, arousals, and state transitions and by a trend towards an increased number of complete cycles and total cycle time. Concerning memory performance, the number of synonyms produced was significantly higher in the morning relative to immediate recall. No between-groups differences emerged either for sleep or memory variables. Our data confirm pre-sleep learning's beneficial effect on sleep quality in an ecological context. While expertise appears not to influence memory-related sleep mechanisms, results on morning recall support the recent view that sleep's role in memory processes consists in trace "transformation" for adaptive purposes, rather than rote consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Conte
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (O.D.R.); (B.A.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (G.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Oreste De Rosa
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (O.D.R.); (B.A.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (G.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Benedetta Albinni
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (O.D.R.); (B.A.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (G.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Daniele Mango
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (O.D.R.); (B.A.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (G.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Alessia Coppola
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (O.D.R.); (B.A.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (G.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Serena Malloggi
- Department Neurofarba, University of Firenze, Via di San Salvi 12, 50135 Firenze, Italy; (S.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Davide Giangrande
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (O.D.R.); (B.A.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (G.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Fiorenza Giganti
- Department Neurofarba, University of Firenze, Via di San Salvi 12, 50135 Firenze, Italy; (S.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Barbato
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (O.D.R.); (B.A.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (G.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianluca Ficca
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (O.D.R.); (B.A.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (D.G.); (G.B.); (G.F.)
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18
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Lacaux C, Andrillon T, Bastoul C, Idir Y, Fonteix-Galet A, Arnulf I, Oudiette D. Sleep onset is a creative sweet spot. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj5866. [PMID: 34878849 PMCID: PMC8654287 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability to think creatively is paramount to facing new challenges, but how creativity arises remains mysterious. Here, we show that the brain activity common to the twilight zone between sleep and wakefulness (nonrapid eye movement sleep stage 1 or N1) ignites creative sparks. Participants (N = 103) were exposed to mathematical problems without knowing that a hidden rule allowed solving them almost instantly. We found that spending at least 15 s in N1 during a resting period tripled the chance to discover the hidden rule (83% versus 30% when participants remained awake), and this effect vanished if subjects reached deeper sleep. Our findings suggest that there is a creative sweet spot within the sleep-onset period, and hitting it requires individuals balancing falling asleep easily against falling asleep too deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lacaux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris 75013, France
| | - Thomas Andrillon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris 75013, France
- Monash Centre for Consciousness and Contemplative Studies, Faculty of Arts, Menzies Building, 20 Chancellors Walk, Clayton Campus, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Céleste Bastoul
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris 75013, France
| | - Yannis Idir
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris 75013, France
| | - Alexandrine Fonteix-Galet
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris 75013, France
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris 75013, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, National Reference Centre for Narcolepsy, Paris 75013, France
| | - Delphine Oudiette
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris 75013, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, National Reference Centre for Narcolepsy, Paris 75013, France
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19
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Malloggi S, Conte F, De Rosa O, Righi S, Gronchi G, Ficca G, Giganti F. False memories formation is increased in individuals with insomnia. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13527. [PMID: 34854152 PMCID: PMC9285031 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that sleep can influence false memories formation. Specifically, acute sleep loss has been shown to promote false memories production by impairing memory retrieval at subsequent testing. Surprisingly, the relationship between sleep and false memories has only been investigated in healthy subjects but not in individuals with insomnia, whose sleep is objectively impaired compared to healthy subjects. Indeed, this population shows several cognitive impairments involving prefrontal functioning that could affect source monitoring processes and contribute to false memories generation. Moreover, it has been previously reported that subjects with insomnia differentially process sleep‐related versus neutral stimuli. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare false memories production between individuals with insomnia symptoms and good sleepers, and to evaluate the possible influence of stimulus category (neutral versus sleep‐related) in the two groups. The results show that false memories are globally increased in participants reporting insomnia symptoms compared to good sleepers. A reduction in source monitoring ability was also observed in the former group, suggesting that an impairment of this executive function could be especially involved in false memories formation. Moreover, our data seem to confirm that false memories production in individuals with insomnia symptoms appears significantly modulated by stimulus category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Malloggi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Conte
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Oreste De Rosa
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Stefania Righi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gronchi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ficca
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Giganti
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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20
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Matorina N, Poppenk J. Memory decay distinguishes subtypes of gist. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 185:107519. [PMID: 34536526 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Memories are thought to become more gist-like over time. Multiple related memories might form generalized memory representations, losing specific details but enhancing or retaining gist. The time course within which gist memory emerges, however, is the subject of less consensus. To address this question, we focused our design on four kinds of gist: inferential gist (relations extracted across non-contiguous events), statistical learning (regularities extracted from a series), summary gist (a theme abstracted from a temporally contiguous series of items), and category gist (characterization of a stimulus at a higher level in the semantic hierarchy). Seventy participants completed memory encoding tasks addressing these types of gist and corresponding retrieval tasks the same evening, the morning after, and one week later, as well as an MRI at a later time point. We found little evidence that gist slowly emerges over time or that gist traces are more resistant to forgetting than detail traces. Instead, we found that initial gist memory shortly after encoding was either retained over time or decayed. Inferential gist and statistical learning were retained over a week, whereas memory for category and summary gist decayed. We discuss several interpretations for differences between these two subtypes of gist. Individual differences in REM or slow-wave sleep and hippocampal volumes did not predict changes in memory for these four kinds of gist in a healthy young adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Matorina
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jordan Poppenk
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, K7L 3N6, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, Queen's University, K7L 3N6, Canada; School of Computing, Queen's University, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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21
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Wang J, Chen B, Sha M, Gu Y, Wu H, Forcato C, Qin S. Positive and Neutral Updating Reconsolidate Aversive Episodic Memories via Different Routes. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 184:107500. [PMID: 34389448 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aversive memories are long-lasting and prone to burden our emotional wellbeing and mental health. Yet, how to remedy the maladaptive effects of aversive memories remains elusive. Using memory reactivation and emotional updating manipulations, we investigated how positive and neutral emotion may update aversive memories for reconsolidation in humans. We found that positive updating after reactivation was equivalent to neutral updating in impairing true memories of a previous aversive event after a 12-hour wakeful delay, but induced more false memory. Moreover, additional 12-hour delay with overnight sleep did not further enlarge true memory differences, but attenuated the effect of reactivation and updating on false memory. Interestingly, the neutral rather than the positive updating reduced the emotional arousal of the aversive memory 24 hours later. Our findings could serve as references for real-world therapeutic applications regarding how positive and neutral updating may reshape aversive memories, especially when taking wake- and sleep-filled reconsolidation into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology at Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Boxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology at Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Manqi Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology at Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Science, NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Cecilia Forcato
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Memoria, Depto. De Ciencias de la Vida, Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Av. Madero 399, (1106) Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology at Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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22
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Wunderlin M, Züst MA, Hertenstein E, Fehér KD, Schneider CL, Klöppel S, Nissen C. Modulating overnight memory consolidation by acoustic stimulation during slow-wave sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep 2021; 44:6066545. [PMID: 33406249 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The low-frequency high-amplitude oscillations of slow-wave sleep (SWS) are considered to promote the consolidation of episodic memory. Previous research suggests that sleep slow waves can be entrained and enhanced by presenting short acoustic stimuli to the up-states of endogenous waves. Several studies have investigated the effects of these increases in slow-wave activity on overnight memory consolidation, with inconsistent results. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the accumulated evidence connecting acoustic stimulation during sleep to episodic memory consolidation. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in October 2020 using PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo. The main study inclusion criteria were the application of acoustic slow wave enhancement in healthy participants and an assessment of pre- and post-sleep episodic memory performance. Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 10 primary studies with 11 experiments and 177 participants were included. Results showed a combined effect size (Hedges' g) of 0.25 (p = 0.07). Subgroup models based on young adults (n = 8), phase-locked stimulation approaches (n = 8), and their combination (n = 6) showed combined effect sizes of 0.31 (p = 0.051), 0.36 (p = 0.047), and 0.44 (p = 0.01), respectively. There was no indication of publication bias or bias in individual studies. CONCLUSIONS Acoustic enhancement of SWS tends to increase the overnight consolidation of episodic memory but effects remain small and-with the exception of subgroup models-at trend levels. Currently, the evidence is not sufficient to recommend the use of commercially available devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Wunderlin
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc A Züst
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Hertenstein
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristoffer D Fehér
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta L Schneider
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Nissen
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Tandoc MC, Bayda M, Poskanzer C, Cho E, Cox R, Stickgold R, Schapiro AC. Examining the effects of time of day and sleep on generalization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255423. [PMID: 34339459 PMCID: PMC8328323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracting shared structure across our experiences allows us to generalize our knowledge to novel contexts. How do different brain states influence this ability to generalize? Using a novel category learning paradigm, we assess the effect of both sleep and time of day on generalization that depends on the flexible integration of recent information. Counter to our expectations, we found no evidence that this form of generalization is better after a night of sleep relative to a day awake. Instead, we observed an effect of time of day, with better generalization in the morning than the evening. This effect also manifested as increased false memory for generalized information. In a nap experiment, we found that generalization did not benefit from having slept recently, suggesting a role for time of day apart from sleep. In follow-up experiments, we were unable to replicate the time of day effect for reasons that may relate to changes in category structure and task engagement. Despite this lack of consistency, we found a morning benefit for generalization when analyzing all the data from experiments with matched protocols (n = 136). We suggest that a state of lowered inhibition in the morning may facilitate spreading activation between otherwise separate memories, promoting this form of generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlie C. Tandoc
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mollie Bayda
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Craig Poskanzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eileen Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roy Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna C. Schapiro
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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24
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Abstract
We rely on our long-term memories to guide future behaviors, making it adaptive to prioritize the retention of goal-relevant, salient information in memory. In this review, we discuss findings from rodent and human research to demonstrate that active processes during post-encoding consolidation support the selective stabilization of recent experience into adaptive, long-term memories. Building upon literatures focused on dynamics at the cellular level, we highlight that consolidation also transforms memories at the systems level to support future goal-relevant behavior, resulting in more generalized memory traces in the brain and behavior. We synthesize previous literatures spanning animal research, human cognitive neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to propose an integrative framework for adaptive consolidation by which goal-relevant memoranda are "tagged" for subsequent consolidation, resulting in selective transformations to the structure of memories that support flexible, goal-relevant behaviors.
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Beijamini F, Valentin A, Jäger R, Born J, Diekelmann S. Sleep Facilitates Problem Solving With No Additional Gain Through Targeted Memory Reactivation. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:645110. [PMID: 33746720 PMCID: PMC7965947 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.645110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the active systems consolidation theory, memories undergo reactivation during sleep that can give rise to qualitative changes of the representations. These changes may generate new knowledge such as gaining insight into solutions for problem solving. targeted memory reactivation (TMR) uses learning-associated cues, such as sounds or odors, which have been shown to improve memory consolidation when re-applied during sleep. Here we tested whether TMR during slow wave sleep (SWS) and/or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep increases problem solving. Young healthy volunteers participated in one of two experiments. Experiment 1 tested the effect of natural sleep on problem solving. Subjects were trained in a video game-based problem solving task until being presented with a non-solved challenge. Followed by a ~10-h incubation interval filled with nocturnal sleep or daytime wakefulness, subjects were tested on the problem solving challenge again. Experiment 2 tested the effect of TMR on problem solving, with subjects receiving auditory TMR either during SWS (SWSstim), REM sleep (REMstim), or wakefulness (Wakestim). In Experiment 1, sleep improved problem solving, with 62% of subjects from the Sleep group solving the problem compared to 24% of the Wake group. Subjects with higher amounts of SWS in the Sleep group had a higher chance to solve the problem. In Experiment 2, TMR did not change the sleep effect on problem solving: 56 and 58% of subjects from the SWSstim and REMstim groups solved the problem compared to 57% from the Wakestim group. These findings indicate that sleep, and particularly SWS, facilitates problem solving, whereas this effect is not further increased by TMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Beijamini
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Realeza, Brazil.,Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anthony Valentin
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Jäger
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Diekelmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Cordonnier A, Luminet O. Consistency and social identification: a test-retest study of flashbulb memories collected on the day of the 2016 Brussels bombings. Memory 2021; 29:305-318. [PMID: 33620002 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1891253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Flashbulb memories are consistent and vivid representations of the way people learnt of an important, surprising and consequential event. We had two main aims for this study. Our first aim was to evaluate the consistency of flashbulb memories as accurately as possible (by collecting data on the day and using an interview method at retest) and contrast these findings with other operationalisations such as vividness or confidence but also with event memory. Our second aim was to capitalise on the particular case-study that is Belgium to examine social identification. Within a few hours after the terrorist attacks in Brussels in March 2016, a small sample of students completed a questionnaire on the way they learnt about the event and their knowledge of it. Retest data was obtained fifteen months later, through an in-depth interview. Our results show a relatively high consistency over time as well as high vividness and confidence for their memory of the reception context. We also measured participants' identification at three levels: local (Brussels) - national (Belgium) - supranational (Europe). In the particular context of the Brussels bombings, social identification with Brussels and Europe correlated with measures of flashbulb memory while social identification with Belgium did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cordonnier
- Psychological Scicence Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Psychological Scicence Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
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The effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on sleep disturbances among different neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 55:101381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Durrant SJ, Johnson JM. Sleep’s Role in Schema Learning and Creative Insights. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-021-00202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
A recent resurgence of interest in schema theory has influenced research on sleep-dependent memory consolidation and led to a new understanding of how schemata might be activated during sleep and play a role in the reorganisation of memories. This review is aimed at synthesising recent findings into a coherent narrative and draw overall conclusions.
Recent Findings
Rapid consolidation of schematic memories has been shown to benefit from an interval containing sleep. These memories have shown reduced reliance on the hippocampus following consolidation in both humans and rodents. Using a variety of methodologies, notably including the DRM paradigm, it has been shown that activation of a schema can increase the rate of false memory as a result of activation of semantic associates during slow wave sleep (SWS). Memories making use of a schema have shown increased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, which may reflect both the schematic activation itself and a cognitive control component selecting an appropriate schema to use. SWS seems to be involved in assimilation of new memories within existing semantic frameworks and in making memories more explicit, while REM sleep may be more associated with creating entirely novel associations while keeping memories implicit.
Summary
Sleep plays an important role in schematic memory consolidation, with more rapid consolidation, reduced hippocampal involvement, and increased prefrontal involvement as the key characteristics. Both SWS and REM sleep may have a role to play.
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Labad J, Salvat-Pujol N, Armario A, Cabezas Á, de Arriba-Arnau A, Nadal R, Martorell L, Urretavizcaya M, Monreal JA, Crespo JM, Vilella E, Palao DJ, Menchón JM, Soria V. The Role of Sleep Quality, Trait Anxiety and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Measures in Cognitive Abilities of Healthy Individuals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207600. [PMID: 33086584 PMCID: PMC7589840 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sleep plays a crucial role in cognitive processes. Sleep and wake memory consolidation seem to be regulated by glucocorticoids, pointing out the potential role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive abilities. Trait anxiety is another factor that is likely to moderate the relationship between sleep and cognition, because poorer sleep quality and subtle HPA axis abnormalities have been reported in people with high trait anxiety. The current study aimed to explore whether HPA axis activity or trait anxiety moderate the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive abilities in healthy individuals. We studied 203 healthy individuals. We measured verbal and visual memory, working memory, processing speed, attention and executive function. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Trait anxiety was assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. HPA axis measures included the cortisol awakening response (CAR), diurnal cortisol slope and cortisol levels during the day. Multiple linear regression analyses explored the relationship between sleep quality and cognition and tested potential moderating effects by HPA axis measures and trait anxiety. Poor sleep quality was associated with poorer performance in memory, processing speed and executive function tasks. In people with poorer sleep quality, a blunted CAR was associated with poorer verbal and visual memory and executive functions, and higher cortisol levels during the day were associated with poorer processing speed. Trait anxiety was a moderator of visual memory and executive functioning. These results suggest that subtle abnormalities in the HPA axis and higher trait anxiety contribute to the relationship between lower sleep quality and poorer cognitive functioning in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Labad
- Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, 08340 Mataró, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain; (J.A.M.); (D.J.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.); (M.U.); (J.M.C.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Neus Salvat-Pujol
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Neurosciences Group—Psychiatry and Mental Health, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Antonio Armario
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.); (M.U.); (J.M.C.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ángel Cabezas
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43206 Reus, Spain;
| | - Aida de Arriba-Arnau
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Neurosciences Group—Psychiatry and Mental Health, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Roser Nadal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.); (M.U.); (J.M.C.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lourdes Martorell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.); (M.U.); (J.M.C.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43206 Reus, Spain;
| | - Mikel Urretavizcaya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.); (M.U.); (J.M.C.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Neurosciences Group—Psychiatry and Mental Health, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - José Antonio Monreal
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain; (J.A.M.); (D.J.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.); (M.U.); (J.M.C.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Crespo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.); (M.U.); (J.M.C.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Neurosciences Group—Psychiatry and Mental Health, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.); (M.U.); (J.M.C.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43206 Reus, Spain;
| | - Diego José Palao
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), 08208 Sabadell, Spain; (J.A.M.); (D.J.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.); (M.U.); (J.M.C.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Menchón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.); (M.U.); (J.M.C.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Neurosciences Group—Psychiatry and Mental Health, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Virginia Soria
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (R.N.); (L.M.); (M.U.); (J.M.C.); (E.V.); (J.M.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Neurosciences Group—Psychiatry and Mental Health, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Correspondence:
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30
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Hayes B, Bainton J. The impact of reduced sleep on school related outcomes for typically developing children aged 11–19: A systematic review. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034320961130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This systematic literature review examines the relationship between restricted and reduced sleep and school performance, learning and cognitive functioning in typically developing adolescents. Correlational and experimental data were evaluated from 17 studies which included participants ranging from 11 to 19 years in studies from seven countries around the world. The review found that there is evidence that restricted and reduced sleep is negatively associated with school performance and cognitive outcomes, although the findings were mixed. Implications for psychologists working with schools are discussed. More research and evaluation is needed to establish how these factors relate to each other conclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hayes
- University College London, UK; Kent Educational Psychology Service, UK
- Bath and North East Somerset Council, UK
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31
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Liu X, Peng X, Peng P, Li L, Lei X, Yu J. The age differences of sleep disruption on mood states and memory performance. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1444-1451. [PMID: 30983375 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1603286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: In the present study, we explored the age differences of mood states and memory performance between younger and older adults after one night of sleep disruption.Method: Twenty-nine younger adults and 30 older adults completed mood states assessments and memory tasks before and after sleep disruption. Participants' sleep was disrupted by periodical phone calls once per hour. Sleep parameters of baseline sleep and disrupted sleep were recorded by actigraphy.Results: Regarding the mood states, older adults were less affected than younger adults, more tolerant of sleep disruption. With respect to memory, younger adults showed increased memory performance after nocturnal sleep, even if this sleep was disrupted. In contrast, older adults' sleep-related memory consolidation was impaired.Conclusion: Periodic sleep disruption for one night resulted in impaired function of older adults' sleep-related memory consolidation and younger adults' mood states. These findings shed light on the understanding of sleep function on memory and emotion. Specifically, sleep disruption might be one of the reasons for older adults' memory decline and it might also be one of the causes for younger adults' emotion disorders. Further investigations on the relationship between sleep disruption, cognitive performance and emotional well-being are needed to find potential ways to prevent and treat the sleep-related neuropsychological impairments in both younger and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuerui Peng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Lili Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cicolin A, Boffano M, Beccuti G, Piana R, Giordano A. End-of-Life in Oncologic Patients' Dream Content. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10080505. [PMID: 32752165 PMCID: PMC7464967 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both non-rapid eye movements and rapid eye movements sleep facilitate the strengthening of newly encoded memory traces, and dream content reflects this process. Numerous studies evaluated the impact of diseases on dream content, with particular reference to cancer, and reported the presence of issues related to death, negative emotions, pain and illness. This study investigates death and illness experiences in 13 consecutive patients with sarcoma compared to paired controls, early after diagnosis, evaluating dream contents, fear of death, mood and anxiety, distress, and severity of disease perception (perceived and communicated). Ten patients and 10 controls completed the study. Dream contents were significantly different between patients and normative data (DreamSat) and patients and controls (higher presence of negative emotions, low familiar settings and characters and no success involving the dreamer). Illness and death were present in 57% of patients’ dreams (0% among controls), but no differences emerged between patients and controls in regard to anxiety and depression, distress and fear of death, even if the severity of illness was correctly perceived. The appearance of emotional elements in dreams and the absence of conscious verbalization of distress and/or depressive or anxious symptoms by patients could be ascribed to the time required for mnestic elaboration (construction/elaboration phase) during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cicolin
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Boffano
- Orthopaedic Oncologic Surgery, Department Oncological and Reconstructive Orthopedics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Guglielmo Beccuti
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Raimondo Piana
- Orthopaedic Oncologic Surgery, Department Oncological and Reconstructive Orthopedics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Alessandra Giordano
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
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Incorporation of fragmented visuo-olfactory episodic memory into dreams and its association with memory performance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15687. [PMID: 31666536 PMCID: PMC6821835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The question of a possible link between dream content and memory consolidation remains open. After a comprehensive review of the literature, we present novel findings from an experiment testing whether the incorporation of recently learned stimuli into dream reports is associated with improved post-sleep memory performance. Thirty-two high dream recallers freely explored new visuo-olfactory episodes for 3 consecutive days. During the nights following each non-explicit encoding, participants wore a wrist actimeter, and woke up at 5am and their usual waking time to record their dreams (intensity of all oneiric sensory perception was assessed using scales). A total of 120 dreams were reported and elements related to the encoding phase were identified in 37 of them, either learning-related (mainly visual- and rarely olfactory-related elements), or experiment-related (lab- or experimenters-related elements). On the 4th day, we found that participants with learning-related (n = 16) and participants with learning-related and/or experiment-related dreams (n = 21) had similar odor recognition and odor-evoked episodic memory with the other participants. However, they had significantly better visuo-spatial memory of the episodes in comparison to the other participants. Our results support the hypothesis that the learning phase is loosely incorporated into dreams and that this incorporation is associated with sleep related memory consolidation.
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Sleep Deprivation Disrupts Acquisition of Contextual Fear Extinction by Affecting Circadian Oscillation of Hippocampal-Infralimbic proBDNF. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0165-19.2019. [PMID: 31585927 PMCID: PMC6800296 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0165-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence showed that mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) levels displayed a circadian pattern. Circadian disruption, for example, sleep deprivation (SD), induced functional and behavioral deficits. However, compared with that of mature form, the biological role of the pro-peptide, proBDNF, was poorly understood. Here, we found that proBDNF was expressed under circadian rhythm in the ventral hippocampus (vHPC). SD rats exhibited deficits in acquisition of conditioned extinction and damped rhythmicity in vHPC proBDNF activity that were accompanied by SD between zeitgeber time (ZT)0 and ZT4, but not the late stage of sleep period. Furthermore, SD affected fear extinction through vHPC-IL proBDNF signaling, which was associated with NR2B subunits of NMDA receptors. More importantly, infusion of proBDNF could mitigate SD-induced abnormal neural activity, by suppressing the enhanced basal firing rate of IL-RS and elevating the depressed neural response that evoked by acquisition of conditioned extinction. Therefore, this finding provided the first evidence that circadian oscillation of vHPC proBDNF activity contributed to the effects of SD on acquisition of conditioned fear extinction, and suggested a new therapeutic target to reverse the cognitive deficits in sleep-related mental disorder, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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Brodt S, Pöhlchen D, Täumer E, Gais S, Schönauer M. Incubation, not sleep, aids problem-solving. Sleep 2019; 41:5065174. [PMID: 30113673 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Solving a novel problem and finding innovative solutions requires a flexible and creative recombination of prior knowledge. It is thought that setting a problem aside before giving it another try aids problem-solving. The underlying mechanisms of such an incubation period could include unconscious processing that fosters spreading activation along associated networks and the restructuring of problem representations. Recently, it has been suggested that sleep may also support problem-solving by supporting the transformation and restructuring of memory elements. Since the effect of sleep on problem-solving has been mainly tested using the Remote Associates Test, we chose three different tasks-classical riddles, visual change detection, and anagrams-to examine various aspects of problem-solving and to pinpoint task-specific prerequisites for effects of sleep or incubation to emerge. Sixty-two participants were given two attempts to solve the problems. Both attempts either occurred consecutively or were spaced apart by a 3-hour incubation interval that was spent awake or asleep. We found that a period of incubation positively affected solutions rates in classical riddles, but not in visual change detection or anagram solving. Contrary to our hypothesis, spending the incubation period asleep, did not yield any additional benefit. Our study thus supports the notion that a period of letting a problem rest is beneficial for its solution and confines the role of sleep to memory transformations that do not directly impact on problem-solving ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Brodt
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Pöhlchen
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Täumer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Gais
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Schönauer
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Davidson P, Pace-Schott E. The role of sleep in fear learning and memory. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 34:32-36. [PMID: 31568938 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the last 10 years, a large body of studies have used fear conditioning paradigms to study the role of sleep in the consolidation of fear and safety learning. This line of research could allow us to answer if it is adaptive or not to sleep in the aftermath of a negative experience, and if sleep has a role in consolidating extinction learning. This field has so far produced several contrasting findings. Thus, this review will not deliver many clear conclusions, but will instead be an attempt to summarize what we know at the moment, to describe the potential clinical applications of this research, and to discuss where to go from here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Davidson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Psychology, Lund University, Box 213, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Edward Pace-Schott
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Rehel S, Legrand N, Lecouvey G, Laniepce A, Bertran F, Fleury P, Madeleine S, Eustache F, Desgranges B, Rauchs G. Effects of Sleep and Age on Prospective Memory Consolidation: A Walk in a Virtual Museum. Clocks Sleep 2019; 1:332-351. [PMID: 33089173 PMCID: PMC7445809 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep1030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) refers to our ability to perform actions at the appropriate moment, either when a predetermined event occurs (event-based, EB) or after a predetermined amount of time (time-based, TB). Sleep favors the consolidation of both EB and TB intentions, but whether this benefit is preserved during ageing is still subject to debate. PM was assessed in 28 young and 27 older healthy volunteers using a virtual environment. Participants had to learn and execute intentions after intervals filled with either daytime wakefulness or nighttime sleep. Intentions consisted of four TB, four EB with a strong link between the cue triggering retrieval and the action to be performed (EB-link) and four with no link (EB-nolink). PM was not affected by age, whatever the type of intention and the nature of the retention interval. While sleep reinforced all types of intentions in young participants, this benefit was only observed for TB and EB-link intentions in older adults. Sleep also reinforced the intrinsic PM components in both groups. Thus, when assessed using complex realistic situations, PM is not impaired in ageing. Results are discussed in the light of memory schema theory and the possible impact of cognitive reserve on sleep and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Rehel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Legrand
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Grégory Lecouvey
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Alice Laniepce
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Françoise Bertran
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- Unité d’exploration et de traitement des troubles du sommeil, CHU, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Philippe Fleury
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Réalité Virtuelle, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sophie Madeleine
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Réalité Virtuelle, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Béatrice Desgranges
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Géraldine Rauchs
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-31-47-01-34
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Barner C, Altgassen M, Born J, Diekelmann S. Effects of sleep on the realization of complex plans. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12655. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Barner
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Mareike Altgassen
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN) University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Susanne Diekelmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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Kuula L, Tamminen J, Makkonen T, Merikanto I, Räikkönen K, Pesonen AK. Higher sleep spindle activity is associated with fewer false memories in adolescent girls. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 157:96-105. [PMID: 30553019 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep facilitates the extraction of semantic regularities amongst newly encoded memories, which may also lead to increased false memories. We investigated sleep stage proportions and sleep spindles in the recollection of adolescents' false memories, and their potential sex-specific differences. METHODS 196 adolescents (mean age 16.9 y; SD = 0.1, 61% girls) underwent the Deese, Roediger & McDermott (DRM) false memory procedure and overnight polysomnography, with free recall the following morning. Sleep was scored manually into stages 1, 2, 3 and REM. Stage 2 sleep spindle frequency, density, and peak amplitude were used as measures of spindle activity for slow (10-13 Hz) and fast (13-16 Hz) ranges. RESULTS In girls, a lower number of critical lures was associated with higher spindle frequency (p ≤ 0.01), density (p ≤ 0.01), and amplitude (p = 0.03). Additionally, girls' longer sleep duration was associated with more intrusion words (p = 0.03), but not with critical lures. These associations survived adjustment for age, pubertal status, and intelligence. No significant results emerged in boys. CONCLUSIONS In adolescent girls, higher spindle activity was associated with fewer critical lures being falsely recalled in the DRM paradigm. Unlike studies using adult participants, we did not observe any association between slow-wave sleep and false memory recollection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Kuula
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jakke Tamminen
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Tommi Makkonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Sleep and mindfulness meditation as they relate to false memory. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 84:1084-1111. [PMID: 30244286 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-018-1098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
By a systematic analysis of the current literature, we compare two states of sleep and meditation in terms of their role in the formation or suppression of Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory. We aim to suggest that the occurrence of false memory under these two states is a result of reinforcing some abilities and changes in cognitive systems which can ultimately improve some aspects of cognitive functions. In our analogy, we propose that: (1) both sleep and meditation may improve source monitoring ability whose failure is one of the most important mechanisms in producing false memories, and (2) despite improvement in source monitoring ability, adaptive cognitive processes, as mechanisms which are common in sleep and meditation, can still produce false memories. In conclusion, we propose that in spite of their contribution to false memory through adaptive processes, the beneficial role of sleep and meditation in cognition may be more prominent than their harmful role.
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Hein M, Lanquart JP, Loas G, Hubain P, Linkowski P. The sleep network organization during slow-wave sleep is more stable with age and has small-world characteristics more marked than during REM sleep in healthy men. Neurosci Res 2018; 145:30-38. [PMID: 30120961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sleep plays an important role in cognitive functioning. However, few studies have investigated the sleep network organization. The aim of our study was to empirically investigate the presence and the stability with age of a small-world network organization during REM and slow-wave sleep using the effective connectivity measured by the Granger causality. Polysomnographic data from 30 healthy men recruited prospectively were analysed. To obtain the 19 × 19 connectivity matrix of all possible pairwise combinations of electrodes by the Granger causality method from our EEG data, we used the Toolbox MVGC multivariate Granger causality. The computation of the network measures was realised by importing these connectivity matrices into the EEGNET Toolbox. Even if all small-world coefficients obtained are compatible with a small-world network organization during REM and slow-wave sleep, slow-wave sleep seems to have a small-world network organization more marked than REM sleep. Moreover, the sleep network organization is affected greater by age during REM sleep than during slow-wave sleep. In healthy individuals, the highlighting of a sleep network organization during slow-wave sleep more stable with age and with small-world characteristics more marked than during REM sleep may help to better understand the global and local processing of information during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Hein
- Erasme Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Pol Lanquart
- Erasme Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwénolé Loas
- Erasme Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Hubain
- Erasme Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Linkowski
- Erasme Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
It has been suggested that reactivation of previously acquired experiences or stored information in declarative memories in the hippocampus and neocortex contributes to memory consolidation and learning. Understanding memory consolidation depends crucially on the development of robust statistical methods for assessing memory reactivation. To date, several statistical methods have seen established for assessing memory reactivation based on bursts of ensemble neural spike activity during offline states. Using population-decoding methods, we propose a new statistical metric, the weighted distance correlation, to assess hippocampal memory reactivation (i.e., spatial memory replay) during quiet wakefulness and slow-wave sleep. The new metric can be combined with an unsupervised population decoding analysis, which is invariant to latent state labeling and allows us to detect statistical dependency beyond linearity in memory traces. We validate the new metric using two rat hippocampal recordings in spatial navigation tasks. Our proposed analysis framework may have a broader impact on assessing memory reactivations in other brain regions under different behavioral tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Liu
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A., and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Andres D Grosmark
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10019, U.S.A.
| | - Zhe Chen
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.
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Sterr A, Kuhn M, Nissen C, Ettine D, Funk S, Feige B, Umarova R, Urbach H, Weiller C, Riemann D. Post-stroke insomnia in community-dwelling patients with chronic motor stroke: Physiological evidence and implications for stroke care. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8409. [PMID: 29849087 PMCID: PMC5976765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Questionnaire studies suggest that stroke patients experience sustained problems with sleep and daytime sleepiness, but physiological sleep studies focussing specifically on the chronic phase of stroke are lacking. Here we report for the first time physiological data of sleep and daytime sleepiness obtained through the two gold-standard methods, nocturnal polysomnography and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test. Data from community-dwelling patients with chronic right-hemispheric stroke (>12 months) were compared to sex- and age-matched controls. Behavioural and physiological measures suggested that stroke patients had poorer sleep with longer sleep latencies and lower sleep efficiency. Patients further spent more time awake during the night, and showed greater high-frequency power during nonREM sleep than controls. At the same time the Multiple Sleep Latency Test revealed greater wake efficiency in patients than controls. Importantly these findings were not due to group differences in sleep disordered breathing or periodic limb movements. Post-stroke insomnia is presently not adequately addressed within the care pathway for stroke. A holistic approach to rehabilitation and care provision, that includes targeted sleep interventions, is likely to enhance long-term outcome and quality of live in those living with chronic deficits after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sterr
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - M Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Nissen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bern, Switzerland
- Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center, Neuroscience Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Ettine
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - B Feige
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Umarova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Urbach
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Weiller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D Riemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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44
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Blake MJ, Trinder JA, Allen NB. Mechanisms underlying the association between insomnia, anxiety, and depression in adolescence: Implications for behavioral sleep interventions. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 63:25-40. [PMID: 29879564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is robust evidence of an association between insomnia, anxiety, and depression in adolescence. The aim of this review is to describe and synthesize potential mechanisms underlying this association and explore implications for the design of adolescent behavioral sleep interventions. Specifically, we examine whether insomnia symptoms are a mechanism for the development of internalizing symptoms in adolescence and whether sleep interventions are an effective treatment for both insomnia and internalizing symptoms in adolescence because they target the shared mechanisms underlying these disorders. Research using different methodologies points to the role of sequential, parallel, and interacting mechanisms. In this paper, we review a wide range of relevant biological (i.e., polymorphisms and dysregulation in serotonin, dopamine, and circadian clock genes; alterations in corticolimbic and mesolimbic brain circuits; cortisol reactivity to stress; inflammatory cytokine dysregulation; biased memory consolidation; changes in sleep architecture), psychological (i.e., cognitive inflexibility, interpretational biases, judgment biases, negative attribution styles, worry, rumination, biased attention to threat, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, misperception of sleep deficit), and social mechanisms (i.e., reduced and impaired social interactions, unhelpful parenting behaviors, family stress) and propose an integrative multilevel model of how these phenomena may interact to increase vulnerability to both insomnia and internalizing disorders. Several 'biopsychosocial' mechanisms hold promise as viable treatment targets for adolescent behavioral sleep interventions, which may reduce both insomnia and internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Blake
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
| | - John A Trinder
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
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45
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Davidson P, Carlsson I, Jönsson P, Johansson M. A more generalized fear response after a daytime nap. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 151:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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46
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Kredlow MA, Eichenbaum H, Otto MW. Memory creation and modification: Enhancing the treatment of psychological disorders. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2018; 73:269-285. [PMID: 29494172 PMCID: PMC5897133 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Modification of the ongoing influence of maladaptive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns is a fundamental feature of many psychological treatments. Accordingly, a clear understanding of the nature of memory adaptation and accommodation to therapeutic learning becomes an important issue for (1) understanding the impact of clinical interventions, and (2) considering innovations in treatment strategies. In this article, we consider advances in the conceptualization of memory processes and memory modification research relative to clinical treatment. We review basic research on the formation of memories, the way in which new learning is integrated within memory structures, and strategies to influence the nature and degree to which new learning is integrated. We then discuss cognitive/behavioral and pharmacological strategies for influencing memory formation in relation to disorder prevention or treatment. Our goal is to foster awareness of current strategies for enhancing therapeutic learning and to encourage research on potential new avenues for memory enhancement in service of the treatment of mental health disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University
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47
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Yordanova J, Kolev V, Bruns E, Kirov R, Verleger R. Sleep Spindles in the Right Hemisphere Support Awareness of Regularities and Reflect Pre-Sleep Activations. Sleep 2018; 40:4104557. [PMID: 28958008 PMCID: PMC5806558 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives The present study explored the sleep mechanisms which may support awareness of hidden regularities. Methods Before sleep, 53 participants learned implicitly a lateralized variant of the serial response-time task in order to localize sensorimotor encoding either in the left or right hemisphere and induce implicit regularity representations. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded at multiple electrodes during both task performance and sleep, searching for lateralized traces of the preceding activity during learning. Sleep EEG analysis focused on region-specific slow (9-12 Hz) and fast (13-16 Hz) sleep spindles during nonrapid eye movement sleep. Results Fast spindle activity at those motor regions that were activated during learning increased with the amount of postsleep awareness. Independently of side of learning, spindle activity at right frontal and fronto-central regions was involved: there, fast spindles increased with the transformation of sequence knowledge from implicit before sleep to explicit after sleep, and slow spindles correlated with individual abilities of gaining awareness. These local modulations of sleep spindles corresponded to regions with greater presleep activation in participants with postsleep explicit knowledge. Conclusions Sleep spindle mechanisms are related to explicit awareness (1) by tracing the activation of motor cortical and right-hemisphere regions which had stronger involvement already during learning and (2) by recruitment of individually consolidated processing modules in the right hemisphere. The integration of different sleep spindle mechanisms with functional states during wake collectively supports the gain of awareness of previously experienced regularities, with a special role for the right hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Yordanova
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Kolev
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Eike Bruns
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Roumen Kirov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rolf Verleger
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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48
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Furlan L, Sterr A. The Applicability of Standard Error of Measurement and Minimal Detectable Change to Motor Learning Research-A Behavioral Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:95. [PMID: 29623034 PMCID: PMC5875129 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor learning studies face the challenge of differentiating between real changes in performance and random measurement error. While the traditional p-value-based analyses of difference (e.g., t-tests, ANOVAs) provide information on the statistical significance of a reported change in performance scores, they do not inform as to the likely cause or origin of that change, that is, the contribution of both real modifications in performance and random measurement error to the reported change. One way of differentiating between real change and random measurement error is through the utilization of the statistics of standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC). SEM is estimated from the standard deviation of a sample of scores at baseline and a test–retest reliability index of the measurement instrument or test employed. MDC, in turn, is estimated from SEM and a degree of confidence, usually 95%. The MDC value might be regarded as the minimum amount of change that needs to be observed for it to be considered a real change, or a change to which the contribution of real modifications in performance is likely to be greater than that of random measurement error. A computer-based motor task was designed to illustrate the applicability of SEM and MDC to motor learning research. Two studies were conducted with healthy participants. Study 1 assessed the test–retest reliability of the task and Study 2 consisted in a typical motor learning study, where participants practiced the task for five consecutive days. In Study 2, the data were analyzed with a traditional p-value-based analysis of difference (ANOVA) and also with SEM and MDC. The findings showed good test–retest reliability for the task and that the p-value-based analysis alone identified statistically significant improvements in performance over time even when the observed changes could in fact have been smaller than the MDC and thereby caused mostly by random measurement error, as opposed to by learning. We suggest therefore that motor learning studies could complement their p-value-based analyses of difference with statistics such as SEM and MDC in order to inform as to the likely cause or origin of any reported changes in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Furlan
- Brain and Behaviour Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Sterr
- Brain and Behaviour Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Neurology Clinical Division, Clinics Hospital, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
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49
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Schönauer M, Brodt S, Pöhlchen D, Breßmer A, Danek AH, Gais S. Sleep Does Not Promote Solving Classical Insight Problems and Magic Tricks. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:72. [PMID: 29535620 PMCID: PMC5834438 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During creative problem solving, initial solution attempts often fail because of self-imposed constraints that prevent us from thinking out of the box. In order to solve a problem successfully, the problem representation has to be restructured by combining elements of available knowledge in novel and creative ways. It has been suggested that sleep supports the reorganization of memory representations, ultimately aiding problem solving. In this study, we systematically tested the effect of sleep and time on problem solving, using classical insight tasks and magic tricks. Solving these tasks explicitly requires a restructuring of the problem representation and may be accompanied by a subjective feeling of insight. In two sessions, 77 participants had to solve classical insight problems and magic tricks. The two sessions either occurred consecutively or were spaced 3 h apart, with the time in between spent either sleeping or awake. We found that sleep affected neither general solution rates nor the number of solutions accompanied by sudden subjective insight. Our study thus adds to accumulating evidence that sleep does not provide an environment that facilitates the qualitative restructuring of memory representations and enables problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schönauer
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Svenja Brodt
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Pöhlchen
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Breßmer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Amory H. Danek
- Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Gais
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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50
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Payne JD, Kensinger EA. Stress, sleep, and the selective consolidation of emotional memories. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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