1
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Zhou G, Wang X, Guo M, Qu C, Gao L, Yu J, Li Y, Luo S, Shi Q, Guo Y. Mitophagy deficiency activates stimulator of interferon genes activation and aggravates pathogenetic cardiac remodeling. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
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2
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Song L, Qiu Q, Ju F, Zheng C. Mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis; therapeutic targets and approaches. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024:110140. [PMID: 39243924 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin plays a pivotal role in the treatment of various malignancies. Despite its efficacy, the cardiotoxicity associated with doxorubicin limits its clinical utility. The cardiotoxic nature of doxorubicin is attributed to several mechanisms, including its interference with mitochondrial function, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the subsequent damage to cardiomyocyte DNA, proteins, and lipids. Furthermore, doxorubicin disrupts the homeostasis of cardiac-specific transcription factors and signaling pathways, exacerbating cardiac dysfunction. Oxidative stress, cell death, and other severe changes, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of pro-oxidant enzymes, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and infiltration of immune cells in the heart after treatment with doxorubicin, may cause inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Fibrosis and inflammation can lead to a range of disorders in the heart, resulting in potential cardiac dysfunction and disease. Various adjuvants have shown potential in preclinical studies to mitigate these challenges associated with cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Antioxidants, plant-based products, specific inhibitors, and cardioprotective drugs may be recommended to alleviate cardiotoxicity. This review explores the complex mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced heart inflammation and fibrosis, identifies possible cellular and molecular targets, and investigates potential substances that could help reduce these harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong Province, 264001, China
| | - Qingzhuo Qiu
- Medical Imaging Department of Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, 266000, China
| | - Fei Ju
- Department of Critical Care, Medicine East Hospital of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 266000, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- Cadre Health Office of Zibo Central Hospital in Shandong Province, 255000, China.
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3
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McClendon LK, Lanz RB, Panigrahi A, Gomez K, Bolt MJ, Liu M, Stossi F, Mancini MA, Dacso CC, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW. Transcriptional coactivation of NRF2 signaling in cardiac fibroblasts promotes resistance to oxidative stress. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 194:70-84. [PMID: 38969334 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
We recently discovered that steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) SRCs-1, 2 and 3, are abundantly expressed in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and their activation with the SRC small molecule stimulator MCB-613 improves cardiac function and dramatically lowers pro-fibrotic signaling in CFs post-myocardial infarction. These findings suggest that CF-derived SRC activation could be beneficial in the mitigation of chronic heart failure after ischemic insult. However, the cardioprotective mechanisms by which CFs contribute to cardiac pathological remodeling are unclear. Here we present studies designed to identify the molecular and cellular circuitry that governs the anti-fibrotic effects of an MCB-613 derivative, MCB-613-10-1, in CFs. We performed cytokine profiling and whole transcriptome and proteome analyses of CF-derived signals in response to MCB-613-10-1. We identified the NRF2 pathway as a direct MCB-613-10-1 therapeutic target for promoting resistance to oxidative stress in CFs. We show that MCB-613-10-1 promotes cell survival of anti-fibrotic CFs exposed to oxidative stress by suppressing apoptosis. We demonstrate that an increase in HMOX1 expression contributes to CF resistance to oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis via a mechanism involving SRC co-activation of NRF2, hence reducing inflammation and fibrosis. We provide evidence that MCB-613-10-1 acts as a protectant against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage. Our data reveal that SRC stimulation of the NRF2 transcriptional network promotes resistance to oxidative stress and highlights a mechanistic approach toward addressing pathologic cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K McClendon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Rainer B Lanz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Anil Panigrahi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Kristan Gomez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Michael J Bolt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Michael A Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Clifford C Dacso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
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Ueda J, Kurata H, Ota M, Yabata I, Itagaki K, Sawaya R, Murata C, Banura N, Nishida H, Saito S. Conditions for late gadolinium enhancement MRI in myocardial infarction model rats that better reflect microscopic tissue staining. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18308. [PMID: 39112681 PMCID: PMC11306602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is a widely used magnetic resonance imaging method for assessing cardiac disease. However, the relationship between different LGE signal thresholds and microscopic tissue staining images is unclear. In this study, we performed cardiovascular MRI on myocardial infarction (MI) model rats and evaluated the relationship between LGE with different signal thresholding methods and tissue staining images. We prepared 16 rats that underwent MRI 14-18 days following a surgery to create an MI model. We captured cine and LGE images of the cardiac short-axis and longitudinal two- and four-chamber views. The mean ± 2SD, ± 3SD, and ± 5SD of the pixel values in the non-infarcted area were defined as the LGE area. We compared areas of Sirius red staining, determined by the color tone, with their respective LGE areas at end-diastole and end-systole. We observed that the LGE area calculated as the mean ± 2SD of the non-infarcted area at end-diastole demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the area of Sirius red staining (Pearson's correlation coefficient in both: 0.81 [p < 0.01]). Therefore, the LGE area calculated as the mean ± 2SD of the non-infarcted area at end-diastole best reflected the MI area in tissue staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Ueda
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 560-0871, Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, 559-8611, Japan
| | - Hayato Kurata
- ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0216, Japan
| | - Miwa Ota
- ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0216, Japan
| | - Isamu Yabata
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 560-0871, Japan
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Koji Itagaki
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 560-0871, Japan
- Division of Clinical Radiology Service, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Reika Sawaya
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 560-0871, Japan
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Chiharu Murata
- ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0216, Japan
| | - Natsuo Banura
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 560-0871, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medical Technologies, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research Center, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | | | - Shigeyoshi Saito
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 560-0871, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Medical Technologies, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research Center, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.
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Rodrigues KE, Pontes MHB, Cantão MBS, Prado AF. The role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction and as a possible blood biomarker in heart failure. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107285. [PMID: 38942342 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular diseases, being responsible for many hospitalizations annually. HF is considered a public health problem with significant economic and social impact, which makes searches essential for strategies that improve the ability to predict and diagnose HF. In this way, biomarkers can help in risk stratification for a more personalized approach to patients with HF. Preclinical and clinical evidence shows the participation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in the HF process. In this review, we will demonstrate the critical role that MMP-9 plays in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. We will also show its importance as a blood biomarker in acute and chronic HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keuri Eleutério Rodrigues
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Post Graduate Program - BIONORTE, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Brazil; Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Barbosa Pontes
- Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Brazil; Pharmacology and Biochemistry Post Graduate Program - FARMABIO, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Brazil
| | - Manoel Benedito Sousa Cantão
- Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Brazil; Pharmacology and Biochemistry Post Graduate Program - FARMABIO, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Ferraz Prado
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Post Graduate Program - BIONORTE, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Brazil; Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Brazil; Pharmacology and Biochemistry Post Graduate Program - FARMABIO, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Brazil.
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Yin W, Chen Y, Wang W, Guo M, Tong L, Zhang M, Wang Z, Yuan H. Macrophage-mediated heart repair and remodeling: A promising therapeutic target for post-myocardial infarction heart failure. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31372. [PMID: 39014935 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains prevalent in patients who survived myocardial infarction (MI). Despite the accessibility of the primary percutaneous coronary intervention and medications that alleviate ventricular remodeling with functional improvement, there is an urgent need for clinicians and basic scientists to further reveal the mechanisms behind post-MI HF as well as investigate earlier and more efficient treatment after MI. Growing numbers of studies have highlighted the crucial role of macrophages in cardiac repair and remodeling following MI, and timely intervention targeting the immune response via macrophages may represent a promising therapeutic avenue. Recently, technology such as single-cell sequencing has provided us with an updated and in-depth understanding of the role of macrophages in MI. Meanwhile, the development of biomaterials has made it possible for macrophage-targeted therapy. Thus, an overall and thorough understanding of the role of macrophages in post-MI HF and the current development status of macrophage-based therapy will assist in the further study and development of macrophage-targeted treatment for post-infarction cardiac remodeling. This review synthesizes the spatiotemporal dynamics, function, mechanism and signaling of macrophages in the process of HF after MI, as well as discusses the emerging bio-materials and possible therapeutic agents targeting macrophages for post-MI HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengqi Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lingjun Tong
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Department of Cardiology, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haitao Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Cao M, Zhao Q, Xia H, Lyu S, Luo J, Fu K, Chen R, Yuan W. Intracellular and extracellular Cyclophilin a promote cardiac fibrosis through TGF-β signaling in response to angiotensin Ⅱ. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116271. [PMID: 38723722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by abnormal proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and ventricular remodeling, which finally leads to heart failure. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a central role in the development of cardiac fibrosis. CyPA (Cyclophilin A) is a main proinflammatory cytokine secreted under the conditions of oxidative stress. The mechanisms by which intracellular and extracellular CyPA interact with CFs are unclear. Male C57BL/6 J mice received angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) or vehicle for 4 weeks. Inhibition of CyPA significantly reversed Ang Ⅱ-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Mechanically, TGF-β (Transforming growth factor-β) signaling was found to be an indispensable downstream factor of CyPA-mediated myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation. Furthermore, intracellular CyPA and extracellular CyPA activate TGF-β signaling through NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, respectively. Pharmacological inhibition of CyPA and its receptor CD147 implemented by Triptolide also attenuated the expression of TGF-β signaling and cardiac fibrosis in Ang Ⅱ-model. These studies elucidate a novel mechanism by which CyPA promotes TGF-β and its downstream signaling in CFs and identify CyPA (both intracellular and extracellular) as plausible therapeutic targets for preventing or treating cardiac fibrosis induced by chronic Ang Ⅱ stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Shumei Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Kewei Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China.
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Yang K, Zhao Y, Hu J, Gao R, Shi J, Wei X, Chen J, Hu K, Sun A, Ge J. ALKBH5 induces fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation during hypoxia to protect against cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction. J Adv Res 2024; 61:193-209. [PMID: 37689242 PMCID: PMC11258655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation produces a marked effect on cardiovascular diseases. The m6A demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), as an m6A "eraser", is responsible for decreased m6A modification. However, its role in cardiac fibroblasts during the post-myocardial infarction (MI) healing process remains elusive. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of ALKBH5 in cardiac fibroblasts during infarct repair. METHODS MI was mimicked by permanent left anterior descending artery ligation in global ALKBH5-knockout, ALKBH5-knockin, and fibroblast-specific ALKBH5-knockout mice to study the function of ALKBH5 during post-MI collagen repair. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed to explore potential ALKBH5 targets. RESULTS Dramatic alterations in ALKBH5 expression were observed during the early stages post-MI and in hypoxic fibroblasts. Global ALKBH5 knockin reduced infarct size and ameliorated cardiac function after MI. The global and fibroblast-specific ALKBH5-knockout mice both exhibited low survival rates along with poor collagen repair, impaired cardiac function, and cardiac rupture. Both in vivo and in vitro ALKBH5 loss resulted in impaired fibroblast activation and decreased collagen deposition. Additionally, hypoxia, but not TGF-β1 or Ang II, upregulated ALKBH5 expression in myofibroblasts by HIF-1α-dependent transcriptional regulation. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 promoted the stability of ErbB4 mRNA and the degradation of ST14 mRNA via m6A demethylation. Fibroblast-specific ErbB4 overexpression ameliorated the impaired fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation and poor post-MI repair due to ALKBH5 knockout. CONCLUSION Fibroblast ALKBH5 positively regulates post-MI healing by stabilization of ErbB4 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. ALKBH5/ErbB4 might be potential therapeutic targets for post-MI cardiac rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rifeng Gao
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaran Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juntao Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Ramos-Regalado L, Alcover S, Badimon L, Vilahur G. The Influence of Metabolic Risk Factors on the Inflammatory Response Triggered by Myocardial Infarction: Bridging Pathophysiology to Treatment. Cells 2024; 13:1125. [PMID: 38994977 PMCID: PMC11240659 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) sets off a complex inflammatory cascade that is crucial for effective cardiac healing and scar formation. Yet, if this response becomes excessive or uncontrolled, it can lead to cardiovascular complications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the tightly regulated local inflammatory response triggered in the early post-MI phase involving cardiomyocytes, (myo)fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and infiltrating immune cells. Next, we explore how the bone marrow and extramedullary hematopoiesis (such as in the spleen) contribute to sustaining immune cell supply at a cardiac level. Lastly, we discuss recent findings on how metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes, and hypertension, disrupt this immunological response and explore the potential modulatory effects of lifestyle habits and pharmacological interventions. Understanding how different metabolic risk factors influence the inflammatory response triggered by MI and unraveling the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms may pave the way for developing personalized therapeutic approaches based on the patient's metabolic profile. Similarly, delving deeper into the impact of lifestyle modifications on the inflammatory response post-MI is crucial. These insights may enable the adoption of more effective strategies to manage post-MI inflammation and improve cardiovascular health outcomes in a holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisaidy Ramos-Regalado
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain (S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastià Alcover
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain (S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain (S.A.)
- Ciber CV, Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain (S.A.)
- Ciber CV, Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Song MH, Yoo J, Kwon DA, Chepurko E, Cho S, Fargnoli A, Hajjar RJ, Park WJ, Zangi L, Jeong D. Modified mRNA-Mediated CCN5 Gene Transfer Ameliorates Cardiac Dysfunction and Fibrosis without Adverse Structural Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6262. [PMID: 38892449 PMCID: PMC11172546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Modified mRNAs (modRNAs) are an emerging delivery method for gene therapy. The success of modRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines has demonstrated that modRNA is a safe and effective therapeutic tool. Moreover, modRNA has the potential to treat various human diseases, including cardiac dysfunction. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cardiac disorder that currently lacks curative treatment options, and MI is commonly accompanied by fibrosis and impaired cardiac function. Our group previously demonstrated that the matricellular protein CCN5 inhibits cardiac fibrosis (CF) and mitigates cardiac dysfunction. However, it remains unclear whether early intervention of CF under stress conditions is beneficial or more detrimental due to potential adverse effects such as left ventricular (LV) rupture. We hypothesized that CCN5 would alleviate the adverse effects of myocardial infarction (MI) through its anti-fibrotic properties under stress conditions. To induce the rapid expression of CCN5, ModRNA-CCN5 was synthesized and administrated directly into the myocardium in a mouse MI model. To evaluate CCN5 activity, we established two independent experimental schemes: (1) preventive intervention and (2) therapeutic intervention. Functional analyses, including echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), along with molecular assays, demonstrated that modRNA-mediated CCN5 gene transfer significantly attenuated cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac function in both preventive and therapeutic models, without causing left ventricular rupture or any adverse cardiac remodeling. In conclusion, early intervention in CF by ModRNA-CCN5 gene transfer is an efficient and safe therapeutic modality for treating MI-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Song
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; (M.H.S.)
| | - Jimeen Yoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10019, USA; (J.Y.); (E.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Do-A Kwon
- Department of Medicinal & Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University-ERICA, Ansan-si 15588, Republic of Korea; (D.-A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10019, USA; (J.Y.); (E.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Sunghye Cho
- Department of Medicinal & Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University-ERICA, Ansan-si 15588, Republic of Korea; (D.-A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Anthony Fargnoli
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10019, USA; (J.Y.); (E.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Roger J. Hajjar
- Mass General Brigham Gene and Cell Therapy Institute, Boston, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Woo Jin Park
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; (M.H.S.)
| | - Lior Zangi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10019, USA; (J.Y.); (E.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10019, USA; (J.Y.); (E.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Medicinal & Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University-ERICA, Ansan-si 15588, Republic of Korea; (D.-A.K.); (S.C.)
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Tissue fibroblasts are versatile immune regulators: An evaluation of their impact on the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102296. [PMID: 38588867 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are abundant stromal cells which not only control the integrity of extracellular matrix (ECM) but also act as immune regulators. It is known that the structural cells within tissues can establish an organ-specific immunity expressing many immune-related genes and closely interact with immune cells. In fact, fibroblasts can modify their immune properties to display both pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities in a context-dependent manner. After acute insults, fibroblasts promote tissue inflammation although they concurrently recruit immunosuppressive cells to enhance the resolution of inflammation. In chronic pathological states, tissue fibroblasts, especially senescent fibroblasts, can display many pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and stimulate the activities of different immunosuppressive cells. In return, immunosuppressive cells, such as M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), evoke an excessive conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, thus aggravating the severity of tissue fibrosis. Single-cell transcriptome studies on fibroblasts isolated from aged tissues have confirmed that tissue fibroblasts express many genes coding for cytokines, chemokines, and complement factors, whereas they lose some fibrogenic properties. The versatile immune properties of fibroblasts and their close cooperation with immune cells indicate that tissue fibroblasts have a crucial role in the aging process and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, KYS FI-70029, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
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12
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Chang D, Sun C, Tian X, Liu H, Jia Y, Guo Z. Regulation of cardiac fibroblasts reprogramming into cardiomyocyte-like cells with a cocktail of small molecule compounds. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:983-1000. [PMID: 38693086 PMCID: PMC11148126 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction results in extensive cardiomyocyte apoptosis, leading to the formation of noncontractile scar tissue. Given the limited regenerative capacity of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes, direct reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into cardiomyocytes represents a promising therapeutic strategy for myocardial repair, and small molecule drugs might offer a more attractive alternative to gene editing approaches in terms of safety and clinical feasibility. This study aimed to reprogram rat CFs into cardiomyocytes using a small molecular chemical mixture comprising CHIR99021, Valproic acid, Dorsomorphin, SB431542, and Forskolin. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of cardiomyocyte-specific markers, including cardiac troponin T (cTnT), Connexin 43 (Cx43), α-actinin, and Tbx5. Changes in intracellular calcium ion levels and Ca2+ signal transfer between adjacent cells were monitored using a calcium ion fluorescence probe. mRNA sequencing analysis demonstrated the upregulation of genes associated with cardiac morphogenesis, myocardial differentiation, and muscle fiber contraction during CF differentiation induced by the small-molecule compounds. Conversely, the expression of fibroblast-related genes was downregulated. These findings suggest that chemical-induced cell fate conversion of rat CFs into cardiomyocyte-like cells is feasible, offering a potential therapeutic solution for myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changye Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Xiangqin Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Hongyin Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yangyang Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
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13
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Gissler MC, Antiochos P, Ge Y, Heydari B, Gräni C, Kwong RY. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Evaluation of LV Remodeling Post-Myocardial Infarction: Prognosis, Monitoring and Trial Endpoints. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2024:S1936-878X(24)00127-X. [PMID: 38819335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Adverse left ventricular remodeling (ALVR) and subsequent heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) remain a major cause of patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. Overt inflammation has been identified as the common pathway underlying myocardial fibrosis and development of ALVR post-MI. With its ability to simultaneously provide information about cardiac structure, function, perfusion, and tissue characteristics, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is well poised to inform prognosis and guide early surveillance and therapeutics in high-risk cohorts. Further, established and evolving CMR-derived biomarkers may serve as clinical endpoints in prospective trials evaluating the efficacy of novel anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic therapies. This review provides an overview of post-MI ALVR and illustrates how CMR may help clinical adoption of novel therapies via mechanistic or prognostic imaging markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Colin Gissler
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Antiochos
- Cardiology and Cardiac MR Centre, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yin Ge
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bobak Heydari
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christoph Gräni
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raymond Y Kwong
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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14
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Wang M, Li C, Liu Y, Jin Y, Yu Y, Tan X, Zhang C. The effect of macrophages and their exosomes in ischemic heart disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1402468. [PMID: 38799471 PMCID: PMC11116575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1402468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide, with immune regulation playing a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Various immune cells are involved, and as one of the key immune cells residing in the heart, macrophages play an indispensable role in the inflammatory and reparative processes during cardiac ischemia. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles containing lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, and other bioactive molecules, have emerged as important mediators in the regulatory functions of macrophages and hold promise as a novel therapeutic target for IHD. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of different subsets of macrophages and their secreted exosomes during cardiac ischemia over the past five years. It also discusses the current status of clinical research utilizing macrophages and their exosomes, as well as strategies to enhance their therapeutic efficacy through biotechnology. The aim is to provide valuable insights for the treatment of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrui Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuchang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Tan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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15
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Xie L, Zang D, Yang J, Xue F, Sui W, Zhang Y. Combination of ADAM17 knockdown with eplerenone is more effective than single therapy in ameliorating diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364827. [PMID: 38799171 PMCID: PMC11122002 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) members, especially Ang II and aldosterone, play key roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers combined with aldosterone receptor antagonists (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) have substantially improved clinical outcomes in patients with DCM. However, the use of the combination has been limited due to its high risk of inducing hyperkalemia. Methods Type 1 diabetes was induced in 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 55 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days. Adeno-associated virus 9-mediated short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knock down the expression of ADAM17 in mice hearts. Eplerenone was administered via gavage at 200 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks. Primary cardiac fibroblasts were exposed to high glucose (HG) in vitro for 24 h to examine the cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts transformation (CMT). Results Cardiac collagen deposition and CMT increased in diabetic mice, leading to cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. In addition, ADAM17 expression and activity increased in the hearts of diabetic mice. ADAM17 inhibition and eplerenone treatment both improved diabetes-induced cardiac fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction, ADAM17 deficiency combined with eplerenone further reduced the effects of cardiac fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction compared with single therapy in vivo. High-glucose stimulation promotes CMT in vitro and leads to increased ADAM17 expression and activity. ADAM17 knockdown and eplerenone pretreatment can reduce the CMT of fibroblasts that is induced by high glucose levels by inhibiting TGFβ1/Smad3 activation; the combination of the two can further reduce CMT compared with single therapy in vitro. Conclusion Our findings indicated that ADAM17 knockout could improve diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling through the inhibition of RAAS overactivation when combined with eplerenone treatment, which reduced TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway activation-mediated CMT. The combined intervention of ADAM17 deficiency and eplerenone therapy provided additional cardiac protection compared with a single therapy alone without disturbing potassium level. Therefore, the combination of ADAM17 inhibition and eplerenone is a potential therapeutic strategy for human DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dejin Zang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Xue
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhai Sui
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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16
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Jiang H, Lai F, Wang X, Meng F, Zhu W, Huang S. Overexpression of zinc-finger protein 418 inhibits pathological cardiac remodelling after acute myocardial infarction. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38714309 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Zinc-finger protein 418 (ZNF418) has been confirmed to be expressed in myocardial tissue. However, the role and mechanism of ZNF418 in pathological myocardial remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI) have not been reported. This study was to elucidate the effect and mechanism of ZNF418 on ventricular remodelling after MI in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS MI mice and H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used to conduct in vivo and in vitro experiments, respectively. ZNF418 expression was regulated by adeno-associated virus 9 and adenovirus vectors. Pathological analysis, echocardiography, and molecular analysis were performed. ZNF418 was down-regulated in the left ventricular tissues of post-MI mice. In contrast, ZNF418 overexpression decreased mortality and improved cardiac function in MI mice. The MI mice exhibited a significantly increased cross-sectional area of myocardial cells and elevated protein expression levels of myocardial hypertrophy markers ANP, BNP, and β-MHC (all P < 0.05). Moreover, a significantly increased area of myocardial fibrosis and protein expression levels of myocardial fibrosis markers collagen I, collagen III, and CTGF were observed in MI mice (all P < 0.05) in MI mice. All of the above negative effects in MI mice were ameliorated in ZNF418 overexpressed mice (all P < 0.05). Mechanistically, ZNF418 overexpression inhibited the activation of the MAPK signalling pathway, as evidenced by the in vivo and in vitro experiments. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of ZNF418 could improve cardiac function and inhibit pathological cardiac remodelling by inhibiting the MAPK signalling pathway in post-MI mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Lai
- Department of Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Xixing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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17
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Guan H, Chen Y, Liu X, Huang L. Research and application of hydrogel-encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 239:113942. [PMID: 38729022 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) stands out as a highly lethal disease that poses a significant threat to global health. Worldwide, heart failure resulting from MI remains a leading cause of human mortality. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, leveraging its intrinsic healing properties. Nevertheless, pervasive issues, including a low cell retention rate, suboptimal survival rate, and incomplete differentiation of MSCs, present formidable challenges for further research. The introduction and advancement of biomaterials have offered a novel avenue for the exploration of MSC therapy in MI, marking considerable progress thus far. Notably, hydrogels, among the representative biomaterials, have garnered extensive attention within the biomedical field. This review delves into recent advancements, specifically focusing on the application of hydrogels to augment MSC therapy for cardiac tissue regeneration in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haien Guan
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou 525200, China
| | - Yuehua Chen
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou 525200, China
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou 525200, China
| | - Li Huang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou 525200, China.
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18
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Baccouche BM, Elde S, Wang H, Woo YJ. Structural, angiogenic, and immune responses influencing myocardial regeneration: a glimpse into the crucible. NPJ Regen Med 2024; 9:18. [PMID: 38688935 PMCID: PMC11061134 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-024-00357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Complete cardiac regeneration remains an elusive therapeutic goal. Although much attention has been focused on cardiomyocyte proliferation, especially in neonatal mammals, recent investigations have unearthed mechanisms by which non-cardiomyocytes, such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and other immune cells, play critical roles in modulating the regenerative capacity of the injured heart. The degree to which each of these cell types influence cardiac regeneration, however, remains incompletely understood. This review highlights the roles of these non-cardiomyocytes and their respective contributions to cardiac regeneration, with emphasis on natural heart regeneration after cardiac injury during the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil M Baccouche
- Stanford University Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Elde
- Stanford University Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Stanford University Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Stanford University Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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19
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Redgrave RE, Singh E, Tual-Chalot S, Park C, Hall D, Bennaceur K, Smyth DJ, Maizels RM, Spyridopoulos I, Arthur HM. Exogenous Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Its Helminth-Derived Mimic Attenuate the Heart's Inflammatory Response to Ischemic Injury and Reduce Mature Scar Size. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:562-573. [PMID: 37832870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronary reperfusion after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is standard therapy to salvage ischemic heart muscle. However, subsequent inflammatory responses within the infarct lead to further loss of viable myocardium. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine released in response to tissue injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of TGF-β1 after MI. In patients with STEMI, there was a significant correlation (P = 0.003) between higher circulating TGF-β1 levels at 24 hours after MI and a reduction in infarct size after 3 months, suggesting a protective role of early increase in circulating TGF-β1. A mouse model of cardiac ischemia reperfusion was used to demonstrate multiple benefits of exogenous TGF-β1 delivered in the acute phase. It led to a significantly smaller infarct size (30% reduction, P = 0.025), reduced inflammatory infiltrate (28% reduction, P = 0.015), lower intracardiac expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (>50% reduction, P = 0.038 and 0.0004, respectively) at 24 hours, and reduced scar size at 4 weeks (21% reduction, P = 0.015) after reperfusion. Furthermore, a low-fibrogenic mimic of TGF-β1, secreted by the helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus, had an almost identical protective effect on injured mouse hearts. Finally, genetic studies indicated that this benefit was mediated by TGF-β signaling in the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Redgrave
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Esha Singh
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Park
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Darroch Hall
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Bennaceur
- Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle J Smyth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Arthur
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom.
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20
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Perreault LR, Daley MC, Watson MC, Rastogi S, Jaiganesh A, Porter EC, Duffy BM, Black LD. Characterization of cardiac fibroblast-extracellular matrix crosstalk across developmental ages provides insight into age-related changes in cardiac repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1279932. [PMID: 38434619 PMCID: PMC10904575 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1279932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure afflicts an estimated 6.5 million people in the United States, driven largely by incidents of coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD leads to heart failure due to the inability of adult myocardial tissue to regenerate after myocardial infarction (MI). Instead, immune cells and resident cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), the cells responsible for the maintenance of the cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM), drive an inflammatory wound healing response, which leads to fibrotic scar tissue. However, fibrosis is reduced in fetal and early (<1-week-old) neonatal mammals, which exhibit a transient capability for regenerative tissue remodeling. Recent work by our laboratory and others suggests this is in part due to compositional differences in the cECM and functional differences in CFs with respect to developmental age. Specifically, fetal cECM and CFs appear to mitigate functional loss in MI models and engineered cardiac tissues, compared to adult CFs and cECM. We conducted 2D studies of CFs on solubilized fetal and adult cECM to investigate whether these age-specific functional differences are synergistic with respect to their impact on CF phenotype and, therefore, cardiac wound healing. We found that the CF migration rate and stiffness vary with respect to cell and cECM developmental age and that CF transition to a fibrotic phenotype can be partially attenuated in the fetal cECM. However, this effect was not observed when cells were treated with cytokine TGF-β1, suggesting that inflammatory signaling factors are the dominant driver of the fibroblast phenotype. This information may be valuable for targeted therapies aimed at modifying the CF wound healing response and is broadly applicable to age-related studies of cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Mark C. Daley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Matthew C. Watson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Sagar Rastogi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Ajith Jaiganesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Porter
- Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Breanna M. Duffy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Lauren D. Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
- Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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21
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Zhang G, Han X, Xu T, Liu M, Chen G, Xie L, Xu H, Hua Y, Pang M, Hu C, Wu Y, Liu B, Zhou Y. Buyang Huanwu Decoction suppresses cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in mice after myocardial infarction through inhibition of the TLR4 signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117388. [PMID: 37949329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE It has been reported that cardiac inflammation and fibrosis participate in the development of heart failure (HF) following myocardial infarction (MI). Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic treatments exhibit therapeutic efficacy in MI. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) has cardioprotective properties. However, whether BYHWD regulates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in HF after MI, and the underlying mechanisms, are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the effects and potential mechanisms of BYHWD on cardiac inflammation and fibrosis after MI. MATERIALS AND METHODS An MI model was constructed through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in mice. The cardioprotective effects of BYHWD were determined by echocardiography, Masson trichrome staining, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining and haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The effects of BYHWD on inflammation and fibrosis, and on the TLR4 signalling pathway, were explored through immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in vivo. Next, the effects of BYHWD on primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) inflammation and collagen synthesis, and on the TLR4 signalling pathway, were detected using WB, immunofluorescence (IF) and qRT-PCR in vitro. In addition, the suppression and overexpression of TLR4 in CFs were further explored. RESULTS BYHWD dose-dependently reduced cardiac inflammation, fibrosis and ventricular dysfunction. The expression levels of collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ, IL-1β and IL-18, as well as critical proteins in the TLR4 signalling pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome, were suppressed by BYHWD in the in vivo experiment. BYHWD inhibited CFs inflammation and collagen synthesis, as well as critical proteins in the TLR4 signalling pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome, in the in vitro experiment. TLR4 suppression mitigated these inhibitory effects of BYHWD while overexpression of TLR4 markedly reversed these inhibitory effects of BYHWD. CONCLUSION BYHWD exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in mice after MI, and suppresses CFs inflammation and collagen synthesis through suppression of the TLR4 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xin Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guanghong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lingpeng Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Hepatology, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Honglin Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of geratology, Affliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523058, China
| | - Yue Hua
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mingjie Pang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Changlei Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Kupusovic J, Kessler L, Kazek S, Chodyla MK, Umutlu L, Zarrad F, Nader M, Fendler WP, Varasteh Z, Hermann K, Dobrev D, Wakili R, Rassaf T, Siebermair J, Rischpler C. Delayed 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/MR imaging confirms ongoing fibroblast activation in patients after acute myocardial infarction. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2024; 50:101340. [PMID: 38313450 PMCID: PMC10835345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of the Report Combined cardiac 68Ga-Fibroblast-Activation Protein-alpha inhibitor (FAPI) positron-emission tomography (PET) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) constitute a novel diagnostic tool in patients for the assessment of myocardial damage after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate simultaneous Ga-68-FAPI-46-PET/MR imaging in the delayed phase after AMI. Material and Methods Eleven patients underwent hybrid 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/MRI post AMI. Standardized uptake values and fibroblast activation volume (FAV) were calculated and correlated with serum biomarkers and MRI parameters. Results Significant 68Ga-FAPI-46 uptake could be demonstrated in 11 (100 %) patients after a mean period of 30.9 ± 22.0 days. FAV significantly exceeded the infarction size in MRI and showed a good correlation to MRI parameters as well as to serum biomarkers of myocardial damage. Conclusions 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/MRI offers molecular and morphological imaging of affected myocardium after AMI. This study demonstrates ongoing fibroblast activation in a delayed phase after AMI and generates hypotheses for future studies while aiming for a better understanding of myocardial remodeling following ischemic tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kupusovic
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lukas Kessler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Kazek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michal Kamil Chodyla
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lale Umutlu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fadi Zarrad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Nader
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P. Fendler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zohreh Varasteh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der TUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ken Hermann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reza Wakili
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Siebermair
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Krankenhaus Göttlicher Heiland GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Lin LC, Liu ZY, Yang JJ, Zhao JY, Tao H. Lipid metabolism reprogramming in cardiac fibrosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:164-175. [PMID: 37949734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a critical pathophysiological process that occurs with diverse types of cardiac injury. Lipids are the most important bioenergy substrates for maintaining optimal heart performance and act as second messengers to transduce signals within cardiac cells. However, lipid metabolism reprogramming is a double-edged sword in the regulation of cardiomyocyte homeostasis and heart function. Moreover, lipids can exert diverse effects on cardiac fibrosis through different signaling pathways. In this review, we provide a brief overview of aberrant cardiac lipid metabolism and recent progress in pharmacological research targeting lipid metabolism alterations in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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24
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Li H, Zhu X, Cao X, Lu Y, Zhou J, Zhang X. Single-cell analysis reveals lysyl oxidase (Lox) + fibroblast subset involved in cardiac fibrosis of diabetic mice. J Adv Res 2023; 54:223-237. [PMID: 36706988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction are the main characteristics of diabetic heart disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic myocardial fibrosis remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of cardiac fibroblasts in diabetic mice and its possible mechanism in the development of diabetic myocardial fibrosis. METHODS We established a diabetic mouse model by injecting mice with streptozotocin. The overall cell profiles in diabetic hearts were analyzed using single-cell RNA transcriptomic techniques. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Cardiac fibrosis was assessed by Masson's trichrome and Sirius red staining. Protein expression was analyzed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS A total of 11,585 cells were captured in control (Ctrl) and diabetic (DM) hearts. Twelve cell types were identified in this study. The number of fibroblasts was significantly higher in the DM hearts than in the Ctrl group. The fibroblasts were further re-clustered into nine subsets. Interestingly, cluster 4 fibroblasts were significantly increased in diabetic hearts compared with other fibroblast clusters. Lysyl oxidase (Lox) was highly expressed in DM fibroblasts (especially in cluster 4). Beta-aminopropionitrile, a Lox inhibitor, inhibited collagen expression and alleviated cardiac dysfunction in the diabetic group. Lysyl oxidase inhibition also reduced high glucose-induced collagen protein upregulation in primary fibroblasts. Moreover, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor not only prevented an increase in Lox and Col I but also inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the heterogeneity of cardiac fibroblasts in diabetic mice for the first time. Fibroblasts with high expression of Lox (cluster 4 fibroblasts) were identified to play a crucial role in fibrosis in diabetic heart disease. The findings of this study may provide a possible therapeutic target for interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyangzi Li
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yicheng Lu
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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25
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Yin X, Lin L, Fang F, Zhang B, Shen C. Mechanisms and Optimization Strategies of Paracrine Exosomes from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ischemic Heart Disease. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:6500831. [PMID: 38034060 PMCID: PMC10686715 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6500831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of myocardial infarction (MI) are increasing worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with self-renewal and differentiation capabilities that are essential in tissue healing and regenerative medicine. However, the low implantation and survival rates of transplanted cells hinder the widespread clinical use of stem cells. Exosomes are naturally occurring nanovesicles that are secreted by cells and promote the repair of cardiac function by transporting noncoding RNA and protein. In recent years, MSC-derived exosomes have been promising cell-free treatment tools for improving cardiac function and reversing cardiac remodeling. This review describes the biological properties and therapeutic potential of exosomes and summarizes some engineering approaches for exosomes optimization to enhance the targeting and therapeutic efficacy of exosomes in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhi Lin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Jining Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Jining Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Liu ZY, Song K, Tu B, Lin LC, Sun H, Zhou Y, Sha JM, Yang JJ, Zhang Y, Zhao JY, Tao H. Glycolytic reprogramming in organ fibrosis: New dynamics of the epigenetic landscape. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:1-10. [PMID: 37419215 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that aerobic glycolysis is essential for the establishment and maintenance of the fibrotic phenotype, so treatments targeting glycolytic reprogramming may become an important strategy to reduce fibrosis. Here, we reviewed current evidence on the glycolytic reprogramming in organ fibrosis, new dynamics of the epigenetic landscape. Epigenetic regulation of the expression of specific genes involved mediates glycolytic reprogramming, thereby affecting fibrosis progression. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between aerobic glycolysis and epigenetics holds great promise for the treatment and intervention of fibrotic diseases. This article aims to comprehensively review the effect of aerobic glycolysis on organ fibrosis, and to elucidate the relevant epigenetic mechanisms of glycolytic reprogramming in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Bin Tu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Li-Chan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - He Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Ji-Ming Sha
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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27
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Gaytan SL, Beaven E, Gadad SS, Nurunnabi M. Progress and prospect of nanotechnology for cardiac fibrosis treatment. INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2023; 1:e20230018. [PMID: 38089921 PMCID: PMC10712437 DOI: 10.1002/inmd.20230018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the heart, leading to reduced cardiac functionality and heart failure. This review provides an overview of the therapeutic applications of nanotechnology for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis. We first delve into the fundamental pathophysiology of cardiac fibrosis, highlighting the key molecular players, including Matrix Metalloproteinases, Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and several growth factors, cytokines, and signaling molecules. Each target presents a unique opportunity to develop targeted nano-therapies. We then focus on recent advancements in nanotechnology and how nanoparticles can be engineered to deliver drugs or therapeutic genes. These advanced delivery approaches have shown significant potential to inhibit fibrosis-promoting factors, thereby mitigating the fibrotic response and potentially reversing disease progression. In addition, we discuss the challenges associated with developing and translating nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, including ensuring biocompatibility, safety, and regulatory compliance. This review highlights how nanotechnology can bridge the gap between lab research and clinical practice for treating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Gaytan
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health SciencesCollege of Health SciencesThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Elfa Beaven
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of EngineeringThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in CancerDepartment of Molecular and Translational MedicinePaul L. Foster School of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health SciencesCollege of Health SciencesThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of EngineeringThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Border Biomedical Research CenterThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
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28
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Yi L, Zhu T, Qu X, Buayiximu K, Feng S, Zhu Z, Ni J, Du R, Zhu J, Wang X, Ding F, Zhang R, Quan W, Yan X. Predictive value of early left ventricular end-diastolic volume changes for late left ventricular remodeling after ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Cardiol J 2023; 31:451-460. [PMID: 37772349 PMCID: PMC11229814 DOI: 10.5603/cj.90492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Left ventricular remodeling (LVR) is a major predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to prospectively evaluate LVR in patients with STEMI who were successfully treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and examine the relationship between early left ventricular dilation and late LVR. METHODS Overall 301 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI were included. Serial echocardiography was performed on the first day after PCI, on the day of discharge, at 1 month, and 6 months after discharge. RESULTS Left ventricular remodeling occurred in 57 (18.9%) patients during follow-up. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) reduced from day 1 postoperative to discharge in the LVR group compared with that in the non-LVR (n-LVR) group. The rates of change in LVEDV (ΔLVEDV%) were -5.24 ± 16.02% and 5.05 ± 16.92%, respectively (p < 0.001). LVEDV increased in patients with LVR compared with n-LVR at 1-month and 6-month follow-ups (ΔLVEDV% 13.05 ± 14.89% vs. -1.9 ± 12.03%; 26.46 ± 14.05% vs. -3.42 ± 10.77%, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that early changes in LVEDV, including ΔLVEDV% at discharge and 1-month postoperative, predicted late LVR with an area under the curve value of 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.74-0.87, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Decreased LVEDV at discharge and increased LVEDV at 1-month follow-up were both associated with late LVR at 6-month. Comprehensive and early monitoring of LVEDV changes may help to predict LVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuezheng Qu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Keremu Buayiximu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Quan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Chu L, Xie D, Xu D. Epigenetic Regulation of Fibroblasts and Crosstalk between Cardiomyocytes and Non-Myocyte Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1382. [PMID: 37759781 PMCID: PMC10526373 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms and cell crosstalk have been shown to play important roles in the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis. This review article aims to provide a thorough overview of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in fibroblast regulation. During fibrosis, fibroblast epigenetic regulation encompasses a multitude of mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation, and chromatin remodeling. These mechanisms regulate the phenotype of fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix composition by modulating gene expression, thereby orchestrating the progression of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, cardiac fibrosis disrupts normal cardiac function by imposing myocardial mechanical stress and compromising cardiac electrical conduction. This review article also delves into the intricate crosstalk between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes in the heart. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms governing epigenetic regulation and cell crosstalk in cardiac fibrosis is critical for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Further research is warranted to unravel the precise molecular mechanisms underpinning these processes and to identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dachun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 315 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai 200072, China; (L.C.); (D.X.)
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Umbarkar P, Ejantkar S, Ruiz Ramirez SY, Toro Cora A, Zhang Q, Tousif S, Lal H. Cardiac fibroblast GSK-3α aggravates ischemic cardiac injury by promoting fibrosis, inflammation, and impairing angiogenesis. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:35. [PMID: 37656238 PMCID: PMC11340261 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has been considered to be a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. GSK-3 is a family of ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinases. GSK-3 isoforms appear to play overlapping, unique, and even opposing functions in the heart. Previously, our group identified that cardiac fibroblast (FB) GSK-3β acts as a negative regulator of fibrotic remodeling in the ischemic heart. However, the role of FB-GSK-3α in MI pathology is not defined. To determine the role of FB-GSK-3α in MI-induced adverse cardiac remodeling, GSK-3α was deleted specifically in the residential fibroblast or myofibroblast (MyoFB) using tamoxifen (TAM) inducible Tcf21 or Periostin (Postn) promoter-driven Cre recombinase, respectively. Echocardiographic analysis revealed that FB- or MyoFB-specific GSK-3α deletion prevented the development of dilative remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Morphometrics and histology studies confirmed improvement in capillary density and a remarkable reduction in hypertrophy and fibrosis in the KO group. We harvested the hearts at 4 weeks post-MI and analyzed signature genes of adverse remodeling. Specifically, qPCR analysis was performed to examine the gene panels of inflammation (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β), fibrosis (COL1A1, COL3A1, COMP, Fibronectin-1, Latent TGF-β binding protein 2), and hypertrophy (ANP, BNP, MYH7). These molecular markers were essentially normalized due to FB-specific GSK-3α deletion. Further molecular studies confirmed that FB-GSK-3α could regulate NF-kB activation and expression of angiogenesis-related proteins. Our findings suggest that FB-GSK-3α plays a critical role in the pathological cardiac remodeling of ischemic hearts, therefore, it could be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA.
| | - Suma Ejantkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA
| | - Sulivette Y Ruiz Ramirez
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA
| | - Angelica Toro Cora
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA.
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Learmonth M, Corker A, Dasgupta S, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Regulation of cardiac fibroblasts by lymphocytes after a myocardial infarction: playing in the major league. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H553-H561. [PMID: 37450290 PMCID: PMC10538980 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00250.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components within the myocardium, which can lead to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. Studies have shown that lymphocytes including B and T cells play important roles in the development and progression of cardiac fibrosis after a myocardial infarction. In this review, we focus on the regulation of cardiac fibrosis by lymphocyte subsets, with a particular emphasis on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their effects on fibroblasts and cardiac remodeling. We also highlight areas for further exploration of the interactions between T cells and fibroblasts necessary for understanding and treating cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Learmonth
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Alexa Corker
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Shaoni Dasgupta
- College of Graduate Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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Castillo-Casas JM, Caño-Carrillo S, Sánchez-Fernández C, Franco D, Lozano-Velasco E. Comparative Analysis of Heart Regeneration: Searching for the Key to Heal the Heart-Part II: Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:357. [PMID: 37754786 PMCID: PMC10531542 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, among which ischemic heart disease is the most representative. Myocardial infarction results from occlusion of a coronary artery, which leads to an insufficient blood supply to the myocardium. As it is well known, the massive loss of cardiomyocytes cannot be solved due the limited regenerative ability of the adult mammalian hearts. In contrast, some lower vertebrate species can regenerate the heart after an injury; their study has disclosed some of the involved cell types, molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways during the regenerative process. In this 'two parts' review, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of the main response to achieve heart regeneration, where several processes are involved and essential for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Castillo-Casas
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
| | - Sheila Caño-Carrillo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Fernández
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18007 Granada, Spain
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Ivanova MM, Dao J, Slayeh OA, Friedman A, Goker-Alpan O. Circulated TGF-β1 and VEGF-A as Biomarkers for Fabry Disease-Associated Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2023; 12:2102. [PMID: 37626912 PMCID: PMC10453505 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal disorder caused by α-galactosidase A deficiency, resulting in the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb-3) and its metabolite globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb-3). Cardiovascular complications and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are the most frequent manifestations of FD. While an echocardiogram and cardiac MRI are clinical tools to assess cardiac involvement, hypertrophic pattern variations and fibrosis make it crucial to identify biomarkers to predict early cardiac outcomes. This study aims to investigate potential biomarkers associated with HCM in FD: transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β active form (a-TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) in 45 patients with FD, categorized into cohorts based on the HCM severity. TGF-β1, a-TGF-β, FGF2, and VEGF-A were elevated in FD. While the association of TGF-β1 with HCM was not gender-related, VEGF was elevated in males with FD and HCM. Female patients with abnormal electrocardiograms but without overt HCM also have elevated TGF-β1. Lyso-Gb3 is correlated with TGF-β1, VEGF-A, and a-TGF-β1. Elevation of TGF-β1 provides evidence of the chronic inflammatory state as a cause of myocardial fibrosis in FD patients; thus, it is a potential marker of early cardiac fibrosis detected even prior to hypertrophy. TGF-β1 and VEGF biomarkers may be prognostic indicators of adverse cardiovascular events in FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita M. Ivanova
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, 3702 Pender Drive, Ste 170, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, 3702 Pender Drive, Ste 170, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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Liu Y, Wang M, Yu Y, Li C, Zhang C. Advances in the study of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac cells for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:202. [PMID: 37580705 PMCID: PMC10424417 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction has long been the leading cause of death in coronary heart disease, which is characterized by irreversible cardiomyocyte death and restricted blood supply. Conventional reperfusion therapy can further aggravate myocardial injury. Stem cell therapy, especially with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has emerged as a promising approach to promote cardiac repair and improve cardiac function. MSCs may induce these effects by secreting exosomes containing therapeutically active RNA, proteins and lipids. Notably, normal cardiac function depends on intracardiac paracrine signaling via exosomes, and exosomes secreted by cardiac cells can partially reflect changes in the heart during disease, so analyzing these vesicles may provide valuable insights into the pathology of myocardial infarction as well as guide the development of new treatments. The present review examines how exosomes produced by MSCs and cardiac cells may influence injury after myocardial infarction and serve as therapies against such injury. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Minrui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National High-Level Talents, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Neuber S, Ermer MR, Emmert MY, Nazari-Shafti TZ. Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis with Extracellular Vesicles: What Is Missing for Clinical Translation? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10480. [PMID: 37445658 PMCID: PMC10342089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and currently affects more than 60 million people worldwide. A key feature in the pathogenesis of almost all forms of heart failure is cardiac fibrosis, which is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the heart. Although cardiac fibrosis is beneficial in the short term after acute myocardial injury to preserve the structural and functional integrity of the heart, persistent cardiac fibrosis contributes to pathological cardiac remodeling, leading to mechanical and electrical dysfunction of the heart. Despite its high prevalence, standard therapies specifically targeting cardiac fibrosis are not yet available. Cell-based approaches have been extensively studied as potential treatments for cardiac fibrosis, but several challenges have been identified during clinical translation. The observation that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem and progenitor cells exhibit some of the therapeutic effects of the parent cells has paved the way to overcome limitations associated with cell therapy. However, to make EV-based products a reality, standardized methods for EV production, isolation, characterization, and storage must be established, along with concrete evidence of their safety and efficacy in clinical trials. This article discusses EVs as novel therapeutics for cardiac fibrosis from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Neuber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.E.); (M.Y.E.); (T.Z.N.-S.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam R. Ermer
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.E.); (M.Y.E.); (T.Z.N.-S.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.E.); (M.Y.E.); (T.Z.N.-S.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timo Z. Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.E.); (M.Y.E.); (T.Z.N.-S.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Farag A, Mandour AS, Kaneda M, Elfadadny A, Elhaieg A, Shimada K, Tanaka R. Effect of trehalose on heart functions in rats model after myocardial infarction: assessment of novel intraventricular pressure and heart rate variability. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1182628. [PMID: 37469485 PMCID: PMC10353053 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1182628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarctions remain a leading cause of global deaths. Developing novel drugs to target cardiac remodeling after myocardial injury is challenging. There is an increasing interest in exploring natural cardioprotective agents and non-invasive tools like intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG) and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in myocardial infarctions. Trehalose (TRE), a natural disaccharide, shows promise in treating atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and neurodegenerative disorders. Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of TRE in improving cardiac functions measured by IVPG and HRV and reducing myocardial remodeling following myocardial infarction in rat model. Methods Rats were divided into three groups: sham, myocardial infarction (MI), and trehalose-treated MI (TRE) groups. The animals in the MI and TRE groups underwent permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. The TRE group received 2% trehalose in their drinking water for four weeks after the surgery. At the end of the experiment, heart function was assessed using conventional echocardiography, novel color M-mode echocardiography for IVPG evaluation, and HRV analysis. After euthanasia, gross image scoring, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to evaluate inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Results The MI group exhibited significantly lower values in multiple IVPG parameters. In contrast, TRE administration showed an ameliorative effect on IVPG changes, with results comparable to the sham group. Additionally, TRE improved HRV parameters, mitigated morphological changes induced by myocardial infarction, reduced histological alterations in wall mass, and suppressed inflammatory reactions within the infarcted heart tissues. Furthermore, TRE demonstrated antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic properties. Conclusion The investigation into the effect of trehalose on a myocardial infarction rat model has yielded promising outcomes, as evidenced by improvements observed through conventional echocardiography, histological analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. While minor trends were noticed in IVPG and HRV measurements. However, our findings offer valuable insights and demonstrate a correlation between IVPG, HRV, and other traditional markers of echo assessment in the myocardial infarction vs. sham groups. This alignment suggests the potential of IVPG and HRV as additional indicators for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Division of Animal Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Elhaieg
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Kazumi Shimada
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Yamamoto M, Yasukawa H, Takahashi J, Nohara S, Sasaki T, Shibao K, Akagaki D, Okabe K, Yanai T, Shibata T, Fukumoto Y. Endogenous interleukin-22 prevents cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286907. [PMID: 37319277 PMCID: PMC10270598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) can result in fatal myocardial rupture or heart failure due to adverse remodeling and dysfunction of the left ventricle. Although recent studies have shown that exogenous interleukin (IL)-22 shows cardioprotective effect after MI, the pathophysiological significance of endogenous IL-22 is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of endogenous IL-22 in a mouse model of MI. We produced MI model by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery in wild-type (WT) and IL-22 knock-out (KO) mice. The post-MI survival rate was significantly worse in IL-22KO mice than in WT mice due to a higher rate of cardiac rupture. Although IL-22KO mice exhibited a significantly greater infarct size than WT mice, there was no significant difference in left ventricular geometry or function between WT and IL-22KO mice. IL-22KO mice showed increase in infiltrating macrophages and myofibroblasts, and altered expression pattern of inflammation- and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes after MI. While IL-22KO mice showed no obvious changes in cardiac morphology or function before MI, expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were increased, whereas that of tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-3 was decreased in cardiac tissue. Protein expression of IL-22 receptor complex, IL-22 receptor alpha 1 (IL-22R1) and IL-10 receptor beta (IL-10RB), were increased in cardiac tissue 3 days after MI, regardless of the genotype. We propose that endogenous IL-22 plays an important role in preventing cardiac rupture after MI, possibly by regulating inflammation and ECM metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Yamamoto
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasukawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jinya Takahashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Nohara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sasaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kodai Shibao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Daiki Akagaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kota Okabe
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yanai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Ridwan M, Dimiati H, Syukri M, Lesmana R. Potential molecular mechanism underlying cardiac fibrosis in diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. Egypt Heart J 2023; 75:46. [PMID: 37306727 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-023-00376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the world with prevalence of more than 500 million population in 2021. Cardiac fibrosis with its complex process has been hypothesized as one of the mechanisms explaining development of heart failure in diabetic patients. Recently, the biomolecular mechanism of cardiac fibrosis in the hyperglycemia setting has been focusing around transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) as a major factor. However, there is interplay role of several factors including microRNAs (miRNAs) which acts as a potential regulator of cardiac fibrosis connected with TGFβ-1. In this review, we explored interplay role of several factors including microRNAs which acts as a potential regulator of cardiac fibrosis connected with TGFβ-1 in diabetes mellitus. This narrative review included articles from the PubMed and Science Direct databases published in the last 10 years (2012-2022). MAIN TEXT In diabetic patients, excessive activation of myofibroblasts occurs and triggers pro-collagen to convert into mature collagen to fill the cardiac interstitial space resulting in a pathological process of extracellular matrix remodeling. The balance between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and its inhibitor (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase, TIMP) is crucial in degradation of the extracellular matrix. Diabetes-related cardiac fibrosis is modulated by increasing level of TGF-β1 mediated by cellular components, including cardiomyocyte and non-cardiomyocyte cells involving fibroblasts, vascular pericytes smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Several miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-9, miR-29, miR-30d, miR-144, miR-34a, miR-150, miR-320, and miR-378 are upregulated in diabetic cardiomyopathy. TGF-β1, together with inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, combined sma and the mothers against decapentaplegic (smad) protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and microRNAs, is interconnectedly involved in extracellular matrix production and fibrotic response. In this review, we explored interplay role of several factors including microRNAs which acts as a potential regulator of cardiac fibrosis connected with TGFβ-1 in diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Long-term hyperglycemia activates cardiac fibroblast via complex processes involving TGF-β1, miRNA, inflammatory chemokines, oxidative stress, smad, or MAPK pathways. There is increasing evidence of miRNA's roles lately in modulating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ridwan
- Doctorate School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23116, Indonesia
| | - Herlina Dimiati
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
| | - Maimun Syukri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
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Pearce DP, Nemcek MT, Witzenburg CM. Don't go breakin' my heart: cardioprotective alterations to the mechanical and structural properties of reperfused myocardium during post-infarction inflammation. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:329-353. [PMID: 37396449 PMCID: PMC10310682 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarctions (MIs) kickstart an intense inflammatory response resulting in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, wall thinning, and chamber dilation that leaves the heart susceptible to rupture. Reperfusion therapy is one of the most effective strategies for limiting adverse effects of MIs, but is a challenge to administer in a timely manner. Late reperfusion therapy (LRT; 3 + hours post-MI) does not limit infarct size, but does reduce incidences of post-MI rupture and improves long-term patient outcomes. Foundational studies employing LRT in the mid-twentieth century revealed beneficial reductions in infarct expansion, aneurysm formation, and left ventricle dysfunction. The mechanism by which LRT acts, however, is undefined. Structural analyses, relying largely on one-dimensional estimates of ECM composition, have found few differences in collagen content between LRT and permanently occluded animal models when using homogeneous samples from infarct cores. Uniaxial testing, on the other hand, revealed slight reductions in stiffness early in inflammation, followed soon after by an enhanced resistance to failure for cases of LRT. The use of one-dimensional estimates of ECM organization and gross mechanical function have resulted in a poor understanding of the infarct's spatially variable mechanical and structural anisotropy. To resolve these gaps in literature, future work employing full-field mechanical, structural, and cellular analyses is needed to better define the spatiotemporal post-MI alterations occurring during the inflammatory phase of healing and how they are impacted following reperfusion therapy. In turn, these studies may reveal how LRT affects the likelihood of rupture and inspire novel approaches to guide scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Pearce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Mark T. Nemcek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Colleen M. Witzenburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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Aggarwal R, Qi SS, So SW, Swingen C, Reyes CP, Rose R, Wright C, Hocum Stone LL, Nixon JP, McFalls EO, Butterick TA, Kelly RF. Persistent diastolic dysfunction in chronically ischemic hearts following coronary artery bypass graft. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:e269-e279. [PMID: 36154976 PMCID: PMC10100582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A porcine model was used to study diastolic dysfunction in hibernating myocardium (HM) and recovery with coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). METHODS HM was induced in Yorkshire-Landrace juvenile swine (n = 30) by placing a c-constrictor on left anterior descending artery causing chronic myocardial ischemia without infarction. At 12 weeks, animals developed the HM phenotype and were either killed humanely (HIB group; n = 11) or revascularized with CABG and allowed 4 weeks of recovery (HIB+CABG group; n = 19). Control pigs were matched for weight, age, and sex to the HIB group. Before the animals were killed humanely, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done at rest and during a low-dose dobutamine infusion. Tissue was obtained for histologic and proinflammatory biomarker analyses. RESULTS Diastolic peak filling rate was lower in HIB compared with control (5.4 ± 0.7 vs 6.7 ± 1.4 respectively, P = .002), with near recovery with CABG (6.3 ± 0.8, P = .06). Cardiac MRI confirmed preserved global systolic function in all groups. Histology confirmed there was no transmural infarction but showed interstitial fibrosis in the endomysium in both the HIB and HIB+CABG groups compared with normal myocardium. Alpha-smooth muscle actin stain identified increased myofibroblasts in HM that were less apparent post-CABG. Cytokine and proteomic studies in HM showed decreased peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α) expression but increased expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB). Following CABG, PGC1-α and NFκB expression returned to control whereas granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon gamma remained increased. CONCLUSIONS In porcine model of HM, increased NFκB expression, enhanced myofibroblasts, and collagen deposition along with decreased PGC1-α expression were observed, all of which tended toward normal with CABG. Estimates of impaired relaxation with MRI within HM during increased workload persisted despite CABG, suggesting a need for adjuvant therapies during revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Aggarwal
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Steven S Qi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Simon W So
- Research Service, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minn; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn; Center for Veterans Research and Education, Division of Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Cory Swingen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Christina P Reyes
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Rebecca Rose
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Christin Wright
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Laura L Hocum Stone
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Joshua P Nixon
- Research Service, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Edward O McFalls
- Division of Cardiology, Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond, Va
| | - Tammy A Butterick
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn; Center for Veterans Research and Education, Division of Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Rosemary F Kelly
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn.
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Feng Y, Wang J, Fan W, Geng Y, Huang X, Ouyang P, Chen D, Guo H, Deng H, Lai W, Zuo Z. Integrated bioinformatics identifies key mediators in cytokine storm and tissue remodeling during Vibrio mimicus infection in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172849. [PMID: 37283750 PMCID: PMC10239856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathogenesis of Vibrio mimicus infection in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) remains poorly understood, particularly regarding the impact of infection with the pathogen on primary target organs such as the skin and muscle. Methods In this study, we aim to analyze the pathological intricacies of the skin and muscle of yellow catfish after being infected with V. mimicus using a 1/10 LC50 seven-day post-infection model. Furthermore, we have utilized integrated bioinformatics to comprehensively elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and identify the key regulatory genes implicated in this phenomenon. Results Our histopathological examination revealed significant pathological changes in the skin and muscle, characterized by necrosis and inflammation. Moreover, tissue remodeling occurred, with perimysium degeneration and lesion invasion into the muscle along the endomysium, accompanied by a transformation of type I collagen into a mixture of type I and type III collagens in the perimysium and muscle bundles. Our eukaryotic transcriptomic and 4D label-free analyses demonstrated a predominantly immune pathway response in both the skin and muscle, with downregulation observed in several cell signaling pathways that focused on focal adhesion-dominated cell signaling pathways. The upregulated genes included interleukins (IL)-1 and -6, chemokines, and matrix metallopeptidases (mmp)-9 and -13, while several genes were significantly downregulated, including col1a and col1a1a. Further analysis revealed that these pathways were differentially regulated, with mmp-9 and mmp-13 acting as the potential core regulators of cytokine and tissue remodeling pathways. Upregulation of NF-κB1 and FOSL-1 induced by IL-17C and Nox 1/2-based NADPH oxidase may have held matrix metallopeptidase and cytokine-related genes. Also, we confirmed these relevant regulatory pathways by qPCR and ELISA in expanded samples. Discussion Our findings unequivocally illustrate the occurrence of a cytokine storm and tissue remodeling, mediated by interleukins, chemokines, and MMPs, in the surface of yellow catfish infected with V. mimicus. Additionally, we unveil the potential bidirectional regulatory role of MMP-9 and MMP-13. These results provide novel perspectives on the intricate immune response to V. mimicus infection in yellow catfish and highlight potential targets for developing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weimin Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Jian Y, Zhou X, Shan W, Chen C, Ge W, Cui J, Yi W, Sun Y. Crosstalk between macrophages and cardiac cells after myocardial infarction. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:109. [PMID: 37170235 PMCID: PMC10173491 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction (MI), are a leading cause of death worldwide. Acute MI (AMI) inflicts massive injury to the coronary microcirculation, causing large-scale cardiomyocyte death due to ischemia and hypoxia. Inflammatory cells such as monocytes and macrophages migrate to the damaged area to clear away dead cells post-MI. Macrophages are pleiotropic cells of the innate immune system, which play an essential role in the initial inflammatory response that occurs following MI, inducing subsequent damage and facilitating recovery. Besides their recognized role within the immune response, macrophages participate in crosstalk with other cells (including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular endothelial cells) to coordinate post-MI processes within cardiac tissue. Macrophage-secreted exosomes have recently attracted increasing attention, which has led to a more elaborate understanding of macrophage function. Currently, the functional roles of macrophages in the microenvironment of the infarcted heart, particularly with regard to their interaction with surrounding cells, remain unclear. Understanding the specific mechanisms that mediate this crosstalk is essential in treating MI. In this review, we discuss the origin of macrophages, changes in their distribution post-MI, phenotypic and functional plasticity, as well as the specific signaling pathways involved, with a focus on the crosstalk with other cells in the heart. Thus, we provide a new perspective on the treatment of MI. Further in-depth research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying crosstalk between macrophages and other cells within cardiac tissue for the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Jian
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenju Shan
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Senescent cardiac fibroblasts: A key role in cardiac fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166642. [PMID: 36669578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts are a cell population that controls the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix and orchestrates a damage response to maintain cardiac architecture and performance. Due to these functions, fibroblasts play a central role in cardiac fibrosis development, and there are large differences in matrix protein secretion profiles between fibroblasts from aged versus young animals. Senescence is a multifactorial and complex process that has been associated with inflammatory and fibrotic responses. After damage, transient cellular senescence is usually beneficial, as these cells promote tissue repair. However, the persistent presence of senescent cells within a tissue is linked with fibrosis development and organ dysfunction, leading to aging-related diseases such as cardiovascular pathologies. In the heart, early cardiac fibroblast senescence after myocardial infarction seems to be protective to avoid excessive fibrosis; however, in non-infarcted models of cardiac fibrosis, cardiac fibroblast senescence has been shown to be deleterious. Today, two new classes of drugs, termed senolytics and senostatics, which eliminate senescent cells or modify senescence-associated secretory phenotype, respectively, arise as novel therapeutical strategies to treat aging-related pathologies. However, further studies will be needed to evaluate the extent of the utility of senotherapeutic drugs in cardiac diseases, in which pathological context and temporality of the intervention must be considered.
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Docosahexaenoic Acid Attenuates Radiation-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Inhibiting the p38/ET-1 Pathway in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:1229-1243. [PMID: 36529557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis (RIMF) is a severe delayed complication of thoracic irradiation (IR). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is critical in cardiac fibroblast activation, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is protective against various cardiac diseases. This study aimed to explore the roles of ET-1 in RIMF and the potential of DHA in preventing RIMF. METHODS AND MATERIALS Hematoxylin and eosin, sirius red, and Masson trichrome staining were carried out to evaluate the histopathologic conditions in mouse models. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the concentration of ET-1 in serum and cell supernatants. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the protein levels. The phenotypic alterations of cardiac fibroblasts were evaluated by cell proliferation/migration assays and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) detection. RESULTS Radiation increased ET-1 expression and secretion by increasing p38 phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes, and ET-1 markedly promoted the activation of cardiac fibroblasts, which were characterized by enhanced fibroblast proliferation, migration, and α-SMA expression. Cardiomyocyte-derived ET-1 mediated radiation-induced fibroblast activation by targeting the PI3K-AKT and MEK-ERK pathways in fibroblasts. DHA suppressed ET-1 levels by blocking p38 signaling in cardiomyocytes and significantly attenuated the activation of cardiac fibroblasts induced by the IR/ET-1 axis. Importantly, DHA decreased collagen deposition and α-SMA expression, alleviating cardiac fibrosis caused by radiation in mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that radiation facilitates cardiac fibroblast activation by enhancing p38/ET-1 signaling in cardiomyocytes, revealing the IR/p38/ET-1 regulatory axis in RIMF for the first time. DHA effectively inhibits fibroblast activation by targeting p38/ET-1 and can be recognized as a promising protective agent against RIMF.
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Alrasheed NM, Alammari RB, Alshammari TK, Alamin MA, Alharbi AO, Alonazi AS, Bin Dayel AF, Alrasheed NM. α1A Adrenoreceptor blockade attenuates myocardial infarction by modulating the integrin-linked kinase/TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:153. [PMID: 36964489 PMCID: PMC10037904 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is considered a public health problem. According to the World Health Organization, MI is a leading cause of death and comorbidities worldwide. Activation of the α1A adrenergic receptor is a contributing factor to the development of MI. Tamsulosin, an α1A adrenergic blocker, has gained wide popularity as a medication for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Limited evidence from previous studies has revealed the potential cardioprotective effects of tamsulosin, as its inhibitory effect on the α1A adrenoceptor protects the heart by acting on the smooth muscle of blood vessels, which results in hypotension; however, its effect on the infarcted heart is still unclear. The mechanisms of the expected cardioprotective effects mediated by tamsulosin are not yet understood. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a mediator of fibrosis, is considered an attractive therapeutic target for remodeling after MI. The role of α1A adrenoceptor inhibition or its relationships with integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and TGF-β/small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling pathways in attenuating MI are unclear. The present study was designed to investigate whether tamsulosin attenuates MI by modulating an ILK-related TGF-β/Smad pathway. Methods Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, ISO, TAM, and ISO + TAM. ISO (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was injected on Days 20 and 21 to induce MI. Tamsulosin (0.8 mg/kg, orally) was administered for 21 days, prior to ISO injection for 2 consecutive days. Heart-to-body weight ratios and cardiac and fibrotic biomarker levels were subsequently determined. ILK, TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, and collagen III protein expression levels were determined using biomolecular methods. Results Tamsulosin significantly attenuated the relative heart-to-body weight index (p < 0.5) and creatine kinase-MB level (p < 0.01) compared with those in the ISO control group. While ISO resulted in superoxide anion production and enhanced oxidative damage, tamsulosin significantly prevented this damage through antioxidant defense mechanisms, increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels (p < 0.05) and decreasing lipid peroxide oxidation levels (p < 0.01). The present data revealed that tamsulosin reduced TGF-β/p-Smad2/3 expression and enhanced ILK expression. Conclusion Tamsulosin may exert a cardioprotective effect by modulating the ILK-related TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Thus, tamsulosin may be a useful therapeutic approach for preventing MI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-023-03188-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal M. Alrasheed
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University, P.O. Box 70474, Riyadh, 11567 Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad B. Alammari
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Pharm D. Student, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani K. Alshammari
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University, P.O. Box 70474, Riyadh, 11567 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. Alamin
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University, P.O. Box 70474, Riyadh, 11567 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer O. Alharbi
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University, P.O. Box 70474, Riyadh, 11567 Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma S. Alonazi
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University, P.O. Box 70474, Riyadh, 11567 Saudi Arabia
| | - Anfal F. Bin Dayel
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University, P.O. Box 70474, Riyadh, 11567 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf M. Alrasheed
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University, P.O. Box 70474, Riyadh, 11567 Saudi Arabia
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González-Herrera F, Anfossi R, Catalán M, Gutiérrez-Figueroa R, Maya JD, Díaz-Araya G, Vivar R. Lipoxin A4 prevents high glucose-induced inflammatory response in cardiac fibroblast through FOXO1 inhibition. Cell Signal 2023; 106:110657. [PMID: 36933776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cells respond to various pathophysiological stimuli, synthesizing inflammatory molecules that allow tissue repair and proper functioning of the heart; however, perpetuation of the inflammatory response can lead to cardiac fibrosis and heart dysfunction. High concentration of glucose (HG) induces an inflammatory and fibrotic response in the heart. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are resident cells of the heart that respond to deleterious stimuli, increasing the synthesis and secretion of both fibrotic and proinflammatory molecules. The molecular mechanisms that regulate inflammation in CFs are unknown, thus, it is important to find new targets that allow improving treatments for HG-induced cardiac dysfunction. NFκB is the master regulator of inflammation, while FoxO1 is a new participant in the inflammatory response, including inflammation induced by HG; however, its role in the inflammatory response of CFs is unknown. The inflammation resolution is essential for an effective tissue repair and recovery of the organ function. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an anti-inflammatory agent with cytoprotective effects, while its cardioprotective effects have not been fully studied. Thus, in this study, we analyze the role of p65/NFκB, and FoxO1 in CFs inflammation induced by HG, evaluating the anti-inflammatory properties of LXA4. Our results demonstrated that HG induces the inflammatory response in CFs, using an in vitro and ex vivo model, while FoxO1 inhibition and silencing prevented HG effects. Additionally, LXA4 inhibited the activation of FoxO1 and p65/NFκB, and inflammation of CFs induced by HG. Therefore, our results suggest that FoxO1 and LXA4 could be novel drug targets for the treatment of HG-induced inflammatory and fibrotic disorders in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola González-Herrera
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renatto Anfossi
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mabel Catalán
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renata Gutiérrez-Figueroa
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Diego Maya
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Raúl Vivar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Nicolini G, Balzan S, Forini F. Activated fibroblasts in cardiac and cancer fibrosis: An overview of analogies and new potential therapeutic options. Life Sci 2023; 321:121575. [PMID: 36933828 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease and cancer are two major causes of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized countries, and their increasingly recognized connections are shifting the focus from single disease studies to an interdisciplinary approach. Fibroblast-mediated intercellular crosstalk is critically involved in the evolution of both pathologies. In healthy myocardium and in non-cancerous conditions, resident fibroblasts are the main cell source for synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and important sentinels of tissue integrity. In the setting of myocardial disease or cancer, quiescent fibroblasts activate, respectively, into myofibroblasts (myoFbs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), characterized by increased production of contractile proteins, and by a highly proliferative and secretory phenotype. Although the initial activation of myoFbs/CAFs is an adaptive process to repair the damaged tissue, massive deposition of ECM proteins leads to maladaptive cardiac or cancer fibrosis, a recognized marker of adverse outcome. A better understanding of the key mechanisms orchestrating fibroblast hyperactivity may help developing innovative therapeutic options to restrain myocardial or tumor stiffness and improve patient prognosis. Albeit still unappreciated, the dynamic transition of myocardial and tumor fibroblasts into myoFbs and CAFs shares several common triggers and signaling pathways relevant to TGF-β dependent cascade, metabolic reprogramming, mechanotransduction, secretory properties, and epigenetic regulation, which might lay the foundation for future antifibrotic intervention. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight emerging analogies in the molecular signature underlying myoFbs and CAFs activation with the purpose of identifying novel prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers, and to elucidate the potential of drug repositioning strategies to mitigate cardiac/cancer fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvana Balzan
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Forini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Wang J, Guo R, Ma X, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zheng N, Zhang J, Li C. Liraglutide inhibits AngII-induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation and ECM deposition through regulating miR-21/PTEN/PI3K pathway. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:125-137. [PMID: 35792987 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibrosis characterized with the aberrant proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition is a major pathophysiological feature of atrial fibrillation (AF). Liraglutide has exerted an alleviative role in various cardiovascular diseases, and can also regulate the level of microRNAs (miRNAs). It has been reported that miR-21 modulated cardiac fibrosis in AF. However, the regulative effect of liraglutide on atrial fibrosis via miR-21 and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. METHODS The atrial fibroblasts were isolated from the heart of C57BL/6 mice, and treated with Angiotensin II (AngII) and liraglutide. The proliferation, migration, and ECM deposition were determined by cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Brdu, transwell assay, cell scratch, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot and immunofluorescence. The underlying mechanism was explored after transfection of miR-21 mimics into cells. RESULTS Liraglutide inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion of fibroblast cell and ECM deposition in AngII-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Additionally, liraglutide decreased the AngII-induced increase in the expression level of miR-21, but enhanced the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a target of miR-21, thereby suppressing the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. Rescue assay confirmed that overexpression of miR-21 counteracted the ameliorative effect of liraglutide on the proliferation, migration, invasion and ECM deposition in fibroblasts stimulated by AngII. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide dampened AngII-induced proliferation and migration, and ECM deposition of cardiac fibroblast via modulating miR-21/PTEN/PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
| | - Run Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
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Nagasaka A, Terawaki T, Noda M, Takashima M, Fujino M, Yamauchi Y, Arawaka S, Kato T, Nakaya M. GRK5-mediated inflammation and fibrosis exert cardioprotective effects during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:380-391. [PMID: 36633120 PMCID: PMC9900089 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac cells at the infarcted area undergo cell death. In response, cardiac myofibroblasts, which are mainly differentiated from resident fibroblasts upon inflammation, produce extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen to fill the damaged areas of the heart to prevent cardiac rupture. In this study, we identified a cardioprotective role of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) in MI. GRK5 expression was found to increase in the mouse heart after MI and was highly expressed in cardiac fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. In fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, GRK5 promoted the expression of inflammation-related genes through nuclear factor-κB activation, leading to an increase in the expression levels of fibrosis-related genes. Bone marrow transfer experiments confirmed that GRK5 in fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, but not in infiltrated macrophages in the infarcted area, is mainly responsible for GRK5-mediated inflammation in infarcted hearts. In addition, inflammation and fibrosis at the infarcted area were significantly suppressed in GRK5 knockout mice, resulting in increased mortality compared with that in wild-type mice. These data indicate that GRK5 in cardiac fibroblasts/myofibroblasts promotes inflammation and fibrosis to ameliorate the damage after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiomi Nagasaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Terawaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Makoto Noda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Miyuki Takashima
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Mika Fujino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yuto Yamauchi
- Department of Disease control, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shigeki Arawaka
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine IVOsaka Medical CollegeJapan
| | - Takeo Kato
- Division of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Internal Medicine IIIYamagata University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Michio Nakaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Disease control, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- AMED‐PRIMEJapan Agency for Medical Research and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
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Tian G, Ren T. Mechanical stress regulates the mechanotransduction and metabolism of cardiac fibroblasts in fibrotic cardiac diseases. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151288. [PMID: 36696810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic cardiac diseases are characterized by myocardial fibrosis that results in maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are the main cell type responsible for fibrosis. In response to stress or injury, intrinsic CFs develop into myofibroblasts and produce excess extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Myofibroblasts are mechanosensitive cells that can detect changes in tissue stiffness and respond accordingly. Previous studies have revealed that some mechanical stimuli control fibroblast behaviors, including ECM formation, cell migration, and other phenotypic traits. Further, metabolic alteration is reported to regulate fibrotic signaling cascades, such as the transforming growth factor-β pathway and ECM deposition. However, the relationship between metabolic changes and mechanical stress during fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition remains unclear. This review aims to elaborate on the crosstalk between mechanical stress and metabolic changes during the pathological transition of cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geer Tian
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China; Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 66 Dongxin Road, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Tanchen Ren
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China.
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