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Bukic E, Milasin J, Toljic B, Jadzic J, Jevtovic D, Obradovic B, Dragovic G. Association between Combination Antiretroviral Therapy and Telomere Length in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1210. [PMID: 37759609 PMCID: PMC10525818 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) may be associated with accelerated ageing. Telomere length is considered to be reliable aging biomarker. The aim of this study was to compare patients' relative telomere length (RTL) between and within different cART classes and to estimate the impact of certain HIV-related variables on RTL. The study was conducted in 176 HIV-infected male patients receiving cART, with ≤50 copies HIV RNA/mL plasma. RTL was determined from mononuclear cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Standard statistical tests and unsupervised machine learning were performed. The mean RTL was 2.50 ± 1.87. There was no difference (p = 0.761) in RTL between therapeutic groups: two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors as the backbone treatment, combined with either integrase inhibitor, protease inhibitor, or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Machine learning results suggested duration of HIV infection, CD4+ T-cell count, and cART, including NNRTI, as potentially significant variables impacting RTL. Kendall's correlation test excluded duration of HIV infection (p = 0.220) and CD4+ T-cell count (p = 0.536) as significant. The Mann-Whitney test confirmed that cART containing NNRTI impacted RTL (p = 0.018). This was the first study to show that patients using efavirenz within cART had significantly shorter telomeres than patients using nevirapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Bukic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bosko Toljic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Jadzic
- Center of Bone Biology, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Jevtovic
- Infective and Tropical Diseases Hospital, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bozana Obradovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Dragovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Murayama T, Kurebayashi N, Ishida R, Kagechika H. Drug development for the treatment of RyR1-related skeletal muscle diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 69:102356. [PMID: 36842386 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) is an intracellular Ca2+ release channel on the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle, and it plays a central role in excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. Mutations in RyR1 are implicated in various muscle diseases including malignant hyperthermia, central core disease, and myopathies. Currently, no specific treatment exists for most of these diseases. Recently, high-throughput screening (HTS) assays have been developed for identifying potential candidates for treating RyR-related muscle diseases. Currently, two different methods, namely a FRET-based assay and an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-based assay, are available. These assays identified several compounds as novel RyR1 inhibitors. In addition, the development of a reconstituted platform permitted HTS assays for E-C coupling modulators. In this review, we will focus on recent progress in HTS assays and discuss future perspectives of these promising approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nagomi Kurebayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ishida
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ Buffer Proteins: A Focus on the Yet-To-Be-Explored Role of Sarcalumenin in Skeletal Muscle Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050715. [PMID: 36899851 PMCID: PMC10000884 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcalumenin (SAR) is a luminal Ca2+ buffer protein with high capacity but low affinity for calcium binding found predominantly in the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles and the heart. Together with other luminal Ca2+ buffer proteins, SAR plays a critical role in modulation of Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ release during excitation-contraction coupling in muscle fibers. SAR appears to be important in a wide range of other physiological functions, such as Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) stabilization, Store-Operated-Calcium-Entry (SOCE) mechanisms, muscle fatigue resistance and muscle development. The function and structural features of SAR are very similar to those of calsequestrin (CSQ), the most abundant and well-characterized Ca2+ buffer protein of junctional SR. Despite the structural and functional similarity, very few targeted studies are available in the literature. The present review provides an overview of the role of SAR in skeletal muscle physiology, as well as of its possible involvement and dysfunction in muscle wasting disorders, in order to summarize the current knowledge on SAR and drive attention to this important but still underinvestigated/neglected protein.
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Rossi D, Catallo MR, Pierantozzi E, Sorrentino V. Mutations in proteins involved in E-C coupling and SOCE and congenital myopathies. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213407. [PMID: 35980353 PMCID: PMC9391951 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, Ca2+ necessary for muscle contraction is stored and released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum through the mechanism known as excitation–contraction (E-C) coupling. Following activation of skeletal muscle contraction by the E-C coupling mechanism, replenishment of intracellular stores requires reuptake of cytosolic Ca2+ into the SR by the activity of SR Ca2+-ATPases, but also Ca2+ entry from the extracellular space, through a mechanism called store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). The fine orchestration of these processes requires several proteins, including Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ sensors, and Ca2+ buffers, as well as the active involvement of mitochondria. Mutations in genes coding for proteins participating in E-C coupling and SOCE are causative of several myopathies characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes, a variety of histological features, and alterations in intracellular Ca2+ balance. This review summarizes current knowledge on these myopathies and discusses available knowledge on the pathogenic mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Program of Molecular Diagnosis and Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Rare Genetic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Catallo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Pierantozzi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Program of Molecular Diagnosis and Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Rare Genetic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
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Bertorini TE, Finder JD, Bassam BA. Perioperative Management of Patients With Neuromuscular Disorders. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-71317-7.00010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
We sought to review the effects of statins on the ryanodine receptor (RyR) and on RyR-associated diseases, with an emphasis on catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Statins can affect skeletal muscle and produce statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) but have no adverse effects on cardiac muscle. These contrasting effects may be due to differences in how statins affect the skeletal (RyR1) and cardiac (RyR2) RyR. We searched PubMed to identify English language articles reporting the pathophysiology of the RyR, the effect of statins on RyR function, and on RyR-associated genetic diseases. We selected 150 articles for abstract review, 96 of which provided sufficient information to be included and were reviewed in detail. Fifteen articles highlighted the interaction of statins with the RyR. Nine identified the interaction of statins with RyR1, six addressed the interaction of statins with RyR2, 13 suggested that statins reduce ventricular arrhythmias (VA), and seven suggested that statins increase the risk of malignant hyperthermia (MH). In general, statins increase RyR1 and decrease RyR2 activity. We identified no articles examining the effect of statins on CPVT, a condition often caused by defects in RyR2. Statins appear to increase the risk of MH and decrease the risk of ventricular arrhythmia. The effect of statins on CPVT has not been directly examined, but statins' reduction in RyR2 function and their apparent reduction in VA suggest that they may be beneficial in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Haseeb
- Division of Cardiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Paul D Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
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A novel RyR1-selective inhibitor prevents and rescues sudden death in mouse models of malignant hyperthermia and heat stroke. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4293. [PMID: 34257294 PMCID: PMC8277899 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1), a Ca2+ release channel in skeletal muscle, hyperactivate the channel to cause malignant hyperthermia (MH) and are implicated in severe heat stroke. Dantrolene, the only approved drug for MH, has the disadvantages of having very poor water solubility and long plasma half-life. We show here that an oxolinic acid-derivative RyR1-selective inhibitor, 6,7-(methylenedioxy)-1-octyl-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid (Compound 1, Cpd1), effectively prevents and treats MH and heat stroke in several mouse models relevant to MH. Cpd1 reduces resting intracellular Ca2+, inhibits halothane- and isoflurane-induced Ca2+ release, suppresses caffeine-induced contracture in skeletal muscle, reduces sarcolemmal cation influx, and prevents or reverses the fulminant MH crisis induced by isoflurane anesthesia and rescues animals from heat stroke caused by environmental heat stress. Notably, Cpd1 has great advantages of better water solubility and rapid clearance in vivo over dantrolene. Cpd1 has the potential to be a promising candidate for effective treatment of patients carrying RyR1 mutations. Mutations in ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), a Ca2+ release channel in skeletal muscle, cause malignant hyperthermia (MH) and are involved in heat stroke. Here, the authors show that an oxolinic acid-derivative RyR1 inhibitor effectively prevents and treats MH and heat stroke in various MH mouse models.
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Michelucci A, Liang C, Protasi F, Dirksen RT. Altered Ca 2+ Handling and Oxidative Stress Underlie Mitochondrial Damage and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Aging and Disease. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070424. [PMID: 34203260 PMCID: PMC8304741 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contraction relies on both high-fidelity calcium (Ca2+) signals and robust capacity for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation. Ca2+ release units (CRUs) are highly organized junctions between the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the transverse tubule (T-tubule). CRUs provide the structural framework for rapid elevations in myoplasmic Ca2+ during excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, the process whereby depolarization of the T-tubule membrane triggers SR Ca2+ release through ryanodine receptor-1 (RyR1) channels. Under conditions of local or global depletion of SR Ca2+ stores, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) provides an additional source of Ca2+ that originates from the extracellular space. In addition to Ca2+, skeletal muscle also requires ATP to both produce force and to replenish SR Ca2+ stores. Mitochondria are the principal intracellular organelles responsible for ATP production via aerobic respiration. This review provides a broad overview of the literature supporting a role for impaired Ca2+ handling, dysfunctional Ca2+-dependent production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and structural/functional alterations in CRUs and mitochondria in the loss of muscle mass, reduction in muscle contractility, and increase in muscle damage in sarcopenia and a wide range of muscle disorders including muscular dystrophy, rhabdomyolysis, central core disease, and disuse atrophy. Understanding the impact of these processes on normal muscle function will provide important insights into potential therapeutic targets designed to prevent or reverse muscle dysfunction during aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Michelucci
- DNICS, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.); (R.T.D.)
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Robert T. Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.); (R.T.D.)
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Mukund K, Subramaniam S. Skeletal muscle: A review of molecular structure and function, in health and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1462. [PMID: 31407867 PMCID: PMC6916202 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research in skeletal muscle physiology have provided multiscale insights into the structural and functional complexity of this important anatomical tissue, designed to accomplish the task of generating contraction, force and movement. Skeletal muscle can be viewed as a biomechanical device with various interacting components including the autonomic nerves for impulse transmission, vasculature for efficient oxygenation, and embedded regulatory and metabolic machinery for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The "omics" revolution has propelled a new era in muscle research, allowing us to discern minute details of molecular cross-talk required for effective coordination between the myriad interacting components for efficient muscle function. The objective of this review is to provide a systems-level, comprehensive mapping the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle structure and function, in health and disease. We begin this review with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying muscle tissue development (myogenesis), with an emphasis on satellite cells and muscle regeneration. We next review the molecular structure and mechanisms underlying the many structural components of the muscle: neuromuscular junction, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and vasculature surrounding muscle. We highlight aberrant molecular mechanisms and their possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance. We particularly emphasize the impact of environmental stressors (inflammation and oxidative stress) in contributing to muscle pathophysiology including atrophy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Mukund
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, Bioinformatics & Systems BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
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Chen J, Xue R, Li L, Xiao LL, Shangguan J, Zhang W, Bai X, Liu G, Li L. Panax Notoginseng Saponins Protect Cardiac Myocytes Against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Associated Apoptosis Through Mediation of Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1013. [PMID: 31616293 PMCID: PMC6764115 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been demonstrated to play important roles in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. The ER stress pathway is therefore a promising therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Although Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are one of the patent medicines that are traditionally used to treat cardiovascular disorders, their effects on ER stress in cardiac myocytes remain unexploited so far. This study investigates the effects of PNS on ER stress and its associated cell apoptosis along with the related mechanism in cardiac myocytes. PNS compounds were identified via high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) assay. PNS-pretreated H9c2 cells, HL-1 cells, and primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with thapsigargin (TG) to induce ER stress response and apoptosis. ER stress response was tested by immunofluorescence or immunoblot of the ER protein chaperones—calnexin, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Cell viability was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by immunoblot of Cleaved caspase-3 and flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Cytosolic, mitochondrial, and ER calcium dynamics were investigated by calcium imaging. Moreover, a ryanodine receptor type-2 (RyR2) overexpression stable cell line was generated to verify the mechanism of RyR2 involved in PNS in the inhibition of ER stress and cell apoptosis. We demonstrate here that PNS protected cardiac myocytes from ER stress response and associated cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, PNS reduced the elevation of cytosolic calcium, mitochondria calcium, as well as ER calcium in response to either TG or histamine treatment. PNS protection in ER stress was regulated by RyR2 expression. In summary, PNS protection against TG-induced ER stress response and its associated cell apoptosis in cardiac myocytes is calcium dependent. Through the regulation of ER calcium release mediated by RyR2, a novel mechanism for PNS in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases is thereby identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Li Xiao
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Shangguan
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Bai
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gangqiong Liu
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Vasculocardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Cao J, Zhu Q, Liu L, Glazier BJ, Hinkel BC, Liang C, Shi H. Global Transcriptome Analysis of Brown Adipose Tissue of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041095. [PMID: 29642370 PMCID: PMC5979511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes the development of obesity, a disease resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has thermogenic capacity that burns calories to produce heat, and it is a potential target for the treatment and prevention of obesity. There is limited information regarding the impact of HFD on the BAT transcriptome. We hypothesized that HFD-induced obesity would lead to transcriptional regulation of BAT genes. RNA sequencing was used to generate global transcriptome profiles from BAT of lean mice fed with a low-fat diet (LFD) and obese mice fed with a HFD. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis identified increased expression of genes involved in biological processes (BP) related to immune responses, which enhanced molecular function (MF) in chemokine activity; decreased expression of genes involved in BP related to ion transport and muscle structure development, which reduced MF in channel and transporter activity and structural binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional pathway analysis indicated that pathways associated with innate immunity were enhanced by HFD, while pathways associated with muscle contraction and calcium signaling were suppressed by HFD. Collectively, these results suggest that diet-induced obesity changes transcriptomic signatures of BAT, leading to dysfunction involving inflammation, calcium signaling, ion transport, and cell structural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cao
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Qi Zhu
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Lin Liu
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Bradley J Glazier
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Hinkel
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Chun Liang
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Haifei Shi
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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Sárközi S, Komáromi I, Jóna I, Almássy J. Lanthanides Report Calcium Sensor in the Vestibule of Ryanodine Receptor. Biophys J 2017; 112:2127-2137. [PMID: 28538150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ regulates ryanodine receptor's (RyR) activity through an activating and an inhibiting Ca2+-binding site located on the cytoplasmic side of the RyR channel. Their altered sensitivity plays an important role in the pathology of malignant hyperthermia and heart failure. We used lanthanide ions (Ln3+) as probes to investigate the Ca2+ sensors of RyR, because they specifically bind to Ca2+-binding proteins and they are impermeable to the channel. Eu3+'s and Sm3+'s action was tested on single RyR1 channels reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers. When the activating binding site was saturated by 50 μM Ca2+, Ln3+ potently inhibited RyR's open probability (Kd Eu3+ = 167 ± 5 nM and Kd Sm3+ = 63 ± 3 nM), but in nominally 0 [Ca2+], low [Eu3+] activated the channel. These results suggest that Ln3+ acts as an agonist of both Ca2+-binding sites. More importantly, the voltage-dependent characteristics of Ln3+'s action led to the conclusion that the activating Ca2+ binding site is located within the electrical field of the channel (in the vestibule). This idea was tested by applying the pore blocker toxin maurocalcine on the cytoplasmic side of RyR. These experiments showed that RyR lost reactivity to changing cytosolic [Ca2+] from 50 μM to 100 nM when the toxin occupied the vestibule. These results suggest that maurocalcine mechanically prevented Ca2+ from dissociating from its binding site and support our vestibular Ca2+ sensor-model further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Sárközi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Komáromi
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Jóna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Mind the magnesium, in dantrolene suppression of malignant hyperthermia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4576-4578. [PMID: 28442565 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Hartmann N, Pabel S, Herting J, Schatter F, Renner A, Gummert J, Schotola H, Danner BC, Maier LS, Frey N, Hasenfuss G, Fischer TH, Sossalla S. Antiarrhythmic effects of dantrolene in human diseased cardiomyocytes. Heart Rhythm 2016; 14:412-419. [PMID: 27650424 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac type 2 ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) play a pivotal role in cellular electrophysiology and contractility. Increased RyR2-mediated diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release is linked to heart failure (HF) and arrhythmias. Dantrolene, a drug used for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia, is known to stabilize RyRs in skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dantrolene on arrhythmogenic triggers and contractile function in human atrial fibrillation (AF) and HF cardiomyocytes (CM). METHODS Human CM were isolated from either patients with HF (ventricular) or patients with AF (atrial), and Ca2+ imaging, patch-clamp, or muscle strip experiments were performed. RESULTS After exposure to dantrolene, human atrial AF and left ventricular HF CM showed significant reductions in proarrhythmic SR Ca2+ spark frequency and diastolic SR Ca2+ leak. Moreover, dantrolene decreased the frequency of Ca2+ waves and spontaneous Ca2+ transients in HF CM. Patch-clamp experiments revealed that dantrolene significantly suppressed delayed afterdepolarizations in HF and AF CM. Importantly, dantrolene had no effect on action potential duration in AF or in HF CM. In addition, dantrolene had neutral effects on contractile force of human isometrically twitching ventricular HF trabeculae. CONCLUSION Our study showed that dantrolene beneficially influenced disrupted SR Ca2+ homeostasis in human HF and AF CM. Cellular arrhythmogenic triggers were potently suppressed by dantrolene, whereas action potential duration and contractility were not affected. As a clinically approved drug for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia, dantrolene may be a potential antiarrhythmic drug for patients with rhythm disorders and merits further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hartmann
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Pabel
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Herting
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Schatter
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - André Renner
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jan Gummert
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Hanna Schotola
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard C Danner
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III: Cardiology and Angiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Fischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III: Cardiology and Angiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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15
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16
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Gillies RL, Bjorksten AR, Du Sart D, Hockey BM. Analysis of the entire ryanodine receptor type 1 and alpha 1 subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor (CACNA1S) coding regions for variants associated with malignant hyperthermia in Australian families. Anaesth Intensive Care 2015; 43:157-66. [PMID: 25735680 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1504300204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the genes coding for the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RYR1) and alpha 1 subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor (CACNA1S) have been identified as causative for malignant hyperthermia (MH). Sixty-two MH susceptible individuals presenting to the same diagnostic centre had copy deoxyribonucleic acid, derived from muscle ribonucleic acid, sequenced to identify variants with the potential to be responsible for the MH phenotype in both RYR1 and CACNA1S. These genetic findings were combined with clinical episode details and in vitro contracture test results to improve our understanding of the Australian MH cohort. Twelve novel variants were identified in RYR1 and six in CACNA1S. Known RYR1 causative mutations were identified in six persons and novel variants in RYR1 and CACNA1S in a further 17 persons. Trends indicated higher mutation identification in those with more definitive clinical episodes and stronger in vitro contracture test responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Gillies
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria
| | - A R Bjorksten
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria
| | - D Du Sart
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Parkville, Victoria
| | - B M Hockey
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria
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17
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Lotteau S, Ducreux S, Romestaing C, Legrand C, Van Coppenolle F. Characterization of functional TRPV1 channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of mouse skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58673. [PMID: 23536811 PMCID: PMC3594164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV1 represents a non-selective cation channel activated by capsaicin, acidosis and high temperature. In the central nervous system where TRPV1 is highly expressed, its physiological role in nociception is clearly identified. In skeletal muscle, TRPV1 appears implicated in energy metabolism and exercise endurance. However, how as a Ca(2+) channel, it contributes to intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) maintenance and muscle contraction remains unknown. Here, as in rats, we report that TRPV1 is functionally expressed in mouse skeletal muscle. In contrast to earlier reports, our analysis show TRPV1 presence only at the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane (preferably at the longitudinal part) in the proximity of SERCA1 pumps. Using intracellular Ca(2+) imaging, we directly accessed to the channel functionality in intact FDB mouse fibers. Capsaicin and resiniferatoxin, both agonists as well as high temperature (45°C) elicited an increase in [Ca(2+)]i. TRPV1-inhibition by capsazepine resulted in a strong inhibition of TRPV1-mediated functional responses and abolished channel activation. Blocking the SR release (with ryanodine or dantrolene) led to a reduced capsaicin-induced Ca(2+) elevation suggesting that TRPV1 may participate to a secondary SR Ca(2+) liberation of greater amplitude. In conclusion, our experiments point out that TRPV1 is a functional SR Ca(2+) leak channel and may crosstalk with RyR1 in adult mouse muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Lotteau
- Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5534, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN-“Equipe 5”, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Ducreux
- Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5534, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN-“Equipe 5”, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Romestaing
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon 1, UMR 5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, ENTPE, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claude Legrand
- Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5534, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Van Coppenolle
- Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5534, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN-“Equipe 5”, Lyon, France
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18
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Sharma P, Ishiyama N, Nair U, Li W, Dong A, Miyake T, Wilson A, Ryan T, MacLennan DH, Kislinger T, Ikura M, Dhe-Paganon S, Gramolini AO. Structural determination of the phosphorylation domain of the ryanodine receptor. FEBS J 2012; 279:3952-64. [PMID: 22913516 PMCID: PMC3712973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The ryanodine receptor (RyR) is a large, homotetrameric sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that is essential for Ca(2+) cycling in both skeletal and cardiac muscle. Genetic mutations in RyR1 are associated with severe conditions including malignant hyperthermia (MH) and central core disease. One phosphorylation site (Ser 2843) has been identified in a segment of RyR1 flanked by two RyR motifs, which are found exclusively in all RyR isoforms as closely associated tandem (or paired) motifs, and are named after the protein itself. These motifs also contain six known MH mutations. In this study, we designed, expressed and purified the tandem RyR motifs, and show that this domain contains a putative binding site for the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase β isoform. We present a 2.2 Å resolution crystal structure of the RyR domain revealing a two-fold, symmetric, extended four-helix bundle stabilized by a β sheet. Using mathematical modelling, we fit our crystal structure within a tetrameric electron microscopy (EM) structure of native RyR1, and propose that this domain is localized in the RyR clamp region, which is absent in its cousin protein inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Sharma
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Maxwell JT, Domeier TL, Blatter LA. Dantrolene prevents arrhythmogenic Ca2+ release in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H953-63. [PMID: 22180651 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00936.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In heart failure (HF), arrhythmogenic Ca(2+) release and chronic Ca(2+) depletion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) arise due to altered function of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) SR Ca(2+)-release channel. Dantrolene, a therapeutic agent used to treat malignant hyperthermia associated with mutations of the skeletal muscle type 1 RyR (RyR1), has recently been suggested to have effects on the cardiac type 2 RyR (RyR2). In this investigation, we tested the hypothesis that dantrolene exerts antiarrhythmic and inotropic effects on HF ventricular myocytes by examining multiple aspects of intracellular Ca(2+) handling. In normal rabbit myocytes, dantrolene (1 μM) had no effect on SR Ca(2+) load, postrest decay of SR Ca(2+) content, the threshold for spontaneous Ca(2+) wave initiation (i.e., the SR Ca(2+) content at which spontaneous waves initiate) and Ca(2+) spark frequency. In cardiomyocytes from failing rabbit hearts, SR Ca(2+) load and the wave initiation threshold were decreased compared with normal myocytes, Ca(2+) spark frequency was increased, and the postrest decay was potentiated. Using a novel approach of measuring cytosolic and intra-SR Ca(2+) concentration (using the low-affinity Ca(2+) indicator fluo-5N entrapped within the SR), we showed that treatment of HF cardiomyocytes with dantrolene rescued postrest decay and increased the wave initiation threshold. Additionally, dantrolene decreased Ca(2+) spark frequency while increasing the SR Ca(2+) content in HF myocytes. These data suggest that dantrolene exerts antiarrhythmic effects and preserves inotropy in HF cardiomyocytes by decreasing the incidence of diastolic Ca(2+) sparks, increasing the intra-SR Ca(2+) threshold at which spontaneous Ca(2+) waves occur, and decreasing the loss of Ca(2+) from the SR. Furthermore, the observation that dantrolene reduces arrhythmogenicity while at the same time preserves inotropy suggests that dantrolene is a potentially useful drug in the treatment of arrhythmia associated with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Maxwell
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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20
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The withdrawal of cerivastatin involved an uncommon but serious adverse reaction, rhabdomyolysis. The bimodal response, rhabdomyolysis in a small proportion of users, points to genetic factors as a potential cause. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate genetic markers for cerivastatin-associated rhabdomyolysis. METHODS This study had two components: a candidate gene study to evaluate variants in CYP2C8, UGT1A1, UGT1A3, and SLCO1B1; and a genome-wide association study to identify risk factors in other regions of the genome. A total of 185 rhabdomyolysis cases were frequency matched to statin-using controls from the Cardiovascular Health Study (n=374) and the Heart and Vascular Health Study (n=358). Validation relied on functional studies. RESULTS Permutation test results suggested an association between cerivastatin-associated rhabdomyolysis and variants in SLCO1B1 (P=0.002), but not variants in CYP2C8 (P=0.073) or UGTs (P=0.523). An additional copy of the minor allele of SLCO1B1 rs4149056 (p.Val174Ala) was associated with the risk of rhabdomyolysis (odds ratio: 1.89; 95% confidence interval: 1.40-2.56). In transfected cells, this variant reduced cerivastatin transport by 40% compared with the reference transporter (P<0.001). The genome-wide association study identified an intronic variant (rs2819742) in the ryanodine receptor 2 gene (RYR2) as significant (P=1.74E-07). An additional copy of the minor allele of the RYR2 variant was associated with a reduced risk of rhabdomyolysis (odds ratio: 0.48; 95% confidence interval: 0.36-0.63). CONCLUSION We identified modest genetic risk factors for an extreme response to cerivastatin. Disabling genetic variants in the candidate genes were not responsible for the bimodal response to cerivastatin.
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21
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Capes EM, Loaiza R, Valdivia HH. Ryanodine receptors. Skelet Muscle 2011; 1:18. [PMID: 21798098 PMCID: PMC3156641 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitation-contraction coupling involves the faithful conversion of electrical stimuli to mechanical shortening in striated muscle cells, enabled by the ubiquitous second messenger, calcium. Crucial to this process are ryanodine receptors (RyRs), the sentinels of massive intracellular calcium stores contained within the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In response to sarcolemmal depolarization, RyRs release calcium into the cytosol, facilitating mobilization of the myofilaments and enabling cell contraction. In order for the cells to relax, calcium must be rapidly resequestered or extruded from the cytosol. The sustainability of this cycle is crucially dependent upon precise regulation of RyRs by numerous cytosolic metabolites and by proteins within the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and those directly associated with the receptors in a macromolecular complex. In addition to providing the majority of the calcium necessary for contraction of cardiac and skeletal muscle, RyRs act as molecular switchboards that integrate a multitude of cytosolic signals such as dynamic and steady calcium fluctuations, β-adrenergic stimulation (phosphorylation), nitrosylation and metabolic states, and transduce these signals to the channel pore to release appropriate amounts of calcium. Indeed, dysregulation of calcium release via RyRs is associated with life-threatening diseases in both skeletal and cardiac muscle. In this paper, we briefly review some of the most outstanding structural and functional attributes of RyRs and their mechanism of regulation. Further, we address pathogenic RyR dysfunction implicated in cardiovascular disease and skeletal myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Michelle Capes
- Department of Cellular and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
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22
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MacLennan DH, Zvaritch E. Mechanistic models for muscle diseases and disorders originating in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:948-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Ryanodine receptor type 1 gene mutations found in the Canadian malignant hyperthermia population. Can J Anaesth 2011; 58:504-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-011-9494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Ryan T, Sharma P, Ignatchenko A, MacLennan DH, Kislinger T, Gramolini AO. Identification of novel ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) protein interaction with calcium homeostasis endoplasmic reticulum protein (CHERP). J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17060-8. [PMID: 21454501 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.197186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) is a homotetrameric Ca(2+) release channel located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle where it plays a role in the initiation of skeletal muscle contraction. A soluble, 6×-histidine affinity-tagged cytosolic fragment of RyR1 (amino acids 1-4243) was expressed in HEK-293 cells, and metal affinity chromatography under native conditions was used to purify the peptide together with interacting proteins. When analyzed by gel-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), 703 proteins were identified under all conditions. This group of proteins was filtered to identify putative RyR interacting proteins by removing those proteins found in only 1 RyR purification and proteins for which average spectral counts were enriched by less than 4-fold over control values. This resulted in 49 potential RyR1 interacting proteins, and 4 were selected for additional interaction studies: calcium homeostasis endoplasmic reticulum protein (CHERP), endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment 53-kDa protein (LMAN1), T-complex protein, and phosphorylase kinase. Western blotting showed that only CHERP co-purified with affinity-tagged RyR1 and was eluted with imidazole. Immunofluorescence showed that endogenous CHERP co-localizes with endogenous RyR1 in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rat soleus muscle. A combination of overexpression of RyR1 in HEK-293 cells with siRNA-mediated suppression of CHERP showed that CHERP affects Ca(2+) release from the ER via RyR1. Thus, we propose that CHERP is an RyR1 interacting protein that may be involved in the regulation of excitation-contraction coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Ryan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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25
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Giulivi C, Ross-Inta C, Omanska-Klusek A, Napoli E, Sakaguchi D, Barrientos G, Allen PD, Pessah IN. Basal bioenergetic abnormalities in skeletal muscle from ryanodine receptor malignant hyperthermia-susceptible R163C knock-in mice. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:99-113. [PMID: 20978128 PMCID: PMC3013050 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.153247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) and central core disease in humans have been associated with mutations in the skeletal ryanodine receptor (RyR1). Heterozygous mice expressing the human MH/central core disease RyR1 R163C mutation exhibit MH when exposed to halothane or heat stress. Considering that many MH symptoms resemble those that could ensue from a mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g. metabolic acidosis and hyperthermia) and that MH-susceptible mice or humans have a higher than normal cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration at rest, we evaluated the role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle from R163C compared with wild type mice under basal (untriggered) conditions. R163C skeletal muscle exhibited a significant increase in matrix Ca(2+), increased reactive oxygen species production, lower expression of mitochondrial proteins, and higher mtDNA copy number. These changes, in conjunction with lower myoglobin and glycogen contents, Myh4 and GAPDH transcript levels, GAPDH activity, and lower glucose utilization suggested a switch to a compromised bioenergetic state characterized by both low oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. The shift in bioenergetic state was accompanied by a dysregulation of Ca(2+)-responsive signaling pathways regulated by calcineurin and ERK1/2. Chronically elevated resting Ca(2+) in R163C skeletal muscle elicited the maintenance of a fast-twitch fiber program and the development of insulin resistance-like phenotype as part of a metabolic adaptation to the R163C RyR1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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26
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Chen XH, Zeng DG, Ma N. Cloning, partial sequence, and single-nucleotide polymorphism of the ryanodine receptor gene of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Penaeidae). GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2010; 9:2406-11. [PMID: 21161889 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-4gmr976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel is a large protein that plays an essential role in muscle contraction; mutations in the ryanodine receptor gene affect sensitivity to stress. As a first step towards investigating the relationship between the ryanodine receptor and shrimp cramped muscle syndrome, we cloned, partially sequenced, and examined single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ryanodine receptor gene of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The nucleotide sequence of a 15.06-kb L. vannamei genomic DNA segment containing a partial ryanodine receptor gene sequence was determined (deposited in GenBank nucleotide database: HM367069). Direct sequencing of PCR-amplified ryanodine receptor exons with their intron-flanking regions in 10 cramped muscle syndrome shrimp and 10 healthy shrimp, revealed seven SNPs. Five of them (1713A/G, 1749T/C, 1755T/C, 3965G/A, and 8737C/T) are located in exons; however, they appear to be neutral (synonymous), since they do not alter the encoded amino acid. The other SNPs (1553C/T and 13337A/G) are in introns. The SNPs identified in the ryanodine receptor gene could be useful for association studies aimed at determining the physiological role of the ryanodine receptor in cramped muscle syndrome of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Chen
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Research Institute of Guangxi, Nanning, China
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27
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Schreuder LTW, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG, de Hair A, Peters G, Wortmann S, Bok LA, Morava E. Successful use of albuterol in a patient with central core disease and mitochondrial dysfunction. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33 Suppl 3:S205-9. [PMID: 20443062 PMCID: PMC3757256 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Albuterol, a selective beta-adrenergic agonist, has been used experimentally in combination with exercise therapy in a few inherited neuromuscular disorders to increase muscle strength and muscle volume . We report on a 9-year-old boy with central core disease and mitochondrial dysfunction due to compound heterozygous RYR1 mutations receiving albuterol treatment for 1 year. Throughout the period of albuterol administration, the patient underwent an aerobic exercise regime of training sessions three times a week that lasted 20 min each. No side effects of albuterol use were seen. Significant clinical progress, including self care, sitting up, raising arms above the shoulders, independent feeding, and better speech and writing were observed compared with minimal development of these abilities in the previous years on physiotherapy. Improved forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) score was detected and increased muscle strength was noted: progress was measured using various functional tests and assessment scales. The only complication observed was a mild progression of the joint contractures, possibly due to an unbalance between the flexor and extensor musculature. In general, in this pilot study in a complex case of metabolic myopathy our patient has shown promising results following albuterol treatment and aerobic exercise therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. T. W. Schreuder
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - A. de Hair
- Pediatric Department, Máxima Medical Center Veldhoven, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - G. Peters
- Department of Paediatric Physical Therapy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S. Wortmann
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L. A. Bok
- Pediatric Department, Máxima Medical Center Veldhoven, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. Morava
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Wei L, Dirksen RT. Ryanodinopathies: RyR-Linked Muscle Diseases. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2010; 66:139-67. [PMID: 22353479 DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(10)66007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
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29
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Betzenhauser MJ, Marks AR. Ryanodine receptor channelopathies. Pflugers Arch 2010; 460:467-80. [PMID: 20179962 PMCID: PMC2885589 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyR) are intracellular Ca2+-permeable channels that provide the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release required for skeletal and cardiac muscle contractions. RyR1 underlies skeletal muscle contraction, and RyR2 fulfills this role in cardiac muscle. Over the past 20 years, numerous mutations in both RyR isoforms have been identified and linked to skeletal and cardiac diseases. Malignant hyperthermia, central core disease, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia have been genetically linked to mutations in either RyR1 or RyR2. Thus, RyR channelopathies are both of interest because they cause significant human diseases and provide model systems that can be studied to elucidate important structure-function relationships of these ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Betzenhauser
- Department of Physiology, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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30
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Novel SNPs of the bovine CACNA2D1 gene and their association with carcass and meat quality traits. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:365-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Genetic Polymorphisms of the CACNA2D1 Gene and Their Association with Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Cattle. Biochem Genet 2010; 48:751-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-010-9357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Elsayed EF, Reilly RF. Rhabdomyolysis: a review, with emphasis on the pediatric population. Pediatr Nephrol 2010; 25:7-18. [PMID: 19529963 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-009-1223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is a common clinical syndrome and accounts for 7% of all cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the USA. It can result from a wide variety of disorders, such as trauma, exercise, medications and infection, but in the pediatric population, infection and inherited disorders are the most common causes of rhabdomyolysis. Approximately half of patients with rhabdomyolysis present with the triad of myalgias, weakness and dark urine. The clinical suspicion, especially in the setting of trauma or drugs, is supported by elevated creatinine kinase levels and confirmed by the measurement of myoglobin levels in serum or urine. Muscle biopsy and genetic testing should be performed if rhabdomyolysis is recurrent or metabolic myopathy is suspected. Early recognition is important to prevent AKI through the use of aggressive hydration. Prevention is important in patients with inherited forms, but novel therapies may be developed with the better understanding of the pathophysiology and genetics of rhabdomyolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam F Elsayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, VA North Texas Health Care System, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
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33
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MacLennan DH, Chen SRW. Store overload-induced Ca2+ release as a triggering mechanism for CPVT and MH episodes caused by mutations in RYR and CASQ genes. J Physiol 2009; 587:3113-5. [PMID: 19567749 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.172155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David H MacLennan
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, C. H. Best Institute, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
Calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) was first discovered in skeletal muscle. CICR is defined as Ca2+ release by the action of Ca2+ alone without the simultaneous action of other activating processes. CICR is biphasically dependent on Ca2+ concentration; is inhibited by Mg2+, procaine, and tetracaine; and is potentiated by ATP, other adenine compounds, and caffeine. With depolarization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), a potential change of the SR membrane in which the luminal side becomes more negative, CICR is activated for several seconds and is then inactivated. All three types of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) show CICR activity. At least one RyR, RyR1, also shows non-CICR Ca2+ release, such as that triggered by the t-tubule voltage sensor, by clofibric acid, and by SR depolarization. Maximum rates of CICR, at the optimal Ca2+ concentration in the presence of physiological levels of ATP and Mg2+ determined in skinned fibers and fragmented SR, are much lower than the rate of physiological Ca2+ release. The primary event of physiological Ca2+ release, the Ca2+ spark, is the simultaneous opening of multiple channels, the coordinating mechanism of which does not appear to be CICR because of the low probability of CICR opening under physiological conditions. The coordination may require Ca2+, but in that case, some other stimulus or stimuli must be provided simultaneously, which is not CICR by definition. Thus CICR does not appear to contribute significantly to physiological Ca2+ release. On the other hand, CICR appears to play a key role in caffeine contracture and malignant hyperthermia. The potentiation of voltage-activated Ca2+ release by caffeine, however, does not seem to occur through secondary CICR, although the site where caffeine potentiates voltage-activated Ca2+ release might be the same site where caffeine potentiates CICR.
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35
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Shirabe T. Muscle biopsy of a 15‐year‐old boy with muscle atrophy and weakness of the extremities from infancy. Neuropathology 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2001.00371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Shirabe
- Division of Neuropathology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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36
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Jiang D, Chen W, Xiao J, Wang R, Kong H, Jones PP, Zhang L, Fruen B, Chen SRW. Reduced threshold for luminal Ca2+ activation of RyR1 underlies a causal mechanism of porcine malignant hyperthermia. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:20813-20. [PMID: 18505726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801944200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring mutations in the skeletal muscle Ca(2+) release channel/ryanodine receptor RyR1 are linked to malignant hyperthermia (MH), a life-threatening complication of general anesthesia. Although it has long been recognized that MH results from uncontrolled or spontaneous Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, how MH RyR1 mutations render the sarcoplasmic reticulum susceptible to volatile anesthetic-induced spontaneous Ca(2+) release is unclear. Here we investigated the impact of the porcine MH mutation, R615C, the human equivalent of which also causes MH, on the intrinsic properties of the RyR1 channel and the propensity for spontaneous Ca(2+) release during store Ca(2+) overload, a process we refer to as store overload-induced Ca(2+) release (SOICR). Single channel analyses revealed that the R615C mutation markedly enhanced the luminal Ca(2+) activation of RyR1. Moreover, HEK293 cells expressing the R615C mutant displayed a reduced threshold for SOICR compared with cells expressing wild type RyR1. Furthermore, the MH-triggering agent, halothane, potentiated the response of RyR1 to luminal Ca(2+) and SOICR. Conversely, dantrolene, an effective treatment for MH, suppressed SOICR in HEK293 cells expressing the R615C mutant, but not in cells expressing an RyR2 mutant. These data suggest that the R615C mutation confers MH susceptibility by reducing the threshold for luminal Ca(2+) activation and SOICR, whereas volatile anesthetics trigger MH by further reducing the threshold, and dantrolene suppresses MH by increasing the SOICR threshold. Together, our data support a view in which altered luminal Ca(2+) regulation of RyR1 represents a primary causal mechanism of MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Jiang
- Libin Cardiovascular Institutes of Alberta, Department of Physiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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37
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Fang X, Xu N, Ren S. Cloning, sequencing and identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms of partial sequence on the porcine CACNA1S gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 51:317-25. [PMID: 18368309 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-008-0046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CACNA1S gene encodes the alpha1 subunit of the calcium channel. The mutation of CACNA1S gene can cause hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoKPP) and maliglant hyperthermia synarome (MHS) in human beings. Current research on CACNA1S was mainly in human being and model animal, but rarely in livestock and poultry. In this study, Yorkshire pigs (23), Pietrain pigs (30), Jinhua pigs (115) and the second generation (126) of crossbred of Jinhua and Pietrain were used. Primers were designed according to the sequence of human CACNA1S gene and PCR was carried out using pig genome DNA. PCR products were sequenced and compared with that of human, and then single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated by PCR-SSCP, while PCR-RFLP tests were performed to validate the mutations. Results indicated: (1) the 5211 bp DNA fragments of porcine CACNA1S gene were acquired (GenBank accession number: DQ767693 ) and the identity of the exon region was 82.6% between human and pig; (2) fifty-seven mutations were found within the cloned sequences, among which 24 were in exon region; (3) the results of PCR-RFLP were in accordance with that of PCR-SSCP. According to the EST of porcine CACNA1S gene published in GenBank (Bx914582, Bx666997), 8 of the 11 SNPs identified in the present study were consistent with the base difference between two EST fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoMin Fang
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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38
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Fu M, Li RX, Fan L, He GW, Thornburg KL, Wang Z. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel ryanodine receptor (RyR2) plays a crucial role in aconitine-induced arrhythmias. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:2147-56. [PMID: 18439986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study established a model of RyR(2) knockdown cardiomyocytes and elucidated the role of RyR(2) in aconitine-induced arrhythmia. Cardiomyocytes were obtained from hearts of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. siRNAs were used to down-regulate RyR(2) expression. Reduction of RyR(2) expression was documented by RT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Ca(2+) signals were investigated by measuring the relative intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations, caffeine-induced Ca(2+) release, and L-type Ca(2+) currents. In normal cardiomyocytes, steady and periodic spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations were observed, and the baseline [Ca(2+)](i) remained at the low level. Exposure to 3 microM aconitine increased the frequency and decreased the amplitude of Ca(2+) oscillations; the baseline [Ca(2+)](i) and the level of caffeine-induced Ca(2+) release were increased but the L-type Ca(2+) currents were inhibited after application of 3 microM aconitine for 5 min. In RyR(2) knockdown cardiomyocytes, the steady and periodic spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations almost disappeared, but were re-induced by aconitine without affecting the baseline [Ca(2+)](i) level; the level of caffeine-induced Ca(2+) release was increased but L-type Ca(2+) currents were inhibited. Alterations of RyR(2) are important consequences of aconitine-stimulation and activation of RyR(2) appear to have a direct relationship with aconitine-induced arrhythmias. The present study demonstrates a potential method for preventing aconitine-induced arrhythmias by inhibiting Ca(2+) leakage through the sarcoplasmic reticulum RyR(2) channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- School of Medicine and Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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39
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Fernandes C, Azevedo D, Gomes J, Gonçalves B, Coelho G, Vasconcelos J, Garcia J. Malignant Hyperthermia in a Liver Transplant Patient: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2007; 39:3530-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Schuster F, Gardill A, Metterlein T, Kranke P, Roewer N, Anetseder M. A minimally invasive metabolic test with intramuscular injection of halothane 5 and 6 vol% to detect probands at risk for malignant hyperthermia. Anaesthesia 2007; 62:882-7. [PMID: 17697213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesised that intramuscular halothane injection increases local Pco(2) concentrations in malignant hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) but not in non-susceptible (MHN) individuals. Pco(2) probes with attached microtubing catheters for halothane injection were placed into the lateral vastus muscle of eight MHS and eight MHN probands. Following equilibration, a single bolus of 200 microl halothane 5 and 6 vol% was injected. Pco(2) was measured spectrophotometrically. Baseline Pco(2) concentrations were similar between groups. Maximum Pco(2) and maximum rate of Pco(2) increase was significantly enhanced by halothane 5 and 6 vol% in MHS compared to MHN probands. Systemic haemodynamic and metabolic parameters did not differ between both groups. Local halothane application induces a hypermetabolic reaction with a significant Pco(2) increase in MHS compared to MHN probands, indicating a susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. Intramuscular halothane injection with Pco(2) measurement seems to be a suitable method for the development of a minimally invasive metabolic test to diagnose malignant hyperthermia susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schuster
- University of Würzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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41
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Wang R, Chen W, Cai S, Zhang J, Bolstad J, Wagenknecht T, Liu Z, Chen SRW. Localization of an NH(2)-terminal disease-causing mutation hot spot to the "clamp" region in the three-dimensional structure of the cardiac ryanodine receptor. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:17785-93. [PMID: 17452324 PMCID: PMC2800043 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700660200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A region between residues 414 and 466 in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) harbors more than half of the known NH(2)-terminal mutations associated with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. To gain insight into the structural basis of this NH(2)-terminal mutation hot spot, we have determined its location in the three-dimensional structure of RyR2. Green fluorescent protein (GFP), used as a structural marker, was inserted into the middle of this mutation hot spot after Ser-437 in the RyR2 sequence. The resultant GFP-RyR2 fusion protein, RyR2(S437-GFP,) was expressed in HEK293 cells and characterized using Ca(2+) release, [(3)H]ryanodine binding, and single cell Ca(2+) imaging studies. These functional analyses revealed that RyR2(S437-GFP) forms a caffeine- and ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) release channel that possesses Ca(2+) and caffeine dependence of activation indistinguishable from that of wild type (wt) RyR2. HEK293 cells expressing RyR2(S437-GFP) displayed a propensity for store overload-induced Ca(2+) release similar to that in cells expressing RyR2-wt. The three-dimensional structure of the purified RyR2(S437-GFP) was reconstructed using cryo-electron microscopy and single particle image processing. Subtraction of the three-dimensional reconstructions of RyR2-wt and RyR2(S437-GFP) revealed the location of the inserted GFP, and hence the NH(2)-terminal mutation hot spot, in a region between domains 5 and 9 in the clamp-shaped structure. This location is close to a previously mapped central disease-causing mutation site located in a region between domains 5 and 6. These results, together with findings from previous studies, suggest that the proposed interactions between the NH(2)-terminal and central regions of RyR2 are likely to take place between domains 5 and 6 and that the clamp-shaped structure, which shows substantial conformational differences between the closed and open states, is highly susceptible to disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwu Wang
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, and of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, and of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Shitian Cai
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, and of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Jing Zhang
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, and of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Jeff Bolstad
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, and of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Terence Wagenknecht
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Zheng Liu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
| | - S. R. Wayne Chen
- Departments of Physiology & Biophysics, and of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
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42
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Durham WJ, Wehrens XHT, Sood S, Hamilton SL. Diseases associated with altered ryanodine receptor activity. Subcell Biochem 2007; 45:273-321. [PMID: 18193641 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6191-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in two intracellular Ca2+ release channels or ryanodine receptors (RyR1 and RyR2) are associated with a number of human skeletal and cardiac diseases. This chapter discusses these diseases in terms of known mechanisms, controversies, and unanswered questions. We also compare the cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases to explore common mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Durham
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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43
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Kossugue PM, Paim JF, Navarro MM, Silva HC, Pavanello RCM, Gurgel-Giannetti J, Zatz M, Vainzof M. Central core disease due to recessive mutations inRYR1 gene: Is it more common than described? Muscle Nerve 2007; 35:670-4. [PMID: 17226826 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Central core disease (CCD) is an autosomal-dominant congenital myopathy, with muscle weakness and malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility. We identified two of nine Brazilian CCD families carrying two mutations in the RYR1 gene. The heterozygous parents were clinically asymptomatic, and patients were mildly affected, differing from the few autosomal-recessive cases described previously. Recessive inheritance in CCD may therefore be more common than previously appreciated, which has important implications for genetic counseling and MH prevention in affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M Kossugue
- Department of Genetics, Human Genome Research Center, IB-USP, R. do Matão, 106, São Paulo, SP-CEP 05508-900, Brazil
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44
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Aracena-Parks P, Goonasekera SA, Gilman CP, Dirksen RT, Hidalgo C, Hamilton SL. Identification of cysteines involved in S-nitrosylation, S-glutathionylation, and oxidation to disulfides in ryanodine receptor type 1. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:40354-68. [PMID: 17071618 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600876200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle Ca(2+)-release channel (ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1)) is a redox sensor, susceptible to reversible S-nitrosylation, S-glutathionylation, and disulfide oxidation. So far, Cys-3635 remains the only cysteine residue identified as functionally relevant to the redox sensing properties of the channel. We demonstrate that expression of the C3635A-RyR1 mutant in RyR1-null myotubes alters the sensitivity of the ryanodine receptor to activation by voltage, indicating that Cys-3635 is involved in voltage-gated excitation-contraction coupling. However, H(2)O(2) treatment of C3635A-RyR1 channels or wild-type RyR1, following their expression in human embryonic kidney cells, enhances [(3)H]ryanodine binding to the same extent, suggesting that cysteines other than Cys-3635 are responsible for the oxidative enhancement of channel activity. Using a combination of Western blotting and sulfhydryl-directed fluorescent labeling, we found that two large regions of RyR1 (amino acids 1-2401 and 3120-4475), previously shown to be involved in disulfide bond formation, are also major sites of both S-nitrosylation and S-glutathionylation. Using selective isotopecoded affinity tag labeling of RyR1 and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, we identified, out of the 100 cysteines in each RyR1 subunit, 9 that are endogenously modified (Cys-36, Cys-315, Cys-811, Cys-906, Cys-1591, Cys-2326, Cys-2363, Cys-3193, and Cys-3635) and another 3 residues that were only modified with exogenous redox agents (Cys-253, Cys-1040, and Cys-1303). We also identified the types of redox modification each of these cysteines can undergo. In summary, we have identified a discrete subset of cysteines that are likely to be involved in the functional response of RyR1 to different redox modifications (S-nitrosylation, S-glutathionylation, and oxidation to disulfides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aracena-Parks
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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45
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Ta TA, Pessah IN. Ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) possessing malignant hyperthermia mutation R615C exhibits heightened sensitivity to dysregulation by non-coplanar 2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95). Neurotoxicology 2006; 28:770-9. [PMID: 17023049 PMCID: PMC2274001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 07/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility is conferred by inheriting one of >60 missense mutations within the highly regulated microsomal Ca(2+) channel known as ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1). Although MH susceptible patients lack overt clinical signs, a potentially lethal MH syndrome can be triggered by exposure to halogenated alkane anesthetics. This study compares how non-coplanar 2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95), a congener identified in environmental and human samples, alters the binding properties of [(3)H]ryanodine to RyR1 in vitro. Junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was isolated from skeletal muscle dissected from wild type pigs ((Wt)RyR1) and pigs homozygous for MH mutation R615C ((MH)RyR1), a mutation also found in humans. Although the level of (Wt)RyR1 and (MH)RyR1 expression is the same, (MH)RyR1 shows heightened sensitivity to activation and altered regulation by physiological cations. We report here that (MH)RyR1 shows more pronounced activation by Ca(2+), and is less sensitive to channel inhibition by Ca(2+) and Mg(2+), compared to (Wt)RyR1. In a buffer containing 100nM free Ca(2+), conditions typically found in resting cells, PCB 95 (50-1000nM) enhances the activity of (MH)RyR1 whereas it has no detectable effect on (Wt)RyR1. PCB 95 (2microM) decreases channel inhibition by Mg(2+) to a greater extent in (MH)RyR1 (IC(50) increased nine-fold) compared to (Wt)RyR1 (IC(50) increased by 2.5-fold). PCB95 reduces inhibition by Ca(2+) two-fold more with (MH)RyR1 than (Wt)RyR1. Our data suggest that non-coplanar PCBs are more potent and efficacious toward (MH)RyR1 than (Wt)RyR1, and have more profound effects on its cation regulation. Considering the important roles of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) in regulating Ca(2+) signals involving RyR channels, these data provide the first mechanistic evidence that a genetic mutation known to confer susceptibility to pharmacological agents also enhances sensitivity to an environmental contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram Anh Ta
- UC Davis, Center for Children's Environmental Health, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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46
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Creighton W, Virmani R, Kutys R, Burke A. Identification of novel missense mutations of cardiac ryanodine receptor gene in exercise-induced sudden death at autopsy. J Mol Diagn 2006; 8:62-7. [PMID: 16436635 PMCID: PMC1867562 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2006.050081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cardiac ryanodine type 2 receptor (RyR2) gene are associated with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. We hypothesized that these mutations could be detected at autopsy in cases of exercise-triggered sudden death. Fourteen sudden death patients, eight males and six females, were studied at autopsy based on apparent sudden cardiac death, without significant anatomical abnormalities. The coding regions of arrhythmia genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. Three novel RyR2 mutations, R414C, F2331S, and R2401L, were identified in three unrelated patients (two males and one female; mean age at death, 12 +/- 2 years), all performing strenuous activity at the time of death or collapse. These mutations were located in highly conserved regions where arrhythmia-linked RyR2 mutations clustered. Although G269S in the KVLQT1 gene was detected in a female with known family history of syncope and sudden cardiac death, no other mutations were found in any of the 14 cases, and no other mutations was found in 200 controls. The absence of structural cardiac disease in physical activity-induced sudden death and the finding of three novel RyR2 mutations suggest that mutation screening in such cases should include RyR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Creighton
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., Room 7-34C, Baltimore, MD 21201-1192, USA
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47
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Ducreux S, Zorzato F, Ferreiro A, Jungbluth H, Muntoni F, Monnier N, Müller CR, Treves S. Functional properties of ryanodine receptors carrying three amino acid substitutions identified in patients affected by multi-minicore disease and central core disease, expressed in immortalized lymphocytes. Biochem J 2006; 395:259-66. [PMID: 16372898 PMCID: PMC1422771 DOI: 10.1042/bj20051282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
More than 80 mutations in the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor gene have been found to be associated with autosomal dominant forms of malignant hyperthermia and central core disease, and with recessive forms of multi-minicore disease. Studies on the functional effects of pathogenic dominant mutations have shown that they mostly affect intracellular Ca2+ homoeostasis, either by rendering the channel hypersensitive to activation (malignant hyperthermia) or by altering the amount of Ca2+ released subsequent to physiological or pharmacological activation (central core disease). In the present paper, we show, for the first time, data on the functional effect of two recently identified recessive ryanodine receptor 1 amino acid substitutions, P3527S and V4849I, as well as that of R999H, another substitution that was identified in two siblings that were affected by multi-minicore disease. We studied the intracellular Ca2+ homoeostasis of EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed lymphoblastoid cells from the affected patients, their healthy relatives and control individuals. Our results show that the P3527S substitution in the homozygous state affected the amount of Ca2+ released after pharmacological activation with 4-chloro-m-cresol and caffeine, but did not affect the size of the thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ stores. The other substitutions had no effect on either the size of the intracellular Ca2+ stores, or on the amount of Ca2+ released after ryanodine receptor activation; however, both the P3527S and V4849I substitutions had a small but significant effect on the resting Ca2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ducreux
- Department of Anaesthesia and Research, Basel University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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48
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Abstract
Most congenital myopathies have been defined on account of the morphological findings in enzyme histochemical preparations. In effect, the diagnosis of this group of diseases continues to be made on the histological pattern of muscle biopsies. However, progress has been made in elucidating the molecular genetic background of several of the congenital myopathies. In this updated review we address those congenital myopathies for which gene defects and mutant proteins have been found (central core disease, nemaline myopathies, desminopathy, actinopathy, certain vacuolar myopathies, and myotubular myopathy) and the other disease with central nuclei (centronuclear myopathy).
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Desmin/genetics
- Humans
- Mutation
- Myopathies, Nemaline/genetics
- Myopathies, Nemaline/pathology
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/classification
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/pathology
- Myopathy, Central Core/genetics
- Myopathy, Central Core/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bornemann
- Institute of Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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49
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Abstract
Normal thermogenesis requires a complex interaction between systems that generate and dissipate heat. Serving as director of thermogenesis, the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system along with the thyroid and adrenal glands to respond to changes in body temperature. Working in concert, these systems result in heat generation by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, combined with impaired heat dissipation through vasoconstriction. In this article, the authors discuss serotonin and sympathomimetic syndromes, neuroleptic malignant syndrome,and malignant hyperthermia and how these syndromes affect the hypothalamic and sympathetic nervous systems, resulting at times in severe hyperthermia. Current treatment recommendations and future trends in treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Rusyniak
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Perioperative Considerations in the Management of Pediatric Surgical Patients. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2006; 18:35-47, vi. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2005.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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