1
|
Hayes EK, Gagnon GA. From capture to detection: A critical review of passive sampling techniques for pathogen surveillance in water and wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:122024. [PMID: 38986282 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Water quality, critical for human survival and well-being, necessitates rigorous control to mitigate contamination risks, particularly from pathogens amid expanding urbanization. Consequently, the necessity to maintain the microbiological safety of water supplies demands effective surveillance strategies, reliant on the collection of representative samples and precise measurement of contaminants. This review critically examines the advancements of passive sampling techniques for monitoring pathogens in various water systems, including wastewater, freshwater, and seawater. We explore the evolution from conventional materials to innovative adsorbents for pathogen capture and the shift from culture-based to molecular detection methods, underscoring the adaptation of this field to global health challenges. The comparison highlights passive sampling's efficacy over conventional techniques like grab sampling and its potential to overcome existing sampling challenges through the use of innovative materials such as granular activated carbon, thermoplastics, and polymer membranes. By critically evaluating the literature, this work identifies standardization gaps and proposes future research directions to augment passive sampling's efficiency, specificity, and utility in environmental and public health surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emalie K Hayes
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Graham A Gagnon
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Murni IK, Oktaria V, McCarthy DT, Supriyati E, Nuryastuti T, Handley A, Donato CM, Wiratama BS, Dinari R, Laksono IS, Thobari JA, Bines JE. Wastewater-based epidemiology surveillance as an early warning system for SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307364. [PMID: 39024238 PMCID: PMC11257287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) surveillance has been proposed as an early warning system (EWS) for community SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, there is limited data from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to assess the ability of WBE surveillance to detect SARS-CoV-2 in formal and informal environments in Indonesia using different methods of sample collection, to compare WBE data with patterns of clinical cases of COVID-19 within the relevant communities, and to assess the WBE potential to be used as an EWS for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks within a community. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted WBE surveillance in three districts in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, over eleven months (27 July 2021 to 7 January 2022 [Delta wave]; 18 January to 3 June 2022 [Omicron wave]). Water samples using grab, and/or passive sampling methods and soil samples were collected either weekly or fortnightly. RNA was extracted from membrane filters from processed water samples and directly from soil. Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect the SARS-CoV-2 N and ORF1ab genes. RESULTS A total of 1,582 samples were collected. Detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater reflected the incidence of community cases, with rates of 85% at the peak to 2% at the end of the Delta wave and from 94% to 11% during the Omicron wave. A 2-week lag time was observed between the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and increasing cases in the corresponding community. CONCLUSION WBE surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia was effective in monitoring patterns of cases of COVID-19 and served as an early warning system, predicting the increasing incidence of COVID-19 cases in the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indah Kartika Murni
- Center for Child Health – Pediatric Research Office, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vicka Oktaria
- Center for Child Health – Pediatric Research Office, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - David T. McCarthy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Lab (EPHM Lab), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Australia
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Endah Supriyati
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Titik Nuryastuti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Amanda Handley
- Medicines Development for Global Health, Southbank, Victoria Australia
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Celeste M. Donato
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bayu Satria Wiratama
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rizka Dinari
- Center for Child Health – Pediatric Research Office, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ida Safitri Laksono
- Center for Child Health – Pediatric Research Office, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jarir At Thobari
- Center for Child Health – Pediatric Research Office, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Julie E Bines
- Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rakonjac N, Roex E, Beeltje H. Surface water monitoring of chemicals associated with animal husbandry in an agricultural region in the Netherlands using passive sampling. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:670. [PMID: 38940882 PMCID: PMC11213807 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Compounds originating from animal husbandry can pollute surface water through the application of manure to soil. Typically, grab sampling is employed to detect these residues, which only provides information on the concentration at the time of sampling. To better understand the emission patterns of these compounds, we utilized passive samplers in surface water to collect data at eight locations in a Dutch agricultural region, during different time intervals. As a passive sampler, we chose the integrative-based Speedisk® hydrophilic DVB. In total, we targeted 46 compounds, among which 25 antibiotics, three hormones, nine antiparasitics, and nine disinfectants. From these 46 compounds, 22 compounds accumulated in passive samplers in amounts above the limit of quantification in at least one sampling location. Over the 12-week deployment period, a time integrative uptake pattern was identified in 53% of the examined cases, with the remaining 47% not displaying this behavior. The occurrences without this behavior were primarily associated with specific location, particularly the most upstream location, or specific compounds. Our findings suggest that the proposed use of passive samplers, when compared in this limited context to traditional grab sampling, may provide enhanced efficiency and potentially enable the detection of a wider array of compounds. In fact, a number of compounds originating from animal husbandry activities were quantified for the first time in Dutch surface waters, such as flubendazole, florfenicol, and tilmicosine. The set-up of the sampling campaign also allowed to distinguish between different pollution levels during sampling intervals on the same location. This aspect gains particular significance when considering the utilization of different compounds on various occasions, hence, it has the potential to strengthen ongoing monitoring and mitigation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Rakonjac
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Erwin Roex
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Samon SM, Hoffman K, Herkert N, Stapleton HM. Chemical uptake into silicone wristbands over a five day period. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123877. [PMID: 38574945 PMCID: PMC11080408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Silicone wristbands are a noninvasive personal exposure assessment tool. However, despite their utility, questions remain about the rate at which chemicals accumulate on wristbands when worn, as validation studies utilizing wristbands worn by human participants are limited. This study evaluated the chemical uptake rates of 113 organic pollutants from several chemical classes (i.e., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organophosphate esters (OPEs), alkyl OPEs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), brominated flame retardants (BFR), phthalates, pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over a five-day period. Adult participants (n = 10) were asked to wear five silicone wristbands and then remove one wristband each day. Several compounds were detected in all participants' wristbands after only one day. The number of chemicals detected frequently (i.e. in at least seven participants wristbands) increased from 20% of target compounds to 26% after three days and more substantially increased to 34% of target compounds after four days of wear. Chemicals detected in at least seven participants' day five wristbands (n = 24 chemicals) underwent further statistical analysis, including estimating the chemical uptake rates over time. Some chemicals, including pesticides and phthalates, had postive and significant correlations between concentrations on wristbands worn five days and concentrations of wristbands worn fewer days suggesting chronic exposure. For 23 of the 24 compounds evaluated there was a statistically significant and positive linear association between the length of time wristbands were worn and chemical concentrations in wristbands. Despite the differences that exist between laboratory studies using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) environmental samplers and worn wristbands, these results indicate that worn wristbands are primarily acting as first-order kinetic samplers. These results suggest that studies using different deployment lengths should be comparable when results are normalized to the length of the deployment period. In addition, a shorter deployment period could be utilized for compounds that were commonly detected in as little as one day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Samon
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas Herkert
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Çiftbudak ÖF, Aslan E, Atabay H, Tolun L, Balkıs NÇ, Yeşilot S. Investigation of organic micropollutant pollution in İzmit Bay: a comparative study of passive sampling and instantaneous sampling techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:415. [PMID: 38568381 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we used a comprehensive array of sampling techniques to examine the pollution caused by organic micropollutants in İzmit Bay for the first time. Our methodology contains spot seawater sampling, semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) passive samplers for time-weighted average (TWA), and sediment sampling for long-term pollution detection in İzmit Bay, together. Additionally, the analysis results obtained with these three sampling methods were compared in this study. Over the course of two seasons in 2020 and 2021, we deployed SPMDs for 21 days in the first season and for 30 days in the second season. This innovative approach allowed us to gather sea water samples and analyze them for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Σ15 PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (Σ7 PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (Σ11 OCPs). Using SPMD-based passive sampling, we measured micropollutant concentrations: PAHs ranged from 1963 to 10342 pg/L in 2020 and 1338 to 6373 pg/L in 2021; PCBs from 17.46 to 61.90 pg/L in 2020 and 8.37 to 78.10 pg/L in 2021; and OCPs from 269.2 to 8868 pg/L in 2020 and 141.7 to 1662 pg/L in 2021. Our findings revealed parallels between the concentrations of PAHs, PCBs, and OCPs in both SPMDs and sediment samples, providing insights into the distribution patterns of these pollutants in the marine ecosystem. However, it is worth noting that due to limited data acquisition, the suitability of spot sampling in comparison to instantaneous sampling remains inconclusive, highlighting the need for further investigation and data collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Faruk Çiftbudak
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
- TÜBİTAK, Marmara Research Center, Climate Change and Sustainability Vice Presidencies, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Aslan
- TÜBİTAK, Marmara Research Center, Climate Change and Sustainability Vice Presidencies, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hakan Atabay
- TÜBİTAK, Marmara Research Center, Climate Change and Sustainability Vice Presidencies, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Leyla Tolun
- TÜBİTAK, Marmara Research Center, Climate Change and Sustainability Vice Presidencies, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nuray Çağlar Balkıs
- Institute of Marine Science and Management, Department of Chemical Oceanography, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Yeşilot
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liang C, Wang CW. Polydimethylsiloxane dialysis passive sampler monitoring of chlorinated solvent contaminated sites - A field study. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141634. [PMID: 38462189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The complexity of the subsurface contaminated by chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE) makes it challenging to gain a complete understanding of contamination distribution and establish a conceptual site model (CSM). High-resolution vertical contaminant concentration profiling across both the unsaturated zone and the saturated aquifer is desirable for mapping the distribution of contamination. A Fick's law-based polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dialysis passive sampler was developed and evaluated on a field scale for its potential application. This study tests the passive sampler at two TCE contaminated sites, and the sampling results were compared with the results from different sampling methods based on the relative percent difference. The PDMS dialysis passive sampler obtained more representative soil gas concentrations in the unsaturated zone than a portable monitoring and sampling device, which caused soil gas flow disturbance by soil gas pumping during sample collection. In the saturated aquifer sampling, the results obtained by the PDMS dialysis passive sampler correlated well with those obtained by a commercial polyethylene passive diffusion bag, and exhibited higher sensitivity under low TCE concentration conditions. Furthermore, the PDMS dialysis passive samplers were densely deployed inside each monitoring well at multiple depths, at two sites, to achieve high-resolution monitoring across the unsaturated zone and saturated aquifer. Based on the PDMS dialysis sampler data, a more comprehensive three-dimensional CSM was systematically established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenju Liang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Wei Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, 168 University Road, Dacun, Changhua, 515006, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bajagain R, Noh S, Kim YH, Kim H, Seok KS, Bailon MX, Hong Y. Application of diffusive gradient in thin films probes to monitor trace levels of labile methylmercury in freshwaters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:404. [PMID: 38557915 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize the methods for sampling and analyzing methylmercury (MeHg) concentrated within diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and its application to different water bodies. We explored the elution solution for MeHg, comprised of 1.13 mM thiourea and 0.1M HCl, optimizing its volume to 50 mL. In addition, we found that it is necessary to analyze the entire extraction solution after adjusting its pH, to ensure completion of the ethylation reaction. The DGT samplers were deployed in two distinct aquatic environments (i.e., Okjeong Lake and Nakdong River) for up to 6 weeks, and this study demonstrated to predict the time-weighted average concentration with a diffusion coefficient of 7.65 × 10-6 cm2 s-1 for MeHg in the diffusive gel. To assess the diffusive boundary layer (DBL) effects, the DGT samplers with different agarose diffusive gel thickness were deployed. The mass of MeHg accumulated in the DGT resin at a given time decreased with increasing diffusive gel thickness, because of creating longer diffusion pathways within thicker gels. The labile MeHg concentration estimated by the DGT in Okjeong Lake and Nakdong River are found in the range of 61-111 and 55-105 pg L-1, respectively, which were found to be similar to the grab sampling data. Additionally, this study evaluated depth-dependent MeHg in Okjeong Lake. The vertical profile results showed that the concentration of MeHg at the depth of 2.3 and 15.7 m are about 1.5 and 4.6 times of the DGT installed at 0.3 m of the surface layer, respectively, suggesting potential mercury methylation in deep waters. These findings have practical implications for predicting bioavailability, assessing risks, and formulating strategies for water body management and contamination remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Bajagain
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, 30019, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Seam Noh
- Chemicals Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 22689, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kim
- Chemicals Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 22689, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Kim
- Chemicals Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 22689, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seol Seok
- Chemicals Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 22689, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark Xavier Bailon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, 30019, Sejong, Republic of Korea
- Department of Science and Technology - Philippines, Philippine Science High School - Central Luzon Campus, Lily Hill, Clark Freeport Zone, Mabalacat City, Pampanga, 2010, Philippines
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, 30019, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Haskell BR, Dhiyebi HA, Srikanthan N, Bragg LM, Parker WJ, Giesy JP, Servos MR. Implementing an adaptive, two-tiered SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance program on a university campus using passive sampling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168998. [PMID: 38040360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Building-level wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has been increasingly applied upstream from wastewater treatment plants to conduct targeted monitoring for SARS-CoV-2. In this study, a two-tiered, trigger-based wastewater surveillance program was developed on a university campus to monitor dormitory wastewater. The objective was to determine if passive sampling with cotton gauze as a sampling medium could be used to support institution-level public health action. Two nucleocapsid gene targets (N1 and N2) of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the endogenous fecal indicator pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) were quantified using RT-qPCR. >500 samples were analyzed during two contrasting surveillance periods. In the Fall of 2021 community viral burden was low and a tiered sampling network was able to isolate individual clinical cases at the building-scale. In the Winter of 2022 wastewater signals were quickly elevated by the emergence of the highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 shifted surveillance objectives from isolating cases to monitoring trends, revealing both the benefits and limitations of a tiered surveillance design under different public health situations. Normalization of SARS-CoV-2 by PMMoV was not reflective of upstream population differences, suggesting saturation of the material occurred during the exposure period. The passive sampling method detected nearly all known clinical cases and in one instance was able to identify one pre-symptomatic individual days prior to confirmation by clinical test. Comparisons between campus samplers and municipal wastewater influent suggests that the spread of COVID-19 on the campus was similar to that of the broader community. The results demonstrate that passive sampling is an effective tool that can produce semi-quantitative data capable of tracking temporal trends to guide targeted public health decision-making at an institutional level. Practitioners of WBS can utilize these results to inform surveillance program designs that prioritize efficient resource use and rapid reporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake R Haskell
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Hadi A Dhiyebi
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Nivetha Srikanthan
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Leslie M Bragg
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Wayne J Parker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 1 Bear Trail, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu H, Chi L, Shen J, Arandiyan H, Wang Y, Wang X. Principles, applications, and limitations of diffusive gradients in thin films induced fluxed in soils and sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141061. [PMID: 38159729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique serves as a passive sampling method, inducing analyte transport and concentration. Its application is widespread in assessing labile components of metals, organic matter, and nutrients across various environmental media such as water, sediments, and saturated soils. The DGT devices effectively reduce the porewater concentration through irreversible binding of solutes, consequently promoting the release of labile species from the soil/sediment solid phase. However, the precise quantification of simultaneous adsorption and desorption of labile species using DGT devices alone remains a challenge. To address this challenge, the DGT-Induced Fluxes in Soils and Sediments (DIFS) model was developed. This model simulates analyte kinetics in solid phases, solutions, and binding resins by incorporating factors such as soil properties, resupply parameters, and kinetic principles. While the DIFS model has been iteratively improved to increase its accuracy in portraying kinetic behavior in soil/sediment, researchers' incomplete comprehension of it still results in unrealistic fitting outcomes and an oversight of the profound implications posed by kinetic parameters during implementation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the optimization and utilization of DIFS models, encompassing fundamental concepts behind DGT devices and DIFS models, the kinetic interpretation of DIFS parameters, and instances where the model has been applied to study soils and sediments. It also highlights preexisting limitations of the DIFS model and offers suggestions for more precise modeling in real-world environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaji Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Lina Chi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Hamidreza Arandiyan
- Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Xinze Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali, 671000, China; Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, 67100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Clivillé-Cabré P, Lacorte S, Borrull F, Fontanals N, Marcé RM. Evaluation of ceramic passive samplers using a mixed-mode strong cation-exchange sorbent to monitor polar contaminants in river water. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464348. [PMID: 37708670 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Although most of the analytical methods developed for the monitoring of contaminants in environmental waters are based on discrete grab sampling, an alternative of increasing interest is the use of passive sampling. Methods based on passive sampling provide the sampling and pre-concentration of the analytes in-situ, which makes the sample treatment less time consuming and costly than using discrete grab sampling. In this study, ceramic passive samplers (CPSs) using mixed-mode strong cation-exchange sorbent (Oasis MCX) as retention phase were evaluated for the determination of a group of 21 therapeutic and illicit drugs and some of their metabolites in river water samples that were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. After assessing the stability of the analytes, the CPSs were calibrated for 9 days with bottled water and river water, obtaining, for the 19 stable compounds, sample rates (Rs) ranging between 0.180 and 1.767 mL/day and diffusion coefficients (De) between 2.02E-8 and 2.81E-7 cm2/s. Once calibrated, CPSs were deployed for the determination of contaminants in the Ebre River, with good reproducibility, and some of the analytes were determined, including amongst others, gabapentin at 76 ng/L, caffeine at 203 ng/L or diclofenac amine at 57 ng/L. The passive sampling method herein presented is simple and feasible and allows the time-integrated analysis of pharmaceuticals and drugs at trace levels in river water. This study opens the possibility of using other mixed-mode sorbents or other types of sorbents as retaining phase on CPSs for the determination of very polar contaminants in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Clivillé-Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Núria Fontanals
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Maria Marcé
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liang Y, Li H, Li S, Chen S. Organic diffusive gradients in thin films (o-DGT) for determining environmental behaviors of antibiotics: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132279. [PMID: 37597396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are recognized as effective medicine that has been extensively used in human and veterinary. Since the rate of releasing into the environment is stronger than the rate of elimination, antibiotics are regarded as persistent or "pseudo-persistent" organic compounds that result in the development of microbial antibiotic resistance. Therefore, assessment for their ecological risks to the environment are essential. Diffusive gradients in thin films for organic compounds (o-DGT) have been adapted to investigate the environmental behaviors of antibiotics. Currently, more than 20 compounds have been tested by o-DGT in waters and soil environments. In this review, we explained the theoretical reason that o-DGT is feasible to determine the labile fraction of antibiotics in different environmental media. The most used agarose diffusive gel, and various binding agents such as resin, porous carbon and nano-scale materials have been compared to optimize the sampling of antibiotics by o-DGT. Results of deploying o-DGT devices in waters and soils from previous studies were discussed to understand the bioavailability and dynamic transport of antibiotics. Also, we provided the feasibility analysis of using o-DGT in sediments for antibiotics measurements, which is required to be carried out in future studies. To have a deep view on the development of o-DGT, its technical limitations and viable improvements were summarized in this study for further applications on antibiotics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Liang
- Department of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Sumei Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Development of polypropylene membranes grafted with nanocellulose to analyze organic pollutants in environmental waters using miniaturized passive samplers based on liquid-phase microextraction. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
|
13
|
Moon JK, Kim PG, Lee KY, Kwon JH, Hong Y. Development of an in situ equilibrium polydimethylsiloxane passive sampler for measuring volatile organic compounds in soil vapor. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138419. [PMID: 36925016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An equilibrium passive sampler made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber was developed to measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soil vapor. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) was used to protect PDMS from pollution and direct contact with soil components. For all tested VOCs, equilibrium was reached after 7 days at 5 °C. The equilibrium partition coefficients of VOCs between PDMS, gas, and water were measured at three different temperatures. The analyte concentrations in PDMS exposed to gas and water separately were almost the same, which suggests that Cgas and Cwater in soil pores can be accurately deduced from CPDMS after equilibrium at various temperatures. To evaluate the passive sampler, active sampling measurements were performed simultaneously. Concentrations of VOCs deduced from the passive sampler were consistent with the concentrations measured by active sampling near the 1:1 line. Tests with artificial soils were conducted to observe the effects of soil components on passive sampling. The results suggest that the effect of water saturation can be ignored; in other words, the developed passive sampler can be applied in the vadose zone, which has fluctuating water saturation. With a holder for the sampler made of stainless steel, the developed in situ passive sampler can measure VOCs in contaminated soil vapor. The developed passive sampler was proven to be an alternative for measuring VOCs in soil vapor, which can be helpful for soil risk assessment and for observing the diffusion of VOCs in contaminated sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyoung Moon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Gon Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Young Lee
- R&D Center, H-Plus Eco Ltd., 130-70, Jinsangmi-ro 813beon-gil, Seolseong-myeon, Icheon-si, 17412, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Medon B, Pautler BG, Sweett A, Roberts J, Risacher FF, D'Agostino LA, Conder J, Gauthier JR, Mabury SA, Patterson A, McIsaac P, Mitzel R, Hakimabadi SG, Pham ALT. A field-validated equilibrium passive sampler for the monitoring of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sediment pore water and surface water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:980-995. [PMID: 37128709 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00483f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple equilibrium passive sampler, consisting of water in an inert container capped with a rate-limiting barrier, for the monitoring of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sediment pore water and surface water was developed and tested through a series of laboratory and field experiments. The objectives of the laboratory experiments were to determine (1) the membrane type that could serve as the sampler's rate-limiting barrier, (2) the mass transfer coefficient of environmentally relevant PFAS through the selected membrane, and (3) the performance reference compounds (PRCs) that could be used to infer the kinetics of PFAS diffusing into the sampler. Of the membranes tested, the polycarbonate (PC) membrane was deemed the most suitable rate-limiting barrier, given that it did not appreciably adsorb the studied PFAS (which have ≤8 carbons), and that the migration of these compounds through this membrane could be described by Fick's law of diffusion. When employed as the PRC, the isotopically labelled PFAS M2PFOA and M4PFOS were able to predict the mass transfer coefficients of the studied PFAS analytes. In contrast, the mass transfer coefficients were underpredicted by Br- and M3PFPeA. For validation, the PC-based passive samplers consisting of these four PRCs, as well as two other PRCs (i.e., M8PFOA and C8H17SO3-), were deployed in the sediment and water at a PFAS-impacted field site. The concentration-time profiles of the PRCs indicated that the samplers deployed in the sediment required at least 6 to 7 weeks to reach 90% equilibrium. If the deployment times are shorter (e.g., 2 to 4 weeks), PFAS concentrations at equilibrium could be estimated based on the concentrations of the PRCs remaining in the sampler at retrieval. All PFAS concentrations determined via this approach were within a factor of two compared to those measured in the mechanically extracted sediment pore water and surface water samples obtained adjacent to the sampler deployment locations. Neither biofouling of the rate-limiting barrier nor any physical change to it was observed on the sampler after retrieval. The passive sampler developed in this study could be a promising tool for the monitoring of PFAS in pore water and surface water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Medon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Florent F Risacher
- Geosyntec Consultants International Inc., Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5J2, Canada
| | - Lisa A D'Agostino
- Geosyntec Consultants International Inc., Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5J2, Canada
| | - Jason Conder
- Geosyntec Consultants Inc., Costa Mesa, California, 92626, USA
| | - Jeremy R Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Labs, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Scott A Mabury
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Labs, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew Patterson
- Eurofins Environment Testing America, West Sacramento, California, 95605, USA
| | - Patricia McIsaac
- Eurofins Environment Testing America, Oakton, Virginia, 22124, USA
| | - Robert Mitzel
- Eurofins Environment Testing America, West Sacramento, California, 95605, USA
| | - Seyfollah Gilak Hakimabadi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Anh Le-Tuan Pham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sarmiento H, Potgieter-Vermaak S, Borillo GC, Godoi AFL, Reis RA, Yamamoto CI, Pauliquevis T, Polezer G, Godoi RHM. BTEX profile and health risk at the largest bulk port in Latin America, Paranaguá Port. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:63084-63095. [PMID: 36952154 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Port-related activities have a detrimental impact on the air quality both at the point of source and for considerable distances beyond. These activities include, but are not limited to, heavy cargo traffic, onboard, and at-berth emissions. Due to differences in construction, operation, location, and policies at ports, the site-specific air pollution cocktail could result in different human health risks. Thus, monitoring and evaluating such emissions are essential to predict the risk to the community. Environmental agencies often monitor key pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2), but the volatile organic carbons (VOCs) most often are not, due to its analytical challenging. This study intends to fill that gap and evaluate the VOC emissions caused by activities related to the port of Paranaguá - one of the largest bulk ports in Latin America - by characterizing BTEX concentrations at the port and its surroundings. At seven different sites, passive samplers were used to measure the dispersion of BTEX concentrations throughout the port and around the city at weekly intervals from November 2018 to January 2019. The average and uncertainty of BTEX concentrations (µg m-3) were 0.60 ± 0.43, 5.58 ± 3.80, 3.30 ± 2.41, 4.66 ± 3.67, and 2.82 ± 1.95 for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m- and p-xylene, and o-xylene, respectively. Relationships between toluene and benzene and health risk analysis were used to establish the potential effects of BTEX emissions on the population of the city of Paranaguá. Ratio analysis (T/B, B/T, m,p X/Et, and m,p X/B) indicate that the BTEX levels are mainly from fresh emission sources and that photochemical ageing was at minimum. The cancer risk varied across the sampling trajectory, whereas ethylbenzene represented a moderate cancer risk development for the exposed population in some of the locations. This study provided the necessary baseline data to support policymakers on how to change the circumstances of those currently at risk, putting in place a sustainable operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Sarmiento
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sanja Potgieter-Vermaak
- Department of Natural Science, Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
- Molecular Science Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Guilherme C Borillo
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia L Godoi
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Reis
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Carlos I Yamamoto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Theotonio Pauliquevis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Polezer
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
- Department of Technology, State University of Maringá, Umuarama, Parana, Brazil
| | - Ricardo H M Godoi
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Macías M, Jiménez JA, Rodríguez de San Miguel E, Moreira-Santos M. Appraisal on the role of passive sampling for more integrative frameworks on the environmental risk assessment of contaminants. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138352. [PMID: 36898436 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over time multiple lines of research have been integrated as important components of evidence for assessing the ecological quality status of water bodies within the framework of Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) approaches. One of the most used integrative approaches is the triad which combines, based on the weight-of-evidence, three lines of research, the chemical (to identify what is causing the effect), the ecological (to identify the effects at the ecosystem level) and the ecotoxicological (to ascertain the causes of ecological damage), with the agreement between the different lines of risk evidence increasing the confidence in the management decisions. Although the triad approach has proven greatly strategic in ERA processes, new assessment (and monitoring) integrative and effective tools are most welcome. In this regard, the present study is an appraisal on the boost that passive sampling, by allowing to increase information reliability, can give within each of the triad lines of evidence, for more integrative ERA frameworks. In parallel to this appraisal, examples of works that used passive samplers within the triad are presented providing support for the use of these devices in a complementary form to generate holistic information for ERA and ease the process of decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Macías
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | - Jesús A Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | | | - Matilde Moreira-Santos
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for People and the Planet, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fialová P, Grabic R, Grabicová K, Nováková P, Švecová H, Kaserzon S, Thompson K, Vrana B. Performance evaluation of a diffusive hydrogel-based passive sampler for monitoring of polar organic compounds in wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161071. [PMID: 36565860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An upscaled passive sampler variant (diffusive hydrogel-based passive sampler; HPS) based on diffusive gradients in thin films for polar organic compounds (o-DGT) with seven times higher surface area (22.7 cm2) than a typical o-DGT sampler (3.14 cm2) was tested in several field studies. HPS performance was tested in situ within a calibration study in the treated effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant and in a verification study in the raw municipal wastewater influent. HPS sampled integratively for up to 14 days in the effluent, and 8 days in the influent. Sampling rates (Rs) were derived for 44 pharmaceuticals and personal care products, 3 perfluoroalkyl substances, 2 anticorrosives, and 21 pesticides and metabolites, ranging from 6 to 132 mL d-1. Robustness and repeatability of HPS deteriorated after exposures longer than 14 days due to microbial and physical damage of the diffusive agarose layer. In situ Rs values for the HPS can be applied to estimate the aqueous concentration of the calibrated polar organic compounds in wastewater within an uncertainty factor of four. When accepting this level of accuracy, the HPS can be applied for monitoring trends of organic micropollutants in wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Fialová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Nováková
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Švecová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Sarit Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Kristie Thompson
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Branislav Vrana
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rehman AU, Crimi M, Andreescu S. Current and emerging analytical techniques for the determination of PFAS in environmental samples. TRENDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2023; 37:e00198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2023.e00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
19
|
Kaltenberg EM, Dasu K, Lefkovitz LF, Thorn J, Schumitz D. Sampling of freely dissolved per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water and groundwater using a newly developed passive sampler. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120940. [PMID: 36566921 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling methods offer several advantages over traditional grab water sampling techniques, including time-integrative results which better represent long-term concentrations at the site and separation of the freely dissolved fraction of the contaminant which offers insight into the associated risk. This paper describes the performance of a newly developed equilibrium regimen passive sampler designed specifically for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), called PFAS INSIGHT®. The sampler is effective in sampling ionic (sulfonates and carboxylates) and non-ionic (PFAS precursors) PFAS from aqueous solutions with detection limits similar or lower (depending on the analyte) to those achievable with conventional water sample analysis. Results include laboratory characterization of sorbent adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms for 15 PFAS analytes with carbon chain lengths of 4-12, the effects of the sample matrix on PFAS partitioning, and sorbent extraction efficiency. Results from PFAS INSIGHT® field deployments demonstrate good agreement between the concentrations calculated from the passive sampler data and the concentrations measured directly in conventional water samples. Approximately 35% of the passive sampling results were within 2-fold of the conventional water sample concentrations, 71% within 5-fold, and 88% within 10-fold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kavitha Dasu
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Barbosa J, Asselman J, Janssen CR. Synthesizing the impact of sea-dumped munition and related chemicals on humans and the environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114601. [PMID: 36652858 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Marine environments are globally impacted by vast quantities of munition disposed following both World Wars. Dumped munitions contain conventional explosives, chemicals warfare agents as well as a variety of metals. Field monitoring studies around marine dumpsites report the presence of munition constituents in water and sediment samples. The growing interest and developments in the ocean as a new economic frontier underline the need to remediate existing dumpsites. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the magnitude and potential risks associated with marine munition dumpsites. An overview of the global distribution of dumpsites identifying the most impacted areas is provided, followed by the currently available data on the detection of munition constituents in environmental samples and evidence of their toxic potential to human and environmental health. Finally, existing data gaps are identified and future research needs promoting better understanding of the impact of the dumped material on the marine environment suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Barbosa
- Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, GhEnToxLab, Ghent University, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium.
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Colin R Janssen
- Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, GhEnToxLab, Ghent University, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Balkhyour MA, Chakroun R, Faidi F. Evaluation of environmental and biological monitoring methods for toluene exposure assessment in paint industry. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103538. [PMID: 36590749 PMCID: PMC9800628 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to Toluene in paint industry and to evaluate the environmental and biological monitoring techniques for the assessment of occupational exposure to this aromatic hydrocarbon. In this study, personal active and passive air sampling for toluene measurements, blood and urine sampling respectively for B-Tol and HA or U-Tol analyses for eight workers from two paint and thinner production factories were collected during four successive working days. Correlations were analyzed between biological indicators and environmental toluene exposure levels. The concentration of Toluene measured in air samples ranged from 0.2 to 414.0 ppm (mean = 59.8 ppm), with high variability of atmospheric levels between activities and between days. No significant difference was found between airborne toluene concentrations measured by the two sampling methods. The correlation between air concentrations sampled by the diffusive sampling method and the biomarkers was the best for HA (r = 0.902, p < 0.01), followed by B-Tol (r = 0.820; p < 0.01), o-Cr (r = 0.691; p < 0.01) and U-Tol (r = 0.607; p < 0.05). The correlation was better between air concentrations and urinary metabolites HA and o-Cr for exposure levels higher than 50 ppm (r = 0.931; p < 0.01), and lower than 300 ppm (r = 0.827; p < 0.01), respectively. According to our results, workers in the studied industries are highly exposed to Toluene. Given the high correlation found between toluene concentrations in samples taken on dosimeters and those actively sampled on charcoal tubes, it may be assumed that both sampling methods are valuable. Despite the influencing factors, HA was found to be a reliable biological indicator for the monitoring of occupational exposure to toluene for high exposure levels. However, B-Tol seems to be an interesting alternative, since it is more specific and showed the best correlations with airborne toluene levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansour A. Balkhyour
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radhouane Chakroun
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author.
| | - Faycal Faidi
- Al-Qunfudah Center for Scientific Research(QCSR), University College of Al-Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, 21912 Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia,Biology and Occupational Toxicology Laboratories Department, Tunisian Occupational Safety and Health Institute 5, Rue Mustapha Khaznadar, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kamali N, Abbas F, Lehane M, Griew M, Furey A. A Review of In Situ Methods-Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) for the Collection and Concentration of Marine Biotoxins and Pharmaceuticals in Environmental Waters. Molecules 2022; 27:7898. [PMID: 36431996 PMCID: PMC9698218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) are in situ methods that have been applied to pre-concentrate a range of marine toxins, pesticides and pharmaceutical compounds that occur at low levels in marine and environmental waters. Recent research has identified the widespread distribution of biotoxins and pharmaceuticals in environmental waters (marine, brackish and freshwater) highlighting the need for the development of effective techniques to generate accurate quantitative water system profiles. In this manuscript, we reviewed in situ methods known as Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) for the collection and concentration of marine biotoxins, freshwater cyanotoxins and pharmaceuticals in environmental waters since the 1980s to present. Twelve different adsorption substrates in SPATT and 18 different sorbents in POCIS were reviewed for their ability to absorb a range of lipophilic and hydrophilic marine biotoxins, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, antibiotics and microcystins in marine water, freshwater and wastewater. This review suggests the gaps in reported studies, outlines future research possibilities and guides researchers who wish to work on water contaminates using Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Kamali
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
- HALPIN Centre for Research & Innovation, National Maritime College of Ireland (NMCI), Munster Technological University (MTU), P43 XV65 Ringaskiddy, Ireland
| | - Feras Abbas
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
- CREATE (Centre for Research in Advanced Therapeutic Engineering) and BioExplore, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Lehane
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
- CREATE (Centre for Research in Advanced Therapeutic Engineering) and BioExplore, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Griew
- HALPIN Centre for Research & Innovation, National Maritime College of Ireland (NMCI), Munster Technological University (MTU), P43 XV65 Ringaskiddy, Ireland
| | - Ambrose Furey
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
- CREATE (Centre for Research in Advanced Therapeutic Engineering) and BioExplore, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Samon SM, Hammel SC, Stapleton HM, Anderson KA. Silicone wristbands as personal passive sampling devices: Current knowledge, recommendations for use, and future directions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107339. [PMID: 36116363 PMCID: PMC9713950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Personal chemical exposure assessment is necessary to determine the frequency and magnitude of individual chemical exposures, especially since chemicals present in everyday environments may lead to adverse health outcomes. In the last decade, silicone wristbands have emerged as a new chemical exposure assessment tool and have since been utilized for assessing personal exposure to a wide range of chemicals in a variety of populations. Silicone wristbands can be powerful tools for quantifying personal exposure to chemical mixtures in a single sample, associating exposure with health outcomes, and potentially overcoming some of the challenges associated with quantifying the chemical exposome. However, as their popularity grows, it is crucial that they are used in the appropriate context and within the limits of the technology. This review serves as a guide for researchers interested in utilizing silicone wristbands as a personal exposure assessment tool. Along with briefly discussing the passive sampling theory behind silicone wristbands, this review performs an in-depth comparison of wristbands to other common exposure assessment tools, including biomarkers of exposure measured in biospecimens, and evaluates their utility in exposure assessments and epidemiological studies. Finally, this review includes recommendations for utilizing silicone wristbands to evaluate personal chemical exposure and provides suggestions on what research is needed to recognize silicone wristbands as a premier chemical exposure assessment tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Samon
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Stephanie C Hammel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gardiner C, Robuck A, Becanova J, Cantwell M, Kaserzon S, Katz D, Mueller J, Lohmann R. Field Validation of a Novel Passive Sampler for Dissolved PFAS in Surface Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2375-2385. [PMID: 35833595 PMCID: PMC9558079 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Numerous per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of growing concern worldwide due to their ubiquitous presence, bioaccumulation and adverse effects. Surface waters in the United States have displayed elevated concentrations of PFAS, but so far discrete water sampling has been the commonly applied sampling approach. In the present study we field-tested a novel integrative passive sampler, a microporous polyethylene tube, and derived sampling rates (Rs ) for nine PFAS in surface waters. Three sampling campaigns were conducted, deploying polyethylene tube passive samplers in the effluent of two wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and across Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, USA) for 1 month each in 2017 and 2018. Passive samplers exhibited linear uptake of PFAS in the WWTP effluents over 16-29 days, with in situ Rs for nine PFAS ranging from 10 ml day-1 (perfluoropentanoic acid) to 29 ml day-1 (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid). Similar sampling rates of 19 ± 4.8 ml day-1 were observed in estuarine field deployments. Applying these Rs values in a different WWTP effluent predicted dissolved PFAS concentrations mostly within 50% of their observations in daily composite water samples, except for perfluorobutanoic acid (where predictions from passive samplers were 3 times greater than measured values), perfluorononanoic acid (1.9 times), perfluorodecanoic acid (1.7 times), and perfluoropentanesulfonic acid (0.1 times). These results highlight the potential use of passive samplers as measurement and assessment tools of PFAS in dynamic aquatic environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2375-2385. © 2022 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gardiner
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Rd, Narragansett, 02882 RI, USA
| | - Anna Robuck
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Rd, Narragansett, 02882 RI, USA
| | - Jitka Becanova
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Rd, Narragansett, 02882 RI, USA
| | - Mark Cantwell
- Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Sarit Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Katz
- Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Jochen Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Rd, Narragansett, 02882 RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Grabicová K, Vojs Staňová A, Švecová H, Nováková P, Kodeš V, Leontovyčová D, Brooks BW, Grabic R. Invertebrates differentially bioaccumulate pharmaceuticals: Implications for routine biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119715. [PMID: 35809709 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface water quality monitoring programs have been developed to examine traditional contaminants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, urbanization, which is increasing around the world, is increasing discharge of treated wastewater and raw sewage in many regions. Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites represent typical markers of such trajectories in urbanization. We selected an ongoing monitoring program, which was designed for routine surveillance of nonionizable POPs in different aquatic matrices, to examine the occurrence of 67 pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in water and multiple bioindicator matrices: benthic invertebrates, juvenile fish, and adult fish (plasma and muscle tissue) from ten river systems with varying levels of watershed development. In addition, we placed zebra mussels and passive samplers in situ for a fixed period. A statistically significant relationship between pharmaceutical levels in passive samplers and biota was found for caged zebra mussels and benthic invertebrates, while only a few pharmaceuticals were identified in fish matrices. Invertebrates, which have received relatively limited study for pharmaceutical bioaccumulation, accumulated more pharmaceuticals than fish, up to thirty different substances. The highest concentration was observed for sertraline in zebra mussels and telmisartan in benthic invertebrates (83 and 31 ng/g ww, respectively). Our results across diverse study systems indicate that ongoing surface water quality monitoring programs, which were originally designed for traditional organic pollutants, need to be revised to account for bioaccumulation dynamics of pharmaceuticals and other ionizable contaminants. Aquatic monitoring programs routinely examine accumulation of nonionizable organic pollutants; however, we identified that these efforts need to be revised to account for bioaccumulation of ionizable contaminants, which reached higher levels in invertebrates than in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Helena Švecová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Nováková
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Kodeš
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Section of Water Quality, Na Šabatce 17, CZ-143 06, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Drahomíra Leontovyčová
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Section of Water Quality, Na Šabatce 17, CZ-143 06, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bivins A, Kaya D, Ahmed W, Brown J, Butler C, Greaves J, Leal R, Maas K, Rao G, Sherchan S, Sills D, Sinclair R, Wheeler RT, Mansfeldt C. Passive sampling to scale wastewater surveillance of infectious disease: Lessons learned from COVID-19. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155347. [PMID: 35460780 PMCID: PMC9020839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Much of what is known and theorized concerning passive sampling techniques has been developed considering chemical analytes. Yet, historically, biological analytes, such as Salmonella typhi, have been collected from wastewater via passive sampling with Moore swabs. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, passive sampling is re-emerging as a promising technique to monitor SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater. Method comparisons and disease surveillance using composite, grab, and passive sampling for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection have found passive sampling with a variety of materials routinely produced qualitative results superior to grab samples and useful for sub-sewershed surveillance of COVID-19. Among individual studies, SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations derived from passive samplers demonstrated heterogeneous correlation with concentrations from paired composite samples ranging from weak (R2 = 0.27, 0.31) to moderate (R2 = 0.59) to strong (R2 = 0.76). Among passive sampler materials, electronegative membranes have shown great promise with linear uptake of SARS-CoV-2 RNA observed for exposure durations of 24 to 48 h and in several cases RNA positivity on par with composite samples. Continuing development of passive sampling methods for the surveillance of infectious diseases via diverse forms of fecal waste should focus on optimizing sampler materials for the efficient uptake and recovery of biological analytes, kit-free extraction, and resource-efficient testing methods capable of rapidly producing qualitative or quantitative data. With such refinements passive sampling could prove to be a fundamental tool for scaling wastewater surveillance of infectious disease, especially among the 1.8 billion persons living in low-resource settings served by non-traditional wastewater collection infrastructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Bivins
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, 3255 Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Devrim Kaya
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Warish Ahmed
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Joe Brown
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA
| | - Caitlyn Butler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 130 Natural Resources Rd., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Justin Greaves
- School of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, 6364 N. Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Raeann Leal
- Loma Linda University, School of Public Health, 24951 North Circle Drive, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Kendra Maas
- Microbial Analyses, Resources, and Services Facility, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Gouthami Rao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA
| | - Samendra Sherchan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Center for Climate and Health, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Deborah Sills
- Bucknell University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Ryan Sinclair
- Loma Linda University, School of Public Health, 24951 North Circle Drive, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Robert T Wheeler
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, 5735 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, 5735 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Cresten Mansfeldt
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Odekanle E, Fakinle B, Odejobi O, Akangbe O, Sonibare J, Akeredolu F, Oladoja O. COVID-19 induced restriction in developing countries and its impacts on pollution load: case study of Lagos mega city. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10402. [PMID: 36065213 PMCID: PMC9419998 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic globally in 2020 warranted urgent course of actions to guide against its escalation. The first and immediate measure adopted by several nations was the imposition of restriction on transport, industrial, commercial and social activities; and this step has thus, provided a platform for the impact assessment of the restrictions on ambient air quality, especially in developing nations such as Nigeria. The levels of four criteria air pollutants (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and PM10) in ambient air of Lagos city before, during and after the restriction periods were compared to establish the extent of change caused by the restrictions. The results revealed a decline of 74.0, 79.7, 55.0 and 58.5% in the levels of SO2, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10, respectively during the lockdown period. The results also revealed that, despite the huge reduction in the atmospheric emissions witnessed during lockdown period, air quality within the region was still poor, as the levels of most of the pollutants were above the recommended limits. These findings suggested that apart from the restricted activities, there are other air pollution sources within the city which increased the pollution load in the ambient air. Conclusively, while the restriction led to untold economic hardship, it equally enhanced quality of ambient air. Cleaner technology is advocated to ensure reduction in the consumption of fossil fuel instead of the common practice of end-of-pipe technology, for environmental sustainability.
Collapse
|
28
|
Snails as Temporal Biomonitors of the Occurrence and Distribution of Pesticides in an Apple Orchard. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13081185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The intensive use of pesticides in agricultural areas and the resulting effects have created a need to develop monitoring programs for their active assessment at low cost. This research entails a biomonitoring study of the pesticides in an apple orchard, using juvenile Cornu aspersum (O. F. Müller, 1774) snails exposed in field microcosms. The snails were deployed at three different locations in the orchard area and were used to assess the temporal biomonitoring of 100 different semi-volatile and non-volatile pesticides. The study was performed over an 18-week period and targeted the center, the border, and the outside of the orchard. Results showed that greater levels of pesticides were detected at the center of the orchard as compared to the other sites. The type and level of the applied pesticide influenced its environmental dissipation, as significantly greater levels of semi-volatile pesticides were accumulated by the caged snails in comparison to non-volatile pesticides. The presence of semi-volatile pesticides in the snails outside the orchard revealed the usefulness of these species in the biomonitoring of off-site pesticide emissions. The findings of this study showed that C. aspersum can serve as a reliable and effective model organism for the active biomonitoring of pesticide emissions in agricultural sites.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kahremanoğlu K, Tosun H, Eroğlu AE, Boyaci E. Recent progress in wearable extractive sampling technology. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
30
|
Gschwend P, MacFarlane J, Jensen D, Soo J, Saparbaiuly G, Borrelli R, Vago F, Oldani A, Zaninetta L, Verginelli I, Baciocchi R. In Situ Equilibrium Polyethylene Passive Sampling of Soil Gas VOC Concentrations: Modeling, Parameter Determinations, and Laboratory Testing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7810-7819. [PMID: 35537062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of low-density polyethylene (PE) sheets as equilibrium passive soil gas samplers to quantify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, and chlorinated solvents (e.g., trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene) in unsaturated subsurface environments was evaluated via modeling and benchtop testing. Two methods were devised to quantify such VOCs in PE. Key chemical properties, including PE-water (KPEw) and PE-air (KPEa) partition coefficients and diffusivities in the PE (Dpe), were determined. These KPEw, KPEa, and Dpe values were consistent with extrapolations of data based on larger compounds. Using these parameter values, field equilibration times of less than 1 day were estimated for such VOCs when using 70-100 μm thick PE sheets. Further, benchtop batch tests carried out in jars filled with VOC-contaminated soils, after 1 or 2 days, showed concentrations in soil air deduced from PE that were consistent with concentrations deduced by analyzing either water or headspace gases recovered from the same tests. Thus, PE-based measurements may overcome inaccuracies from using total soil concentrations and equilibrium partitioning models that may overestimate vapor phase concentrations up to 2 orders of magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Gschwend
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John MacFarlane
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Jensen
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jaren Soo
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Galym Saparbaiuly
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Raffaella Borrelli
- CHIFIS-Novara Laboratories (CENTR), Renewable, New Energies and Material Science Research Center (DE-R&D), Eni S.p.A, Via Fauser 4, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Fabio Vago
- CHIFIS-Novara Laboratories (CENTR), Renewable, New Energies and Material Science Research Center (DE-R&D), Eni S.p.A, Via Fauser 4, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Oldani
- CHIFIS-Novara Laboratories (CENTR), Renewable, New Energies and Material Science Research Center (DE-R&D), Eni S.p.A, Via Fauser 4, Novara 28100, Italy
| | | | - Iason Verginelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Renato Baciocchi
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nitti F, Almeida MIG, Morrison R, Cattrall RW, Pettigrove VJ, Coleman RA, Kolev SD. Flow-through passive sampler for zinc in freshwaters free from flow pattern, water cationic composition and temperature effects. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
32
|
Recent Advances in Sampling and Sample Preparation for Effect-Directed Environmental Analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
33
|
Habtewold J, McCarthy D, McBean E, Law I, Goodridge L, Habash M, Murphy HM. Passive sampling, a practical method for wastewater-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112058. [PMID: 34516976 PMCID: PMC8433097 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In search of practical and affordable tools for wastewater-based surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), three independent field experiments were conducted using three passive sampler sorbents (electronegative membrane, cotton bud, and gauze) in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Total daily cases during this study ranged from 2 to 17/100,000 people and 43/54 traditionally collected wastewater samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 with mean detectable concentrations ranging from 8.4 to 1780 copies/ml. Viral levels on the passive samplers were assessed after 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs of deployment in the wastewater and 43/54 membrane, 42/54 gauze, and 27/54 cotton bud samples were positive. A linear accumulation rate of SARS-CoV-2 on the membranes was observed up to 48 hours, suggesting the passive sampler could adequately reflect wastewater levels for up to two days of deployment. Due the variability in accumulation observed for the cotton buds and gauzes, and the pre-processing steps required for the gauzes, we recommend membrane filters as a simple cost-effective option for wastewater-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemaneh Habtewold
- Water, Health and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David McCarthy
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Australia
| | - Edward McBean
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ilya Law
- Water, Health and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Larry Goodridge
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marc Habash
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Heather M Murphy
- Water, Health and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhu T, Tao C. Prediction models with multiple machine learning algorithms for POPs: The calculation of PDMS-air partition coefficient from molecular descriptor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127037. [PMID: 34530267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane-air partition coefficient (KPDMS-air) is a key parameter for passive sampling to measure POPs concentrations. In this study, 13 QSPR models were developed to predict KPDMS-air, with two descriptor selection methods (MLR and RF) and seven algorithms (MLR, LASSO, ANN, SVM, kNN, RF and GBDT). All models were based on a data set of 244 POPs from 13 different categories. The diverse model evaluation parameters calculated from training and test set were used for internal and external verification. Notably, the Radj2, QBOOT2 and Qext2 are 0.995, 0.980 and 0.951 respectively for GBDT model, showing remarkable superiority in fitting, robustness and predictability compared with other models. The discovery that molecular size, branches and types of the bonds were the main internal factors affecting the partition process was revealed by mechanism explanation. Different from the existing QSPR models based on single category compounds, the models developed herein considered multiple classes compounds, so that its application domain was more comprehensive. Therefore, the obtained models can fill the data gap of missing experimental KPDMS-air values for compounds in the application range, and help researchers better understand the distribution behavior of POPs from the perspective of molecular structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengyi Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Cuicui Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Passive sampling technique for atmospheric 14C measurements. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
36
|
Birmili W, Daniels A, Bethke R, Schechner N, Brasse G, Conrad A, Kolossa-Gehring M, Debiak M, Hurraß J, Uhde E, Omelan A, Salthammer T. Formaldehyde, aliphatic aldehydes (C 2 -C 11 ), furfural, and benzaldehyde in the residential indoor air of children and adolescents during the German Environmental Survey 2014-2017 (GerES V). INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e12927. [PMID: 34473382 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air concentrations of formaldehyde, furfural, benzaldehyde, and 11 aliphatic aldehydes (C2 -C11 ) were measured in residences of 639 participants in the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V). Sampling was conducted using passive samplers over periods of approximately seven days for each participant. The most abundant compounds were formaldehyde and hexanal with median concentrations of 24.9 µg m-3 and 10.9 µg m-3 , respectively. Formaldehyde concentrations exceeded the Guide Value I recommended by the German Committee on Indoor Guide Values (Ausschuss für Innenraumrichtwerte - AIR) (0.10 mg m-3 ) for 0.3% of the participating residences. The sum of aliphatic n-aldehydes between C4 (butanal) and C11 (undecanal) exceeded their Guide Value (0.10 mg m-3 ) for 2.0% of the residences. The geometric mean concentrations of most aldehydes were lower than in the earlier GerES IV (2003-2006) study. Formaldehyde and hexanal concentrations, however, were comparable in both studies and showed no significant difference. Indoor aldehyde concentrations did not exhibit significant correlations with factors collected in questionnaires, such as the age of the participants, their socio-economic status, the location of the residence (former East/West Germany), migration background, tobacco exposure, and the type of furniture used. The validity of the passive sampler measurements was verified against active sampling techniques in a test chamber experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Birmili
- Department II 1 "Environmental Hygiene", German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Daniels
- Department II 1 "Environmental Hygiene", German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Bethke
- Department II 1 "Environmental Hygiene", German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Schechner
- Department II 1 "Environmental Hygiene", German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor Brasse
- Department II 1 "Environmental Hygiene", German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - André Conrad
- Department II 1 "Environmental Hygiene", German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marike Kolossa-Gehring
- Department II 1 "Environmental Hygiene", German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Debiak
- Department II 1 "Environmental Hygiene", German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Hurraß
- Department II 1 "Environmental Hygiene", German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infection Control and Environmental Hygiene, Cologne Health Authority, Cologne, Germany
| | - Erik Uhde
- Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Fraunhofer WKI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Omelan
- Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Fraunhofer WKI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tunga Salthammer
- Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Fraunhofer WKI, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pirogov AV, Markova ES, Anan’ev VY. Passive Adsorbers Based on Carbon Materials and Their Comparison for Estimating the Oil and Gas Potentials of Rocks. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821090082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
38
|
Nodeh-Farahani D, Bentley JN, Crilley LR, Caputo CB, VandenBoer TC. A boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) based probe for selective passive sampling of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) indoors. Analyst 2021; 146:5756-5766. [PMID: 34515696 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
People spend up to 90% of their time indoors, and yet our understanding of indoor air quality and the chemical processes driving it are poorly understood, despite levels of key pollutants typically being higher indoors compared to outdoors. Nitrous acid (HONO) is a species that drives these indoor chemical processes, with potentially detrimental health effects. In this work, a BODIPY-based probe was synthesized with the aim of developing the first selective passive sampler for atmospheric HONO. Our probe and its products are easily detected by UV-Vis spectroscopy with molar extinct coefficients of 37 863 and 33 787 M-1 cm-1, respectively, and a detection limit of 14.8 ng mL-1. When protonated, the probe fluoresces with a quantum yield of 33%, which is turned off upon reaction. The synthesized BODIPY probe was characterized using NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Products were characterized by UV-Vis and ultra high-resolution mass spectrometry. The reaction kinetics of the probe with nitrite was studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy, which had a pseudo-first-order rate of k = 7.7 × 10-4 s-1. The rapid reaction makes this probe suitable for targeted ambient sampling of HONO. This was investigated through a proof-of-concept experiment with gaseous HONO produced by a custom high-purity calibration source delivering the sample to the BODIPY probe in an acidic aqueous solution in clean air and a real indoor air matrix. The probe showed quantitative uptake of HONO in both cases to form the same products observed from reaction with nitrite, with no indication of interferences from ambient NO or NO2. The chemical and physical characteristics of the probe therefore make it ideal for use in passive samplers for selective sampling of HONO from the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan N Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Leigh R Crilley
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vanryckeghem F, Huysman S, Smedes F, Van Langenhove H, Vanhaecke L, Demeestere K. A Simple Teabag Equilibrium Passive Sampler using hydrophilic divinylbenzene sorbent for contaminants of emerging concern in the marine environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146055. [PMID: 33684757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A promising concept for sampling contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) using a home-made Simple Teabag Equilibrium Passive Sampler (STEPS) containing hydrophilic divinylbenzene (h-DVB) sorbent is presented and evaluated for application in estuarine systems. The uptake of a multi-class mixture of CECs with a broad polarity range (Log P ranging from -0.1 to 9.9) was investigated in static exposure batch experiments. Sampling rates (Rs) and equilibrium partitioning coefficients (Ksw) were determined for up to 74 CECs. Fast uptake (Rs = 0.3-12 L d-1) was noticed and the STEPS attained equilibrium partitioning after 1 to 2 weeks of exposure, with Log Ksw ranging from 4.1 to 6.5 L kg-1. Field application of this novel h-DVB containing STEPS, followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of up to 40 steroidal hormones, (alkyl)phenols, phthalates, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides in the Belgian Part of the North Sea. The measured trace concentrations (from 0.003 ng L-1 to 1.9 μg L-1) and good precision (average RSD < 30%, n = 3) demonstrate the STEPS as fit-for-purpose for micropollutant analysis in the marine environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Vanryckeghem
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steve Huysman
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (LCA), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Foppe Smedes
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (LCA), Merelbeke, Belgium; Queen's University, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
De María M, Silva-Sanchez C, Kroll KJ, Walsh MT, Nouri MZ, Hunter ME, Ross M, Clauss TM, Denslow ND. Chronic exposure to glyphosate in Florida manatee. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106493. [PMID: 33740675 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Florida manatees depend on freshwater environments as a source of drinking water and as warm-water refuges. These freshwater environments are in direct contact with human activities where glyphosate-based herbicides are being used. Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide and it is intensively used in Florida as a sugarcane ripener and to control invasive aquatic plants. The objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of glyphosate and its breakdown product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in Florida manatee plasma and assess their exposure to manatees seeking a warm-water refuge in Crystal River (west central Florida), and in South Florida. We analyzed glyphosate's and AMPA's concentrations in Florida manatee plasma (n = 105) collected during 2009-2019 using HPLC-MS/MS. We sampled eight Florida water bodies between 2019 and 2020, three times a year: before, during and after the sugarcane harvest using grab samples and molecular imprinted passive Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (MIP-POCIS). Glyphosate was present in 55.8% of the sampled Florida manatees' plasma. The concentration of glyphosate has significantly increased in Florida manatee samples from 2009 until 2019. Glyphosate and AMPA were ubiquitous in water bodies. The concentration of glyphosate and AMPA was higher in South Florida than in Crystal River, particularly before and during the sugarcane harvest when Florida manatees depend on warm water refuges. Based on our results, Florida manatees were chronically exposed to glyphosate and AMPA, during and beyond the glyphosate applications to sugarcane, possibly associated with multiple uses of glyphosate-based herbicides for other crops or to control aquatic weeds. This chronic exposure in Florida water bodies may have consequences for Florida manatees' immune and renal systems which may further be compounded by other environmental exposures such as red tide or cold stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maite De María
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Aquatic Animal Health Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Cecilia Silva-Sanchez
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Kevin J Kroll
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Michael T Walsh
- Aquatic Animal Health Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Margaret E Hunter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL 32653, United States.
| | - Monica Ross
- Clearwater Marine Aquarium, 249 Windward Passage, Clearwater, FL 33767, USA.
| | - Tonya M Clauss
- Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, Georgia, 225 Baker Street Northwest, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA.
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rojas-Challa Y, de Gyves J, Ortega-Muñoz R, Montiel-Aguirre F, González-Albarrán R, Rodríguez de San Miguel E. Comparative study of As (V) uptake in aqueous medium by a polymer inclusion membrane-based passive sampling device and two filamentous fungi (Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus sp.). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129920. [PMID: 33607495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) is proposed as passive sampler material and compared with two filamentous fungi for As (V) uptake to evaluate its ability as chemical surrogate material for the monitoring of this metalloid in aquatic environments. Results show excellent passive sampling characteristics of the device since a linear uptake profile as a function of time was observed. The correlation coefficients between the PIM passive sampler with Aspergillus niger (r = 0.83) and Rhizopus sp. (r = 0.13) uptake, show that the first species is the best modeled by the PIM, suggesting its potential as a chemical substitute in bioavailability studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahsé Rojas-Challa
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Cd.Mx. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Josefina de Gyves
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Cd.Mx. 04510, Mexico
| | - Raquel Ortega-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Cd.Mx. 04510, Mexico
| | - Fernando Montiel-Aguirre
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Cd.Mx. 04510, Mexico
| | - René González-Albarrán
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Cd.Mx. 04510, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez de San Miguel
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Cd.Mx. 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Díaz-Álvarez EA, de la Barrera E. Influence of Land Use on the C and N Status of a C 4 Invasive Grass in a Semi-Arid Region: Implications for Biomonitoring. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10050942. [PMID: 34065049 PMCID: PMC8151467 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution is an increasingly accepted practice. However, most existing biomonitors are usually epiphytic species from mesic environments. This work assessed the suitability of buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris), an invasive C4 grass in northwestern Mexico, as a biomonitor, by means of the spatial distribution of the carbon and nitrogen content and isotopic signatures for grass samples collected from urban, agricultural, and natural areas throughout the state of Sonora. We found the highest tissue carbon content of 45.6% (on a dry weight basis) and highest nitrogen content of 3.31% for buffelgrass from the Yaqui Valley. We also found the lowest δ13C of -15.9‰, and the highest δ15N of 16.7‰ in the same region. In contrast, the lowest carbon and nitrogen content of 39.4 and 1.49% were found for Bahía de Kino and Río Sonora mountains, respectively. The lowest δ15N of 2.18‰ and the highest δ13C of -13.7‰ were measured for two remote locations. These results show the influence that pollutant emissions, including agriculture and transportation, have on elemental and isotopic composition of vegetation. Buffelgrass is most adequate for tracking carbon and nitrogen emissions in arid environments and for determining alterations on nitrogen soil reactions, as a first approximation for saturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edison A. Díaz-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales, Universidad Veracruzana, Parque Ecológico “El Haya”, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec-Coapexpan, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico;
| | - Erick de la Barrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José del Cerrito, Morelia Michoacán 58190, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Galon L, Bragagnolo L, Korf EP, Dos Santos JB, Barroso GM, Ribeiro VHV. Mobility and environmental monitoring of pesticides in the atmosphere - a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-14258-x. [PMID: 33959837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the partition mechanisms in the agrochemical environment is fundamental for understanding their behavior within an ecosystem and mitigating possible adverse effects of these products. In this review, the objective was to present the main transport mechanisms, physical-chemical properties, and atmospheric monitoring methodologies of the most diverse types of agrochemicals used in agriculture that can reach the atmosphere and affect different compartments. It has been verified that volatilization is one of more considerable significance of the various forms of transport since a significant part of the applied pesticides can volatilize in a few days. As for monitoring these compounds in the atmosphere, both passive and active sampling have their advantages and disadvantages. Passive samplers allow sampling in large quantities and at remote locations, in addition to making continuous measurements, while active samplers have the advantage of being able to detect low concentrations and continuously. Since a significant portion of the applied pesticides is directed to the atmosphere, monitoring makes it possible to understand some properties of the pesticides present in the air. This monitoring can be done from different existing methodologies based on adopted criteria and existing technical standards. Graphical representation of mobility and environmental monitoring of atmospheric pollutants from pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Galon
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, ERS 135, km 72, n. 200, 99.700-000, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Lucimara Bragagnolo
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, ERS 135, km 72, n. 200, 99.700-000, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pavan Korf
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Postgraduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, ERS 135, km 72, n. 200, 99.700-000, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Barbosa Dos Santos
- Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367, km 583, n. 5000, zip code 39.100-000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Madureira Barroso
- Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367, km 583, n. 5000, zip code 39.100-000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Caban M, Lis H, Stepnowski P. Limitations of Integrative Passive Samplers as a Tool for the Quantification of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment - A Critical Review with the Latest Innovations. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1386-1407. [PMID: 33673780 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1881755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review starts with a presentation of the theory of kinetic uptake by passive sampling (PS), which is traditionally used to distinguish between integrative and equilibrium samplers. Demonstrated limitations of this model for the passive sampling of pharmaceuticals from water were presented. Most notably, the contribution of the protective membrane in the resistance to mass transfer of lipophilic analytes and the well documented effect of external parameters on sampling rates contributed to the greatest uncertainty in PS application. The diffusion gradient in thin layer (DGT) technique seems to reduce the effect of external parameters (e.g., flow rate) to some degree. The laboratory-determined integrative uptake periods over defined sampler deployments was compared, and the discrepancy found suggests that the most popular Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) could in some cases utilized as an equilibrium sampler. This assertion is supported by own calculations for three pharmaceuticals with extremely different lipophilic characters. Finally, the reasons performance reference compounds (PRCs) are not recommended for the reduction in uncertainty of the TWAC found by adsorptive samplers were presented. It was concluded that techniques of passive sampling of pharmaceuticals need a new uptake model to fit the current situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hanna Lis
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liang C, Chang JS, Chen TW, Hou Y. Passive membrane sampler for assessing VOCs contamination in unsaturated and saturated media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123387. [PMID: 32763689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling (PS) is a method employed to detect volatile organic compounds in groundwater and soil gas. This study attempted to manufacture a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dialysis passive sampler for potential application in detecting trichloroethylene (TCE) in aqueous and gaseous phases. The equilibrium time of the passive sampler was initially determined, followed by multilayer passive sampling in a three-dimensional sandbox to construct a tomography of TCE vapor spatial distribution in the vadose zone above the saturated water level. The results indicated that an equilibrium time period of >10 d was required in the aqueous phase containing TCE concentrations ranging from 3 to 25 mg L-1, while an equilibrium time period of >12 d was necessary for TCE vapor concentrations ranging from 2.6-26 mg L-1. Therefore, a 14 d of equilibrium time was suggested for application of this passive sampler in detecting vapor and aqueous phase TCE. After collection of the passive samples from the three-dimensional sandbox, a three dimensional visualization was created, and it was demonstrated to be a reasonable way to simulate a three dimensional TCE distribution. It was confirmed that the passive sampler developed in this study is effective for assessing TCE contamination in the subsurface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenju Liang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Jheng-Shin Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wen Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yuwen Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhu T, Chen W, Singh RP, Cui Y. Versatile in silico modeling of partition coefficients of organic compounds in polydimethylsiloxane using linear and nonlinear methods. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:123012. [PMID: 32544766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental fate, behavior and effects of hazardous organic compounds have recently received great attention in diverse environmental phases, including water, atmosphere, soil and sediment. Considering polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fibers were validated for the wide application in the determination of partition behavior in passive sampling, in this work, several in silico models were established to predict PDMS-water (KPDMS-w), PDMS-air (KPDMS-a) and PDMS-seawater partition coefficients (KPDMS-sw) of diverse chemicals. This is an attempt to combine conventional linear method and popular nonlinear algorithm for the estimation of partition coefficients between PDMS and different environmental media. All of the developed models showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit with high adjusted correlation coefficient (R2adj) and were validated to be robust, stable and predictable by various internal and external validation techniques, deriving a wide series of statistical checks. Moreover, it was found that hydrophobicity, polarizability, charge distribution and molecular size of compounds contributed significantly to the model development by interpreting the selected descriptors. Based on the broad applicability domains (ADs), the current study provides suitable tools to fill the experimental data gap for other compounds and to help researchers better understand the mechanistic basis of adsorption behavior of PDMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengyi Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenxuan Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Yanran Cui
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Field MS. Groundwater sampling in karst terranes: passive sampling in comparison to event-driven sampling strategy. HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 29:10.1007/s10040-020-02240-9. [PMID: 34349609 PMCID: PMC8328001 DOI: 10.1007/s10040-020-02240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Karst aquifers are very easily contaminated because of the surficial features that commonly exist in karst terranes. Pollutant releases into sinkholes, sinking streams, and/or losing streams commonly result in concentrated solutes rapidly infiltrating and migrating through the subsurface to eventually discharge at downgradient springs unless intercepted by production wells, but slow percolation through soils also may result in serious contamination of karst aquifers. The unique features of karst terranes tend to cause significant problems in the interpretation of results obtained from water-quality grab samples of karst groundwater. To obtain more representative samples, event-driven sampling was proposed some decades ago, but event-driven sampling can be difficult and expensive to implement. In this paper, application of passive-sampling strategies is advocated as a means for effectively obtaining representative water-quality samples from karst aquifers. A passive-sampling methodology may be particularly useful for karst aquifers that may be found in complexly folded and faulted terranes. For example, a groundwater tracing investigation of a contaminated site in a karst terrane confirmed that several offsite springs and wells are connected to the contaminated site. Tracer recoveries suggested transport rates that were relatively slow for flow in a karstic aquifer (~0.02 m/s). Breakthrough curves were erratic and spiky. To obtain representative groundwater samples, a passive-sampling methodology is recommended.
Collapse
|
48
|
Advances in Comprehensive Exposure Assessment: Opportunities for the US Military. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 61 Suppl 12:S5-S14. [PMID: 31800446 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Review advances in exposure assessment offered by the exposome concept and new -omics and sensor technologies. METHODS Narrative review of advances, including current efforts and potential future applications by the US military. RESULTS Exposure assessment methods from both bottom-up and top-down exposomics approaches are advancing at a rapid pace, and the US military is engaged in developing both approaches. Top-down approaches employ various -omics technologies to identify biomarkers of internal exposure and biological effect. Bottom-up approaches use new sensor technology to better measure external dose. Key challenges of both approaches are largely centered around how to integrate, analyze, and interpret large datasets that are multidimensional and disparate. CONCLUSIONS Advances in -omics and sensor technologies may dramatically enhance exposure assessment and improve our ability to characterize health risks related to occupational and environmental exposures, including for the US military.
Collapse
|
49
|
An integrated extraction method coupling pressurized solvent extraction, solid phase extraction and solid-phase micro extraction for the quantification of selected organic pollutants in air by gas and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
50
|
Dörter M, Odabasi M, Yenisoy-Karakaş S. Source apportionment of biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs in Bolu plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:139201. [PMID: 32402909 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Total of 69 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including both biogenic (isoprene, monoterpenes and oxygenated compounds) and anthropogenic ones were investigated in Bolu plateau by passive sampling technique. The main objective of this study was to determine spatial distributions, seasonal variations and possible sources for a wide variety of VOCs. Two-week passive sampling campaigns were performed in the winter and summer of 2017. Anthropogenic VOCs were predominant with a high percentage of contribution, 91% and 69% for winter and summer, respectively. Relatively higher concentrations of biogenic VOCs during the summer campaign were found to be related to higher solar intensity, temperature and amount of broad-leaved tree species. Benzaldehyde, toluene, phenol, benzene, hexane, decanal, benzothiazole, dodecane and acetophenone were anthropogenic VOCs with higher concentrations. Among biogenic VOCs, hexanal, alpha-pinene and limonene were found to be in higher concentrations. Spatial distribution maps were drawn for each VOC. Elevated concentrations of VOCs around the city center and major roads indicate that emissions from domestic heating activities and vehicular emissions can be significant sources of VOCs. The results were also supported by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analyses and G-score distribution maps. Solvent evaporation, wood-coal combustion, biogenic emissions (pine, grain, grass), city atmosphere (styrene emissions from plastic production), biogenic (hornbeam, pine, juniper) and vehicle emissions were the identified as the primary VOC sources in Bolu plateau, contributing 31%, 22%, 8.0%, 8.0%, 13%, and 18%, respectively to the total VOC concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melike Dörter
- Department of Chemistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Odabasi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|