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Li ZB, Liu J, Xu YN, Sun XM, Peng YH, Zhao Q, Lin YA, Huang YR, Ren L. Hydrophilic, Porous, Fiber-Reinforced Collagen-Based Membrane for Corneal Repair. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300449. [PMID: 38178686 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Collagen membrane with outstanding biocompatibility exhibits immense potential in the field of corneal repair and reconstruction, but the poor mechanical properties limit its clinical application. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polymer widely explored for application in corneal reconstruction due to its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, easy processability, and flexibility. In this study, a PCL/collagen composite membrane with reinforced mechanical properties is developed. The membrane has a strong composite structure with collagen by utilizing a porous and hydrophilic PCL scaffold, maintaining its integrity even after immersion. The suture retention and mechanical tests demonstrate that compared with the pure collagen membrane, the prepared membrane has a greater tensile strength and twice the modulus of elasticity. Further, the suture retention strength is improved by almost two times. In addition, the membrane remains fully intact on the implant bed in an in vitro corneal defect model. Moreover, the membrane can be tightly sutured to a rabbit corneal defect, progressively achieve epithelialization, and remain unchanged during observation. Overall, the PCL/collagen composite membrane is a promising candidate as a suturable corneal restoration material in clinical keratoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Biao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ni Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Min Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Hai Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Bio-land Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Proud Seeing Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510300, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yong-An Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Rui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Li Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Bio-land Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Proud Seeing Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510300, P. R. China
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Vikash B, Shashi, Pandey NK, Kumar B, Wadhwa S, Goutam U, Alam A, Al-Otaibi F, Chaubey P, Mustafa G, Gupta G, Dua K, Singh SK. Formulation and evaluation of ocular self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of brimonidine tartrate. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Moghimipour E, Farsimadan N, Salimi A. Ocular Delivery of Quercetin Using Microemulsion System: Design, Characterization, and Ex-vivo Transcorneal Permeation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e127486. [PMID: 36945341 PMCID: PMC10024810 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-127486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The goal of this research was to design and characterize quercetin microemulsions (MEs) to resolve water solubility issues related to quercetin and improve transcorneal permeation into the eye. Methods MEs were prepared by the phase diagram method. Oily phase (oleic acid-Transcutol P), surfactant (Tween 80, Span 20), and co-surfactant (propylene glycol) were used to make a quercetin-loaded ME. The size of the droplets, their viscosity, pH, release, flux, and diffusivity were all measured. Results Droplet diameters in ME samples ranged from 5.31 to 26.07 nanometers. The pH varied from 5.22 to 6.20, and the release test revealed that 98.06 percent of the medication was released during the first 24 hours. The flux and diffusivity coefficients of the ME-QU-8 formulation were 58.8 µg/cm2.h and 0.009 cm2/h, respectively, which were 8.8 and 17.9 times greater than the quercetin aqueous control (0.2 percent). The maximum percentage of drug permeated through rabbit cornea after five hours was 16.11%. Conclusions It is concluded that ME containing quercetin could increase transcorneal permeation and that permeation could be altered by any change in the composition of the ME formulation. This effect might be caused by structural alterations in the cornea caused by ME components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskandar Moghimipour
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Negar Farsimadan
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Anayatollah Salimi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Chetoni P, Burgalassi S, Zucchetti E, Granchi C, Minutolo F, Tampucci S, Monti D. MAGL inhibitor NanoMicellar formulation (MAGL-NanoMicellar) for the development of an antiglaucoma eye drop. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122078. [PMID: 35932931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ocular endocannabinoid system (ECS) including enzymes and CB1/CB2 receptors determines various substantial effects, such as anti-inflammatory activity and reduction of the intraocular pressure (IOP). The modulation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels obtained via MAGL inhibition is considered as a promising pharmacological strategy to activate the ECS. Within the scope of this study, the effect of a selective monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor (MAGL17b) was investigated by measuring the IOP reduction in normotensive rabbits after performing a solubilisation process of the molecule with non-ionic surfactants, to produce suitable eye drops containing the highest possible concentration of the drug. Furthermore, the study involved the evaluation of cytotoxicity and of in vitro/ex vivo corneal permeation of MAG17b of selected formulations based on polyoxyl(35)castor oil (C-EL) and polyethylene glycol (80) sorbitan monolaurate (TW80). The solubilisation of 0.5 mM MAGL17b with 3% w/w TW80 (TW80/3-17b), through the formation of NanoMicellar structures (diameter of 12.3 nm), determined a significant permeation of MAGL17b, both through excised rabbits corneas and reconstituted corneal epithelium, with a limited corneal epithelial cells death. The blockade of MAGL activity induced a IOP reduction up to 4 mmHg in albino and pigmented rabbits after topical instillation, thus confirming the potential efficacy of the MAGL inhibition approach in the treatment of ocular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Chetoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Susi Burgalassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Tampucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
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Soni PK, Saini TR. Formulation design and optimization of cationic-charged liposomes of brimonidine tartrate for effective ocular drug delivery by Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1847-1866. [PMID: 35484943 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2070198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to design and optimize brimonidine tartrate (BRT) loaded cationic-charged liposome formulation with enhanced trans-corneal drug permeation, prolonged corneal residence, and sustained drug release for effective ocular delivery. METHODS Design of experiment (DoE) based formulation optimization was done by 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design selecting lipid, cholesterol, and drug content as independent variables and particle size (PS), PDI, zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (EE%), and cumulative % drug release (CDR) as response variables. The optimized formulation consisting of 79.2 mM lipid, 36.2 mM cholesterol, and 15.8 mg/ml drug was prepared by thin film hydration-sonication method using EPCS:DOTAP(1:1) as lipid component and characterized for all desired critical quality attributes (CQAs), drug release kinetics, TEM, DSC, XRD analysis, ex-vivo trans-corneal drug permeation, and physical stability studies. RESULTS The optimized liposome formulation exhibited experimentally observed responses close to predicted values having 150.4 nm (PS), 0.203 (PDI), 30.62 mV (ZP), and 55.17% (EE). The observed CDR(%) was 36.15% at 1h and 91.13% at 12h exhibiting sustained drug release profile and followed Higuchi drug release kinetics. The TEM, DSC, and XRD studies revealed spherical, nanosized, small unilamellar vesicles effectively entrapping BRT in liposomes. The ex-vivo permeation study across goat cornea recorded apparent permeability (Papp) 1.011 ± 0.07 cm.min-1 and steady-state flux (Jss) 17.63 ± 1.22 µg.cm-2.min-1 showing >2 fold enhanced drug permeation as compared to BRT solution. CONCLUSION The developed liposomal formulation possessed all recommended CQAs in optimal range with enhanced trans-corneal drug permeation and remained physically stable in 3 months stability study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash K Soni
- Nanotechnology Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Shri G. S. Institute of Technology and Science, 23- Park Road, Indore - 452003 (M.P.), India
| | - T R Saini
- Nanotechnology Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Shri G. S. Institute of Technology and Science, 23- Park Road, Indore - 452003 (M.P.), India
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Mazzotta C, Ferrise M, Gabriele G, Gennaro P, Meduri A. Chemically-Boosted Corneal Cross-Linking for the Treatment of Keratoconus through a Riboflavin 0.25% Optimized Solution with High Superoxide Anion Release. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061324. [PMID: 33806928 PMCID: PMC8004796 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a novel buffered riboflavin solution approved for corneal cross-linking (CXL) in progressive keratoconus and secondary corneal ectasia. Following the in vivo preclinical study performed on New Zealand rabbits comparing the novel 0.25% riboflavin solution (Safecross®) containing 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with a 0.1% riboflavin solution containing 0.10% EDTA, accelerated epithelium-off CXL was performed on 10 patients (10 eyes treated, with the contralateral eye used as control) through UV-A at a power setting of 9 mW/cm2 with a total dose of 5.4 J/cm2. Re-epithelialization was evaluated in the postoperative 7 days by fluorescein dye test at biomicroscopy; endothelial cell count and morphology (ECD) were analyzed by specular microscopy at the 1st and 6th month of follow-up and demarcation line depth (DLD) measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) one month after the treatment. We observed complete re-epithelization in all eyes between 72 and 96 h after surgery (88 h on average). ECD and morphology remained unchanged in all eyes. DLD was detected at a mean depth of 362 ± 50 µm, 20% over solutions with equivalent dosage. SafeCross® riboflavin solution chemically-boosted corneal cross-linking seems to optimize CXL oxidative reaction by higher superoxide anion release, improving DLD by a factor of 20%, without adverse events for corneal endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Mazzotta
- Departmental Ophthalmology Unit and USL Toscana Sud-Est, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Post Graduate Ophthalmology School, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Siena Crosslinking Center, Via Sandro Pertini 7, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrise
- Siena Crosslinking Center, Via Sandro Pertini 7, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Studio Oculistico Ferrise, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Guido Gabriele
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Le Scotte” Hospital, Viale M. Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Paolo Gennaro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Le Scotte” Hospital, Viale M. Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Alessandro Meduri
- Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry, Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
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Youssef AAA, Cai C, Dudhipala N, Majumdar S. Design of Topical Ocular Ciprofloxacin Nanoemulsion for the Management of Bacterial Keratitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:210. [PMID: 33802394 PMCID: PMC7998883 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis (BK) is a critical ocular infection that can lead to serious visual disability. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), moxifloxacin (MOX), and levofloxacin (LFX) have been accepted as monotherapies by the US Food and Drug Administration for BK treatment. CIP is available commercially at 0.3% w/v concentration as an ophthalmic solution and as an ointment for ocular delivery. Because of solubility issues at physiological pH, CIP precipitation can occur at the corneal surface post instillation of the solution dosage form. Consequently, the ocular bioavailability of CIP is reduced. The ointment dosage form is associated with side effects such as blurred vision, itching, redness, eye discomfort, and eye dryness. This study aimed to design a CIP loaded nanoemulsion (NE; CIP-NE) to facilitate drug penetration into the corneal layers for improved therapeutic outcomes as well as to overcome the drawbacks of the current commercial ophthalmic formulations. CIP-NE formulations were prepared by hot homogenization and ultrasonication, using oleic acid (CIP-O-NE) and Labrafac® Lipophile WL 1349 (CIP-L-NE) as the oily phase, and Tween® 80 and Poloxamer 188 as surfactants. Optimized CIP-NE was further evaluated with respect to in vitro release, ex vivo transcorneal permeation, and moist heat sterilization process, using commercial CIP ophthalmic solution as a control. Optimized CIP-O-NE formulation showed a globule size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of 121.6 ± 1.5 nm, 0.13 ± 0.01, and -35.1 ± 2.1 mV, respectively, with 100.1 ± 2.0% drug content and was spherical in shape. In vitro release and ex vivo transcorneal permeation studies exhibited sustained release and a 2.1-fold permeation enhancement, respectively, compared with commercial CIP ophthalmic solution. Autoclaved CIP-O-NE formulation was found to be stable for one month (last time-point tested) at refrigerated and room temperature. Therefore, CIP-NE formulation could serve as an effective delivery system for CIP and could improve treatment outcomes in BK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Chuntian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Narendar Dudhipala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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Gebreel RM, Edris NA, Elmofty HM, Tadros MI, El-Nabarawi MA, Hassan DH. Development and Characterization of PLGA Nanoparticle-Laden Hydrogels for Sustained Ocular Delivery of Norfloxacin in the Treatment of Pseudomonas Keratitis: An Experimental Study. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:399-418. [PMID: 33584095 PMCID: PMC7875077 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s293127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim Norfloxacin (NFX) has low ocular bioavailability. The current work aimed to develop NFX-loaded nanoparticle (NP)-laden hydrogels to improve the ocular potential of NFX, minimize the need for frequent instillations and lower undesirable side effects. Methods NFX-loaded NPs were developed via the double-emulsion/solvent evaporation technique, according to 21.41 full factorial design, using two types of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer and four (drug: polymer) ratios. NPs were evaluated for particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), drug entrapment efficiency percentage (EE%), drug percentage released after 30 min (Q30min) and 12 hours (Q12h), drug percentage permeated through goat corneas after 30 min (P30min) and 12 hours (P12h) and morphology. Two formulae were statistically selected and incorporated into hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based hydrogels; G1 – G4. The latter systems were evaluated for appearance, clarity, pH, spreadability, rheology, drug percentages released, drug percentages permeated, antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and histopathological changes. Results The selected NPs (NP2 and NP6) were spherical in shape and possessed suitable PS (392.02 nm and 190.51 nm) and PDI (0.17 and 0.18), high magnitude of ZP (−30.43 mV and −33.62 mV), high EE% (79.24% and 91.72%), low Q30min (10.96% and 16.65%) and P30min (17.39% and 21.05%) and promising Q12h (58.23% and 71.20%) and P12h (53.31% and 65.01%), respectively. Clear, spreadable, tolerable, pseudoplastic, and thixotropic HPMC-based hydrogels were developed. They showed more prolonged drug release and drug permeation profiles. NP2- and NP6-laden hydrogels (G3 and G4 systems, respectively) had promising antibacterial activity, and reasonable histopathological safety. Conclusion G3 and G4 are potential ocular delivery systems for NFX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M Gebreel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha A Edris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M Elmofty
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina I Tadros
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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Thermodynamic Characterization of Free and Surface Water of Colloidal Unimolecular Polymer (CUP) Particles Utilizing DSC. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061417. [PMID: 32599952 PMCID: PMC7362172 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal Unimolecular Polymer (CUP) particles are spheroidal, 3–9 nm with charged groups on the surface and a hydrophobic core, which offer a larger surface water fraction to improve the analysis of its characteristics. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to determine the characteristics of surface water. These properties include the amount of surface water, the layer thickness, density, specific heat of the surface water above and below the freezing point of water, melting point depression of free water, effect of charge density and particle size. The charge density on the CUP surface was varied as well as the molecular weight which controls the particle diameter. The surface water is proportional to the weight fraction of CUP <20%. Analogous to recrystallization the CUP particles were trapped in the ice when rapidly cooled but slow cooling excluded the CUP, causing inter-molecular counterion condensation and less surface water. The density of surface water was calculated to be 1.023 g/mL to 1.056 g/mL depending on the surface charge density. The thickness of surface water increased with surface charge density. The specific heat of surface water was found to be 3.04 to 3.07 J/g·K at 253.15 K and 3.07 to 3.09 J/g·K at 293.15 K. The average area occupied by carboxylate and ester groups on the CUP surface were determined.
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10
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Taka E, Karavasili C, Bouropoulos N, Moschakis T, Andreadis DD, Zacharis CK, Fatouros DG. Ocular co-Delivery of Timolol and Brimonidine from a Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel for the Treatment of Glaucoma: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E126. [PMID: 32575910 PMCID: PMC7344471 DOI: 10.3390/ph13060126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective pharmacotherapy during glaucoma treatment depends on interventions that reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) and retain the IOP lowering effect for sufficient time so as to reduce dosing frequency and enhance patient adherence. Combination anti-glaucoma therapy and dosage forms that increase precorneal residence time could therefore constitute a promising therapeutic intervention. The in-situ gel forming self-assembling peptide ac-(RADA)4-CONH2 was evaluated as carrier for the ocular co-delivery of timolol maleate (TM) and brimonidine tartrate (BR). The hydrogel's microstructure and mechanical properties were assessed with atomic force microscopy and rheology, respectively. Drug diffusion from the hydrogel was evaluated in vitro in simulated tear fluid and ex vivo across porcine corneas and its effect on the treated corneas was assessed through physicochemical characterization and histological analysis. Results indicated that TM and BR co-delivery affected hydrogel's microstructure resulting in shorter nanofibers and a less rigid hydrogel matrix. Rapid and complete release of both drugs was achieved within 8 h, while a 2.8-fold and 5.4-fold higher corneal permeability was achieved for TM and BR, respectively. No significant alterations were induced in the structural integrity of the corneas treated with the hydrogel formulation, suggesting that self-assembling peptide hydrogels might serve as promising systems for combination anti-glaucoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissavet Taka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (D.G.F.)
| | - Christina Karavasili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (D.G.F.)
| | - Nikolaos Bouropoulos
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, GR-26504 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Moschakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios D. Andreadis
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios G. Fatouros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.T.); (D.G.F.)
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Rasoanirina BNV, Lassoued MA, Kamoun A, Bahloul B, Miladi K, Sfar S. Voriconazole-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to improve transcorneal permeability. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:694-703. [PMID: 32064993 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1731532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop self- nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to improve the transcorneal permeability of voriconazole. A 'mixture design around a reference mixture' approach was applied. This latter included four components, namely, isopropyl myristate, PEG 400, Tween® 80 and Span® 80 as oil, co-solvent, surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. Droplet size was selected as response. The effect of mixture components on droplet size was analyzed by means of response trace method. Optimal formulation was subjected to stability studies and characterized for droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), pH, osmolarity, viscosity and percentage of transmittance. Ex-vivo transcorneal permeation of the optimal and the marketed formulations was carried out on excised bovine cornea using Franz cell diffusion apparatus. Optimal voriconazole loaded-SNEDDS showed moderate emulsification efficiency and was characterized by a droplet size of 21.447 ± 0.081 nm, a PDI of 0.156 ± 0.004, a pH of 7.205 ± 0.006, an osmolarity of 310 mosmol/Kg and a viscosity of 8.818 ± 0.076 cP. Moreover, it presented an excellent stability and exhibited a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in apparent permeability coefficient (1.982 ± 0.187 × 10-6 cm/s) when compared to commercialized formulation (1.165 ± 0.106 × 10-6 cm/s). These results suggest that SNEDDS is a promising carrier for voriconazole ocular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Ali Lassoued
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amel Kamoun
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials, National School of Engineering, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Badr Bahloul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Karim Miladi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Souad Sfar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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12
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Lakhani P, Patil A, Wu KW, Sweeney C, Tripathi S, Avula B, Taskar P, Khan S, Majumdar S. Optimization, stabilization, and characterization of amphotericin B loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for ocular drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118771. [PMID: 31669555 PMCID: PMC7323935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study sought to formulate, optimize, and stabilize amphotericin B (AmB) loaded PEGylated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and to study its ocular biodistribution following topical instillation. AmB loaded PEGylated NLC (AmB-PEG-NLC) were fabricated by hot-melt emulsification followed by high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique. 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)] (mPEG-2K-DSPE) was used for surface PEGylation. mPEG-DSPE with different PEG molecular weight, 1 K, 2 K, 5 K, 10 K, and 20 K, were screened for formulation stability. Furthermore, the AmB loaded PEGylated (2K) NLC (AmB-PEG2K-NLC) was optimized using Box-Behnken design with respect to the amount of AmB, castor oil, mPEG-2K-DSPE, and number of high-pressure homogenization cycles as the factors; particle size, zeta potential, PDI, entrapment efficiency, and loading efficiency as responses. Stability of the optimized AmB-PEG2K-NLC was assessed over 4 weeks, at 4 °C as well as 25 °C and effect of autoclaving was also evaluated. AmB-PEG2K-NLC were tested for their in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), AmB resistant Candida albicans (ATCC 200955) and Aspergillus fumigatus (ATCC 204305). Cytotoxicity of AmB-PEG2K-NLC was studied in human retinal pigmented epithelium cells. In vivo ocular biodistribution of AmB was evaluated in rabbits, following topical application of PEGylated NLCs or marketed AmB preparations. PEGylation with mPEG-2K-DSPE prevented leaching of AmB and increased the drug load significantly. The optimized formulation was prepared with a particle size of 218 ± 5 nm; 0.3 ± 0.02 PDI, 4.6 ± 0.1% w/w drug loading, and 92.7 ± 2.5% w/w entrapment efficiency. The optimized colloidal dispersions were stable for over a month, at both 4 °C and 25 °C. AmB-PEG2K-NLCs showed significantly (p < 0.05) better antifungal activity in both wild-type and AmB resistant Candida strains and, was comparable to, or better than, commercially available parenteral AmB formulations like Fungizone™ and AmBisome®. AmB-PEG2K-NLC did not show any toxicity up to a highest concentration of 1% (v/v) (percent formulation in medium). Following topical instillation, AmB was detected in all the ocular tissues tested and statistically significant (p > 0.05) difference was not observed between the formulations tested. An optimized autoclavable and effective AmB-PEG2K-NLC ophthalmic formulation with at least one-month stability, in the reconstituted state, has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prit Lakhani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Akash Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Kai-Wei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Corinne Sweeney
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Siddharth Tripathi
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Pranjal Taskar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Shabana Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
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13
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Qi P, Sun L, Ma J, Yao J, Lin L, Zhang L, Wang Y, Liu W. Ex vivo quantitative analysis of human corneal stroma dehydration by near-infrared absorption spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800472. [PMID: 31050858 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Corneal water content and hydrodynamics are critical indicators of eye health. In this work, a convenient method based on near-infrared absorption spectroscopy (NIRA) was presented to measure the relative water content of the corneal stroma ex vivo, which paves the way to measure corneal water content in vivo. The relative water content of fresh corneal stroma during dehydration under natural conditions (temperature, 25.8 ± 0.3°C; humidity, 7.2% ± 0.9%) was monitored in real time, and the characteristic time τ when the relative water content dropped to 90% of the fresh corneal stroma was 140.1 ± 30.6 s. Furthermore, the change in the relative water content over time was found to be linear with a dehydration rate of 0.071% per second, consistent with indirect optical coherence pachymetry but with superior reproducibility and precision. Provided that the NIRA spectrometer is changed to a reflection structure from the current transmission configuration, the NIRA method proposed in this work has great potential for in vivo measurement with the advantages of non-contact, high precision and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Qi
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaonan Ma
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiali Yao
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lie Lin
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin, China
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He F, Liu J, Ye P, Wu J, Liang G, Xu W. Biophysical and microstructural changes of swelling cornea caused by endothelial cells damage. Physiol Res 2019; 68:827-833. [PMID: 31424248 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical properties and microstructural changes of swelling cornea which caused by endothelial cells damage will be evaluated. Swelling cornea models were established by endothelial cells damage in 114 Sprague Dawley rats. Relative gray value, swelling rate and light transmittance were measured to evaluated the biophysical properties and microstructure changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Relative gray value decreased while swelling rate rose along with time and both of them reached relative stability after 7 days. Light transmittance showed a decline trend with time even after corneal thickness had reached stable stage. Observed by transmission electron microscopy, interfibrillar distance increased, fewer proteoglycans coating appeared and remnants proteoglycan branches became thinner and longer in 7 days. Diameter of fibrils didn't change obviously with time. In cornea edema models caused by endothelial cells damage, the changes of biophysical property and microstructure can help us evaluate corneal edema accurately and objectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F He
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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15
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Mohamed YH, Uematsu M, Ueki R, Inoue D, Sasaki H, Kitaoka T. Safety of sodium hyaluronate eye drop with C12-benzalkonium chloride. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2019; 38:156-160. [DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2018.1543316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, EL-Minia University Hospital, EL-Minia, Egypt
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ueki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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16
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Shen Y, Yu Y, Chaurasiya B, Li X, Xu Y, Webster TJ, Tu J, Sun R. Stability, safety, and transcorneal mechanistic studies of ophthalmic lyophilized cyclosporine-loaded polymeric micelles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8281-8296. [PMID: 30584300 PMCID: PMC6287540 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s173691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is generally used as an immunosuppressant and is also prescribed for some ophthalmic applications such as vernal keratoconjunctivitis and dry eye. However, it is limited clinically due to its low aqueous solubility and ocular bioavailability. Methods In this work, lyophilized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) (mPEG-PLA) polymer micelles were prepared for ophthalmic formulations as a promising nanocarrier for hydrophobic drugs like CsA. A mPEG-PLA diblock polymer was synthesized by ring opening polymerization and CsA was loaded into mPEG-PLA micelles by a simple film dispersion method. A uniform design of experiments was utilized to optimize the final formulation. The obtained formulation was characterized for diameter (57.0±3.2 nm), entrapment efficiency % (98.51±1.4), and in vitro release. Moreover, incorporating the stabilizer mPEG2000 could increase the in vitro stability of the lyophilized CsA-loaded mPEG-PLA micelles. Results Results showed a sustained release of CsA from the micelles. Drug concentration and time-dependent cytotoxicity of human corneal epithelial-2 cells was observed. Additionally, the transcorneal mechanism of mPEG-PLA micelles was studied and the results showed that the mPEG-PLA micelles mainly absorbed by a paracellular pathway via corneal epithelial cells. Conclusion Taken together, the results proved that this mPEG-PLA diblock polymer can be potentially used as a nanoscopic carrier to deliver hydrophobic drugs in a controlled manner to the ocular region and, thus, deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Yinglan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Birendra Chaurasiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiasheng Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Runing Sun
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,
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17
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Thakur S, Shrestha D, Rupenthal I. Evaluation of 2 ex vivo Bovine Cornea Storage Protocols for Drug Delivery Applications. Ophthalmic Res 2018; 61:204-209. [DOI: 10.1159/000493488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Yu Y, Chen D, Li Y, Yang W, Tu J, Shen Y. Improving the topical ocular pharmacokinetics of lyophilized cyclosporine A-loaded micelles: formulation, in vitro and in vivo studies. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:888-899. [PMID: 29631468 PMCID: PMC6058700 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1458923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is one of the most common disorders of the eye for which combined treatment includes modification of the ocular environment and pathogenic therapies. Cyclosporine A (CsA), a immunosuppressive agent, has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of DES but is limited clinically by its low ocular bioavailability due to poor water solubility. In this paper, methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lactide) polymer (mPEG-PLA) micelles were investigated as alternative vehicles for the solubilization and delivery of CsA to the eye. The in vitro stability indicated that CsA-loaded micellar lyophilized powder was stable for at least 3 months and the release profile showed a sustained release manner of CsA from micelles physically. In vivo ocular distribution studies demonstrated that the micellar formulations exhibited a 4.5-fold increase in retention effect at eyes compared with 0.05% CsA emulsion. In addition, the in vivo pharmacokinetics profile showed that the CsA-loaded micelles could enhance the retention time, achieving longer effect toward the DES. These studies proposed an effective micelle formulation as a novel ocular drug delivery system to improve solubility and bioavailability of ophthalmic CsA-controlled delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Yu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Daquan Chen
- b School of Pharmacy , Yantai University , Yantai , China
| | - Yanan Li
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Wenqian Yang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jiasheng Tu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yan Shen
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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19
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Curcumin-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Ocular Drug Delivery: Design Optimization and Characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018; 47:159-166. [PMID: 32601526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study sought to formulate, optimize, and evaluate curcumin-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for their in vitro and ex vivo characteristics. NLCs, prepared using hot-melt emulsification and ultrasonication techniques, were optimized using a Central Composite Design (CCD) and evaluated for their in vitro physicochemical characteristics. Their stability over a 3 month period and transcorneal permeation across excised rabbit corneas (ex vivo) were assessed for the optimized NLCs. The optimized NLC, with a particle size of 66.8 ± 2 nm, polydispersity index of 0.17±0.05, entrapment efficiency of 96 ± 1.6%, and drug loading of 3.1 ± 0.05% w/w, was chosen using CCD. The optimized NLCs showed optimum ex vivo stability at 4°C for the study period and demonstrated a significant increase in curcumin permeation (~2.5-fold) across the rabbit cornea in comparison to the control. Overall, these studies indicated the successful development of NLCs using the design of experiment approach; the formulation enhanced curcumin permeation across excised corneas and did not show any harmful side effects.
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20
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Sharif Makhmal Zadeh B, Niro H, Rahim F, Esfahani G. Ocular Delivery System for Propranolol Hydrochloride Based on Nanostructured Lipid Carrier. Sci Pharm 2018; 86:E16. [PMID: 29677103 PMCID: PMC6027676 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm86020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One drawback of traditional forms of medical ocular dosage is drug dilution by tear; moreover, drugs are rapidly drained away from pre-corneal cavity by tear flow and lacrimo-nasal drainage. Prolonging contact time with different strategies and mucoadhesive vehicles will help to continuously deliver drugs to the eyes. For this study, we prepared and evaluated the effects of a nanostructure lipid carrier (NLC) on propranolol hydrochloride as a hydrophilic drug model for rabbit corneal permeation. Propranolol hydrochloride NLC was prepared using cold homogenization. The lipid was melted, then the drug and surfactant were dispersed and stirred into the melted lipid. This fused lipid phase was scattered in aqueous solution containing the cosurfactant at 4 °C and then homogenized. We evaluated particle size, drug loading, drug release, and NLC permeability through rabbit cornea as well as the formula’s effect on the cornea. Our results show that drug loading efficiency depended on the surfactant/lipid ratio (S/L) and the percentages of liquid lipid and Transcutol (Gattefosse, Saint-Priest, France) (as solubilizer). Drug release data were evaluated with the Higuchi model and a significant correlation was shown between the S/L ratio and the amount of drug released after 4 and 48 h. NLC formulations improved propranolol hydrochloride permeation. We conclude that the effect of the NLC formulations was due to mucoadhesive and film forming properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Sharif Makhmal Zadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, 6135715794 Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hassan Niro
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, 6135715794 Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Ciences, 6135715794 Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Golbarg Esfahani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, 6135715794 Ahvaz, Iran.
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21
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Agarwal P, Scherer D, Günther B, Rupenthal ID. Semifluorinated alkane based systems for enhanced corneal penetration of poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2018; 538:119-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Karavasili C, Komnenou A, Katsamenis OL, Charalampidou G, Kofidou E, Andreadis D, Koutsopoulos S, Fatouros DG. Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Hydrogels for Controlled Ocular Delivery of Timolol Maleate. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3386-3394. [PMID: 33445378 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembling peptides Ac-(RADA)4-CONH2 and Ac-(IEIK)3I-CONH2, which form hydrogels in physiological conditions, were evaluated as carriers for ocular delivery of the β-blocker timolol maleate. Electron microscopy studies revealed that hydrogels contain nanofibers, whereas rheological studies showed that the Ac-(IEIK)3I-CONH2 self-assembles in a stiffer hydrogel compared with the Ac-(RADA)4-CONH2 peptide. The in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies demonstrated controlled release and transport of the drug through the cornea, which depended on the self-assembling peptide sequence. In vivo studies in rabbits showed significant increase in the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) after administration of the drug through the Ac-(RADA)4-CONH2 hydrogel compared to drug solution, whereas a sustained reduction of intraocular pressure for up to 24 h after instillation was achieved for both drug-loaded hydrogels. Histological studies revealed good ocular tolerability upon application of the formulations, suggesting that self-assembling peptide hydrogels are promising systems for sustained ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Orestis L Katsamenis
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Sotirios Koutsopoulos
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Kumar R, Sinha VR. Lipid Nanocarrier: an Efficient Approach Towards Ocular Delivery of Hydrophilic Drug (Valacyclovir). AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:884-894. [PMID: 27368921 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on the fabrication and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for improved ocular delivery of valacyclovir (VAC). Stearic acid and tristearin were selected as the lipid carrier while Poloxamer 188 and sodium taurocholate were used as surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. The physiochemical properties of the optimized batch (SLN-6) fulfil the prerequisites needed for an ideal ocular formulation like submicron size (202.5 ± 2.56 nm), narrow PDI (0.252 ± 0.06), high zeta potential (-34.4 ± 3.04 mV) and good entrapment efficiency (58.82 ± 2.45%). The in vitro release study of SLN-6 exhibited a sustained release profile (>60% in 12 h). The ex vivo studies performed on excised cornea exhibited enhanced drug permeation of SLNs (22.17 ± 1.41 μg/cm2 h) in comparison to the drug solution (3.78 ± 1.34 μg/cm2 h). Apart, the corneal hydration studies, histopathology and Hen's Egg Test Chorio Allantoic Membrane (HETCAM) assay, confirmed the non-irritancy of SLNs. The in vivo study confirmed improved ocular bioavailability of VAC from SLN-6 (AUC0-12: 856.47 ± 7.86 μg h/mL) in contrast to the drug solution (AUC0-12: 470.75 ± 8.91 μg h/mL). Hence, the overall studies suggested the potential of SLNs in efficient ocular delivery of a hydrophilic molecule like VAC.
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Nanostructured materials for ocular delivery: nanodesign for enhanced bioadhesion, transepithelial permeability and sustained delivery. Ther Deliv 2016; 6:1365-76. [PMID: 26652282 DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective drug delivery to the eye is an ongoing challenge due to poor patient compliance coupled with numerous physiological barriers. Eye drops for the front of the eye and ocular injections for the back of the eye are the most prevalent delivery methods, both of which require relatively frequent administration and are burdensome to the patient. Novel drug delivery techniques stand to drastically improve safety, efficacy and patient compliance for ocular therapeutics. Remarkable advances in nanofabrication technologies make the application of nanostructured materials to ocular drug delivery possible. This article focuses on the use of nanostructured materials with nanoporosity or nanotopography for ocular delivery. Specifically, we discuss nanotopography for enhanced bioadhesion and permeation and nanoporous materials for controlled release drug delivery. As examples, application of polymeric nanostructures for greater transepithelial permeability, nanostructured microparticles for enhanced preocular retention time and nanoporous membranes for tuning drug release profile are covered.
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Modern approaches to the ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:977-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kumar R, Sinha VR. Solid lipid nanoparticle: an efficient carrier for improved ocular permeation of voriconazole. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1956-1967. [PMID: 27143048 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1185437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This research focuses on the fabrication and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for improved ocular delivery of voriconazole (VCZ). Compritol and palmitic acid were selected as lipid carriers based on drug solubility and partitioning behavior. Poloxamer and soya lecithin were the choice for surfactant, while sodium taurocholate was used as a co-surfactant. The particle sizes of the SLNs determined by zetasizer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were found within the desired range. The in vitro release study of SLNs exhibited a sustained-release property of the drug. The ex vivo studies displayed enhanced corneal drug permeation from SLNs in comparison to the drug suspension. Further, the corneal hydration studies, histopathology and Hen's Egg Test Chorio Allantoic Membrane (HETCAM) assay confirmed the non-irritancy of the nano-formulation. The in vivo study confirmed the higher availability of VCZ (from SLN) in aqueous humor with minimal nasolacrymal drainage in contrast to the drug suspension. A good in-vitro in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) further confirmed the potential of SLN as an effective carrier for ocular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , UIPS, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Vivek Ranjan Sinha
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , UIPS, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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Uematsu M, Mohamed YH, Onizuka N, Ueki R, Inoue D, Fujikawa A, Sasaki H, Kitaoka T. Less Invasive Corneal Transepithelial Electrical Resistance Measurement Method. Ocul Surf 2016; 14:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Uematsu M, Mohamed YH, Onizuka N, Ueki R, Inoue D, Fujikawa A, Kitaoka T. A novel in vivo corneal trans-epithelial electrical resistance measurement device. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 76:65-71. [PMID: 26291653 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.08.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a device that is capable of easily measuring corneal transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and changes in the corneal barrier function. METHODS We had previously developed an in vivo method for measuring corneal TER using intraocular electrode. This method can be used to precisely measure the decline of the corneal barrier function after instillation of benzalkonium chloride (BAC). In order to lessen the invasiveness of that procedure, we further refined the method for measuring the corneal TER by developing electrodes that could be placed on the cornea and in the conjunctival sac instead of inserting them into the anterior chamber. TER was then calculated by subtracting the electrical resistance, which lacked the corneal epithelial input, from the whole electrical resistance that was measured between the electrodes. Slit lamp examination and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine safety of the new device. Corneal TER changes after exposure to 0.02% BAC were determined using the new device as well as SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Slit lamp examination before and after exposure of rabbits' corneas to the sensor confirmed safety of the device. SEM examination revealed no difference of the corneal epithelium which exposed to the new device with normal corneas. SEM and TEM pictures revealed damaged microvilli and tight junctions after instillation of 0.02% BAC. TER change after treatment with 0.02%BAC was similar to those determined by the established anterior chamber method. CONCLUSION We succeeded to develop a less invasive device for corneal TER measurement in vivo in animals. This new device may be applicable in the future for clinical use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, EL-Minia University Hospital, EL-Minia, Egypt
| | - Naoko Onizuka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ueki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Azusa Fujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Uematsu M, Mohamed YH, Onizuka N, Ueki R, Inoue D, Fujikawa A, Sasaki H, Kitaoka T. Acute corneal toxicity of latanoprost with different preservatives. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2015; 35:120-5. [DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2015.1058272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Babar N, Kim M, Cao K, Shimizu Y, Kim SY, Takaoka A, Trokel SL, Paik DC. Cosmetic preservatives as therapeutic corneal and scleral tissue cross-linking agents. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:1274-82. [PMID: 25634979 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-16035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previously, aliphatic β-nitroalcohols (BNAs) have been studied as a means to chemically induce tissue cross-linking (TXL) of cornea and sclera. There are a number of related and possibly more potent agents, known as formaldehyde releasers (FARs), that are in commercial use as preservatives in cosmetics and other personal care products. The present study was undertaken in order to screen such compounds for potential clinical utility as therapeutic TXL agents. METHODS A chemical registry of 62 FARs was created from a literature review and included characteristics relevant to TXL such as molecular weight, carcinogenicity/mutagenicity, toxicity, hydrophobicity, and commercial availability. From this registry, five compounds [diazolidinyl urea (DAU), imidazolidinyl urea (IMU), sodium hydroxymethylglycinate (SMG), DMDM hydantoin (DMDM), 5-Ethyl-3,7-dioxa-1-azabicyclo [3.3.0] octane (OCT)] were selected for efficacy screening using two independent systems, an ex vivo rabbit corneal cross-linking simulation setup and incubation of cut scleral tissue pieces. Treatments were conducted at pH 7.4 or 8.5 for 30 minutes. Efficacy was evaluated using thermal denaturation temperature (Tm), and cell toxicity was studied using the trypan blue exclusion method. RESULTS Cross-linking effects in the five selected FARs were pH and concentration dependent. Overall, the Tm shifts were in agreement with both cornea and sclera. By comparison with BNAs previously reported upon, the FARs identified in this study were significantly more potent but with similar or better cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The FARs, a class of compounds well known to the cosmetic industry, may have utility as therapeutic TXL agents. The compounds studied thus far show promise and will be further tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Babar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - MiJung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Kerry Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Yukari Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Su-Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Anna Takaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Stephen L Trokel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - David C Paik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
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Wang F, Chen L, Zhang D, Jiang S, Shi K, Huang Y, Li R, Xu Q. Methazolamide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles modified with low-molecular weight chitosan for the treatment of glaucoma:vitroandvivostudy. J Drug Target 2014; 22:849-58. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.939983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Gao XC, Qi HP, Bai JH, Huang L, Cui H. Effects of Oleic Acid on the Corneal Permeability of Compounds and Evaluation of its Ocular Irritation of Rabbit Eyes. Curr Eye Res 2014; 39:1161-8. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.904361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Qi HP, Gao XC, Zhang LQ, Wei SQ, Bi S, Yang ZC, Cui H. In vitro evaluation of enhancing effect of borneol on transcorneal permeation of compounds with different hydrophilicities and molecular sizes. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 705:20-5. [PMID: 23458068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the enhancing effect of borneol on transcorneal permeation of compounds with different hydrophilicities and molecular sizes. Six compounds, namely rhodamine B, sodium-fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextrans of 4, 10, 20 and 40 kDa were selected as model drugs. Permeation studies were performed using excised cornea of rabbits by a Franz-type diffusion apparatus. The safety of borneol was assessed on the basis of corneal hydration level and Draize eye test. The application of 0.2% borneol to the cornea increased the apparent permeability coefficient by 1.82-(P<0.05), 2.49-(P<0.05), 4.18-(P<0.05) and 1.11-fold (not significant) for rhodamine B, sodium-fluorescein, FITC-dextrans of 4 and 10 kDa, respectively. No significant permeability enhancement of FITC dextrans of 10, 20 and 40 kDa with borneol was found compared to control. The permeability coefficient enhanced by 0.2% borneol was linear correlated to the molecular weight of model drugs (R(2)=0.9976). With the 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% borneol application, the corneal hydration values were <83% and Draize scores were <4. Borneol may improve the transcorneal penetration of both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds without causing toxic reactions, especially hydrophilic ones. Furthermore, 0.2% borneol can enhance the permeation of hydrophilic compounds with molecular weight ≤4 kDa. Hence, borneol can be considered as a safe and effective penetration enhancer for ocular drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Song J, Bi H, Xie X, Guo J, Wang X, Liu D. Natural borneol enhances geniposide ophthalmic absorption in rabbits. Int J Pharm 2013; 445:163-70. [PMID: 23376228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of natural borneol (NB) on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ophthalmic administered geniposide (Ge) in rabbits. In vitro permeability characteristics of Ge in excised rabbit corneas were evaluated using Franz-type cells. The effect of NB on Ge pharmacokinetic profiles in vivo was studied with microdialysis. Concentrations of Ge were determined with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) following ophthalmic administration of Ge alone or with NB (0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.04%) or 0.5% ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Ocular irritation was evaluated using the Draize method and histological examination. Ge solution alone (control solution) had limited corneal permeability. The ratio of the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) with respect to the control solution significantly increased by approximately 1.6-, 2.0-, and 2.4-fold at NB concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04%, respectively. The Papp for Ge with 0.5% EDTA (positive control) was approximately 1.7-fold higher than that for control solution. Compared to control solution, Ge exhibited a 1.46-, 2.16-, and 2.47-fold greater AUC0-6h, and 2.0-, 3.5-, and 4.4-fold greater Cmax, with 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04% NB, respectively, while Tmax remained unchanged. In conclusion, the ocular bioavailability of Ge significantly increased in the presence of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jike Song
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16369#, Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
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Lai JY. Corneal stromal cell growth on gelatin/chondroitin sulfate scaffolds modified at different NHS/EDC molar ratios. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2036-55. [PMID: 23337203 PMCID: PMC3565364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14012036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanoscale modification strategy that can incorporate chondroitin sulfate (CS) into the cross-linked porous gelatin materials has previously been proposed to give superior performance for designed corneal keratocyte scaffolds. The purpose of this work was to further investigate the influence of carbodiimide chemistry on the characteristics and biofunctionalities of gelatin/CS scaffolds treated with varying N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)/1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) molar ratios (0-1) at a constant EDC concentration of 10 mM. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dimethylmethylene blue assays consistently indicated that when the NHS to EDC molar ratio exceeds a critical level (i.e., 0.5), the efficiency of carbodiimide-mediated biomaterial modification is significantly reduced. With the optimum NHS/EDC molar ratio of 0.5, chemical treatment could achieve relatively high CS content in the gelatin scaffolds, thereby enhancing the water content, glucose permeation, and fibronectin adsorption. Live/Dead assays and interleukin-6 mRNA expression analyses demonstrated that all the test samples have good cytocompatibility without causing toxicity and inflammation. In the molar ratio range of NHS to EDC from 0 to 0.5, the cell adhesion ratio and proliferation activity on the chemically modified samples significantly increased, which is attributed to the increasing CS content. Additionally, the materials with highest CS content (0.143 ± 0.007 nmol/10 mg scaffold) showed the greatest stimulatory effect on the biosynthetic activity of cultivated keratocytes. These findings suggest that a positive correlation is noticed between the NHS to EDC molar ratio and the CS content in the biopolymer matrices, thereby greatly affecting the corneal stromal cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
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El-Sousi S, Nácher A, Mura C, Catalán-Latorre A, Merino V, Merino-Sanjuán M, Díez-Sales O. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose films for the ophthalmic delivery of diclofenac sodium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:193-200. [PMID: 23278686 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to prepare diclofenac/hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and diclofenac-loaded nanoparticles/HPMC films as potential systems for ocular delivery. METHODS Two different concentration of the polymer were used: 1.5 and 2.0% w/v. Chitosan-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles were prepared by the ionotropic gelation technique. Nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, drug encapsulation efficiency and rheological studies. In-vitro drug studies and corneal penetration release studies were carried out. Drug release mechanism was finally evaluated by fitting the Ritger and Peppas equation to data. In addition corneal hydration level was calculated to determine whether films could damage the corneas. KEY FINDINGS Diclofenac HPMC films presented a faster drug release and a higher drug penetration than nanoparticles; on the contrary nanoparticles containing films were able to give a more sustained release of the drug and thus a slower diclofenac permeation through the cornea than HPMC films. CONCLUSIONS Nanoparticles loaded with diclofenac sodium in HPMC films may be a valuable alternative for the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases, since these formulations offer the benefit of sustained releasing directly to the site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah El-Sousi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine
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Chen Q, Zheng Y, Li Y, Zeng Y, Kuang J, Hou S, Li X. The effect of deacetylated gellan gum on aesculin distribution in the posterior segment of the eye after topical administration. Drug Deliv 2012; 19:194-201. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2012.690003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ye J, Wu H, Wu Y, Wang C, Zhang H, Shi X, Yang J. High molecular weight hyaluronan decreases oxidative DNA damage induced by EDTA in human corneal epithelial cells. Eye (Lond) 2012; 26:1012-20. [PMID: 22595911 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2012.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the toxic effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), a corneal penetration enhancer in topical ophthalmic formulations, on DNA in human corneal epithelial cells (HCEs), and to investigate whether the effect induced by EDTA can be inhibited by high molecular weight hyaluronan (HA). METHODS Cells were exposed to EDTA in concentrations ranging from 0.00001 to 0.01% for 60 min, or 30 min high molecular weight HA pretreatment followed by EDTA treatment. The cell viability was measured by the MTT test. Cell apoptosis was determined with annexin V staining by flow cytometry. The DNA single- and double-strand breaks of HCEs were examined by alkaline comet assay and by immunofluorescence microscope detection of the phosphorylated form of histone variant H2AX (γH2AX) foci, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed by the fluorescent probe, 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. RESULTS EDTA exhibited no adverse effect on cell viability and did not induce cell apoptosis in human corneal epithelial cells at concentrations lower than 0.01%. However, a significant increase of DNA single- and double-strand breaks was observed in a dose-dependent manner with all the concentrations of EDTA tested in HCEs. In addition, EDTA treatment led to elevated ROS generation. Moreover, 30 min preincubation with high molecular weight HA significantly decreased EDTA-induced ROS generation and DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS EDTA could induce DNA damage in HCEs, probably through oxidative stress. Furthermore, high molecular weight HA was an effective protective agent that had antioxidant properties and decreased DNA damage induced by EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Yavuz B, Bozdağ Pehlivan S, Ünlü N. An overview on dry eye treatment: approaches for cyclosporin a delivery. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:194848. [PMID: 22619624 PMCID: PMC3349326 DOI: 10.1100/2012/194848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES, Keratoconjunctivitis sicca) is a common disorder of the tear film caused by decreased tear production or increased evaporation. Changes in tear composition also promote inflammation on the ocular surface by various mechanisms. Artificial tear drops, tear retention treatment, stimulation of tear secretion, or anti-inflammatory drugs may be used for dry eye treatment according to the severity of the disease. For untreated patients, the risk of ocular infection increases at considerable level and clinical course of the disease may proceed up to infection, corneal ulcer, and blindness. Artificial tears and/or punctual occlusions are used for tear replacement or preservation. New treatment approaches are designed to modify the underlying disease process. For the treatment of severe dry eye disease, cyclosporin A (CsA), the first one of the new generation immunomodulatory drugs, which has an anti-inflammatory effect, is frequently used. CsA has immunosuppressive effects following systemic application. Following local administration of CsA, it is expected to obtain effective drug concentration at the target area and to avoid the various side effects associated with systemic delivery. Microspheres, implants, and liposomes have been developed for administration of CsA subconjunctivally in order to enhance its efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burçin Yavuz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Bozdağ Pehlivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurşen Ünlü
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Seyfoddin A, Al-Kassas R. Development of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers for improving ocular delivery of acyclovir. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:508-19. [PMID: 22424312 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.665460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to improve the ocular bioavailability of acyclovir by incorporating it into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). This required optimization of the process parameters, such as type of lipid, drug to lipid ratios, type and concentration of surfactants, and type and amount of liquid lipids used in the formulations. SLNs and NLCs were prepared by the modified hot oil in water microemuslion method. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for their particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, solid state characteristics, surface morphology, in vitro drug release, and permeation through excised cornea. The prepared nanoparticles were spherical and within the size range suitable for ocular drug delivery (400-777.56 nm). Incorporation of liquid oil in the structure of SLNs resulted in the formation of NLCs with high entrapment efficiency (25-91.64%) compared to SLNs (11.14%). The drug release from SLNs and NLCs was rather a surface-based phenomenon. In comparison to free drug solution, NLCs were capable of having faster permeation through the excised cornea indicating their potential enhanced corneal penetration properties. However, SLNs have reduced the permeation rate significantly. The results of the study suggest that SLNs can be successfully converted to physically superior NLCs, which have the potential to be developed further as ocular drug delivery systems for ACV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Seyfoddin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Lai JY, Li YT, Cho CH, Yu TC. Nanoscale modification of porous gelatin scaffolds with chondroitin sulfate for corneal stromal tissue engineering. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1101-14. [PMID: 22403490 PMCID: PMC3292420 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reflect the importance of using naturally occurring biopolymers as three-dimensional corneal keratocyte scaffolds and suggest that the porous structure of gelatin materials may play an important role in controlling nutrient uptake. In the current study, the authors further consider the application of carbodiimide cross-linked porous gelatin as an alternative to collagen for corneal stromal tissue engineering. The authors developed corneal keratocyte scaffolds by nanoscale modification of porous gelatin materials with chondroitin sulfate (CS) using carbodiimide chemistry. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the amount of covalently incorporated polysaccharide was significantly increased when the CS concentration was increased from 0% to 1.25% (w/v). In addition, as demonstrated by dimethylmethylene blue assays, the CS content in these samples was in the range of 0.078–0.149 nmol per 10 mg scaffold. When compared with their counterparts without CS treatment, various CS-modified porous gelatin membranes exhibited higher levels of water content, light transmittance, and amount of permeated nutrients but possessed lower Young’s modulus and resistance against protease digestion. The hydrophilic and mechanical properties of scaffolds modified with 0.25% CS were comparable with those of native corneas. The samples from this group were biocompatible with the rabbit corneal keratocytes and showed enhanced proliferative and biosynthetic capacity of cultured cells. In summary, the authors found that the nanoscale-level modification has influence on the characteristics and cell-material interactions of CS-containing gelatin hydrogels. Porous membranes with a CS content of 0.112 ± 0.003 nmol per 10 mg scaffold may hold potential for use in corneal stromal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Lai JY, Wang TP, Li YT, Tu IH. Synthesis, characterization and ocular biocompatibility of potential keratoprosthetic hydrogels based on photopolymerized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-poly(acrylic acid). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rolando M, Crider JY, Kahook MY. Ophthalmic preservatives: focus on polyquaternium-1. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:1425-38. [PMID: 21905766 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.617736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ophthalmic preservatives, such as polyquaternium-1 (PQ-1), are critical for the inhibition of growth of microbial contaminants in multi-dose bottles of topical medications. These antimicrobial agents must have a high efficacy against pathogenic organisms, while maintaining a favorable tolerability and safety profile. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the ophthalmic preservative PQ-1. For comparison purposes, the most commonly used preservative, benzalkonium chloride (BAK), is also discussed. This survey focuses primarily on data collected during the past 10 years. EXPERT OPINION Effective drug delivery requires more than just an active ingredient that achieves its desired biological effect on end-target tissues. In addition, drugs must be stable in the containers that they are stored in, and must possess minimal undesired local and systemic side effects that can cause patients to decrease their adherence. In addressing these concerns, specifically in topical ophthalmic drops, one must take into account the active ingredients, vehicle components and preservatives. Medications with fewer adverse effects may lead to enhanced adherence to therapy; therefore, the induction of such adverse outcomes must be considered by physicians when treating patients with chronic ocular disease. Although BAK will continue to be used in ophthalmic medications, due to its familiarity and compatibility with a broad range of topical ocular formulations, PQ-1 is certainly a viable alternative in the preservative formulary armamentarium.
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Jukanti R, Gaddam P, Jalagam M, Bandari S. Transcorneal Permeation of Ciprofloxacin Liposomes: Effect of Surface Charge and Nonionic Surfactants. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2010.488492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Effect of menthol on ocular drug delivery. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 249:1503-10. [PMID: 21597947 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-011-1703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess how safe and effective it is to use menthol as a permeability enhancer in ophthalmic drug delivery systems. METHODS In this study, the effect of menthol on permeability of dexamethasone disodium phosphate in the cornea and sclera was investigated in vitro. Application of topical drops and subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone disodium phosphate with or without 0.1% menthol was administered to rabbit eyes, and the drug concentration was detected in aqueous humor, cornea, vitreous, and retinochoroidal tissues. The safety of menthol was assessed on the basis of corneal hydration level, Draize test, electroretinography (ERG), and histological examination. RESULTS 0.05% and 0.1% menthol significantly enhanced the penetration of dexamethasone in the cornea, but did not change the dexamethasone penetration in sclera in vitro. When topical drops of dexamethasone containing 0.1% menthol were administered, a significantly increased concentration of dexamethasone in the cornea and aqueous humor tissues was reported, but dexamethasone concentrations remained unaffected in the retina-choroid tissues. On the other hand, increased drug concentration in aqueous humor, cornea, vitreous and retinochoroidal tissues was achieved through subconjunctival injection. No signs of irritation were observed when menthol was administered at concentrations ranging from 0.025%-0.1%; moreover, no substantial toxic reactions were observed in corneal hydration level, electrophysiological, or histological examinations after the addition of 0.1% menthol. CONCLUSIONS Menthol may improve the ocular penetration of a drug in a transcorneal and transscleral drug delivery system without causing toxic reactions.
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Burgalassi S, Nicosia N, Monti D, Falcone G, Boldrini E, Fabiani O, Lenzi C, Pirone A, Chetoni P. Arabinogalactan as active compound in the management of corneal wounds: in vitro toxicity and in vivo investigations on rabbits. Curr Eye Res 2011; 36:21-8. [PMID: 21174594 PMCID: PMC3154582 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2010.523193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Aims of the present investigation were to prove that natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan (AG) is well tolerated after ocular administration and exerts a high restoring effect on corneal epithelium abrasions. Materials and Methods: AG interactions with corneal cells, as well as its effect on their proliferation, were evaluated employing rabbit corneal epithelial cell cultures. The effects due to the presence of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) were also studied on cell cultures, ex vivo on rabbit isolated corneas, evaluating the hydration level, and on the healing rate of experimental corneal wounds in rabbits. Furthermore, the healing process of corneal lesions treated with an experimental 5.0% AG solution was studied and compared with those obtained applying solutions of hyaluronic acid and tamarind seed polysaccharide, both chosen as a reference by virtue of their well-known adjuvant properties on corneal trophism; the study was carried out by light and transmission electron microscopy. Results: BAK showed toxic effects on corneal epithelium in all experiments. AG proved to stimulate the growth of the corneal epithelial cells by interacting at the level of the cell plasma membrane. The microscopy observations of the epithelial surface of AG-treated damaged corneas revealed a well-restored and histologically organized ultrastrucrure characterized by fully formed microvilli and glycocalyx; the healing process resulted faster with respect to spontaneously recovered untreated corneas. Conclusion: Our results suggest that AG can interact with corneal epithelial cells without any toxic side effect; moreover, it proved to stimulate cell proliferation, thus promoting tissue re-epithelial-ization and reorganization just 48 hr post-wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Burgalassi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, Pisa, Italy.
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Liu R, Liu Z, Zhang C, Zhang B. Gelucire44/14 as a novel absorption enhancer for drugs with different hydrophilicities: in vitro and in vivo improvement on transcorneal permeation. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3186-3195. [PMID: 21416467 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the application of Gelucire44/14 as a novel absorption enhancer in ophthalmic drug delivery system. Six compounds, namely ribavirin, puerarin, mangiferin, berberin hydrochloride, baicalin, and curcumin in the order of increasing lipophilicity were selected as model drugs. The effect of Gelucire44/14 on transcorneal permeation was evaluated across excised rabbit cornea. Ocular irritation and precorneal retention time were assessed. Additionally, aqueous humor pharmacokinetic test was performed by microdialysis. The results indicated that Gelucire44/14, at a concentration of 0.05% or 0.1% (w/v), was found to maximally increase the apparent permeability coefficient by 6.47-, 4.14-, 3.50-, 3.97-, 2.92-, and 1.86-fold for ribavirin, puerarin, mangiferin, berberin hydrochloride, baicalin, and curcumin, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, Gelucire44/14 was nonirritant at broad concentrations of 0.025%-0.4% (w/v). Pharmacokinetic tests showed that Gelucire44/14 promoted ocular bioavailability of the compounds as indicated by 5.40-, 4.03-, 3.46-, 3.57-, 2.77-, and 1.77-fold maximal increase in the area under the curve for the drugs aforementioned, respectively (p < 0.01). Therefore, Gelucire44/14 exerted a significant improvement on the permeation of both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, especially hydrophilic ones. Hence, Gelucire44/14 can be considered as a safe and effective absorption enhancer for ophthalmic drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300193, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300193, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China.
| | - Chengui Zhang
- Engineering Center of Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Corporation Ltd., Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Boli Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
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Vaede D, Baudouin C, Warnet JM, Brignole-Baudouin F. Les conservateurs des collyres : vers une prise de conscience de leur toxicité. J Fr Ophtalmol 2010; 33:505-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lanchares E, Calvo B, del Buey M, Cristóbal J, Doblaré M. The Effect of Intraocular Pressure on the Outcome of Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy: A Numerical Approach. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2010. [DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.1.3.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Uccello-Barretta G, Nazzi S, Zambito Y, Di Colo G, Balzano F, Sansò M. Synergistic interaction between TS-polysaccharide and hyaluronic acid: Implications in the formulation of eye drops. Int J Pharm 2010; 395:122-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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