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Uematsu M, Mohamed YH, Kusano M, Inoue D, Harada K, Tang D, Kitaoka T, Yagita K. Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis - first outbreak in Japan. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:752. [PMID: 37915107 PMCID: PMC10621313 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most cases of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis are found in the Southern hemisphere. Our purpose was to investigate the first outbreak of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in Japan among healthy, immunocompetent soccer players from the same team during a 1-month period. CASE PRESENTATION This study is an observational case series. The medical records were analyzed for five cases with microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis who presented within September 2022. All five cases were males between 28 and 36 years old. These previously healthy individuals belonged to the same football team. Their eyes were considered susceptible to contaminated water or dirt from the turf at game and practice sites. All cases involved unilateral conjunctivitis, with scattered round white lesions that showed positive fluorescein staining in the corneal epithelium. All cases experienced diminution of vision in the affected eye. In three cases, direct smears showed spores of approximately 2-3 μm in diameter. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of corneal scrapes revealed partial amplification of microsporidial 18 S ribosomal RNA gene in four cases. Sequences of PCR products from all four cases showed 100% identity with strains of Vittaforma corneae previously reported from an outbreak in Singapore. All cases were treated with topical therapy, including voriconazole, fluorometholone, and levofloxacin. Four eyes underwent corneal scraping. After treatment, all eyes healed without residual opacities. CONCLUSIONS Only a few sporadic case reports of this disease have previously been reported in Japan. We detected V. corneae in our case series, representing what appears to be the first outbreak of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in Japan. Exposure to contaminated water or soil, in addition to inadequate sanitary facilities, represents a potential source of infection. Further investigations to clarify the characteristics of microsporidia seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Mao Kusano
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Harada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Diya Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Yagita
- Department of Parasitology, The National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Kusano M, Mohamed YH, Uematsu M, Inoue D, Harada K, Tang D, Kitaoka T. Whole Corneal Descemetocele. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1780. [PMID: 37893498 PMCID: PMC10608096 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To report a case of microbial keratitis complicated by severe corneal melting and whole corneal descemetocele. Methods: A 72-year-old male farmer presented with a right corneal ulcer involving nearly the entire cornea, which was almost completely melted down with the remaining Descemet's membrane (DM). The pupil area was filled with melted necrotic material, with the intraocular lens partially protruding from the pupil and indenting the DM. Corneal optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination revealed a corneal thickness of 37 µm that was attached to its back surface, with the iris and a part of the intraocular lens (IOL) protruding through the pupil. The patient was hospitalized and treated with local and systemic antibiotics until control of the inflammation was achieved. Corneoscleral transplantation plus excision/transplantation of the corneal limbus were performed, and the entire corneal limbus was lamellarly incised. After completely suturing all around the transplanted corneoscleral graft, the anterior chamber was formed. Postoperative treatment included local antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and cycloplegic drops. Results: There was no recurrence of infection, and the corneal epithelium gradually regenerated and covered the whole graft. Visual acuity was light perception at 6 months after the surgery. The patient was satisfied that the globe was preserved and did not wish to undergo any further treatment. Conclusions: Corneoscleral transplantation is preferred for the treatment of large-sized descemetoceles with active microbial keratitis and extensive infiltrates, especially in cases where the whole cornea has transformed into a large cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Kusano
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Harada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Diya Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Tang D, Uematsu M, Harada K, Mohamed YH, Kusano M, Inoue D, Kitaoka T. Author Correction: Comparison of rabbit corneal changes during different preservation techniques using optisol-GS and airlift. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11660. [PMID: 37468496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38917-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diya Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan.
| | - Kohei Harada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Mao Kusano
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
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Tang D, Uematsu M, Harada K, Mohamed YH, Kusano M, Inoue D, Kitaoka T. Comparison of rabbit corneal changes during different preservation techniques using optisol-GS and airlift. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6933. [PMID: 37117239 PMCID: PMC10147712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous study suggested that the airlift condition is superior to the Optisol-GS condition for preserving the limbal tissue of the human cornea. The purpose of this research is to investigate a new preservation device that preserves the cornea while separating epithelial and endothelial areas. The differences after preserving the corneal epithelium under different conditions were compared. A total of 24 corneas of New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups in which the corneal epithelia were submersed in Optisol-GS or under airlift conditions for 1 and 2 weeks at 4 [Formula: see text]C. Transparency, optical coherence tomography (OCT), hematoxylin and eosin (H &E) staining, and epithelial migration tests were used to assess corneal status. The epithelial migration examination showed significantly greater migration ability after the airlift condition. Corneas in the 1-week Optisol-GS group were the most transparent, followed by the 1-week airlift group. OCT showed a progressive increase in corneal thickness to the end of the study. H &E staining showed that the epithelial cells retained intact cellular structure and morphology of the cells for both 1-week-preserved groups. However, there was disruption of the corneal epithelial cell structure for both 2-week-preserved groups. Corneal epithelium preserved under the hypothermic airlift condition was comparable to that under the Optisol-GS condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Tang
- Ophthalmology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Ophthalmology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan.
| | - Kohei Harada
- Ophthalmology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | | | - Mao Kusano
- Ophthalmology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Ophthalmology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Ophthalmology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
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Harada S, Nakashima Y, Uematsu M, Morimoto S, Mohamed YH, Kitaoka T, Moriuchi H. Effectiveness of a photoscreener in identifying undiagnosed unilateral amblyopia at vision screening of 3-year-old children in Japan. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2022; 66:193-198. [PMID: 35044563 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-021-00896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Japan a basic preparatory ophthalmic examination is routinely performed for 3-year-old children. This study aimed to determine the value of incorporating a photoscreener into the examination and evaluate parents' satisfaction with the photoscreener examination. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. METHODS Children aged 42-47 months in Nagasaki City, Japan, underwent a visual acuity test by a parent at home and by automated vision screening using a photoscreener at their local municipal health center between October 2018 and March 2019. Subjects were children referred to Nagasaki University Hospital for examination after failing either test. Children previously diagnosed with strabismus and/or amblyopia were excluded. A questionnaire survey evaluated the level of satisfaction with the photoscreener-based screening by parents who attended these examinations at the local municipal health center. RESULTS Of children who completed the two tests, 52 (failed visual acuity test, 3; failed photoscreener examination, 49) were referred for examination. Of the 49 photoscreener failures, 12 were diagnosed with amblyopia: unilateral amblyopia with anisometropic hyperopia in 10 (83.3%), and bilateral amblyopia with astigmatism and hyperopia in 2 (16.7%). The photoscreener detected all 12 cases of amblyopia, whereas the home-based visual acuity test detected only two cases. More than 80% of 1035 parents were satisfied with the photoscreener examination. CONCLUSION Unilateral amblyopia with anisometropic hyperopia was easily overlooked with the home-based test but was detectable by photoscreener examination. The photoscreener proved to be an effective screening tool for amblyopia in children and was considered a satisfactory examination by a high proportion of parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Harada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakashima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Shinpei Morimoto
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Moriuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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Mohamed YH, Uematsu M, Morinaga Y, Nguyen HAT, Toizumi M, Sasaki D, Yanagihara K, Dang DA, Kitaoka T, Yoshida LM. Conjunctival Sac Microbiome in Infectious Conjunctivitis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102095. [PMID: 34683416 PMCID: PMC8540322 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute bacterial conjunctival infections are common, and this study identified the conjunctival bacterial community in infectious conjunctivitis cases seen at the outpatient clinic of Khanh Hoa General Hospital in Nha Trang, Vietnam from October 2016 through December 2017. Conjunctival swabs were collected and tested using conventional culture, PCR, and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The study included 47 randomly selected patients. More than 98% of all DNA reads represented five bacterial phyla. Three of these phyla constituted 92% of all sequences (Firmicutes (35%), Actinobacteria (31%), and Proteobacteria (26%)). At the genus level, there were 12 common genera that constituted about 61% of all sequence reads. Seven of those genera were common (Streptococcus (10%), Cutibacterium (10%), Staphylococcus (7%), Nocardioides (7%), Corynebacterium 1 (5%), Anoxybacillus (5%), and Acinetobacter (5%)), which encompassed 49% of all reads. As for diversity analysis, there was no difference on PERMANOVA analysis (unweighted UniFrac) for sex (p = 0.087), chemosis (p = 0.064), and unclassified eyedrops (p = 0.431). There was a significant difference in cases with bilateral conjunctivitis (p = 0.017) and for using antibiotics (p = 0.020). Of the predominant phyla, Firmicutes had the highest abundance in bacterial conjunctivitis in this study. Pseudomonas as a resident commensal microbiota may have an important role in the prevention of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.H.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.H.M.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-95-819-7345; Fax: +81-95-819-7347
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.M.); (D.S.); (K.Y.)
| | - Hien-Anh Thi Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.-A.T.N.); (D.-A.D.)
| | - Michiko Toizumi
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (M.T.); (L.-M.Y.)
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.M.); (D.S.); (K.Y.)
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.M.); (D.S.); (K.Y.)
| | - Duc-Anh Dang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.-A.T.N.); (D.-A.D.)
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (Y.H.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Lay-Myint Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (M.T.); (L.-M.Y.)
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Mohamed YH, Toizumi M, Uematsu M, Nguyen HAT, Le LT, Takegata M, Iwasaki C, Kitamura N, Nation ML, Dunne EM, Hinds J, Do HT, Vien MQ, Satzke C, Flasche S, Mulholland K, Dang DA, Kitaoka T, Yoshida LM. Prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in conjunctival flora and association with nasopharyngeal carriage among children in a Vietnamese community. Sci Rep 2021; 11:337. [PMID: 33431887 PMCID: PMC7801475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival pneumococcal serotypes among members of a community have not been investigated well. We determined the prevalence and association of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx and conjunctiva among children in a community before pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction. In October 2016, conjunctival and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children (< 24 months old) and nasopharyngeal swabs from mothers in Nha Trang, Vietnam. Quantitative lytA PCR and DNA microarray were performed to detect and serotype S. pneumoniae. The association between S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx and conjunctiva was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression model. Among 698 children, 62 (8.9%, 95% CI 6.9-11.2%) were positive for S. pneumoniae in the conjunctiva. Non-encapsulated S. pneumoniae were most commonly identified, followed by serotypes 6A, 6B, and 14. Nasopharyngeal and conjunctival detection were positively associated (aOR 47.30, 95% CI 24.07-92.97). Low birth-weight, day-care attendance, and recent eye symptoms were independently associated with S. pneumoniae detection in the conjunctiva (aOR 11.14, 95% CI 3.76-32.98, aOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.45-3.31, and aOR 3.59, 95% CI 2.21-5.84, respectively). Serotypes and genotypes in the conjunctiva and nasopharynx matched in 87% of the children. Three mothers' nasopharyngeal pneumococcal samples had matched serotype and genotype with their child's in the conjunctiva and nasopharynx. S. pneumoniae presence in nasopharynx and conjunctiva were strongly associated. The high concordance of serotypes suggests nasopharyngeal carriage may be a source of transmission to the conjunctiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Michiko Toizumi
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Lien Thuy Le
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Mizuki Takegata
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Chihiro Iwasaki
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Noriko Kitamura
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Monica L Nation
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eileen M Dunne
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason Hinds
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
- London Bioscience Innovation Centre, BUGS Bioscience, London, UK
| | - Hung Thai Do
- Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | | | - Catherine Satzke
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefan Flasche
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Duc-Anh Dang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Lay-Myint Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
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Abstract
RATIONALE Rifabutin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic known to cause deposits on the corneal endothelium and lens. We report a patient in whom cataracts developed and progressive pigment deposits were seen on the corneal endothelium, lens, and iridocorneal angle. PATIENT CONCERNS The patient was a 45-year-old woman who had been received long-term treatment with a combination of various anti-mycobacterial drugs for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis starting in 2004. Rifabutin was started in 2009, and she was referred to our department in 2017 for detailed ophthalmological examination. DIAGNOSES Both eyes showed pigmented deposits over the entire corneal endothelium, the entire periphery of the iridocorneal angle, and the anterior surface of the lens. Mild cataracts were also diagnosed bilaterally. Pigment deposits on the anterior surface of the lens and the cataracts in both eyes gradually progressed. These lesions were assumed to be associated with long term rifabutin intake. INTERVENTIONS Rifabutin intake was discontinued after progression of intraocular deposits, cataracts, and ERG deterioration. OUTCOMES Visual acuity improved, although cataracts, deposits, and ERG deterioration remained. LESSONS Rifabutin may induce not only corneal endothelial deposits, but also cataracts and iridocorneal angle deposits.
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Inoue D, Mohamed YH, Uematsu M, Kitaoka T. Corneal damage and its recovery after instillation of preservative-free versus preserved latanoprost eye drops. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2020; 39:158-164. [PMID: 32295438 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2020.1752228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Latanoprost ophthalmic solution is highly effective as a therapeutic agent for glaucoma and is applied worldwide. However, harmful effects on the corneal surface have been reported regarding the commercially available latanoprost ophthalmic solution. Corneal surface toxicity may be caused by the added preservative of the ophthalmic solution. In order to ascertain whether latanoprost itself can damage the cornea or if this is solely due to the added preservatives, this study attempted to determine the corneal changes that occur at different time periods following usage of preservative-free versus preserved latanoprost eye drops.Materials and methods: Preservative-free latanoprost eye drops (Monoprost®) or preserved latanoprost eye drops (Xalatan®) containing 0.02% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) were instilled in the corneas of rabbits. For each of the two different eye drop solutions, the rabbits used in this experiment were divided into three exposure groups: 1 minute, 24 hour, and 1 week groups. Corneal transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were examined immediately (1 minute) after instillation, at 24 hours after instillation, and at 24 hours after 1 week of daily instillations of latanoprost. Hank's balanced salt solution was used in the control group.Results: The mean corneal TER of the control group was 933.8 ± 279.0 Ω cm2. In preservative-free latanoprost instilled corneas, there was no significant decrease in the TER or morphological changes at any of the time points, with the relative TER values of 117 ± 38%, 100 ± 34%, and 93 ± 21% for 1 minute, 1 day, and 1 week time points, respectively. In preserved latanoprost instilled corneas, SEM showed that only the immediate group exhibited superficial cell damage and a significant decrease in the corneal TER compared to the controls and other time points and to the immediate preservative-free latanoprost corneas. In the preserved latanoprost groups, the relative TER values were 18 ± 5%, 110 ± 28%, and 92 ± 10%, for the three respective observation time points.Conclusions: Preservative-free latanoprost can be safely instilled to the corneal epithelium. Latanoprost with 0.02% BAC has an immediate deleterious impact on the corneal epithelium; however, it disappears within 24 hours after instillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, EL-Minia University Hospital, EL-Minia, Egypt
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Mohamed YH, Uematsu M, Ueki R, Inoue D, Sasaki H, Kitaoka T. Safety of sodium hyaluronate eye drop with C12-benzalkonium chloride. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2019; 38:156-160. [DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2018.1543316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, EL-Minia University Hospital, EL-Minia, Egypt
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ueki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Harada K, Mohamed YH, Uematsu M, Inoue D, Ueki R, Harada S, Imamura N, Miwako I, Kitaoka T. Three cases of acute sterile corneal melt after cataract surgery. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018; 13:62-65. [PMID: 30582074 PMCID: PMC6297052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report three cases of acute sterile corneal melt after cataract surgery. Observations Case 1 was a 21-year-old male presenting with a corneal perforation of his right eye at 10 days after cataract surgery. Case 2 was a 67-year-old male who developed a corneal melt in his left eye at 15 days after cataract surgery. Case 3 was a 70-year-old female with a corneal melt of her left eye at 7 days after cataract surgery. None of the cases exhibited any signs of infection. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, dry eye, systemic autoimmune diseases, and/or a combination of these were present in patients who developed corneal melt after cataract surgery. Conclusions and Importance Corneal melt cases can occur early after cataract surgery, thereby leading to corneal thinning and perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Harada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ueki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shiori Harada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Imamura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Inamoto Miwako
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, 2-1001-1 Kubara, Omura, Nagasaki 856-0835, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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Tsuiki E, Suzuma K, Matsumoto M, Mohamed YH, Kitaoka T. Oral kallidinogenase improved visual acuity and maintained chorioretinal blood flow levels after treatment for diabetic macular edema. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:1845-1852. [PMID: 30275681 PMCID: PMC6158001 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s168420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of oral kallidinogenase medication as an adjuvant therapy in treating patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Study design This was a prospective, open-labeled, randomized study. Methods All patients were given posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) injection and focal laser treatment session for DME. The patients were subdivided into two groups: 1) those treated with oral kallidinogenase for at least 6 months after local treatment (treated group) and 2) those treated without oral kallidinogenase (untreated group). In this study, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), and chorioretinal blood flow level were measured in 17 patients (19 eyes). Chorioretinal blood flow levels at the disc and macula were measured by laser speckle flowgraphy and evaluated using the mean blur rate (MBR). These data were measured at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment initiation. Results BCVA at 6 months after treatment significantly improved in treated group (P<0.05). But the mean CRT after treatment significantly decreased in both groups. There was no significant difference in the mean SCT at baseline between the two groups. The mean SCT after treatment in treated group was significantly thinner than that before treatment (P<0.05). Compared to baseline (100%), MBR at the disc and the macula at 6 months after treatment significantly decreased to 84.8% and 86.2%, respectively, in untreated group (P<0.05), though it remained unchanged at 98.7% and 99.7% in treated group. Conclusion Oral kallidinogenase medication is useful as an adjuvant therapy to enhance the therapeutic effect of STTA in DME patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Tsuiki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,
| | - Kiyoshi Suzuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makiko Matsumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,
| | - Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan,
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Fujikawa A, Mohamed YH, Kinoshita H, Matsumoto M, Uematsu M, Tsuiki E, Suzuma K, Kitaoka T. Visual outcomes and prognostic factors in open-globe injuries. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:138. [PMID: 29884145 PMCID: PMC5994054 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular trauma is an important cause of visual loss worldwide. Improvements in our knowledge of the pathophysiology and management of ocular trauma during the past 30 years, in conjunction with advances in the instrumentation and techniques of ocular surgery, have improved the efficacy of vitreoretinal surgery in injured eyes. The aim of the current study was to determine the visual outcomes and prognostic factors of open-globe injuries in the Japanese population. METHODS Retrospective study of 59 eyes of 59 patients presented with open globe injuries between September 2008 and March 2014 at Nagasaki University Hospital was conducted. Demographic factors including age, gender, and clinical data such as cause of injury, presenting visual acuity (VA), location of injury, type of injury, lens status, presence of intraocular foreign body, types of required surgeries, and final VA were recorded. According to the classification of Ocular Trauma Classification Group, wound location was classified into three zones. Chi-square test was used to compare presented data. RESULTS Out of the 59 patients, 46 were placed in the Light Perception (LP) group, and 13 were placed in the No Light Perception (NLP) group. Work-related trauma was the most common cause (27 eyes) followed by falls (19eyes). Work-related trauma was common in males (P = 0.004), while falls was significantly common in females (P = 0.00001). Zone III injuries had statistically significantly poor prognostic factor compared to other zones (P = 0.04). All cases of NLP group (100%) presented with rupture globe. Poor VA at first visit (P = 0.00001), rupture globe (P = 0.026), history of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) (P = 0.017), retinal detachment (RD) (P = 0.0001), vitreous hemorrhage (VH) (P = 0.044), and dislocation of crystalline lens (P = 0.0003) were considered as poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSION Poor VA at first visit, rupture globe, zone III injuries, history of penetrating keratoplasty, RD, VH, and dislocation of crystalline lens were found to be poor prognostic factors. PPV had a good prognostic value in open globe injuries associated with posterior segment involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Fujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, EL-Minia University Hospital, EL-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Hirofumi Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Makiko Matsumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Eiko Tsuiki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Suzuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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Yamada Y, Suzuma K, Onizuka N, Uematsu M, Mohamed YH, Kitaoka T. Evaluation of retinal blood flow before and after panretinal photocoagulation using pattern scan laser for diabetic retinopathy. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:1707-1712. [PMID: 28937857 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1358373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) can measure blood flow in the ocular fundus. We analyzed the relationship between retinal blood flow and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS This retrospective observational study examined the eyes of 35 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or non-PDR (NPDR). PRP was performed using a pattern scan laser. Using LSFG, blood flow was evaluated as the mean blur rate (MBR) or the relative flow volume (RFV). We also evaluated MBR in the vessels of the optic nerve head (MBR-V), RFV at the first retinal artery (RFV-A), and RFV at the first retinal vein (RFV-V) before bifurcation. Blood flows were measured prior to treatment initiation, during each PRP session, and after PRP. RESULTS The total number of laser spots created was 4258 ± 461. Regression of neovascular activity at 6 months after PRP occurred in 29 (82.85%) eyes. MBR-V significantly decreased to 83.9 ± 16% (p = .0039), 79.3 ± 21% (p = .0001), and 73.5 ± 26% (p = .0001) after the first, second, and third PRP treatment sessions. MBR-V was also reduced to 75.0 ± 25% (p = .0001), 75.0 ± 25% (p = .0001), and 80.3 ± 22% (p = .0001) at 1, 3, and 6 months following PRP. During and at 6 months after the PRP treatments, RFV-A and RFV-V were also significantly reduced (p< .01). CONCLUSIONS During and after PRP treatments using pattern scan laser, retinal blood flow was reduced. Retinal blood flow may be an auxiliary measurement for effectively evaluating PRP or PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Yamada
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Suzuma
- b Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Onizuka
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Fujikawa A, Mohamed YH, Kinoshita H, Tsuiki E, Kitaoka T. Spontaneous dislocation of the posterior chamber intraocular lens. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:1111-1117. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of non-Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (nDSAEK) using heads-up surgery. CASE/INTERVENTION The case was a 72-years-old man who had history of left eye blunt trauma since childhood. One year ago, the patient was diagnosed to have left posttraumatic bullous keratopathy. The patient underwent lt nDSAEK by using the heads-up three-dimensional (3D) system last July. The surgery was performed with a Rescan 700 surgical microscope (Carl Zeiss), which is integrated with intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) system. During surgery, the surgeon and audience wore 3D passive polarized glasses. A 42 inch high-definition (HD) display and 2 HD cameras (Sony) were used. With this 3D system, the nDSAEK procedure before the graft insertion into the anterior chamber was easy especially with available high magnification. Also, using iOCT of the system enables the surgeon to detect any residual fluid at the donor graft-recipient interface and locate its place to be drained. The only disadvantage of the system was the difficulty in the detection of nDSAEK graft depth in the anterior chamber, which required frequent focus change during the surgery. Although the surgeon frequently adjusted the focus for clear stereoscopic view of the graft, he did not feel any eye strain or discomfort. All other steps of the procedure were performed without any problem and postoperative course of the patient was good. CONCLUSION Using heads-up surgery for performing anterior segment surgeries is encouraging and promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, EL-Minia University Hospital, EL-Minia, Egypt
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Mohamed YH, Uematsu M, Ueki R, Inoue D, Fujikawa A, Sasaki H, Kitaoka T. Acute Corneal Toxicity of Diquas. Pharmacology 2016; 98:56-61. [PMID: 27078164 DOI: 10.1159/000445691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate acute corneal toxicity of commercially available diquafosol 3% ophthalmic solution (Diquas®), which contains C12 benzalkonium chloride (BAC) as a preservative. METHODS Corneal transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) changes after a 60-second exposure to Diquas® (diquafosol 3% preserved with 0.0075% C12 BAC); 0.0075% C12 BAC and 0.0075% C12, C14, C16 BAC mixture were measured in living rabbits. Corneal damage was also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) was used as a control. RESULTS Diquas® and 0.0075% C12 BAC did not produce any significant decrease in the corneal TER as compared to the HBSS control eyes. There was a significant decrease in the corneal TER after exposure of the cornea to the 0.0075% C12, C14, C16 BAC mixture (p < 0.01). SEM revealed that the superficial cells of the corneas exposed to the 0.0075% BAC mixture were damaged and exhibited degenerated microvilli. Conversely, the superficial cells of corneas exposed to Diquas® or 0.0075% C12 BAC appeared normal and had normal microvilli under SEM examinations. CONCLUSION The acute corneal toxicity of Diquas® is less than that of the 0.0075% BAC mixture. Diquas® preserved with 0.0075% C12 BAC did not show acute corneal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Mohamed YH, Uematsu M, Onizuka N, Ueki R, Inoue D, Fujikawa A, Sasaki H, Kitaoka T. Acute Corneal Toxicity of Combined Antiglaucoma Topical Eyedrops. Curr Eye Res 2016; 41:1326-1330. [PMID: 27002346 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the corneal toxicity of three combined antiglaucoma topical eyedrops using transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS Corneal TER changes after a 60-s exposure to latanoprost/timolol with 0.02% benzalkonium chloride (BAC), travoprost/timolol with polyquaternium-1, and dorzolamide/timolol with 0.005% BAC were measured in living rabbits. Corneal damage was also examined by SEM. Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) was used as a control. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in the corneal TER after exposure of the cornea to latanoprost/timolol with 0.02% BAC. Travoprost/timolol with polyquaternium-1 and dorzolamide/timolol with 0.005% BAC did not produce any significant decrease in the corneal TER as compared to HBSS control eyes. SEM revealed that superficial cells of corneas treated with latanoprost/timolol with 0.02% BAC were damaged and exhibited degenerated microvilli. Conversely, the superficial cells of corneas exposed to travoprost/timolol with polyquaternium-1 or dorzolamide/timolol with 0.005% BAC appeared normal and had normal microvilli under SEM examinations. CONCLUSION The corneal toxicity of latanoprost/timolol with 0.02% BAC is greater than that of travoprost/timolol with polyquaternium-1 and dorzolamide/timolol with 0.005% BAC. Latanoprost/timolol contains 0.02% BAC, which may be responsible for the corneal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.,b Department of Ophthalmology , EL-Minia University Hospital , EL-Minia , Egypt
| | - Masafumi Uematsu
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Naoko Onizuka
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ueki
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Azusa Fujikawa
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- c Department of Hospital Pharmacy , Nagasaki University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan
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Uematsu M, Mohamed YH, Onizuka N, Ueki R, Inoue D, Fujikawa A, Sasaki H, Kitaoka T. Less Invasive Corneal Transepithelial Electrical Resistance Measurement Method. Ocul Surf 2016; 14:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Uematsu M, Mohamed YH, Onizuka N, Ueki R, Inoue D, Fujikawa A, Kitaoka T. A novel in vivo corneal trans-epithelial electrical resistance measurement device. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 76:65-71. [PMID: 26291653 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.08.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a device that is capable of easily measuring corneal transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and changes in the corneal barrier function. METHODS We had previously developed an in vivo method for measuring corneal TER using intraocular electrode. This method can be used to precisely measure the decline of the corneal barrier function after instillation of benzalkonium chloride (BAC). In order to lessen the invasiveness of that procedure, we further refined the method for measuring the corneal TER by developing electrodes that could be placed on the cornea and in the conjunctival sac instead of inserting them into the anterior chamber. TER was then calculated by subtracting the electrical resistance, which lacked the corneal epithelial input, from the whole electrical resistance that was measured between the electrodes. Slit lamp examination and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine safety of the new device. Corneal TER changes after exposure to 0.02% BAC were determined using the new device as well as SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Slit lamp examination before and after exposure of rabbits' corneas to the sensor confirmed safety of the device. SEM examination revealed no difference of the corneal epithelium which exposed to the new device with normal corneas. SEM and TEM pictures revealed damaged microvilli and tight junctions after instillation of 0.02% BAC. TER change after treatment with 0.02%BAC was similar to those determined by the established anterior chamber method. CONCLUSION We succeeded to develop a less invasive device for corneal TER measurement in vivo in animals. This new device may be applicable in the future for clinical use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Uematsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, EL-Minia University Hospital, EL-Minia, Egypt
| | - Naoko Onizuka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ueki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Azusa Fujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Uematsu M, Mohamed YH, Onizuka N, Ueki R, Inoue D, Fujikawa A, Sasaki H, Kitaoka T. Acute corneal toxicity of latanoprost with different preservatives. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2015; 35:120-5. [DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2015.1058272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ahmed AL, Bassem SEM, Mohamed YH, Gamila MW. Cytotoxic essential oil from Annona sengalensis Pers. leaves. Pharmacognosy Res 2011; 2:211-4. [PMID: 21808569 PMCID: PMC3141129 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.69105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity against brine shrimp of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae) was studied. The confirmation of this toxicity has been done by using selected tumor cell lines (A549, HT29, MCF 7, RPMI, and U251). The results showed that the total oil and its fractions have showed mild to moderate cytotoxicity in brine shrimp lethality bioassay with LC50 = 27.3 μg/ml, and against some human tumor cell lines. The total oil and its fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Seventy three compounds were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Ahmed
- Department of Health Information Technology of Jeddah Community College, King Abdul-Aziz University, Al- Rehab, 80283 Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
The upper and lower eyelids fuse together during development and then reseparate. The mechanism of reseparation of the eyelids is still unclear, although many reports agree that keratinization has a major role in lid separation. We applied apoptotic detection methods with ultrastructural features to examine the process of lid separation in rats. We confirmed that the eyelids fused on the 18th day of gestation. At this stage, cellular excrescences appeared from the external and conjunctival surfaces overlying the junctional zone, and the junctional zone consisted of epidermal cell clumps with wide intercellular spaces. From the 18th to the 20th day of gestation, many apoptotic cells appeared in the junctional zone and in the cellular excrescences. In these tissues, TUNEL-positive cells and immunohistochemically stained macrophages were found at this stage. We conclude that apoptosis may eliminate external and conjunctival cellular excrescences to make both surfaces smooth and continuous across the junctional zone. Apoptosis may also play a major role in providing space for proliferation of newly organized epidermal cells without wide intercellular spaces. Subsequent keratinization extends onto epidermal and conjunctival sides of the junctional zone until separation of the lids is complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Helmy Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To study the development of the rat lens vesicle in relation to apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fetuses of Wistar Kyoto rats were removed by laparotomy on day 10-15 of gestation. Some fetuses were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin for a TUNEL technique examination of DNA fragmentation. Macrophages were stained immunohistochemically with antibody. Some fetuses were fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde and 1% osmic acid and embedded in Luveak 812, then examined with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS On day 11 of gestation (E11) before the start of lens invagination, apoptotic changes were noted in the cells between the surface ectoderm and optic vesicle, with the appearance of phagocytic cells. Apoptotic cells were present at the junction of the surface ectoderm and the lens placode, in the ventral and dorsal thirds of the lens placode and in the outer layer of the optic vesicle in the same axes on E12. Apoptotic changes appeared in the lens stalk, surface ectoderm and the anterior lens epithelium on E12.5. The lens vesicle was detached completely from the surface ectoderm by E13 and some cells had the typical characteristics of macrophages in the extracellular space between the surface ectoderm and the anterior lens epithelium. Apoptotic changes were confirmed by the TUNEL method, and macrophages were stained immunohistochemically. CONCLUSIONS Apoptosis may have a major role during the whole process of lens vesicle development. Apoptosis may eliminate the cells between the surface ectoderm and the optic vesicle, help trigger invagination and facilitate separation from the ectoderm. Apoptosis might aid in the bowing of the optic vesicle during lens invagination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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