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Pullanchery S, Kulik S, Schönfeldová T, Egan CK, Cassone G, Hassanali A, Roke S. pH drives electron density fluctuations that enhance electric field-induced liquid flow. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5951. [PMID: 39009573 PMCID: PMC11251051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid flow along a charged interface is commonly described by classical continuum theory, which represents the electric double layer by uniformly distributed point charges. The electrophoretic mobility of hydrophobic nanodroplets in water doubles in magnitude when the pH is varied from neutral to mildly basic (pH 7 → 11). Classical continuum theory predicts that this increase in mobility is due to an increased surface charge. Here, by combining all-optical measurements of surface charge and molecular structure, as well as electronic structure calculations, we show that surface charge and molecular structure at the nanodroplet surface are identical at neutral and mildly basic pH. We propose that the force that propels the droplets originates from two factors: Negative charge on the droplet surface due to charge transfer from and within water, and anisotropic gradients in the fluctuating polarization induced by the electric field. Both charge density fluctuations couple with the external electric field, and lead to droplet flow. Replacing chloride by hydroxide doubles both the charge conductivity via the Grotthuss mechanism, and the droplet mobility. This general mechanism deeply impacts a plethora of processes in biology, chemistry, and nanotechnology and provides an explanation of how pH influences hydrodynamic phenomena and the limitations of classical continuum theory currently used to rationalize these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pullanchery
- Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Kulik
- Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Schönfeldová
- Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C K Egan
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Cassone
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF-CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - A Hassanali
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy.
| | - S Roke
- Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics, Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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2
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Chakraborty R, Crawford-Eng HT, Leburton JP. Asymmetric ion transport through "Janus" MoSSe sub-nanometer pores. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13106-13120. [PMID: 38912547 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00589a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
We conduct all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate the underlying mechanisms governing ion transport through a sub-nanometer pore decorated with negative charges in a "Janus" MoSSe membrane. The charge imbalance between S and Se atoms on each side of the membrane induces different types of ion adsorption processes depending on the pore inner charge configuration, and the polarity of external biases, which leads to asymmetry in ionic I-V characteristics. Statistical analysis of the total translocation times including adsorption-desorption processes, and ion dwell times indicates that potassium ions predominantly remain adsorbed during their interaction with the membrane before undertaking a quick translocation through the pore. High applied biases suppress cation adsorption, which results in fast translocation with the current flow boosted by negative inner charges around the pore. We also show that in a membrane consisting of several "Janus" layers, the applied bias necessary to overcome the sub-nm pore barrier increases with the number of layers, providing control over the ionic current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Chakraborty
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Henry T Crawford-Eng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Jean-Pierre Leburton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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3
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Young TW, Kappler MP, Call ED, Brown QJ, Jacobson SC. Integrated In-Plane Nanofluidic Devices for Resistive-Pulse Sensing. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:221-242. [PMID: 38608295 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061622-030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Single-particle (or digital) measurements enhance sensitivity (10- to 100-fold improvement) and uncover heterogeneity within a population (one event in 100 to 10,000). Many biological systems are significantly influenced by rare or infrequent events, and determining what species is present, in what quantity, and the role of that species is critically important to unraveling many questions. To develop these measurement systems, resistive-pulse sensing is used as a label-free, single-particle detection technique and can be combined with a range of functional elements, e.g., mixers, reactors, filters, separators, and pores. Virtually, any two-dimensional layout of the micro- and nanofluidic conduits can be envisioned, designed, and fabricated in the plane of the device. Multiple nanopores in series lead to higher-precision measurements of particle size, shape, and charge, and reactions coupled directly with the particle-size measurements improve temporal response. Moreover, other detection techniques, e.g., fluorescence, are highly compatible with the in-plane format. These integrated in-plane nanofluidic devices expand the toolbox of what is possible with single-particle measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner W Young
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA;
| | - Michael P Kappler
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA;
| | - Ethan D Call
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA;
| | - Quintin J Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA;
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4
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Wells TN, Schmidt H, Hawkins AR. Constrained Volume Micro- and Nanoparticle Collection Methods in Microfluidic Systems. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:699. [PMID: 38930668 PMCID: PMC11206162 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Particle trapping and enrichment into confined volumes can be useful in particle processing and analysis. This review is an evaluation of the methods used to trap and enrich particles into constrained volumes in microfluidic and nanofluidic systems. These methods include physical, optical, electrical, magnetic, acoustic, and some hybrid techniques, all capable of locally enhancing nano- and microparticle concentrations on a microscale. Some key qualitative and quantitative comparison points are also explored, illustrating the specific applicability and challenges of each method. A few applications of these types of particle trapping are also discussed, including enhancing biological and chemical sensors, particle washing techniques, and fluid medium exchange systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner N. Wells
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Holger Schmidt
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Aaron R. Hawkins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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5
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Liu J, Li B, Lu G, Wang G, Zheng J, Huang L, Feng Y, Xu S, Jiang Y, Liu N. Toward Selective Transport of Monovalent Metal Ions with High Permeability Based on Crown Ether-Encapsulated Metal-Organic Framework Sub-Nanochannels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26634-26642. [PMID: 38722947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Achieving selective transport of monovalent metal ions with high precision and permeability analogues to biological protein ion channels has long been explored for fundamental research and various applications, such as ion sieving, mineral extraction, and energy harvesting and conversion. However, it still remains a significant challenge to construct artificial nanofluidic devices to realize the trade-off effects between selective ion transportation and high ion permeability. In this work, we report a bioinspired functional micropipet with in situ growth of crown ether-encapsulated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) inside the tip and realize selective transport of monovalent metal ions. The functional ion-selective micropipet with sub-nanochannels was constructed by the interfacial growth method with the formation of composite MOFs consisting of ZIF-8 and 15-crown-5. The resulting micropipet device exhibited obvious monovalent ion selectivity and high flux of Li+ due to the synergistic effects of size sieving in subnanoconfined space and specific coordination of 15-crown-5 toward Na+. The selectivity of Li+/Na+, Li+/K+, Li+/Ca2+, and Li+/Mg2+ with 15-crown-5@ZIF-8-functionalized micropipet reached 3.9, 5.2, 105.8, and 122.4, respectively, which had an obvious enhancement compared to that with ZIF-8. Notably, the ion flux of Li+ can reach up to 93.8 ± 3.6 mol h-1·m-2 that is much higher than previously reported values. Furthermore, the functional micropipet with 15-crown-5@ZIF-8 sub-nanochannels exhibited stable Li+ selectivity under various conditions, such as different ion concentrations, pH values, and mixed ion solutions. This work not only provides new opportunities for the development of MOF-based nanofluidic devices for selective ion transport but also facilitates the promising practical applications in lithium extraction from salt-like brines, sewage treatment, and other related aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Baijun Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guangwen Lu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Juanjuan Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Liying Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yueyue Feng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shiwei Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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6
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Cui Y, Ying C, Huang XY, Ye Q, Tian J, Liu Z. Electrical Transport and Dynamics of Confined DNA through Highly Conductive 2D Graphene Nanochannels. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4485-4492. [PMID: 38578031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Confining DNA in nanochannels is an important approach to studying its structure and transportation dynamics. Graphene nanochannels are particularly attractive for studying DNA confinement due to their atomic flatness, precise height control, and excellent mechanical strength. Here, using femtosecond laser etching and wetting transfer, we fabricate graphene nanochannels down to less than 4.3 nm in height, with the length-to-height ratios up to 103. These channels exhibit high stability, low noise, and self-cleaning ability during the long-term ionic current recording. We report a clear linear relationship between DNA length and the residence time in the channel and further utilize this relationship to differentiate DNA fragments based on their lengths, ranging widely from 200 bps to 48.5 kbps. The graphene nanochannel presented here provides a potential platform for label-free analyses and reveals fundamental insights into the conformational dynamics of DNA and proteins in confined space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjun Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cuifeng Ying
- Advanced Optics & Photonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Xiao-Yu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qing Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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7
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Mei T, Liu W, Xu G, Chen Y, Wu M, Wang L, Xiao K. Ionic Transistors. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38285731 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Biological voltage-gated ion channels, which behave as life's transistors, regulate ion transport precisely and selectively through atomic-scale selectivity filters to sustain important life activities. By this inspiration, voltage-adaptable ionic transistors that use ions as signal carriers may provide an alternative information processing unit beyond solid-state electronic devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the first generation of biomimetic ionic transistors, including their operating mechanisms, device architecture development, and property characterizations. Despite its infancy, significant progress has been made in the applications of ionic transistors in fields such as DNA detection, drug delivery, and ionic circuits. Challenges and prospects of full exploitation of ionic transistors for a broad spectrum of practical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Guoheng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yuanxia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
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8
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Stuber A, Schlotter T, Hengsteler J, Nakatsuka N. Solid-State Nanopores for Biomolecular Analysis and Detection. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:283-316. [PMID: 38273209 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Advances in nanopore technology and data processing have rendered DNA sequencing highly accessible, unlocking a new realm of biotechnological opportunities. Commercially available nanopores for DNA sequencing are of biological origin and have certain disadvantages such as having specific environmental requirements to retain functionality. Solid-state nanopores have received increased attention as modular systems with controllable characteristics that enable deployment in non-physiological milieu. Thus, we focus our review on summarizing recent innovations in the field of solid-state nanopores to envision the future of this technology for biomolecular analysis and detection. We begin by introducing the physical aspects of nanopore measurements ranging from interfacial interactions at pore and electrode surfaces to mass transport of analytes and data analysis of recorded signals. Then, developments in nanopore fabrication and post-processing techniques with the pros and cons of different methodologies are examined. Subsequently, progress to facilitate DNA sequencing using solid-state nanopores is described to assess how this platform is evolving to tackle the more complex challenge of protein sequencing. Beyond sequencing, we highlight the recent developments in biosensing of nucleic acids, proteins, and sugars and conclude with an outlook on the frontiers of nanopore technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Stuber
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Schlotter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Hengsteler
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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9
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Cai S, Ren R, He J, Wang X, Zhang Z, Luo Z, Tan W, Korchev Y, Edel JB, Ivanov AP. Selective Single-Molecule Nanopore Detection of mpox A29 Protein Directly in Biofluids. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11438-11446. [PMID: 38051760 PMCID: PMC10755749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule antigen detection using nanopores offers a promising alternative for accurate virus testing to contain their transmission. However, the selective and efficient identification of small viral proteins directly in human biofluids remains a challenge. Here, we report a nanopore sensing strategy based on a customized DNA molecular probe that combines an aptamer and an antibody to enhance the single-molecule detection of mpox virus (MPXV) A29 protein, a small protein with an M.W. of ca. 14 kDa. The formation of the aptamer-target-antibody sandwich structures enables efficient identification of targets when translocating through the nanopore. This technique can accurately detect A29 protein with a limit of detection of ∼11 fM and can distinguish the MPXV A29 from vaccinia virus A27 protein (a difference of only four amino acids) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) protein directly in biofluids. The simplicity, high selectivity, and sensitivity of this approach have the potential to contribute to the diagnosis of viruses in point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Cai
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - Ren Ren
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
- Department
of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith
Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
- Nano
Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa
University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Jiaxuan He
- The
Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics,
Aptamer Selection Center, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The
Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics,
Aptamer Selection Center, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Luo
- The
Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics,
Aptamer Selection Center, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Weihong Tan
- The
Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics,
Aptamer Selection Center, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yuri Korchev
- Department
of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith
Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
- Nano
Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa
University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Joshua B. Edel
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - Aleksandar P. Ivanov
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Science Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
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10
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Lu SM, Vannoy KJ, Dick JE, Long YT. Multiphase Chemistry under Nanoconfinement: An Electrochemical Perspective. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25043-25055. [PMID: 37934860 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Most relevant systems of interest to modern chemists rarely consist of a single phase. Real-world problems that require a rigorous understanding of chemical reactivity in multiple phases include the development of wearable and implantable biosensors, efficient fuel cells, single cell metabolic characterization techniques, and solar energy conversion devices. Within all of these systems, confinement effects at the nanoscale influence the chemical reaction coordinate. Thus, a fundamental understanding of the nanoconfinement effects of chemistry in multiphase environments is paramount. Electrochemistry is inherently a multiphase measurement tool reporting on a charged species traversing a phase boundary. Over the past 50 years, electrochemistry has witnessed astounding growth. Subpicoampere current measurements are routine, as is the study of single molecules and nanoparticles. This Perspective focuses on three nanoelectrochemical techniques to study multiphase chemistry under nanoconfinement: stochastic collision electrochemistry, single nanodroplet electrochemistry, and nanopore electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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11
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Shiri F, Choi J, Vietz C, Rathnayaka C, Manoharan A, Shivanka S, Li G, Yu C, Murphy MC, Soper SA, Park S. Nano-injection molding with resin mold inserts for prototyping of nanofluidic devices for single molecular detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4876-4887. [PMID: 37870483 PMCID: PMC10995647 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00543g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
While injection molding is becoming the fabrication modality of choice for high-scale production of microfluidic devices, especially those used for in vitro diagnostics, its translation into the growing area of nanofluidics (structures with at least one dimension <100 nm) has not been well established. Another prevailing issue with injection molding is the high startup costs and the relatively long time between device iterations making it in many cases impractical for device prototyping. We report, for the first time, functional nanofluidic devices with dimensions of critical structures below 30 nm fabricated by injection molding for the manipulation, identification, and detection of single molecules. UV-resin molds replicated from Si masters served as mold inserts, negating the need for generating Ni-mold inserts via electroplating. Using assembled devices with a cover plate via hybrid thermal fusion bonding, we demonstrated two functional thermoplastic nanofluidic devices. The first device consisted of dual in-plane nanopores placed at either end of a nanochannel and was used to detect and identify single ribonucleotide monophosphate molecules via resistive pulse sensing and obtain the effective mobility of the molecule through nanoscale electrophoresis to allow its identification. The second device demonstrated selective binding of a single RNA molecule to a solid phase bioreactor decorated with a processive exoribonuclease, XRN1. Our results provide a simple path towards the use of injection molding for device prototyping in the development stage of any nanofluidic or even microfluidic application, through which rapid scale-up is made possible by transitioning from prototyping to high throughput production using conventional Ni mold inserts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Junseo Choi
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Chad Vietz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Chathurika Rathnayaka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Anishkumar Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Suresh Shivanka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Chengbin Yu
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Michael C Murphy
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Steven A Soper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Sunggook Park
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, USA
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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12
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Despot L, Hinduja C, Lehn R, Mikolei J, Richter T, Köbschall K, Stanzel M, Berger R, Hussong J, Ceolín M, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Molecular transport and water condensation inside mesopores with wettability step gradients. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6123-6134. [PMID: 37941961 PMCID: PMC10628989 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The wettabilities of nanoscale porous surfaces play important roles in the context of molecular and fluid transport or oil-water separation. The wettability pattern along a nanopore strongly influences fluid distribution throughout the membrane. Mesoporous silica thin films with gradually adjusted wettabilities were fabricated via cocondensation. With consecutive mesoporous layer depositions, double-layer mesoporous silica films with asymmetric or so-called Janus wettability patterns were generated. The effects of these wetting gradients on mass transport, water imbibition, and water vapor condensation were investigated with ellipsometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), drop friction force instrument (DoFFIs), fluorescence microscopy and interferometry. By increasing the film thickness of the hydrophobic mesoporous silica top layer deposited on a hydrophilic mesoporous silica layer up to 205 nm, molecular transport through both the layers was prevented. However, water was observed to condense onto the bottom layer, and transport occurred for thinner top layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Despot
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Chirag Hinduja
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Robert Lehn
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Joanna Mikolei
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Timo Richter
- Institut für Strömungslehre und Aerodynamik, Technische Universität Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Straße 10 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Kilian Köbschall
- Institut für Strömungslehre und Aerodynamik, Technische Universität Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Straße 10 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Mathias Stanzel
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jeanette Hussong
- Institut für Strömungslehre und Aerodynamik, Technische Universität Darmstadt Peter-Grünberg-Straße 10 64289 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Marcelo Ceolín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET Diag. 113 y 64 (1900) La Plata Argentina
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt 64289 Darmstadt Germany
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13
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Sabbagh B, Zhang Z, Yossifon G. Logic gating of low-abundance molecules using polyelectrolyte-based diodes. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:141-156. [PMID: 37528688 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired artificial ionic components are extensively utilized to mimic biological systems, as the vast majority of biological signaling is mediated by ions and molecules. Particular attention is given to nanoscale fluidic components where the ion transport can be regulated by the induced ion permselectivity. As a step from fundamentals toward ion-controlled devices, this study presents the use of ionic diodes made of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, as a gate for low-abundance molecules. The use of ionic diodes that exhibited nonlinear current-voltage responses enabled realization of a basic Boolean operation of an ionic OR logic gate. Aside from the electrical response, the asymmetric ion transport through the diode was shown to affect the transport of low-abundance molecules across the diode, only allowing crossing when the diode was forward-biased. Integration of multiple diodes enabled implementation of an OR logic operation on both the voltage and the molecule transport, while obtaining electrical and optical output readouts that were associated with low and high logic levels. Similarly to electronics, implementation of logic gates opens up new functionalities of on-chip ionic computation via integrated circuits consisting of multiple basic logic gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Sabbagh
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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14
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Yang J, Kamai H, Wang Y, Xu Y. Nanofluidic Aptamer Nanoarray to Enable Stochastic Capture of Single Proteins at Normal Concentrations. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301013. [PMID: 37350189 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule experiments allow understanding of the diversity, stochasticity, and heterogeneity of molecular behaviors and properties hidden by conventional ensemble-averaged measurements. They hence have great importance and significant impacts in a wide range of fields. Despite significant advances in single-molecule experiments at ultralow concentrations, the capture of single molecules in solution at normal concentrations within natural biomolecular processes remains a formidable challenge. Here, a high-density, well-defined nanofluidic aptamer nanoarray (NANa) formed via site-specific self-assembly of well-designed aptamer molecules in nanochannels with nano-in-nano gold nanopatterns is presented. The nanofluidic aptamer nanoarray exhibits a high capability to specifically capture target proteins (e.g., platelet-derived growth factor BB; PDGF-BB) to form uniform protein nanoarrays under optimized nanofluidic conditions. Owing to these fundamental features, the nanofluidic aptamer nanoarray enables the stochastic capture of single PDGF-BB molecules at a normal concentration from a sample with an ultrasmall volume equivalent to a single cell by following Poisson statistics, forming a readily addressable single-protein nanoarray. This approach offers a methodology and device to surpass both the concentration and volume limits of single-protein capture in most conventional methodologies of single-molecule experiments, thus opening an avenue to explore the behavior of individual biomolecules in a manner close to their natural forms, which remains largely unexplored to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kamai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 26 CBEB, University Park, PA, 16802-6804, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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15
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Vogl LM, Schweizer P, Pethö L, Sharma A, Michler J, Utke I. From metal nanowires to ultrathin crystalline ALD nanotubes: process development and mechanism revealed by in situ TEM heating experiments. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37161753 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01185b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The creation of hollow nanomaterials based on metal oxides has become an important research topic, as they show potential in a broad range of technical applications. However, the controlled synthesis of long and at the same time thin nanotubes is still challenging. Here we present a universal approach to create ultrathin aluminum oxide nanotubes with a length/diameter ratio of >1200 and minimum wall thickness of ≤4 nm. We use a facile process based on defined heat treatment of specific core-shell nanowires. The metal nanowires act as a template, which is thermally removed during heat treatment until an empty tube is created. The core-shell nanowires are produced by Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) with a subsequent coating via Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). The custom-built PVD-ALD system enables a direct sample transfer without breaking the vacuum, which allows determining the effect of a native oxide layer on the metal-ALD bonding. In combination with correlative ex situ observations, in situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) heating experiments unravel the dynamical processes going on at small scales. Based on the microscopic analysis, the energetics of the core material is analyzed, giving insights about heat induced effects as well as the phase transition from the amorphous to the crystalline state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Maria Vogl
- Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schweizer
- Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Laszlo Pethö
- Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Amit Sharma
- Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Johann Michler
- Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Utke
- Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Thun, Switzerland
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16
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Soni N, Chandra Verma N, Talor N, Meller A. Over 30-Fold Enhancement in DNA Translocation Dynamics through Nanoscale Pores Coated with an Anionic Surfactant. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4609-4616. [PMID: 37149783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores (ssNPs) are single-molecule sensors capable of label-free quantification of different biomolecules, which have become highly versatile with the introduction of different surface treatments. By modulating the surface charges of the ssNP, the electro-osmotic flow (EOF) can be controlled in turn affecting the in-pore hydrodynamic forces. Herein, we demonstrate that negative charge surfactant coating to ssNPs generates EOF that slows-down DNA translocation speed by >30-fold, without deterioration of the NP noise, hence significantly improving its performances. Consequently, surfactant-coated ssNPs can be used to reliably sense short DNA fragments at high voltage bias. To shed light on the EOF phenomena inside planar ssNPs, we introduce visualization of the electrically neutral fluorescent molecule's flow, hence decoupling the electrophoretic from EOF forces. Finite elements simulations are then used to show that EOF is likely responsible for in-pore drag and size-selective capture rate. This study broadens ssNPs use for multianalyte sensing in a single device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Soni
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion IIT, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion IIT, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | | | - Noam Talor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion IIT, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amit Meller
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion IIT, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion IIT, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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17
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Li J, Huang B, Wang Y, Li A, Wang Y, Pan Y, Chai J, Liu Z, Zhai Y. Light-Driven Conversion of Silicon Nitride Nanopore to Nanonet for Single-Protein Trapping Analysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210342. [PMID: 36823450 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The single-molecule technique for investigation of an unlabeled protein in solution is very attractive but with great challenges. Nanopore sensing as a label-free tool can be used for collecting the structural information of individual proteins, but currently offers only limited capabilities due to the fast translocation of the target. Here, a reliable and facile method is developed to convert the silicon nitride nanopore to a stable nanonet platform for single-entity sensing by electrophoretic or electroosmotic trapping. A nanonet is fabricated based on a material reorganization process caused by electron-beam and light-irradiation treatment. Using protein molecules as a model, it is revealed that the solid-state nanonet can produce collision and trapping flipping signals of the protein, which provides more structural information than traditional nanopore sensing. More importantly, thanks to the excellent stability of the solid-state silicon nitride nanonet, it is demonstrated that the ultraviolet-light-irradiation-induced structural-change process of an individual protein can be captured. The developed nanonet supplies a robust platform for single-entity studies but is not limited to proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Bintong Huang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhao Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Aijia Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, Institute of Quantitative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jia Chai
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yueming Zhai
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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18
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Kawagishi H, Funano SI, Tanaka Y, Xu Y. Flexible Glass-Based Hybrid Nanofluidic Device to Enable the Active Regulation of Single-Molecule Flows. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2210-2218. [PMID: 36879391 PMCID: PMC10804405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule studies offer deep insights into the essence of chemistry, biology, and materials science. Despite significant advances in single-molecule experiments, the precise regulation of the flow of single small molecules remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we present a flexible glass-based hybrid nanofluidic device that can precisely block, open, and direct the flow of single small molecules in nanochannels. Additionally, this approach allows for real-time tracking of regulated single small molecules in nanofluidic conditions. Therefore, the dynamic behaviors of single small molecules confined in different nanofluidic conditions with varied spatial restrictions are clarified. Our device and approach provide a nanofluidic platform and mechanism that enable single-molecule studies and applications in actively regulated fluidic conditions, thus opening avenues for understanding the original behavior of individual molecules in their natural forms and the development of single-molecule regulated chemical and biological processes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Kawagishi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Funano
- Center
for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center
for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yan Xu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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19
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Stability of enzyme immobilized on the nanofluidic channel surface. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:251-255. [PMID: 36670328 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The lifetime of an enzyme is critical to prevent system failure and optimize maintenance schedules in biological and analytical chemistry. The lifetime metrics of an enzyme can be evaluated from enzyme activity in terms of catalytic cycles per enzyme at various storage times. Trypsin, which is a gold-standard enzyme in proteomics, has been known to decrease activity due to self-digestion. To improve the activity of trypsin, enzyme reactors have developed by immobilizing in micro and nanospace. However, an evaluation method for the catalytic cycle has not been established due to major issues such as nonuniform space, unstable liquid transport, and self-digestion during immobilization in conventional work. To solve these issues, we have previously developed an ultra-fast enzyme reactor with a well-defined nanofabrication method, stable liquid transport, and partial enzyme modification. Here, we aimed to investigate catalytic cycles in a nanochannel. To extend enzyme lifetime efficiently, we have evaluated the optimal immobilization process and catalytic cycles of trypsin. As a result, immobilized enzyme densities by the trypsinogen immobilization process were increased at all concentrations compared to the trypsin immobilization process. To evaluate the lifetime of trypsin, the immobilized enzyme densities and activities were almost the same before and after 72 h of enzyme storage, and the calculated catalytic cycles were 1740. These results indicated that self-digestion of the immobilized enzyme was highly suppressed. Consequently, the reaction efficiency has been evaluated depending on the catalytic cycles from the substrate for the first time, while preventing self-digestion by trypsin.
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20
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Chantipmanee N, Xu Y. Toward nanofluidics‐based mass spectrometry for exploring the unknown complex and heterogenous subcellular worlds. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nattapong Chantipmanee
- Department of Chemical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) PRESTO Kawaguchi Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) CREST Kawaguchi Japan
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21
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Chantipmanee N, Xu Y. Nanofluidics for chemical and biological dynamics in solution at the single molecular level. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Sciurti E, Biscaglia F, Prontera C, Giampetruzzi L, Blasi L, Francioso L. Nanoelectrodes for Intracellular and Intercellular electrochemical detection: working principles, fabrication techniques and applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Xia Z, Scott A, Keneipp R, Chen J, Niedzwiecki DJ, DiPaolo B, Drndić M. Silicon Nitride Nanopores Formed by Simple Chemical Etching: DNA Translocations and TEM Imaging. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18648-18657. [PMID: 36251751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate DNA translocations through silicon nitride pores formed by simple chemical etching on glass substrates using microscopic amounts of hydrofluoric acid. DNA translocations and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) prove the fabrication of nanopores and allow their characterization. From ionic measurements on 318 chips, we report the effective pore diameters ranging from zero (pristine membranes) and sub-nm to over 100 nm, within 50 μm diameter membranes. The combination of ionic conductance, DNA current blockades, TEM imaging, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) provides comprehensive information about the pore area and number, from single to few pores, and pore structure. We also show the formation of thinned membrane regions as precursors of pores. The average pore density, about 5 × 10-4 pores/μm2, allows pore number adjustment statistically (0, 1, or more). This simple and affordable chemical method for making solid-state nanopores accelerates their adoption for DNA sensing and characterization applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Xia
- Goeppert LLC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146, United States
| | - Andre Scott
- Goeppert LLC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146, United States
| | - Rachael Keneipp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joshua Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | - Brian DiPaolo
- Goeppert LLC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146, United States
| | - Marija Drndić
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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24
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Nanoporous Membranes for the Filtration of Proteins from Biological Fluids: Biocompatibility Tests on Cell Cultures and Suggested Applications for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195846. [PMID: 36233713 PMCID: PMC9571538 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease has a significant epidemiological and socioeconomic impact, and, unfortunately, the extensive research focused on potential curative therapies has not yet proven to be successful. However, in recent years, important steps have been made in the development and functionalization of nanoporous alumina membranes, which might be of great interest for medical use, including the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the aim of this article is to present the synthesis and biocompatibility testing of a special filtrating nano-membrane, which is planned to be used in an experimental device for Alzheimer's disease treatment. METHODS Firstly, the alumina nanoporous membrane was synthesized via the two-step anodizing process in oxalic acid-based electrolytes and functionalized via the atomic layer deposition technique. Subsequently, quality control tests (spectrophotometry and potential measurements), toxicity, and biocompatibility tests (cell viability assays) were conducted. RESULTS The proposed alumina nanoporous membrane proved to be efficient for amyloid-beta filtration according to the permeability studies conducted for 72 h. The proposed membrane has proven to be fully compatible with the tested cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS The proposed alumina nanoporous membrane model is safe and could be incorporated into implantable devices for further in vivo experiments and might be an efficient therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.
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25
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Zhang L, Ban H. Thermal Energy Transfer between Helium Gas and Graphene Surface According to Molecular Dynamics Simulations and the Monte Carlo Method. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2855. [PMID: 36014719 PMCID: PMC9416252 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The scattering of gases on solid surfaces plays a vital role in many advanced technologies. In this study, the scattering behavior of helium on graphene surfaces was investigated, including the thermal accommodation coefficient (TAC), outgoing zenith angle of helium, bounce number, and interaction time. First, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to describe the incident angle-resolved behaviors, and showed that the scattering is highly dependent on the zenith angle of incident helium but insensitive to the azimuthal angle. The contribution of the normal velocity component of the incident helium dominated the energy transfer. The nonlinear relationship of the parameters to the zenith angle of the incident helium could be suppressed by increasing the graphene temperature or decreasing the speed of the incident helium. Subsequently, the scattering performance considering all gas molecules in the hemispherical space was evaluated using the Monte Carlo method with angle-resolved results. The result showed that the TAC, its nominal components, and the zenith angle of the scattered helium increased with higher speeds of incident helium and lower temperatures of graphene. This study should provide a fundamental understanding of energy transfer between gas and two-dimensional materials and guidelines to tune the scattering behavior between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Heng Ban
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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26
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Wu ZQ, Li CY, Ding XL, Li ZQ, Xia XH. Synergistic Effect of Electrostatic Interaction and Ionic Dehydration on Asymmetric Ion Transport in Nanochannel/Ion Channel Composite Membrane. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5267-5274. [PMID: 35674726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ion transport in nanochannels of a size comparable to that of hydrated ions exhibits unique properties due to the synergistic effect of various forces. Here, we design a nanochannel/ion channel composite (NIC) membrane that shows a high ion current rectification (ICR) ratio in different electrolytes. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the synergistic effect of electrostatic interaction and ionic dehydration plays an important role in regulating the ICR behavior of the NIC membrane. We find that electrostatic attraction between ions and the channel surface in the ultraconfined space increases the probability of ionic dehydarion, resulting in different dehydration energy costs for different ions. This further alters the driving force for ion transport and thus regulates ICR of the NIC membrane. This work provides fundamental knowledge of ion transport in ion channels, which aids in the understanding of the function of biological systems and the design of high-performance nanochannel devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Chemistry & Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xin-Lei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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27
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Yang J, Xu Y. Nanofluidics for sub-single cellular studies: Nascent progress, critical technologies, and future perspectives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Zhang M, Harms ZD, Greibe T, Starr CA, Zlotnick A, Jacobson SC. In-Plane, In-Series Nanopores with Circular Cross Sections for Resistive-Pulse Sensing. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7352-7360. [PMID: 35500295 PMCID: PMC9626396 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Resistive-pulse sensing with solid-state nanopores is a sensitive, label-free technique for analyzing single molecules in solution. To add functionality to resistive-pulse measurements, direct coupling of the nanopores to other pores and nanoscale fluidic elements, e.g., reactors, separators, and filters, in the same device is an important next step. One approach is monolithic fabrication of the fluidic elements in the plane of the substrate, but methods to generate pores with circular cross sections are needed to improve sensing performance with in-plane devices. Here, we report a fabrication method that directly patterns nanopores with circular cross sections in series and in plane with the substrate. A focused ion beam instrument is used to mill a lamella in a nanochannel and, subsequently, bore a nanopore through the lamella. The diameter and geometry of the nanopore are controlled by the current and dose of the ion beam and by the tilt angle and thickness of the lamella. We fabricated devices with vertical and tilted lamellae and nanopores with diameters from 40 to 90 nm in cylindrical and conical geometries. To test device performance, we conducted resistive-pulse measurements of hepatitis B virus capsids. Current pulses from T = 3 capsids (∼31 nm diameter) and T = 4 capsids (∼35 nm diameter) were well resolved and exhibited relative pulse amplitudes (Δi/i) up to 5 times higher than data obtained on nanopores with rectangular cross sections. For smaller pore diameters (<45 nm), which approach the diameters of the capsids, a dramatic increase in the pulse amplitude was observed for both T = 3 and T = 4 capsids. Two and three pores fabricated in series further improved the resolution between the relative pulse amplitude distributions for the T = 3 and T = 4 capsids by up to 2-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, United States of America
| | - Zachary D. Harms
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, United States of America
| | - Tine Greibe
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, United States of America
| | - Caleb A. Starr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7003, United States of America
| | - Adam Zlotnick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7003, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, United States of America
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29
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Wu Y, Gooding JJ. The application of single molecule nanopore sensing for quantitative analysis. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3862-3885. [PMID: 35506519 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00988e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanopore-based sensors typically work by monitoring transient pulses in conductance via current-time traces as molecules translocate through the nanopore. The unique property of being able to monitor single molecules gives nanopore sensors the potential as quantitative sensors based on the counting of single molecules. This review provides an overview of the concepts and fabrication of nanopore sensors as well as nanopore sensing with a view toward using nanopore sensors for quantitative analysis. We first introduce the classification of nanopores and highlight their applications in molecular identification with some pioneering studies. The review then shifts focus to recent strategies to extend nanopore sensors to devices that can rapidly and accurately quantify the amount of an analyte of interest. Finally, future prospects are provided and briefly discussed. The aim of this review is to aid in understanding recent advances, challenges, and prospects for nanopore sensors for quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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30
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Numerical Investigation of Diffusioosmotic Flow in a Tapered Nanochannel. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050481. [PMID: 35629807 PMCID: PMC9143036 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diffusioosmosis concerns ionic flow driven by a concentration difference in a charged nano-confinement and has significant applications in micro/nano-fluidics because of its nonlinear current-voltage response, thereby acting as an active electric gating. We carry out a comprehensive computation fluid dynamics simulation to investigate diffusioosmotic flow in a charged nanochannel of linearly varying height under an electrolyte concentration gradient. We analyze the effects of cone angle (α), nanochannel length (l) and tip diameter (dt), concentration difference (Δc = 0–1 mM), and external flow on the diffusioosmotic velocity in a tapered nanochannel with a constant surface charge density (σ). External flow velocity (varied over five orders of magnitude) shows a negligible influence on the diffusioosmotic flow inside the tapered nanochannel. We observed that a cone angle causes diffusioosmotic flow to move towards the direction of increasing gap thickness because of stronger local electric field caused by the overlapping of electric double layers near the smaller orifice. Moreover, the magnitude of average nanoflow velocity increases with increasing |α|. Flow velocity at the nanochannel tip increases when dt is smaller or when l is greater. In addition, the magnitude of diffusioosmotic velocity increases with increasing Δc. Our numerical results demonstrate the nonlinear dependence of tapered, diffusioosmotic flow on various crucial control parameters, e.g., concentration difference, cone angle, tip diameter, and nanochannel length, whereas an insignificant relationship on flow rate in the low Peclet number regime is observed.
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31
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32
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Lu J, Jiang Y, Yu P, Jiang W, Mao L. Light-Controlled Ionic/Molecular Transport through Solid-State Nanopores and Nanochannels. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200158. [PMID: 35324076 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biological nanochannels perfectly operate in organisms and exquisitely control mass transmembrane transport for complex life process. Inspired by biological nanochannels, plenty of intelligent artificial solid-state nanopores and nanochannels are constructed based on various materials and methods with the development of nanotechnology. Specially, the light-controlled nanopores/nanochannels have attracted much attention due to the unique advantages in terms of that ion and molecular transport can be regulated remotely, spatially and temporally. According to the structure and function of biological ion channels, light-controlled solid-state nanopores/nanochannels can be divided into light-regulated ion channels with ion gating and ion rectification functions, and light-driven ion pumps with active ion transport property. In this review, we present a systematic overview of light-controlled ion channels and ion pumps according to the photo-responsive components in the system. Then, the related applications of solid-state nanopores/nanochannels for molecular sensing, water purification and energy conversion are discussed. Finally, a brief conclusion and short outlook are offered for future development of the nanopore/nanochannel field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Lu
- Shandong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Beijing Normal University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Ping Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shandong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing Normal University, College of Chemistry, No.19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, 100875, Beijing, CHINA
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33
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Zhang T, Bai H, Zhao Y, Ren B, Wen T, Chen L, Song S, Komarneni S. Precise Cation Recognition in Two-Dimensional Nanofluidic Channels of Clay Membranes Imparted from Intrinsic Selectivity of Clays. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4930-4939. [PMID: 35171573 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Various kinds of clays occur naturally and are accompanied by particular cations in their interlayer domains. Here we report the reassembled membranes with nanofluidic channel arrays by using the natural clays montmorillonite, mica, and vermiculite, which were imparted with the natural selectivity for realizing precise recognition and directional regulation of the naturally occurring interlayer cations. A typical surface-governed ionic transport behavior was observed in the clay nanofluidic channels. Through asymmetric structural modification, cationic current rectification was realized in montmorillonite channels that performed as a nanofluidic diode. Interestingly, in the mica nanofluidic channel, the K+ that was naturally occurring in the interlayer domain of mica showed a reciprocating motion and resulted in a periodically fluctuating current. Electrodialysis demonstrated that such a fluctuating current reflects a directional selectivity for K+, achieving at least a 6000 times permeation rate difference with Li+ ions. The specific selectivity for Li+/Mg2+ on vermiculite reached up to 856 times with similar cations by the current technique. As-obtained clay membranes possess application prospects in energy conversion, brine resource development, etc. Such a strategy can achieve the designed selectivity through systematic screening of the building blocks, thus imparting them with the inherent characteristics of natural clays, which provides an alternative solution to the present manufacture of selective membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Haoyu Bai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Yunliang Zhao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Tong Wen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Licai Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shaoxian Song
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Sridhar Komarneni
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management and Materials Research Institute, 204 Energy and the Environment Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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34
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Shen Y, Wang X, Lei J, Wang S, Hou Y, Hou X. Catalytic confinement effects in nanochannels: from biological synthesis to chemical engineering. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1517-1526. [PMID: 36134369 PMCID: PMC9418946 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00021k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic reactions within nanochannels are of significant importance in disclosing the mechanisms of catalytic confinement effects and developing novel reaction systems for scientific and industrial demands. Interestingly, catalytic confinement effects exist in both biological and artificial nanochannels, which enhance the reaction performance of various chemical reactions. In this minireview, we investigate the recent advances on catalytic confinement effects in terms of the reactants, reaction processes, catalysts, and products in nanochannels. A systematic discussion of catalytic confinement effects associated with biological synthesis in bio-nanochannels and catalytic reactions in artificial nanochannels in chemical engineering is presented. Furthermore, we summarize the properties of reactions both in nature and chemical engineering and provide a brief overlook of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jinmei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yaqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen 361102 Fujian China
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35
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Lu J, Jiang Y, Xiong T, Yu P, Jiang W, Mao L. Light-Regulated Nanofluidic Ionic Diodes with Heterogeneous Channels Stemming from Asymmetric Growth of Metal-Organic Frameworks. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4328-4334. [PMID: 35245019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanofluidic ionic diodes have attracted much attention, because of the unique property of asymmetric ion transport and promising applications in molecular sensing and biosensing. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate diode-like nanofluidic system with molecular-size pores. Herein, we report a new and facile approach to construct nanofluidic ionic diode by in situ asymmetric growth of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in nanochannels. We implement microwave-assisted strategy to obtain asymmetric distribution of MOFs in porous anodic aluminum oxide with barrier layer on one side. After etching the barrier layer and modifying with positively charged molecules, the nanofluidic device possesses asymmetric geometry and surface charge, performing the ionic current rectification (ICR) behavior in different electrolyte concentrations. Moreover, the ICR ratio is readily regulated with visible light illumination mainly due to the enhancement of surface charge of MOFs, which is further confirmed by finite element simulation. This study provides a reliable way to build the nanofluidic platform for investigating the asymmetric ion transport through the molecular-size pores, which is envisaged to be important for molecular sensing based on ICR with molecular-size pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tianyi Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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36
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Water Formation Reaction under Interfacial Confinement: Al 0.25Si 0.75O 2 on O-Ru(0001). NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020183. [PMID: 35055203 PMCID: PMC8779344 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Confined nanosized spaces at the interface between a metal and a seemingly inert material, such as a silicate, have recently been shown to influence the chemistry at the metal surface. In prior work, we observed that a bilayer (BL) silica on Ru(0001) can change the reaction pathway of the water formation reaction (WFR) near room temperature when compared to the bare metal. In this work, we looked at the effect of doping the silicate with Al, resulting in a stoichiometry of Al0.25Si0.75O2. We investigated the kinetics of WFR at elevated H2 pressures and various temperatures under interfacial confinement using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The apparent activation energy was lower than that on bare Ru(0001) but higher than that on the BL-silica/Ru(0001). The apparent reaction order with respect to H2 was also determined. The increased residence time of water at the surface, resulting from the presence of the BL-aluminosilicate (and its subsequent electrostatic stabilization), favors the so-called disproportionation reaction pathway (*H2O + *O ↔ 2 *OH), but with a higher energy barrier than for pure BL-silica.
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37
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Fukuda S, Xu Y. A biomimetic anti-biofouling coating in nanofluidic channels. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2481-2489. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic coating using a tailored phosphorylcholine-containing monomer enables to suppress non-specific protein adsorption in nanofluidic channels, paving a way to explore a new anti-biofouling strategy using monomer-based materials for nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumire Fukuda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- NanoSquare Research Institute, Research Center for the 21st Century, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
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38
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Macha M, Thakur M, Radenovic A, Marion S. Stress induced delamination of suspended MoS2 in aqueous environments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19948-19955. [PMID: 35968925 PMCID: PMC9500489 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02094g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Applying hydrostatic pressure with suspended 2D material thin membranes allows probing the effects of lateral strain on the ion and fluid transport through nanopores. We demonstrate how both permanent and temporary delamination of 2D materials can be induced by pressure and potential differences between the membrane, causing a strong mechanosensitive modulation of ion transport. Our methodology is based on in situ measurements of ionic current and streaming modulation as the supporting membrane is indented or bulged with pressure. We demonstrate how indirect measurements of fluid transport through delaminated MoS2 membranes is achieved through monitoring streaming current and potential. This is combined with TEM images of 2D material membranes before and after aqueous measurements, showing temporary delamination during mechanical or electrical stress. The obtained results allow a better understanding of measurements with supported 2D materials, i.e. avoiding misinterpreting measured data, and could be used to probe how the electrical field and fluid flow at the nanoscale influence the adhesion of supported 2D materials. Mechanical and electrical stress can lead to the temporary and permanent 2D membrane delamination and consequent strong mechanosensitive modulation of ion transport measured in situ.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Macha
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Sanjin Marion
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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39
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Kawagishi H, Kawamata S, Xu Y. Fabrication of Nanoscale Gas-Liquid Interfaces in Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Nanopatterned Nanofluidic Channels. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10555-10561. [PMID: 34645267 PMCID: PMC10860204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gas-liquid interfaces (GLIs) are ubiquitous and have found widespread applications in a large variety of fields. Despite the recent trend of downscaling GLIs, their nanoscale fabrication remains challenging because of the lack of suitable tools. In this study, a nanofluidic device, which has undergone precise local surface modification, is used in combination with tailored physicochemical effects in nanospace and optimized nanofluidic operations, to produce uniform, arrayable, stable, and transportable nanoscale GLIs that can concentrate molecules of interest at the nanoscale. This approach provides a delicate nanofluidic mechanism for downscaling gas-liquid interfaces to the nanometer scale, thus opening up a new avenue for gas-liquid interface studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Kawagishi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kawamata
- Department
of Quantum and Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Yan Xu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- NanoSquare
Research Institute, Research Center for the 21st Century, Organization
for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture
University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
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40
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Sharma R, Geranpayehvaghei M, Ejeian F, Razmjou A, Asadnia M. Recent advances in polymeric nanostructured ion selective membranes for biomedical applications. Talanta 2021; 235:122815. [PMID: 34517671 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nano structured ion-selective membranes (ISMs) are very attractive materials for a wide range of sensing and ion separation applications. The present review focuses on the design principles of various ISMs; nanostructured and ionophore/ion acceptor doped ISMs, and their use in biomedical engineering. Applications of ISMs in the biomedical field have been well-known for more than half a century in potentiometric analysis of biological fluids and pharmaceutical products. However, the emergence of nanotechnology and sophisticated sensing methods assisted in miniaturising ion-selective electrodes to needle-like sensors that can be designed in the form of implantable or wearable devices (smartwatch, tattoo, sweatband, fabric patch) for health monitoring. This article provides a critical review of recent advances in miniaturization, sensing and construction of new devices over last decade (2011-2021). The designing of tunable ISM with biomimetic artificial ion channels offered intensive opportunities and innovative clinical analysis applications, including precise biosensing, controlled drug delivery and early disease diagnosis. This paper will also address the future perspective on potential applications and challenges in the widespread use of ISM for clinical use. Finally, this review details some recommendations and future directions to improve the accuracy and robustness of ISMs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Sharma
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Marzieh Geranpayehvaghei
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-175, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 73441-81746, Iran
| | - Amir Razmjou
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 73441-81746, Iran; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; UNESCO Center for Membrane Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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41
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Augmentation of the reverse electrodialysis power generation in soft nanochannels via tailoring the soft layer properties. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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42
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Ma Y, Liu R, Shen X, Wang D. Quantification of Asymmetric Ion Transport in Glass Nanopipettes near Charged Substrates. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Ma
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 P. R. China
| | - Rujia Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Shen
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 P. R. China
| | - Dengchao Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 P. R. China
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43
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Wang Z, Lv TY, Shi ZB, Yang SS, Gu ZY. Two-dimensional materials as solid-state nanopores for chemical sensing. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13608-13619. [PMID: 34518861 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02206g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores as a versatile alternative to biological nanopores have grown tremendously over the last two decades. They exhibit unique characteristics including mechanical robustness, thermal and chemical stability, easy modifications and so on. Moreover, the pore size of a solid-state nanopore could be accurately controlled from sub-nanometers to hundreds of nanometers based on the experimental requirements, presenting better adaptability than biological nanopores. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with single layer thicknesses and highly ordered structures have great potential as solid-state nanopores. In this perspective, we introduced three kinds of substrate-supported 2D material solid-state nanopores, including graphene, MoS2 and MOF nanosheets, which exhibited big advantages compared to traditional solid-state nanopores and other biological counterparts. Besides, we suggested the fabrication and modulation of 2D material solid-state nanopores. We also discussed the applications of 2D materials as solid-state nanopores for ion transportation, DNA sequencing and biomolecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Tian-Yi Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Bo Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Shi-Shu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Yuan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
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44
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Layer-selective functionalisation in mesoporous double layer via iniferter initiated polymerisation for nanoscale step gradient formation. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Silvestri A, Di Trani N, Canavese G, Motto Ros P, Iannucci L, Grassini S, Wang Y, Liu X, Demarchi D, Grattoni A. Silicon Carbide-Gated Nanofluidic Membrane for Active Control of Electrokinetic Ionic Transport. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:535. [PMID: 34357186 PMCID: PMC8303522 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of ions and molecules by external control at the nanoscale is highly relevant to biomedical applications. We report a biocompatible electrode-embedded nanofluidic channel membrane designed for electrofluidic applications such as ionic field-effect transistors for implantable drug-delivery systems. Our nanofluidic membrane includes a polysilicon electrode electrically isolated by amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC). The nanochannel gating performance was experimentally investigated based on the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, leakage current, and power consumption in potassium chloride (KCl) electrolyte. We observed significant modulation of ionic diffusive transport of both positively and negatively charged ions under physical confinement of nanochannels, with low power consumption. To study the physical mechanism associated with the gating performance, we performed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the flat band voltage and density of states were significantly low. In light of its remarkable performance in terms of ionic modulation and low power consumption, this new biocompatible nanofluidic membrane could lead to a new class of silicon implantable nanofluidic systems for tunable drug delivery and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Silvestri
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (P.M.R.); (D.D.)
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Nicola Di Trani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Giancarlo Canavese
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (L.I.); (S.G.)
| | - Paolo Motto Ros
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (P.M.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Leonardo Iannucci
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (L.I.); (S.G.)
| | - Sabrina Grassini
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy; (G.C.); (L.I.); (S.G.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Turin, 10129 Turin, Italy; (A.S.); (P.M.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.D.T.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Fabrication of Ultranarrow Nanochannels with Ultrasmall Nanocomponents in Glass Substrates. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070775. [PMID: 34209303 PMCID: PMC8305551 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanofluidics is supposed to take advantage of a variety of new physical phenomena and unusual effects at nanoscales typically below 100 nm. However, the current chip-based nanofluidic applications are mostly based on the use of nanochannels with linewidths above 100 nm, due to the restricted ability of the efficient fabrication of nanochannels with narrow linewidths in glass substrates. In this study, we established the fabrication of nanofluidic structures in glass substrates with narrow linewidths of several tens of nanometers by optimizing a nanofabrication process composed of electron-beam lithography and plasma dry etching. Using the optimized process, we achieved the efficient fabrication of fine glass nanochannels with sub-40 nm linewidths, uniform lateral features, and smooth morphologies, in an accurate and precise way. Furthermore, the use of the process allowed the integration of similar or dissimilar material-based ultrasmall nanocomponents in the ultranarrow nanochannels, including arrays of pockets with volumes as less as 42 zeptoliters (zL, 10−21 L) and well-defined gold nanogaps as narrow as 19 nm. We believe that the established nanofabrication process will be very useful for expanding fundamental research and in further improving the applications of nanofluidic devices.
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Keshan Balavandy S, Li F, Macdonald NP, Maya F, Townsend AT, Frederick K, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. Scalable 3D printing method for the manufacture of single-material fluidic devices with integrated filter for point of collection colourimetric analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1151:238101. [PMID: 33608072 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Assembly and bonding are major obstacles in manufacturing of functionally integrated fluidic devices. Here we demonstrate a single-material 3D printed device with an integrated porous structure capable of filtering particulate matter for the colourimetric detection of iron from soil and natural waters. Selecting a PolyJet 3D printer for its throughput, integrated filters were created exploiting a phenomenon occurring at the interface between the commercially available build material (Veroclear-RGD810) and water-soluble support material (SUP707). The porous properties were tuneable by varying the orientation of the print head relative to the channel and by varying the width of the build material. Porous structures ranging from 100 to 200 μm in thickness separated the sample and reagent chambers, filtering particles larger than 15 μm in diameter. Maintaining the manufacturing throughput of the Polyjet printer, 221 devices could be printed in 1.5 h (∼25 s per device). Including the 12 h post-processing soak in sodium hydroxide to remove the solid support material, the total time to print and process 221 devices was 13.5 h (3.6 min per device), with a material cost of $2.50 each. The applicability of the fluidic device for point of collection analysis was evaluated using colourimetric determination of iron from soil slurry and environmental samples. Following the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ using hydroxylammonium chloride, samples were introduced to the fluidic device where particulate matter was retained by the filter, allowing for particulate-free imaging of the red complex formed with 1,10-phenanthroline using a smartphone camera. The calibration curve ranged from of 1-100 mg L-1 Fe2+ and good agreement (95%) was obtained between the point of collection device and Sector Field ICP-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Keshan Balavandy
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Feng Li
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Niall P Macdonald
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, TAS, Australia; KLA, Kilcarbery Business Park, Dublin 22, Ireland.
| | - Fernando Maya
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Ashley T Townsend
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, TAS, Australia.
| | - Kimberley Frederick
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, United States.
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, TAS, Australia.
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48
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Dhanker R, Hussain T, Tyagi P, Singh KJ, Kamble SS. The Emerging Trend of Bio-Engineering Approaches for Microbial Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Applications. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638003. [PMID: 33796089 PMCID: PMC8008120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-organisms colonized the world before the multi-cellular organisms evolved. With the advent of microscopy, their existence became evident to the mankind and also the vast processes they regulate, that are in direct interest of the human beings. One such process that intrigued the researchers is the ability to grow in presence of toxic metals. The process seemed to be simple with the metal ions being sequestrated into the inclusion bodies or cell surfaces enabling the conversion into nontoxic nanostructures. However, the discovery of genome sequencing techniques highlighted the genetic makeup of these microbes as a quintessential aspect of these phenomena. The findings of metal resistance genes (MRG) in these microbes showed a rather complex regulation of these processes. Since most of these MRGs are plasmid encoded they can be transferred horizontally. With the discovery of nanoparticles and their many applications from polymer chemistry to drug delivery, the demand for innovative techniques of nanoparticle synthesis increased dramatically. It is now established that microbial synthesis of nanoparticles provides numerous advantages over the existing chemical methods. However, it is the explicit use of biotechnology, molecular biology, metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and genetic engineering tools that revolutionized the world of microbial nanotechnology. Detailed study of the micro and even nanolevel assembly of microbial life also intrigued biologists and engineers to generate molecular motors that mimic bacterial flagellar motor. In this review, we highlight the importance and tremendous hidden potential of bio-engineering tools in exploiting the area of microbial nanoparticle synthesis. We also highlight the application oriented specific modulations that can be done in the stages involved in the synthesis of these nanoparticles. Finally, the role of these nanoparticles in the natural ecosystem is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raunak Dhanker
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
| | - Touseef Hussain
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Priyanka Tyagi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
| | - Kawal Jeet Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Shashank S. Kamble
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
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Zhang S, Yang L, Ding D, Gao P, Xia F, Bruening ML. Highly Rectifying Fluidic Diodes Based on Asymmetric Layer-by-Layer Nanofilms on Nanochannel Membranes. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4291-4298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shouwei Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Dong Ding
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Merlin L. Bruening
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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50
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Peters WS, Jensen KH, Stone HA, Knoblauch M. Plasmodesmata and the problems with size: Interpreting the confusion. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 257:153341. [PMID: 33388666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissues exhibit a symplasmic organization; the individual protoplasts are connected to their neighbors via cytoplasmic bridges that extend through pores in the cell walls. These bridges may have diameters of a micrometer or more, as in the sieve pores of the phloem, but in most cell types they are smaller. Historically, botanists referred to cytoplasmic bridges of all sizes as plasmodesmata. The meaning of the term began to shift when the transmission electron microscope (TEM) became the preferred tool for studying these structures. Today, a plasmodesma is widely understood to be a 'nano-scale' pore. Unfortunately, our understanding of these nanoscopic channels suffers from methodological limitations. This is exemplified by the fact that state-of-the-art EM techniques appear to reveal plasmodesmal pore structures that are much smaller than the tracer molecules known to diffuse through these pores. In general, transport processes in pores that have dimensions in the size range of the transported molecules are governed by different physical parameters than transport process in the macroscopic realm. This can lead to unexpected effects, as experience in nanofluidic technologies demonstrates. Our discussion of problems of size in plasmodesma research leads us to conclude that the field will benefit from technomimetic reasoning - the utilization of concepts developed in applied nanofluidics for the interpretation of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried S Peters
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA; Department of Biology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA.
| | - Kaare H Jensen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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