1
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Tetenoire A, Omelchuk A, Malytskyi V, Jabin I, Lepeintre V, Bruylants G, Luo Y, Fihey A, Kepenekian M, Lagrost C. Multipodal Au-C grafting of calix[4]arene molecules on gold nanorods. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc02355b. [PMID: 39170717 PMCID: PMC11333938 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02355b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The interface robustness and spatial arrangement of functional molecules on metallic nanomaterials play a key part in the potential applications of functional nano-objects. The design of mechanically stable and electronically coupled attachments with the underlying metal is essential to bring specific desirable properties to the resulting hybrid materials. In this context, rigid multipodal platforms constitute a unique opportunity for the controllable grafting of functionality. Herein, we provide for the first time an in-depth description of the interface between gold nanorods and a chemically-grafted multipodal platform based on diazonium salts. Thanks to Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies and theoretical modeling, we deliver insights on the structural and electronic properties of the hybrid material. More importantly, it allows for the accurate assignment of Raman bands. The combination of experimental and theoretical results establishes the formation of four carbon-gold anchors for the calix[4]arene macrocycle leading to the exceptional stability of the functionalized nano-objects. Our results lay the foundations for the future design of robust and versatile platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auguste Tetenoire
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Anna Omelchuk
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Volodymyr Malytskyi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Victor Lepeintre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Gilles Bruylants
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Yun Luo
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques F-75006 Paris France
| | - Arnaud Fihey
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Mikaël Kepenekian
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Corinne Lagrost
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
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2
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Stojanovic L, Giannini S, Blumberger J. Exciton Transport in the Nonfullerene Acceptor O-IDTBR from Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:6241-6252. [PMID: 38967252 PMCID: PMC11270823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Theory, computation, and experiment have given strong evidence that charge carriers in organic molecular crystals form partially delocalized quantum objects that diffuse very efficiently via a mechanism termed transient delocalization. It is currently unclear how prevalent this mechanism is for exciton transport. Here we carry out simulation of singlet Frenkel excitons (FE) in a molecular organic semiconductor that belongs to the class of nonfullerene acceptors, O-IDTBR, using the recently introduced FE surface hopping nonadiabatic molecular dynamics method. We find that FE are, on average, localized on a single molecule in the crystal due to sizable reorganization energy and moderate excitonic couplings. Yet, our simulations suggest that the diffusion mechanism is more complex than simple local hopping; in addition to hopping, we observe frequent transient delocalization events where the exciton wave function expands over 10 or more molecules for a short period of time in response to thermal excitations within the excitonic band, followed by de-excitation and contraction onto a single molecule. The transient delocalization events lead to an increase in the diffusion constant by a factor of 3-4, depending on the crystallographic direction as compared to the situation where only local hopping events are considered. Intriguingly, O-IDTBR appears to be a moderately anisotropic 3D "conductor" for excitons but a highly anisotropic 2D conductor for electrons. Taken together with previous simulation results, two trends seem to emerge for molecular organic crystals: excitons tend to be more localized and slower than charge carriers due to higher internal reorganization energy, while exciton transport tends to be more isotropic than charge transport due to the weaker distance dependence of excitonic versus electronic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Stojanovic
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Thomas Young Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Samuele Giannini
- Institute
of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council (ICCOM-CNR), Pisa I-56124, Italy
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Thomas Young Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
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3
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Ghosh A, Pramanik A, Pal S, Sarkar P. Emergence of Z-Scheme Photocatalysis for Total Water Splitting: An Improvised Route to High Efficiency. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6841-6851. [PMID: 38917061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting to spontaneously produce H2 and O2 is a long-standing goal in solar energy conversion, presenting a significant challenge without using sacrificial electron donors or external biases. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, the design of artificial Z-scheme photocatalytic systems is at the forefront of this field. These systems achieve higher redox potential by separating photogenerated electrons and holes through a fast interlayer recombination process between valence and conduction band edges. Z-scheme photocatalysis involves using two different semiconductors with distinct bandgap energies. Here, we explore potential systems based on two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures composed of carbon, nitrogen, or similar main group elements. The advantages and disadvantages of these systems are discussed, with a focus on enhancing their efficiency through strategic design. Special emphasis is placed on the dynamics of excited charge carrier transfer and recombination processes, which are crucial for developing efficient photocatalytic systems for overall water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Anup Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia 723104, India
| | - Sougata Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
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4
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Zhang Q, Shao X, Li W, Mi W, Pavanello M, Akimov AV. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with subsystem density functional theory: application to crystalline pentacene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:385901. [PMID: 38866023 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad577d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we report the development and assessment of the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics approach with the electronic structure calculations based on the linearly scaling subsystem density functional method. The approach is implemented in an open-source embedded Quantum Espresso/Libra software specially designed for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations in extended systems. As proof of the applicability of this method to large condensed-matter systems, we examine the dynamics of nonradiative relaxation of excess excitation energy in pentacene crystals with the simulation supercells containing more than 600 atoms. We find that increased structural disorder observed in larger supercell models induces larger nonadiabatic couplings of electronic states and accelerates the relaxation dynamics of excited states. We conduct a comparative analysis of several quantum-classical trajectory surface hopping schemes, including two new methods proposed in this work (revised decoherence-induced surface hopping and instantaneous decoherence at frustrated hops). Most of the tested schemes suggest fast energy relaxation occurring with the timescales in the 0.7-2.0 ps range, but they significantly overestimate the ground state recovery rates. Only the modified simplified decay of mixing approach yields a notably slower relaxation timescales of 8-14 ps, with a significantly inhibited ground state recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
| | - Xuecheng Shao
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Mi
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Michele Pavanello
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, United States of America
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States of America
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5
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Samuthirapandi K, Durairaj P, Sarkar S. Interfacial Charge Transfer in Photoexcited QD-Molecule Composite of Tetrahedral CdSe Quantum Dot Coupled with Carbazole. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31045-31055. [PMID: 38857441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Photoexcited charge transfer dynamics in CdSe quantum dots (QDs) coupled with carbazole were explored to model QD-molecule systems for light-harvesting applications. The absorption spectra of QDs with different sizes, i.e., Cd35Se20X30L30 (T1), Cd56Se35X42L42 (T2), and Cd84Se56X56L56 (T3) were simulated with quantum dynamical methods, which qualitatively match the reported experimental spectra. The carbazole is attached with a 3-amino group at the apex position of T1 (namely T1-3A-Cz), establishing proper electronic communication between T1 and carbazole. The spectra of T1-3A-Cz is 0.22 eV red-shifted compared to T1. A time-dependent perturbation was applied in tune with the lowest energy peak (3.63 eV) of T1-3A-Cz to investigate the charge transfer dynamics, which revealed an ultrafast charge separation within the femtosecond time scale. The electronic structure showed a favorable energy alignment between T1 and carbazole in T1-3A-Cz. The LUMO of carbazole was situated below the conduction band of the QD, while the HOMO of carbazole mixed perfectly with the top of the valence band of the QD, developing the interfacial charge transfer states. These states promoted the photoexcited electron transfer directly from the CdSe core to carbazole. A rapid and enhanced charge separation occurred with the laser field strength increasing from 0.001 to 0.005 V/Å. However, T1 connected to the other positions of carbazole did not show charge separation effectively. The photoinduced charge transfer is negligible in the case of T2-carbazole systems due to poor electronic coupling, and it is not observed in T3-carbazole systems. So, the T1-3A-Cz model acts as a perfect donor-acceptor QD-molecule nanocomposite that can harvest photon energy efficiently. Further enhancement of charge transfer can be achieved by coupling more carbazoles to the T1 QD (e.g., T1-3A-Cz2) due to the extension of hole delocalization between T1 and the carbazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pandiselvi Durairaj
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Sunandan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
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6
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Mondal S, Habib M, Sarkar R, Pal S. Prolonged Exciton Lifetime Is Achieved in Porphyrin Nanoring by Template Engineering: A Nonadiabatic Tight Binding Approach. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4737-4744. [PMID: 38661142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin nanoring has been attracting immense attention due to its light harvesting capacity and potential applications in optical, catalysis, sensor, and electronic devices. We demonstrate by nonadiabatic quantum dynamics simulations that the photovoltaic efficiency can be enhanced by template engineering. Altering the hexadentate template (T6) with two tridentate templates (2T3) within the porphyrin ring (P6) cavity accelerated the electron transfer twice and suppressed the electron-hole recombination by nearly three times. The atomistic tight-binding simulation rationalized the dynamics by different localizations of charge of the band edge states, changes in nonadiabatic coupling, alteration in quantum coherence, and involvement of diverse electron-phonon vibrational modes. Further 2T3 templates more strongly hold the P6 ring than T6, reducing the structural fluctuation. As a result, the nonadiabatic coupling becomes weaker and suppresses the carrier recombination. Current atomistic simulation presents a template engineering strategy to enhance the exciton lifetime along with ultrafast charge separation, crucial factors for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrabanti Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Md Habib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
- Department of Chemistry, Sripat Singh College, Jiaganj 742122, India
| | - Ritabrata Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Sougata Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
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7
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Rapacioli M, Buey MY, Spiegelman F. Addressing electronic and dynamical evolution of molecules and molecular clusters: DFTB simulations of energy relaxation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1499-1515. [PMID: 37933901 PMCID: PMC10793726 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02852f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a review of the capabilities of the density functional based Tight Binding (DFTB) scheme to address the electronic relaxation and dynamical evolution of molecules and molecular clusters following energy deposition via either collision or photoabsorption. The basics and extensions of DFTB for addressing these systems and in particular their electronic states and their dynamical evolution are reviewed. Applications to PAH molecules and clusters, carbonaceous systems of major interest in astrochemical/astrophysical context, are reported. A variety of processes are examined and discussed such as collisional hydrogenation, fast collisional processes and induced electronic and charge dynamics, collision-induced fragmentation, photo-induced fragmentation, relaxation in high electronic states, electronic-to-vibrational energy conversion and statistical versus non-statistical fragmentation. This review illustrates how simulations may help to unravel different relaxation mechanisms depending on various factors such as the system size, specific electronic structure or excitation conditions, in close connection with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantique (LCPQ/FERMI), UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Maysa Yusef Buey
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantique (LCPQ/FERMI), UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantique (LCPQ/FERMI), UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
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8
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Mondal S, Chowdhury U, Dey S, Habib M, Mora Perez C, Frauenheim T, Sarkar R, Pal S, Prezhdo OV. Controlling Charge Carrier Dynamics in Porphyrin Nanorings by Optically Active Templates. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11384-11392. [PMID: 38078872 PMCID: PMC10749466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers is essential for enhancing the performance of solar and optoelectronic devices. Using atomistic quantum dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that a short π-conjugated optically active template can be used to control hot carrier relaxation, charge carrier separation, and carrier recombination in light-harvesting porphyrin nanorings. Relaxation of hot holes is slowed by 60% with an optically active template compared to that with an analogous optically inactive template. Both systems exhibit subpicosecond electron transfer from the photoactive core to the templates. Notably, charge recombination is suppressed 6-fold by the optically active template. The atomistic time-domain simulations rationalize these effects by the extent of electron and hole localization, modification of the density of states, participation of distinct vibrational motions, and changes in quantum coherence. Extension of the hot carrier lifetime and reduction of charge carrier recombination, without hampering charge separation, demonstrate a strategy for enhancing efficiencies of energy materials with optically active templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrabanti Mondal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Uttam Chowdhury
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Subhajit Dey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Md Habib
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Sripat Singh College, Jiaganj 742122, India
| | - Carlos Mora Perez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen
Center
for Computational Materials Science, Universität
Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
- Beijing
Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Shenzhen
JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Ritabrata Sarkar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
- Bremen
Center
for Computational Materials Science, Universität
Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Sougata Pal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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9
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Yang Y, Shi Z, Zhang S, Ma X, Bai J, Fan D, Zang H, Sun X, Li D. Nonradiative Dynamics Induced by Vacancies in Wide-Gap III-Nitrides: Ab Initio Time-Domain Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6719-6725. [PMID: 37470335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Insightful understanding of defect properties and prevention of defect damage are among the biggest issues in the development of photoelectronic devices based on wide-gap III-nitride semiconductors. Here, we have investigated the vacancy-induced carrier nonradiative dynamics in wide-gap III-nitrides (GaN, AlN, and AlxGa1-xN) by ab initio molecular dynamics and nonadiabatic (NA) quantum dynamics simulations since the considerable defect density in epitaxy samples. E-h recombination is hardly affected by Vcation, which created shallow states near the VBM. Our findings demonstrate that VN in AlN creates defect-assisted nonradiative recombination centers and shortens the recombination time (τ) as in the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) model. In GaN, VN improves the NA coupling between the CBM and the VBM. Additionally, increasing x in the AlxGa1-xN alloys accelerates nonradiative recombination, which may be an important issue in further improving the IQE of high Al-content AlxGa1-xN alloys. These findings have significant implications for the improvement of wide-gap III-nitrides-based photoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Shoufeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Xiaobao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangxiao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dashuo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hang Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Dabing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Shi R, Long R, Fang WH, Prezhdo OV. Rapid Interlayer Charge Separation and Extended Carrier Lifetimes due to Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Organic and Mixed Organic-Inorganic Dion-Jacobson Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5297-5309. [PMID: 36826471 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Promising alternatives to three-dimensional perovskites, two-dimensional (2D) layered metal halide perovskites have proven their potential in optoelectronic applications due to improved photo- and chemical stability. Nevertheless, photovoltaic devices based on 2D perovskites suffer from poor efficiency owing to unfavorable charge carrier dynamics and energy losses. Focusing on the 2D Dion-Jacobson perovskite phase that is rapidly rising in popularity, we demonstrate that doping of complementary cations into the 3-(aminomethyl)piperidinium perovskite accelerates spontaneous charge separation and slows down charge recombination, both factors improving the photovoltaic performance. Employing ab initio nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics combined with time-dependent density functional theory, we demonstrate that cesium doping broadens the bandgap by 0.4 eV and breaks structural symmetry. Assisted by thermal fluctuations, the symmetry breaking helps to localize electrons and holes in different layers and activates additional vibrational modes. As a result, the charge separation is accelerated. Simultaneously, the charge carrier lifetime grows due to shortened coherence time between the ground and excited states. The established relationships between perovskite composition and charge carrier dynamics provide guidelines toward future material discovery and design of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Shi
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry, and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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11
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Xie RF, Zhang JB, Wu Y, Li L, Liu XY, Cui G. Non-negligible roles of charge transfer excitons in ultrafast excitation energy transfer dynamics of a double-walled carbon nanotube. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:054108. [PMID: 36754819 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we employed a developed linear response time dependent density functional theory-based nonadiabatic dynamics simulation method that explicitly takes into account the excitonic effects to investigate photoinduced excitation energy transfer dynamics of a double-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) model with different excitation energies. The E11 excitation of the outer CNT will generate a local excitation (LE) |out*〉 exciton due to its low energy, which does not induce any charge separation. In contrast, the E11 excitation of the inner CNT can generate four kinds of excitons with the LE exciton |in*〉 dominates. In the 500-fs dynamics simulation, the LE exciton |in*〉 and charge transfer (CT) excitons |out-in+〉 and |out+in-〉 are all gradually converted to the |out*〉 exciton, corresponding to a photoinduced excitation energy transfer, which is consistent with experimental studies. Finally, when the excitation energy is close to the E22 state of the outer CNT (∼1.05 eV), a mixed population of different excitons, with the |out*〉 exciton dominated, is generated. Then, photoinduced energy transfer from the outer to inner CNTs occurs in the first 50 fs, which is followed by an inner to outer excitation energy transfer that is completed in 400 fs. The present work not only sheds important light on the mechanistic details of wavelength-dependent excitation energy transfer of a double-walled CNT model but also demonstrates the roles and importance of CT excitons in photoinduced excitation energy transfer. It also emphasized that explicitly including the excitonic effects in electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations is significant for correct understanding/rational design of optoelectronic properties of periodically extended systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fang Xie
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Jing-Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Laicai Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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12
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Wang H, Zhou Z, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Passivation of Hematite by a Semiconducting Overlayer Reduces Charge Recombination: An Insight from Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:879-887. [PMID: 36661401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Surface-passivating layers are effective in improving water oxidation kinetics; however, the passivation mechanism is not fully understood due to the complexity of interfacial reactions. Focusing on the Fe-terminated Fe2O3 (0001) surface that exhibits surface states in the band gap, we perform ab initio quantum dynamics simulations to study the effect of an α-Ga2O3 overlayer on charge recombination. The overlayer eliminates surface states and suppresses charge recombination 4-fold. This explains in part the observed cathodic shift in the onset potential for water oxidation. The increased charge carrier lifetime is an outcome of two factors, energy gap and electron-vibrational coupling, with a positive contribution from the former but a negative contribution from the latter. This work presents an advance in the atomistic time-domain understanding of the influence of surface passivation on charge recombination dynamics and provides guidance for designing novel α-Fe2O3 photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an710064, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an710064, China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Deparment of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
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13
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Wu Y, Liu D, Chu W, Wang B, Vasenko AS, Prezhdo OV. Fluctuations at Metal Halide Perovskite Grain Boundaries Create Transient Trap States: Machine Learning Assisted Ab Initio Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55753-55761. [PMID: 36475599 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic perovskites are promising candidates for solar energy and optoelectronic applications, despite their polycrystalline nature with a large density of grain boundaries (GBs) due to facile solution-processed fabrication. GBs exhibit complex atomistic structures undergoing slow rearrangements. By studying evolution of the Σ5(210) CsPbBr3 GB on a nanosecond time scale, comparable to charge carrier lifetimes, we demonstrate that GB deformations appear every ∼100 ps and increase significantly the probability of deep charge traps. However, the deep traps form only transiently for a few hundred femtoseconds. In contrast, shallow traps appear continuously at the GB. Shallow traps are localized in the GB layer, while deep traps are in a sublayer, which is still distorted from the pristine structure and can be jammed in unfavorable conformations. The GB electronic properties correlate with bond angles, with notable exception of the Br-Br distance, which provides a signature of halide migration along GBs. The transient nature of trap states and localization of electrons and holes at different parts of GBs indicate that charge carrier lifetimes should be long. At the same time, charge mobility can be reduced. The complex, multiscale evolution of geometric and electronic structures of GBs rationalize the contradictory statements made in the literature regarding both benign and detrimental roles of GBs in perovskite performance and provide new atomistic insights into perovskite properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | - Weibin Chu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bipeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Andrey S Vasenko
- HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russia
- I.E. Tamm Department of Theoretical Physics, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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14
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Li W, Akimov AV. How Good Is the Vibronic Hamiltonian Repetition Approach for Long-Time Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics? J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9688-9694. [PMID: 36218389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple applied studies of slow nonadiabatic processes in nanoscale and condensed matter systems have adopted the "repetition" approximation in which long trajectories for such simulations are obtained by concatenating shorter trajectories, directly available from ab initio calculations, many times. Here, we comprehensively assess this approximation using model Hamiltonians with parameters covering a wide range of regimes. We find that state transition time scales may strongly depend on the length of the repeated data, although the convergence is not monotonic and may be slow. The repetition approach may under- or overestimate the time scales by a factor of ≤7-8, does not directly depend on the dispersion of energy gap and nonadiabatic coupling (NAC) frequencies, but may depend on the magnitude of the NACs. We suggest that the repetition-based nonadiabatic dynamics may be inaccurate in simulations with very small NACs, where intrinsic transition times are on the order of ≥100 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha410128, China
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York14260, United States
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15
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Sarkar R, Habib M, Pal S. Symmetrical Linkage in Porphyrin Nanoring Suppressed the Electron-Hole Recombination Demonstrated by Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7213-7219. [PMID: 35912962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular porphyrin nanorings are receiving significant attention because of their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, their efficiencies as potential solar materials are significantly affected by nonradiative charge recombination. To understand the recombination mechanism by alternating structural parameters and using tight-binding nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that charge recombination depends strongly on the mode of the linker in the porphyrin nanoring. The nanoring having all-butadiyne-linkage (pristine-P8) inhibits carrier relaxation. In contrast, a partially fused nanoring (fused-P8) expedites the rate of quantum transition. An extension of the lifetime by a factor of 4 is due to the larger optical gap in pristine-P8 that reduces the NA coupling by decreasing the overlap between band edge states. Additionally, an intense phonon peak in the low-frequency region and rapid coherence loss within the electronic subsystem favors prolonging the carrier lifetime. This study provides an atomistic realization for the design of macromolecular porphyrin nanorings for the potential use in photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrata Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, Universität Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Md Habib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
- Department of Chemistry, Sripat Singh College, Jiaganj 742122, India
| | - Sougata Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
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16
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Pradhan CS, Jain A. Detailed Balance and Independent Electron Surface-Hopping Method: The Importance of Decoherence and Correct Calculation of Diabatic Populations. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4615-4626. [PMID: 35880817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We benchmark and improve the independent electron surface-hopping (IESH) method developed by J. C. Tully's group for nonadiabatic simulations near metal surfaces. We have incorporated decoherence within the IESH method as well as implemented a scheme for the accurate calculation of diabatic populations. We benchmark the original IESH method with the above inclusions for a model system to calculate rate constants and long-time populations. The original IESH method fails to capture the detailed balance for some of the parameters, which is corrected with the inclusion of decoherence and accurate calculation of diabatic populations. Total rate constants are well captured both within the original IESH method as well as within our modified IESH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay S Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Amber Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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17
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Shakiba M, Stippell E, Li W, Akimov AV. Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics with Extended Density Functional Tight-Binding: Application to Nanocrystals and Periodic Solids. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:5157-5180. [PMID: 35758936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a new methodology for nonadiabatic molecular dynamics calculations within the extended tight-binding (xTB) framework. We demonstrate the applicability of the developed approach to finite and periodic systems with thousands of atoms by modeling "hot" electron relaxation dynamics in silicon nanocrystals and electron-hole recombination in both a graphitic carbon nitride monolayer and a titanium-based metal-organic framework (MOF). This work reports the nonadiabatic dynamic simulations in the largest Si nanocrystals studied so far by the xTB framework, with diameters up to 3.5 nm. For silicon nanocrystals, we find a non-monotonic dependence of "hot" electron relaxation rates on the nanocrystal size, in agreement with available experimental reports. We rationalize this relationship by a combination of decreasing nonadiabatic couplings related to system size and the increase of available coherent transfer pathways in systems with higher densities of states. We emphasize the importance of proper treatment of coherences for obtaining such non-monotonic dependences. We characterize the electron-hole recombination dynamics in the graphitic carbon nitride monolayer and the Ti-containing MOF. We demonstrate the importance of spin-adaptation and proper sampling of surface hopping trajectories in modeling such processes. We also assess several trajectory surface hopping schemes and highlight their distinct qualitative behavior in modeling the excited-state dynamics in superexchange-like models depending on how they handle coherences between nearly parallel states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shakiba
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Elizabeth Stippell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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18
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Mukherjee S, Pinheiro M, Demoulin B, Barbatti M. Simulations of molecular photodynamics in long timescales. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20200382. [PMID: 35341303 PMCID: PMC8958277 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations in the long timescale (much longer than 10 ps) are the next challenge in computational photochemistry. This paper delimits the scope of what we expect from methods to run such simulations: they should work in full nuclear dimensionality, be general enough to tackle any type of molecule and not require unrealistic computational resources. We examine the main methodological challenges we should venture to advance the field, including the computational costs of the electronic structure calculations, stability of the integration methods, accuracy of the nonadiabatic dynamics algorithms and software optimization. Based on simulations designed to shed light on each of these issues, we show how machine learning may be a crucial element for long time-scale dynamics, either as a surrogate for electronic structure calculations or aiding the parameterization of model Hamiltonians. We show that conventional methods for integrating classical equations should be adequate to extended simulations up to 1 ns and that surface hopping agrees semiquantitatively with wave packet propagation in the weak-coupling regime. We also describe our optimization of the Newton-X program to reduce computational overheads in data processing and storage. This article is part of the theme issue 'Chemistry without the Born-Oppenheimer approximation'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Pinheiro
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
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19
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Liu D, Perez CM, Vasenko AS, Prezhdo OV. Ag-Bi Charge Redistribution Creates Deep Traps in Defective Cs 2AgBiBr 6: Machine Learning Analysis of Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3645-3651. [PMID: 35435697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead-free double perovskites hold promise for stable and environmentally benign solar cells; however, they exhibit low efficiencies because defects act as charge recombination centers. Identifying trap-assisted loss mechanisms and developing defect passivation strategies constitute an urgent goal. Applying unsupervised machine learning to density functional theory and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that negatively charged Br vacancies in Cs2AgBiBr6 create deep hole traps through charge redistribution between the adjacent Ag and Bi atoms. Vacancy electrons are first accepted by Bi and then shared with Ag, as the trap transforms from shallow to deep. Subsequent charge losses are promoted by Ag and Bi motions perpendicular to rather than along the Ag-Bi axis, as can be expected. In contrast, charge recombination in pristine Cs2AgBiBr6 correlates most with displacements of Cs atoms and Br-Br-Br angles. Doping with In to replace Ag at the vacancy maintains the electrons at Bi and keeps the trap shallow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Mora Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Andrey S Vasenko
- HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russia
- I.E. Tamm Department of Theoretical Physics, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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20
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Samanta B, Morales-García Á, Illas F, Goga N, Anta JA, Calero S, Bieberle-Hütter A, Libisch F, Muñoz-García AB, Pavone M, Caspary Toroker M. Challenges of modeling nanostructured materials for photocatalytic water splitting. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3794-3818. [PMID: 35439803 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00648g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the water splitting mechanism in photocatalysis is a rewarding goal as it will allow producing clean fuel for a sustainable life in the future. However, identifying the photocatalytic mechanisms by modeling photoactive nanoparticles requires sophisticated computational techniques based on multiscale modeling. In this review, we will survey the strengths and drawbacks of currently available theoretical methods at different length and accuracy scales. Understanding the surface-active site through Density Functional Theory (DFT) using new, more accurate exchange-correlation functionals plays a key role for surface engineering. Larger scale dynamics of the catalyst/electrolyte interface can be treated with Molecular Dynamics albeit there is a need for more generalizations of force fields. Monte Carlo and Continuum Modeling techniques are so far not the prominent path for modeling water splitting but interest is growing due to the lower computational cost and the feasibility to compare the modeling outcome directly to experimental data. The future challenges in modeling complex nano-photocatalysts involve combining different methods in a hierarchical way so that resources are spent wisely at each length scale, as well as accounting for excited states chemistry that is important for photocatalysis, a path that will bring devices closer to the theoretical limit of photocatalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasa Samanta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3600003, Israel
| | - Ángel Morales-García
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nicolae Goga
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, Universitatea Politehnica din Bucuresti, Bucuresti, Romania.
| | - Juan Antonio Anta
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Crta. De Utrera km. 1, 41089 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Sofia Calero
- Materials Simulation & Modeling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Bieberle-Hütter
- Electrochemical Materials and Interfaces, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), 5600 HH Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Florian Libisch
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ana B Muñoz-García
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy.
| | - Michele Pavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 21, Napoli 80126, Italy.
| | - Maytal Caspary Toroker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3600003, Israel.,The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3600003, Israel.
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21
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Wang Z, Dong J, Qiu J, Wang L. All-Atom Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulation of Hybrid Graphene Nanoribbons Based on Wannier Analysis and Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22929-22940. [PMID: 35100503 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trajectory surface hopping combined with ab initio electronic structure calculations is a popular and powerful approach for on-the-fly nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. For large systems, however, this remains a significant challenge because of the unaffordable computational cost of large-scale electronic structure calculations. Here, we present an efficient divide-and-conquer approach to construct the system Hamiltonian based on Wannier analysis and machine learning. In detail, the large system under investigation is first decomposed into small building blocks, and then all possible segments formed by building blocks within a cutoff distance are found out. Ab initio molecular dynamics is carried out to generate a sequence of geometries for each equivalent segment with periodicity. The Hamiltonian matrices in the maximum localized Wannier function (MLWF) basis are obtained for all geometries and utilized to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the structure-dependent Hamiltonian elements. Taking advantage of the orthogonality and spatial locality of MLWFs, the one-electron Hamiltonian of a large system at arbitrary geometry can be directly constructed by the trained ANNs. As demonstrations, we study charge transport in a zigzag graphene nanoribbon (GNR), a coved GNR, and a series of hybrid GNRs with a state-of-the-art surface hopping method. The interplay between delocalized and localized states is found to determine the electron dynamics in hybrid GNRs. Our approach has successfully studied GNRs with >10 000 atoms, paving the way for efficient and reliable all-atom nonadiabatic dynamics simulation of general systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiawei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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22
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Uratani H, Nakai H. Scalable Ehrenfest Molecular Dynamics Exploiting the Locality of Density-Functional Tight-Binding Hamiltonian. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:7384-7396. [PMID: 34860019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To explore the science behind excited-state dynamics in high-complexity chemical systems, a scalable nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (MD) technique is indispensable. In this study, by treating the electronic degrees of freedom at the density-functional tight-binding level, we developed and implemented a reduced scaling and multinode-parallelizable Ehrenfest MD method. To achieve this goal, we introduced a concept called patchwork approximation (PA), where the effective Hamiltonian for real-time propagation of the electronic density matrix is partitioned into a set of local parts. Numerical results for giant icosahedral fullerenes, which comprise up to 6000 atoms, suggest that the scaling of the present PA-based method is less than quadratic, which yields a significant advantage over the conventional cubic scaling method in terms of computational time. The acceleration by the parallelization on multiple nodes was also assessed. Furthermore, the electronic and structural dynamics resulting from the perturbation by the external electric field were accurately reproduced with the PA, even when the electronic excitation was spatially delocalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uratani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
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23
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Abstract
Rapid, far-from-equilibrium processes involving excitation of electronic, vibrational, spin, photon, topological, and other degrees of freedom form the basis of modern technologies, including electronics and optoelectronics, solar energy harvesting and conversion to electrical and chemical energy, quantum information processing, spin- and valleytronics, chemical detection, and medical therapies. Such processes are studied experimentally with various time-resolved spectroscopies that allow scientists to track system's evolution on ultrafast time scales and at close to atomistic level of detail. The availability of various forms of lasing has made such measurements easily accessible to many experimental groups worldwide, to study atoms and small molecules, nanoscale and condensed matter systems, proteins, cells, and mesoscopic materials. The experimental work necessitates parallel theoretical efforts needed to interpret the experiments and to provide insights that cannot be gained through measurements due to experimental limitations.Non-adiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics (MD) allows one to study processes at the atomistic level and in the time domain most directly mimicking the time-resolved experiments. Atomistic modeling takes full advantage of chemical intuition and principles that guide design and fabrication of molecules and materials. It provides atomistic origins of quasi-particles, such as holes, excitons, trions, plasmons, phonons, polarons, polaritons, spin-waves, momentum-resolved and topological states, electrically and magnetically polarized structures, and other abstract concepts. An atomistic description enables one to study realistic aspects of materials, which necessarily contain defects, dopants, surfaces, interfaces, passivating ligands, and solvent layers. Often, such realistic features govern material properties and are hard to account for phenomenologically. NA-MD requires few approximations and assumptions. It does not need to assume that atomic motions are harmonic, that electrons are Drude oscillators, that coupling between different degrees of freedom is weak, that dynamics is Markovian or has short memory, or that evolution occurs by exponential kinetics of transitions between few states. The classical or semiclassical treatment of atomic motions constitutes the main approximation of NA-MD and is used because atoms are 3-5 orders of magnitude heavier than electrons. NA-MD is limited by system size, typically hundreds or thousands of atoms, and time scale, picoseconds to nanoseconds. The quality of NA-MD simulations depends on the electronic structure method used to obtain excited state energies and NA couplings.NA-MD has been largely popularized and advanced in the chemistry community that focuses on molecules. Modeling far-from-equilibrium dynamics in nanoscale and condensed matter systems often has to account for other types of physics. At the same time, condensed phase NA-MD allows for approximations that may not work in molecules. Focusing on the recent NA-MD developments aimed at studying excited state processes in nanoscale and condensed phases, this Account considers how the phenomena important on the nanoscale can be incorporated into NA-MD and what approximations can be made to increase its efficiency with complex systems and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, and Chemical Engineering University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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24
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Zhou Z, Parker SM. Accelerating molecular property calculations with semiempirical preconditioning. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:204111. [PMID: 34852479 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Computing ab initio molecular linear response properties, e.g., electronic excitation energies and transition dipole moments, requires the solution of large eigenvalue problems or large systems of equations. These large eigenvalue problems or large systems of equations are commonly solved iteratively using Krylov space algorithms, such as the Davidson algorithm for eigenvalue problems. A critical ingredient in Krylov space algorithms is the preconditioner, which is used to generate optimal update vectors in each iteration. We propose to use semiempirical approximations as preconditioners to accelerate the calculation of ab initio properties. The crucial advantage to improving the preconditioner is that the converged result is unchanged, so there is no trade-off between accuracy and speedup. We demonstrate our approach by accelerating the calculation of electronic excitation energies and electric polarizabilities from linear response time-dependent density functional theory using the simplified time-dependent density functional theory semiempirical model. For excitation energies, the semiempirical preconditioner reduces the number of iterations on average by 37% and up to 70%. The semiempirical preconditioner reduces the number of iterations for computing the polarizability by 15% on average and up to 33%. Moreover, we show that the preconditioner can be further improved by tuning the empirical parameters that define the semiempirical model, leading to an additional reduction in the number of iterations by about 20%. Our approach bridges the gap between semiempirical models and ab initio methods and charts a path toward combining the speed of semiempirical models with the accuracy of ab initio methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Shane M Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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25
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Wu Y, Chu W, Vasenko AS, Prezhdo OV. Common Defects Accelerate Charge Carrier Recombination in CsSnI 3 without Creating Mid-Gap States. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8699-8705. [PMID: 34472876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead-free metal halide perovskites are environmentally friendly and have favorable electro-optical properties; however, their efficiencies are significantly below the theoretical limit. Using ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, we show that common intrinsic defects accelerate nonradiative charge recombination in CsSnI3 without creating midgap traps. This is in contrast to Pb-based perovskites, in which many defects have little influence on and even prolong carrier lifetimes. Sn-related defects, such as Sn vacancies and replacement of Sn with Cs are most detrimental, since Sn removal breaks the largest number of bonds and strongly perturbs the Sn-I lattice that supports the carriers. The defects increase the nonadiabatic electron-vibrational coupling and interact strongly with free carrier states. Point defects associated with I atoms are less detrimental, and therefore, CsSnI3 synthesis should be performed in Sn rich conditions. The study provides an atomistic rationalization of why lead-free CsSnI3 exhibits lower photovoltaic efficiency compared to some lead-based perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Weibin Chu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Andrey S Vasenko
- HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russia
- I.E. Tamm Department of Theoretical Physics, P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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26
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Posenitskiy E, Spiegelman F, Lemoine D. On application of deep learning to simplified quantum-classical dynamics in electronically excited states. MACHINE LEARNING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/abfe3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Deep learning (DL) is applied to simulate non-adiabatic molecular dynamics of phenanthrene, using the time-dependent density functional based tight binding (TD-DFTB) approach for excited states combined with mixed quantum–classical propagation. Reference calculations rely on Tully’s fewest-switches surface hopping (FSSH) algorithm coupled to TD-DFTB, which provides electronic relaxation dynamics in fair agreement with various available experimental results. Aiming at describing the coupled electron-nuclei dynamics in large molecular systems, we then examine the combination of DL for excited-state potential energy surfaces (PESs) with a simplified trajectory surface hopping propagation based on the Belyaev–Lebedev (BL) scheme. We start to assess the accuracy of the TD-DFTB approach upon comparison of the optical spectrum with experimental and higher-level theoretical results. Using the recently developed SchNetPack (Schütt et al 2019 J. Chem. Theory Comput.
15 448–55) for DL applications, we train several models and evaluate their performance in predicting excited-state energies and forces. Then, the main focus is given to the analysis of the electronic population of low-lying excited states computed with the aforementioned methods. We determine the relaxation timescales and compare them with experimental data. Our results show that DL demonstrates its ability to describe the excited-state PESs. When coupled to the simplified BL scheme considered in this study, it provides reliable description of the electronic relaxation in phenanthrene as compared with either the experimental data or the higher-level FSSH/TD-DFTB theoretical results. Furthermore, the DL performance allows high-throughput analysis at a negligible cost.
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27
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Weight BM, Mandal A, Huo P. Ab initio symmetric quasi-classical approach to investigate molecular Tully models. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:084106. [PMID: 34470343 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We perform on-the-fly non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations using the symmetrical quasi-classical (SQC) approach with the recently suggested molecular Tully models: ethylene and fulvene. We attempt to provide benchmarks of the SQC methods using both the square and triangle windowing schemes as well as the recently proposed electronic zero-point-energy correction scheme (the so-called γ correction). We use the quasi-diabatic propagation scheme to directly interface the diabatic SQC methods with adiabatic electronic structure calculations. Our results showcase the drastic improvement of the accuracy by using the trajectory-adjusted γ-corrections, which outperform the widely used trajectory surface hopping method with decoherence corrections. These calculations provide useful and non-trivial tests to systematically investigate the numerical performance of various diabatic quantum dynamics approaches, going beyond simple diabatic model systems that have been used as the major workhorse in the quantum dynamics field. At the same time, these available benchmark studies will also likely foster the development of new quantum dynamics approaches based on these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden M Weight
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Arkajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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28
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Li W, She Y, Vasenko AS, Prezhdo OV. Ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics of charge carriers in metal halide perovskites. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10239-10265. [PMID: 34031683 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01990b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced nonequilibrium processes in nanoscale materials play key roles in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. This review summarizes recent theoretical investigations of excited state dynamics in metal halide perovskites (MHPs), carried out using a state-of-the-art methodology combining nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with real-time time-dependent density functional theory. The simulations allow one to study evolution of charge carriers at the ab initio level and in the time-domain, in direct connection with time-resolved spectroscopy experiments. Eliminating the need for the common approximations, such as harmonic phonons, a choice of the reaction coordinate, weak electron-phonon coupling, a particular kinetic mechanism, and perturbative calculation of rate constants, we model full-dimensional quantum dynamics of electrons coupled to semiclassical vibrations. We study realistic aspects of material composition and structure and their influence on various nonequilibrium processes, including nonradiative trapping and relaxation of charge carriers, hot carrier cooling and luminescence, Auger-type charge-charge scattering, multiple excitons generation and recombination, charge and energy transfer between donor and acceptor materials, and charge recombination inside individual materials and across donor/acceptor interfaces. These phenomena are illustrated with representative materials and interfaces. Focus is placed on response to external perturbations, formation of point defects and their passivation, mixed stoichiometries, dopants, grain boundaries, and interfaces of MHPs with charge transport layers, and quantum confinement. In addition to bulk materials, perovskite quantum dots and 2D perovskites with different layer and spacer cation structures, edge passivation, and dielectric screening are discussed. The atomistic insights into excited state dynamics under realistic conditions provide the fundamental understanding needed for design of advanced solar energy and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Sarkar R, Kar M, Habib M, Zhou G, Frauenheim T, Sarkar P, Pal S, Prezhdo OV. Common Defects Accelerate Charge Separation and Reduce Recombination in CNT/Molecule Composites: Atomistic Quantum Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6649-6656. [PMID: 33896175 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are appealing candidates for solar and optoelectronic applications. Traditionally used as electron sinks, CNTs can also perform as electron donors, as exemplified by coupling with perylenediimide (PDI). To achieve high efficiencies, electron transfer (ET) should be fast, while subsequent charge recombination should be slow. Typically, defects are considered detrimental to material performance because they accelerate charge and energy losses. We demonstrate that, surprisingly, common CNT defects improve rather than deteriorate the performance. CNTs and other low dimensional materials accommodate moderate defects without creating deep traps. At the same time, charge redistribution caused by CNT defects creates an additional electrostatic potential that increases the CNT work function and lowers CNT energy levels relative to those of the acceptor species. Hence, the energy gap for the ET is decreased, while the gap for the charge recombination is increased. The effect is particularly important because charge acceptors tend to bind near defects due to enhanced chemical interactions. The time-domain simulation of the excited-state dynamics provides an atomistic picture of the observed phenomenon and characterizes in detail the electronic states, vibrational motions, inelastic and elastic electron-phonon interactions, and time scales of the charge separation and recombination processes. The findings should apply generally to low-dimensional materials, because they dissipate defect strain better than bulk semiconductors. Our calculations reveal that CNT performance is robust to common defects and that moderate defects are essential rather than detrimental for CNT application in energy, electronics, and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrata Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Moumita Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Md Habib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Guoqing Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.,Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute (CSAR), Shenzhen 518110, China.,Beijing Computational Science Research Center (CSRC), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Sougata Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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30
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Temen S, Akimov AV. A Simple Solution to Trivial Crossings: A Stochastic State Tracking Approach. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:850-860. [PMID: 33427475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a new state tracking algorithm based on a stochastic state reassignment that reflects the quantum mechanical interpretation of the state time-overlaps. We assess the new method with a range of model Hamiltonians and demonstrate that it yields the results generally consistent with the deterministic min-cost algorithm. However, the stochastic state tracking algorithm reduces magnitudes of the state population fluctuations as the quantum system evolves toward its equilibrium. The new algorithm facilitates the thermalization of quantum state populations and suppresses the population revivals and oscillations near the equilibrium in many-state systems. The new stochastic algorithm has a favorable computational scaling, is easy to implement due to its conceptual transparency, and treats various types of state identity changes (trivial or avoided crossings and any intermediate cases) on equal footing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Story Temen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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31
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Smith B, Shakiba M, Akimov AV. Nonadiabatic Dynamics in Si and CdSe Nanoclusters: Many-Body vs Single-Particle Treatment of Excited States. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:678-693. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260 United States
| | - Mohammad Shakiba
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76169-14111, Iran
| | - Alexey V. Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260 United States
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32
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Yamijala SSRKC, Huo P. Direct Nonadiabatic Simulations of the Photoinduced Charge Transfer Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:628-635. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharma S. R. K. C. Yamijala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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33
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Collini E, Gattuso H, Levine RD, Remacle F. Ultrafast fs coherent excitonic dynamics in CdSe quantum dots assemblies addressed and probed by 2D electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:014301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0031420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Hugo Gattuso
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, RU MOLSYS, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 11, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - R. D. Levine
- The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - F. Remacle
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, RU MOLSYS, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 11, B4000 Liège, Belgium
- The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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34
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Uratani H, Morioka T, Yoshikawa T, Nakai H. Fast Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics via Spin-Flip Time-Dependent Density-Functional Tight-Binding Approach: Application to Nonradiative Relaxation of Tetraphenylethylene with Locked Aromatic Rings. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7299-7313. [PMID: 33197192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic dynamics around conical intersections between ground and excited states are crucial to understand excited-state phenomena in complex chemical systems. With this background in mind, we present an approach combining fewest-switches trajectory surface hopping and spin-flip (SF) time-dependent (TD) density-functional tight binding (DFTB), which is a simplified version of SF-TD density functional theory (DFT) with semiempirical parametrizations, for computationally efficient nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. The estimated computational time of the SF-TD-DFTB approach is several orders of magnitude lower than that of SF-TD-DFT. In addition, the proposed method reproduces the time scales and quantum yields in photoisomerization reactions of azobenzene at a level comparable with conventional ab initio approaches, demonstrating reasonable accuracy. Finally, we report a practical application of the developed technique to explore the nonradiative relaxation processes of tetraphenylethylene and its derivative with torsionally locked aromatic rings and discuss the effect of locking the rings on the excited-state lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uratani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiki Morioka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
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35
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Qiao L, Fang WH, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Photoinduced Dynamics of Charge Carriers in Metal Halide Perovskites from an Atomistic Perspective. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7066-7082. [PMID: 32787332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have attracted intense attention over the past decade because of their low cost, abundant raw materials, and rapidly growing power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, nonradiative charge carrier losses still constitute a major factor limiting the PCE to well below the Shockley-Queisser limit. This Perspective summarizes recent atomistic quantum dynamics studies on the photoinduced excited-state processes in metal halide perovskites (MHPs), including both hybrid organic-inorganic and all-inorganic MHPs and three- and two-dimensional MHPs. The simulations, performed using a combination of time-domain ab initio density functional theory and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, allow emphasis on various intrinsic and extrinsic features, such as components, structure, dimensionality and interface engineering, control and exposure to various environmental factors, defects, surfaces, and their passivation. The detailed atomistic simulations advance our understanding of electron-vibrational dynamics in MHPs and provide valuable guidelines for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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36
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Mališ M, Luber S. Trajectory Surface Hopping Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics with Kohn–Sham ΔSCF for Condensed-Phase Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4071-4086. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Momir Mališ
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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37
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Uratani H, Nakai H. Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics with divide-and-conquer type large-scale excited-state calculations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:224109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0006831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uratani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
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38
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Sarkar R, Habib M, Kar M, Pramanik A, Pal S, Sarkar P. Structural rigidity accelerates quantum decoherence and extends carrier lifetime in porphyrin nanoballs: a time domain atomistic simulation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1502-1511. [PMID: 36132296 PMCID: PMC9419611 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonradiative electron-hole (e-h) recombination is the primary source of energy loss in photovoltaic cells and inevitably, it competes with the charge transfer process, leading to poor device performance. Therefore, much attention has to be paid for delaying such processes; increasing the excitonic lifetime may be a solution for this. Using the real-time, density functional tight-binding theory (DFTB) combined with nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations, we demonstrate the exciton relaxation phenomena of different metal-centered porphyrin nanoballs, which are supposed to be very important for the light-harvesting process. It has been revealed that the carrier recombination rate gradually decreases with the increase in the molecular stiffness by introducing metal-coordinating templating agents into the nanoball. Our simulation demonstrates that the lower atomic fluctuations lead to poorer electron-phonon nonadiabatic coupling in association with weak phonon modes and these as a whole are responsible for shorter quantum coherence and hence delayed recombination events. Our analysis is in good agreement with the recent experimental observation. By replacing the Zn metal center with a heavier Cd atom, a similar trend is observed; however, the rate slows down abruptly. The present simulation study provides the fundamental mechanism in detail behind the undesired energy loss during exciton recombination and suggests a rational design of impressive nanosystems for future device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrata Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga Malda - 732103 India
| | - Md Habib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga Malda - 732103 India
| | - Moumita Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University Santiniketan - 731235 India
| | - Anup Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University Santiniketan - 731235 India
| | - Sougata Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga Malda - 732103 India
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University Santiniketan - 731235 India
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39
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Panosetti C, Engelmann A, Nemec L, Reuter K, Margraf JT. Learning to Use the Force: Fitting Repulsive Potentials in Density-Functional Tight-Binding with Gaussian Process Regression. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2181-2191. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Panosetti
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Artur Engelmann
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Lydia Nemec
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes T. Margraf
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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40
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Posenitskiy E, Rapacioli M, Lemoine D, Spiegelman F. Theoretical investigation of the electronic relaxation in highly excited chrysene and tetracene: The effect of armchair vs zigzag edge. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:074306. [PMID: 32087654 DOI: 10.1063/1.5135369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics of neutral chrysene and tetracene molecules is investigated using Tully's fewest switches surface hopping algorithm coupled to the time-dependent density functional based tight-binding (TD-DFTB) method for electronic structure calculations. We first assess the performance of two DFTB parameter sets based on the computed TD-DFTB absorption spectra. The main focus is given to the analysis of the electronic relaxation from the brightest excited state following absorption of a UV photon. We determine the dynamical relaxation times and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Our results show that the electronic population of the brightest excited singlet state in armchair-edge chrysene decays an order-of-magnitude faster than the one in zigzag-edge tetracene. This is correlated with a qualitatively similar difference of energy gaps between the brightest state and the state lying just below in energy, which is also consistent with our previous study on polyacenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Posenitskiy
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats et Réactivité (LCAR), IRSAMC UMR5589, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), IRSAMC UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Lemoine
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats et Réactivité (LCAR), IRSAMC UMR5589, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), IRSAMC UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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41
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Smith B, Akimov AV. Hot Electron Cooling in Silicon Nanoclusters via Landau-Zener Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics: Size Dependence and Role of Surface Termination. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1456-1465. [PMID: 31958367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We develop a new express methodology for modeling excited-state dynamics occurring in dense manifolds of electronic states in atomistic systems. The approach leverages a modified Landau-Zener formula, the neglect of a back-reaction approximation, and the highly efficient density functional tight-binding method. We study the hot electron dynamics in a series of H- and F-terminated silicon nanocrystals (NCs) containing up to several hundred atoms. We explain the slower electron cooling dynamics in F-terminated NCs by the larger energy gaps between the adjacent electronic states in these systems as well as their slower fluctuations. We conclude that both the mass and chemical identity of the surface termination groups equally influence the electron dynamics, on average. However, the mass effect becomes dominant for higher-energy excitations. We find that the electron decay dynamics in F-terminated NCs has a greater sensitivity to the mass of the surface ligands than do the H-terminated NCs and explain this observation by the details of the electron-phonon coupling in the systems. We find that in the H-terminated NCs, electronic transitions in the cooling process occur predominantly between the surface states, whereas in F-terminated Si NCs, both surface and NC core states are coupled to the nuclear vibrations. We find that electron energy relaxation is accelerated in larger NCs and attribute this effect to the higher densities of states and smaller energy gaps in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Smith
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
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42
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Spiegelman F, Tarrat N, Cuny J, Dontot L, Posenitskiy E, Martí C, Simon A, Rapacioli M. Density-functional tight-binding: basic concepts and applications to molecules and clusters. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2020; 5:1710252. [PMID: 33154977 PMCID: PMC7116320 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2019.1710252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of this article is to present an overview of the Density Functional based Tight Binding (DFTB) method and its applications. The paper introduces the basics of DFTB and its standard formulation up to second order. It also addresses methodological developments such as third order expansion, inclusion of non-covalent interactions, schemes to solve the self-interaction error, implementation of long-range short-range separation, treatment of excited states via the time-dependent DFTB scheme, inclusion of DFTB in hybrid high-level/low level schemes (DFT/DFTB or DFTB/MM), fragment decomposition of large systems, large scale potential energy landscape exploration with molecular dynamics in ground or excited states, non-adiabatic dynamics. A number of applications are reviewed, focusing on -(i)- the variety of systems that have been studied such as small molecules, large molecules and biomolecules, bare orfunctionalized clusters, supported or embedded systems, and -(ii)- properties and processes, such as vibrational spectroscopy, collisions, fragmentation, thermodynamics or non-adiabatic dynamics. Finally outlines and perspectives are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS)and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Tarrat
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, UPR8011, Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Cuny
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS)and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Leo Dontot
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS)and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Evgeny Posenitskiy
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats et Réactivité LCAR/IRSAMC, UMR5589, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carles Martí
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS)and CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR5182, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon and CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Aude Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS)and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS)and CNRS, Toulouse, France
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Coherent Exciton Dynamics in Ensembles of Size-Dispersed CdSe Quantum Dot Dimers Probed via Ultrafast Spectroscopy: A Quantum Computational Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10041328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interdot coherent excitonic dynamics in nanometric colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QD) dimers lead to interdot charge migration and energy transfer. We show by electronic quantum dynamical simulations that the interdot coherent response to ultrashort fs laser pulses can be characterized by pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy in spite of the inevitable inherent size dispersion of colloidal QDs. The latter, leading to a broadening of the excitonic bands, induce accidental resonances that actually increase the efficiency of the interdot coupling. The optical electronic response is computed by solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation including the interaction with the oscillating electric field of the pulses for an ensemble of dimers that differ by their size. The excitonic Hamiltonian of each dimer is parameterized by the QD size and interdot distance, using an effective mass approximation. Local and charge transfer excitons are included in the dimer basis set. By tailoring the QD size, the excitonic bands can be tuned to overlap and thus favor interdot coupling. Computed pump-probe transient absorption maps averaged over the ensemble show that the coherence of excitons in QD dimers that lead to interdot charge migration can survive size disorder and could be observed in fs pump-probe, four-wave mixing, or covariance spectroscopy.
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Zhang Z, Qiao L, Mora-Perez C, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Pb dimerization greatly accelerates charge losses in MAPbI3: Time-domain ab initio analysis. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:064707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5131342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Qiao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Carlos Mora-Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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45
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Smith B, Akimov AV. Modeling nonadiabatic dynamics in condensed matter materials: some recent advances and applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:073001. [PMID: 31661681 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent developments in the field of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD), with particular attention given to condensed-matter systems. NA-MD simulations for small molecular systems can be performed using high-level electronic structure (ES) calculations, methods accounting for the quantization of nuclear motion, and using fewer approximations in the dynamical methodology itself. Modeling condensed-matter systems imposes many limitations on various aspects of NA-MD computations, requiring approximations at various levels of theory-from the ES, to the ways in which the coupling of electrons and nuclei are accounted for. Nonetheless, the approximate treatment of NA-MD in condensed-phase materials has gained a spin lately in many applied studies. A number of advancements of the methodology and computational tools have been undertaken, including general-purpose methods, as well as those tailored to nanoscale and condensed matter systems. This review summarizes such methodological and software developments, puts them into the broader context of existing approaches, and highlights some of the challenges that remain to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States of America
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46
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Nelson TR, White AJ, Bjorgaard JA, Sifain AE, Zhang Y, Nebgen B, Fernandez-Alberti S, Mozyrsky D, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S. Non-adiabatic Excited-State Molecular Dynamics: Theory and Applications for Modeling Photophysics in Extended Molecular Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2215-2287. [PMID: 32040312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Optically active molecular materials, such as organic conjugated polymers and biological systems, are characterized by strong coupling between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. Typically, simulations must go beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation to account for non-adiabatic coupling between excited states. Indeed, non-adiabatic dynamics is commonly associated with exciton dynamics and photophysics involving charge and energy transfer, as well as exciton dissociation and charge recombination. Understanding the photoinduced dynamics in such materials is vital to providing an accurate description of exciton formation, evolution, and decay. This interdisciplinary field has matured significantly over the past decades. Formulation of new theoretical frameworks, development of more efficient and accurate computational algorithms, and evolution of high-performance computer hardware has extended these simulations to very large molecular systems with hundreds of atoms, including numerous studies of organic semiconductors and biomolecules. In this Review, we will describe recent theoretical advances including treatment of electronic decoherence in surface-hopping methods, the role of solvent effects, trivial unavoided crossings, analysis of data based on transition densities, and efficient computational implementations of these numerical methods. We also emphasize newly developed semiclassical approaches, based on the Gaussian approximation, which retain phase and width information to account for significant decoherence and interference effects while maintaining the high efficiency of surface-hopping approaches. The above developments have been employed to successfully describe photophysics in a variety of molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammie R Nelson
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Alexander J White
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Josiah A Bjorgaard
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Andrew E Sifain
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States.,U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21005 , United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Benjamin Nebgen
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | | | - Dmitry Mozyrsky
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
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47
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Margraf JT, Hennemann M, Clark T. EMPIRE: a highly parallel semiempirical molecular orbital program: 3: Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. J Mol Model 2020; 26:43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-4293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDirect NDDO-based Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (MD) have been implemented in the semiempirical molecular orbital program EMPIRE. Fully quantum mechanical MD simulations on unprecedented time and length scales are possible, since the calculation of self-consistent wavefunctions and gradients is performed in a massively parallel manner. MD simulations can be performed in the NVE and NVT ensembles, using either deterministic (Berendsen) or stochastic (Langevin) thermostats. Furthermore, dynamics for condensed-phase systems can be performed under periodic boundary conditions. We show three exemplary applications: the dynamics of molecular reorganization upon ionization, long timescale dynamics of an endohedral fullerene, and calculation of the vibrational spectrum of a nanoparticle consisting of more than eight hundred atoms.
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Yang Y, Fang WH, Benderskii A, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Strain Controls Charge Carrier Lifetimes in Monolayer WSe 2: Ab Initio Time Domain Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7732-7739. [PMID: 31755714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are among the most appealing candidates for electronic and optoelectronic devices. During synthesis, TMDs actively interact with substrates, which induce notable strain and influence significantly charge carriers in TMDs. By performing time-domain ab initio simulations on monolayer WSe2, we demonstrate that charge carrier lifetimes vary by a factor of 3 within a typical 1% strain range, the bandgap changes by 0.2 eV, and electron-phonon interactions vary by 60%. Fortuitously, the most common tensile strain extends the lifetimes. The changes arise because of modifications in interatomic interactions. Further, compared to the optimized structure, at ambient temperature the bandgap drops by 0.1 eV and fluctuates by 0.1 eV. WSe2 obeys linear response within 1% strain; however, further strain leads to nonlinear qualitative changes in WSe2 electronic properties. The conduction band is affected more strongly than the valence band. Charges couple to phonons within a 100-400 cm-1 frequency range, with the strongest coupling to in-plane and out-of-plane modes at 250 cm-1. The reported findings agree with the available experiments and should be generic to other 2D materials. The strain effects need to be considered during TMD synthesis and provide means to control and tune TMD properties for 2D device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Yang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P.R. China
| | - Alex Benderskii
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P.R. China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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Carof A, Giannini S, Blumberger J. How to calculate charge mobility in molecular materials from surface hopping non-adiabatic molecular dynamics - beyond the hopping/band paradigm. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26368-26386. [PMID: 31793569 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04770k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport in high mobility organic semiconductors is in an intermediate regime between small polaron hopping and band transport limits. We have recently shown that surface hopping non-adiabatic molecular dynamics is a powerful method for prediction of charge transport mechanisms in organic materials and for near-quantitative prediction of charge mobilities at room temperature where the effects of nuclear zero-point motion and tunneling are still relatively small [S. Giannini et al., Nat. Commun., 2019, 10, 3843]. Here we assess and critically discuss the extensions to Tully's original method that have led to this success: (i) correction for missing electronic decoherence, (ii) detection of trivial crossings and (iii) removal of decoherence correction-induced spurious charge transfer. If any one of these corrections is not included, the charge mobility diverges with system size, each for different physical reasons. Yet if they are included, convergence with system size, detailed balance and good internal consistency are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Carof
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Samuele Giannini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. and Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 2 a, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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50
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Zhou G, Cen C, Wang S, Deng M, Prezhdo OV. Electron-Phonon Scattering Is Much Weaker in Carbon Nanotubes than in Graphene Nanoribbons. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7179-7187. [PMID: 31644293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are lower-dimensional derivatives of graphene. Similar to graphene, they exhibit high charge mobilities; however, in contrast to graphene, they are semiconducting and thus are suitable for electronics, optics, solar energy devices, and other applications. Charge carrier mobilities, energies, and lifetimes are governed by scattering with phonons, and we demonstrate, using ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, that charge-phonon scattering is much stronger in GNRs. Focusing on a GNR and a CNT of similar size and electronic properties, we show that the difference arises because of the significantly higher stiffness of the CNT. The GNR undergoes large-scale undulating motions at ambient conditions. Such thermal geometry distortions localize wave functions, accelerate both elastic and inelastic charge-phonon scattering, and increase the rates of energy and carrier losses. Even though, formally, both CNTs and GNRs are quantum confined derivatives of graphene, charge-phonon scattering differs significantly between them. Showing good agreement with time-resolved photoconductivity and photoluminescence measurements, the study demonstrates that GNRs are quite similar to molecules, such as conjugated polymers, while CNTs exhibit extended features attributed to bulk materials. The state-of-the-art simulations alter the traditional view of graphene nanostructures and demonstrate that the performance can be tuned not only by size and composition but also by stiffness and response to thermal excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-material Science , Guizhou Education University , Guiyang 550018 , China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Chao Cen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-material Science , Guizhou Education University , Guiyang 550018 , China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-material Science , Guizhou Education University , Guiyang 550018 , China
| | - Mingsen Deng
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-material Science , Guizhou Education University , Guiyang 550018 , China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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