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Schaefer S, Corrigan N, Brunke S, Lenardon MD, Boyer C. Combatting Fungal Infections: Advances in Antifungal Polymeric Nanomaterials. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5670-5701. [PMID: 39177507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens cause over 6.5 million life-threatening systemic infections annually, with mortality rates ranging from 20 to 95%, even with medical intervention. The World Health Organization has recently emphasized the urgent need for new antifungal drugs. However, the range of effective antifungal agents remains limited and resistance is increasing. This Review explores the current landscape of fungal infections and antifungal drugs, focusing on synthetic polymeric nanomaterials like nanoparticles that enhance the physicochemical properties of existing drugs. Additionally, we examine intrinsically antifungal polymers that mimic naturally occurring peptides. Advances in polymer characterization and synthesis now allow precise design and screening for antifungal activity, biocompatibility, and drug interactions. These antifungal polymers represent a promising new class of drugs for combating fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schaefer
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Megan D Lenardon
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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2
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Liang Y, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Xu C, Chen J, Zhang X, Huang B, Gan Z, Dong X, Huang S, Li C, Jia S, Zhang P, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Yuan B, Bao Y, Xiao S, Xiong M. Helicity-directed recognition of bacterial phospholipid via radially amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn9435. [PMID: 39213359 PMCID: PMC11364095 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn9435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The fundamental differences in phospholipids between bacterial and mammalian cell membranes present remarkable opportunities for antimicrobial design. However, it is challenging to distinguish bacterial anionic phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) from mammalian anionic phosphatidylserine (PS) with the same net charge. Here, we report a class of radially amphiphilic α helix antimicrobial peptides (RAPs) that can selectively discriminate PG from PS, relying on the helix structure. The representative RAP, L10-MMBen, can direct the rearrangement of PG vesicles into a lamellar structure with its helix axis parallel to the PG membrane surface. The helical structure imparts both the thermodynamic and kinetic advantages of L10-MMBen/PG assembly, and the hiding of hydrophobic regions in RAPs is crucial for PG recognition. L10-MMBen exhibits high selectivity against bacteria depending on PG recognition, showing low in vivo toxicity and significant treatment efficacy in mice infection models. Our study introduces a helicity-direct bacterial phospholipid recognition paradigm for designing highly selective antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbin Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Jingxian Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xinshuang Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bingchuan Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhui Gan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuehui Dong
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Songyin Huang
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
| | - Chengrun Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Jia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
| | - Yueling Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Houbing Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
| | - Yucai Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Yan Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Shiyan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Menghua Xiong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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3
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Hartl N, Gabold B, Uhl P, Kromer A, Xiao X, Fricker G, Mier W, Liu R, Merkel OM. ApoE-functionalization of nanoparticles for targeted brain delivery-a feasible method for polyplexes? Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1660-1677. [PMID: 38087181 PMCID: PMC11052808 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a major obstacle in the treatment of all types of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) offers in principle a promising therapeutic approach by downregulating disease-related genes via RNA interference. However, the BBB is a formidable barrier for macromolecules such as nucleic acids. In an effort to develop a brain-targeted strategy for siRNA delivery systems formed by electrostatic interactions with cationic polymers (polyplexes (PXs)), we investigated the suitability of the well-known surfactant-based approach for Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs). The aim of this present work was to investigate if ApoE coating of siRNA PXs formed with cationic branched 25-kDa poly(ethyleneimine) (b-PEI) and nylon-3 polymers without or after precoating with polysorbate 80 (PS 80) would promote successful delivery across the BBB. We utilized highly hydrophobic NM0.2/CP0.8 nylon-3 polymers to evaluate the effects of hydrophobic cyclopentyl (CP) subunits on ApoE binding efficacy and observed successful ApoE binding with and without PS 80 precoating to the nylon-3 but not the PEI polyplexes. Accordingly, ApoE-coated nylon-3 polyplexes showed significantly increased uptake and gene silencing in U87 glioma cells but no benefit in vivo. In conclusion, further optimization of ApoE-functionalized polyplexes and more sophisticated in vitro models are required to achieve more successful in vitro-in vivo translation in future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Hartl
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Gabold
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Uhl
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Kromer
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ximian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gert Fricker
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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4
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Schaefer S, Melodia D, Corrigan N, Lenardon MD, Boyer C. Effect of Star Topology Versus Linear Polymers on Antifungal Activity and Mammalian Cell Toxicity. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300452. [PMID: 38009827 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The global increase in invasive fungal infections and the emergence of drug-resistant strains demand the urgent development of novel antifungal drugs. In this context, synthetic polymers with diverse compositions, mimicking natural antimicrobial peptides, have shown promising potential for combating fungal infections. This study investigates how altering polymer end-groups and topology from linear to branched star-like structures affects their efficacy against Candida spp., including clinical isolates. Additionally, the polymers' biocompatibility is accessed with murine embryonic fibroblasts and red blood cells in vitro. Notably, a low-molecular weight star polymer outperforms both its linear polymeric counterparts and amphotericin B (AmpB) in terms of an improved therapeutic index and reduced haemolytic activity, despite a higher minimum inhibitory concentration against Candida albicans (C. albicans) SC5314 (16-32 µg mL-1 vs 1 µg mL-1 for AmpB). These findings demonstrate the potential of synthetic polymers with diverse topologies as promising candidates for antifungal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schaefer
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Daniele Melodia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Megan Denise Lenardon
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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5
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Shao N, Yuan L, Liu L, Cong Z, Wang J, Wu Y, Liu R. Reversing Anticancer Drug Resistance by Synergistic Combination of Chemotherapeutics and Membranolytic Antitumor β-Peptide Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38602146 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is the main obstacle to cancer chemotherapy. Overexpression of drug efflux pumps causes excessive drug efflux from cancer cells, ultimately leading to drug resistance. Hereby, we raise an effective strategy to overcome multidrug resistance using a synergistic combination of membranolytic antitumor β-peptide polymer and chemotherapy drugs. This membrane-active β-peptide polymer promotes the transmembrane transport of chemotherapeutic drugs by increasing membrane permeability and enhances the activity of chemotherapy drugs against multidrug-resistant cancer cells. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the synergistic combination of β-peptide polymer and doxorubicin (DOX) is substantially more effective than DOX alone against drug-resistant cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the synergistic combination maintains a potent anticancer activity after continuous use. Collectively, this combination therapy using membrane lytic β-peptide polymer appears to be an effective strategy to reverse anticancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Longqiang Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihao Cong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiangzhou Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yueming Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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6
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Rao Y, Zou X, Shen X, Zhang H, Gao S, Guo J, Chen H. Regulation of Hydrophobic Structures of Antibacterial Guanidinium-Based Amphiphilic Polymers for Subcutaneous Implant Applications. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:89-103. [PMID: 38056946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide mimics have been used to kill bacteria and construct antibacterial materials. Precise design and construction of chemical structure are essential for easy access to highly effective antimicrobial peptide mimics. Herein, cationic guanidinium-based polymers (PGXs) with varying hydrophobic structures were synthesized to explore the structure and antibacterial activity relationship of antimicrobial peptide mimics and to construct antibacterial implants. The effect of the hydrophobic chemical structure, including carbon chain length and configuration, on the antimicrobial activities against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. The antibacterial activities of PGXs improved with increasing alkyl chain length, and PGXs with a straight-chain hydrophobic structure exhibited better bactericidal activities than those with cyclic alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon. Furthermore, PGXs grafted with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS-PGXs) showed a similar bactericidal change tendency of PGXs in solution. Additionally, the PDMS-PGXs showed potent antibiofilm performance in vitro, which can inhibit bacterial infection in vivo as subcutaneous implants. This study may propose a basis for the precise design and construction of antibacterial materials and provide a promising way of designing biomedical devices and implants with bacterial infection-combating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiuyang Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Xiran Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hengyuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuna Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiangna Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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7
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Mehta D, Saini V, Bajaj A. Recent developments in membrane targeting antifungal agents to mitigate antifungal resistance. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1603-1628. [PMID: 37731690 PMCID: PMC10507810 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00151b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections cause severe and life-threatening complications especially in immunocompromised individuals. Antifungals targeting cellular machinery and cell membranes including azoles are used in clinical practice to manage topical to systemic fungal infections. However, continuous exposure to clinically used antifungal agents in managing the fungal infections results in the development of multi-drug resistance via adapting different kinds of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. The unique chemical composition of fungal membranes presents attractive targets for antifungal drug discovery as it is difficult for fungal cells to modify the membrane targets for emergence of drug resistance. Here, we discussed available antifungal drugs with their detailed mechanism of action and described different antifungal resistance mechanisms. We further emphasized structure-activity relationship studies of membrane-targeting antifungal agents, and classified membrane-targeting antifungal agents on the basis of their core scaffold with detailed pharmacological properties. This review aims to pique the interest of potential researchers who could explore this interesting and intricate fungal realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Mehta
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology Faridabad-121001 Haryana India
| | - Varsha Saini
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology Faridabad-121001 Haryana India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology Faridabad-121001 Haryana India
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8
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Hartl N, Jürgens DC, Carneiro S, König AC, Xiao X, Liu R, Hauck SM, Merkel OM. Protein corona investigations of polyplexes with varying hydrophobicity - From method development to in vitro studies. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123257. [PMID: 37482228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In the field of non-viral drug delivery, polyplexes (PXs) represent an advanced investigated and highly promising tool for the delivery of nucleic acids. Upon encountering physiological fluids, they adsorb biological molecules to form a protein corona (PC), that influence PXs biodistribution, transfection efficiencies and targeting abilities. In an effort to understand protein - PX interactions and the effect of PX material on corona composition, we utilized cationic branched 10 kDa polyethyleneimine (b-PEI) and a hydrophobically modified nylon-3 polymer (NM0.2/CP0.8) within this study to develop appropriate methods for PC investigations. A centrifugation procedure for isolating hard corona - PX complexes (PCPXs) from soft corona proteins after incubating the PXs in fetal bovine serum (FBS) for PC formation was successfully optimized and the identification of proteins by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method clearly demonstrated that the PC composition is affected by the underlying PXs material. With regard to especially interesting functional proteins, which might be able to induce active targeting effects, several candidates could be detected on b-PEI and NM0.2/CP0.8 PXs. These results are of high interest to better understand how the design of PXs impacts the PC composition and subsequently PCPXs-cell interactions to enable precise adjustment of PXs for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Hartl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - David C Jürgens
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Carneiro
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine König
- Metbolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Heidemannsstr. 1, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Ximian Xiao
- East China University of Science and Technology, 30 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- East China University of Science and Technology, 30 Meilong Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metbolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Heidemannsstr. 1, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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9
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Pachla J, Kopiasz RJ, Marek G, Tomaszewski W, Głogowska A, Drężek K, Kowalczyk S, Podgórski R, Butruk-Raszeja B, Ciach T, Mierzejewska J, Plichta A, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Jańczewski D. Polytrimethylenimines: Highly Potent Antibacterial Agents with Activity and Toxicity Modulated by the Polymer Molecular Weight. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:2237-2249. [PMID: 37093622 PMCID: PMC10170506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers have been extensively investigated as a potential replacement for traditional antibiotics. Here, we examined the effect of molecular weight (MW) on the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and hemolytic activity of linear polytrimethylenimine (L-PTMI). The results indicate that the biological activity of the polymer sharply increases as MW increases. Thanks to a different position of the antibacterial activity and toxicity thresholds, tuning the MW of PTMI allows one to achieve a therapeutic window between antimicrobial activity and toxicity concentrations. L-PTMI presents significantly higher antimicrobial activity against model microorganisms than linear polyethylenimine (L-PEI) when polymers with a similar number of repeating units are compared. For the derivatives of L-PTMI and L-PEI, obtained through N-monomethylation and partial N,N-dimethylation of linear polyamines, the antimicrobial activity and toxicity were both reduced; however, resulting selectivity indices were higher. Selected materials were tested against clinical isolates of pathogens from the ESKAPE group and Mycobacteria, revealing good antibacterial properties of L-PTMI against antibiotic-resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but limited antibacterial properties against Mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Pachla
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał J Kopiasz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Marek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Tomaszewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Głogowska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Drężek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Podgórski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Butruk-Raszeja
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Mierzejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Plichta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Jańczewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Yeung CWS, Periayah MH, Teo JYQ, Goh ETL, Chee PL, Loh WW, Loh XJ, Lakshminarayanan R, Lim JYC. Transforming Polyethylene into Water-Soluble Antifungal Polymers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Celine W. S. Yeung
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Mercy Halleluyah Periayah
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Jerald Y. Q. Teo
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Eunice Tze Leng Goh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Pei Lin Chee
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Wei Wei Loh
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Jason Y. C. Lim
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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11
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Cao W, Zhou X, Tu C, Wang Z, Liu X, Kang Y, Wang J, Deng L, Zhou T, Gao C. A broad-spectrum antibacterial and tough hydrogel dressing accelerates healing of infected wound in vivo. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213244. [PMID: 36549150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Infection can disturb the wound healing process and lead to poor skin regeneration, chronic wound, septicemia and even death. To combat the multi-drug resistance bacteria or fungi, it is urgent and necessary to develop advanced antimicrobial wound dressings. In this study, a composite hydrogel dressing composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), agarose, glycerol and antibacterial hyperbranched polylysine (HBPL) was prepared by a freeze-thawing method. The hydrogel showed robust mechanical properties, and the HBPL in the hydrogel displayed effective and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties to bacteria and fungi as well as biofilms. The composite hydrogel exhibited good biocompatibility with respect to the levels of cells, blood, tissue and main organs. In an animal experiment of an infected wound model, the hydrogel significantly eliminated the infection and accelerated the wound regeneration with better tissue morphology and angiogenesis. The hydrogel also successfully achieved scalable production of over 600 g with a yield over 90 %, suggesting the great potential for the application in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangbei Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chenxi Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yongyuan Kang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jie Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liwen Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Center for Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312099, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030000, China.
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12
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Zhang H, Chen Q, Xie J, Cong Z, Cao C, Zhang W, Zhang D, Chen S, Gu J, Deng S, Qiao Z, Zhang X, Li M, Lu Z, Liu R. Switching from membrane disrupting to membrane crossing, an effective strategy in designing antibacterial polypeptide. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabn0771. [PMID: 36696494 PMCID: PMC9876554 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacterial infections have caused serious threats to human health and call for effective antibacterial agents that have low propensity to induce antimicrobial resistance. Host defense peptide-mimicking peptides are actively explored, among which poly-β-l-lysine displays potent antibacterial activity but high cytotoxicity due to the helical structure and strong membrane disruption effect. Here, we report an effective strategy to optimize antimicrobial peptides by switching membrane disrupting to membrane penetrating and intracellular targeting by breaking the helical structure using racemic residues. Introducing β-homo-glycine into poly-β-lysine effectively reduces the toxicity of resulting poly-β-peptides and affords the optimal poly-β-peptide, βLys50HG50, which shows potent antibacterial activity against clinically isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MRSA persister cells, excellent biosafety, no antimicrobial resistance, and strong therapeutic potential in both local and systemic MRSA infections. The optimal poly-β-peptide demonstrates strong therapeutic potential and implies the success of our approach as a generalizable strategy in designing promising antibacterial polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiayang Xie
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihao Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chuntao Cao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiawei Gu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhongqian Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Maoquan Li
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ziyi Lu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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13
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Shi S, Fan H, Hoernke M. Leaky membrane fusion: an ambivalent effect induced by antimicrobial polycations. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5109-5122. [PMID: 36504745 PMCID: PMC9680940 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00464j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Both antimicrobial peptides and their synthetic mimics are potential alternatives to classical antibiotics. They can induce several membrane perturbations including permeabilization. Especially in model studies, aggregation of vesicles by such polycations is often reported. Here, we show that unintended vesicle aggregation or indeed fusion can cause apparent leakage in model studies that is not possible in most microbes, thus potentially leading to misinterpretations. The interactions of a highly charged and highly selective membrane-active polycation with negatively charged phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylglycerol (PE/PG) vesicles are studied by a combination of biophysical methods. At low polycation concentrations, apparent vesicle aggregation was found to involve exchange of lipids. Upon neutralization of the negatively charged vesicles by the polycation, full fusion and leakage occurred and leaky fusion is suspected. To elucidate the interplay of leakage and fusion, we prevented membrane contacts by decorating the vesicles with PEG-chains. This inhibited fusion and also leakage activity. Leaky fusion is further corroborated by increased leakage with increasing likeliness of vesicle-vesicle contacts. Because of its similar appearance to other leakage mechanisms, leaky fusion is difficult to identify and might be overlooked and more common amongst polycationic membrane-active compounds. Regarding biological activity, leaky fusion needs to be carefully distinguished from other membrane permeabilization mechanisms, as it may be less relevant to bacteria, but potentially relevant for fungi. Furthermore, leaky fusion is an interesting effect that could help in endosomal escape for drug delivery. A comprehensive step-by-step protocol for membrane permeabilization/vesicle leakage using calcein fluorescence lifetime is provided in the ESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shi
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
| | - Helen Fan
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| | - Maria Hoernke
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
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14
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Sustainable Polyamides Enabled by Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of 4-Hydroxyproline-derived Lactams. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Varghese M, Grinstaff MW. Beyond nylon 6: polyamides via ring opening polymerization of designer lactam monomers for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8258-8275. [PMID: 36047318 PMCID: PMC9856205 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00930c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ring opening polymerization (ROP) of lactams is a highly efficient and versatile method to synthesize polyamides. Within the last ten years, significant advances in polymerization methodology and monomer diversity are ushering in a new era of polyamide chemistry. We begin with a discussion of polymerization techniques including the most widely used anionic ring opening polymerization (AROP), and less prevalent cationic ROP and enzyme-catalyzed ROP. Next, we describe new monomers being explored for ROP with increased functionality and stereochemistry. We emphasize the relationships between composition, structure, and properties, and how chemists can control composition and structure to dictate a desired property or performance. Finally, we discuss biomedical applications of the synthesized polyamides, specifically as biomaterials and pharmaceuticals, with examples to include as antimicrobial agents, cell adhesion substrates, and drug delivery scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Varghese
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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16
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Zhou R, Wu Y, Chen K, Zhang D, Chen Q, Zhang D, She Y, Zhang W, Liu L, Zhu Y, Gao C, Liu R. A Polymeric Strategy Empowering Vascular Cell Selectivity and Potential Application Superior to Extracellular Matrix Peptides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200464. [PMID: 36047924 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endothelialization of vascular implants plays a vital role in maintaining the long-term vascular patency. In situ endothelialization and re-endothelialization is generally achieved by selectively promoting endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and, meanwhile, suppressing smooth muscle cell (SMC) adhesion. Currently, such EC versus SMC selectivity is achieved and extensively used in vascular-related biomaterials utilizing extracellular-matrix-derived EC-selective peptides, dominantly REDV and YIGSR. Nevertheless, the application of EC-selective peptides is limited due to their easy proteolysis, time-consuming synthesis, and expensiveness. To address these limitations, a polymeric strategy in designing and finding EC-selective biomaterials using amphiphilic β-peptide polymers by tuning serum protein adsorption is reported. The optimal β-peptide polymer displays EC versus SMC selectivity even superior to EC-selective REDV peptide regarding cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration of ECs versus SMCs. Study of the mechanism indicates that surface adsorption of bovine serum albumin, an abundant and anti-adhesive serum protein, plays a critical role in the ECs versus SMCs selectivity of β-peptide polymer. In addition, surface modification of the optimal β-peptide polymer effectively promotes the endothelialization of vascular implants and inhibits intimal hyperplasia. This study provides an alternative strategy in designing and finding EC-selective biomaterials, implying great potential in the vascular-related biomaterial study and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yueming Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Deteng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yunrui She
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Longqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yueqi Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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17
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Jiang W, Wu Y, Zhou M, Song G, Liu R. Advance and Designing Strategies in Polymeric Antifungal Agents Inspired by Membrane‐Active Peptides. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202226. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Yueming Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Gonghua Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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18
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Liu X, Yang Y, Han M, Guo J, Liu H, Liu Y, Xu J, Ji S, Chen X. Guanylated Hyperbranched Polylysines with High In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201091. [PMID: 35775877 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid growth of fungal infections and the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) fungal strains, new antifungals with novel mechanisms are a pressing need to tackle this emerging health problem. Herein it is reported for the first time that hyperbranched polylysine (HPL) shows antifungal activities against Candida, especially for drug-sensitive and MDR C. albicans strains, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The high antimicrobial activities are ascribed to the high charge density and compact size of the globular structure of HPL. The in vitro antifungal activities of HPL3 are further enhanced by the modification of amine groups to form guanylated polylysines (HPL3-Gxs). Similar to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), HPLs and HPL3-Gxs interact with and lyse the membranes of microbes, which mitigates the emergence of drug resistance. HPLs and HPL3-Gxs demonstrate excellent in vivo antimicrobial efficacies against both lethal C. albicans challenge in the invasive candidiasis model and lethal Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus challenge in the peritonitis model, and have potentials as broad-spectrum antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Yang
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Fengtai, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Shengxiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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19
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Zhen JB, Yi J, Ding HH, Yang KW. Self-Assembled Cationic Nanoparticles Combined with Curcumin against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29909-29922. [PMID: 36061679 PMCID: PMC9434756 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics exacerbates the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, threatening global public health, while most traditional antibiotics act on specific targets and sterilize through chemical modes. Therefore, it is a desperate need to design novel therapeutics or extraordinary strategies to overcome resistant bacteria. Herein, we report a positively charged nanocomposite PNs-Cur with a hydrodynamic diameter of 289.6 nm, which was fabricated by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and Z-Lys-N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs), and then natural curcumin was loaded onto the PCL core of PNs with a nanostructure through self-assembly, identified through UV-vis, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Especially, the self-assembly dynamics of PNs was simulated through molecular modeling to confirm the formation of a core-shell nanostructure. Biological assays revealed that PNs-Cur possessed broad-spectrum and efficient antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including drug-resistant clinical bacteria and fungus, with MIC values in the range of 8-32 μg/mL. Also, in vivo evaluation showed that PNs-Cur exhibited strong antibacterial activities in infected mice. Importantly, the nanocomposite did not indeed induce the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains even after 21 passages, especially showing low toxicity regardless of in vivo or in vitro. The study of the antibacterial mechanism indicated that PNs-Cur could indeed destruct membrane potential, change the membrane potential, and cause the leakage of the cytoplasm. Concurrently, the released curcumin further plays a bactericidal role, eventually leading to bacterial irreversible apoptosis. This unique bacterial mode that PNs-Cur possesses may be the reason why it is not easy to make the bacteria susceptible to easily produce drug resistance. Overall, the constructed PNs-Cur is a promising antibacterial material, which provides a novel strategy to develop efficient antibacterial materials and combat increasingly prevalent bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Bin Zhen
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Taiyuan Institute
of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China
| | - Jiajia Yi
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, North
University of China,Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Huan Huan Ding
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
of Ministry of Education, the Chemical Biology Innovation Laboratory,
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Wu Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
of Ministry of Education, the Chemical Biology Innovation Laboratory,
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
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20
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Kong Q, Li G, Zhang F, Yu T, Chen X, Jiang Q, Wang Y. N-Arylimidazoliums as Highly Selective Biomimetic Antimicrobial Agents. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11309-11321. [PMID: 35930690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become one of the greatest health threats in the world. In this study, a charge-dispersed dimerization strategy is described for the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mimics via a tunable cationic charge to improve the selectivity between prokaryotic microbes and eukaryotic cells. This strategy is demonstrated with a series of charge-dispersed AMP mimics based on N-arylimidazolium skeletons. These N-arylimidazolium AMP mimics show potent antibacterial activity against strains along with a low rate of drug resistance, good hemocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity. In addition to the elimination of planktonic bacteria, N-arylimidazolium AMP mimics can also inhibit biofilm formation and destroy the established biofilm. More importantly, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced lung-infected mice can be effectively treated by the intravenous administration of N-arylimidazolium AMP mimic, which enable the design of N-arylimidazolium AMP mimics to offer an alternative avenue to eradicate drug-resistant bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunshou Kong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Gaocan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fanjun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tao Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
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21
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Molecular Mapping of Antifungal Mechanisms Accessing Biomaterials and New Agents to Target Oral Candidiasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147520. [PMID: 35886869 PMCID: PMC9320712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis has a high rate of development, especially in immunocompromised patients. Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic therapies in hospitalized HIV and cancer patients are known to induce the poor management of adverse reactions, where local and systemic candidiasis become highly resistant to conventional antifungal therapy. The development of oral candidiasis is triggered by several mechanisms that determine oral epithelium imbalances, resulting in poor local defense and a delayed immune system response. As a result, pathogenic fungi colonies disseminate and form resistant biofilms, promoting serious challenges in initiating a proper therapeutic protocol. Hence, this study of the literature aimed to discuss possibilities and new trends through antifungal therapy for buccal drug administration. A large number of studies explored the antifungal activity of new agents or synergic components that may enhance the effect of classic drugs. It was of significant interest to find connections between smart biomaterials and their activity, to find molecular responses and mechanisms that can conquer the multidrug resistance of fungi strains, and to transpose them into a molecular map. Overall, attention is focused on the nanocolloids domain, nanoparticles, nanocomposite synthesis, and the design of polymeric platforms to satisfy sustained antifungal activity and high biocompatibility with the oral mucosa.
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22
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Rao Y, Wang J, Wang H, Wang H, Gu R, Shen J, Hao Q, Brash JL, Chen H. Optimizing the Bacteriostatic and Cytocompatibility Properties of Poly(hexamethylene guanidine) Hydrochloride (PHMG) via the Guanidine/Alkane Ratio. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2170-2183. [PMID: 35465654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of "superbugs" is not only problematic and potentially lethal for infected subjects but also poses serious challenges for the healthcare system. Although existing antibacterial agents have been effective in some cases, the side effects and biocompatibility generally present difficulties. The development of new antibacterial agents is therefore urgently required. In this work, we have adapted a strategy for the improvement of poly(hexamethylene guanidine) hydrochloride (PHMG), a common antibacterial agent. This involves copolymerization of separate monomer units in varying ratios to find the optimum ratio of the hydrocarbon to guanidine units for antibacterial activity. A series of these copolymers, designated as PGB, was synthesized. By varying the guanidine/hydrophobic ratio and the copolymer molecular weight, a structure-optimized PGB was identified that showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and excellent biocompatibility in solution. In an antibacterial assay, the copolymer with the optimum composition (hydrophobic unit content 25%) inhibited >99% Staphylococcus aureus and was compatible with mammalian cells. A polyurethane emulsion containing this PGB component formed transparent, flexible films (PGB-PU films) on a wide range of substrate surfaces, including soft polymers and metals. The PGB-PU films showed excellent bacteriostatic efficiency against nosocomial drug-resistant bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). It is concluded that our PGB polymers can be used as bacteriostatic agents generally and in particular for the design of antibacterial surfaces in medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinghong Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Rong Gu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qing Hao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - John L Brash
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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23
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Shao N, Yuan L, Ma P, Zhou M, Xiao X, Cong Z, Wu Y, Xiao G, Fei J, Liu R. Heterochiral β-Peptide Polymers Combating Multidrug-Resistant Cancers Effectively without Inducing Drug Resistance. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7283-7294. [PMID: 35420800 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is one of the major causes for the failure of cancer treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop anticancer agents that can combat multidrug-resistant cancers effectively and mitigate drug resistance. Here, we report a rational design of anticancer heterochiral β-peptide polymers as synthetic mimics of host defense peptides to combat multidrug-resistant cancers. The optimal polymer shows potent and broad-spectrum anticancer activities against multidrug-resistant cancer cells and is insusceptible to anticancer drug resistance owing to its membrane-damaging mechanism. The in vivo study indicates that the optimal polymer efficiently inhibits the growth and distant transfer of solid tumors and the metastasis and seeding of circulating tumor cells. Moreover, the polymer shows excellent biocompatibility during anticancer treatment on animals. In addition, the β-peptide polymers address those prominent shortcomings of anticancer peptides and have superior stability against proteolysis, easy synthesis in large scale, and low cost. Collectively, the structural diversity and superior anticancer performance of β-peptide polymers imply an effective strategy in designing and finding anticancer agents to combat multidrug-resistant cancers effectively while mitigating drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ximian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihao Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yueming Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guohui Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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24
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Filatova SM, Guseva MK, Bodrova TG, Parshina DV, Budanova UA, Sebyakin YL. Evolutionary Development and Structural Diversity of Natural Antimicrobial Peptides, Peptidometics, and Cationic Amphiphiles Based on Amino Acids. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221130338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Shi S, Markl AM, Lu Z, Liu R, Hoernke M. Interplay of Fusion, Leakage, and Electrostatic Lipid Clustering: Membrane Perturbations by a Hydrophobic Antimicrobial Polycation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2379-2391. [PMID: 35148117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane active compounds are able to induce various types of membrane perturbations. Natural or biomimetic candidates for antimicrobial treatment or drug delivery scenarios are mostly designed and tested for their ability to induce membrane permeabilization, also termed leakage. Furthermore, the interaction of these usually cationic amphiphiles with negatively charged vesicles often causes colloidal instability leading to vesicle aggregation or/and vesicle fusion. We show the interplay of these modes of membrane perturbation in mixed phosphatidyl glycerol (PG)/phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) by the statistical copolymer MM:CO comprising, both, charged and hydrophobic subunits. MM:CO is a representative of partially hydrophobic, highly active, but less selective antimicrobial polycations. Cryo-electron microscopy indicates vesicle fusion rather than vesicle aggregation upon the addition of MM:CO to negatively charged PG/PE (1:1) vesicles. In a combination of fluorescence-based leakage and fusion assays, there is support for membrane permeabilization and pronounced vesicle fusion activity as distinct effects. To this end, membrane fusion and aggregation were prevented by including lipids with polyethylene glycol attached to their head groups (PEG-lipids). The leakage activity of MM:CO is very similar in the absence and presence of PEG-lipids. Vesicle aggregation and fusion however are largely suppressed. This strongly suggests that MM:CO induces leakage by asymmetric packing stress because of hydrophobically driven interactions which could lead to leakage. As a further membrane perturbation effect, MM:CO causes lipid clustering in model vesicles. We address potential artifacts and misinterpretations of experiments characterizing leakage and fusion. Additional to the leakage activity, the pronounced fusogenic activity of the polymer and potentially of many other similar compounds likely has implications for antimicrobial activity and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shi
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Anja Madleine Markl
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Ziyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Maria Hoernke
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
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26
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Ntow-Boahene W, Cook D, Good L. Antifungal Polymeric Materials and Nanocomposites. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:780328. [PMID: 35004642 PMCID: PMC8740302 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.780328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising global populations due to medicinal advancements increases the patient population susceptible to superficial and severe fungal infections. Fungi often implicated in these diseases includes the dermatophytes (Microsporum spp., Epidermophtyon spp., Trichophyton spp.) as well as species of the Candida spp., Aspergillosis spp. and Cryptococcus spp. genera. In addition, increasing global populations leads to increasing agricultural demands. Thus, fungal infections of preharvested crops and stored food by plant pathogens such as Magnaporthe oryzae and Fusarium oxysporum can have detrimental socioeconomic effects due to food insecurity. Current antifungal strategies are based mainly on small molecule antifungal drugs. However, these drugs are limited by poor solubility and bioavailability. Furthermore, antifungal resistance against these drugs are on the rise. Thus, antimicrobial polymers offer an alternative antifungal strategy. Antifungal polymers are characterised by cationic and hydrophobic regions where the cationic regions have been shown to interact with microbial phospholipids and membranes. These polymers can be synthetic or natural and demonstrate distinct antifungal mechanisms ranging from fungal cell membrane permeabilisation, cell membrane depolarisation or cell entry. Although the relative importance of such mechanisms is difficult to decipher. Due to the chemical properties of these polymers, they can be combined with other antimicrobial compounds including existing antifungal drugs, charcoals, lipids and metal ions to elicit synergistic effects. In some cases, antifungal polymers and nanocomposites show better antifungal effects or reduced toxicity compared to the widely used small molecule antifungal drugs. This review provides an overview of antimicrobial polymers and nanocomposites with antifungal activity and the current understanding of their antifungal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Ntow-Boahene
- The Royal Veterinary College, Pathobiology and Population Sciences, London, England
| | - David Cook
- Blueberry Therapeutics Ltd., Macclesfield, England
| | - Liam Good
- The Royal Veterinary College, Pathobiology and Population Sciences, London, England
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27
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Chen K, Wu Y, Wu X, Zhou M, Zhou R, Wang J, Xiao X, Yuan Y, Liu R. Facile synthesis of polypeptoids bearing bulky sidechains via urea accelerated ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-substituted N-carboxyanhydrides. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01324f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The organocatalyst 1,3-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea (U–O) accelerates the ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-substituted N-carboxyanhydrides (NNCAs) for the rapid synthesis of polypeptoids bearing bulky sidechains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiangzhou Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ximian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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28
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Liang J, Wang J, Shen X, Lu B, Li G, Wang H, Wang H, Yuan L. A Novel Antibacterial Gold Nanoparticles Layer with Self-Cleaning Ability by the Production of Oxygen Bubbles. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4203-4215. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00258b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of medical devices not only constitutes a serious threat to the health of patients, but also promotes the evolution of bacterial drug-resistance. Here, a new strategy to fabricate...
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29
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Jung K, Corrigan N, Wong EHH, Boyer C. Bioactive Synthetic Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105063. [PMID: 34611948 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are omnipresent in society as textiles and packaging materials, in construction and medicine, among many other important applications. Alternatively, natural polymers play a crucial role in sustaining life and allowing organisms to adapt to their environments by performing key biological functions such as molecular recognition and transmission of genetic information. In general, the synthetic and natural polymer worlds are completely separated due to the inability for synthetic polymers to perform specific biological functions; in some cases, synthetic polymers cause uncontrolled and unwanted biological responses. However, owing to the advancement of synthetic polymerization techniques in recent years, new synthetic polymers have emerged that provide specific biological functions such as targeted molecular recognition of peptides, or present antiviral, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. In this review, the emergence of this generation of bioactive synthetic polymers and their bioapplications are summarized. Finally, the future opportunities in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenward Jung
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Edgar H H Wong
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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30
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De Silva EH, Salamat N, Zhang L, Zheng J, Novak BM. Water-soluble polycarbodiimides and their cytotoxic and antifungal properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:2369-2386. [PMID: 34428379 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1971821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We have successfully synthesized water-soluble neutral and polyelectrolyte helical polycarbodiimides and studied their biological properties. These polymers were prepared by decorating carbodiimide backbones with nonionic, hydrophilic functional groups such as dimethylamine, piperazine, and morpholine. Additionally, the 3° amines present in these functional groups were quaternized using methyl iodide as the alkylating agent to produce their ionic analogs. Polycarbodiimides were chosen as the base polymer used because of their facile chemical modification, pH tolerance in terms of both their helical conformations and degradation behaviors, and tunable helical inversion barriers. Hydrophilic side groups, such as morpholine, dimethylamine, and piperazine, can be used to balance the amphiphilic architecture of the polycarbodiimides along with lipophilic groups, such as alkyl side chains. A chiral R or S BINOL Ti(IV) isopropoxide catalyst was used to control the handedness of the polycarbodiimide helices in these studies. These ionic and neutral polycarbodiimides were subsequently studied for potential antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Poly[N-methyl-N'-2-morpholinoethylcarbodiimide], as an example, exhibited significant antifungal properties against Candida albicans. Also, Poly[N-methyl-N'-2-morpholinoethylcarbodiimide] showed significant inhibition of biofilm formation. This suggests that the polymer is a promising candidate for antifungal biomedical applications. Measuring cytotoxicity against urinary bladder cancer cells, poly[N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl)]-N'-[3-(morpholino)propyl]carbodiimide] (S-cat) and poly[N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl)]-N'-[3-(morpholino)propyl]carbodiimide]-MeI (S-cat) showed significantly low IC50 values. The IC50 values of poly[N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl)]-N'-[3-(morpholino)propyl]carbodiimide] (S-cat) and Poly[N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl)]-N'-[3-(morpholino)propyl]carbodiimide]-MeI (S-cat) are 3.50 μM and 1.27 μM, respectively. The significantly low cancer cell growth inhibition concentration implies the highest cytotoxicity of the polymers, suggesting potential applications as cancer therapeutics. These results also showed that the functionalization and chirality of polycarbodiimides modulate their anticancer and antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enosha Harshani De Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Narges Salamat
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Bruce M Novak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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32
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Biomaterials for the Prevention of Oral Candidiasis Development. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060803. [PMID: 34072188 PMCID: PMC8229946 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of microorganisms coexist within the human microbiota. However, certain conditions can predispose the organism to the overgrowth of specific pathogens that further lead to opportunistic infections. One of the most common such imbalances in the normal oral flora is the excessive growth of Candida spp., which produces oral candidiasis. In immunocompromised individuals, this fungal infection can reach the systemic level and become life-threatening. Hence, prompt and efficient treatment must be administered. Traditional antifungal agents, such as polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins, may often result in severe adverse effects, regardless of the administration form. Therefore, novel treatments have to be developed and implemented in clinical practice. In this regard, the present paper focuses on the newest therapeutic options against oral Candida infections, reviewing compounds and biomaterials with inherent antifungal properties, improved materials for dental prostheses and denture adhesives, drug delivery systems, and combined approaches towards developing the optimum treatment.
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33
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Jones JB, Liu L, Rank LA, Wetzel D, Woods EC, Biok N, Anderson SE, Lee MR, Liu R, Huth S, Sandhu BK, Gellman SH, McBride SM. Cationic Homopolymers Inhibit Spore and Vegetative Cell Growth of Clostridioides difficile. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1236-1247. [PMID: 33739823 PMCID: PMC8130196 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of synthetic polymers have been explored for antimicrobial activity. These materials usually contain both cationic and hydrophobic subunits because these two characteristics are prominent among host-defense peptides. Here, we describe a series of nylon-3 polymers containing only cationic subunits and their evaluation against the gastrointestinal, spore-forming pathogen Clostridioides difficile. Despite their highly hydrophilic nature, these homopolymers showed efficacy against both the vegetative and spore forms of the bacterium, including an impact on C. difficile spore germination. The polymer designated P34 demonstrated the greatest efficacy against C. difficile strains, along with low propensities to lyse human red blood cells or intestinal epithelial cells. To gain insight into the mechanism of P34 action, we evaluated several cell-surface mutant strains of C. difficile to determine the impacts on growth, viability, and cell morphology. The results suggest that P34 interacts with the cell wall, resulting in severe cell bending and death in a concentration-dependent manner. The unexpected finding that nylon-3 polymers composed entirely of cationic subunits display significant activities toward C. difficile should expand the range of other polymers considered for antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Daniela Wetzel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily C. Woods
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Biok
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Myung-ryul Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sean Huth
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Brindar K. Sandhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shonna M. McBride
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Regiospecific vs. non regiospecific click azide-alkyne polymerization: In vitro study of water-soluble antibacterial poly(amide aminotriazole)s. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 125:112113. [PMID: 33965117 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel linear cationic poly(amide aminotriazole)s (PATnD) with secondary amine groups in the backbone were obtained by using azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions: metal- and solvent-free (thermal conditions, PATTnD) or copper(I)-catalyzed (Sharpless conditions, PATCnD). PATnD were investigated in vitro against strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. Hemolytic activity was tested using human red blood cells (hRBC), and very low or no hemolytic activity was observed. The cytotoxicity of PATnD polymers against Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGnF) cells was concentration-dependent, and significant differences between PATT1D and PATC1D were observed. The ability of these polymers to induce resistance against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was also assessed. Studied bacterial strains acquired resistance to catalytic polymers (PATCnD) in initial passages meanwhile resistance to thermal polymers (PATTnD) appears in later passages, being the increase of the minimum inhibitory concentration lower than in catalytic polymers. This result, together with the higher biocidal capacity of thermal polymers compared to catalytic ones, seems to suggest an influence of the regiospecificity of the polymers on their antibacterial characteristics. This study also demonstrates that PAT1D polymers, which do not appear to have strong hydrophobic residues, can exert significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as S. epidermidis. This pair of polymers, PATC1D and PATT1D, displays the greatest antimicrobial activity while not causing significant hemolysis along with the lowest susceptibility for resistance development of the polymers evaluated.
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Jiang Y, Chen Y, Song Z, Tan Z, Cheng J. Recent advances in design of antimicrobial peptides and polypeptides toward clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:261-280. [PMID: 33400958 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The recent outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens have sounded a piercing alarm for the need of new effective antimicrobial agents to guard public health. Among different types of candidates, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the synthetic mimics of AMPs (SMAMPs) have attracted significant enthusiasm in the past thirty years, due to their unique membrane-active antimicrobial mechanism and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The extensive research has brought many drug candidates into clinical and pre-clinical development. Despite tremendous progresses have been made, several major challenges inherent to current design strategies have slowed down the clinical translational development of AMPs and SMAMPs. However, these challenges also triggered many efforts to redesign and repurpose AMPs. In this review, we will first give an overview on AMPs and their synthetic mimics, and then discuss the current status of their clinical translation. Finally, the recent advances in redesign and repurposing AMPs and SMAMPs are highlighted.
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36
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Muthukrishnan L. Imminent antimicrobial bioink deploying cellulose, alginate, EPS and synthetic polymers for 3D bioprinting of tissue constructs. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117774. [PMID: 33712131 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
3D printing, one of its kinds has been a recent technological trend to fabricate complex and patterned biomaterial with controlled precision. With the conventional kick-start of printing metals and plastics, advancements in printing viable cells, polysaccharides or microbes themselves have been achieved. The additive antimicrobial properties in bioinks sourced from organic and inorganic materials have profound implications in tissue engineering. Cellulose, alginate, exopolysaccharides, ceramics and synthetic polymers are integrated as a viable component in inks and used for bio-printing. To date, bacterial infection and immunogenicity pose a potential health risk during a tissue implant or bone substitution. In order to mitigate microbial infection, antimicrobial bioinks with significant antimicrobial potential have been the much sought after strategies. This approach could be an effective frontline defense against microbial interference in tissue engineering and biomedical applications. An overview on the antimicrobial potential of polysaccharides as bioinks for 3D bioprinting has been critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmipathy Muthukrishnan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 077, India.
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Ding HH, Chigan JZ, Zhen JB, Liu L, Xu YS, Chen C, Yang KW. Cholesteroled polymer (Chol-b-Lys)-based nanoparticles (CL-NPs) confer antibacterial efficacy without resistance. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03944j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nanoparticles CL-NPs assembled by polymer Chol-b-Lys confer antibacterial efficacy without resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Zhu Chigan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bin Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Sui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Wu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
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Shi S, Quarta N, Zhang H, Lu Z, Hof M, Šachl R, Liu R, Hoernke M. Hidden complexity in membrane permeabilization behavior of antimicrobial polycations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1475-1488. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05651k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There are diverse membrane permeabilization behaviors of antimicrobial polycations in zwitterionic or charged vesicles; different mechanisms may occur over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shi
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
- 79104 Freiburg i.Br
- Germany
| | - Ndjali Quarta
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
- 79104 Freiburg i.Br
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry
| | - Haodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Ziyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Maria Hoernke
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
- 79104 Freiburg i.Br
- Germany
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Zhang W, Wu Y, Liu L, Xiao X, Cong Z, Shao N, Qiao Z, Chen K, Liu S, Zhang H, Ji Z, Shao X, Dai Y, He H, Xia J, Fei J, Liu R. The membrane-targeting mechanism of host defense peptides inspiring the design of polypeptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles exhibiting effective antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5092-5101. [PMID: 34128037 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00533b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are a grand challenge to global medical and health systems. Therefore, it is urgent to develop versatile antibacterial strategies that can combat bacterial resistance without displaying toxicity. Here, we synthesize antibacterial polypeptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles that exhibit potent antibacterial activities against clinically isolated multiple drug resistance Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and excellent in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. The antibacterial mechanism study indicates that over-production of reactive oxygen species results in the killing of bacteria. The overall antibacterial performance of these polypeptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles and the convenient synthesis of these polypeptides via lithium hexamethyldisilazide-initiated fast ring-opening polymerization on α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride imply the potential application of this strategy in treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Longqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ximian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihao Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ning Shao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhongqian Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhemin Ji
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shao
- Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai 200023, China
| | - Yidong Dai
- Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai 200023, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. and Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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40
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Vera-González N, Shukla A. Advances in Biomaterials for the Prevention and Disruption of Candida Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:538602. [PMID: 33042051 PMCID: PMC7527432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.538602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species can readily colonize a multitude of indwelling devices, leading to biofilm formation. These three-dimensional, surface-associated Candida communities employ a multitude of sophisticated mechanisms to evade treatment, leading to persistent and recurrent infections with high mortality rates. Further complicating matters, the current arsenal of antifungal therapeutics that are effective against biofilms is extremely limited. Antifungal biomaterials are gaining interest as an effective strategy for combating Candida biofilm infections. In this review, we explore biomaterials developed to prevent Candida biofilm formation and those that treat existing biofilms. Surface functionalization of devices employing clinically utilized antifungals, other antifungal molecules, and antifungal polymers has been extremely effective at preventing fungi attachment, which is the first step of biofilm formation. Several mechanisms can lead to this attachment inhibition, including contact killing and release-based killing of surrounding planktonic cells. Eliminating mature biofilms is arguably much more difficult than prevention. Nanoparticles have shown the most promise in disrupting existing biofilms, with the potential to penetrate the dense fungal biofilm matrix and locally target fungal cells. We will describe recent advances in both surface functionalization and nanoparticle therapeutics for the treatment of Candida biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Vera-González
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Anita Shukla
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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41
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Kang YK, Park HS. Conformational preferences of cationic β-peptide in water studied by CCSD(T), MP2, and DFT methods. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04721. [PMID: 32904383 PMCID: PMC7452530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The conformational preferences of the cationic nylon-3 βNM [(3R,4)-diaminobutanoic acid, dAba] dipeptide in water were explored as the first step to understand the mode of action of polymers of βNM against phylogenetically diverse and intrinsically drug-resistant pathogenic fungi. The CCSD(T), MP2, M06-2X, ωB97X-D, B2PLYP-D3BJ, and DSD-PBEP86-D3BJ levels of theory with various basis sets were assessed for relative energies of the 45 local minima of the cationic Ac-dAba-NHMe located at the SMD M06-2X/6-31+G(d) level of theory in water against the benchmark CCSD(T)/CBS-limit energies in water. The best performance was obtained at the double-hybrid DSD-PBEP86-D3BJ/def2-QZVP level of theory with RMSD = 0.12 kcal/mol in water. The M06-2X/def2-QZVP level of theory predicted reasonably the conformational preference with RMSD = 0.38 kcal/mol in water and may be an alternative level of theory with marginal deviations for the calculation of conformational energies of relatively longer cationic peptides in water. In particular, the H14–helical structures appeared to be the most feasible conformations for the cationic Ac-dAba-NHMe populated at 48–64% by relative free energies in water. The hexamer built from the H14–structure of the cationic Ac-dAba-NHMe adopted a left-handed 314-helix, which has a slightly narrower radius and a longer rise than the regular 314-helix of β-peptides. Hence, the 314-helices of oligomers or polymers of the cationic dAba residues are expected to be the active conformation to exhibit the ability to bridge between charged lipid head groups that might cause a local depression or invagination of the membrane of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Sook Park
- Department of Nursing, Cheju Halla University, Cheju 63092, Republic of Korea
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42
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Zhou M, Zheng M, Cai J. Small Molecules with Membrane-Active Antibacterial Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21292-21299. [PMID: 31944092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This spotlight on application provides a brief overview of our research exploration, focusing on the research of small molecules with membrane-active antibacterial activity that mimic host-defense peptides (HDPs). The development of antimicrobial HDP agents is an emerging research area as they circumvent the potential disadvantages of HDPs. The small molecules are preferable for development due to their low production cost and potential of more practical applications. In recent years, we conducted research on the design of antibacterial agents based on small molecules including hydantoins, acylated reduced amides, biscyclic guanidines, and dimeric alkylamides of lysines. We herein sketch our journey on the exploration of the antimicrobial activity of these few classes of molecules and hopefully share our insight in the future design of small-molecular-weight antibiotic agents with membrane-active activity that mimic HDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Mengmeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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Tan J, Tay J, Hedrick J, Yang YY. Synthetic macromolecules as therapeutics that overcome resistance in cancer and microbial infection. Biomaterials 2020; 252:120078. [PMID: 32417653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic macromolecular antimicrobials have shown efficacy in the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. These synthetic macromolecules, inspired by Nature's antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), mitigate resistance by disrupting microbial cell membrane or targeting multiple intracellular proteins or genes. Unlike AMPs, these polymers are less prone to degradation by proteases and are easier to synthesize on a large scale. Recently, various studies have revealed that cancer cell membrane, like that of microbes, is negatively charged, and AMPs can be used as anticancer agents. Nevertheless, efforts in developing polymers as anticancer agents has remained limited. This review highlights the recent advancement in the development of synthetic biodegradable antimicrobial polymers (e.g. polycarbonates, polyesters and polypeptides) and anticancer macromolecules including peptides and polymers. Additionally, strategies to improve their in vivo bioavailability and selectivity towards bacteria and cancer cells are examined. Lastly, future perspectives, including use of artificial intelligence or machine learning, in the development of antimicrobial and anticancer macromolecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore; Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Joyce Tay
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore; Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - James Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA, 95120, United States
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore.
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Zhao MH, Zhen JB, Yang KW, Liu Y, Li JQ, Shi SQ. Quaternized polymer-based nanostructures confer antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Illustration of the antibacterial mechanism of the NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Han Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Chemical Biology Innovation Laboratory
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710127
| | - Jian-Bin Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Chemical Biology Innovation Laboratory
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710127
| | - Ke-Wu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Chemical Biology Innovation Laboratory
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710127
| | - Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Chemical Biology Innovation Laboratory
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710127
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Chemical Biology Innovation Laboratory
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710127
| | - Su-Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Chemical Biology Innovation Laboratory
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710127
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Wu Y, Xia G, Zhang W, Chen K, Bi Y, Liu S, Zhang W, Liu R. Structural design and antimicrobial properties of polypeptides and saccharide–polypeptide conjugates. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9173-9196. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01916j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development and progress of antimicrobial polypeptides and saccharide–polypeptide conjugates in regards to their structural design, biological functions and antimicrobial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Guixue Xia
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST) Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST) Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Kang Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST) Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Yufang Bi
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST) Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST) Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST) Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry
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46
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Chakraborty S, Barman R, Ghosh S. Tunable nanostructures by directional assembly of donor–acceptor supramolecular copolymers and antibacterial activity. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:2909-2917. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02772f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript reports supramolecular copolymerization of amphiphilic donor (D) and acceptor (A) units and their antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Chakraborty
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Ranajit Barman
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
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47
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Barman R, Mondal T, Sarkar J, Sikder A, Ghosh S. Self-Assembled Polyurethane Capsules with Selective Antimicrobial Activity against Gram-Negative E. coli. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:654-663. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Barman
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tathagata Mondal
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jayita Sarkar
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amrita Sikder
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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48
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Zhang K, Du Y, Si Z, Liu Y, Turvey ME, Raju C, Keogh D, Ruan L, Jothy SL, Reghu S, Marimuthu K, De PP, Ng OT, Mediavilla JR, Kreiswirth BN, Chi YR, Ren J, Tam KC, Liu XW, Duan H, Zhu Y, Mu Y, Hammond PT, Bazan GC, Pethe K, Chan-Park MB. Enantiomeric glycosylated cationic block co-beta-peptides eradicate Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and antibiotic-tolerant persisters. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4792. [PMID: 31636263 PMCID: PMC6803644 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of bacterial infections is hindered by the presence of biofilms and metabolically inactive persisters. Here, we report the synthesis of an enantiomeric block co-beta-peptide, poly(amido-D-glucose)-block-poly(beta-L-lysine), with high yield and purity by one-shot one-pot anionic-ring opening (co)polymerization. The co-beta-peptide is bactericidal against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), including replicating, biofilm and persister bacterial cells, and also disperses biofilm biomass. It is active towards community-acquired and hospital-associated MRSA strains which are resistant to multiple drugs including vancomycin and daptomycin. Its antibacterial activity is superior to that of vancomycin in MRSA mouse and human ex vivo skin infection models, with no acute in vivo toxicity in repeated dosing in mice at above therapeutic levels. The copolymer displays bacteria-activated surfactant-like properties, resulting from contact with the bacterial envelope. Our results indicate that this class of non-toxic molecule, effective against different bacterial sub-populations, has promising potential for the treatment of S. aureus infections. The authors report the synthesis of an enantiomeric block co-beta-peptide that kills methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including biofilm and persister bacterial cells, and disperses biofilms. The copolymer displays antibacterial activity in human ex vivo and mouse in vivo infection models without toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Yu Du
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhangyong Si
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Yang Liu
- Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Michelle E Turvey
- Infectious Disease Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology Centre, 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Cheerlavancha Raju
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Damien Keogh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Lin Ruan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Subramanion L Jothy
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Sheethal Reghu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Kalisvar Marimuthu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.,National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308442, Singapore
| | - Partha Pratim De
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Oon Tek Ng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.,National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308442, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - José R Mediavilla
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Barry N Kreiswirth
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Kam C Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Hongwei Duan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Yabin Zhu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9510, USA
| | - Kevin Pethe
- Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore. .,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore.
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore. .,Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore.
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49
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Grace JL, Amado M, Reid JC, Elliott AG, Landersdorfer CB, Truong NP, Kempe K, Cooper MA, Davis TP, Montembault V, Pascual S, Fontaine L, Velkov T, Quinn JF, Whittaker MR. An optimised Cu(0)-RDRP approach for the synthesis of lipidated oligomeric vinyl azlactone: toward a versatile antimicrobial materials screening platform. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6796-6809. [PMID: 31603181 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This report details the synthesis of lipidated 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxazolone (VDM) oligomers via an optimised Cu(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerisation approach, and the use of these oligomers as a versatile functional platform for the rapid generation of antimicrobial materials. The relative amounts of CuBr2 and Me6TREN were optimised to allow the fast and controlled polymerisation of VDM. These conditions were then used with the initiators ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate, dodecyl 2-bromoisobutyrate, and (R)-3-((2-bromo-2-methylpropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl didodecanoate to synthesise a library of oligo(VDM) (degree of polymerisation = 10) with ethyl, dodecyl or diglyceride end-groups. Subsequently, ring-opening of the pendant oxazolone group with various amines (i.e., 2-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-di-Boc-guanidine, 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, N-Boc-ethylenediamine, or N,N-dimethylethylenediamine) expanded the library to give 12 functional oligomers incorporating different cationic and lipid elements. The antimicrobial activities of these oligomers were assessed against a palette of bacteria and fungi: i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans. The oligomers generally exhibited the greatest activity against the fungus, C. neoformans, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 μg mL-1 (comparable to the clinically approved antifungal fluconazole). To assess haemocompatibility, the oligomers were assayed against erythrocytes, with the primary amine or guanidine containing C12 and 2C12 oligomers exhibiting greater lysis against the red blood cells (HC10 values between 7.1 and 43 μg mL-1) than their imidazole and tertiary amine counterparts (HC10 of >217 μg mL-1). Oligomers showed the greatest selectivity for C. neoformans, with the C12- and 2C12-tertiary amine and C12-imidazole oligomers possessing the greatest selectivity of >54-109. These results demonstrate the utility of reactive oligomers for rapidly assessing structure-property relationships for antibacterial and antifungal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Grace
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Maite Amado
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Janet C Reid
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cornelia B Landersdorfer
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia and Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nghia P Truong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia and Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Sagrario Pascual
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John F Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael R Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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50
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Hu D, Zou L, Li B, Hu M, Ye W, Ji J. Photothermal Killing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Bacteria-Targeted Polydopamine Nanoparticles with Nano-Localized Hyperpyrexia. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5169-5179. [PMID: 33455223 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens have become intractable problems to public health. Therefore, there is an imperious demand for developing new approaches to effectively kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this work, we report a kind of bacteria-targeted polydopamine nanoparticle exhibiting great photothermal killing ability toward methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by nano-localized hyperpyrexia under low-power near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. These bacteria-targeted nanoparticles (PDA-PEG-Van) are prepared by modifying polydopamine nanoparticles with thiol-poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG-SH) and vancomycin (Van) molecules. The PEG shell endows the nanoparticles with excellent long-term circulation stability. Due to the multivalent hydrogen-bond interactions between vancomycin and the MRSA cell wall, the vancomycin-modified polydopamine nanoparticles can specifically target MRSA rather than mammalian cells. These bacteria-targeted nanoparticles are employed as a nano-localized heat source to kill MRSA via disrupting the bacterial cell wall and membrane under irradiation of low-power NIR light. More importantly, the surrounding healthy tissues suffer bare damage, owing to the absence of any targeting effect of PDA-PEG-Van toward mammalian cells and the low power of NIR light used in the therapeutic process. Given the above advantages, the bacteria-targeted polydopamine nanoparticles proposed in this work show tremendous potential to treat MRSA infections, because they can effectively limit localized heating in the infection sites to kill bacteria and cut down damage to healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lingyun Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bochao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mi Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wanying Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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