1
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Pal Y, Fiala TA, Swords WB, Yoon TP, Schmidt JR. Predicting Emission Spectra of Heteroleptic Iridium Complexes Using Artificial Chemical Intelligence. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400176. [PMID: 38752882 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
We report a deep learning-based approach to accurately predict the emission spectra of phosphorescent heteroleptic [Ir(C ∧ N ${{\rm{C}}^\wedge {\rm{N}}}$ )2(N ∧ N ${{\rm{N}}^\wedge {\rm{N}}}$ )]+ complexes, enabling the rapid discovery of novel Ir(III) chromophores for diverse applications including organic light-emitting diodes and solar fuel cells. The deep learning models utilize graph neural networks and other chemical features in architectures that reflect the inherent structure of the heteroleptic complexes, composed ofC ∧ N ${{\rm{C}}^\wedge {\rm{N}}}$ andN ∧ N ${{\rm{N}}^\wedge {\rm{N}}}$ ligands, and are thus geared towards efficient training over the dataset. By leveraging experimental emission data, our models reliably predict the full emission spectra of these complexes across various emission profiles, surpassing the accuracy of conventional DFT and correlated wavefunction methods, while simultaneously achieving robustness to the presence of imperfect (noisy, low-quality) training spectra. We showcase the potential applications for these and related models for in silico prediction of complexes with tailored emission properties, as well as in "design of experiment" contexts to reduce the synthetic burden of high-throughput screening. In the latter case, we demonstrate that the models allow us to exploit a limited amount of experimental data to explore a wide range of chemical space, thus leveraging a modest synthetic effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudhajit Pal
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Tahoe A Fiala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - J R Schmidt
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
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2
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Peng LY, Jin R, Zhang SR, Liu XY, Fang WH, Cui G. Roles of Nonadiabatic Processes, Reaction Mechanism, and Selectivity in Cu-Catalyzed [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition of Norbornene and Acetone to Oxetane. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11334-11346. [PMID: 39094225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Oxetane has been extensively studied for its applications in medicinal chemistry and as a reactive intermediate in synthesis. Experiments report a Cu-catalyzed [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of acetone and norbornene to oxetane, which is proposed to deviate from the conventional Paternò-Büchi reaction. However, its mechanism at the atomic level is not clear. In this study, we used a combination of multistate complete active space second-order perturbation theory (MS-CASPT2) and density functional theory to systematically investigate the reaction mechanism and elucidate the factors contributing to the diastereomeric selectivity. Initially, the formation of the TpCu(Norb) complex is achieved by strong interaction between tris(pyrazolyl)borate Cu(I) (TpCu) and norbornene in the ground state (S0). Upon photoexcitation, TpCu(Norb) eventually decays to the T1 state, in which TpCu(Norb) attacks acetone to initiate subsequent reactions and produces final endo- or exo-oxetane products. All these reactions initially involve the C-C bond formation in the T1 state thereto leading to a ring-opening intermediate. This intermediate then undergoes a nonradiative transition to the S0 state, producing a five-membered ring intermediate, from which the C-O bond is formed, leading to the experimentally dominant exo-product. In contrast, the endo-oxetane formation requires a rearrangement process after the C-C bond is formed because of the large steric effects. As a consequence, the different reaction pathways generating exo- and endo-products exhibit large differences in the free-energy barriers, which results in a diastereomeric selectivity observed experimentally. Additionally, the nonradiative transition is found to play an important role in facilitating these reaction steps. The present computational study provides valuable mechanistic insights into Cu-catalyzed photocycloaddition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shi-Ru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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3
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Pérez-Aguilar MC, Entgelmeier LM, Herrera-Luna JC, Daniliuc CG, Consuelo Jiménez M, Pérez-Ruiz R, García Mancheño O. Unlocking Photocatalytic Activity of Acridinium Salts by Anion-Binding Co-Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400541. [PMID: 38739757 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The in situ generation of active photoredox organic catalysts upon anion-binding co-catalysis by making use of the ionic nature of common photosensitizers is reported. Hence, the merge of anion-binding and photocatalysis permitted the modulation of the photocatalytic activity of simple acridinium halide salts, building an effective anion-binding - photoredox ion pair complex able to promote a variety of visible light driven transformations, such as anti-Markovnikov addition to olefins, Diels-Alder and the desilylative C-C bond forming reactions. Anion-binding studies, together with steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy analysis, supported the postulated ion pair formation between the thiourea hydrogen-bond donor organocatalyst and the acridinium salt, which proved essential for unlocking the photocatalytic activity of the photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Pérez-Aguilar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas-M Entgelmeier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jorge C Herrera-Luna
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- Current address: Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - M Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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4
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Kidd JB, Fiala TA, Swords WB, Park Y, Meyer KA, Sanders KM, Guzei IA, Wright JC, Yoon TP. Enantioselective Paternò-Büchi Reactions: Strategic Application of a Triplet Rebound Mechanism for Asymmetric Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15293-15300. [PMID: 38781687 PMCID: PMC11224773 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The Paternò-Büchi reaction is the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of a carbonyl with an alkene to afford an oxetane. Enantioselective catalysis of this classical photoreaction, however, has proven to be a long-standing challenge. Many of the best-developed strategies for asymmetric photochemistry are not suitable to address this problem because the interaction of carbonyls with Brønsted or Lewis acidic catalysts can alter the electronic structure of their excited state and divert their reactivity toward alternate photoproducts. We show herein that a triplet rebound strategy enables the stereocontrolled reaction of an excited-state carbonyl compound in its native, unbound state. These studies have resulted in the development of the first highly enantioselective catalytic Paternò-Büchi reaction, catalyzed by a novel hydrogen-bonding chiral Ir photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse B. Kidd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Tahoe A. Fiala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Wesley B. Swords
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Yerin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kent A. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Kyana M. Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - John C. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Tehshik P. Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison WI 53706 USA
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5
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Pian J, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, He L, Liu XL, Li Y, Li SW. Asymmetric Synthesis of Tertiary α-Hydroxylation-Cyclopentanones via Synergetic Catalysis of Chiral-at-Metal Rhodium(III) Complexes/Pyrrolidine. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38154059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic and asymmetric domino Michael/aldol reaction of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds with α,β-unsaturated ketones under the synergetic catalysis of chiral-at-metal rhodium complexes and pyrrolidine to deliver tertiary α-hydroxylation-cyclopentanones (45-89% yields with 81-99% ee and up to >20:1 dr) bearing three contiguous stereogenic centers had been established. Moreover, the scalability and practical utility of this protocol were well demonstrated by employing a gram-scale reaction and some representative transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Pian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhifei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Lin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xiong-Li Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploition of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Shi-Wu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832003, China
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6
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Chen X, Zhao Y, Huang C, Zhao Z, Zhao W, Li SW. Catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of coumarins to unsaturated ketones catalyzed by a chiral-at-metal Rh(III) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:236-239. [PMID: 38054345 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04726a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The first catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition of coumarins to unsaturated ketones catalyzed by chiral rhodium catalysts has been established. This strategy allowed the synthesis of a variety of highly enantioenriched compounds containing coumarin skeletons in 41-99% yields and 84-99% ee. The developed reaction enriches the chemistry of catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Michael additions of 3-cyano-4-methylcoumarins. Furthermore, the protocol showed obvious advantages in reaction enantioselectivity. When the chiral rhodium catalyst was reduced to 0.06 mol%, a Gram-level reaction was still achieved to provide the desired products with 99% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhifei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- College of Life Science & Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi-Wu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Swords WB, Lee H, Park Y, Llamas F, Skubi KL, Park J, Guzei IA, Baik MH, Yoon TP. Highly Enantioselective 6π Photoelectrocyclizations Engineered by Hydrogen Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27045-27053. [PMID: 38049954 PMCID: PMC10842740 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical electrocyclization reactions are valued for both their ability to produce structurally complex molecules and their central role in elucidating fundamental mechanistic principles of photochemistry. We present herein a highly enantioselective 6π photoelectrocyclization catalyzed by a chiral Ir(III) photosensitizer. This transformation was successfully realized by engineering a strong hydrogen-bonding interaction between a pyrazole moiety on the catalyst and a basic imidazolyl ketone on the substrate. To shed light on the origin of stereoinduction, we conducted a comprehensive investigation combining experimental and computational mechanistic studies. Results from density functional theory calculations underscore the crucial role played by the prochirality and the torquoselectivity in the electrocyclization process as well as the steric demand in the subsequent [1,4]-H shift step. Our findings not only offer valuable guidance for developing chiral photocatalysts but also serve as a significant reference for achieving high levels of enantioselectivity in the 6π photoelectrocyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hanna Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Franco Llamas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kazimer L Skubi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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8
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Xiong Z, Xu F, Zhou Y, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Yao W, Wang Z. Enantioselective Construction of C4-Quaternary Quinolinones via Copper(II)-Catalyzed Asymmetric [1,3] O-to-C Rearrangement. Org Lett 2023; 25:8302-8307. [PMID: 37966133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
An efficient asymmetric [1,3] O-to-C rearrangement of quinolin-2(1H)-ones enabled by a chiral bisoxazoline/copper complex has been developed. This strategy tolerated a wide range of substrates to provide a series of 1,4-dihydroquinoline-2,3-diones containing a quaternary stereocenter. A further cyclization of the [1,3] O-to-C rearrangement products was also realized, which led to various optically active 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-ones with broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongli Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Fuxing Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yushuang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
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9
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Yang P, Wang RX, Huang XL, Cheng YZ, You SL. Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclobutane Derivatives via Cascade Asymmetric Allylic Etherification/[2 + 2] Photocycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21752-21759. [PMID: 37768553 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Chiral cyclobutane presents as a popular motif in natural products and biologically active molecules, and its derivatives have been extensively used as key synthons in organic synthesis. Herein, we report an efficient synthetic method toward enantioenriched cyclobutane derivatives. The reaction proceeds in a cascade fashion involving Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allylic etherification and visible-light induced [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Readily available branched allyl acetates and cinnamyl alcohols are directly used as the substrates under mild reaction conditions, providing a broad range of chiral cyclobutanes in good yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to 12:1 dr, >99% ee). It is worth noting that all substrates and catalysts were simultaneously added without any separated step in this approach. The gram-scale reaction and diverse transformations of product further enhance the potential utility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pusu Yang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui-Xiang Wang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu-Lun Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Cheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Ni SF, Li JP, Xia D, Han X, Lin J, Wang J, Das S, Zhang WD. Visible-light-induced [3+2] cycloadditions of donor/donor diazo intermediates with alkenes to achieve (spiro)-pyrazolines and pyrazoles. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10411-10419. [PMID: 37799991 PMCID: PMC10548519 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04188c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, [3 + 2] cycloadditions of diazo esters with alkynes or alkenes have been a robust tool to generate pyrazoles and pyrazolines. However, methods capable of generating donor/donor diazo species from readily available N-tosylhydrazones to furnish [3 + 2] cycloadditions, remain elusive. Herein, we describe the first visible-light-induced [3 + 2] cycloadditions of donor/donor diazo precursors with alkenes to afford pyrazoles and novel (spiro)pyrazolines bearing a quaternary center. This protocol shows a tolerable substrate scope covering versatile carbonyl compounds and alkenes. Late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules, one-pot approach, and gram-scale synthesis have also been introduced successfully to prove the practicability. At last, mechanistic experiments and DFT studies suggested the formation of non-covalent interactions enabling the activation of N-tosylhydrazones and the formation of the donor/donor diazo intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yanchuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310053 China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Jin-Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Dingding Xia
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Xinyu Han
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jingchuan Lin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310053 China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China
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11
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Onneken C, Morack T, Soika J, Sokolova O, Niemeyer N, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Daniliuc CG, Neugebauer J, Gilmour R. Light-enabled deracemization of cyclopropanes by Al-salen photocatalysis. Nature 2023; 621:753-759. [PMID: 37612509 PMCID: PMC10533403 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Privileged chiral catalysts-those that share common structural features and are enantioselective across a range of reactions-continue to transform the chemical-research landscape1. In recent years, new reactivity modes have been achieved through excited-state catalysis, processes activated by light, but it is unclear if the selectivity of ground-state privileged catalysts can be matched. Although the interception of photogenerated intermediates by ground-state cycles has partially addressed this challenge2, single, chiral photocatalysts that simultaneously regulate reactivity and selectivity are conspicuously scarce3. So far, precision donor-acceptor recognition motifs remain crucial in enantioselective photocatalyst design4. Here we show that chiral Al-salen complexes, which have well-defined photophysical properties, can be used for the efficient photochemical deracemization5 of cyclopropyl ketones (up to 98:2 enantiomeric ratio (e.r.)). Irradiation at λ = 400 nm (violet light) augments the reactivity of the commercial catalyst to enable reactivity and enantioselectivity to be regulated simultaneously. This circumvents the need for tailored catalyst-substrate recognition motifs. It is predicted that this study will stimulate a re-evaluation of many venerable (ground-state) chiral catalysts in excited-state processes, ultimately leading to the identification of candidates that may be considered 'privileged' in both reactivity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Onneken
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Morack
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia Soika
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Olga Sokolova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Niklas Niemeyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster, Münster, Germany.
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12
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Bauer T, Hakim YZ, Morawska P. Recent Advances in the Enantioselective Radical Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:6252. [PMID: 37687085 PMCID: PMC10489153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The review covers research published since 2017 and is focused on enantioselective synthesis using radical reactions. It describes recent approaches to the asymmetric synthesis of chiral molecules based on the application of the metal catalysis, dual metal and organocatalysis and finally, pure organocatalysis including enzyme catalysis. This review focuses on the synthetic aspects of the methodology and tries to show which compounds can be obtained in enantiomerically enriched forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Bauer
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, L Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (Y.Z.H.); (P.M.)
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13
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Liu B, Zubi YS, Lewis JC. Iridium(III) polypyridine artificial metalloenzymes with tunable photophysical properties: a new platform for visible light photocatalysis in aqueous solution. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:5034-5038. [PMID: 37060130 PMCID: PMC10187040 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00932g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) can combine the unique features of both metal complexes and enzymes by incorporating a cofactor within a protein scaffold. Herein, we describe a panel of ArMs constructed by covalently linking Ir(III) polypyridyl complexes into a prolyl oligopeptidase scaffold. Spectroscopic methods were used to examine how properties of the resulting ArMs are influenced by structural variation of the cyclometalated ligands and the protein scaffold. Visible light photocatalysis by these hybrid catalysts was also examined, leading to the finding that they catalyze inter/intra-molecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition in aqueous solution. Low but reproducible enantioselectivity was observed using a cofactor that undergoes partial kinetic resolution upon bioconjugation within the ArM active site, showing the importance of scaffold/cofactor interactions for enabling selective ArM photocatalysis. Further evidence of the importance of cofactor/scaffold interactions was provided by analyzing native POP peptidase catalysis by the ArMs. Together, these studies show how Ir(III)-based ArMs constitute a promising starting point for ongoing studies to control the stereoselectivity of EnT reactions by engineering substrate binding/activation motifs in POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | - Yasmine S Zubi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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14
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Khromova OV, Emelyanov MA, Stoletova NV, Bodunova EE, Prima DO, Smol’yakov AF, Eremenko IL, Maleev VI, Larionov VA. Post-Modification of Octahedral Chiral-at-Metal Cobalt(III) Complexes by Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling and Evaluation of Their Catalytic Activity. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Khromova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Emelyanov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda V. Stoletova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina E. Bodunova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Darya O. Prima
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander F. Smol’yakov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor L. Eremenko
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor I. Maleev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. Larionov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
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15
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Hu B, Yan W, Jiang P, Jiang L, Yuan X, Lin J, Jiao Y, Jin Y. Switchable synthesis of natural-product-like lawsones and indenopyrazoles through regioselective ring-expansion of indantrione. Commun Chem 2023; 6:17. [PMID: 36697885 PMCID: PMC9849474 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lawsones and indenopyrazoles are the prevalent structural motifs and building blocks in pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules, but their synthesis has always remained challenging as no comprehensive protocol has been outlined to date. Herein, a metal-free, ring-expansion reaction of indantrione with diazomethanes, generated in situ from the N-tosylhydrazones, has been developed for the synthesis of lawsone and indenopyrazole derivatives in acetonitrile and alcohol solvents, respectively. It provides these valuable lawsone and pyrazole skeletons in good yields and high levels of diastereoselectivity from simple and readily available starting materials. DFT calculations were used to explore the mechanism in different solutions. The synthetic application example also showed the prospects of this method for the preparation of valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, 411201, Xiangtan, China
| | - Peiyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, China
| | - Yinchun Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, 411201, Xiangtan, China.
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, 650091, Kunming, China.
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16
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Verma R, Jindal P, Prasad J, Kothari SL, Lamba NP, Dandia A, Khangarot RK, Chauhan MS. Recent Trends in Photocatalytic Enantioselective Reactions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:48. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Creating, conserving and modifying the stereochemistry of organic compounds has been the subject of significant research efforts in synthetic chemistry. Most synthetic routes are designed according to the stereoselectivity-determining step. Stereochemical editing is an alternative strategy, wherein the chiral-defining or geometry-defining steps are independent of the construction of the major scaffold or complexity. It enables late-stage alterations of stereochemistry and can generate isomers from a single compound. However, in many instances, stereochemical editing processes are contra-thermodynamic, meaning the transformation is unfavourable. To overcome this barrier, photocatalysis uses photogenerated radical species and introduces thermochemical biases. A range of synthetically valuable contra-thermodynamic stereochemical editing processes have been invented, including deracemization of chiral molecules, positional alkene isomerization and dynamic epimerization of sugars and diols. In this Review, we highlight the fundamental mechanisms of visible-light photocatalysis and the general reactivity modes of the photogenerated radical intermediates towards contra-thermodynamic stereochemical editing processes.
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18
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Liang Y, Kleinmans R, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes via Visible-Light-Induced Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20207-20213. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roman Kleinmans
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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19
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Wessig P, Badetko D, Koebe M. Triplet Sensitized Photo‐Dehydro‐Diels‐Alder Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Wessig
- Institut für Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Dominik Badetko
- Institut für Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Michael Koebe
- Institut für Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
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20
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Synthesis of cyclodextrin derivatives for enantiodifferentiating photocyclodimerization of 2-anthracenecarboxylate. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2494-2516. [PMID: 36045225 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical methods are increasingly being used in organic synthesis. They are especially useful for preparing many compounds that are not readily accessible through thermal or enzymatic reactions. The supramolecular strategy has proved highly promising in recent years for manipulating the stereochemical outcome of chiral photoreactions through relatively strong and long-lasting noncovalent interactions in both ground and excited states. Among the numerous chiral photochemical reactions, photocyclodimerization of 2-anthracenecarboxylate (AC) is the most comprehensively studied supramolecular chiral photoreaction and has essentially become a benchmark reaction for evaluating supramolecular photochirogenesis. Cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives were the earliest and are the most widely applied chiral host for mediating photoreactions. Herein, we use CD-mediated photocyclodimerization of AC as an example to introduce the operation process of supramolecular chiral photoreactions. The protocol includes the following contents: (i) the preparation, purification and characterization of β-CD derivatives; (ii) methods for investigating the host-guest inclusion behavior between AC and β-CD derivatives; (iii) the photochemical reaction operation flow under different solvent and temperature conditions; (iv) chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of the product distribution and enantioselectivity. The protocol is introduced by using representative examples of the synthesis of β-CD derivatives and the manipulation of environmental factors that give excellent regio- and enantioselectivities in the photocyclodimerization of AC. The synthesis and purification of β-CD derivatives require 3-5 d of work. The photoirradiation of AC with β-CD derivatives can be done within 1 h. The product analysis requires 5 h.
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21
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Li G, Li N, Cao Y, Shi C, Liu X, Zeng R, Wu M, Li Q, Yang C, Yuan A. Deep-Red/Near-Infrared to Blue-Green Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Featuring Three Differently Charged (0, -1, and -2) Ligands: Structures, Photophysics, and Organic Light-Emitting Diode Application. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10548-10556. [PMID: 35763374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a new family of neutral phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes (Ir1-Ir6) featuring three differently charged (0, -1, and -2) ligands, in which biphenyl (bp) is used as a dianionic (-2) ligand, 4,6-difluorophenylpyridine (dfppy) or 1-phenylisoquinoline (piq) is used as a monoanionic (-1) ligand, and 2,2'-bipyridyl (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene (dppb), or 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane (dppe) is used as a neutral (0) ligand. The X-ray structures confirm that three coordination carbon atoms of all complexes assume a facial geometry, which can be beneficial to the stability of the structure. More importantly, the emitting color of the complexes can be tuned from deep red/near-infrared (NIR) (680-710 nm) to blue-green (466-496 nm) with different monoanionic (-1) ligands and neutral (0) ligands. Interestingly, the complex Ir5 shows a significant aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission effect, while Ir6 with a similar structure shows an opposite aggregation-caused quenching effect, mainly due to slight differences in the neutral (0) ligand structure. Notably, all deep red/NIR-emitting complexes (Ir1-Ir4) exhibit a distinct charge transfer (CT) excited state from the dianionic (-2) ligand to the neutral (0) ligand according to density functional theory calculations, whereas the excited state of blue-green-emitting complexes (Ir5-Ir6) displays the CT from the dianionic (-2) ligand to the monoanionic (-1) ligand. Considering better stability and optical performance, the deep red-emitting complexes (Ir2 and Ir4) with a simple structure are used as emitting layers of organic light-emitting diode devices and achieved good maximum external quantum efficiency (4.9 and 5.8%) peaking at 676 and 655 nm, respectively, with a very low turn-on voltage (2.5 V). This research provides a good strategy for the design of phosphorescent iridium complexes based on three differently charged (0, -1, and -2) ligands and their optoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Nengquan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Cao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Chao Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Ruoqi Zeng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
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22
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Zhang H, Huang C, Yuan XA, Yu S. Photoexcited Chiral Copper Complex-Mediated Alkene E → Z Isomerization Enables Kinetic Resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10958-10967. [PMID: 35675512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
While asymmetric synthesis has been established as a powerful synthetic tool for the construction of versatile enantioenriched molecules in the most efficient and practical manner, the resolution of racemates is still the most universal industrial approach to the synthesis of chiral compounds. However, the direct formation of enantiopure Z-isomers through the catalytic nonenzymatic kinetic resolution of racemic E-alkenes remains challenging. Herein, we disclose an unprecedented enantioselective E → Z isomerization mediated by a photoexcited chiral copper complex. This catalytic system enables kinetic resolution of 2-styrylpyrrolidines. This process is difficult to realize under thermal conditions. Mechanistic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that different overall sensitization rates of the substrate-catalyst complex of the two enantiomers led to the observed excellent kinetic resolution efficiency. This photochemical transformation expands the potential of kinetic resolution beyond their established ground-state reactivity, furnishing a novel reaction mode for enantioselective catalysis at its excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Congcong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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23
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Reek JNH, de Bruin B, Pullen S, Mooibroek TJ, Kluwer AM, Caumes X. Transition Metal Catalysis Controlled by Hydrogen Bonding in the Second Coordination Sphere. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12308-12369. [PMID: 35593647 PMCID: PMC9335700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysis is of utmost importance for the development of sustainable processes in academia and industry. The activity and selectivity of metal complexes are typically the result of the interplay between ligand and metal properties. As the ligand can be chemically altered, a large research focus has been on ligand development. More recently, it has been recognized that further control over activity and selectivity can be achieved by using the "second coordination sphere", which can be seen as the region beyond the direct coordination sphere of the metal center. Hydrogen bonds appear to be very useful interactions in this context as they typically have sufficient strength and directionality to exert control of the second coordination sphere, yet hydrogen bonds are typically very dynamic, allowing fast turnover. In this review we have highlighted several key features of hydrogen bonding interactions and have summarized the use of hydrogen bonding to program the second coordination sphere. Such control can be achieved by bridging two ligands that are coordinated to a metal center to effectively lead to supramolecular bidentate ligands. In addition, hydrogen bonding can be used to preorganize a substrate that is coordinated to the metal center. Both strategies lead to catalysts with superior properties in a variety of metal catalyzed transformations, including (asymmetric) hydrogenation, hydroformylation, C-H activation, oxidation, radical-type transformations, and photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,InCatT B.V., Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Pullen
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tiddo J Mooibroek
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Xavier Caumes
- InCatT B.V., Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Takagi R, Tanimoto T. Enantioselective [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of quinolone using a C1-symmetric chiral phosphoric acid as a visible-light photocatalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3940-3947. [PMID: 35506886 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00607c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective intra- and intermolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of quinolone using a C1-symmetric chiral phosphoric acid as a visible-light photocatalyst is developed. The thioxanthone chromophore on phosphoric acid plays an important role in both phototransformation and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryukichi Takagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Tanimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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25
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Guo F, Wang H, Ye X, Tan CH. Advanced Synthesis Using Photocatalysis Involved Dual Catalytic System. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Guo
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Hong Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences SINGAPORE
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26
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Baek D, Ryu H, Hahm H, Lee J, Hong S. Palladium Catalysis Featuring Attractive Noncovalent Interactions Enabled Highly Enantioselective Access to β-Quaternary δ-Lactams. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doohyun Baek
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Huijeong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Hahm
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro,
Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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27
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Chen X, An Y, Du G, Zhao Y, He L, Zhao J, Li SW. Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of 2-Methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzoates to Unsaturated Ketones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5497-5509. [PMID: 35420811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalytic vinylogous Michael addition of 2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzoates to unsaturated ketones catalyzed by chiral rhodium catalysts has been established. This strategy allowed the synthesis of a variety of optically pure compounds containing imidazole and 3,5-dinitrobenzene skeletons in 64-98% yields with 88-98% ee. The developed reaction not only represents highly asymmetric catalytic enantioselective vinylogous Michael addition employing 2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzoates as a building block but also enriches the chemistry of catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition of 2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzoates. Furthermore, the protocol showed obvious advantages in reaction activity and enantioselectivity. When the chiral rhodium catalyst was reduced to 0.06 mol %, the gram-level reaction was still achieved to provide the desired product with 95% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi An
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfen Du
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixing Zhao
- Analysis and Testing Center of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
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28
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Das A. LED Light Sources in Organic Synthesis: An Entry to a Novel Approach. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178618666210916164132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
In recent years, photocatalytic technology has shown great potential as a low-cost, environmentally
friendly, and sustainable technology. Compared to other light sources in photochemical reaction,
LEDs have advantages in terms of efficiency, power, compatibility, and environmentally friendly
nature. This review highlights the most recent advances in LED-induced photochemical reactions. The
effect of white and blue LEDs in reactions such as oxidation, reduction, cycloaddition, isomerization,
and sensitization is discussed in detail. No other reviews have been published on the importance of
white and blue LED sources in the photocatalysis of organic compounds. Considering all the facts, this
review is highly significant and timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Das
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin
Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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29
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Ren Y, Lu S, He L, Zhao Z, Li SW. Catalytic Asymmetric Decarboxylative Michael Addition To Construct an All-Carbon Quaternary Center with 3-Alkenyl-oxindoles. Org Lett 2022; 24:2585-2589. [PMID: 35357198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The first highly enantioselective asymmetric decarboxylative addition of β-keto acids with 3-alkenyl-oxindoles bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter have been developed. The relevant products were acquired in 49-98% yields with 88-98% enantioselectivities in the presence of 0.04-1.0 mol % of chiral rhodium catalyst. The comprehensive practicability of this method was proven in the preparation of the key intermediate, which can be easily transformed into analogues of physovenine and physostigmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzheng Ren
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemitry and Chemical Engneeng, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Lu
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemitry and Chemical Engneeng, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemitry and Chemical Engneeng, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemitry and Chemical Engneeng, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemitry and Chemical Engneeng, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
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30
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Khromova OV, Emelyanov MA, Smol'yakov AF, Fedyanin IV, Maleev VI, Larionov VA. Family of Well-Defined Chiral-at-Cobalt(III) Complexes as Metal-Templated Hydrogen-Bond-Donor Catalysts: Effect of Chirality at the Metal Center on the Stereochemical Outcome of the Reaction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5512-5523. [PMID: 35357165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A family of well-defined Λ- and Δ-diastereomeric octahedral cationic chiral-at-cobalt complexes were obtained by a simple two-step reaction of (R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine, or (S)-2-(aminomethyl)pyrrolidine and substituted salicylaldehydes with a cobalt(III) salt. It was observed for the first time that the use of an excess of cobalt(III) salt provides both the enantiopure Λ and Δ forms of the corresponding cobalt(III) complexes 1 and 2 in a ratio of diastereomers ranging from 1:1.6 to >20:1 (Λ/Δ) and in 31-95% combined yields. The obtained complexes were robust, air- and bench-stable, soluble in most of organic solvents, and insoluble in water. Through variation of the substituents in the phenyl ring of the salicylaldehyde moiety, it was shown that both steric and electronic effects of substituents have a significant impact on the formation of Λ and Δ isomers. Next, the efficacies of the enantiopure metal-templated complexes 1-3 were investigated in three benchmark asymmetric reactions in order to compare their catalytic activity. The chiral cobalt(III) complexes 1-3 were tested as enantioselective hydrogen-bond-donor catalysts in such important reactions as the Michael addition of the O'Donnell substrate to methyl acrylate, epoxidation of chalcone, and trimethylsilylcyanation of benzaldehyde. It was clearly demonstrated that the chirality at the cobalt center has an impact on the stereochemical outcome of the reactions. In particular, the Λ(R,R)-1 and Δ(R,R)-1 complexes acted as "pseudoenantiomeric" catalysts in the epoxidation and trimethylsilylcyanoation reactions, providing both enantiomers of the products with up to 57% enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Khromova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Emelyanov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander F Smol'yakov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny per. 36, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan V Fedyanin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny per. 36, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Victor I Maleev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Larionov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
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31
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Dai Y, Liang S, Zeng G, Huang H, Zhao X, Cao S, Jiang Z. Asymmetric [3 + 2] photocycloadditions of cyclopropylamines with electron-rich and electron-neutral olefins. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3787-3795. [PMID: 35432885 PMCID: PMC8966714 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07044d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical addition to olefins is a common and useful chemical transformation. In the context of offering enantioenriched three-dimensional molecules via such a highly reactive process, chiral hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) catalysis has been widely used to provide enantiocontrol. The current strategies for operating H-bonding induction are confined to following that are prevalent in ionic-type manifolds. Here, we report a novel protocol towards electron-rich olefins based on converting these species from acting as H-bonding donors to acceptors. It facilitates the first development of asymmetric [3 + 2] photocycloadditions with cyclopropylamines. The method is also effective for electron-neutral olefins, in which the successful construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocentres from 1,1-diaryl ethylenes that feature two structurally similar aryl substituents demonstrates the versatility of this new chiral H-bonding catalytic strategy. Furthermore, the importance of the obtained six kinds of products in pharmaceuticals and asymmetric catalysis underscores the practicability of this work. Radical addition to olefins is a common and useful chemical transformation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan P. R. China 453007
| | - Shuangshuang Liang
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan P. R. China 475004
| | - Guangkuo Zeng
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan P. R. China 475004
| | - Hongchun Huang
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan P. R. China 475004
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan P. R. China 475004
| | - Shanshan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan P. R. China 453007
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan P. R. China 453007 .,International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan P. R. China 475004
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32
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Bouayad-Gervais S, Nielsen CDT, Turksoy A, Sperger T, Deckers K, Schoenebeck F. Access to Cyclic N-Trifluoromethyl Ureas through Photocatalytic Activation of Carbamoyl Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6100-6106. [PMID: 35333063 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the mild activation of carbamoyl azides to the corresponding nitrenes using a blue light/[Ir]-catalyzed strategy, which enables stereospecific access to N-trifluoromethyl imidazolidinones and benzimidazolones. These novel structural motifs proved to be highly robust, allowing their downstream diversification. On the basis of our combined computational and experimental studies, we propose that an electron rebound with the excited metal catalyst is undergone, involving a reduction-triggered nitrogen loss, followed by oxidation to the corresponding carbamoyl nitrene and subsequent C-H insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bouayad-Gervais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian D-T Nielsen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Abdurrahman Turksoy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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33
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Emelyanov MA, Lisov AA, Medvedev MG, Maleev VI, Larionov VA. Cobalt(III) Complexes as Bifunctional Hydrogen Bond Donor Catalysts Featuring Halide Anions for Cyclic Carbonate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature and Pressure: Mechanistic Insight. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Emelyanov
- A N Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS: Institut elementoorganiceskih soedinenij imeni A N Nesmeanova RAN LAC Vavilov Str. 28 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexey A. Lisov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University: Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni M V Lomonosova Chemistry Leninskie Gory 1/3 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Michael G. Medvedev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Chemistry Leninsky prospect 47 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Victor I. Maleev
- A N Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS: Institut elementoorganiceskih soedinenij imeni A N Nesmeanova RAN LAC Vavilov Str. 28 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Vladimir A. Larionov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis Vavilov Street 28 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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34
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Baburaj S, Valloli LK, Parthiban J, Garg D, Sivaguru J. Manipulating excited state reactivity and selectivity through hydrogen bonding - from solid state reactivity to Brønsted acid photocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1871-1880. [PMID: 35040836 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06128c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonding mediated control of photochemical reactions is highlighted with an eye towards the development of Brønsted acid mediated photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthy Baburaj
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43404, USA.
| | - Lakshmy Kannadi Valloli
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43404, USA.
| | - Jayachandran Parthiban
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43404, USA.
| | - Dipti Garg
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43404, USA.
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43404, USA.
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35
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Genzink MJ, Kidd JB, Swords WB, Yoon TP. Chiral Photocatalyst Structures in Asymmetric Photochemical Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1654-1716. [PMID: 34606251 PMCID: PMC8792375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis is a major theme of research in contemporary synthetic organic chemistry. The discovery of general strategies for highly enantioselective photochemical reactions, however, has been a relatively recent development, and the variety of photoreactions that can be conducted in a stereocontrolled manner is consequently somewhat limited. Asymmetric photocatalysis is complicated by the short lifetimes and high reactivities characteristic of photogenerated reactive intermediates; the design of catalyst architectures that can provide effective enantiodifferentiating environments for these intermediates while minimizing the participation of uncontrolled racemic background processes has proven to be a key challenge for progress in this field. This review provides a summary of the chiral catalyst structures that have been studied for solution-phase asymmetric photochemistry, including chiral organic sensitizers, inorganic chromophores, and soluble macromolecules. While some of these photocatalysts are derived from privileged catalyst structures that are effective for both ground-state and photochemical transformations, others are structural designs unique to photocatalysis and offer insight into the logic required for highly effective stereocontrolled photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Genzink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jesse B Kidd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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36
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Abstract
In recent years, visible light-induced transition metal catalysis has emerged as a new paradigm in organic photocatalysis, which has led to the discovery of unprecedented transformations as well as the improvement of known reactions. In this subfield of photocatalysis, a transition metal complex serves a double duty by harvesting photon energy and then enabling bond forming/breaking events mostly via a single catalytic cycle, thus contrasting the established dual photocatalysis in which an exogenous photosensitizer is employed. In addition, this approach often synergistically combines catalyst-substrate interaction with photoinduced process, a feature that is uncommon in conventional photoredox chemistry. This Review describes the early development and recent advances of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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37
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Mondal S, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Sibi MP, Bertrand MP, Nechab M. Enantioselective Radical Reactions Using Chiral Catalysts. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5842-5976. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Syamsundar College, Shyamsundar 713424, West Bengal, India
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Mukund P. Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Michèle P. Bertrand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Malek Nechab
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
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38
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Xu B, Shi X, Liu X, Cao H. Construction of Chiral Cyclic Compounds Enabled by Enantioselective Photocatalysis. Molecules 2022; 27:359. [PMID: 35056674 PMCID: PMC8778761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral cyclic molecules are some of the most important compounds in nature, and are widely used in the fields of drugs, materials, synthesis, etc. Enantioselective photocatalysis has become a powerful tool for organic synthesis of chiral cyclic molecules. Herein, this review summarized the research progress in the synthesis of chiral cyclic compounds by photocatalytic cycloaddition reaction in the past 5 years, and expounded the reaction conditions, characters, and corresponding proposed mechanism, hoping to guide and promote the development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiang Liu
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China; (B.X.); (X.S.)
| | - Hua Cao
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China; (B.X.); (X.S.)
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39
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Li SW, Gu CZ, Huang C, Zhao Z, Zhao J, Wu L. Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Indolizines to Unsatu-rated Ketones Catalyzed by Chiral-at-metal Complexes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective conjugate addition of indolizine and its analogues with α,β-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles have been developed. In the presence of 1.0 mol % of Δ-Rh1, the corresponding adducts were...
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40
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Rai P, Maji K, Jana SK, Maji B. Intermolecular dearomative [4 + 2] cycloaddition of naphthalenes via visible-light energy-transfer-catalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12503-12510. [PMID: 36349268 PMCID: PMC9628934 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04005k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dearomative cycloaddition reaction serves as a blueprint for creating sp3-rich three-dimensional molecular topology from flat-aromatic compounds. However, severe reactivity and selectivity issues make this process arduous. Herein, we describe visible-light energy-transfer catalysis for the intermolecular dearomative [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of feedstock naphthalene molecules with vinyl benzenes. Tolerating a wide range of functional groups, structurally diverse 2-acyl naphthalenes and styrenes could easily be converted to a diverse range of bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene scaffolds in high yields and moderate endo-selectivities. The late-stage modification of the derivatives of pharmaceutical agents further demonstrated the broad potentiality of this methodology. The efficacy of the introduced methods was further highlighted by the post-synthetic diversification of the products. Furthermore, photoluminescence, electrochemical, kinetic, control experiments, and density-functional theory calculations support energy-transfer catalysis. Constructing 3D molecular scaffolds from aromatic hydrocarbons is challenging. Herein, we report dearomative [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of naphthalenes via visible-light EnT catalysis which overcomes issues of unfavorable thermodynamics, low yields, and selectivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Rai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India
| | - Kakoli Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India
| | - Sayan K. Jana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India
| | - Biplab Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India
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41
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Farias G, Salla CAM, Toigo J, Duarte LGTA, Bortoluzzi AJ, Girotto E, Gallardo H, Atvars TDZ, de Souza B, Bechtold IH. Enhancing the phosphorescence decay pathway of Cu(I) emitters - the role of copper-iodide moiety. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1008-1018. [PMID: 34935838 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Speeding up the phosphorescence channel in luminescent copper(I) complexes has been extremely challenging due to the copper atoms relatively low spin-orbit coupling constant compared to heavier metals such as iridium. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of three mononuclear copper(I) complexes with diimines, triphenylphosphine, and iodide ligands to evaluate the effect of the copper-iodide (Cu-I) moiety into the phosphorescence decay pathway. Temperature-dependent photophysical studies revealed combined thermally activated delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence emission, with a phosphorescence decay rate of the order of 104 s-1. Density functional theory calculations indicate very high spin-orbit coupling matrix elements between the low-lying states of these complexes. Compared to the classical [Cu(phen)(POP)]+, our results demonstrate that Cu-I is a versatile moiety to speed up the phosphorescence decay pathway in about one order of magnitude, and it can be prepared by a simplified synthetic route with few synthetic steps. Furthermore, the SOC matrix elements and the phosphorescence decay rates of these complexes are comparable to those of extensively applied coordination complexes based on heavier metals, making them a promising alternative as active layers of organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giliandro Farias
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Cristian A M Salla
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Toigo
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Adailton J Bortoluzzi
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Edivandro Girotto
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Gallardo
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | | | - Bernardo de Souza
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Ivan H Bechtold
- Physics Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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42
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Reactivity and selectivity modulation within a molecular assembly: recent examples from photochemistry. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 21:719-737. [PMID: 34914081 PMCID: PMC9174329 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, photochemical reactions have emerged as powerful transformations which significantly expand the repertoire of organic synthesis. However, a certain lack of selectivity can hamper their application and limit their scope. In this context, a major research effort continues to focus on an improved control over stereo- and chemoselectivity that can be achieved in molecular assemblies between photosubstrates and an appropriate host molecule. In this tutorial review, some recent, representative examples of photochemical reactions have been collected whose unique outcome is dictated by the formation of a molecular assembly driven by non-covalent weak interactions.
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Li Q, Shi C, Huang M, Wu C, Wang H, Wu H, Zheng Y, Yang C, Yuan A. Three Types of Charged Ligands Based Carboxyl-Containing Iridium(III) Complexes: Structures, Photophysics, and Solution Processed OLED Application. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17699-17704. [PMID: 34739254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel family of three types of charged (0, -1, -2) ligands based phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes with different carboxyl-containing dianionic (-2) ligands have been synthesized. Their single-crystal structures show that all neutral complexes (Ir1, Ir2, and Ir3) show a trans-N^N configuration between dianionic (-2) and monoanionic (-1) ligands, which is in contrast with the trans-N^C configuration in cationic complex Ir4, which has an interesting hydrogen bond in the solid state. Notably, Ir4 shows higher luminescence efficiency and an obvious blue shift emission relative to those in Ir1, Ir2, and Ir3. DFT calculations demonstrate that all neutral complexes (Ir1, Ir2, and Ir3) exhibit ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) excited state character from the dianionic (-2) ligand to the neutral (0) ligand, which are completely different from the cationic complex Ir4 that exhibits an LLCT excited state from the monoanionic (-1) ligand to the neutral (0) ligand. Considering better solubility, Ir1 was eventually used in solution-processed OLED and achieved moderate efficiency (6.6%, 14.3 cd A-1, 2.8 lm W-1) with an orange light displaying CIEx,y coordinates of (0.53, 0.46). This work provides a new strategy to construct three types of charged (0, -1, -2) ligands based phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes and extends the range of iridium complex luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Manli Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhen Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
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Dey P, Rai P, Maji B. Recent Development of Bis-Cyclometalated Chiral-at-Iridium and Rhodium Complexes for Asymmetric Catalysis. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2021; 2:99-125. [PMID: 36855455 PMCID: PMC9954445 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The field of asymmetric catalysis has been developing to access synthetically efficacious chiral molecules from the last century. Although there are many sustainable ways to produce nonracemic molecules, simplified and unique methodologies are always appreciated. In the recent developments of asymmetric catalysis, chiral-at-metal Lewis acid catalysis has been recognized as an attractive strategy. The catalysts coordinatively activate a substrate while serving the sole source of chirality by virtue of its helical environment. These configurationally stable complexes were utilized in a large number of asymmetric transformations, ranging from asymmetric Lewis acid catalysis to photoredox and electrocatalysis. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the current advancements in asymmetric catalysis utilizing iridium and rhodium-based chiral-at-metal complexes as catalysts. First, the asymmetric transformations via LUMO and HOMO activation assisted by a chiral Lewis acid catalyst are reviewed. In the second part, visible-light-induced asymmetric catalysis is summarized. The asymmetric transformation via the electricity-driven method is discussed in the final section.
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Enantioselective synthesis of heterocyclic compounds using photochemical reactions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1657-1674. [PMID: 34822126 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Different methods for the direct enantioselective photochemical synthesis of heterocycles are presented. Currently, asymmetric catalysis with templates involving hydrogen bonds or metal complexes is intensively investigated. Enzyme catalysis can be simplified under photochemical conditions. For example, in multi enzyme systems, one or more enzyme catalytic steps can be replaced by simple photochemical reactions. Chiral induction in photochemical reactions performed with homochiral crystals is highly efficient. Such reactions can also be carried out with crystalline inclusion complexes. Inclusion of a photochemical substrate and an enantiopure compound in zeolites also leads to enantioselective compounds. In all these methods, the conformational mobility of the photochemical substrates is reduced or controlled. Memory of chirality is a particular case in which a chiral information is temporally lost but the rigid conformations stabilize the molecular structure which leads to the formation of enantiopure compounds. Such studies allows a profound understanding on how particular conformations determine the configuration of the final products.Graphical abstract.
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Lyu J, Leone M, Claraz A, Allain C, Neuville L, Masson G. Syntheses of new chiral chimeric photo-organocatalysts. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36663-36669. [PMID: 35494356 PMCID: PMC9043406 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06885g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new family of chiral chimeric photo-organocatalysts derived from phosphoric acid were synthesized and their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties were investigated. Then, the ability of these photo-activable molecules to catalyse an asymmetric tandem electrophilic β-amination of enecarbamates was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyaun Lyu
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Matteo Leone
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Aurélie Claraz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Clémence Allain
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay 1 Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
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Beliaeva M, Belyaev A, Grachova EV, Steffen A, Koshevoy IO. Ditopic Phosphide Oxide Group: A Rigidifying Lewis Base to Switch Luminescence and Reactivity of a Disilver Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15045-15055. [PMID: 34491736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterodentate phosphines containing anionic organophosphorus groups remain virtually unexplored ligands in the coordination chemistry of coinage metals. A hybrid phosphine-phosphine oxide (o-Ph2PC6H4)2P(O)H (HP3O) readily forms the disilver complex [Ag2(P3O)2] (1) upon deprotonation of the (O)P-H fragment. Due to the electron-rich nature, the anionic phosphide oxide unit in 1 takes part in efficient intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which has an unusual and remarkably strong impact on the photoluminescence of 1, changing the emission from red (644 nm) to green-yellow (539 nm) in the solid. The basicity of the R2(O)P- group and its affinity for both inter- and intramolecular donor-acceptor interactions allow converting 1 into hydrohalogenated (2, 3) and boronated (4) derivatives, which reveal a gradual hypsochromic shift of luminescence, reaching the wavelength of 489 nm. Systematic variable-temperature analysis of the excited state properties suggests that thermally activated delayed fluorescence is involved in the emission process. The long-lived excited states for 1-4, the energy of which is largely regulated by means of the phosphide oxide unit, are potentially suitable for triplet energy transfer photocatalysis. With the highest T1 energy among 1-4, complex 4 demonstrates excellent photocatalytic activity in a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction, which has been realized for the first time for silver(I) compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Beliaeva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elena V Grachova
- Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Igor O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
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Emelyanov MA, Stoletova NV, Smol'yakov AF, Il'in MM, Maleev VI, Larionov VA. Synthesis and a Catalytic Study of Diastereomeric Cationic Chiral-at-Cobalt Complexes Based on ( R, R)-1,2-Diphenylethylenediamine. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13960-13967. [PMID: 34449202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the first synthesis of two diastereomeric cationic octahedral Co(III) complexes based on commercially available (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine and salicylaldehyde. Both diastereoisomers with opposite chiralities at the metal center (Λ and Δ configurations) were prepared. The new Co(III) complexes possessed both acidic hydrogen-bond donating (HBD) NH moieties and nucleophilic counteranions and operate as bifunctional chiral catalysts for the challenging kinetic resolution of terminal and disubstituted epoxides by the reaction with CO2 under mild conditions. The highest selectivity factor (s) of 2.8 for the trans-chalcone epoxide was achieved at low catalyst loading (2 mol %) in chlorobenzene, which is the best achieved result currently for this type of substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Emelyanov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda V Stoletova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander F Smol'yakov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail M Il'in
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor I Maleev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Larionov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Larionov VA, Feringa BL, Belokon YN. Enantioselective "organocatalysis in disguise" by the ligand sphere of chiral metal-templated complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9715-9740. [PMID: 34259242 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00806k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis holds a prominent position among the important developments in chemistry during the 20th century. This was acknowledged by the 2001 Nobel Prize in chemistry awarded to Knowles, Noyori, and Sharpless for their development of chiral metal catalysts for organic transformations. The key feature of the catalysts was the crucial role of the chiral ligand and the nature of the metal ions, which promoted the catalytic conversions of the substrates via direct coordination. Subsequently the development of asymmetric organic catalysis opened new avenues to the synthesis of enantiopure compounds, avoiding any use of metal ions. Recently, an alternative approach to asymmetric catalysis emerged that relied on the catalytic functions of the ligands themselves boosted by coordination to metal ions. In other words, in these hybrid chiral catalysts the substrates are activated not by the metal ions but by the ligands. The activation and enantioselective control occurred via well-orchestrated and custom-tailored non-covalent interactions of the substrates with the ligand sphere of chiral metal complexes. In these metal-templated catalysts, the metal served either as a template (a purely structural role), or it constituted the exclusive source of chirality (metal-centred chirality due to the spatial arrangement of achiral or chiral bi-/tridentate ligands around an octahedral metal centre), and/or it increased the Brønsted acidity of the ligands. Although the field is still in its infancy, it represents an inspiring combination of both metal and organic catalysis and holds major unexplored potential to push the frontiers of asymmetric catalysis. Here we present an overview of this emerging field discussing the principles, applications and perspectives on the catalytic use of chiral metal complexes that operate as "organocatalysts in disguise". It has been demonstrated that these chiral metal complexes are efficient and provide high stereoselective control in asymmetric hydrogen bonding catalysis, phase-transfer catalysis, Brønsted acid/base catalysis, enamine catalysis, nucleophilic catalysis, and photocatalysis as well as bifunctional catalysis. Also, many of the catalysts have been identified as highly effective catalysts at remarkably low catalyst loadings. These hybrid systems offer many opportunities in the synthesis of chiral compounds and represent promising alternatives to metal-based and organocatalytic asymmetric transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Larionov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Jung H, Hong M, Marchini M, Villa M, Steinlandt PS, Huang X, Hemming M, Meggers E, Ceroni P, Park J, Baik MH. Understanding the mechanism of direct visible-light-activated [2 + 2] cycloadditions mediated by Rh and Ir photocatalysts: combined computational and spectroscopic studies. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9673-9681. [PMID: 34349938 PMCID: PMC8293808 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02745j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of [2 + 2] cycloadditions activated by visible light and catalyzed by bis-cyclometalated Rh(iii) and Ir(iii) photocatalysts was investigated, combining density functional theory calculations and spectroscopic techniques. Experimental observations show that the Rh-based photocatalyst produces excellent yield and enantioselectivity whereas the Ir-photocatalyst yields racemates. Two different mechanistic features were found to compete with each other, namely the direct photoactivation of the catalyst-substrate complex and outer-sphere triplet energy transfer. Our integrated analysis suggests that the direct photocatalysis is the inner working of the Rh-catalyzed reaction, whereas the Ir catalyst serves as a triplet sensitizer that activates cycloaddition via an outer-sphere triplet excited state energy transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mannkyu Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Marianna Marchini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Villa
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Philipp S Steinlandt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Marcel Hemming
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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