1
|
Meena R, Shekhar S, Ansari SB, Tiwari A, Lal J, Reddy DN. Metal-free sp 2 -C7-H Borylation of Tryptophan Containing Peptides and Late-stage Modification. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300638. [PMID: 37847482 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of milder and robust strategies to enable the introduction of organoboronates in peptides remains conspicuously underdeveloped. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient method for the site-selective sp2 -C7-H borylation of tryptophan under metal-free condition using BBr3 directed by pivaloyl group. The versatility of this approach is that gram scale synthesis and C7-borylated N-Phth-Trp(N-Piv)(C7-BPin)-OMe was modified into various C7-substituted derivatives. Moreover, the strategy enables for the peptide elongation and late-stage borylation of peptides, natural product Brevianamide F and drug Oglufanide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Meena
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
| | - Shabina B Ansari
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
| | - Ashwani Tiwari
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
| | - Jhajan Lal
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
| | - Damodara N Reddy
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
P. R, Saif Ali M, Ghosh S, Babu Tatina M. Total Synthesis of
Streptococcus suis
Serotype 8 Capsular Polysaccharide Repeating Unit. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh P.
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 202002 Ghaziabad India
| | - Mohammad Saif Ali
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
| | - Subhash Ghosh
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 202002 Ghaziabad India
| | - Madhu Babu Tatina
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 202002 Ghaziabad India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alvi S, Jayant V, Ali R. Applications of Oxone® in Organic Synthesis: An Emerging Green Reagent of Modern Era. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Alvi
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Vikrant Jayant
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla New Delhi 110025 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bosko C, Vannam R, Peczuh MW. Synthesis of ring-expanded homologs of 3-amino pyranosides. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
5
|
Santana AG, Herrera AJ, González CC. Intramolecular Metal-Free C(sp 3)-H Activation Enables a Selective Mono O-Debenzylation of Fully Protected Aminosugars. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16736-16752. [PMID: 34807601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbamate-bearing benzylated aminosugars undergo an I2/I(III)-promoted intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer (IHAT) followed by a nucleophilic attack to provide polycyclic structures. Thus, suitably positioned benzyl ethers are surgically oxidized into the corresponding mixed N/O-benzylidene acetals, which can be conveniently deprotected under mild acidic conditions to grant access to selectively O-deprotected aminosugars amenable for further derivatization. The scope of this strategy has been proven with a series of furanosic and pyranosic scaffolds. Preliminary mechanistic studies, including Hammett LFER and KIE analyses, support a reaction pathway with nucleophilic cyclization as the rate-determining step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés G Santana
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio J Herrera
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Concepción C González
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goel B, Tripathi N, Mukherjee D, Jain SK. Glycorandomization: A promising diversification strategy for the drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113156. [PMID: 33460832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycorandomization is a natural product derivatization strategy in which different sugar moieties are linked to the aglycone part of the naturally existing glycosides to create glycorandomized libraries. Sugars attached to the natural products are responsible for affecting their solubility, mechanism of action, target recognition, and toxicity and thus, by changing the sugar part, these properties could be modified. Glycorandomization can be done via two approaches (i) a synthetic approach known as neoglycorandomization, and (ii) chemoenzymatic approach including in-vitro and in-vivo glycorandomization. Glycorandomization can be a promising technology for the drug discovery that has proved its potential to improve pharmacokinetic (solubility) and pharmacodynamic profile (mechanism of action, toxicity, and target recognition) of the parent compounds. The substrate flexibility of glycosyltransferases and other enzymes towards sugars and/or aglycone substrates has made this technique versatile. Further, the enzymes can be altered by genetic engineering to generate glycorandomized libraries of diverse natural product scaffolds. This technique has the potential to produce new compounds that can be helpful to the mankind by treating the threatening disease states. This review covers the different strategies for glycorandomization as a tool in drug discovery and development. The fundamentals of glycorandomization, different types, and further development of differentially glycorandomized libraries of natural products and small molecule based drugs have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nancy Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baráth M, Jakubčinová J, Konyariková Z, Kozmon S, Mikušová K, Bella M. Synthesis, docking study and biological evaluation of ᴅ-fructofuranosyl and ᴅ-tagatofuranosyl sulfones as potential inhibitors of the mycobacterial galactan synthesis targeting the galactofuranosyltransferase GlfT2. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1853-1862. [PMID: 32802202 PMCID: PMC7404141 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of ten novel ᴅ-fructofuranosyl and ᴅ-tagatofuranosyl sulfones bearing a 1-O-phosphono moiety and three different substituents at C-2 has been prepared. Due to the structural similarities of these scaffolds to the native substrate of mycobacterial galactofuranosyltransferase GlfT2 in the transition state, we evaluated these compounds by computational methods, as well as in an enzyme assay for the possible inhibition of the mycobacterial galactan biosynthesis. Our data show that despite favorable docking scores to the active site of GlfT2, none of these compounds serve as efficient inhibitors of the enzymes involved in the mycobacterial galactan biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Baráth
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jakubčinová
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Konyariková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Kozmon
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Mikušová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maroš Bella
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chang CW, Lin MH, Wu CH, Chiang TY, Wang CC. Mapping Mechanisms in Glycosylation Reactions with Donor Reactivity: Avoiding Generation of Side Products. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15945-15963. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Yi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of the unusual bicyclic sugar bradyrhizose in 14 steps and a 6% overall yield from d-glucose. The synthesis involves the elaboration of a trans-fused carbocyclic ring onto the preexisting glucopyranose framework followed by adjustment of the oxidation levels. Key steps include radical extension of the glucopyranose side chain, ring closing metathesis, allylic oxidation, Luche reduction, hydroxy-directed epoxidation, and acid-catalyzed epoxide opening at the more substituted position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philemon Ngoje
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , University of Georgia , 250 West Green Street , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , University of Georgia , 250 West Green Street , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , 140 Cedar Street , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , 315 Riverbend Road , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Subedi YP, AlFindee MN, Takemoto JY, Chang CWT. Antifungal amphiphilic kanamycins: new life for an old drug. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:909-919. [PMID: 30108980 PMCID: PMC6071784 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Classical aminoglycoside antibiotics are obsolete or hampered by the emergence of drug resistant bacteria. Recent discoveries of antifungal amphiphilic kanamycins offer new strategies for reviving and repurposing these old drugs. A simple structural modification turns the clinically obsolete antibacterial kanamycin into an antifungal agent. Structure-activity relationship studies have led to the production of K20, an antifungal kanamycin that can be mass-produced for uses in agriculture as well as in animals. This review delineates the path to the discovery of K20 and other related antifungal amphiphilic kanamycins, determination of its mode of action, and findings in greenhouse and field trials with K20 that could lead to crop disease protection strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yagya Prasad Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , USA .
| | - Madher N AlFindee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , USA .
| | - Jon Y Takemoto
- Department of Biology , Utah State University , 5305 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-5305 , USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Tom Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thamban Chandrika N, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Comprehensive review of chemical strategies for the preparation of new aminoglycosides and their biological activities. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1189-1249. [PMID: 29296992 PMCID: PMC5818290 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic analysis of all synthetic and chemoenzymatic methodologies for the preparation of aminoglycosides for a variety of applications (therapeutic and agricultural) reported in the scientific literature up to 2017 is presented. This comprehensive analysis of derivatization/generation of novel aminoglycosides and their conjugates is divided based on the types of modifications used to make the new derivatives. Both the chemical strategies utilized and the biological results observed are covered. Structure-activity relationships based on different synthetic modifications along with their implications for activity and ability to avoid resistance against different microorganisms are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maurya SK, Rana R. An eco-compatible strategy for the diversity-oriented synthesis of macrocycles exploiting carbohydrate-derived building blocks. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1106-1118. [PMID: 28684990 PMCID: PMC5480360 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient, eco-compatible diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) approach for the generation of library of sugar embedded macrocyclic compounds with various ring size containing 1,2,3-triazole has been developed. This concise strategy involves the iterative use of readily available sugar-derived alkyne/azide-alkene building blocks coupled through copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction followed by pairing of the linear cyclo-adduct using greener reaction conditions. The eco-compatibility, mild reaction conditions, greener solvents, easy purification and avoidance of hazards and toxic solvents are advantages of this protocol to access this important structural class. The diversity of the macrocycles synthesized (in total we have synthesized 13 macrocycles) using a set of standard reaction protocols demonstrate the potential of the new eco-compatible approach for the macrocyclic library generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Maurya
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India
| | - Rohit Rana
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stereoselective synthesis of d -galactal-derived N -ethoxycarbonyl aziridine, as a new, improved synthetic protocol to glycal-derived N -activated vinyl aziridines. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
14
|
Jia XG, Pornsuriyasak P, Demchenko AV. Templated Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Driving Forces and Mechanistic Aspects. J Org Chem 2016; 81:12232-12246. [PMID: 27978734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously communicated that high α-selectivity that can be achieved in intramolecular glycosylations using a rigid bisphenol A template supplemented with linkers of various lengths. Herein, we present our investigation of the mechanistic aspects of the templated synthesis that helped to design an improved template-linker combination. We demonstrate that bisphenol A as the template in combination with phthaloyl linker allows for superior stereoselectivity and yields in glycosylations. Several mechanistic studies explore origins of the enhanced stereoselectivity and yields achieved using the phthaloyl linker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao G Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis , One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Papapida Pornsuriyasak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis , One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis , One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Si D, Peczuh MW. Synthesis and structure of a carbohydrate-fused [15]-macrodilactone. Carbohydr Res 2016; 434:113-120. [PMID: 27639337 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and structural characterization of a new α-d-glucose fused [15]-macrodilactone is reported. The macrolide was synthesized by a route involving sequential acylations of glucose at the C4' and C6' hydroxyl groups followed by an intramolecular Stille reaction previously established for other [15]-macrodilactones. Analysis of the X-ray crystallographic structure of the macrolide revealed a unique conformation of this macrocycle that differs from earlier models for [13]- and [15]-macrodilactones. Organizing the three planar units and the pyranose moiety into a macrocyclic ring resulted in a cup-shaped structure with planar chirality. Further, the gt conformation of the exocyclic hydroxymethyl group in the glucose unit was found to be crucial for controlling the planar chirality and, hence, governing the molecular shape and overall topology of the compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Si
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, U3060, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mark W Peczuh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, U3060, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chandrika NT, Garneau-Tsodikova S. A review of patents (2011-2015) towards combating resistance to and toxicity of aminoglycosides. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015; 7:50-68. [PMID: 27019689 PMCID: PMC4806794 DOI: 10.1039/c5md00453e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first aminoglycoside (AG), streptomycin, in 1943, these broad-spectrum antibiotics have been extensively used for the treatment of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections. The inherent toxicity (ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity) associated with their long-term use as well as the emergence of resistant bacterial strains have limited their usage. Structural modifications of AGs by AG-modifying enzymes, reduced target affinity caused by ribosomal modification, and decrease in their cellular concentration by efflux pumps have resulted in resistance towards AGs. However, the last decade has seen a renewed interest among the scientific community for AGs as exemplified by the recent influx of scientific articles and patents on their therapeutic use. In this review, we use a non-conventional approach to put forth this renaissance on AG development/application by summarizing all patents filed on AGs from 2011-2015 and highlighting some related publications on the most recent work done on AGs to overcome resistance and improving their therapeutic use while reducing ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. We also present work towards developing amphiphilic AGs for use as fungicides as well as that towards repurposing existing AGs for potential newer applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Matsushita T, Chen W, Juskeviciene R, Teo Y, Shcherbakov D, Vasella A, Böttger EC, Crich D. Influence of 4'-O-Glycoside Constitution and Configuration on Ribosomal Selectivity of Paromomycin. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7706-17. [PMID: 26024064 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of 20 4'-O-glycosides of the aminoglycoside antibiotic paromomycin were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit protein synthesis by bacterial, mitochondrial and cytosolic ribosomes. Target selectivity, i.e., inhibition of the bacterial ribosome over eukaryotic mitochondrial and cytosolic ribosomes, which is predictive of antibacterial activity with reduced ototoxicity and systemic toxicity, was greater for the equatorial than for the axial pyranosides, and greater for the d-pentopyranosides than for the l-pentopyranosides and d-hexopyranosides. In particular, 4'-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl paromomycin shows antibacterioribosomal activity comparable to that of paromomycin, but is significantly more selective showing considerably reduced affinity for the cytosolic ribosome and for the A1555G mutant mitochondrial ribosome associated with hypersusceptibility to drug-induced ototoxicity. Compound antibacterioribosomal activity correlates with antibacterial activity, and the ribosomally more active compounds show activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The paromomycin glycosides retain activity against clinical strains of MRSA that are resistant to paromomycin, which is demonstrated to be a consequence of 4'-O-glycosylation blocking the action of 4'-aminoglycoside nucleotidyl transferases by the use of recombinant E. coli carrying the specific resistance determinant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Matsushita
- †Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Weiwei Chen
- †Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Reda Juskeviciene
- ‡Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Youjin Teo
- ‡Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Shcherbakov
- ‡Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Vasella
- §Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erik C Böttger
- ‡Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Crich
- †Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Briegel AC, Cummings AK, Smith GR, Doroski MD, Boyko WJ, Piro NA, Kassel WS, Giuliano RM. Synthesis of lemonose derivatives: methyl 4-amino-3-O,4-N-carbonyl-2,4,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-α-l-lyxo-pyranoside and its phenyl thioglycoside. Carbohydr Res 2015; 409:63-8. [PMID: 25957213 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lemonose is a component of the antibiotic lemonomycin and other antibiotics and natural products. Three routes to the synthesis of the title compound, a protected, desmethyl derivative of lemonose, from l-rhamnose or its glycal, were investigated based on electrophilic cyclization, epoxidation-ring opening, and deoxygenation of an intermediate that was used in the synthesis of the amino sugar callipeltose. The deoxygenation route was successful and it provided the title compound, which was then converted to a phenyl thioglycoside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C Briegel
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Adrienne K Cummings
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Garry R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Matthew D Doroski
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Walter J Boyko
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Nicholas A Piro
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - W Scott Kassel
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Robert M Giuliano
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Buda S, Nawój M, Gołębiowska P, Dyduch K, Michalak A, Mlynarski J. Application of 2-Substituted Benzyl Groups in Stereoselective Glycosylation. J Org Chem 2015; 80:770-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502186f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Buda
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosław Nawój
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Gołębiowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karol Dyduch
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Michalak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Konda S, Rao P, Oruganti S. Click chemistry route to tricyclic monosaccharide triazole hybrids: design and synthesis of substituted hexahydro-4H-pyrano[2,3-f][1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-c][1,4]oxazepines. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A click chemistry approach to novel tricyclic monosaccharide triazole hybrids from an intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 6-azido-4-O-propargyl glycopyranosides has been reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saidulu Konda
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Pallavi Rao
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinivas Oruganti
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The attachment of alkyl and other hydrophobic groups to traditional antibacterial kanamycins and neomycins creates amphiphilic aminoglycosides with altered antimicrobial properties. In this review, we summarize the discovery of amphiphilic kanamycins that are antifungal, but not antibacterial, and that inhibit the growth of fungi by perturbation of plasma membrane functions. With low toxicities against plant and mammalian cells, they appear to specifically target the fungal plasma membrane. These new antifungal agents offer new options for fighting fungal pathogens and are examples of reviving old drugs to confront new therapeutic challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C-W T Chang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300 U.S.A
| | - J Y Takemoto
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-5305 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing macrocyclic compounds (amines, amides, and N-heterocyclic derivatives) are important targets in supramolecular chemistry. This chapter discusses the importance of aza-macrocycles in general and, in particular, those receptors containing sugar unit(s). The combination of a carbohydrate scaffold bearing nitrogen-containing functional groups in macrocyclic molecules opens a convenient route to chiral receptors having potentially useful properties. The carbohydrate-based macrocycles discussed are classified into several general groups: (1) aza-crown ethers containing a carbohydrate subunit, (2) cyclic homooligomers from amino sugars, (3) sugar-based cryptands, (4) cyclic peptides containing amino sugar units (including C2- and C3-symmetrical macrocyclic glycopeptides), (5) nitrogen- containing glycophanes, and (6) 1,2,3-triazoles containing synthetic cyclodextrin analogues. The general strategies employed, as well as specific ones leading to such complex derivatives, are surveyed. Applications of such carbohydrate receptors, pointing to their importance as hosts in supramolecular chemistry, are discussed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Investigation of antibacterial mode of action for traditional and amphiphilic aminoglycosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1671-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
25
|
Lin KI, Chiang LW, Pan CT, Huang HL, Su YH, Chen ST, Huang YC, Yu CS. 6-Azido-Galactosyl Imidate as a Building Block for Preparation of 1-(4-Aminobutyl)-, Di-, Tri- and Tetra-Saccharides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmc.2013.33010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Keeling KM, Wang D, Conard SE, Bedwell DM. Suppression of premature termination codons as a therapeutic approach. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 47:444-63. [PMID: 22672057 PMCID: PMC3432268 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2012.694846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe our current understanding of translation termination and pharmacological agents that influence the accuracy of this process. A number of drugs have been identified that induce suppression of translation termination at in-frame premature termination codons (PTCs; also known as nonsense mutations) in mammalian cells. We discuss efforts to utilize these drugs to suppress disease-causing PTCs that result in the loss of protein expression and function. In-frame PTCs represent a genotypic subset of mutations that make up ~11% of all known mutations that cause genetic diseases, and millions of patients have diseases attributable to PTCs. Current approaches aimed at reducing the efficiency of translation termination at PTCs (referred to as PTC suppression therapy) have the goal of alleviating the phenotypic consequences of a wide range of genetic diseases. Suppression therapy is currently in clinical trials for treatment of several genetic diseases caused by PTCs, and preliminary results suggest that some patients have shown clinical improvements. While current progress is promising, we discuss various approaches that may further enhance the efficiency of this novel therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. Keeling
- Dept. of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Dept. of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sara E. Conard
- Dept. of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David M. Bedwell
- Dept. of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee HLR, Dougherty JP. Pharmaceutical therapies to recode nonsense mutations in inherited diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 136:227-66. [PMID: 22820013 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonsense codons, generated from nonsense mutations or frameshifts, contribute significantly to the spectrum of inherited human diseases such as cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, spinal muscular atrophy, and many forms of cancer. The presence of a mutant nonsense codon results in premature termination to preclude the synthesis of a full-length protein and leads to aberrations in gene expression. Suppression therapy to recode a premature termination codon with an amino acid allowing readthrough to rescue the production of a full-length protein presents a promising strategy for treatment of patients suffering from debilitating nonsense-mediated disorders. Suppression therapy using aminoglycosides to promote readthrough in vitro have been known since the sixties. Recent progress in the field of recoding via pharmaceuticals has led to the continuous discovery and development of several pharmacological agents with nonsense suppression activities. Here, we review the mechanisms that are involved in discriminating normal versus premature termination codons, the factors involved in readthrough efficiency, the epidemiology of several well-known nonsense-mediated diseases, and the various pharmacological agents (aminoglycoside and non-aminoglycoside compounds) that are currently being employed in nonsense suppression therapy studies. We also discuss how these therapeutic agents can be used to regulate gene expression for gene therapy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Rose Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology, and Immunology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kumar A, Geng Y, Schmidt RR. Silicon Fluorides for Acid-Base Catalysis in Glycosidations. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
Chan KY, Zhang J, Chang CWT. Mode of action investigation for the antibacterial cationic anthraquinone analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6353-6. [PMID: 21937226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reported previously by our group, we have developed a novel class of antibacterial cationic anthraquinone analogs with superb potency (MIC <1μg/mL) against Gram positive (G+) pathogens including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, most of these compounds only manifest modest antibacterial activity against Gram negative (G-) bacteria. Further investigation on the antibacterial mode of action using fluorogenic dyes reveals that these compounds exert two different modes of action that account for the difference in their antibacterial profile. It was found that most of the compounds exert their antibacterial activity by disrupting the redox processes of bacteria. At high concentration, these compounds can also act as membrane disrupting agents. This information can help to design new therapeutics against various bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yee Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 0300, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Milhomme O, John C, Djedaïni-Pilard F, Grandjean C. Access to antigens related to anthrose using pivotal cyclic sulfite/sulfate intermediates. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5985-98. [PMID: 21678952 DOI: 10.1021/jo200340q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthrose is the upstream terminal unit of the tetrasaccharide side chain from a major glycoprotein of Bacillus anthracis exosporium and is part of important antigenic determinants. A novel entry to anthrose-containing antigens and precursors is described. The synthetic route, starting from D(+)-fucose, makes use of intermediates featuring a cyclic sulfite or sulfate function which serves successively as a protecting and a leaving group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Milhomme
- Laboratoire des Glucides, UMR CNRS 6219, Institut de Chimie de Picardie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Reactions of several monosaccharide-derived alcohols with p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide and DBU. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
33
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, Fax: +353‐91‐525700
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dhénin SGY, Moreau V, Nevers MC, Créminon C, Djedaïni-Pilard F. Sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassays for antigenic trisaccharide from Bacillus anthracis spores. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:5184-99. [PMID: 20024115 DOI: 10.1039/b914534f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward synthesis of an anthrose-containing trisaccharide derived from Bacillus anthracis was achieved. Antibodies raised against this hapten provide a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay with a detection limit of 8.5 pmol mL(-1). By investigating the specificity of the antibodies obtained using different mono-, di- and trisaccharide synthetic analogues, we demonstrated that the epitope was mainly made up of the methyl group at C-5, the butamido group at C-4 and the hydroxyl at C-3 of the anthrose unit, the other parts of the trisaccharide appearing little involved in the recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine G Y Dhénin
- Laboratoire des Glucides, UMR-CNRS 6219, Institut de Chimie de Picardie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue St Leu, F-80039, Amiens, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Setny P, Trylska J. Search for novel aminoglycosides by combining fragment-based virtual screening and 3D-QSAR scoring. J Chem Inf Model 2009; 49:390-400. [PMID: 19434840 DOI: 10.1021/ci800361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are antibiotics targeting the 16S RNA A site of the bacterial ribosome. There have been many efforts directed toward design of their synthetic derivatives, however with only few successes. As RNA binders, aminoglycosides are also a difficult target for computational drug design, since most of the existing methods were developed for protein ligands. Here, we present an approach that allows for evading the problems related to still poorly developed RNA docking and scoring algorithms. It is aimed at identification of new molecular scaffolds potentially binding to the A site. The considered molecules are based on the neamine core, which is common for all aminoglycosides and provides specificity toward the binding site, linked with diverse molecular fragments via its O5 or O6 oxygen atom. Suitable fragments are selected with the use of 3D searches of molecular fragments library against two distinct pharmacophores designed on the basis of available structural data for aminoglycoside-RNA complexes. The compounds resulting from fragments assembly with neamine are then scored with a 3D-QSAR model developed using the biological data for known aminoglycoside derivatives. Twenty-one new potential ligands are obtained, four of which have predicted activities comparable to less potent aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Setny
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling and Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-089, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Park J, Boltje TJ, Boons GJ. Direct and stereoselective synthesis of alpha-linked 2-deoxyglycosides. Org Lett 2008; 10:4367-70. [PMID: 18763796 DOI: 10.1021/ol801833n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Linked 2-deoxyglycosides were conveniently obtained by employing a glycosyl donor having a participating ( S)-(phenylthiomethyl)benzyl moiety at C-6, whereas 2,6-dideoxy-alpha-glycosides could be prepared by BF 3.Et 2O-promoted activation of allyl glycosyl donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Park
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kren V, Rezanka T. Sweet antibiotics - the role of glycosidic residues in antibiotic and antitumor activity and their randomization. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2008; 32:858-89. [PMID: 18647177 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of antibiotics are glycosides. In numerous cases the glycosidic residues are crucial to their activity; sometimes, glycosylation only improves their pharmacokinetic parameters. Recent developments in molecular glycobiology have improved our understanding of aglycone vs. glycoside activities and made it possible to develop new, more active or more effective glycodrugs based on these findings - a very illustrative recent example is vancomycin. The majority of attention has been devoted to glycosidic antibiotics including their past, present, and probably future position in antimicrobial therapy. The role of the glycosidic residue in the biological activity of glycosidic antibiotics, and the attendant targeting and antibiotic selectivity mediated by glycone and aglycone in antibiotics some antitumor agents is discussed here in detail. Chemical and enzymatic modifications of aglycones in antibiotics, including their synthesis, are demonstrated on various examples, with particular emphasis on the role of specific and mutant glycosyltransferases and glycorandomization in the preparation of these compounds. The last section of this review describes and explains the interactions of the glycone moiety of the antibiotics with DNA and especially the design and structure-activity relationship of glycosidic antibiotics, including their classification based on their aglycone and glycosidic moiety. The new enzymatic methodology 'glycorandomization' enabled the preparation of glycoside libraries and opened up new ways to prepare optimized or entirely novel glycoside antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Kren
- Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gupta P, Kumari N, Agarwal A, Vankar YD. HClO4·SiO2 catalysed synthesis of alkyl 3-deoxy-hex-2-enopyranosides from 2-hydroxy glucal ester: application in the synthesis of a cis-fused bicyclic ether and a 4-amino-C-glucoside. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3948-56. [DOI: 10.1039/b810654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
39
|
Abe H, Harayama T, Arai M, Nishioka K, Kida T, Shioe K, Takeuchi Y. Synthesis of Highly Oxygenated Biphenyl Derivative in an Optically Active Form through Palladium-Mediated Intramolecular Biaryl Coupling Reaction. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(n)8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
40
|
Xu XH, Trunkfield AE, Bugg TDH, Qing FL. Synthesis of gem-difluorinated nucleoside analogues of the liposidomycins and evaluation as MraY inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:157-61. [DOI: 10.1039/b713068f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
41
|
Li J, Chiang FI, Chen HN, Chang CWT. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of pyranmycin derivatives with N-1 and O-6 modifications. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7711-9. [PMID: 17870543 PMCID: PMC2692305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Revised: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Continuing from our ongoing effort in modifying aminoglycoside antibiotics with the goal of counteracting drug resistant bacteria, we have further derivatized pyranmycin, a neomycin class aminoglycoside antibiotic, with modifications at O-6 and N-1 positions. The revealed SAR results demonstrated that the antibacterial activity of pyranmycin can be modulated by different acylic substituents at O-6. Among these results, the 6-O-aminoethyl derivative, JT050, showed effective activity against resistant strain Escherichia coli (pTZ19U-3) and E. coli (pSF815), which provides insight into further structural modifications.
Collapse
|
42
|
Deng S, Gangadharmath U, Chang CWT. Sonochemistry: a powerful way of enhancing the efficiency of carbohydrate synthesis. J Org Chem 2007; 71:5179-85. [PMID: 16808504 DOI: 10.1021/jo060374w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using sonication as a means of facilitating organic reactions in carbohydrate chemistry was explored under the conditions used for traditional organic synthesis. An array of representative reactions, including hydroxy group manipulation (acylation, protection/deprotection, acyl group migration), thioglycoside synthesis, azidoglycoside synthesis, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and reductive cleavage of benzylidene, commonly used in the synthesis of carbohydrate derivatives was examined. A series of glycosylation reactions that employ thioglycosides, glycosyl trichloroacetimidate, glycosyl bromide and glycosyl acetate as the glycosyl donors was also examined. Our results demonstrate that sonication can significantly shorten the reaction time, enhance the reactivity of reactant and lead to superior yield and excellent stereoselectivity. More importantly, a general protocol of glycosylation may finally be developed. Sonication is compatible to the conditions used for traditional organic synthesis. We believe that sonication can also be applied to other areas of synthetic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglou Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhou J, Wang G, Zhang LH, Ye XS. Modifications of aminoglycoside antibiotics targeting RNA. Med Res Rev 2007; 27:279-316. [PMID: 16892199 DOI: 10.1002/med.20085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The increased awareness of the central role of RNA has led to realization that RNA, as structural and functional information accumulation, is also drug target to small molecular therapy. Aminoglycosides are a group of well-known antibiotics, which function through binding to specific sites in prokaryotic ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and affecting the fidelity of protein synthesis. Unfortunately, their clinical practice has been curtailed by toxicity and rapid increasing number of resistant strains. Therefore, it is highly desirable to design new modified aminoglycosides that will overcome the undesirable properties of natural occurring aminoglycosides. On the other hand, aminoglycosides as potential antiviral (HIV) agents were also reported. Herein, we survey the current efforts to develop new aminoglycoside derivatives with modification and reconstruction on each sugar ring and review the latest advances in structure-activity relationships (SAR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li J, Chiang FI, Chen HN, Chang CWT. Investigation of the regioselectivity for the staudinger reaction and its application for the synthesis of aminoglycosides with N-1 modification. J Org Chem 2007; 72:4055-66. [PMID: 17465564 PMCID: PMC2553255 DOI: 10.1021/jo062588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The criteria for controlling the regioselectivity of Staudinger reduction of azides have been investigated. These findings enable a convenient direct N-1 modification of the perazidoneamine and perazidoribostamycin resulting in the synthesis of aminoglycoside antibiotics with activity against drug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
|
45
|
Johannesen SA, Petersen BO, Duus JO, Skrydstrup T. Studies Directed to Understanding the Structure of Chitosan−Metal Complexes: Investigations of Mono- and Disaccharide Models with Platinum(II) Group Metals. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:4326-35. [PMID: 17444635 DOI: 10.1021/ic070016r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
X-ray and NMR experiments were performed with simple chitosan models based on glucosamine monosaccharides and disaccharides to understand the binding properties and structures of the complexes formed between this polysaccharide and platinum(II) metals. Subjection of the glucosamine derivatives with [PdCl2(PhCN)2] provided trans-diamine complexes which upon further treatment with excess (NH4)PF6 generated complexes possessing two 5-membered chelate rings involving the C2-amine and the C3-hydroxyl group of the two individual glucosamine units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sine A Johannesen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
van den Bos LJ, Duivenvoorden BA, de Koning MC, Filippov DV, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA. Study of the Glycosidation Properties of 1-Thiomannosazidopyranosides and 1-Thiomannosaziduronic Acid Esters. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Mehta AS, Saile E, Zhong W, Buskas T, Carlson R, Kannenberg E, Reed Y, Quinn CP, Boons GJ. Synthesis and Antigenic Analysis of the BclA Glycoprotein Oligosaccharide from theBacillus anthracis Exosporium. Chemistry 2006; 12:9136-49. [PMID: 17133642 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein BclA is an important constituent of the exosporium of Bacillus anthracis spores. This glycoprotein is substituted with an oligosaccharide composed of a beta-L-rhamnoside substituted with the previously unknown terminal saccharide, 2-O-methyl-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamido)-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucopyranose, also referred to as anthrose. Anthrose has not been found in spores of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis, making it a potential species-specific marker for B. anthracis. In order to study the antigenicity of anthrose, efficient syntheses of an anthrose-containing trisaccharide and a series of structurally related analogues were developed. The analogues lacked either the methyl ether at C-2 or contained modified C-4 amino functionalities of anthrose. The synthetic compounds were equipped with an aminopropyl spacer to facilitate conjugation to the carrier proteins mariculture Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (mcKLH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Serum antibodies of rabbits immunized with live or irradiated spores of B. anthracis Sterne 34F(2) were able to recognize the synthetic trisaccharide-mcKLH conjugate. The specificity of the interaction was confirmed by competitive inhibition with the free- and BSA-conjugated trisaccharides. Inhibition using the trisaccharide analogues demonstrated that the isovaleric acid moiety of anthrose is an important structural motif for antibody recognition. These data demonstrate that 1) anthrose is a specific antigenic determinant of the B. anthracis Sterne spore; 2) this antigen is presented to the immune system of rabbits receiving the anthrax live-spore vaccine; 3) synthetic analogues of the oligosaccharide retain the antigenic structure; and 4) the antigenic region is localized to specific terminal groups of the oligosaccharide. Collectively these data provide an important proof-of-concept step in the synthesis and development of spore-specific reagents for detection and targeting of non-protein structures in B. anthracis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok S Mehta
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mattis VB, Rai R, Wang J, Chang CWT, Coady T, Lorson CL. Novel aminoglycosides increase SMN levels in spinal muscular atrophy fibroblasts. Hum Genet 2006; 120:589-601. [PMID: 16951947 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA is caused by the homozygous absence of survival motor neuron-1 (SMN1). SMN2, a nearly identical copy gene, is retained in all SMA patients and encodes an identical protein as SMN1; however, SMN1 and SMN2 differ by a silent C to T transition which results in the production of an alternatively spliced isoform (SMNDelta7), which encodes a defective protein, demonstrating that the absence of the short peptide encoded by SMN exon 7 is critical in SMA development. Previously, we have shown that for some functions heterologous sequences can compensate for the exon 7 peptide, suggesting that the SMN C-terminus functions non-specifically. Consistent with this hypothesis, we now identify novel aminoglycosides that can induce SMN protein levels in patient fibroblasts. This hypothesis was supported, in part, by a novel fluorescent SMN read-through assay. Interestingly, however, through the development of a SMN exon 7-specific antibody, results suggested that levels of normal full-length SMN might also be elevated by aminoglycoside treatment. These results demonstrate that the compounds that promote read-through may provide an alternative platform for the discovery of compounds that induce SMN protein levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia B Mattis
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Room 471G, Columbia, MO 65211-7310, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rao Y, Venot A, Swayze EE, Griffey RH, Boons GJ. Trisaccharide mimetics of the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1328-37. [PMID: 16557321 DOI: 10.1039/b517725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly convergent approach for the chemical synthesis of eight structurally related trisaccharides that contain 3 to 5 amino groups has been described. Fourier-transformation ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has been employed to determine the dissociation constants (Kd) for the binding of the trisaccharides to a prototypical fragment of 16S ribosomal RNA. A compound that contained a 4,6-dideoxy-4-amino-beta-D-glucopyranoside moiety at C-3 displayed binding in the low micromolar range. It was found that small structural changes of the saccharides resulted in large differences in affinity. The described structure-activity relationship is expected to be valuable for the development of novel antibiotics that target rRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Langenhan JM, Griffith BR, Thorson JS. Neoglycorandomization and chemoenzymatic glycorandomization: two complementary tools for natural product diversification. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:1696-711. [PMID: 16309329 DOI: 10.1021/np0502084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to explore the contribution of the sugar constituents of pharmaceutically relevant glycosylated natural products, chemists have developed glycosylation methods that are amenable to the generation of libraries of analogues with a broad array of glycosidic attachments. Recently, two complementary glycorandomization strategies have been described, namely, neoglycorandomization, a chemical approach based on a one-step sugar ligation reaction that does not require any prior sugar protection or activation, and chemoenzymatic glycorandomization, a biocatalytic approach that relies on the substrate promiscuity of enzymes to activate and attach sugars to natural products. Since both methods require reducing sugars, this review first highlights recent advances in monosaccharide generation and then follows with an overview of recent progress in the development of neoglycorandomization and chemoenzymatic glycorandomization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Langenhan
- Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|