1
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An Ensemble Model-Based Estimation of Nitrogen Dioxide in a Southeastern Coastal Region of China. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14122807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) is a common pollutant in the atmosphere that can have serious adverse effects on the health of residents. However, the existing satellite and ground observation methods are not enough to effectively monitor the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of near-surface NO2 concentrations, which limits the development of pollutant remediation work and medical health research. Based on TROPOMI-NO2 tropospheric column concentration data, supplemented by meteorological data, atmospheric condition reanalysis data and other geographic parameters, combined with classic machine learning models and deep learning networks, we constructed an ensemble model that achieved a daily average near-surface NO2 of 0.03° exposure. In this article, a meteorological hysteretic effects term and a spatiotemporal term were designed, which considerably improved the performance of the model. Overall, our ensemble model performed better, with a 10-fold CV R2 of 0.89, an RMSE of 5.62 µg/m3, and an MAE of 4.04 µg/m3. The model also had good temporal and spatial generalization capability, with a temporal prediction R2 and a spatial prediction R2 of 0.71 and 0.81, respectively, which can be applied to a wider range of time and space. Finally, we used an ensemble model to estimate the spatiotemporal distribution of NO2 in a coastal region of southeastern China from May 2018 to December 2020. Compared with satellite observations, the model output results showed richer details of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of NO2 concentrations. Due to the advantages of using multi-source data, this model framework has the potential to output products with a higher spatial resolution and can provide a reference for downscaling work on other pollutants.
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2
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Su C, Zhu W, Kang R, Quan Z, Liu D, Huang W, Shi Y, Chen X, Fang Y. Interannual and seasonal variabilities in soil NO fluxes from a rainfed maize field in the Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117312. [PMID: 33992903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in atmospheric chemistry and also is a precursor of nitrate, which affects particle matter formation and nitrogen deposition. Agricultural soil has been recognized as a main source of atmospheric NO. However, quantifying the NO fluxes emitted from croplands remains a challenge and in situ long-term measurements of NO are still limited. In this study, we used an automated sampling system to measure NO fluxes with a high temporal resolution over two years (April 2017 to March 2019) from a rainfed maize field in the Northeast China. The cumulative annual NO emissions were 8.9 and 2.3 kg N ha-1 in year 1 (April 2017 to March 2018) and year 2 (April 2018 to March 2019), respectively. These interannual differences were largely related to different weather conditions encountered. In year 1, a month-long drought before and after the seeding and fertilizing reduced plant N uptake and dramatically increased soil N concentration. The following moderate rainfalls promoted large amount of NO emissions, which remained high until late September. The NO fluxes in both years showed clearer seasonal patterns, being highest after fertilizer application in summer, and lowest in winter. The seasonal patterns of NO fluxes were mainly controlled by soil available N concentrations and soil temperatures. The contribution of NO fluxes during the spring freeze-thaw in both years was no more than 0.2% of the annual NO budget, indicating that the freeze-thaw effect on agricultural NO emissions was minimal. In addition, with high-resolution monitoring, we found that soil not only act as a NO source but also a sink. Long-term and high-resolution measurements help us better understand the diurnal, seasonal, and annual dynamics of NO emissions, build more accurate models and better estimate global NO budget and develop more effective policy responses to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; College of Sources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weixing Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Ronghua Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhi Quan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wentao Huang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Yi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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3
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Wedow JM, Ainsworth EA, Li S. Plant biochemistry influences tropospheric ozone formation, destruction, deposition, and response. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:992-1002. [PMID: 34303585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is among the most damaging air pollutant to plants. Plants alter the atmospheric O3 concentration in two distinct ways: (i) by the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are precursors of O3; and (ii) by dry deposition, which includes diffusion of O3 into vegetation through stomata and destruction by nonstomatal pathways. Isoprene, monoterpenes, and higher terpenoids are emitted by plants in quantities that alter tropospheric O3. Deposition of O3 into vegetation is related to stomatal conductance, leaf structural traits, and the detoxification capacity of the apoplast. The biochemical fate of O3 once it enters leaves and reacts with aqueous surfaces is largely unknown, but new techniques for the tracking and identification of initial products have the potential to open the black box.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Wedow
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shuai Li
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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4
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Urban Health Related Air Quality Indicators over the Middle East and North Africa Countries Using Multiple Satellites and AERONET Data. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11182096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is reported as one of the most severe environmental problems in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Remotely sensed data from newly available TROPOMI - TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument on board Sentinel-5 Precursor, shows an annual mean of high-resolution maps of selected air quality indicators (NO2, CO, O3, and UVAI) of the MENA countries for the first time. The correlation analysis among the aforementioned indicators show the coherency of the air pollutants in urban areas. Multi-year data from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) stations from nine MENA countries are utilized here to study the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE) with other available observations. Additionally, a total of 65 different machine learning models of four categories, namely: linear regression, ensemble, decision tree, and deep neural network (DNN), were built from multiple data sources (MODIS, MISR, OMI, and MERRA-2) to predict the best usable AOD product as compared to AERONET data. DNN validates well against AERONET data and proves to be the best model to generate optimized aerosol products when the ground observations are insufficient. This approach can improve the knowledge of air pollutant variability and intensity in the MENA region for decision makers to operate proper mitigation strategies.
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5
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Yin H, Sun Y, Liu C, Zhang L, Lu X, Wang W, Shan C, Hu Q, Tian Y, Zhang C, Su W, Zhang H, Palm M, Notholt J, Liu J. FTIR time series of stratospheric NO 2 over Hefei, China, and comparisons with OMI and GEOS-Chem model data. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:A1225-A1240. [PMID: 31510516 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.0a1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the trend and seasonal variability of stratospheric NO2 column for the first time over the polluted atmosphere at Hefei, China, retrieved using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) between 2015 and 2018. The FTIR observed stratospheric NO2 columns over Hefei show a peak in June and reach a minimum in January. The mean stratospheric NO2 column concentration in June is (3.49 ± 0.25) × 1015 molecules*cm-2, and is 39.20% ± 8.95% higher than that in January with a mean value of (2.51 ± 0.21) × 1015 molecules*cm-2. We find a negative trend of (-0.34 ± 0.05) %/yr in the FTIR observations of stratospheric NO2 column. The FTIR data are compared to the satellite OMI observations to assess the new data set quality and also applied to evaluate the GEOS-Chem model simulations. We find in general the OMI observations and GEOS-Chem model results are in good agreement with the coincident FTIR data, and they all show similar seasonal cycles with strong correlation coefficients of 0.84-0.86. The annual average OMI minus FTIR difference is (1.48 ± 5.33) × 1014 molecules*cm-2 (4.82% ± 17.37%), and average GEOS-Chem minus FTIR difference is (2.36 ± 2.33) × 1014 molecules*cm -2 (7.66% ± 7.49%). Their maximum differences occur in April and May with mean differences of 12-16%. We also found negative trends in the stratospheric NO2 column over Hefei for 2015-2018 with both OMI observations (-0.91 ± 0.09%/yr) and GEOS-Chem model results (-0.31 ± 0.05%/yr), demonstrating some consistency among them.
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6
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A Conservative Downscaling of Satellite-Detected Chemical Compositions: NO2 Column Densities of OMI, GOME-2, and CMAQ. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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McCarthy MC, Lee KLK, Stanton JF. Detection and structural characterization of nitrosamide H 2NNO: A central intermediate in deNO x processes. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:134301. [PMID: 28987087 DOI: 10.1063/1.4992097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and bonding of H2NNO, the simplest N-nitrosamine, and a key intermediate in deNOx processes, have been precisely characterized using a combination of rotational spectroscopy of its more abundant isotopic species and high-level quantum chemical calculations. Isotopic spectroscopy provides compelling evidence that this species is formed promptly in our discharge expansion via the NH2 + NO reaction and is collisionally cooled prior to subsequent unimolecular rearrangement. H2NNO is found to possess an essentially planar geometry, an NNO angle of 113.67(5)°, and a N-N bond length of 1.342(3) Å; in combination with the derived nitrogen quadrupole coupling constants, its bonding is best described as an admixture of uncharged dipolar (H2N-N=O, single bond) and zwitterion (H2N+=N-O-, double bond) structures. At the CCSD(T) level, and extrapolating to the complete basis set limit, the planar geometry appears to represent the minimum of the potential surface, although the torsional potential of this molecule is extremely flat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C McCarthy
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Kin Long Kelvin Lee
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John F Stanton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA
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8
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Yu Z, Elliott EM. Novel Method for Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of Soil-Emitted Nitric Oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6268-6278. [PMID: 28467082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The global inventory of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions is poorly constrained, with a large portion of the uncertainty attributed to soil NO emissions that result from soil abiotic and microbial processes. While natural abundance stable N isotopes (δ15N) in various soil N-containing compounds have proven to be a robust tracer of soil N cycling, soil δ15N-NO is rarely quantified due to the measurement difficulties. Here, we present a new method that collects soil-emitted NO through NO conversion to NO2 in excess ozone (O3) and subsequent NO2 collection in a 20% triethanolamine (TEA) solution as nitrite and nitrate for δ15N analysis using the denitrifier method. The precision and accuracy of the method were quantified through repeated collection of an analytical NO tank and intercalibration with a modified EPA NOx collection method. The results show that the efficiency of NO conversion to NO2 and subsequent NO2 collection in the TEA solution is >98% under a variety of controlled conditions. The method precision (1σ) and accuracy across the entire analytical procedure are ±1.1‰. We report the first analyses of soil δ15N-NO (-59.8‰ to -23.4‰) from wetting-induced NO pulses at both laboratory and field scales that have important implications for understanding soil NO dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Yu
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Emily M Elliott
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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9
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Schneider GF, Cheesman AW, Winter K, Turner BL, Sitch S, Kursar TA. Current ambient concentrations of ozone in Panama modulate the leaf chemistry of the tropical tree Ficus insipida. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:363-372. [PMID: 28088026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a major air pollutant and greenhouse gas, affecting carbon dynamics, ecological interactions, and agricultural productivity across continents and biomes. Elevated [O3] has been documented in tropical evergreen forests, the epicenters of terrestrial primary productivity and plant-consumer interactions. However, the effects of O3 on vegetation have not previously been studied in these forests. In this study, we quantified ambient O3 in a region shared by forests and urban/commercial zones in Panama and found levels two to three times greater than in remote tropical sites. We examined the effects of these ambient O3 levels on the growth and chemistry of seedlings of Ficus insipida, a regionally widespread tree with high stomatal conductance, using open-top chambers supplied with ozone-free or ambient air. We evaluated the differences across treatments in biomass and, using UPLC-MS-MS, leaf secondary metabolites and membrane lipids. Mean [O3] in ambient air was below the levels that induce chronic stress in temperate broadleaved trees, and biomass did not differ across treatments. However, leaf secondary metabolites - including phenolics and a terpenoid - were significantly downregulated in the ambient air treatment. Membrane lipids were present at lower concentrations in older leaves grown in ambient air, suggesting accelerated senescence. Thus, in a tree species with high O3 uptake via high stomatal conductance, current ambient [O3] in Panamanian forests are sufficient to induce chronic effects on leaf chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald F Schneider
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Stephen Sitch
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Kursar
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
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10
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Anderson DC, Nicely JM, Salawitch RJ, Canty TP, Dickerson RR, Hanisco TF, Wolfe GM, Apel EC, Atlas E, Bannan T, Bauguitte S, Blake NJ, Bresch JF, Campos TL, Carpenter LJ, Cohen MD, Evans M, Fernandez RP, Kahn BH, Kinnison DE, Hall SR, Harris NRP, Hornbrook RS, Lamarque JF, Le Breton M, Lee JD, Percival C, Pfister L, Pierce RB, Riemer DD, Saiz-Lopez A, Stunder BJB, Thompson AM, Ullmann K, Vaughan A, Weinheimer AJ. A pervasive role for biomass burning in tropical high ozone/low water structures. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10267. [PMID: 26758808 PMCID: PMC4735513 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Air parcels with mixing ratios of high O3 and low H2O (HOLW) are common features in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) mid-troposphere (300-700 hPa). Here, using data collected during aircraft sampling of the TWP in winter 2014, we find strong, positive correlations of O3 with multiple biomass burning tracers in these HOLW structures. Ozone levels in these structures are about a factor of three larger than background. Models, satellite data and aircraft observations are used to show fires in tropical Africa and Southeast Asia are the dominant source of high O3 and that low H2O results from large-scale descent within the tropical troposphere. Previous explanations that attribute HOLW structures to transport from the stratosphere or mid-latitude troposphere are inconsistent with our observations. This study suggest a larger role for biomass burning in the radiative forcing of climate in the remote TWP than is commonly appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Julie M Nicely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Ross J Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Timothy P Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Russell R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Thomas F Hanisco
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Glenn M Wolfe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.,Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Eric C Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Elliot Atlas
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA
| | - Thomas Bannan
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Nicola J Blake
- Deparment of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - James F Bresch
- Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Teresa L Campos
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Lucy J Carpenter
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mark D Cohen
- NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Mathew Evans
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Rafael P Fernandez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain.,Department of Natural Science, National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza 5501, Argentina
| | - Brian H Kahn
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - Douglas E Kinnison
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Samuel R Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Neil R P Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rebecca S Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Lamarque
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.,Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Michael Le Breton
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - James D Lee
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carl Percival
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Leonhard Pfister
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
| | - R Bradley Pierce
- NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Daniel D Riemer
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | - Anne M Thompson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Adam Vaughan
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew J Weinheimer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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11
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Nault BA, Garland C, Wooldridge PJ, Brune WH, Campuzano-Jost P, Crounse JD, Day DA, Dibb J, Hall SR, Huey LG, Jimenez JL, Liu X, Mao J, Mikoviny T, Peischl J, Pollack IB, Ren X, Ryerson TB, Scheuer E, Ullmann K, Wennberg PO, Wisthaler A, Zhang L, Cohen RC. Observational Constraints on the Oxidation of NOx in the Upper Troposphere. J Phys Chem A 2015; 120:1468-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William H. Brune
- Department
of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences and Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | - Douglas A. Day
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences and Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jack Dibb
- Earth
Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and
Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Samuel R. Hall
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
| | - L. Gregory Huey
- School of
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - José L. Jimenez
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences and Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- School of
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Geophyiscal
Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Earth System Research Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Ilana B. Pollack
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Earth System Research Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Xinrong Ren
- Air Resources
Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Earth System Research Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Eric Scheuer
- Earth
Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and
Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
| | | | - Armin Wisthaler
- Institute
of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Li Zhang
- Department
of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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12
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VanCuren RT, Gustin MS. Identification of sources contributing to PM2.5 and ozone at elevated sites in the western U.S. by receptor analysis: Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, and Great Basin National Park, Nevada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 530-531:505-518. [PMID: 25864796 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The proposed revision of the United States (US) air quality standard for ozone will result in violations in sparsely populated remote rural areas in the Western US. Replicating air quality as measured at surface monitoring sites by modeling is particularly difficult in this region due to complex terrain, poorly represented in regional and global models, and uncertainties in emission rates and timing at all scales (locally as well as hundreds to thousands of km upwind). As an alternative method, a fully empirical, receptor-based scheme using in situ aerosol composition and simple meteorological variables to simulate ozone (O3) measurements was tested and found to produce O3 simulation results comparable in uncertainty to regional modeling, and supporting trajectory-based identification of O3 source regions. This approach was tested using two widely-separated (650 km) high altitude (approx. 2 km above sea level) monitoring sites, Lassen Volcanic National Park, in northern California (LAVO) and Great Basin National Park in eastern Nevada (GRBA). Comparing correlations between observed O3 and aerosols, and examining back-trajectories associated with peak concentrations for the two sites permitted distinguishing among local, distant North American, and Asian sources of particulate matter (PM2.5) and O3. This analysis indicates that anthropogenic enhancement of O3 at LAVO is primarily due to transport from Asia. Asia is also the dominant source of anthropogenic O3 at GRBA in spring, but regional North American sources of O3 appear to drive additional ozone peaks in late summer and fall at this more interior site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mae Sexauer Gustin
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Louie MK, Francisco JS, Verdicchio M, Klippenstein SJ, Sinha A. Hydrolysis of Ketene Catalyzed by Formic Acid: Modification of Reaction Mechanism, Energetics, and Kinetics with Organic Acid Catalysis. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4347-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5076725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Louie
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0314, United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Marco Verdicchio
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4837, United States
| | - Stephen J. Klippenstein
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4837, United States
| | - Amitabha Sinha
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0314, United States
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Nguyen TL, Xue BC, Ellison GB, Stanton JF. Theoretical Study of Reaction of Ketene with Water in the Gas Phase: Formation of Acetic Acid? J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10997-1005. [DOI: 10.1021/jp408337y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Lam Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - Bert C. Xue
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - G. Barney Ellison
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - John F. Stanton
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
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15
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Thompson AM, Miller SK, Tilmes S, Kollonige DW, Witte JC, Oltmans SJ, Johnson BJ, Fujiwara M, Schmidlin FJ, Coetzee GJR, Komala N, Maata M, bt Mohamad M, Nguyo J, Mutai C, Ogino SY, Da Silva FR, Leme NMP, Posny F, Scheele R, Selkirk HB, Shiotani M, Stübi R, Levrat G, Calpini B, Thouret V, Tsuruta H, Canossa JV, Vömel H, Yonemura S, Diaz JA, Tan Thanh NT, Thuy Ha HT. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) ozone climatology (2005-2009): Tropospheric and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) profiles with comparisons to OMI-based ozone products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Murray LT, Jacob DJ, Logan JA, Hudman RC, Koshak WJ. Optimized regional and interannual variability of lightning in a global chemical transport model constrained by LIS/OTD satellite data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Jensen AA, Thompson AM, Schmidlin FJ. Classification of Ascension Island and Natal ozonesondes using self-organizing maps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Mitovski T, Folkins I, Martin RV, Cooper M. Testing convective transport on short time scales: Comparisons with mass divergence and ozone anomaly patterns about high rain events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fischer EV, Jacob DJ, Millet DB, Yantosca RM, Mao J. The role of the ocean in the global atmospheric budget of acetone. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 39:10.1029/2011gl050086. [PMID: 33758438 PMCID: PMC7983863 DOI: 10.1029/2011gl050086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Acetone is one of the most abundant carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere and it plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. The role of the ocean in the global atmospheric acetone budget is highly uncertain, with past studies reaching opposite conclusions as to whether the ocean is a source or sink. Here we use a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) simulation of atmospheric acetone to evaluate the role of air-sea exchange in the global budget. Inclusion of updated (slower) photolysis loss in the model means that a large net ocean source is not needed to explain observed acetone in marine air. We find that a simulation with a fixed seawater acetone concentration of 15 nM based on observations can reproduce the observed global patterns of atmospheric concentrations and air-sea fluxes. The Northern Hemisphere oceans are a net sink for acetone while the tropical oceans are a net source. On a global scale the ocean is in near-equilibrium with the atmosphere. Prescribing an ocean concentration of acetone as a boundary condition in the model assumes that ocean concentrations are controlled by internal production and loss, rather than by air-sea exchange. An implication is that the ocean plays a major role in controlling atmospheric acetone. This hypothesis needs to be tested by better quantification of oceanic acetone sources and sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Fischer
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D J Jacob
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D B Millet
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - R M Yantosca
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Mao
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Cooper M, Martin RV, Sauvage B, Boone CD, Walker KA, Bernath PF, McLinden CA, Degenstein DA, Volz-Thomas A, Wespes C. Evaluation of ACE-FTS and OSIRIS Satellite retrievals of ozone and nitric acid in the tropical upper troposphere: Application to ozone production efficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Andersen MPS, Axson JL, Michelsen RRH, Nielsen OJ, Iraci LT. Solubility of acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid in low-temperature (207-245 k) sulfuric acid solutions: implications for the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:4388-96. [PMID: 21462920 DOI: 10.1021/jp200118g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The solubility of gas-phase acetic acid (CH(3)COOH, HAc) and trifluoroacetic acid (CF(3)COOH, TFA) in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions was measured in a Knudsen cell reactor over ranges of temperature (207-245 K) and acid composition (40-75 wt %, H(2)SO(4)). For both HAc and TFA, the effective Henry's law coefficient, H*, is inversely dependent on temperature. Measured values of H* for TFA range from 1.7 × 10(3) M atm(-1) in 75.0 wt % H(2)SO(4) at 242.5 K to 3.6 × 10(8) M atm(-1) in 40.7 wt % H(2)SO(4) at 207.8 K. Measured values of H* for HAc range from 2.2 × 10(5) M atm(-1) in 57.8 wt % H(2)SO(4) at 245.0 K to 3.8 × 10(8) M atm(-1) in 74.4 wt % H(2)SO(4) at 219.6 K. The solubility of HAc increases with increasing H(2)SO(4) concentration and is higher in strong sulfuric acid than in water. In contrast, the solubility of TFA decreases with increasing sulfuric acid concentration. The equilibrium concentration of HAc in UT/LS aerosol particles is estimated from our measurements and is found to be up to several orders of magnitude higher than those determined for common alcohols and small carbonyl compounds. On the basis of our measured solubility, we determine that HAc in the upper troposphere undergoes aerosol partitioning, though the role of H(2)SO(4) aerosol particles as a sink for HAc in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere will only be discernible under high atmospheric sulfate perturbations.
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Thompson AM, Allen AL, Lee S, Miller SK, Witte JC. Gravity and Rossby wave signatures in the tropical troposphere and lower stratosphere based on Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ), 1998–2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huang YW, Dransfield TJ, Anderson JG. Experimental evidence for the pressure dependence of the reaction rate constant between acetic acid and hydroxyl radicals. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:11538-44. [PMID: 20925416 DOI: 10.1021/jp106446q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction rate constant of acetic acid with the hydroxyl radical is measured at 93 Torr with our high-pressure flow system (HPFS) and found to display a negative temperature dependence that can be described by the Arrhenius expression, k(T) = (2.44 ± 0.22) × 10(-14) exp ((1027 ± 24)/T)) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Compared with our previously reported 7 Torr data, we find a noticeable pressure dependence. This dependence is observed to increase with decreasing temperature. This finding is consistent with a termolecular reaction mechanism. It is the first experimental evidence of the pressure dependence for this rate constant. A kinetics model is constructed, and the model results agree qualitatively with our experimental data. The extrapolated rate constant of the title reaction would be faster than previously believed at conditions of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere, suggesting that the importance of acetic acid in its impact on HO(x) chemistry is currently underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-wen Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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24
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Sprung D, Zahn A. Acetone in the upper troposphere/lowermost stratosphere measured by the CARIBIC passenger aircraft: Distribution, seasonal cycle, and variability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Zaveri RA, Berkowitz CM, Brechtel FJ, Gilles MK, Hubbe JM, Jayne JT, Kleinman LI, Laskin A, Madronich S, Onasch TB, Pekour MS, Springston SR, Thornton JA, Tivanski AV, Worsnop DR. Nighttime chemical evolution of aerosol and trace gases in a power plant plume: Implications for secondary organic nitrate and organosulfate aerosol formation, NO3radical chemistry, and N2O5heterogeneous hydrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Scheuer E, Dibb JE, Twohy C, Rogers DC, Heymsfield AJ, Bansemer A. Evidence of nitric acid uptake in warm cirrus anvil clouds during the NASA TC4 campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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da Silva G. Oxidation of Carboxylic Acids Regenerates Hydroxyl Radicals in the Unpolluted and Nighttime Troposphere. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:6861-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp101279p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne. Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Rivera C, Mellqvist J, Samuelsson J, Lefer B, Alvarez S, Patel MR. Quantification of NO2and SO2emissions from the Houston Ship Channel and Texas City industrial areas during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Fischer EV, Jaffe DA, Reidmiller DR, Jaeglé L. Meteorological controls on observed peroxyacetyl nitrate at Mount Bachelor during the spring of 2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Lee JD, Moller SJ, Read KA, Lewis AC, Mendes L, Carpenter LJ. Year-round measurements of nitrogen oxides and ozone in the tropical North Atlantic marine boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Huang YW, Dransfield TJ, Miller JD, Rojas RD, Castillo XG, Anderson JG. Experimental study of the kinetics of the reaction of acetic acid with hydroxyl radicals from 255 to 355 K. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:423-30. [PMID: 19099468 DOI: 10.1021/jp808627w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rate constant of the reaction of OH with acetic acid over the temperature range of 255-355 K was determined using our High-Pressure Flow System with laser-induced fluorescence detection of the OH radicals and FTIR spectrometry for acetic acid quantification. The rate constant displays a negative temperature dependence and can be described by the Arrhenius expression: k(1)(T) = (5.38 +/- 0.28) x 10(-14) exp(740 +/- 51/T) cm(3) molecule (-1) s(-1), with k(1) = (6.77 +/- 0.14) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule (-1) s(-1) at 295 K. The negative temperature dependence suggests a pre-reactive complex formation between the OH radicals and the acetic acid monomer, and this result is consistent with previous reports. The use of FTIR spectrometry allows for separation of the acetic acid monomer and dimer in the spectrum and gives a measurement of the acetic acid monomer that is independent of the temperature measurement and free of reliance on an equilibrium constant expression that can introduce high uncertainty. The highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence for OH detection coupled with the FTIR spectrometry result in a rate constant measurement with low uncertainty, and the data set presented here in the temperature range of 255-355K serves to bridge existing data sets that are obtained either above or below room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-wen Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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33
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Zeng T, Wang Y, Yoshida Y, Tian D, Russell AG, Barnard WR. Impacts of prescribed fires on air quality over the Southeastern United States in spring based on modeling and ground/satellite measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:8401-6. [PMID: 19068824 DOI: 10.1021/es800363d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Prescribed burning is a large aerosol source in the southeastern United States. Its air quality impact is investigated using 3-D model simulations and analysis of ground and satellite observations. Fire emissions for 2002 are calculated based on a recently developed VISTAS emission inventory. March was selected for the investigation because it is the most active prescribed fire month. Inclusion of fire emissions significantly improved model performance. Model results show that prescribed fire emissions lead to approximately 50% enhancements of mean OC and EC concentrations in the Southeast and a daily increase of PM2.5 up to 25 microg m(-3), indicating that fire emissions can lead to PM2.5 nonattainment in affected regions. Surface enhancements of CO up to 200 ppbv are found. Fire count measurements from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the NASA Terra satellite show large springtime burning in most states, which is consistent with the emission inventory. These measurements also indicate that the inventory may underestimate fire emissions in the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30313, USA.
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34
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Lee M, Kim JA, Kim YM, Lee G. Characteristics of atmospheric hydrogen peroxide variations in Seoul megacity during 2002-2004. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 393:299-308. [PMID: 18255123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric hydrogen peroxides (H(2)O(2)) and methyl hydroperoxide (CH(3)OOH) were measured in Seoul, the capital of South Korea. Experiments were performed for several days almost every month from January 2002 to April 2004. Gaseous hydroperoxide was collected in aqueous solution and determined by HPLC-fluorescence method. In general, the higher levels of H(2)O(2) were found in warm and humid air with high ozone concentrations, but lower concentrations of SO(2), NO(2), CO and PM(10). For two-year measurements, seasonal factor was the most dominant and the concentrations of H(2)O(2) were highest in summer, for which the median, mean, and upper 90% values were 0.53 ppbv, 0.81 ppbv, and 1.61 ppbv, respectively. In highly polluted metropolitan Seoul, the photochemical activity controlling H(2)O(2) variations was seemingly more sensitive to meteorological conditions than the level of chemical pollutants. It was mainly due to high emissions of pollutants, particularly NOx, which was demonstrated by the occasional occurrence of CH(3)OOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meehye Lee
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, South Korea.
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35
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Carl SA, Vereecken L, Peeters J. Kinetic parameters for gas-phase reactions: experimental and theoretical challenges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4071-84. [PMID: 17687459 DOI: 10.1039/b705505f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to illustrate the added value provided to experimental kinetics investigations by complementary theoretical kinetics studies, using as examples (i) reactions of two major hydrocarbon flame radicals, HCCO and C(2)H, and (ii) reactions of several oxygenated organic compounds with hydroxyl radicals of interest to atmospheric chemistry. The first part, on HCCO and C(2)H kinetics, does not attempt to give an extensive literature review, but rather addresses some major experimental techniques, mainly specific ones, that have allowed a great part of the available reactivity databases on these two species to be established. For several key reactions, it is shown how potential energy surfaces and statistical rate predictions based thereon have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms and have allowed estimates of product distributions as well as reliable extrapolations of experimental rate coefficients and branching ratios to higher temperatures. The second part addresses current issues in atmospheric chemistry relating mainly to hydroxyl radical reactions with oxygenated organics, and focuses on the experimental characterization of the often unusual temperature dependence of their rate coefficients and on the theoretical rationalization thereof, through the formation of hydrogen-bonded pre-reactive complexes and resulting tunnelling-enhanced H-abstraction. Finally, the development of general structure-activity relationships for OH reactions with organics, H-abstractions as well as OH-additions for unsaturated compounds, is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Carl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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36
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Sauvage B, Martin RV, van Donkelaar A, Ziemke JR. Quantification of the factors controlling tropical tropospheric ozone and the South Atlantic maximum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Steinbacher M, Zellweger C, Schwarzenbach B, Bugmann S, Buchmann B, Ordóñez C, Prevot ASH, Hueglin C. Nitrogen oxide measurements at rural sites in Switzerland: Bias of conventional measurement techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Peylin P, Bréon FM, Serrar S, Tiwari Y, Chédin A, Gloor M, Machida T, Brenninkmeijer C, Zahn A, Ciais P. Evaluation of Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS-N) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) spaceborne CO2estimates using model simulations and aircraft data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd007018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Martin RV, Sauvage B, Folkins I, Sioris CE, Boone C, Bernath P, Ziemke J. Space-based constraints on the production of nitric oxide by lightning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Auvray M, Bey I, Llull E, Schultz MG, Rast S. A model investigation of tropospheric ozone chemical tendencies in long-range transported pollution plumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Bertram TH, Perring AE, Wooldridge PJ, Crounse JD, Kwan AJ, Wennberg PO, Scheuer E, Dibb J, Avery M, Sachse G, Vay SA, Crawford JH, McNaughton CS, Clarke A, Pickering KE, Fuelberg H, Huey G, Blake DR, Singh HB, Hall SR, Shetter RE, Fried A, Heikes BG, Cohen RC. Direct Measurements of the Convective Recycling of the Upper Troposphere. Science 2007; 315:816-20. [PMID: 17204609 DOI: 10.1126/science.1134548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We present a statistical representation of the aggregate effects of deep convection on the chemistry and dynamics of the upper troposphere (UT) based on direct aircraft observations of the chemical composition of the UT over the eastern United States and Canada during summer. These measurements provide unique observational constraints on the chemistry occurring downwind of convection and the rate at which air in the UT is recycled. These results provide quantitative measures that can be used to evaluate global climate and chemistry models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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42
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Gamblin B, Toon OB, Tolbert MA, Kondo Y, Takegawa N, Irie H, Koike M, Ballenthin JO, Hunton DE, Miller TM, Viggiano AA, Anderson BE, Avery M, Sachse GW, Podolske JR, Guenther K, Sorenson C, Mahoney MJ. Nitric acid condensation on ice: 1. Non-HNO3constituent of NOYcondensing cirrus particles on upper tropospheric. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Vimal D, Stevens PS. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Kinetics of the Reactions of OH Radicals with Acetic Acid, Acetic Acid-d3 and Acetic Acid-d4 at Low Pressure. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:11509-16. [PMID: 17020264 DOI: 10.1021/jp063224y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of the reactions of OH with acetic acid, acetic acid-d3 and acetic acid-d4 were studied from 2 to 5 Torr and 263-373 K using a discharge flow system with resonance fluorescence detection of the OH radical. The measured rate constants at 300 K for the reaction of OH with acetic acid and acetic acid-d4 (CD3C(O)OD) were (7.42+/-0.12)x10(-13) and (1.09+/-0.18)x10(-13) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 respectively, and the rate constant for the reaction of OH with acetic acid-d3 (CD3C(O)OH) was (7.79+/-0.16)x10(-13) cm3 molecule-1 s-1. These results suggest that the primary mechanism for this reaction involves abstraction of the acidic hydrogen. Theoretical calculations of the kinetic isotope effect as a function of temperature are in good agreement with the experimental measurements using a mechanism involving the abstraction of the acidic hydrogen through a hydrogen-bonded complex. The rate constants for the OH+acetic acid and OH+acetic acid-d4 reactions display a negative temperature dependence described by the Arrhenius equations kH(T)=(2.52+/-1.22)x10(-14) exp((1010+/-150)/T) and kD(T)=(4.62+/-1.33)x10(-16) exp((1640+/-160)/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for acetic acid and acetic acid-d4, respectively, consistent with recent measurements that suggest that the lifetime of acetic acid at the low temperatures of the upper troposphere is shorter than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Vimal
- Institute for Research in Environmental Science, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Neuman JA, Parrish DD, Trainer M, Ryerson TB, Holloway JS, Nowak JB, Swanson A, Flocke F, Roberts JM, Brown SS, Stark H, Sommariva R, Stohl A, Peltier R, Weber R, Wollny AG, Sueper DT, Hubler G, Fehsenfeld FC. Reactive nitrogen transport and photochemistry in urban plumes over the North Atlantic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd007010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Neuman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Trainer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. B. Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. S. Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. B. Nowak
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Swanson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. Flocke
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. M. Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. S. Brown
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - H. Stark
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Sommariva
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Stohl
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | - R. Peltier
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - R. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - A. G. Wollny
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. T. Sueper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Hubler
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. C. Fehsenfeld
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
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Olson JR, Crawford JH, Chen G, Brune WH, Faloona IC, Tan D, Harder H, Martinez M. A reevaluation of airborne HOxobservations from NASA field campaigns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Olson
- Atmospheric Sciences Division, Langley Research Center; NASA; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - James H. Crawford
- Atmospheric Sciences Division, Langley Research Center; NASA; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - Gao Chen
- Atmospheric Sciences Division, Langley Research Center; NASA; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - William H. Brune
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ian C. Faloona
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources; University of California; Davis California USA
| | - David Tan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
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46
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Butkovskaya NI, Pouvesle N, Kukui A, Mu Y, Le Bras G. Mechanism of the OH-Initiated Oxidation of Hydroxyacetone over the Temperature Range 236−298 K. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:6833-43. [PMID: 16722699 DOI: 10.1021/jp056345r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with hydroxyacetone (CH3C(O)CH2OH) was studied at 200 Torr over the temperature range 236-298 K in a turbulent flow reactor coupled to a chemical ionization mass-spectrometer. The product yields and kinetics were measured in the presence of O2 to simulate the atmospheric conditions. The major stable product at all temperatures is methylglyoxal. However, its yield decreases from 82% at 298 K to 49% at 236 K. Conversely, the yields of formic and acetic acids increase from about 8% to about 20%. Other observed products were formaldehyde, CO2 and peroxy radicals HO2 and CH3C(O)O2. A partial re-formation of OH radicals (by approximately 10% at 298 K) was found in the OH + hydroxyacetone + O2 chemical system along with a noticeable inverse secondary kinetic isotope effect (k(OH)/k(OD) = 0.78 +/- 0.10 at 298 K). The observed product yields are explained by the increasing role of the complex formed between the primary radical CH3C(O)CHOH and O2 at low temperature. The rate constant of the reaction CH3C(O)CHOH + O2 --> CH3C(O)CHO + HO2 at 298 K, (3.0 +/- 0.6) x 10(-12) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1), was estimated by computer simulation of the concentration-time profiles of the CH3C(O)CHO product. The detailed mechanism of the OH-initiated oxidation of hydroxyacetone can help to better describe the atmospheric oxidation of isoprene, in particular, in the upper troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda I Butkovskaya
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Combustion et Systèmes Réactifs, 1C Av. de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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47
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Martin RV, Sioris CE, Chance K, Ryerson TB, Bertram TH, Wooldridge PJ, Cohen RC, Neuman JA, Swanson A, Flocke FM. Evaluation of space-based constraints on global nitrogen oxide emissions with regional aircraft measurements over and downwind of eastern North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Sauvage B, Thouret V, Thompson AM, Witte JC, Cammas JP, Nédélec P, Athier G. Enhanced view of the “tropical Atlantic ozone paradox” and “zonal wave one” from the in situ MOZAIC and SHADOZ data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Stickler A, Fischer H, Williams J, de Reus M, Sander R, Lawrence MG, Crowley JN, Lelieveld J. Influence of summertime deep convection on formaldehyde in the middle and upper troposphere over Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd007001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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50
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De Smedt F, Bui XV, Nguyen TL, Peeters J, Vereecken L. Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Product Branching in the Reaction of Acetic Acid with OH Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:2401-9. [PMID: 16839011 DOI: 10.1021/jp044679v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The product distribution of the reaction of acetic acid, CH(3)COOH, with hydroxyl radicals, OH, was studied experimentally and theoretically. Mass-spectrometric measurements at 290 K and 2 Torr of He of the CO(2) yield versus the loss of acetic acid yielded a branching fraction of 64 +/- 14% for the abstraction of the acidic hydrogen as follows: CH(3)COOH + OH --> CH(3)COO + H(2)O --> CH(3) + CO(2) + H(2)O. A quantum chemical and theoretical kinetic analysis showed that the abstraction of the acidic hydrogen is enhanced relative to the abstraction of -CH(3) hydrogens because of the formation of a strong pre-reactive H-bonded complex, where the H-bonds are retained in the H-abstraction transition state. The potential energy surface of the reaction is explored in detail, and the reaction products of the individual channels are identified. The theoretical product branching is found to be critically dependent on the energetic and rovibrational differences between the H-abstraction transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Smedt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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