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Khatoon S, Das N, Chattopadhyay S, Joharapurkar A, Singh A, Patel V, Nirwan A, Kumar A, Mugale MN, Mishra DP, Kumaravelu J, Guha R, Jain MR, Chattopadhyay N, Sanyal S. Apigenin-6-C-glucoside ameliorates MASLD in rodent models via selective agonism of adiponectin receptor 2. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176800. [PMID: 38950835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Adiponectin plays key roles in energy metabolism and ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction via its primary receptors, adiponectin receptors -1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Systemic depletion of adiponectin causes various metabolic disorders, including MASLD; however adiponectin supplementation is not yet achievable owing to its large size and oligomerization-associated complexities. Small-molecule AdipoR agonists, thus, may provide viable therapeutic options against metabolic disorders. Using a novel luciferase reporter-based assay here, we have identified Apigenin-6-C-glucoside (ACG), but not apigenin, as a specific agonist for the liver-rich AdipoR isoform, AdipoR2 (EC50: 384 pM) with >10000X preference over AdipoR1. Immunoblot analysis in HEK-293 overexpressing AdipoR2 or HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 liver cell lines revealed rapid AMPK, p38 activation and induction of typical AdipoR targets PGC-1α and PPARα by ACG at a pharmacologically relevant concentration of 100 nM (reported cMax in mouse; 297 nM). ACG-mediated AdipoR2 activation culminated in a favorable modulation of key metabolic events, including decreased inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, de novo lipogenesis, and increased fatty acid β-oxidation as determined by immunoblotting, QRT-PCR and extracellular flux analysis. AdipoR2 depletion or AMPK/p38 inhibition dampened these effects. The in vitro results were recapitulated in two different murine models of MASLD, where ACG at 10 mg/kg body weight robustly reduced hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, proinflammatory macrophage numbers, and increased hepatic glycogen content. Together, using in vitro experiments and rodent models, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept for AdipoR2 as a therapeutic target for MASLD and provide novel chemicobiological insights for the generation of translation-worthy pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Khatoon
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Nabanita Das
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sourav Chattopadhyay
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Abhinav Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Vishal Patel
- Zydus Research Center, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhishek Nirwan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jagavelu Kumaravelu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Rajput S, Kulkarni C, Sharma S, Tomar MS, Khatoon S, Gupta A, Sanyal S, Shrivastava A, Ghosh JK, Chattopadhyay N. Osteogenic effect of an adiponectin-derived short peptide that rebalances bone remodeling: a potential disease-modifying approach for postmenopausal osteoporosis therapy. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:736-755. [PMID: 39073743 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipokine, regulates metabolic processes, including glucose flux, lipid breakdown, and insulin response, by activating adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). We have previously shown that globular adiponectin (gAd), an endogenous form of adiponectin, has osteoanabolic and anti-catabolic effects in rodent models of postmenopausal osteopenia. Moreover, we reported the identification of a 13-mer peptide (ADP-1) from the collagen domain of adiponectin, which exhibited significant adiponectin-mimetic properties. Since the clinical development of gAd is constrained by its large size, here, we investigated the osteogenic property of ADP-1. ADP-1 induced osteoblast differentiation more potently than gAd. ADP-1 elicited osteoblast differentiation through two downstream pathways that involved the participation of adiponectin receptors. Firstly, it enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and OxPhos, leading to osteoblast differentiation. Secondly, it activated the Akt-glycogen synthase kinase 3β-Wnt pathway, thereby increasing osteoblast differentiation. Additionally, ADP-1 suppressed the production of receptor-activator of nuclear kappa B ligand from osteoblasts, enabling it to act as a dual-action molecule (suppressing osteoclast function besides promoting osteoblast function). In osteopenic ovariectomized rats, ADP-1 increased bone mass and strength and improved trabecular integrity by stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. Furthermore, by increasing ATP-producing intermediates within the tricarboxylic acid cycle in bones, ADP-1 likely fueled osteoblast function. Given its dual-action mechanism and high potency, ADP-1 offers a unique opportunity to address the unmet clinical need to reset the aberrant bone remodeling in osteoporosis to normalcy, potentially offering a disease-modifying impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Rajput
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Chirag Kulkarni
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Manendra Singh Tomar
- Centre for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shamima Khatoon
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Arvind Gupta
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Centre for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Jimut Kanti Ghosh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Gandhi S, Sweeney G, Perry CGR. Recent Advances in Pre-Clinical Development of Adiponectin Receptor Agonist Therapies for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1407. [PMID: 39061981 PMCID: PMC11274162 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by genetic mutations in the cytoskeletal-sarcolemmal anchor protein dystrophin. Repeated cycles of sarcolemmal tearing and repair lead to a variety of secondary cellular and physiological stressors that are thought to contribute to weakness, atrophy, and fibrosis. Collectively, these stressors can contribute to a pro-inflammatory milieu in locomotor, cardiac, and respiratory muscles. Given the many unwanted side effects that accompany current anti-inflammatory steroid-based approaches for treating DMD (e.g., glucocorticoids), there is a need to develop new therapies that address inflammation and other cellular dysfunctions. Adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonists, which stimulate AdipoR1 and R2 isoforms on various cell types, have emerged as therapeutic candidates for DMD due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and pro-myogenic properties in pre-clinical human and rodent DMD models. Although these molecules represent a new direction for therapeutic intervention, the mechanisms through which they elicit their beneficial effects are not yet fully understood, and DMD-specific data is limited. The overarching goal of this review is to investigate how adiponectin signaling may ameliorate pathology associated with dystrophin deficiency through inflammatory-dependent and -independent mechanisms and to determine if current data supports their future progression to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Gandhi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology and Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Christopher G. R. Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
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Anazco D, Acosta A, Cathcart-Rake EJ, D'Andre SD, Hurtado MD. Weight-centric prevention of cancer. OBESITY PILLARS 2024; 10:100106. [PMID: 38495815 PMCID: PMC10943063 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Background The link between excess adiposity and carcinogenesis has been well established for multiple malignancies, and cancer is one of the main contributors to obesity-related mortality. The potential role of different weight-loss interventions on cancer risk modification has been assessed, however, its clinical implications remain to be determined. In this clinical review, we present the data assessing the effect of weight loss interventions on cancer risk. Methods In this clinical review, we conducted a comprehensive search of relevant literature using MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies from inception to January 20, 2024. In this clinical review, we present systematic reviews and meta-analysis, randomized clinical trials, and prospective and retrospective observational studies that address the effect of different treatment modalities for obesity in cancer risk. In addition, we incorporate the opinions from experts in the field of obesity medicine and oncology regarding the potential of weight loss as a preventative intervention for cancer. Results Intentional weight loss achieved through different modalities has been associated with a reduced cancer incidence. To date, the effect of weight loss on the postmenopausal women population has been more widely studied, with multiple reports indicating a protective effect of weight loss on hormone-dependent malignancies. The effect of bariatric interventions as a protective intervention for cancer has been studied extensively, showing a significant reduction in cancer incidence and mortality, however, data for the effect of bariatric surgery on certain specific types of cancer is conflicting or limited. Conclusion Medical nutrition therapy, exercise, antiobesity medication, and bariatric interventions, might lead to a reduction in cancer risk through weight loss-dependent and independent factors. Further evidence is needed to better determine which population might benefit the most, and the amount of weight loss required to provide a clinically significant preventative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Anazco
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andres Acosta
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Maria D. Hurtado
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Abd El-Hameed AM, Eskandrani AA, Salah Abdel-Reheim E, Abdel Moneim A, Addaleel W. The amelioration effect of antidiabetic agents on cytokine expression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102029. [PMID: 38525262 PMCID: PMC10960149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a condition that is closely linked to diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), short for T2DM several different antidiabetic medications have been produced to regulate hyperglycemia, with indications that these therapies may have anti-inflammatory effects along with their glucose-lowering efficacy. Thus, this research was planned to explore the impact of antidiabetic agents on the cytokine expression levels -interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-37 when patients have T2DM. In this study, 168 eligible subject matter was split into two groups: 50 healthy individuals and 118 cases with T2DM, who were classified into two subgroups: 30 untreated patients and 88 patients treated with metformin-based therapy. The outcome exhibited a significant increase within HbA1c% and proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL- 6, and IL-17), whereas IL-37 decreased considerably in untreated cases with T2DM compared to those in subjects who are healthy. Furthermore, the results showed increased levels Regarding waist size, body mass index and assessment using that homeostasis model, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein levels, and heart danger elements in untreated cases with T2DM in comparison with hygienic subjects. Notably, treated patients with T2DM revealed an ameliorative impact on HbA1c, IL-6, IL-17, IL-37, IL-1β levels and lipid profile compared with untreated patients with T2DM. Antidiabetic agents may have a beneficial activity on the inflammatory status by reducing blood glucose levels, hyperlipidemia, and proinflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory activity of IL-37 can apply a potentially effective therapeutic goal in treating T2DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adel Abdel Moneim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Wessam Addaleel
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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Lu CF, Cang XM, Liu WS, Wang LH, Huang HY, Wang XQ, Zhao LH, Xu F. A late eating midpoint is associated with increased risk of diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2013-2020. Nutr J 2024; 23:39. [PMID: 38520010 PMCID: PMC10960429 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modifying diet is crucial for diabetes and complication management. Numerous studies have shown that adjusting eating habits to align with the circadian rhythm may positively affect metabolic health. However, eating midpoint, eating duration, and their associations with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are poorly understood. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2020) was examined for information on diabetes and dietary habits. From the beginning and ending times of each meal, we calculated the eating midpoint and eating duration. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were the specific diagnostic criteria for DKD. RESULTS In total, details of 2194 subjects with diabetes were collected for analysis. The overall population were divided into four subgroups based on the eating midpoint quartiles. The prevalence of DKD varied noticeably (P = 0.037) across the four categories. When comparing subjects in the second and fourth quartiles of eating midpoint to those in the first one, the odds ratios (ORs) of DKD were 1.31 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.67) and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.70), respectively. And after controlling for potential confounders, the corresponding ORs of DKD in the second and fourth quartiles were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.90) and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.85), respectively. CONCLUSIONS A strong correlation was found between an earlier eating midpoint and a reduced incidence of DKD. Eating early in the day may potentially improve renal outcomes in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiao-Min Cang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wang-Shu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hai-Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xue-Qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Jin L, Diaz-Canestro C, Wang Y, Tse MA, Xu A. Exerkines and cardiometabolic benefits of exercise: from bench to clinic. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:432-444. [PMID: 38321233 PMCID: PMC10940599 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has both immediate and long-lasting benefits on cardiometabolic health, and has been recommended as a cornerstone of treatment in the management of diabetes and cardiovascular conditions. Exerkines, which are defined as humoral factors responsive to acute or chronic exercise, have emerged as important players conferring some of the multiple cardiometabolic benefits of exercise. Over the past decades, hundreds of exerkines released from skeletal muscle, heart, liver, adipose tissue, brain, and gut have been identified, and several exerkines (such as FGF21, IL-6, and adiponectin) have been exploited therapeutically as exercise mimetics for the treatment of various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Recent advances in metagenomics have led to the identification of gut microbiota, a so-called "hidden" metabolic organ, as an additional class of exerkines determining the efficacy of exercise in diabetes prevention, cardiac protection, and exercise performance. Furthermore, multiomics-based studies have shown the feasibility of using baseline exerkine signatures to predict individual responses to exercise with respect to metabolic and cardiorespiratory health. This review aims to explore the molecular pathways whereby exerkine networks mediate the cardiometabolic adaptations to exercise by fine-tuning inter-organ crosstalk, and discuss the roadmaps for translating exerkine-based discovery into the therapeutic application and personalized medicine in the management of the cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Candela Diaz-Canestro
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Andrew Tse
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Sports and Exercise, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Engin A. Adiponectin Resistance in Obesity: Adiponectin Leptin/Insulin Interaction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:431-462. [PMID: 39287861 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The adiponectin (APN) levels in obesity are negatively correlated with chronic subclinical inflammation markers. The hypertrophic adipocytes cause obesity-linked insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, macrophage polarization is a key determinant regulating adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1/R2) expression and differential adiponectin-mediated macrophage inflammatory responses in obese individuals. In addition to decrease in adiponectin concentrations, the decline in AdipoR1/R2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression leads to a decrement in adiponectin binding to cell membrane, and this turns into attenuation in the adiponectin effects. This is defined as APN resistance, and it is linked with insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed subjects. The insulin-resistant group has a significantly higher leptin-to-APN ratio. The leptin-to-APN ratio is more than twofold higher in obese individuals. An increase in expression of AdipoRs restores insulin sensitivity and β-oxidation of fatty acids via triggering intracellular signal cascades. The ratio of high molecular weight to total APN is defined as the APN sensitivity index (ASI). This index is correlated to insulin sensitivity. Homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA)-APN and HOMA-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are the most suitable methods to estimate the metabolic risk in metabolic syndrome. While morbidly obese patients display a significantly higher plasma leptin and soluble (s)E-selectin concentrations, leptin-to-APN ratio, there is a significant negative correlation between leptin-to-APN ratio and sP-selectin in obese patients. When comparing the metabolic dysregulated obese group with the metabolically healthy obese group, postprandial triglyceride clearance, insulin resistance, and leptin resistance are significantly delayed following the oral fat tolerance test in the first group. A neuropeptide, Spexin (SPX), is positively correlated with the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and APN. APN resistance together with insulin resistance forms a vicious cycle. Despite normal or high APN levels, an impaired post-receptor signaling due to adaptor protein-containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine-binding domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (APPL1)/APPL2 may alter APN efficiency and activity. However, APPL2 blocks adiponectin signaling through AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 because of the competitive inhibition of APPL1. APPL1, the intracellular binding partner of AdipoRs, is also an important mediator of adiponectin-dependent insulin sensitization. The elevated adiponectin levels with adiponectin resistance are compensatory responses in the condition of an unusual discordance between insulin resistance and APN unresponsiveness. Hypothalamic recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-leptin (Lep) gene therapy reduces serum APN levels, and it is a more efficient strategy for long-term weight maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Sendur SN, Isgin Atici K, Turan Demirci B, Lay I, Buyuktuncer Z, Erbas T. The Triglycerides-Glucose Index Shows a Stronger Correlation with Serum Adiponectin Levels than Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:410-414. [PMID: 37437105 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the association between diverse surrogate markers of insulin resistance and adiponectin concentrations. Methods: Four hundred healthy participants were included. Two different cohorts were formed according to the body mass index (BMI) values. Group 1 (n = 200) consisted of individuals with normal BMI values (18.50-24.99 kg/m2), whereas in Group 2 (n = 200) there were overweight or obese individuals (BMI ≥25.00 kg/m2). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and triglycerides-glucose index (TyG) were calculated. Serum adiponectin levels were measured by ELISA. A correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between serum adiponectin and HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and TyG. Results: Participants in Group 2 were older (age in years: Group 1, 33.3 ± 6.8 vs. Group 2, 36.4 ± 7.0, P < 0.001). There was no gender difference between groups. Overweight or obese participants had higher BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, fat ratio, fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher in participants with normal BMI measures. Overweight or obese subjects were more insulin resistant (higher TyG index and HOMA-IR) and less insulin sensitive (lower QUICKI), P < 0.001 for all. Serum adiponectin levels were lower in Group 2 (serum adiponectin in ng/mL: Group 1, 11,880 ± 6838 vs. Group 2, 9115 ± 5766, P < 0.001). The correlation between TyG index and adiponectin was stronger than the correlation between QUICKI and adiponectin, and HOMA-IR and adiponectin (r for TyG and adiponectin -0.408, r for QUICKI and adiponectin 0.394, r for HOMA-IR and adiponectin -0.268, respectively, P < 0.001 for all correlations). Conclusions: TyG has a stronger association with adiponectin than HOMA-IR and QUICKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Nahit Sendur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Isgin Atici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Busra Turan Demirci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Incilay Lay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Buyuktuncer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tomris Erbas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Garella R, Bernacchioni C, Chellini F, Tani A, Palmieri F, Parigi M, Guasti D, Cassioli E, Castellini G, Ricca V, Bani D, Sassoli C, Donati C, Squecco R. Adiponectin Modulates Smooth Muscle Cell Morpho-Functional Properties in Murine Gastric Fundus via Sphingosine Kinase 2 Activation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1812. [PMID: 37763216 PMCID: PMC10532860 DOI: 10.3390/life13091812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are peptide hormones produced by the adipose tissue involved in several biological functions. Among adipokines, adiponectin (ADPN) has antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. It can also modulate food intake at central and peripheral levels, acting on hypothalamus and facilitating gastric relaxation. ADPN exerts its action interacting with two distinct membrane receptors and triggering some well-defined signaling cascades. The ceramidase activity of ADPN receptor has been reported in many tissues: it converts ceramide into sphingosine. In turn, sphingosine kinase (SK) phosphorylates it into sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P), a crucial mediator of many cellular processes including contractility. Using a multidisciplinary approach that combined biochemical, electrophysiological and morphological investigations, we explored for the first time the possible role of S1P metabolism in mediating ADPN effects on the murine gastric fundus muscle layer. By using a specific pharmacological inhibitor of SK2, we showed that ADPN affects smooth muscle cell membrane properties and contractile machinery via SK2 activation in gastric fundus, adding a piece of knowledge to the action mechanisms of this hormone. These findings help to identify ADPN and its receptors as new therapeutic targets or as possible prognostic markers for diseases with altered energy balance and for pathologies with fat mass content alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Caterina Bernacchioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (D.G.); (D.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (D.G.); (D.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Francesco Palmieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Martina Parigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (D.G.); (D.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (D.G.); (D.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.C.); (G.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.C.); (G.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.C.); (G.C.); (V.R.)
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (D.G.); (D.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (D.G.); (D.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.P.); (R.S.)
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11
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Xu B, Lv L, Chen X, Li X, Zhao X, Yang H, Feng W, Jiang X, Li J. Temporal relationships between BMI and obesity-related predictors of cardiometabolic and breast cancer risk in a longitudinal cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12361. [PMID: 37524743 PMCID: PMC10390576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prospective inter-relationships among biomarkers were unexplored, which may provide mechanistic insights into diseases. We investigated the longitudinal associations of BMI change with trajectories of biomarkers related to cardiometabolic or breast cancer risk. A longitudinal study was conducted among 444 healthy women between 2019 to 2021. Cross‑lagged path analysis was used to examine the temporal relationships among BMI, cardiometabolic risk score (CRS), and obesity‑related proteins score (OPS) of breast cancer. Linear mixed-effect models were applied to investigate associations of time-varying BMI with biomarker-based risk score trajectories. Baseline BMI was associated with subsequent change of breast cancer predictors (P = 0.03), and baseline CRS were positively associated with OPS change (P < 0.001) but not vice versa. After fully adjustment of confounders, we found a 0.058 (95%CI = 0.009-0.107, P = 0.020) units increase of CRS and a 1.021 (95%CI = 0.041-1.995, P = 0.040) units increase of OPS as BMI increased 1 kg/m2 per year in postmenopausal women. OPS increased 0.784 (95%CI = 0.053-1.512, P = 0.035) units as CRS increased 1 unit per year. However, among premenopausal women, BMI only significantly affected CRS (β = 0.057, 95%CI = 0.007 to 0.107, P = 0.025). No significant change of OPS with time-varying CRS was found. Higher increase rates of BMI were associated with worse trajectories of biomarker-based risk of cardiometabolic and breast cancer. The longitudinal impact of CRS on OPS is unidirectional. Recommendations such as weight control for the reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors may benefit breast cancer prevention, especially in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 16#, Section 3, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Kuriyama T, Murata Y, Ohtani R, Yahara R, Nakashima S, Mori M, Ohe K, Mine K, Enjoji M. Modified activity-based anorexia paradigm dampens chronic food restriction-induced hyperadiponectinemia in adolescent female mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289020. [PMID: 37478069 PMCID: PMC10361472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a chronic, life-threatening disease with mental and physical components that include excessive weight loss, persistent food restriction, and altered body image. It is sometimes accompanied by hyperactivity, day-night reversal, and amenorrhea. No medications have been approved specific to the treatment of AN, partially due to its unclear etiopathogenesis. Because adiponectin is an appetite-regulating cytokine released by adipose tissue, we hypothesized that it could be useful as a specific biomarker that reflects the disease state of AN, so we developed a modified AN mouse model to test this hypothesis. Twenty-eight 3-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) no intervention; 2) running wheel access; 3) food restriction (FR); and 4) activity-based anorexia (ABA) that included running wheel access plus FR. After a 10-day cage adaptation period, the mice of the FR and ABA groups were given 40% of their baseline food intake until 30% weight reduction (acute FR), then the body weight was maintained for 2.5 weeks (chronic FR). Running wheel activity and the incidence of the estrous cycle were assessed. Spontaneous food restriction and the plasma adiponectin level were evaluated at the end of the acute and chronic FR phases. An increase in running wheel activity was found in the light phase, and amenorrhea was found solely in the ABA group, which indicates that this is a good model of AN. This group showed a slight decrease in spontaneous food intake accompanied with an attenuated level of normally induced plasma adiponectin at the end of the chronic FR phase. These results indicate that the plasma adiponectin level may be a useful candidate biomarker for the status or stage of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kuriyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murata
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Reika Ohtani
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rei Yahara
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Mori
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohe
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mine
- Faculty of Neurology and Psychiatry, BOOCS Clinic Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Munechika Enjoji
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Kadowaki S, Tamura Y, Sugimoto D, Kaga H, Suzuki R, Someya Y, Yamasaki N, Sato M, Kakehi S, Kanazawa A, Kawamori R, Watada H. A Short-Term High-Fat Diet Worsens Insulin Sensitivity with Changes in Metabolic Parameters in Non-Obese Japanese Men. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4084. [PMID: 37373776 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A short-term high-calorie high-fat diet (HCHFD) impairs insulin sensitivity in non-obese South Asian but not Caucasian men; however, the effect of short-term HCHFD on insulin sensitivity in East Asians is unknown. We recruited 21 healthy non-obese Japanese men to evaluate metabolic parameters and gut microbiota before and after 6-day HCHFD consisting of a regular diet plus a 45% energy excess with dairy fat supplementation. We evaluated tissue-specific insulin sensitivity and metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) using a two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, glucose tolerance using the glucose tolerance test, and measured ectopic fat in muscle and the liver using ¹H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The primary outcome of this study was insulin sensitivity measured by the clamp study. The secondary/exploratory outcomes were other metabolic changes. After HCHFD, levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), a marker of endotoxemia, increased by 14%. In addition, intramyocellular lipid levels in the tibialis anterior and soleus and intrahepatic lipid levels increased by 47%, 31%, and 200%, respectively. Insulin sensitivity decreased by 4% in muscle and 8% in liver. However, even with reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism was maintained by increased serum insulin concentrations due to lower MCRI and higher endogenous insulin secretion during the clamp. Glucose levels during the meal tolerance test were comparable before and after HCHFD. In conclusion, short-term HCHFD impaired insulin sensitivity in the muscle and livers of non-obese Japanese men with increased LBP and ectopic fat accumulation. Elevated insulin levels from modulated insulin secretion and clearance might contribute to the maintenance of normal glucose metabolism during the clamp and meal tolerance test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kadowaki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Sports Medicine & Sportology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugimoto
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Kaga
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ruriko Suzuki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuki Someya
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yamasaki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Motonori Sato
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Saori Kakehi
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Sports Medicine & Sportology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akio Kanazawa
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Sports Medicine & Sportology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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14
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Redondo-Flórez L, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2749. [PMID: 37375654 PMCID: PMC10302286 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried foods, conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy products, and high-fructose products. The present review aims to describe the effect of the Western pattern diet on the metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status; the impact on gut microbiota and mitochondrial fitness; the effect of on cardiovascular health, mental health, and cancer; and the sanitary cost of the Western diet. To achieve this goal, a consensus critical review was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary sources, including bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, and the Web of Science were used to complete the assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords such "Western diet", "inflammation", "metabolic health", "metabolic fitness", "heart disease", "cancer", "oxidative stress", "mental health", and "metabolism" were used. The following exclusion criteria were applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane to the review's primary focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings of conferences, and unpublished studies. This information will allow for a better comprehension of this nutritional behavior and its effect on an individual's metabolism and health, as well as the impact on national sanitary systems. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (V.J.C.-S.); (J.F.T.-A.)
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15
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Jakubowicz D, Rosenblum RC, Wainstein J, Twito O. Influence of Fasting until Noon (Extended Postabsorptive State) on Clock Gene mRNA Expression and Regulation of Body Weight and Glucose Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087154. [PMID: 37108316 PMCID: PMC10138720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The trend of fasting until noon (omission or delayed breakfast) is increasingly prevalent in modern society. This eating pattern triggers discordance between endogenous circadian clock rhythms and the feeding/fasting cycle and is associated with an increased incidence of obesity and T2D. Although the underlying mechanism of this association is not well understood, growing evidence suggests that fasting until noon, also known as an "extended postabsorptive state", has the potential to cause a deleterious effect on clock gene expression and to disrupt regulation of body weight, postprandial and overall glycemia, skeletal muscle protein synthesis, and appetite, and may also lead to lower energy expenditure. This manuscript overviews the clock gene-controlled glucose metabolism during the active and resting phases and the consequences of postponing until noon the transition from postabsorptive to fed state on glucose metabolism, weight control, and energy expenditure. Finally, we will discuss the metabolic advantages of shifting more energy, carbohydrates (CH), and proteins to the early hours of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jakubowicz
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon 58100, Israel
| | - Rachel Chava Rosenblum
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon 58100, Israel
| | - Julio Wainstein
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon 58100, Israel
| | - Orit Twito
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Holon 58100, Israel
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16
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Xu W, Li J, Ji C, Fang D, Yao L, Xu N, Yi W. Activation of POMC neurons to adiponectin participating in EA-mediated improvement of high-fat diet IR mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1145079. [PMID: 37034166 PMCID: PMC10077892 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1145079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the common pathological manifestations of metabolic-related diseases, and the prevalence of relevant diseases is high. Acupuncture is beneficial to IR patients, but the central mechanism underlying this treatment remains unclear. This study provides mechanistic insights into how electroacupuncture (EA) improves IR through the response of Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons to adiponectin (Adipo). Methods Glucose tolerance tests (GTT), Insulin tolerance tests (ITT) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were detected by glucometer. Serum insulin, Adipo and skeletal muscle adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) protein levels were examined by ELISA. Homeostasis model assessment estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated using the following formula: HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (FINS) (mU/L) × FBG (mmol/L)/22.5. The expression levels of AdipoR1 and Adipo mRNA in skeletal muscle were detected by real-time PCR quantification. The co-marking of c-Fos/AdipoR1 and POMC neurons were investigated using immunofluorescence. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) of POMC neurons and the response of POMC neurons to Adipo were detected via electrophysiology. Results EA significantly ameliorated HFD-induced impairment of GTT, ITT, FBG, and HOMA-IR which was correlated with recovery of the expression level of AdipoR1 and Adipo in skeletal muscle. The improved response of POMC neurons to Adipo in the hypothalamus may be a key factor in correcting abnormal glucose tolerance and improving IR. Conclusion This study demonstrates that EA can ameliorate HFD-induced impaired glucose tolerance through improved response of POMC neurons to Adipo in the hypothalamus, providing insight into the central mechanism of improving IR through EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danwei Fang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Yao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nenggui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yi
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Yi,
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17
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Singhal A, Singh Punia V, Bharti A, Mittal S, Mishra PR, Kuma P. A Study of Correlation of Adiponectin Levels in Metabolic Syndrome. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10146572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), also known as insulin resistance syndrome, is described as a cluster of cardiometabolic symptoms such as high blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose, or insulin resistance. MetS is one of the most serious public health problems being faced globally. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine its prevalence, as well as the relationship between blood adiponectin levels and the development of MetS.
Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional hospital-based study was performed in the Department of General Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, from January 2019–June 2020. Sixty patients attending the medicine out- or inpatient department, who confirmed consent, and fit into the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) inclusion criteria for MetS, were recruited for this study. The final sample size for this study was found to be 60, with a prevalence of 10%. This is the reason the study’s precision decreased to ±7.6%, implying that the precision of the end result may vary by ±7.6%.
Results: Subjects without MetS were on average younger, had a lower BMI, and had a smaller waist circumference than those who had MetS, according to the findings. They also had lower blood pressure, pulse rate, and fasting plasma glucose levels than the people with MetS, and there were statistically significant variations in lipid profiles between those with and without MetS. In people who did not have MetS, the mean serum adiponectin concentration was 15.79±2.90 mg/mL, whereas the mean serum adiponectin concentration in people who did have MetS was 11.02±2.63 mg/mL (p<0.001). The levels of adiponectin were compared with the different components of MetS as defined by the IDF. The mean adiponectin concentrations in connection to the clinical characteristics of MetS are shown in Table 1 . The authors discovered that lower adiponectin levels were statistically significantly linked with the majority of the characteristics. In a multivariate analysis, the serum adiponectin content was found to be significantly inversely associated to systolic blood pressure (r=-0.262; p<0.050), BMI (r=-0.288; p<0.050), total cholesterol (r=-0.515; p<0.001), and low-density lipoprotein (r=-0.305; p<0.050) in the study participants.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the present results suggest that circulating levels of adiponectin are reduced in the presence of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurv Singhal
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vedpal Singh Punia
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akash Bharti
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaavi Mittal
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Raman Mishra
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prem Kuma
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Lederer AK, Storz MA, Huber R, Hannibal L, Neumann E. Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin after a 4-Week Vegan Diet: A Randomized-Controlled Pilot Trial in Healthy Participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811370. [PMID: 36141644 PMCID: PMC9517500 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin and leptin are important mediators of metabolic homeostasis. The actions of these adipokines extend beyond adipocytes and include systemic modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, nutrient flux, and the immune response to changes in nutrition. Herein, we hypothesized that short-term intervention with a vegan diet might result in an improvement of plasma concentrations of adiponectin and leptin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio. We investigated the response of plasma adiponectin and leptin to a 4-week intervention with a vegan or meat-rich diet and its associations with sex, BMI and nutritional intake. Fifty-three healthy, omnivore participants (62% female, average age 31 years and BMI 23.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a vegan or meat-rich diet for 4 weeks. Plasma adiponectin and leptin were lower in men compared to women both at the beginning and end of the trial. The concentration of adiponectin in women was significantly higher both when comparing their transition from omnivorous to vegan diet (p = 0.023) and also for vegan versus meat-rich diet at the end of the trial (p = 0.001), whereas plasma leptin did not vary significantly. No changes in adiponectin were identified in men, yet an increase in leptin occurred upon their transition from an omnivorous to a meat-rich diet (p = 0.019). Examination of plasma adiponectin/leptin ratio, a proposed marker of cardiovascular risk, did not differ after 4-weeks of dietary intervention. Our study revealed that adiponectin and leptin concentrations are sensitive to short-term dietary intervention in a sex-dependent manner. This dietary modification of leptin and adiponectin not only occurs quickly as demonstrated in our study, but it remains such as published in studies with individuals who are established (long-term) vegetarians compared to omnivorous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Lederer
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-27082010
| | - Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elena Neumann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 61213 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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19
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Берковская МА, Гурова ОЮ, Хайкина ИА, Фадеев ВВ. [Time-restricted eating as a novel strategy for treatment of obesity and it's comorbid conditions]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2022; 68:78-91. [PMID: 36104969 PMCID: PMC9762455 DOI: 10.14341/probl13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The article provides a review of the current literature about time-restricted eating (TRE) as a new tool for the treatment of obesity and comorbid conditions. The search for new nutritional strategies in obesity, one of which is TRE, is due to the weak adherence of patients to hypocaloric diets in the long term, as well as the available data on the importance of -desynchronization of food intake with natural circadian rhythms in the development and progression of obesity and cardio--metabolic complications. The article describes the main mechanisms that regulate the circadian rhythms of food intake and nutrient absorption, substantiates the importance of adhering to a physiological diet for maintaining metabolic health. The main part of the review is devoted to reviewing the currently available researches on the effectiveness of various strategies of intermittent energy restriction for weight loss and the correction of metabolic parameters. Potential mechanisms of the -effect of TRE on health are discussed, including those mediated by an unintentional decrease in caloric intake and changes in eating behavior, and differences in the effectiveness of early and late TRE. The article contains a detailed discussion of the potential problems and contradictions associated with the use of time-restricted eating in clinical practice, namely: the limitations and inconsistencies of the available clinical trials, the lack of data on long-term efficacy and safety, social and psychological limitations that impede the widespread use of TRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- М. А. Берковская
- Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова
| | - О. Ю. Гурова
- Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова
| | - И. А. Хайкина
- Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова
| | - В. В. Фадеев
- Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова
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20
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Qian Y, Xia F, Zuo Y, Zhong M, Yang L, Jiang Y, Zou C. Do patients with Prader-Willi syndrome have favorable glucose metabolism? Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:187. [PMID: 35525976 PMCID: PMC9077846 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, more studies have observed that patients with Prader–Willi syndrome have lower insulin levels and lower insulin resistance than body mass index-matched controls, which may suggest protected glucose metabolism. Method The PubMed and Web of Science online databases were searched to identify relevant studies published in the English language using the terms “Prader–Willi syndrome” with “glucose”, “insulin”, “diabetes mellitus”, “fat”, “adipo*”, “ghrelin”, “oxytocin”, “irisin” or “autonomic nervous system”. Results The prevalence of impaired glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and some other obesity-associated complications in patients with Prader–Willi syndrome tends to be lower when compared to that in general obesity, which is consistent with the hypothetically protected glucose metabolism. Factors including adipose tissue, adiponectin, ghrelin, oxytocin, irisin, growth hormone and the autonomic nervous system possibly modulate insulin sensitivity in patients with Prader–Willi syndrome. Conclusion Although lower insulin levels, lower IR and protected glucose metabolism are widely reported in PWS patients, the causes are still mysterious. Based on existing knowledge, we cannot determine which factor is of utmost importance and what are the underlying mechanisms, and further research is in urgent need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Fangling Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yiming Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Mianling Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yonghui Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Chaochun Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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21
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Antioxidant Polyphenols of Antirhea borbonica Medicinal Plant and Caffeic Acid Reduce Cerebrovascular, Inflammatory and Metabolic Disorders Aggravated by High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in a Mouse Model of Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050858. [PMID: 35624723 PMCID: PMC9138119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders related to obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with aggravated cerebrovascular damages during stroke. In particular, hyperglycemia alters redox and inflammatory status, leading to cerebral endothelial cell dysfunction, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and brain homeostasis loss. Polyphenols constitute the most abundant dietary antioxidants and exert anti-inflammatory effects that may improve cerebrovascular complications in stroke. This study evaluated the effects of the characterized polyphenol-rich extract of Antirhea borbonica medicinal plant and its major constituent caffeic acid on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model during ischemic stroke, and murine bEnd3 cerebral endothelial cells in high glucose condition. In vivo, polyphenols administered by oral gavage for 12 weeks attenuated insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia caused by HFD-induced obesity. Polyphenols limited brain infarct, hemorrhagic transformation and BBB disruption aggravated by obesity during stroke. Polyphenols exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties by reducing IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α and Nrf2 overproduction as well as total SOD activity elevation at the cerebral or peripheral levels in obese mice. In vitro, polyphenols decreased MMP-2 activity that correlated with MCP-1 secretion and ROS intracellular levels in hyperglycemic condition. Protective effects of polyphenols were linked to their bioavailability with evidence for circulating metabolites including caffeic acid, quercetin and hippuric acid. Altogether, these findings show that antioxidant polyphenols reduced cerebrovascular, inflammatory and metabolic disorders aggravated by obesity in a mouse model of stroke. It will be relevant to assess polyphenol-based strategies to improve the clinical consequences of stroke in the context of obesity and diabetes.
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22
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Remodeling and Fibrosis of the Cardiac Muscle in the Course of Obesity-Pathogenesis and Involvement of the Extracellular Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084195. [PMID: 35457013 PMCID: PMC9032681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemiological problem, as two-thirds of the adult population are carrying excess weight. It is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarct, and atrial fibrillation). It has also been shown that chronic obesity in people may be a cause for the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), whose components include cellular hypertrophy, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and increased extracellular collagen deposition. Several animal models with induced obesity, via the administration of a high-fat diet, also developed increased heart fibrosis as a result of extracellular collagen accumulation. Excessive collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the course of obesity may increase the stiffness of the myocardium and thereby deteriorate the heart diastolic function and facilitate the occurrence of HFpEF. In this review, we include a rationale for that process, including a discussion about possible putative factors (such as increased renin–angiotensin–aldosterone activity, sympathetic overdrive, hemodynamic alterations, hypoadiponectinemia, hyperleptinemia, and concomitant heart diseases). To address the topic clearly, we include a description of the fundamentals of ECM turnover, as well as a summary of studies assessing collagen deposition in obese individuals.
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23
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Chenni A, Cherif FZH, Chenni K, Elius EE, Pucci L, Yahia DA. Effects of Pumpkin ( Cucurbita pepo L.) Seed Protein on Blood Pressure, Plasma Lipids, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Oxidative Stress in Rats with Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:78-88. [PMID: 35465120 PMCID: PMC9007700 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.1.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the potential effects of pumpkin seeds protein on blood pressure (BP), plasma adiponectin, leptin levels, and oxidative stress in rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Twenty four male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups and fed a 20% casein diet, 20% casein diet supplemented with pumpkin protein, 20% casein diet with 64% D-fructose, or 20% casein diet with pumpkin protein and 64% D-fructose for 8 weeks. Contin-uous fructose feeding induced an increase in plasma insulin/glucose ratio, BP, insulin and glucose, aspartate aminotrans-ferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels, and a decrease in the liver and muscle glycogen stores. In addition, elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and leptin and lowered adiponectin levels were observed in rats fed a fructose-enriched diet. These groups also exhibited lower plasma levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione, higher thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hydroperoxide, carbonyl, and nitric oxide in both the liver and kidneys than rats fed the control diet. Interestingly, pumpkin seed protein treatment significantly counteracted alterations induced by fructose improving glucose, insulin, BP, TG, TC, ALT, and ALP levels, increasing liver and muscle glycogen stores, adiponectin level, and adiponectin/leptin ratio, and reducing plasma leptin lev-els. In addition, rats fed pumpkin protein with a high-fructose diet improved oxidative stress in the liver and kidneys. In conclusion, proteins from Cucurbita pepo L. seeds effectively improve metabolic parameters and protect against oxidative stress induced by a high-fructose diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Chenni
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Oran University of Science and Technology-Mohamed Boudiaf, Bir El Djir 31000, Algeria
| | - Fatima Zohr Hamza Cherif
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Oran1-Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Karima Chenni
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oran1-Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Elif Erdogan Elius
- Department of Food Technology, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Mersin University, Mersin 33110, Turkey
| | - Laura Pucci
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Dalila Ait Yahia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Oran1-Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran 31000, Algeria
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24
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Manley SJ, Olou AA, Jack JL, Ruckert MT, Walsh RM, Eades AE, Bye BA, Ambrose J, Messaggio F, Anant S, VanSaun MN. Synthetic adiponectin-receptor agonist, AdipoRon, induces glycolytic dependence in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:114. [PMID: 35121743 PMCID: PMC8817044 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity creates a localized inflammatory reaction in the adipose, altering secretion of adipocyte-derived factors that contribute to pathologies including cancer. We have previously shown that adiponectin inhibits pancreatic cancer by antagonizing leptin-induced STAT3 activation. Yet, the effects of adiponectin on pancreatic cancer cell metabolism have not been addressed. In these studies, we have uncovered a novel metabolic function for the synthetic adiponectin-receptor agonist, AdipoRon. Treatment of PDAC cells with AdipoRon led to mitochondrial uncoupling and loss of ATP production. Concomitantly, AdipoRon-treated cells increased glucose uptake and utilization. This metabolic switch further correlated with AMPK mediated inhibition of the prolipogenic factor acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (ACC1), which is known to initiate fatty acid catabolism. Yet, measurements of fatty acid oxidation failed to detect any alteration in response to AdipoRon treatment, suggesting a deficiency for compensation. Additional disruption of glycolytic dependence, using either a glycolysis inhibitor or low-glucose conditions, demonstrated an impairment of growth and survival of all pancreatic cancer cell lines tested. Collectively, these studies provide evidence that pancreatic cancer cells utilize metabolic plasticity to upregulate glycolysis in order to adapt to suppression of oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of AdipoRon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J Manley
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Appolinaire A Olou
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jarrid L Jack
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Mariana T Ruckert
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - R McKinnon Walsh
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Austin E Eades
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Bailey A Bye
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Joe Ambrose
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Fanuel Messaggio
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Michael N VanSaun
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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25
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Chattopadhyay S, Joharapurkar A, Das N, Khatoon S, Kushwaha S, Gurjar AA, Singh AK, Shree S, Ahmed MZ, China SP, Pal S, Kumar H, Ramachandran R, Patel V, Trivedi AK, Lahiri A, Jain MR, Chattopadhyay N, Sanyal S. Estradiol overcomes adiponectin-resistance in diabetic mice by regulating skeletal muscle adiponectin receptor 1 expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 540:111525. [PMID: 34856343 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin and insulin resistance creates a vicious cycle that exacerbates type 2 diabetes. Earlier, we observed that female leptin receptor-deficient BLKS mice (BKS-db/db) were more sensitive to an adiponectin mimetic GTDF than males, which led us to explore if E2 plays a crucial role in modulation of adiponectin-sensitivity. Male but not female BKS-db/db mice were resistant to metabolic effects of globular adiponectin treatment. Male BKS-db/db displayed reduced skeletal muscle AdipoR1 protein expression, which was consequent to elevated polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTB) and miR-221. E2 treatment in male BKS-db/db, and ovariectomized BALB/c mice rescued AdipoR1 protein expression via downregulation of PTB and miR-221, and also directly increased AdipoR1 mRNA by its classical nuclear receptors. Estrogen receptor regulation via dietary or pharmacological interventions may improve adiponectin resistance and consequently ameliorate insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Adiponectin/metabolism
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Drug Resistance/genetics
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Receptors, Adiponectin/genetics
- Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism
- Receptors, Leptin/genetics
- Sex Characteristics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Chattopadhyay
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Nabanita Das
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Shamima Khatoon
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anagha Ashok Gurjar
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sonal Shree
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Md Zohaib Ahmed
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Shyamsundar Pal China
- AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow, 226031, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ravishankar Ramachandran
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Vishal Patel
- Zydus Research Center, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow, 226031, India; Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Amit Lahiri
- AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow, 226031, India; Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow, 226031, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow, 226031, India.
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26
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The Roles and Associated Mechanisms of Adipokines in Development of Metabolic Syndrome. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020334. [PMID: 35056647 PMCID: PMC8781412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic indicators that increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Visceral obesity and factors derived from altered adipose tissue, adipokines, play critical roles in the development of metabolic syndrome. Although the adipokines leptin and adiponectin improve insulin sensitivity, others contribute to the development of glucose intolerance, including visfatin, fetuin-A, resistin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Leptin and adiponectin increase fatty acid oxidation, prevent foam cell formation, and improve lipid metabolism, while visfatin, fetuin-A, PAI-1, and resistin have pro-atherogenic properties. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of various adipokines in the development of metabolic syndrome, focusing on glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism.
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27
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He K, Nie L, Ali T, Wang S, Chen X, Liu Z, Li W, Zhang K, Xu J, Liu J, Yu Z, Yang X, Li S. Adiponectin alleviated Alzheimer-like pathologies via autophagy-lysosomal activation. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13514. [PMID: 34775673 PMCID: PMC8672778 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) deficiency has also been associated with Alzheimer‐like pathologies. Recent studies have illuminated the importance of APN signaling in reducing Aβ accumulation, and the Aβ elimination mechanism remains rudimentary. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the APN role in reducing Aβ accumulation and its associated abnormalities by targeting autophagy and lysosomal protein changes. To assess, we performed a combined pharmacological and genetic approach while using preclinical models and human samples. Our results demonstrated that the APN level significantly diminished in the plasma of patients with dementia and 5xFAD mice (6 months old), which positively correlated with Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and negatively correlated with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), respectively. APN deficiency accelerated cognitive impairment, Aβ deposition, and neuroinflammation in 5xFAD mice (5xFAD*APN KO), which was significantly rescued by AdipoRon (AR) treatment. Furthermore, AR treatment also markedly reduced Aβ deposition and attenuated neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice without altering APP expression and processing. Interestingly, AR treatment triggered autophagy by mediating AMPK‐mTOR pathway signaling. Most importantly, APN deficiency dysregulated lysosomal enzymes level, which was recovered by AR administration. We further validated these changes by proteomic analysis. These findings reveal that APN is the negative regulator of Aβ deposition and its associated pathophysiologies. To eliminate Aβ both extra‐ and intracellular deposition, APN contributes via the autophagic/lysosomal pathway. It presents a therapeutic avenue for AD therapy by targeting autophagic and lysosomal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
| | - Lulin Nie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
| | - Tahir Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Shujin Wang
- Department of Neurology the First People’s Hospital of Zibo Affiliated to Weifang Medical College Zibo China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
| | - Zizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Weifen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Kaiqin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
- College of Public Health University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Jia Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
- Department of Pathophysiology Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
| | - Zhi‐Jian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key laboratory for endogenous infections the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center Nanshan District Shenzhen China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
- Campbell Research Institute Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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Harasymowicz NS, Azfer A, Burnett R, Simpson H, Salter DM. Chondrocytes from osteoarthritic cartilage of obese patients show altered adiponectin receptors expression and response to adiponectin. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2333-2339. [PMID: 33484170 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and osteoarthritis (OA) are well-known comorbidities and their precise molecular interactions are still unidentified. Adiponectin, a major adipokine, known to have an anti-inflammatory effect in atherosclerosis or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), has also been postulated to be pro-inflammatory in OA. This dual role of adiponectin is still not explained. The precise mechanism by which adiponectin affects cartilage and chondrocytes remains to be elucidated. In the present observational study chondrocytes from 30 patients with OA (18 females and 12 males) undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) were isolated. Expression of adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) was examined both at gene and protein levels in chondrocytes. The difference in adiponectin receptor expression between lean and obese patients with OA and the role of adiponectin in regulating pro-inflammatory genes (MCP-1, IL-6, and VCAM-1, MMP-1, MMP-2, and TIMP-1) has been investigated. We found that ADIPOR1 represented the most abundant adiponectin receptor in primary OA chondrocytes. ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 genes and ADIPOR1 protein were differently expressed in OA chondrocytes obtained from obese compared with lean patients with OA. Adiponectin induced gene expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and MMP-1 in all OA patients' chondrocytes. In contrast, VCAM-1 and MMP-2 were differently regulated by adiponectin depending on the patient's body mass index. This study suggests that adiponectin and ADIPOR1 may have important roles in the pathogenesis of cartilage degeneration in OA of obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asim Azfer
- Bone Research Group, Center for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Burnett
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hamish Simpson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Donald M Salter
- Bone Research Group, Center for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Cheng C, Xue F, Sui W, Meng L, Xie L, Zhang C, Yang J, Zhang Y. Deletion of natriuretic peptide receptor C alleviates adipose tissue inflammation in hypercholesterolemic Apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9837-9850. [PMID: 34528389 PMCID: PMC8505842 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammation of adipose tissue is one of the most common secondary pathological changes in atherosclerosis, which in turn influences the process of atherosclerosis. Natriuretic peptides have been revealed important effect in regulating adipose metabolism. However, the relationship between natriuretic peptide receptor C and inflammation of adipose tissue in atherosclerosis remains unknown. This study aims to explore the effect natriuretic peptide receptor C exerts on the regulation of the adipose inflammation in atherosclerotic mice induced by western-type diet and its overlying mechanisms. To clarify the importance of NPRC of adipose inflammation in atherosclerotic mice, NPRC expression was measured in mice fed with chow diet and western-type diet for 12 weeks and we found a considerable increase in adipose tissue of atherosclerotic mice. Global NPRC knockout in mice was bred onto ApoE-/- mice to generate NPRC-/- ApoE-/- mice, which displayed remarked increase in browning of white adipose tissue and lipolysis of adipose tissue and decrease in adipose inflammation manifested by decreased macrophage invasion to form less CLS (crown-like structure), reduced oxidative stress and alleviated expression of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β and MCP1, but increased expression of adiponectin in adipose tissue. Moreover, our study showed that white adipose tissue browning in NPRC-/- ApoE-/- atherosclerotic mice was associated with decreased inflammatory response through cAMP/PKA signalling activation. These results identify NPRC as a novel regulator for adipose inflammation in atherosclerotic mice by modulating white adipose tissue browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhai Sui
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yu H, Wang S, Hu W, Xu L, Ding Y, Kong D, Pan H. Association between Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms of RXRG and Genetic Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes in South China. Curr Mol Med 2021; 20:408-414. [PMID: 31808386 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666191206163951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of RXRG rs1467664, rs3753898 and the genetic susceptibility of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese Han population from South China. METHODS In our case-control study, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1467664 and rs3753898 were genotyped by SNPscanTM kit in 1092 patients with T2D as cases and 1092 normal persons as controls. The distributions of genotype and allele frequencies in two groups were analyzed by the SPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS The distribution of genotypes and alleles of RXRG rs3753898 was statistically significant between the two groups, but there was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and alleles of the rs1467664. Before and after the adjustment of age, sex and BMI, rs3753898 in the two groups had statistical significance under the additive, dominant and recessive models (P<0.05), but no statistical differences were found under the overdominance and co-dominant genetic models (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the genetic models of rs1467664 between the two groups (P>0.05). The haplotype, which consists of rs1467664 allele T and rs3753898 allele A was a high-risk factor for T2D, OR=1.27, 95% CI (1.09-1.47), Padj=0.002. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the single nucleotide polymorphism of RXRG rs3753898 may be related to genetic susceptibility of type 2 diabetes. The haplotype consisting of the allele T of rs1467664 and the allele A of rs3753898 is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, suggesting that the genetic variation of RXRG gene may be the genetic cause of diabetes mellitus in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuanlin Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Danli Kong
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Haiyan Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Xu X, Huang X, Zhang L, Huang X, Qin Z, Hua F. Adiponectin protects obesity-related glomerulopathy by inhibiting ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammation pathway. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:218. [PMID: 34107901 PMCID: PMC8191043 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that plays a key regulatory role in glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity. The prevalence of obesity has led to an increase in the incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). This study aimed to identify the protective role of adiponectin in ORG. METHODS Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) against the gene encoding adiponectin was transfected into podocytes. The oxidative stress level was determined using a fluorometric assay. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of podocyte markers and pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-related proteins were measured by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. RESULTS Podocytes treated with palmitic acid (PA) showed downregulated expressions of podocyte markers, increased apoptosis, upregulated levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins, increased production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-18 and IL-1β), and induced activation of NF-κB as compared to the vehicle-treated controls. Decreased adiponectin expression was observed in the serum samples from high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Decreased podocin expression and upregulated NLRP3 expression were observed in the kidney samples from high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Treatment with adiponectin or the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, MCC950, protected cultured podocytes against podocyte apoptosis and inflammation. Treatment with adiponectin protected mouse kidney tissues against decreased podocin expression and upregulated NLRP3 expression. The knockout of adiponectin gene by siRNA increased ROS production, resulting in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the phosphorylation of NF-κB in podocytes. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an NF-κB inhibitor, prevented adiponectin from ameliorating FFA-induced podocyte injury and NLRP3 activation. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that adiponectin ameliorated PA-induced podocyte injury in vitro and HFD-induced injury in vivo via inhibiting the ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. These data suggest the potential use of adiponectin for the prevention and treatment of ORG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.185 Bureau Front Street, 213003, Changzhou City, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian City, China
- Department of Nephrology, Suqian People's Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian City, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.185 Bureau Front Street, 213003, Changzhou City, China
| | - Liexiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian City, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suqian People's Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian City, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.185 Bureau Front Street, 213003, Changzhou City, China
| | - Zihan Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.185 Bureau Front Street, 213003, Changzhou City, China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.185 Bureau Front Street, 213003, Changzhou City, China.
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Liu XH, Graham ZA, Harlow L, Pan J, Azulai D, Bauman WA, Yarrow J, Cardozo CP. Spinal Cord Injury Reduces Serum Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 and Impairs Its Signaling Pathways in Liver and Adipose Tissue in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:668984. [PMID: 34046014 PMCID: PMC8147560 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.668984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in dysregulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; the underlying cellular and physiological mechanisms remain unclear. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a circulating protein primarily secreted by the liver that lowers blood glucose levels, corrects abnormal lipid profiles, and mitigates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. FGF21 acts via activating FGF receptor 1 and ß-klotho in adipose tissue and stimulating release of adiponectin from adipose tissue which in turn signals in the liver and skeletal muscle. We examined FGF21/adiponectin signaling after spinal cord transection in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) or a standard mouse chow. Tissues were collected at 84 days after spinal cord transection or a sham SCI surgery. SCI reduced serum FGF21 levels and hepatic FGF21 expression, as well as β-klotho and FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1) mRNA expression in adipose tissue. SCI also reduced serum levels and adipose tissue mRNA expression of adiponectin and leptin, two major adipokines. In addition, SCI suppressed hepatic type 2 adiponectin receptor (AdipoR2) mRNA expression and PPARα activation in the liver. Post-SCI mice fed a HFD had further suppression of serum FGF21 levels and hepatic FGF21 expression. Elevated serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels after HFD feeding were observed in post-SCI mice but not in sham-mice, suggesting defective FFA uptake after SCI. Moreover, after SCI several genes that are implicated in insulin's action had reduced expression in tissues of interest. These findings suggest that downregulated FGF21/adiponectin signaling and impaired responsiveness of adipose tissues to FGF21 may, at least in part, contribute to the overall picture of metabolic dysfunction after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Liu
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zachary A. Graham
- Research Service, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lauren Harlow
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jiangping Pan
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Daniella Azulai
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - William A. Bauman
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua Yarrow
- Research Service and Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher P. Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Research Service, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Kiya M, Tamura Y, Takeno K, Someya Y, Kakehi S, Sato M, Yamasaki N, Kadowaki S, Suzuki R, Furukawa Y, Sugimoto D, Kaga H, Funayama T, Nishitani-Yokoyama M, Shimada K, Daida H, Aoki S, Satoh H, Kawamori R, Watada H. Adipose Insulin Resistance and Decreased Adiponectin Are Correlated With Metabolic Abnormalities in Nonobese Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2228-e2238. [PMID: 33484562 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue dysfunction is characterized by decreased adiponectin (AN) levels and impaired adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (ATIS) and is associated with metabolic disorders. While Asians readily develop metabolic disease without obesity, it remains unclear how decreased AN level and impaired ATIS affect metabolic abnormalities in nonobese Asians. DESIGN AND SETTING To investigate the relationships between decreased AN level, impaired ATIS, and metabolic abnormalities, we studied 94 Japanese men whose body mass index was less than 25 kg/m2. We divided the subjects into 4 groups based on their median AN level and ATIS, the latter calculated as the degree of insulin-mediated suppression of free fatty acids during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and compared the metabolic parameters in the 4 groups. RESULTS The High-ATIS/High-AN group (n = 29) showed similar anthropometric data to the High-ATIS/Low-AN group (n = 18). In contrast, both the Low-ATIS/High-AN (n = 18) and Low-ATIS/Low-AN (n = 29) groups showed significantly lower muscle insulin sensitivity than the High-ATIS groups. The intrahepatic lipid level in the Low-ATIS/Low-AN group was significantly higher than that in the High-ATIS groups. In addition, the Low-ATIS/Low-AN group had a significantly higher fasting serum triglyceride level and significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level than the other 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS In nonobese Japanese men with high ATIS, the AN level was not associated with metabolic characteristics. On the other hand, subjects with low ATIS showed reduced muscle insulin sensitivity, and those with a decreased AN level demonstrated multiple metabolic abnormalities, represented by fatty liver and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kiya
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kageumi Takeno
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Someya
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Kakehi
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonori Sato
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yamasaki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kadowaki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruriko Suzuki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugimoto
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Kaga
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Funayama
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Shimada
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Satoh
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Charlot A, Hutt F, Sabatier E, Zoll J. Beneficial Effects of Early Time-Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Diseases: Importance of Aligning Food Habits with the Circadian Clock. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051405. [PMID: 33921979 PMCID: PMC8143522 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of metabolic health is a major societal concern due to the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and various cardiovascular diseases. The circadian clock is clearly implicated in the development of these metabolic diseases. Indeed, it regulates physiological processes by hormone modulation, thus helping the body to perform them at the ideal time of day. Since the industrial revolution, the actions and rhythms of everyday life have been modified and are characterized by changes in sleep pattern, work schedules, and eating habits. These modifications have in turn lead to night shift, social jetlag, late-night eating, and meal skipping, a group of customs that causes circadian rhythm disruption and leads to an increase in metabolic risks. Intermittent fasting, especially the time-restricted eating, proposes a solution: restraining the feeding window from 6 to 10 h per day to match it with the circadian clock. This approach seems to improve metabolic health markers and could be a therapeutic solution to fight against metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the importance of matching life habits with circadian rhythms for metabolic health and assesses the advantages and limits of the application of time-restricted fasting with the objective of treating and preventing metabolic diseases.
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Ramírez-Vélez R, González-Ruíz K, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RioValle J, Correa-Rodríguez M, García-Hermoso A, Palomino-Echeverría S, Izquierdo M. Serum leptin as a mediator of the influence of insulin resistance on hepatic steatosis in youths with excess adiposity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1308-1316. [PMID: 33618924 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) is well known; however, the extent to which the satiety hormone leptin acts as a confounder or mediator in this relationship is uncertain. We examined whether the association between IR and hepatic steatosis is mediated by leptin in Colombian adolescents with excess adiposity. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 122 adolescents (mean age: 13.4 years; 68% girls) participated in the study. We assessed body composition, hepatic steatosis (as defined by the controlled attenuation parameter [CAP]), cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index, waist circumference, body composition), biochemical variables (leptin, insulin, glucose, lipid profile, cardiometabolic Z-score, transaminases, etc.), and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength). Partial correlation, regression, and mediation analyses were conducted using the Barron and Kenny framework. RESULTS Ninety-two youths (75.4%) had IR. Mediation analysis revealed a positive relationship between Homeostasis Model Assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) and CAP (βdir = 3.414, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.012 to 5.816, p < 0.001), which was attenuated when leptin was included in the model, thus indicating that leptin mediates this relationship (βind = 1.074, 95% CI: 0.349 to 2.686, p < 0.001). The percentage of the total effect mediated by leptin was 21%. Regarding sex, the mediation effect of leptin remains significant among boys (βind = 0.962, 95% CI: 0.009 to 2.615, p < 0.001), but not in girls (βind = 0.991, 95% CI: 1.263 to 5.483, p = 0.477). CONCLUSIONS The findings are clinically relevant to consider leptin levels as a surrogate marker of insulin sensitivity when assessing youths with excess adiposity and/or suspected Nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Katherine González-Ruíz
- Physical Exercise and Sports Research Group, Vice Chancellor for Research, Manuela Beltrán University (UMB), Bogotá, DC, 110231, Colombia.
| | - Emilio González-Jiménez
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Physical Activity, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago de Chile, 7500618, Chile.
| | - Sara Palomino-Echeverría
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit (TransBio), Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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36
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Grandhaye J, Hmadeh S, Plotton I, Levasseur F, Estienne A, LeGuevel R, Levern Y, Ramé C, Jeanpierre E, Guerif F, Dupont J, Froment P. The adiponectin agonist, AdipoRon, inhibits steroidogenesis and cell proliferation in human luteinized granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111080. [PMID: 33189865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During obesity, excess body weight is not only associated with an increased risk of type 2-diabetes, but also several other pathological processes, such as infertility. Adipose tissue is the largest endocrine organ of the body that produces adipokines, including adiponectin. Adiponectin has been reported to control fertility through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and folliculogenesis in the ovaries. In this study, we focused on a recent adiponectin-like synthetic agonist called AdipoRon, and its action in human luteinized granulosa cells. We demonstrated that AdipoRon activated the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR) signalling pathways in human luteinized granulosa cells. A 25 μM AdipoRon stimulation reduced granulosa cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in G1, associated with PTEN and p53 pathway activation. In addition, AdipoRon perturbed cell metabolism by decreasing mitochondrial activity and ATP production. In human luteinized granulosa cells, AdipoRon increased phosphodiesterase activity, leading to a drop in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, aromatase expression and oestrogens secretion. In conclusion, AdipoRon impacted folliculogenesis by altering human luteinized granulosa cell function, via steroid production and cell proliferation. This agonist may have applications for improving ovarian function in metabolic disorders or granulosa cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Grandhaye
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sandy Hmadeh
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ingrid Plotton
- Molecular Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University Hospital, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
| | - Floriane Levasseur
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Rémy LeGuevel
- Plate-forme ImPACcell, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Yves Levern
- INRA UMR Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Service de Cytométrie, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Jeanpierre
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France.
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Farkhondeh T, Llorens S, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Ashrafizadeh M, Talebi M, Shakibaei M, Samarghandian S. An Overview of the Role of Adipokines in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E5218. [PMID: 33182462 PMCID: PMC7665135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) leads to an increase in morbidity, mortality, and a shortening of life span. The changes in heart structure and function as well as metabolic profile are caused by obese people, including those free of metabolic disorders. Obesity alters heart function structure and affects lipid and glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and increase inflammatory cytokines. Adipokines, specific cytokines of adipocytes, are involved in the progression of obesity and the associated co-morbidities. In the current study, we review the scientific evidence on the effects of obesity on CVDs, focusing on the changes in adipokines. Several adipokines have anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects comprising omentin, apelin, adiponectin, and secreted frizzled-related protein (Sfrp-5). Other adipokines have pro-inflammatory impacts on the cardiovascular system and obesity including leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), retinol-binding protein4 (RBP-4), visfatin, resistin, and osteopontin. We found that obesity is associated with multiple CVDs, but can only occur in unhealthy metabolic patients. However, more studies should be designed to clarify the association between obesity, adipokine changes, and the occurrence of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Silvia Llorens
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | | | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1996835113, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
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Pałkowska-Goździk E, Piotrowicz K, Krzesiński P, Stańczyk A, Skrobowski A, Gielerak G. Crosstalk Between Dietary Pattern, Anthropometric Parameters, and Adiponectin Concentration Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 19:137-143. [PMID: 33170092 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adiponectin is known to mediate antidiabetic and cardioprotective metabolic effects. Current evidence suggests that diet, both its quantity and quality, affects adiponectin concentration. Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of adiponectin with cardiometabolic risk factors, anthropometric features, and diet characteristics in obese patients with multiple cardiometabolic risk factors. The group of 113 nondiabetic patients (90 males, mean age: 48 ± 9 years) fulfilling the criteria of metabolic syndrome (IDF, 2005) was divided into 2 subgroups according to median adiponectin concentration calculated for that cohort (6.83 μg/mL)-low-adiponectin (LA) and high-adiponectin (HA) subgroup. Biochemical and anthropometric measurements were recorded and nutrients intake was assessed using 24-hr dietary recall method and diet history questionnaire. Results: No significant differences between LA and HA were noted regarding the anthropometric parameters. However, there were significant differences in biochemical indices, and HA was characterized by a more favorable insulin level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value, and plasma lipid profile than LA. Both LA and HA subgroups were comparable in terms of energy, protein, carbohydrate, and total fat intake, but there were significant differences between the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consumption (6.06 ± 1.0 and 6.37 ± 1.1, respectively) and omega-3/omega-6 ratio (as follows: 0.09 ± 0.01 and 0.16 ± 0.04). Conclusions: These results highlight interactions between diet, adiponectin concentration, and biochemical profile. Nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome with higher PUFA consumption, including higher omega-3/omega-6 ratio, were characterized by higher circulating adiponectin level and more favorable biochemical profile. Thus, it might be assumed that the protective role of omega-3 fatty acids might be mediated by adiponectin in patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowicz
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Krzesiński
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Stańczyk
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Skrobowski
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Gielerak
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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Berezin AE, Berezin AA, Lichtenauer M. Emerging Role of Adipocyte Dysfunction in Inducing Heart Failure Among Obese Patients With Prediabetes and Known Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:583175. [PMID: 33240938 PMCID: PMC7667132 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.583175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction is a predictor for cardiovascular (CV) events and heart failure (HF) in patient population with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and known type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous preclinical and clinical studies have yielded controversial findings regarding the role of accumulation of adipose tissue various types in CV risk and HF-related clinical outcomes in obese patients. There is evidence for direct impact of infiltration of epicardial adipocytes into the underlying myocardium to induce adverse cardiac remodeling and mediate HF development and atrial fibrillation. Additionally, perivascular adipocytes accumulation is responsible for release of proinflammatory adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), stimulation of oxidative stress, macrophage phenotype switching, and worsening vascular reparation, which all lead to microvascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis acceleration, and finally to increase in CV mortality. However, systemic effects of white and brown adipose tissue can be different, and adipogenesis including browning of adipose tissue and deficiency of anti-inflammatory adipocytokines (visfatin, omentin, zinc-α2-glycoprotein, glypican-4) was frequently associated with adipose triglyceride lipase augmentation, altered glucose homeostasis, resistance to insulin of skeletal muscles, increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, lowered survival, and weak function of progenitor endothelial cells, which could significantly influence on HF development, as well as end-organ fibrosis and multiple comorbidities. The exact underlying mechanisms for these effects are not fully understood, while they are essential to help develop improved treatment strategies. The aim of the review is to summarize the evidence showing that adipocyte dysfunction may induce the onset of HF and support advance of HF through different biological mechanisms involving inflammation, pericardial, and perivascular adipose tissue accumulation, adverse and electrical cardiac remodeling, and skeletal muscle dysfunction. The unbalancing effects of natriuretic peptides, neprilysin, and components of renin–angiotensin system, as exacerbating cause of altered adipocytokine signaling on myocardium and vasculature, in obesity patients at high risk of HF are disputed. The profile of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines as promising biomarker for HF risk stratification is discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Alexander A Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Han Y, Liu J, Ahn S, An S, Ko H, Shin JC, Jin SH, Ki MW, Lee SH, Lee KH, Shin SS, Choi WJ, Noh M. Diallyl Biphenyl-Type Neolignans Have a Pharmacophore of PPARα/γ Dual Modulators. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:397-404. [PMID: 32576717 PMCID: PMC7457167 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin secretion-promoting compounds have therapeutic potentials in human metabolic diseases. Diallyl biphenyl-type neolignan compounds, magnolol, honokiol, and 4-O-methylhonokiol, from a Magnolia officinalis extract were screened as adiponectin-secretion promoting compounds in the adipogenic differentiation model of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). In a target identification study, magnolol, honokiol, and 4-O-methylhonokiol were elucidated as PPARα and PPARγ dual modulators. Diallyl biphenyl-type neolignans affected the transcription of lipid metabolism-associated genes in a different way compared to those of specific PPAR ligands. The diallyl biphenyl-type neolignan structure provides a novel pharmacophore of PPARα/γ dual modulators, which may have unique therapeutic potentials in diverse metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Han
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungchan An
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeayoung C Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Won Ki
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hun Lee
- SK Bioland, Cheongju 28162, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Won Jun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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41
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Bio-transformation of green tea infusion with tannase and its improvement on adipocyte metabolism. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 135:109496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gonçalves ECD, Baldasso GM, Bicca MA, Paes RS, Capasso R, Dutra RC. Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant. Molecules 2020; 25:E1567. [PMID: 32235333 PMCID: PMC7181184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal use of Cannabis sativa L. has an extensive history and it was essential in the discovery of phytocannabinoids, including the Cannabis major psychoactive compound-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-as well as the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CBR), named cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R), both part of the now known endocannabinoid system (ECS). Cannabinoids is a vast term that defines several compounds that have been characterized in three categories: (i) endogenous, (ii) synthetic, and (iii) phytocannabinoids, and are able to modulate the CBR and ECS. Particularly, phytocannabinoids are natural terpenoids or phenolic compounds derived from Cannabis sativa. However, these terpenoids and phenolic compounds can also be derived from other plants (non-cannabinoids) and still induce cannabinoid-like properties. Cannabimimetic ligands, beyond the Cannabis plant, can act as CBR agonists or antagonists, or ECS enzyme inhibitors, besides being able of playing a role in immune-mediated inflammatory and infectious diseases, neuroinflammatory, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer, and autoimmunity by itself. In this review, we summarize and critically highlight past, present, and future progress on the understanding of the role of cannabinoid-like molecules, mainly terpenes, as prospective therapeutics for different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C. D. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M. Baldasso
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
| | - Maíra A. Bicca
- Neurosurgery Department, Neurosurgery Pain Research institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Rodrigo S. Paes
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80,055 Portici, Italy
| | - Rafael C. Dutra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
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Theoretical study of the adiponectin receptors: binding site characterization and molecular dynamics of possible ligands for drug design. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe two adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) have been implicated in glucose and lipid regulation involved in several metabolic pathologies including type II diabetes. Their exact biochemical functions and mechanisms remain poorly understood. Moreover, these receptors do not yet have data on possible co-crystallized active ligands. In this study, we applied different computational methodologies to address three main unanswered questions: first, the localization and validation of possible binding sites; second, the generation of novel ligands with amenable characteristics to target the receptors; and third, the determination of important chemical interactions between the ligands and the receptors. Computational analysis of the binding site reveals that the residues triad R267, F271, and Y310 could be responsible for changes in the spatial arrangement and geometry of the binding pocket in AdipoR1. Molecular docking results in high docking scores of − 13.6 and − 16.5 kcal/mol for the top best ligands in AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 respectively. Finally, molecular dynamics suggests that hydrolytic activity may be possible with these compounds and that this reaction could be mediated by aspartic acid residues. The two adiponectin receptors have an endogenous protein ligand, adiponectin. However the synthesis is expensive and technically challenging. Although some debatable agonists have been proposed investigations of suitable synthetic ligands are indeed, very much needed for targeting these receptors and their associate pathologies and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, these findings provide a framework for further biochemical investigations of amenable compounds for drug discovery in order to target these receptors and their associated pathologies.
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Abstract
Adiponectin is the most important adipokine secreted by the adipose tissue. It carries out an important role in setting up the metabolism and improving the function of various organs. Adiponectin in the kidneys prevents degradation of the renal arteries, reduces protein excretion, and improves filtration. This role is accomplished by regulating anabolic pathways and reducing oxidative stress in the renal tissue. This hormone in the liver prevents the accumulation of fat and free radicals that cause damage to liver cells and tissue. This adipokine, by preventing inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, obesity and insulin resistance, improves vascular function and prevents the development of atherosclerosis. It seems that adiponectin can also be a therapeutic target for many metabolic diseases. This study aims to clarify the adipose tissue discharge. Here, the diverse physiological actions of adiponectin were reviewed to provide an overview of its therapeutic potential in different metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esmaili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - M Hemmati
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - M Karamian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Changes in redox and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis are related to congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158610. [PMID: 31917334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CGL type 2 is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by an almost complete lack of body fat. CGL is caused by loss-of-function mutations in both alleles of the BSCL2 gene that codifies to seipin. Subjects often show hyperglycemia, decreased HDL-c, and hypoadiponectinemia. These laboratory findings are important triggers for changes in redox and ER homeostasis. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether these intracellular mechanisms are associated with this syndrome. We collected blood from people from Northeastern Brazil with 0, 1, and 2 mutant alleles for the rs786205071 in the BSCL2 gene. Through the qPCR technique, we evaluated the expression of genes responsible for triggering the antioxidant response, DNA repair, and ER stress in leukocytes. Colorimetric tests were applied to quantify lipid peroxidation and to evaluate the redox status of glutathione, as well as to access the panorama of energy metabolism. Long extension PCR was performed to observe leukocyte mitochondrial DNA lesions, and the immunoblot technique to investigate plasma adiponectin concentrations. Subjects with the rs786205071 in both BSCL2 alleles showed increased transcription of NFE2L2, APEX1, and OGG1 in leukocytes, as well as high concentrations of malondialdehyde and the GSSG:GSH ratio in plasma. We also observed increase of mitochondrial DNA lesions and XBP1 splicing, as well as a decrease in adiponectin and HDL-c. Our data suggest the presence of lipid lesions due to changes in redox homeostasis in that group, associated with increased levels of mitochondrial DNA damage and transcriptional activation of genes involved with antioxidant response and DNA repair.
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Adiponectin homolog osmotin, a potential anti-obesity compound, suppresses abdominal fat accumulation in C57BL/6 mice on high-fat diet and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:2422-2433. [PMID: 31164725 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation due to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Osmotin, a plant derived natural protein, is a known homolog of adiponectin. To analyze the role of Osmotin in controlling energy metabolism by suppressing abdominal fat accumulation. METHODS We investigated the effects of osmotin in C57BL/6 mice on high-fat diet and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by Biochemical tests, Immunofluorescence confocal Microscopy, RT-PCR, and Flow cytometry. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of osmotin on adipocyte differentiation and regulation of the related factors lipolysis and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro. Moreover, we analyzed the role of osmotin in prevention of insulin resistance, excess fat accumulation and metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet mouse model via AMPK and MAPK pathways in vivo. In addition, osmotin caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase by regulating expression of p21, p27 and CDK2 and improved glucose control, as concluded from glucose and insulin tolerance tests. CONCLUSION These results reveal the role of osmotin in AMPK downstream signaling. These results provide the first indication that osmotin exerts therapeutic effects on obesity, which could promote development of therapeutic aspects for obesity and related diseases.
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Di Pino A, DeFronzo RA. Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis: Implications for Insulin-Sensitizing Agents. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1447-1467. [PMID: 31050706 PMCID: PMC7445419 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high risk for macrovascular complications, which represent the major cause of mortality. Despite effective treatment of established cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, procoagulant state), there remains a significant amount of unexplained CV risk. Insulin resistance is associated with a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors known collectively as the insulin resistance (metabolic) syndrome (IRS). Considerable evidence, reviewed herein, suggests that insulin resistance and the IRS contribute to this unexplained CV risk in patients with T2DM. Accordingly, CV outcome trials with pioglitazone have demonstrated that this insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione reduces CV events in high-risk patients with T2DM. In this review the roles of insulin resistance and the IRS in the development of atherosclerotic CV disease and the impact of the insulin-sensitizing agents and of other antihyperglycemic medications on CV outcomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Di Pino
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas
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Hafiane A, Gasbarrino K, Daskalopoulou SS. The role of adiponectin in cholesterol efflux and HDL biogenesis and metabolism. Metabolism 2019; 100:153953. [PMID: 31377319 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux is the initial step in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway by which excess cholesterol in peripheral cells is exported and subsequently packaged into high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Adiponectin is the most abundantly secreted adipokine that possesses anti-inflammatory and vasculoprotective properties via interaction with transmembrane receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. Evidence suggests that low levels of adiponectin may be a useful marker for atherosclerotic disease. A proposed anti-atherogenic mechanism of adiponectin involves its ability to promote cholesterol efflux. We performed a systematic review of the role of adiponectin in cholesterol efflux and HDL biogenesis, and of the proteins and receptors believed to be implicated in this process. Nineteen eligible studies (7 clinical, 11 fundamental, 1 clinical + fundamental) were identified through Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and Pubmed, that support the notion that adiponectin plays a key role in promoting ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux and in modulating HDL biogenesis via activation of the PPAR-γ/LXR-α signalling pathways in macrophages. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are suggested to also be implicated in this process, however the data are conflicting/insufficient to establish any firm conclusions. Once the exact mechanisms are unravelled, adiponectin may be critical in defining future treatment strategies directed towards increasing HDL functionality and ultimately reducing atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Karina Gasbarrino
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Ferreira V, Grajales D, Valverde ÁM. Adipose tissue as a target for second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics: A molecular view. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158534. [PMID: 31672575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder that chronically affects 21 million people worldwide. Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are the cornerstone in the management of schizophrenia. However, despite their efficacy in counteracting both positive and negative symptomatology of schizophrenia, recent clinical observations have described an increase in the prevalence of metabolic disturbances in patients treated with SGAs, including abnormal weight gain, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. While the molecular mechanisms responsible for these side-effects remain poorly understood, increasing evidence points to a link between SGAs and adipose tissue depots of white, brown and beige adipocytes. In this review, we survey the present knowledge in this area, with a particular focus on the molecular aspects of adipocyte biology including differentiation, lipid metabolism, thermogenic function and the browning/beiging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Grajales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Liu Q, Liu Y, Li F, Gu Z, Liu M, Shao T, Zhang L, Zhou G, Pan C, He L, Cai J, Zhang X, Barve S, McClain CJ, Chen Y, Feng W. Probiotic culture supernatant improves metabolic function through FGF21-adiponectin pathway in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 75:108256. [PMID: 31760308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-fat/high-fructose diet plus intermittent hypoxia exposure (HFDIH) causes metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects and understand the mechanism of action of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG culture supernatant (LGGs) on HFDIH-induced metabolic dysfunction. Mice were fed high-fat:high-fructose diet for 15 weeks. After 3 weeks of feeding, the mice were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia for the next 12 weeks (HFDIH), and LGGs was supplemented over the entire experiment. HFDIH exposure significantly led to metabolic disorders. LGGs treatment showed significant improvements in indices of metabolic disorders including fat mass, energy expenditure, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, increased hepatic steatosis and liver injury. HFDIH mice markedly increased adipose inflammation and adipocyte size, and reduced circulating adiponectin, which was restored by LGGs treatment. LGGs treatment increased hepatic FGF21 mRNA expression and circulating FGF21 protein levels, which were associated with increased hepatic PPARα expression and fecal butyrate concentration. In addition, HFDIH-induced hepatic fat accumulation and apoptosis were significantly reduced by LGGs supplementation. In summary, LGGs treatment increased energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity and prevented metabolic abnormalities in HFDIH mice, and this is associated with the FGF21-adiponectin signaling pathway. LGGs may be a potential prevention/treatment strategy in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Fengyuan Li
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zelin Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Tuo Shao
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Guangyao Zhou
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chengwei Pan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqing He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Robley Rex VA medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yiping Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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