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Dunot J, Moreno S, Gandin C, Pousinha PA, Amici M, Dupuis J, Anisimova M, Winschel A, Uriot M, Petshow SJ, Mensch M, Bethus I, Giudici C, Hampel H, Wefers B, Wurst W, Naumann R, Ashby MC, Laube B, Zito K, Mellor JR, Groc L, Willem M, Marie H. APP fragment controls both ionotropic and non-ionotropic signaling of NMDA receptors. Neuron 2024; 112:2708-2720.e9. [PMID: 38878768 PMCID: PMC11343662 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic receptors crucial for brain information processing. Yet, evidence also supports an ion-flux-independent signaling mode mediating synaptic long-term depression (LTD) and spine shrinkage. Here, we identify AETA (Aη), an amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) cleavage product, as an NMDAR modulator with the unique dual regulatory capacity to impact both signaling modes. AETA inhibits ionotropic NMDAR activity by competing with the co-agonist and induces an intracellular conformational modification of GluN1 subunits. This favors non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling leading to enhanced LTD and favors spine shrinkage. Endogenously, AETA production is increased by in vivo chemogenetically induced neuronal activity. Genetic deletion of AETA production alters NMDAR transmission and prevents LTD, phenotypes rescued by acute exogenous AETA application. This genetic deletion also impairs contextual fear memory. Our findings demonstrate AETA-dependent NMDAR activation (ADNA), characterizing AETA as a unique type of endogenous NMDAR modulator that exerts bidirectional control over NMDAR signaling and associated information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Dunot
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastien Moreno
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Carine Gandin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Paula A Pousinha
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Mascia Amici
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Julien Dupuis
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Margarita Anisimova
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Alex Winschel
- Department of Biology, Neurophysiology und Neurosensory Systems, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Magalie Uriot
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Samuel J Petshow
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Maria Mensch
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Ingrid Bethus
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Camilla Giudici
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Hampel
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wefers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael C Ashby
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Bodo Laube
- Department of Biology, Neurophysiology und Neurosensory Systems, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Karen Zito
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Jack R Mellor
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Laurent Groc
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Hélène Marie
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France.
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Penalva YCM, Paschkowsky S, Recinto SJ, Duchesne A, Hammond T, Spiegler P, Jansen G, Levet C, Charron F, Freeman M, McKinney RA, Trempe JF, Munter LM. Eta-secretase-like processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the rhomboid protease RHBDL4. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107541. [PMID: 38992438 PMCID: PMC11345391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a key protein in Alzheimer's disease synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and translocated to the plasma membrane where it undergoes proteolytic cleavages by several proteases. Conversely, to other known proteases, we previously elucidated rhomboid protease RHBDL4 as a novel APP processing enzyme where several cleavages likely occur already in the ER. Interestingly, the pattern of RHBDL4-derived large APP C-terminal fragments resembles those generated by the η-secretase or MT5-MMP, which was described to generate so-called Aη fragments. The similarity in large APP C-terminal fragments between both proteases raised the question of whether RHBDL4 may contribute to η-secretase activity and Aη-like fragments. Here, we identified two cleavage sites of RHBDL4 in APP by mass spectrometry, which, intriguingly, lie in close proximity to the MT5-MMP cleavage sites. Indeed, we observed that RHBDL4 generates Aη-like fragments in vitro without contributions of α-, β-, or γ-secretases. Such Aη-like fragments are likely generated in the ER since RHBDL4-derived APP-C-terminal fragments do not reach the cell surface. Inherited, familial APP mutations appear to not affect this processing pathway. In RHBDL4 knockout mice, we observed increased cerebral full-length APP in comparison to wild type (WT) in support of RHBDL4 being a physiologically relevant protease for APP. Furthermore, we found secreted Aη fragments in dissociated mixed cortical cultures from WT mice, however significantly fewer Aη fragments in RHBDL4 knockout cultures. Our data underscores that RHBDL4 contributes to the η-secretease-like processing of APP and that RHBDL4 is a physiologically relevant protease for APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylauna Christine Mégane Penalva
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences, Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Biomedical Sciences (SBMS), McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra Paschkowsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences, Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Biomedical Sciences (SBMS), McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sherilyn Junelle Recinto
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences, Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Biomedical Sciences (SBMS), McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anthony Duchesne
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences, Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Biomedical Sciences (SBMS), McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Hammond
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBMS), McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pascal Spiegler
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences, Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Biomedical Sciences (SBMS), McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregor Jansen
- School of Biomedical Sciences (SBMS), McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clemence Levet
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - François Charron
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences, Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Biomedical Sciences (SBMS), McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew Freeman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Anne McKinney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences, Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Biomedical Sciences (SBMS), McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Trempe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences, Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Biomedical Sciences (SBMS), McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lisa Marie Munter
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences, Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Biomedical Sciences (SBMS), McGill University, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Ai X, Cao Z, Ma Z, Liu Q, Huang W, Sun T, Li J, Yang C. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Physiological Activities of Aβ Peptide for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8336. [PMID: 39125907 PMCID: PMC11313142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid progress in deciphering the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it has been widely accepted that the accumulation of misfolded amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain could cause the neurodegeneration in AD. Although much evidence demonstrates the neurotoxicity of Aβ, the role of Aβ in the nervous system are complex. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to understand the physiological effect of Aβ40 monomers in depth. To explore the physiological mechanism of Aβ, we employed mass spectrometry to investigate the altered proteomic events induced by a lower submicromolar concentration of Aβ. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to five different concentrations of Aβ1-40 monomers and collected at four time points. The proteomic analysis revealed the time-course behavior of proteins involved in biological processes, such as RNA splicing, nuclear transport and protein localization. Further biological studies indicated that Aβ40 monomers may activate PI3K/AKT signaling to regulate p-Tau, Ezrin and MAP2. These three proteins are associated with dendritic morphogenesis, neuronal polarity, synaptogenesis, axon establishment and axon elongation. Moreover, Aβ40 monomers may regulate their physiological forms by inhibiting the expression of BACE1 and APP via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. A comprehensive exploration of pathological and physiological mechanisms of Aβ is beneficial for exploring novel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Ai
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.A.); (Z.C.); (Z.M.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (T.S.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zeyu Cao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.A.); (Z.C.); (Z.M.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (T.S.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaoru Ma
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.A.); (Z.C.); (Z.M.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (T.S.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qinghuan Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.A.); (Z.C.); (Z.M.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (T.S.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.A.); (Z.C.); (Z.M.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (T.S.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.A.); (Z.C.); (Z.M.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (T.S.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.A.); (Z.C.); (Z.M.); (Q.L.); (W.H.); (T.S.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
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4
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Satarker S, Gurram PC, Nassar A, Manandhar S, Vibhavari R, Yarlagadda DL, Mudgal J, Lewis S, Arora D, Nampoothiri M. Evaluating the Role of N-Acetyl-L-Tryptophan in the Aβ 1-42-Induced Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4421-4440. [PMID: 38091207 PMCID: PMC11236887 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition previously known to affect the older population, is also now seen in younger individuals. AD is often associated with cognitive decline and neuroinflammation elevation primarily due to amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation. Multiple pathological complications in AD call for therapies with a wide range of neuroprotection. Our study aims to evaluate the effect of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (NAT) in ameliorating the cognitive decline and neuroinflammation induced by Aβ 1-42 oligomers and to determine the therapeutic concentration of NAT in the brain. We administered Aβ 1-42 oligomers in rats via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection to induce AD-like conditions. The NAT-treated animals lowered the cognitive decline in the Morris water maze characterized by shorter escape latency and increased path efficiency and platform entries. Interestingly, the hippocampus and frontal cortex showed downregulation of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and substance P levels. NAT treatment also reduced acetylcholinesterase activity and total and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B and Tau levels. Lastly, we observed upregulation of cAMP response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) signaling. Surprisingly, our HPLC method was not sensitive enough to detect the therapeutic levels of NAT in the brain, possibly due to NAT concentrations being below the lowest limit of quantification of our validated method. To summarize, the administration of NAT significantly lowered cognitive decline, neuroinflammatory pathways, and Tau protein and triggered the upregulation of CREB1 signaling, suggesting its neuroprotective role in AD-like conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairaj Satarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Prasada Chowdari Gurram
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ajmal Nassar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Suman Manandhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Rja Vibhavari
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Dani Lakshman Yarlagadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Devinder Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, QLD, Gold Coast, 4222, Australia
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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5
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Wirths O, Lehnen C, Fricke M, Talucci I, Klafki HW, Morgado B, Lehmann S, Münch C, Liepold T, Wiltfang J, Rostagno A, Ghiso J, Maric HM, Jahn O, Weggen S. Amino-terminally elongated Aβ peptides are generated by the secreted metalloprotease ADAMTS4 and deposit in a subset of Alzheimer's disease brains. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12991. [PMID: 38867123 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The aggregation and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain is thought to be the initial driver in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aside from full-length Aβ peptides starting with an aspartate residue in position 1, both N-terminally truncated and elongated Aβ peptides are produced by various proteases from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and have been detected in brain tissues and body fluids. Recently, we demonstrated that the particularly abundant N-terminally truncated Aβ4-x peptides are generated by ADAMTS4, a secreted metalloprotease that is exclusively expressed in the oligodendrocyte cell population. In this study, we investigated whether ADAMTS4 might also be involved in the generation of N-terminally elongated Aβ peptides. METHODS We used cell-free and cell-based assays in combination with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and electrochemiluminescence sandwich immunoassays to identify and quantify N-terminally elongated Aβ peptide variants. Antibodies against these Aβ variants were characterised by peptide microarrays and employed for the immunohistochemical analyses of human brain samples. RESULTS In this study, we discovered additional ADAMTS4 cleavage sites in APP. These were located N-terminal to Asp-(1) in the Aβ peptide sequence between residues Glu-(-7) and Ile-(-6) as well as Glu-(-4) and Val-(-3), resulting in the release of N-terminally elongated Aβ-6-x and Aβ-3-x peptides, of which the latter serve as a component in a promising Aβ-based plasma biomarker. Aβ-6/-3-40 peptides were detected in supernatants of various cell lines and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and ADAMTS4 enzyme activity promoted the release of Aβ-6/-3-x peptides. Furthermore, by immunohistochemistry, a subset of AD cases displayed evidence of extracellular and vascular localization of N-terminally elongated Aβ-6/-3-x peptides. DISCUSSION The current findings implicate ADAMTS4 in both the pathological process of Aβ peptide aggregation and in the early detection of amyloid pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Wirths
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christina Lehnen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Merle Fricke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Talucci
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfgang Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Morgado
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Lehmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolina Münch
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Liepold
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Agueda Rostagno
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jorge Ghiso
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hans Michael Maric
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
- Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science (City Campus), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Weggen
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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6
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Wang H, Lakshmana MK, Fields GB. Identification of binding partners that facilitate membrane-type 5 matrix metalloproteinase (MT5-MMP) processing of amyloid precursor protein. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31218. [PMID: 38345408 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
One of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. In addition to Aβ as the core component of the amyloid plaque, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing fragment Aβ was also found accumulated around the plaque. The APPη pathway, mainly mediated by membrane-type 5 matrix metalloproteinase (MT5-MMP), represents an important factor in AD pathogenesis. The proamyloidogenic features of MT5-MMP could result from interactions with APP when trafficking between organelles, so determination of the location within the cell of APPη cleavage and interacting proteins of MT5-MMP affecting this process will be of priority in understanding the role of MT5-MMP in AD. In the present study, MT5-MMP was found to be located in the nucleus, cytosol, and cytosolic subcellular granules of CHO cells that stably expressed wild-type human APP751. MT5-MMP fusion proteins were constructed that could localize enzyme production in the Golgi apparatus, endosome, ER, mitochondria, or plasma membrane. The fusion proteins significantly increased sAPPη when directed to the endosome, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, or mitochondria. Since the C-terminal region of MT5-MMP is responsible for its intracellular location and trafficking, this domain was used as the bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify MT5-MMP protein partners in a human brain cDNA library. Identified binding partners included N4BP2L1, TMX3, EIG121, bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1), RUFY4, HTRA1, and TMEM199. The binding of N4BP2L1, EIG121, BIN1, or TMX3 to MT5-MMP resulted in the most significant increase in sAPPη production. Thus, the action of MT5-MMP on APP occurs in multiple locations within the cell and is facilitated by site-specific binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Madepalli K Lakshmana
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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7
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Yazdi MK, Alavi MS, Roohbakhsh A. The role of ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) in Alzheimer's disease: A review of the mechanisms. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:423-438. [PMID: 38275217 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis is essential for central nervous system function. Consequently, factors that affect cholesterol homeostasis are linked to neurological disorders and pathologies. Among them, ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) plays a significant role in atherosclerosis. However, its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. There is inconsistent information regarding ABCG1's role in AD. It can increase or decrease amyloid β (Aβ) levels in animals' brains. Clinical studies show that ABCG1 is involved in AD patients' impairment of cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Lower Aβ levels in the CSF are correlated with ABCG1-mediated CEC dysfunction. ABCG1 modulates α-, β-, and γ-secretase activities in the plasma membrane and may affect Aβ production in the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM) cell compartment. Despite contradictory findings regarding ABCG1's role in AD, this review shows that ABCG1 has a role in Aβ generation via modulation of membrane secretases. It is, however, necessary to investigate the underlying mechanism(s). ABCG1 may also contribute to AD pathology through its role in apoptosis and oxidative stress. As a result, ABCG1 plays a role in AD and is a candidate for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karbasi Yazdi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Xu M, Li J, Xia L, Du Y, Wu B, Shi X, Tian N, Pang Y, Yi L, Chen M, Song W, Dong Z. PCSK6 exacerbates Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by promoting MT5-MMP maturation. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114688. [PMID: 38216110 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 (PCSK6) is a calcium-dependent serine proteinase that regulates the proteolytic activity of various precursor proteins and facilitates protein maturation. Dysregulation of PCSK6 expression or function has been implicated in several pathological processes including nervous system diseases. However, whether and how PCSK6 is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. In this study, we reported that the expression of PCSK6 was significantly increased in the brain tissues of postmortem AD patients and APP23/PS45 transgenic AD model mice, as well as N2AAPP cells. Genetic knockdown of PCSK6 reduced amyloidogenic processing of APP in N2AAPP cells by suppressing the activation of membrane-type 5-matrix metalloproteinase (MT5-MMP), referred to as η-secretase. We further found that PCSK6 cleaved and activated MT5-MMP by recognizing the RRRNKR sequence in its N-terminal propeptide domain in N2A cells. The mutation or knockout of this cleavage motif prevented PCSK6 from interacting with MT5-MMP and performing cleavage. Importantly, genetic knockdown of PCSK6 with adeno-associated virus (AAV) reduced Aβ production and ameliorated hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term spatial learning and memory in APP23/PS45 transgenic mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that genetic knockdown of PCSK6 effectively alleviate AD-related pathology and cognitive impairments by inactivating MT5-MMP, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Xu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yehong Du
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiuyu Shi
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Na Tian
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yayan Pang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lilin Yi
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Mulan Chen
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Weihong Song
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
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9
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Singh S A, Ansari MN, M. Elossaily G, Vellapandian C, Prajapati B. Investigating the Potential Impact of Air Pollution on Alzheimer's Disease and the Utility of Multidimensional Imaging for Early Detection. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8615-8631. [PMID: 38434844 PMCID: PMC10905749 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Pollution is ubiquitous, and much of it is anthropogenic in nature, which is a severe risk factor not only for respiratory infections or asthma sufferers but also for Alzheimer's disease, which has received a lot of attention recently. This Review aims to investigate the primary environmental risk factors and their profound impact on Alzheimer's disease. It underscores the pivotal role of multidimensional imaging in early disease identification and prevention. Conducting a comprehensive review, we delved into a plethora of literature sources available through esteemed databases, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed. Our search strategy incorporated keywords such as "Alzheimer Disease", "Alzheimer's", "Dementia", "Oxidative Stress", and "Phytotherapy" in conjunction with "Criteria Pollutants", "Imaging", "Pathology", and "Particulate Matter". Alzheimer's disease is not only a result of complex biological factors but is exacerbated by the infiltration of airborne particles and gases that surreptitiously breach the nasal defenses to traverse the brain, akin to a Trojan horse. Various imaging modalities and noninvasive techniques have been harnessed to identify disease progression in its incipient stages. However, each imaging approach possesses inherent limitations, prompting exploration of a unified technique under a single umbrella. Multidimensional imaging stands as the linchpin for detecting and forestalling the relentless march of Alzheimer's disease. Given the intricate etiology of the condition, identifying a prospective candidate for Alzheimer's disease may take decades, rendering the development of a multimodal imaging technique an imperative. This research underscores the pressing need to recognize the chronic ramifications of invisible particulate matter and to advance our understanding of the insidious environmental factors that contribute to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankul Singh S
- Department
of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chitra Vellapandian
- Department
of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Bhupendra Prajapati
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Shree S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Gozaria Highway, Mehsana, North Gujarat 384012, India
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10
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Penalva YCM, Paschkowsky S, Yang J, Recinto SJ, Cinkorpumin J, Xiao B, Nitu A, Wu H, Munter HM, Michalski B, Fahnestock M, Pastor W, Bennett DA, Munter LM. Loss of the APP regulator RHBDL4 preserves memory in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.22.579698. [PMID: 38464180 PMCID: PMC10925189 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.22.579698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Characteristic cerebral pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) such as glucose hypometabolism or the accumulation of cleavage products of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), known as Aβ peptides, lead to sustained endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and neurodegeneration. To preserve ER homeostasis, cells activate their unfolded protein response (UPR). The rhomboid-like-protease 4 (RHBDL4) is an enzyme that participates in the UPR by targeting proteins for proteasomal degradation. We demonstrated previously that RHBLD4 cleaves APP in HEK293T cells, leading to decreased total APP and Aβ. More recently, we showed that RHBDL4 processes APP in mouse primary mixed cortical cultures as well. Here, we aim to examine the physiological relevance of RHBDL4 in the brain. We first found that brain samples from AD patients and an AD mouse model (APPtg) showed increased RHBDL4 mRNA and protein expression. To determine the effects of RHBDL4's absence on APP physiology in vivo, we crossed APPtg mice to a RHBDL4 knockout (R4 KO) model. RHBDL4 deficiency in APPtg mice led to increased total cerebral APP and Aβ levels when compared to APPtg controls. Contrary to expectations, as assessed by cognitive tests, RHBDL4 absence rescued cognition in 5-month-old female APPtg mice. Informed by unbiased RNAseq data, we demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that RHBDL4 absence leads to greater levels of active β-catenin due to decreased proteasomal clearance. Decreased β-catenin activity is known to underlie cognitive defects in APPtg mice and AD. Our work suggests that RHBDL4's increased expression in AD, in addition to regulating APP levels, leads to aberrant degradation of β-catenin, contributing to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylauna Christine Megane Penalva
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
- Cell Information Systems group, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS), McGill University, Montréal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
| | - Sandra Paschkowsky
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
- Cell Information Systems group, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sherilyn Junelle Recinto
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
- Cell Information Systems group, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
| | | | - Bin Xiao
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
- Cell Information Systems group, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS), McGill University, Montréal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
| | - Albert Nitu
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
- Cell Information Systems group, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS), McGill University, Montréal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
| | - Helen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
- Cell Information Systems group, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
| | - Hans Markus Munter
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C7
| | - Bernadeta Michalski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Pastor
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa Marie Munter
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
- Cell Information Systems group, Bellini Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS), McGill University, Montréal H3G 0B1, Québec, Canada
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11
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Chen J, Chen JS, Li S, Zhang F, Deng J, Zeng LH, Tan J. Amyloid Precursor Protein: A Regulatory Hub in Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2024; 15:201-225. [PMID: 37307834 PMCID: PMC10796103 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have demonstrated an incontrovertible role of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the overemphasis on the pathological impacts of Aβ may obscure the role of its metabolic precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP), as a significant hub in the occurrence and progression of AD. The complicated enzymatic processing, ubiquitous receptor-like properties, and abundant expression of APP in the brain, as well as its close links with systemic metabolism, mitochondrial function and neuroinflammation, imply that APP plays multifaceted roles in AD. In this review, we briefly describe the evolutionarily conserved biological characteristics of APP, including its structure, functions and enzymatic processing. We also discuss the possible involvement of APP and its enzymatic metabolites in AD, both detrimental and beneficial. Finally, we describe pharmacological agents or genetic approaches with the capability to reduce APP expression or inhibit its cellular internalization, which can ameliorate multiple aspects of AD pathologies and halt disease progression. These approaches provide a basis for further drug development to combat this terrible disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Jun-Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Song Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Fengning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Luo M, Pang Y, Li J, Yi L, Wu B, Tian Q, He Y, Wang M, Xia L, He G, Song W, Du Y, Dong Z. miR-429-3p mediates memory decline by targeting MKP-1 to reduce surface GluA1-containing AMPA receptors in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:635-652. [PMID: 38322333 PMCID: PMC10840427 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) plays a neuroprotective role in AD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of MKP-1 on AD have not been extensively studied. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, thereby repressing mRNA translation. Here, we reported that the microRNA-429-3p (miR-429-3p) was significantly increased in the brain of APP23/PS45 AD model mice and N2AAPP AD model cells. We further found that miR-429-3p could downregulate MKP-1 expression by directly binding to its 3'-untranslated region (3' UTR). Inhibition of miR-429-3p by its antagomir (A-miR-429) restored the expression of MKP-1 to a control level and consequently reduced the amyloidogenic processing of APP and Aβ accumulation. More importantly, intranasal administration of A-miR-429 successfully ameliorated the deficits of hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation and spatial learning and memory in AD model mice by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2)-mediated GluA1 hyperphosphorylation at Ser831 site, thereby increasing the surface expression of GluA1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs). Together, these results demonstrate that inhibiting miR-429-3p to upregulate MKP-1 effectively improves cognitive and synaptic functions in AD model mice, suggesting that miR-429/MKP-1 pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yayan Pang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lilin Yi
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qiuyun Tian
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yan He
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Maoju Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Guiqiong He
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Weihong Song
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and the Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yehong Du
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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13
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Haut F, Argyrousi EK, Arancio O. Re-Arranging the Puzzle between the Amyloid-Beta and Tau Pathology: An APP-Centric Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:259. [PMID: 38203429 PMCID: PMC10779219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
After several years of research in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is still unclear how amyloid-beta (Aβ) and Tau, two key hallmarks of the disease, mediate the neuropathogenic events that lead to AD. Current data challenge the "Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis" that has prevailed in the field of AD, stating that Aβ precedes and triggers Tau pathology that will eventually become the toxic entity in the progression of the disease. This perspective also led the field of therapeutic approaches towards the development of strategies that target Aβ or Tau. In the present review, we discuss recent literature regarding the neurotoxic role of both Aβ and Tau in AD, as well as their physiological function in the healthy brain. Consequently, we present studies suggesting that Aβ and Tau act independently of each other in mediating neurotoxicity in AD, thereafter, re-evaluating the "Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis" that places Tau pathology downstream of Aβ. More recent studies have confirmed that both Aβ and Tau could propagate the disease and induce synaptic and memory impairments via the amyloid precursor protein (APP). This finding is not only interesting from a mechanistic point of view since it provides better insights into the AD pathogenesis but also from a therapeutic point of view since it renders APP a common downstream effector for both Aβ and Tau. Subsequently, therapeutic strategies that act on APP might provide a more viable and physiologically relevant approach for targeting AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Haut
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S, New York, NY 10032, USA; (F.H.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Elentina K. Argyrousi
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S, New York, NY 10032, USA; (F.H.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S, New York, NY 10032, USA; (F.H.); (E.K.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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14
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Wang J, Fu J, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Yan X, Su J. Iron and Targeted Iron Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16353. [PMID: 38003544 PMCID: PMC10671546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. β-amyloid plaque (Aβ) deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau, as well as dysregulated energy metabolism in the brain, are key factors in the progression of AD. Many studies have observed abnormal iron accumulation in different regions of the AD brain, which is closely correlated with the clinical symptoms of AD; therefore, understanding the role of brain iron accumulation in the major pathological aspects of AD is critical for its treatment. This review discusses the main mechanisms and recent advances in the involvement of iron in the above pathological processes, including in iron-induced oxidative stress-dependent and non-dependent directions, summarizes the hypothesis that the iron-induced dysregulation of energy metabolism may be an initiating factor for AD, based on the available evidence, and further discusses the therapeutic perspectives of targeting iron.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Su
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (J.W.); (J.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.)
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15
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Melo de Farias AR, Pelletier A, Iohan LCC, Saha O, Bonnefond A, Amouyel P, Delahaye F, Lambert JC, Costa MR. Amyloid-Beta Peptides Trigger Premature Functional and Gene Expression Alterations in Human-Induced Neurons. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2564. [PMID: 37761004 PMCID: PMC10526858 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly, characterized by the presence of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, synapse loss and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid cascade hypothesis postulates that deposition of Aβ peptides is the causative agent of AD pathology, but we still lack comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms connecting Aβ peptides to neuronal dysfunctions in AD. In this work, we investigate the early effects of Aβ peptide accumulation on the functional properties and gene expression profiles of human-induced neurons (hiNs). We show that hiNs acutely exposed to low concentrations of both cell-secreted Aβ peptides or synthetic Aβ1-42 exhibit alterations in the frequency of calcium transients suggestive of increased neuronal excitability. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we also show that cell-secreted Aβ up-regulates the expression of several synapse-related genes and down-regulates the expression of genes associated with metabolic stress mainly in glutamatergic neurons and, to a lesser degree, in GABAergic neurons and astrocytes. These neuronal alterations correlate with activation of the SEMA5, EPHA and NECTIN signaling pathways, which are important regulators of synaptic plasticity. Altogether, our findings indicate that slight elevations in Aβ concentrations are sufficient to elicit transcriptional changes in human neurons, which can contribute to early alterations in neural network activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Melo de Farias
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019 Lille, France; (A.R.M.d.F.); (O.S.); (P.A.); (J.-C.L.)
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pelletier
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283-UMR 8199 EGID, Pôle Recherche, 1 Place de Verdun, CEDEX, 59045 Lille, France; (A.P.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Lukas Cruz Carvalho Iohan
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil;
| | - Orthis Saha
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019 Lille, France; (A.R.M.d.F.); (O.S.); (P.A.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283-UMR 8199 EGID, Pôle Recherche, 1 Place de Verdun, CEDEX, 59045 Lille, France; (A.P.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019 Lille, France; (A.R.M.d.F.); (O.S.); (P.A.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Fabien Delahaye
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283-UMR 8199 EGID, Pôle Recherche, 1 Place de Verdun, CEDEX, 59045 Lille, France; (A.P.); (A.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019 Lille, France; (A.R.M.d.F.); (O.S.); (P.A.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Marcos R. Costa
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, DISTALZ, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019 Lille, France; (A.R.M.d.F.); (O.S.); (P.A.); (J.-C.L.)
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
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16
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Aow J, Huang TR, Goh YT, Sun AX, Thinakaran G, Koo EH. Evidence for a clathrin-independent endocytic pathway for APP internalization in the neuronal somatodendritic compartment. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112774. [PMID: 37450368 PMCID: PMC10449584 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) internalization via clathrin-/dynamin-mediated endocytosis (CME) mediated by its YENPTY motif into endosomes containing β-secretase is proposed to be critical for amyloid-beta (Aβ) production. Here, we show that somatodendritic APP internalization in primary rodent neurons is not blocked by inhibiting dynamin or mutating the YENPTY motif, in contrast to non-neuronal cell lines. These phenomena, confirmed in induced human neurons under dynamin inhibition, occur during basal conditions and chemical long-term-depression stimulus, pointing to a clathrin-independent internalization pathway for somatodendritic APP. Mutating the YENPTY motif does not alter APP recycling, degradation, or endolysosomal colocalization. However, both dynamin inhibition and the YENPTY mutant significantly decrease secreted Aβ in neurons, suggesting that internalized somatodendritic APP may not constitute a major source of Aβ. Interestingly, like APP, somatodendritic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) internalization does not require its CME motif. These results highlight intriguing differences in neuronal internalization pathways and refine our understanding of Aβ production and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Aow
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tzu-Rung Huang
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yeek Teck Goh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Alfred Xuyang Sun
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edward H Koo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Xiong J, Zhang Z, Ye K. C/EBPβ/AEP Signaling Drives Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1173-1185. [PMID: 36735152 PMCID: PMC10313643 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Almost two-thirds of patients with AD are female. The reason for the higher susceptibility to AD onset in women is unclear. However, hormone changes during the menopausal transition are known to be associated with AD. Most recently, we reported that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes AD pathology and enhances cognitive dysfunctions via activating the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ)/asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) pathway. This review summarizes our current understanding of the crucial role of the C/EBPβ/AEP pathway in driving AD pathogenesis by cleaving multiple critical AD players, including APP and Tau, explaining the roles and the mechanisms of FSH in increasing the susceptibility to AD in postmenopausal females. The FSH-C/EBPβ/AEP pathway may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Shenzhen, 518034, China.
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18
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Park JYC, King A, Björk V, English BW, Fedintsev A, Ewald CY. Strategic outline of interventions targeting extracellular matrix for promoting healthy longevity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C90-C128. [PMID: 37154490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of interlinked proteins outside of cells, is an important component of the human body that helps maintain tissue architecture and cellular homeostasis. As people age, the ECM undergoes changes that can lead to age-related morbidity and mortality. Despite its importance, ECM aging remains understudied in the field of geroscience. In this review, we discuss the core concepts of ECM integrity, outline the age-related challenges and subsequent pathologies and diseases, summarize diagnostic methods detecting a faulty ECM, and provide strategies targeting ECM homeostasis. To conceptualize this, we built a technology research tree to hierarchically visualize possible research sequences for studying ECM aging. This strategic framework will hopefully facilitate the development of future research on interventions to restore ECM integrity, which could potentially lead to the development of new drugs or therapeutic interventions promoting health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Cecilia Park
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Aaron King
- Foresight Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | - Bradley W English
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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19
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Masi M, Biundo F, Fiou A, Racchi M, Pascale A, Buoso E. The Labyrinthine Landscape of APP Processing: State of the Art and Possible Novel Soluble APP-Related Molecular Players in Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076639. [PMID: 37047617 PMCID: PMC10095589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and its cleavage processes have been widely investigated in the past, in particular in the context of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Evidence of an increased expression of APP and its amyloidogenic-related cleavage enzymes, β-secretase 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase, at the hit axon terminals following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), firstly suggested a correlation between TBI and AD. Indeed, mild and severe TBI have been recognised as influential risk factors for different neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. In the present work, we describe the state of the art of APP proteolytic processing, underlining the different roles of its cleavage fragments in both physiological and pathological contexts. Considering the neuroprotective role of the soluble APP alpha (sAPPα) fragment, we hypothesised that sAPPα could modulate the expression of genes of interest for AD and TBI. Hence, we present preliminary experiments addressing sAPPα-mediated regulation of BACE1, Isthmin 2 (ISM2), Tetraspanin-3 (TSPAN3) and the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGFA), each discussed from a biological and pharmacological point of view in AD and TBI. We finally propose a neuroprotective interaction network, in which the Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) and the signalling cascade of PKCβII/nELAV/VEGF play hub roles, suggesting that vasculogenic-targeting therapies could be a feasible approach for vascular-related brain injuries typical of AD and TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Masi
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - André Fiou
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Erica Buoso
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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20
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Afram E, Lauritzen I, Bourgeois A, El Manaa W, Duplan E, Chami M, Valverde A, Charlotte B, Pardossi-Piquard R, Checler F. The η-secretase-derived APP fragment ηCTF is localized in Golgi, endosomes and extracellular vesicles and contributes to Aβ production. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:97. [PMID: 36930302 PMCID: PMC10023608 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is one of the key events contributing to Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology. Canonical cleavages by β- and γ-secretases lead to Aβ production which accumulate in amyloid plaques. Recently, the matrix metalloprotease MT5-MMP, referred to as η-secretase, has been identified as a novel APP cleaving enzyme producing a transmembrane fragment, ηCTF that undergoes subsequent cleavages by α- and β-secretases yielding the Aηα and Aηβ peptides, respectively. The functions and contributions of ηCTF and its related fragments to AD pathology are poorly understood. In this study, we designed a novel immunological probe referred to as ηCTF-NTer antibody that specifically interacts with the N-terminal part of ηCTF targeting ηCTF, Aηα, Aηβ but not C99, C83 and Aβ. We examined the fate and localization of ηCTF fragment in various cell models and in mice. We found that overexpressed ηCTF undergoes degradation in the proteasomal and autophagic pathways and accumulates mainly in the Golgi and in endosomes. Moreover, we observed the presence of ηCTF in small extracellular vesicles purified from neuroblastoma cells or from mouse brains expressing ηCTF. Importantly, the expression of ηCTF in fibroblasts devoid on APP leads to Aβ production demonstrating its contribution to the amyloidogenic pathway. Finally, we observed an ηCTF-like immunoreactivity around amyloid plaques and an age-dependent accumulation of ηCTF in the triple-transgenic mouse AD model. Thus, our study suggests that the ηCTF fragment likely contributes to AD pathology by its exosomal spreading and involvement in Aβ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Afram
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Inger Lauritzen
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Alexandre Bourgeois
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Wejdane El Manaa
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Eric Duplan
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Mounia Chami
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Audrey Valverde
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
- Fonds de Dotation CLINATEC, 17 rue des Martyrs, Bat 43, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Bauer Charlotte
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Raphaëlle Pardossi-Piquard
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France.
| | - Frederic Checler
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, UMR7275, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (Labex) DISTALZ", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France.
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21
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Rajão-Saraiva J, Dunot J, Ribera A, Temido-Ferreira M, Coelho JE, König S, Moreno S, Enguita FJ, Willem M, Kins S, Marie H, Lopes LV, Pousinha PA. Age-dependent NMDA receptor function is regulated by the amyloid precursor protein. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13778. [PMID: 36704841 PMCID: PMC10014064 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are critical for the maturation and plasticity of glutamatergic synapses. In the hippocampus, NMDARs mainly contain GluN2A and/or GluN2B regulatory subunits. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) has emerged as a putative regulator of NMDARs, but the impact of this interaction to their function is largely unknown. By combining patch-clamp electrophysiology and molecular approaches, we unravel a dual mechanism by which APP controls GluN2B-NMDARs, depending on the life stage. We show that APP is highly abundant specifically at the postnatal postsynapse. It interacts with GluN2B-NMDARs, controlling its synaptic content and mediated currents, both in infant mice and primary neuronal cultures. Upon aging, the APP amyloidogenic-derived C-terminal fragments, rather than APP full-length, contribute to aberrant GluN2B-NMDAR currents. Accordingly, we found that the APP processing is increased upon aging, both in mice and human brain. Interfering with stability or production of the APP intracellular domain normalized the GluN2B-NMDARs currents. While the first mechanism might be essential for synaptic maturation during development, the latter could contribute to age-related synaptic impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rajão-Saraiva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jade Dunot
- University Côte d' Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Aurore Ribera
- University Côte d' Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Mariana Temido-Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana E Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Svenja König
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sébastien Moreno
- University Côte d' Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hélène Marie
- University Côte d' Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Luísa V Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula A Pousinha
- University Côte d' Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
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22
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Kamikubo Y, Jin H, Zhou Y, Niisato K, Hashimoto Y, Takasugi N, Sakurai T. Ex vivo analysis platforms for monitoring amyloid precursor protein cleavage. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1068990. [PMID: 36683852 PMCID: PMC9852844 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1068990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. The presence of large numbers of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cerebral atrophy is the characteristic feature of AD. Amyloid β peptide (Aβ), derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), is the main component of senile plaques. AD has been extensively studied using methods involving cell lines, primary cultures of neural cells, and animal models; however, discrepancies have been observed between these methods. Dissociated cultures lose the brain's tissue architecture, including neural circuits, glial cells, and extracellular matrix. Experiments with animal models are lengthy and require laborious monitoring of multiple parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to combine these experimental models to understand the pathology of AD. An experimental platform amenable to continuous observation and experimental manipulation is required to analyze long-term neuronal development, plasticity, and progressive neurodegenerative diseases. In the current study, we provide a practical method to slice and cultivate rodent hippocampus to investigate the cleavage of APP and secretion of Aβ in an ex vivo model. Furthermore, we provide basic information on Aβ secretion using slice cultures. Using our optimized method, dozens to hundreds of long-term stable slice cultures can be coordinated simultaneously. Our findings are valuable for analyses of AD mouse models and senile plaque formation culture models.
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23
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Xu X, Xu H, Zhang Z. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related cardiac injury: Focus on cardiac cell death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1156970. [PMID: 36910141 PMCID: PMC9998697 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1156970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a kind of disease in which amyloid β (Aβ) and other amyloid protein deposits in the cerebral cortex and the small blood vessels of the brain, causing cerebrovascular and brain parenchymal damage. CAA patients are often accompanied by cardiac injury, involving Aβ, tau and transthyroxine amyloid (ATTR). Aβ is the main injury factor of CAA, which can accelerate the formation of coronary artery atherosclerosis, aortic valve osteogenesis calcification and cardiomyocytes basophilic degeneration. In the early stage of CAA (pre-stroke), the accompanying locus coeruleus (LC) amyloidosis, vasculitis and circulating Aβ will induce first hit to the heart. When the CAA progresses to an advanced stage and causes a cerebral hemorrhage, the hemorrhage leads to autonomic nervous function disturbance, catecholamine surges, and systemic inflammation reaction, which can deal the second hit to the heart. Based on the brain-heart axis, CAA and its associated cardiac injury can create a vicious cycle that accelerates the progression of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huikang Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment for Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical care medicine, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Wen QX, Luo B, Xie XY, Zhou GF, Chen J, Song L, Liu Y, Xie SQ, Chen L, Li KY, Xiang XJ, Chen GJ. AP2S1 regulates APP degradation through late endosome-lysosome fusion in cells and APP/PS1 mice. Traffic 2023; 24:20-33. [PMID: 36412210 PMCID: PMC10107530 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AP2S1 is the sigma 2 subunit of adaptor protein 2 (AP2) that is essential for endocytosis. In this study, we investigated the potential role of AP2S1 in intracellular processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), which contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) by generating the toxic β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). We found that knockdown or overexpression of AP2S1 decreased or increased the protein levels of APP and Aβ in cells stably expressing human full-length APP695, respectively. This effect was unrelated to endocytosis but involved lysosomal degradation. Morphological studies revealed that silencing of AP2S1 promoted the translocalization of APP from RAB9-positive late endosomes (LE) to LAMP1-positive lysosomes, which was paralleled by the enhanced LE-lysosome fusion. In support, silencing of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 (VPS41) that is implicated in LE-lyso fusion prevented AP2S1-mediated regulation of APP degradation and translocalization. In APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of AD, AAV-mediated delivery of AP2S1 shRNA in the hippocampus significantly reduced the protein levels of APP and Aβ, with the concomitant APP translocalization, LE-lyso fusion and the improved cognitive functions. Taken together, these data uncover a LE-lyso fusion mechanism in APP degradation and suggest a novel role for AP2S1 in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xin Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Qi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Liu YS, Zhao HF, Li Q, Cui HW, Huang GD. Research Progress on the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease from the Perspective of Chronic Stress. Aging Dis 2022:AD.2022.1211. [PMID: 37163426 PMCID: PMC10389837 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its extremely complex pathogenesis, no effective drugs to prevent, delay progression, or cure Alzheimer's disease (AD) exist at present. The main pathological features of AD are senile plaques composed of β-amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, and degeneration or loss of neurons in the brain. Many risk factors associated with the onset of AD, including gene mutations, aging, traumatic brain injury, endocrine and cardiovascular diseases, education level, and obesity. Growing evidence points to chronic stress as one of the major risk factors for AD, as it can promote the onset and development of AD-related pathologies via a mechanism that is not well known. The use of murine stress models, including restraint, social isolation, noise, and unpredictable stress, has contributed to improving our understanding of the relationship between chronic stress and AD. This review summarizes the evidence derived from murine models on the pathological features associated with AD and the related molecular mechanisms induced by chronic stress. These results not only provide a retrospective interpretation for understanding the pathogenesis of AD, but also provide a window of opportunity for more effective preventive and identifying therapeutic strategies for stress-induced AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua-Fu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han-Wei Cui
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Dong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Pandey SN, Singh G, Semwal BC, Gupta G, Alharbi KS, Almalki WH, Albratty M, Najmi A, Meraya AM. Therapeutic approaches of nutraceuticals in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14426. [PMID: 36169224 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological illness that causes memory loss over time. Currently, available pharmaceutical medicines and products are limited, and they have side effects at a higher price. Researchers and scientists have observed significant effects of nutraceuticals. Various preclinical and clinical studies were investigated for the Anti-Alzheimer's activity of nutraceuticals. The increasing ability of the pathogenesis of AD has led to the analysis of novel therapeutic targets, including the pathophysiological mechanisms and distinct cascades. So, current improvement will show the most adequate and prominent nutraceuticals and suggested concise mechanisms involving autophagy regulation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, mitochondrial homeostasis, and others. The effects of nutraceuticals cannot be ignored; it is important to investigate high-quality clinical trials. Given the potential of nutraceuticals to battle AD as multi-targeted therapies, it's vital to evaluate them as viable lead compounds for drug discovery and development. To the best of the authors 'knowledge, modification of blood-brain barrier permeability, bioavailability, and aspects of randomized clinical trials should be considered in prospective investigations. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Advancements in molecular diagnostic and fundamentals have implemented particular usefulness for drug evaluation. An excess of experimental knowledge occurs regarding the effect of nutraceuticals on AD. There are various preclinical and clinical studies that have been done on nutraceuticals. In addition, various substitute inhibit and enhance some pathophysiological levels associated with AD. Nutraceuticals are easily available and have fewer side effects with cost-effective advantages. However, further investigations and clinical trials are required to encourage its effect on disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Nath Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, UP, India
| | - Gurfateh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupesh Chander Semwal
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India.,Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Varshavskaya KB, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Barykin EP. Synthetic, Cell-Derived, Brain-Derived, and Recombinant β-Amyloid: Modelling Alzheimer's Disease for Research and Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15036. [PMID: 36499362 PMCID: PMC9738609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, characterised by the accumulation of senile plaques and tau tangles, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in the brain. The development of AD is a pathological cascade starting according to the amyloid hypothesis with the accumulation and aggregation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), which induces hyperphosphorylation of tau and promotes the pro-inflammatory activation of microglia leading to synaptic loss and, ultimately, neuronal death. Modelling AD-related processes is important for both studying the molecular basis of the disease and the development of novel therapeutics. The replication of these processes is often achieved with the use of a purified Aβ peptide. However, Aβ preparations obtained from different sources can have strikingly different properties. This review aims to compare the structure and biological effects of Aβ oligomers and aggregates of a higher order: synthetic, recombinant, purified from cell culture, or extracted from brain tissue. The authors summarise the applicability of Aβ preparations for modelling Aβ aggregation, neurotoxicity, cytoskeleton damage, receptor toxicity in vitro and cerebral amyloidosis, synaptic plasticity disruption, and cognitive impairment in vivo and ex vivo. Further, the paper discusses the causes of the reported differences in the effect of Aβ obtained from the sources mentioned above. This review points to the importance of the source of Aβ for AD modelling and could help researchers to choose the optimal way to model the Aβ-induced abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander A. Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Vavilov St. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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28
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Alraawi Z, Banerjee N, Mohanty S, Kumar TKS. Amyloidogenesis: What Do We Know So Far? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213970. [PMID: 36430450 PMCID: PMC9695042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of protein aggregation, and amyloidosis in particular, has gained considerable interest in recent times. Several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) show a characteristic buildup of proteinaceous aggregates in several organs, especially the brain. Despite the enormous upsurge in research articles in this arena, it would not be incorrect to say that we still lack a crystal-clear idea surrounding these notorious aggregates. In this review, we attempt to present a holistic picture on protein aggregation and amyloids in particular. Using a chronological order of discoveries, we present the case of amyloids right from the onset of their discovery, various biophysical techniques, including analysis of the structure, the mechanisms and kinetics of the formation of amyloids. We have discussed important questions on whether aggregation and amyloidosis are restricted to a subset of specific proteins or more broadly influenced by the biophysiochemical and cellular environment. The therapeutic strategies and the significant failure rate of drugs in clinical trials pertaining to these neurodegenerative diseases have been also discussed at length. At a time when the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the globe hard, the review also discusses the plausibility of the far-reaching consequences posed by the virus, such as triggering early onset of amyloidosis. Finally, the application(s) of amyloids as useful biomaterials has also been discussed briefly in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Alraawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fulbright College of Art and Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Nayan Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Srujana Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741246, India
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29
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Fan J, Wei X, Dong H, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Xu M, Xiao G. Advancement in Analytical Techniques for Determining the Activity of β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:1797-1809. [PMID: 36227582 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2132812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. The pathogenesis is still not fully clear. One of the main histopathological manifestations is senile plaques formed by β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation. Aβ is generated from the sequential proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase [i.e. β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)] and γ-secretase, with a rate-limiting step controlled by BACE1 activity. Therefore, inhibiting BACE1 activity has become a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. The development of reliable detection methods for BACE1 activity plays an important role in early diagnosis of AD and evaluation of the therapeutic effect of new drugs for AD. This article has reviewed the recent advances in BACE1 activity detection techniques. The challenges of applying these analysis techniques to early clinical diagnosis of AD and development trends of the detection techniques have been prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuhua Wei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Yintang Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Yanli Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Maotian Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Guoqing Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
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30
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Tok S, Maurin H, Delay C, Crauwels D, Manyakov NV, Van Der Elst W, Moechars D, Drinkenburg WHIM. Pathological and neurophysiological outcomes of seeding human-derived tau pathology in the APP-KI NL-G-F and NL-NL mouse models of Alzheimer's Disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:92. [PMID: 35739575 PMCID: PMC9219251 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The two main histopathological hallmarks that characterize Alzheimer’s Disease are the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. One of the current approaches to studying the consequences of amyloid pathology relies on the usage of transgenic animal models that incorporate the mutant humanized form of the amyloid precursor protein (hAPP), with animal models progressively developing amyloid pathology as they age. However, these mice models generally overexpress the hAPP protein to facilitate the development of amyloid pathology, which has been suggested to elicit pathological and neuropathological changes unrelated to amyloid pathology. In this current study, we characterized APP knock-in (APP-KI) animals, that do not overexpress hAPP but still develop amyloid pathology to understand the influence of protein overexpression. We also induced tau pathology via human-derived tau seeding material to understand the neurophysiological effects of amyloid and tau pathology. We report that tau-seeded APP-KI animals progressively develop tau pathology, exacerbated by the presence of amyloid pathology. Interestingly, older amyloid-bearing, tau-seeded animals exhibited more amyloid pathology in the entorhinal area, isocortex and hippocampus, but not thalamus, which appeared to correlate with impairments in gamma oscillations before seeding. Tau-seeded animals also featured immediate deficits in power spectra values and phase-amplitude indices in the hippocampus after seeding, with gamma power spectra deficits persisting in younger animals. Both deficits in hippocampal phase-amplitude coupling and gamma power differentiate tau-seeded, amyloid-positive animals from buffer controls. Based on our results, impairments in gamma oscillations appear to be strongly associated with the presence and development of amyloid and tau pathology, and may also be an indicator of neuropathology, network dysfunction, and even potential disposition to the future development of amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tok
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Maurin
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - C Delay
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - D Crauwels
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - N V Manyakov
- Data Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - W Van Der Elst
- Quantitative Sciences Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - D Moechars
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - W H I M Drinkenburg
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium. .,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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31
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Quantitative Proteomics Reveals That ADAM15 Can Have Proteolytic-Independent Functions in the Steady State. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060578. [PMID: 35736286 PMCID: PMC9227920 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 15 (ADAM15) is a member of the ADAM family of sheddases. Its genetic ablation in mice suggests that ADAM15 plays an important role in a wide variety of biological functions, including cartilage homeostasis. Nevertheless, while the substrate repertoire of other members of the ADAM family, including ADAM10 and ADAM17, is largely established, little is known about the substrates of ADAM15 and how it exerts its biological functions. Herein, we used unbiased proteomics to identify ADAM15 substrates and proteins regulated by the proteinase in chondrocyte-like HTB94 cells. ADAM15 silencing did not induce major changes in the secretome composition of HTB94 cells, as revealed by two different proteomic approaches. Conversely, overexpression of ADAM15 remodeled the secretome, with levels of several secreted proteins being altered compared to GFP-overexpressing controls. However, the analysis did not identify potential substrates of the sheddase, i.e., transmembrane proteins released by ADAM15 in the extracellular milieu. Intriguingly, secretome analysis and immunoblotting demonstrated that ADAM15 overexpression increased secreted levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP-3), a major regulator of extracellular matrix turnover. An inactive form of ADAM15 led to a similar increase in the inhibitor, indicating that ADAM15 regulates TIMP-3 secretion by an unknown mechanism independent of its catalytic activity. In conclusion, high-resolution quantitative proteomics of HTB94 cells manipulated to have increased or decreased ADAM15 expression did not identify canonical substrates of the proteinase in the steady state, but it revealed that ADAM15 can modulate the secretome in a catalytically-independent manner.
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32
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Delport A, Hewer R. The amyloid precursor protein: a converging point in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4501-4516. [PMID: 35579846 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The decades of evidence that showcase the role of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and its fragment amyloidβ (Aβ), in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis are irrefutable. However, the absolute focus on the single APP metabolite Aβ as the cause for AD has resulted in APP and its other fragments that possess toxic propensity, to be overlooked as targets for treatment. The complexity of its processing and its association with systematic metabolism suggests that, if misregulated, APP has the potential to provoke an array of metabolic dysfunctions. This review discusses APP and several of its cleaved products with a particular focus on their toxicity and ability to disrupt healthy cellular function, in relation to AD development. We subsequently argue that the reduction of APP, which would result in a concurrent decrease in Aβ as well as all other toxic APP metabolites, would alleviate the toxic environment associated with AD and slow disease progression. A discussion of those drug-like compounds already identified to possess this capacity is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandré Delport
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa.
| | - Raymond Hewer
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa
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33
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Navarro-Hortal MD, Romero-Márquez JM, Osta S, Jiménez-Trigo V, Muñoz-Ollero P, Varela-López A. Natural Bioactive Products and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology: Lessons from Caenorhabditis elegans Transgenic Models. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10020028. [PMID: 35645249 PMCID: PMC9149938 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-dependent, progressive disorder affecting millions of people. Currently, the therapeutics for AD only treat the symptoms. Although they have been used to discover new products of interest for this disease, mammalian models used to investigate the molecular determinants of this disease are often prohibitively expensive, time-consuming and very complex. On the other hand, cell cultures lack the organism complexity involved in AD. Given the highly conserved neurological pathways between mammals and invertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a powerful tool for the investigation of the pathophysiology of human AD. Numerous models of both Tau- and Aβ-induced toxicity, the two prime components observed to correlate with AD pathology and the ease of performing RNA interference for any gene in the C. elegans genome, allow for the identification of multiple therapeutic targets. The effects of many natural products in main AD hallmarks using these models suggest promising health-promoting effects. However, the way in which they exert such effects is not entirely clear. One of the reasons is that various possible therapeutic targets have not been evaluated in many studies. The present review aims to explore shared therapeutical targets and the potential of each of them for AD treatment or prevention.
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34
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Manukyan AL. Noise as a cause of neurodegenerative disorders: molecular and cellular mechanisms. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:2983-2993. [PMID: 35166975 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Noise as an environmental stressor becomes of increasing importance in our industrialized world, and especially traffic noise from the environment represents a potential novel neurodegenerative risk factor, as well as for hearing loss. A significant number of studies have been suggested that the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has a complex role in stimulation of pathologic events. Experimental studies upon molecular pathways of traffic noise exposure proposed that it increased the level of stress hormones and mediated the inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) pathways resulting in endothelial and neuronal dysfunction. Studies have shown that neurons are especially sensitive to OS due to high polyunsaturated fatty acids content in membranes, high oxygen uptake, and weak antioxidant defense. However, OS induces the necrotic and apoptotic cell deaths in the cochlea. Chronic noise is one of the many overall reasons of obtained sensorineural hearing loss which destroys cognitive functions in human and animals, as well as suppresses neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Nevertheless, behavioral disorders caused by noise are mainly accompanied with oxidative stress, but the clear molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration due to disruption of the pro- and antioxidant systems is still not fully understood. This paper aims to highlight the down-stream pathophysiology of noise-induced mental disorders, including hearing loss, annoyance, anxiety, depression, memory loss, and Alzheimer's disease, describing the underlying mechanisms of induction of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkhen L Manukyan
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Koryun 2, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
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35
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Checler F, Alves da Costa C. Parkin as a Molecular Bridge Linking Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040559. [PMID: 35454148 PMCID: PMC9026546 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD) diseases are two distinct age-related pathologies that are characterized by various common dysfunctions. They are referred to as proteinopathies characterized by ubiquitinated protein accumulation and aggregation. This accumulation is mainly due to altered lysosomal and proteasomal clearing processes and is generally accompanied by ER stress disturbance, autophagic and mitophagic defects, mitochondrial structure and function alterations and enhanced neuronal cell death. Genetic approaches aimed at identifying molecular triggers responsible for familial forms of AD or PD have helped to understand the etiology of their sporadic counterparts. It appears that several proteins thought to contribute to one of these pathologies are also likely to contribute to the other. One such protein is parkin (PK). Here, we will briefly describe anatomical lesions and genetic advances linked to AD and PD as well as the main cellular processes commonly affected in these pathologies. Further, we will focus on current studies suggesting that PK could well participate in AD and thereby act as a molecular bridge between these two pathologies. In particular, we will focus on the transcription factor function of PK and its newly described transcriptional targets that are directly related to AD- and PD-linked cellular defects.
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Kocurova G, Ricny J, Ovsepian SV. Autoantibodies targeting neuronal proteins as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. Theranostics 2022; 12:3045-3056. [PMID: 35547759 PMCID: PMC9065204 DOI: 10.7150/thno.72126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are associated with the accumulation of a range of misfolded proteins across the central nervous system and related autoimmune responses, including the generation of antibodies and the activation of immune cells. Both innate and adaptive immunity become mobilized, leading to cellular and humoral effects. The role of humoral immunity in disease onset and progression remains to be elucidated with rising evidence suggestive of positive (protection, repair) and negative (injury, toxicity) outcomes. In this study, we review advances in research of neuron-targeting autoantibodies in the most prevalent NDDs. We discuss their biological origin, molecular diversity and changes in the course of diseases, consider their relevance to the initiation and progression of pathology as well as diagnostic and prognostic significance. It is suggested that the emerging autoimmune aspects of NDDs not only could facilitate the early detection but also might help to elucidate previously unknown facets of pathobiology with relevance to the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kocurova
- Experimental Neurobiology Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ricny
- Experimental Neurobiology Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Saak V. Ovsepian
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
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Gabriele RMC, Abel E, Fox NC, Wray S, Arber C. Knockdown of Amyloid Precursor Protein: Biological Consequences and Clinical Opportunities. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:835645. [PMID: 35360155 PMCID: PMC8964081 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.835645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its cleavage fragment Amyloid-β (Aβ) have fundamental roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic alterations that either increase the overall dosage of APP or alter its processing to favour the generation of longer, more aggregation prone Aβ species, are directly causative of the disease. People living with one copy of APP are asymptomatic and reducing APP has been shown to lower the relative production of aggregation-prone Aβ species in vitro. For these reasons, reducing APP expression is an attractive approach for AD treatment and prevention. In this review, we will describe the structure and the known functions of APP and go on to discuss the biological consequences of APP knockdown and knockout in model systems. We highlight progress in therapeutic strategies to reverse AD pathology via reducing APP expression. We conclude that new technologies that reduce the dosage of APP expression may allow disease modification and slow clinical progression, delaying or even preventing onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. C. Gabriele
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Abel
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London (UCL), Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick C. Fox
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London (UCL), Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Arber
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Charles Arber,
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Pilat D, Paumier JM, García-González L, Louis L, Stephan D, Manrique C, Khrestchatisky M, Di Pasquale E, Baranger K, Rivera S. MT5-MMP promotes neuroinflammation, neuronal excitability and Aβ production in primary neuron/astrocyte cultures from the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:65. [PMID: 35277173 PMCID: PMC8915472 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 5 (MT5-MMP) deficiency in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) reduces brain neuroinflammation and amyloidosis, and prevents deficits in synaptic activity and cognition in prodromal stages of the disease. In addition, MT5-MMP deficiency prevents interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-mediated inflammation in the peripheral nervous system. In this context, we hypothesized that the MT5-MMP/IL-1β tandem could regulate nascent AD pathogenic events in developing neural cells shortly after the onset of transgene activation.
Methods
To test this hypothesis, we used 11–14 day in vitro primary cortical cultures from wild type, MT5-MMP−/−, 5xFAD and 5xFAD/MT5-MMP−/− mice, and evaluated the impact of MT5-MMP deficiency and IL-1β treatment for 24 h, by performing whole cell patch-clamp recordings, RT-qPCR, western blot, gel zymography, ELISA, immunocytochemistry and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated transduction.
Results
5xFAD cells showed higher levels of MT5-MMP than wild type, concomitant with higher basal levels of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, MT5-MMP-deficient cultures had strong decrease of the inflammatory response to IL-1β, as well as decreased stability of recombinant IL-1β. The levels of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) were similar in 5xFAD and wild-type cultures, and IL-1β treatment did not affect Aβ levels. Instead, the absence of MT5-MMP significantly reduced Aβ by more than 40% while sparing APP metabolism, suggesting altogether no functional crosstalk between IL-1β and APP/Aβ, as well as independent control of their levels by MT5-MMP. The lack of MT5-MMP strongly downregulated the AAV-induced neuronal accumulation of the C-terminal APP fragment, C99, and subsequently that of Aβ. Finally, MT5-MMP deficiency prevented basal hyperexcitability observed in 5xFAD neurons, but not hyperexcitability induced by IL-1β treatment.
Conclusions
Neuroinflammation and hyperexcitability precede Aβ accumulation in developing neural cells with nascent expression of AD transgenes. MT5-MMP deletion is able to tune down basal neuronal inflammation and hyperexcitability, as well as APP/Aβ metabolism. In addition, MT5-MMP deficiency prevents IL-1β-mediated effects in brain cells, except hyperexcitability. Overall, this work reinforces the idea that MT5-MMP is at the crossroads of pathogenic AD pathways that are already incipiently activated in developing neural cells, and that targeting MT5-MMP opens interesting therapeutic prospects.
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Eggert S, Kins S, Endres K, Brigadski T. Brothers in arms: proBDNF/BDNF and sAPPα/Aβ-signaling and their common interplay with ADAM10, TrkB, p75NTR, sortilin, and sorLA in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Chem 2022; 403:43-71. [PMID: 34619027 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important modulator for a variety of functions in the central nervous system (CNS). A wealth of evidence, such as reduced mRNA and protein level in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood samples of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients implicates a crucial role of BDNF in the progression of this disease. Especially, processing and subcellular localization of BDNF and its receptors TrkB and p75 are critical determinants for survival and death in neuronal cells. Similarly, the amyloid precursor protein (APP), a key player in Alzheimer's disease, and its cleavage fragments sAPPα and Aβ are known for their respective roles in neuroprotection and neuronal death. Common features of APP- and BDNF-signaling indicate a causal relationship in their mode of action. However, the interconnections of APP- and BDNF-signaling are not well understood. Therefore, we here discuss dimerization properties, localization, processing by α- and γ-secretase, relevance of the common interaction partners TrkB, p75, sorLA, and sortilin as well as shared signaling pathways of BDNF and sAPPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Eggert
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
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Pelucchi S, Gardoni F, Di Luca M, Marcello E. Synaptic dysfunction in early phases of Alzheimer's Disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:417-438. [PMID: 35034752 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synapse is the locus of plasticity where short-term alterations in synaptic strength are converted to long-lasting memories. In addition to the presynaptic terminal and the postsynaptic compartment, a more holistic view of the synapse includes the astrocytes and the extracellular matrix to form a tetrapartite synapse. All these four elements contribute to synapse health and are crucial for synaptic plasticity events and, thereby, for learning and memory processes. Synaptic dysfunction is a common pathogenic trait of several brain disorders. In Alzheimer's Disease, the degeneration of synapses can be detected at the early stages of pathology progression before neuronal degeneration, supporting the hypothesis that synaptic failure is a major determinant of the disease. The synapse is the place where amyloid-β peptides are generated and is the target of the toxic amyloid-β oligomers. All the elements constituting the tetrapartite synapse are altered in Alzheimer's Disease and can synergistically contribute to synaptic dysfunction. Moreover, the two main hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease, i.e., amyloid-β and tau, act in concert to cause synaptic deficits. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying synaptic dysfunction is relevant for the development of the next-generation therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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41
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Zarhin D, Atsmon R, Ruggiero A, Baeloha H, Shoob S, Scharf O, Heim LR, Buchbinder N, Shinikamin O, Shapira I, Styr B, Braun G, Harel M, Sheinin A, Geva N, Sela Y, Saito T, Saido T, Geiger T, Nir Y, Ziv Y, Slutsky I. Disrupted neural correlates of anesthesia and sleep reveal early circuit dysfunctions in Alzheimer models. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110268. [PMID: 35045289 PMCID: PMC8789564 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated homeostasis of neural activity has been hypothesized to drive Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. AD begins with a decades-long presymptomatic phase, but whether homeostatic mechanisms already begin failing during this silent phase is unknown. We show that before the onset of memory decline and sleep disturbances, familial AD (fAD) model mice display no deficits in CA1 mean firing rate (MFR) during active wakefulness. However, homeostatic down-regulation of CA1 MFR is disrupted during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and general anesthesia in fAD mouse models. The resultant hyperexcitability is attenuated by the mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) enzyme inhibitor, which tunes MFR toward lower set-point values. Ex vivo fAD mutations impair downward MFR homeostasis, resulting in pathological MFR set points in response to anesthetic drug and inhibition blockade. Thus, firing rate dyshomeostasis of hippocampal circuits is masked during active wakefulness but surfaces during low-arousal brain states, representing an early failure of the silent disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zarhin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Refaela Atsmon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Antonella Ruggiero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Halit Baeloha
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shiri Shoob
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Oded Scharf
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Leore R Heim
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nadav Buchbinder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ortal Shinikamin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ilana Shapira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Boaz Styr
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Gabriella Braun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michal Harel
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Anton Sheinin
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nitzan Geva
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yaniv Sela
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yuval Nir
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yaniv Ziv
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Inna Slutsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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42
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Ong-Pålsson E, Njavro JR, Wilson Y, Pigoni M, Schmidt A, Müller SA, Meyer M, Hartmann J, Busche MA, Gunnersen JM, Munro KM, Lichtenthaler SF. The β-Secretase Substrate Seizure 6-Like Protein (SEZ6L) Controls Motor Functions in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1183-1198. [PMID: 34958451 PMCID: PMC8857007 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The membrane protein seizure 6-like (SEZ6L) is a neuronal substrate of the Alzheimer's disease protease BACE1, and little is known about its physiological function in the nervous system. Here, we show that SEZ6L constitutive knockout mice display motor phenotypes in adulthood, including changes in gait and decreased motor coordination. Additionally, SEZ6L knockout mice displayed increased anxiety-like behaviour, although spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze were normal. Analysis of the gross anatomy and proteome of the adult SEZ6L knockout cerebellum did not reveal any major differences compared to wild type, indicating that lack of SEZ6L in other regions of the nervous system may contribute to the phenotypes observed. In summary, our study establishes physiological functions for SEZ6L in regulating motor coordination and curbing anxiety-related behaviour, indicating that aberrant SEZ6L function in the human nervous system may contribute to movement disorders and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ong-Pålsson
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jasenka Rudan Njavro
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvette Wilson
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Martina Pigoni
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andree Schmidt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer
- Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 82152, Planegg/Munich, Germany
| | - Jana Hartmann
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, Great Britain, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Institute of Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Aurel Busche
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, Great Britain, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jenny M Gunnersen
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Kathryn M Munro
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany. .,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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43
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Goshtasbi H, Pakchin PS, Movafeghi A, Barar J, Castejon AM, Omidian H, Omidi Y. Impacts of oxidants and antioxidants on the emergence and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 153:105268. [PMID: 34954260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The brain shows a high sensitivity to oxidative stress (OS). Thus, the maintenance of homeostasis of the brain regarding the reduction-oxidation (redox) situation is crucial for the regular function of the central nervous systems (CNS). The imbalance between the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular mechanism might lead to the emergence of OS, causing profound cell death as well as tissue damages and initiating neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Characterized by the cytoplasmic growth of neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular β-amyloid plaques, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex NDD that causes dementia in adult life with severe manifestations. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key transcription factor that regulates the functional expression of OS-related genes and the functionality of endogenous antioxidants. In the case of oxidative damage, NRF2 is transferred to the nucleus and attached to the antioxidant response element (ARE) that enhances the sequence to initiate transcription of the cell-protecting genes. This review articulates various mechanisms engaged with the generation of active and reactive species of endogenous and exogenous oxidants and focuses on the antioxidants as a body defense system regarding the NRF2-ARE signaling path in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamieh Goshtasbi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Samadi Pakchin
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Movafeghi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ana M Castejon
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, United States
| | - Hossein Omidian
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, United States
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, United States.
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44
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Lai X, Hu J, Liu H, Lan L, Long Y, Gao X, Deng J. A short peptide from sAPPα binding to BACE1-APP action site rescues Alzheimer-like pathology. Neurosci Lett 2021; 770:136397. [PMID: 34915100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is the driven force of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and reducing Aβ production could be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. sAPPα appears to have the ability to specifically inhibit β-cleavage of APP without inhibiting BACE1 completely, direct administration of sAPPα may not be clinically applicable due to the low permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of a short peptide generated from sAPPα, which could specifically bind to BACE1 at the BACE1-APP action site. We found that this peptide significantly reduced Aβ production both in vivo and in vitro, thus further attenuated Aβ deposition, Tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation et al. and rescued behavioral deficits. Therefore, this short peptide may hold promise for the treatment of AD due to its neuroprotective effects, low molecular weight to cross BBB, and less safety concerns. The anti-neurodegenerative capacity of sAPPα may not result solely from direct inhibition of BACE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lai
- Department of General Medicine and Center of Health Management Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of General Medicine and Center of Health Management Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of General Medicine and Center of Health Management Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ling Lan
- Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of General Medicine and Center of Health Management Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of General Medicine and Center of Health Management Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of General Medicine and Center of Health Management Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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45
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Mattingly J, Li Y, Bihl JC, Wang J. The promise of exosome applications in treating central nervous system diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1437-1445. [PMID: 34636491 PMCID: PMC8611778 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (EXs), a type of extracellular vesicles, are secreted from virtually all types of cells. EXs serve as cell-to-cell communicators by conveying proteins and nucleic acids with regulatory functions. Increasing evidence shows that EXs are implicated in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Moreover, EXs have recently been highlighted as a new promising therapeutic strategy for in vivo delivery of nucleotides and drugs. Studies have revealed that infusion of EXs elicits beneficial effects on the CNS injury animal models. As compared to cell-based therapy, EXs-based therapy for CNS diseases has unique advantages, opening a new path for neurological medicine. In this review, we summarized the current state of knowledge of EXs, the roles and applications of EXs as a viable pathological biomarker, and EX-based therapy for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Mattingly
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBoonshoft School of MedicineWright State UniversityDaytonOhioUSA
| | - Ji C. Bihl
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Jinju Wang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesJoan C. Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
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46
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The case for low-level BACE1 inhibition for the prevention of Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:703-714. [PMID: 34548654 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in older individuals (>65 years) and has a long presymptomatic phase. Preventive therapies for AD are not yet available, and potential disease-modifying therapies targeting amyloid-β plaques in symptomatic stages of AD have only just been approved in the United States. Small-molecule inhibitors of β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1; also known as β-secretase 1) reduce the production of amyloid-β peptide and are among the most advanced drug candidates for AD. However, to date all phase II and phase III clinical trials of BACE inhibitors were either concluded without benefit or discontinued owing to futility or the occurrence of adverse effects. Adverse effects included early, mild cognitive impairment that was associated with all but one inhibitor; preliminary results suggest that the cognitive effects are non-progressive and reversible. These discontinuations have raised questions regarding the suitability of BACE1 as a drug target for AD. In this Perspective, we discuss the status of BACE inhibitors and suggest ways in which the results of the discontinued trials can inform the development of future clinical trials of BACE inhibitors and related secretase modulators as preventative therapies. We also propose a series of experiments that should be performed to inform 'go-no-go' decisions in future trials with BACE inhibitors and consider the possibility that low levels of BACE1 inhibition could avoid adverse effects while achieving efficacy for AD prevention.
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Lichtenthaler SF, Tschirner SK, Steiner H. Secretases in Alzheimer's disease: Novel insights into proteolysis of APP and TREM2. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 72:101-110. [PMID: 34689040 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Secretases are a group of proteases that are major drug targets considered for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Secretases do not only process the AD-linked neuronal amyloid precursor protein (APP) but also the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), thereby controlling microglial functions. This review highlights selected recent discoveries for the α-secretases a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), the β-secretase β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase and their link to AD. New genetic evidence strengthens the role of α-secretases in AD through cleavage of APP and TREM2. Novel proteins were linked to AD, which control α- and β-secretase activity through transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Finally, new opportunities but also challenges are discussed for pharmacologically targeting β- and γ-secretase cleavage of APP and α-secretase cleavage of TREM2 with the aim to prevent or treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Sarah K Tschirner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Steiner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.
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48
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Alić I, Goh PA, Murray A, Portelius E, Gkanatsiou E, Gough G, Mok KY, Koschut D, Brunmeir R, Yeap YJ, O'Brien NL, Groet J, Shao X, Havlicek S, Dunn NR, Kvartsberg H, Brinkmalm G, Hithersay R, Startin C, Hamburg S, Phillips M, Pervushin K, Turmaine M, Wallon D, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Soininen H, Volpi E, Martin JE, Foo JN, Becker DL, Rostagno A, Ghiso J, Krsnik Ž, Šimić G, Kostović I, Mitrečić D, Francis PT, Blennow K, Strydom A, Hardy J, Zetterberg H, Nižetić D. Patient-specific Alzheimer-like pathology in trisomy 21 cerebral organoids reveals BACE2 as a gene dose-sensitive AD suppressor in human brain. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5766-5788. [PMID: 32647257 PMCID: PMC8190957 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A population of more than six million people worldwide at high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are those with Down Syndrome (DS, caused by trisomy 21 (T21)), 70% of whom develop dementia during lifetime, caused by an extra copy of β-amyloid-(Aβ)-precursor-protein gene. We report AD-like pathology in cerebral organoids grown in vitro from non-invasively sampled strands of hair from 71% of DS donors. The pathology consisted of extracellular diffuse and fibrillar Aβ deposits, hyperphosphorylated/pathologically conformed Tau, and premature neuronal loss. Presence/absence of AD-like pathology was donor-specific (reproducible between individual organoids/iPSC lines/experiments). Pathology could be triggered in pathology-negative T21 organoids by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated elimination of the third copy of chromosome 21 gene BACE2, but prevented by combined chemical β and γ-secretase inhibition. We found that T21 organoids secrete increased proportions of Aβ-preventing (Aβ1-19) and Aβ-degradation products (Aβ1-20 and Aβ1-34). We show these profiles mirror in cerebrospinal fluid of people with DS. We demonstrate that this protective mechanism is mediated by BACE2-trisomy and cross-inhibited by clinically trialled BACE1 inhibitors. Combined, our data prove the physiological role of BACE2 as a dose-sensitive AD-suppressor gene, potentially explaining the dementia delay in ~30% of people with DS. We also show that DS cerebral organoids could be explored as pre-morbid AD-risk population detector and a system for hypothesis-free drug screens as well as identification of natural suppressor genes for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Grants
- MR/S011277/1 Medical Research Council
- MR/L501542/1 Medical Research Council
- G-0907 Parkinson's UK
- MR/N026004/1 Medical Research Council
- MR/R024901/1 Medical Research Council
- Wellcome Trust
- 217199 Wellcome Trust
- G0901254 Medical Research Council
- MR/T002581/1 Medical Research Council
- RF1 AG059695 NIA NIH HHS
- G0701075 Medical Research Council
- 098330 Wellcome Trust
- William Harvey Academy Fellowship, co-funded by the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement n° 608765
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Foundation for Medical Research in France)
- National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister’s office, Republic of Singapore)
- BrightFocus Foundation (BrightFocus)
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc.)
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council Formas)
- KB holds the Torsten Söderberg Professorship in Medicine at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and is supported by the Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (#AF-742881), Hjärnfonden, Sweden (#FO2017-0243), and the Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-715986).
- Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)
- JH received funding from the Dementia Research Institute, an anonymous foundation and the Dolby foundation
- HZ is a Wallenberg Academy Fellow supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, the European Research Council, Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (ALFGBG-720931) the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Alić
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pollyanna A Goh
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
| | - Aoife Murray
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Eleni Gkanatsiou
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Gillian Gough
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Kin Y Mok
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Dementia Research Institute & Reta Lila Weston Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - David Koschut
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Reinhard Brunmeir
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Yee Jie Yeap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Niamh L O'Brien
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
| | - Jürgen Groet
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
| | - Xiaowei Shao
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Steven Havlicek
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - N Ray Dunn
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Rosalyn Hithersay
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Carla Startin
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sarah Hamburg
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Margaret Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Konstantin Pervushin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Wallon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, F 76000, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Emanuela Volpi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Joanne E Martin
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - David L Becker
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Agueda Rostagno
- Department of Pathology & Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jorge Ghiso
- Department of Pathology & Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Željka Krsnik
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Šimić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Kostović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paul T Francis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Andre Strydom
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - John Hardy
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK
- Dementia Research Institute & Reta Lila Weston Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, S-405 30, Sweden
- Dementia Research Institute & Reta Lila Weston Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Dean Nižetić
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK.
- LonDownS Consortium, London, UK.
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49
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Hampel H, Hardy J, Blennow K, Chen C, Perry G, Kim SH, Villemagne VL, Aisen P, Vendruscolo M, Iwatsubo T, Masters CL, Cho M, Lannfelt L, Cummings JL, Vergallo A. The Amyloid-β Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5481-5503. [PMID: 34456336 PMCID: PMC8758495 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 184.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in molecular medicine have positioned the amyloid-β (Aβ) pathway at the center of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. While the detailed molecular mechanisms of the pathway and the spatial-temporal dynamics leading to synaptic failure, neurodegeneration, and clinical onset are still under intense investigation, the established biochemical alterations of the Aβ cycle remain the core biological hallmark of AD and are promising targets for the development of disease-modifying therapies. Here, we systematically review and update the vast state-of-the-art literature of Aβ science with evidence from basic research studies to human genetic and multi-modal biomarker investigations, which supports a crucial role of Aβ pathway dyshomeostasis in AD pathophysiological dynamics. We discuss the evidence highlighting a differentiated interaction of distinct Aβ species with other AD-related biological mechanisms, such as tau-mediated, neuroimmune and inflammatory changes, as well as a neurochemical imbalance. Through the lens of the latest development of multimodal in vivo biomarkers of AD, this cross-disciplinary review examines the compelling hypothesis- and data-driven rationale for Aβ-targeting therapeutic strategies in development for the early treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hampel
- Eisai Inc., Neurology Business Group, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.
| | - John Hardy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christopher Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Departments of Pharmacology and Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology and Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Aisen
- USC Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Colin L Masters
- Laureate Professor of Dementia Research, Florey Institute and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Min Cho
- Eisai Inc., Neurology Business Group, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Uppsala University, Department of of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioArctic AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Eisai Inc., Neurology Business Group, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, USA.
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50
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Mohamed Asik R, Suganthy N, Aarifa MA, Kumar A, Szigeti K, Mathe D, Gulyás B, Archunan G, Padmanabhan P. Alzheimer's Disease: A Molecular View of β-Amyloid Induced Morbific Events. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091126. [PMID: 34572312 PMCID: PMC8468668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a dynamic peptide of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which accelerates the disease progression. At the cell membrane and cell compartments, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes amyloidogenic cleavage by β- and γ-secretases and engenders the Aβ. In addition, externally produced Aβ gets inside the cells by receptors mediated internalization. An elevated amount of Aβ yields spontaneous aggregation which causes organelles impairment. Aβ stimulates the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein via acceleration by several kinases. Aβ travels to the mitochondria and interacts with its functional complexes, which impairs the mitochondrial function leading to the activation of apoptotic signaling cascade. Aβ disrupts the Ca2+ and protein homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi complex (GC) that promotes the organelle stress and inhibits its stress recovery machinery such as unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD). At lysosome, Aβ precedes autophagy dysfunction upon interacting with autophagy molecules. Interestingly, Aβ act as a transcription regulator as well as inhibits telomerase activity. Both Aβ and p-tau interaction with neuronal and glial receptors elevate the inflammatory molecules and persuade inflammation. Here, we have expounded the Aβ mediated events in the cells and its cosmopolitan role on neurodegeneration, and the current clinical status of anti-amyloid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajmohamed Mohamed Asik
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Natarajan Suganthy
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mohamed Asik Aarifa
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (K.S.); (D.M.)
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Mathe
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (K.S.); (D.M.)
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Center of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Govindaraju Archunan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Marudupandiyar College, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (P.P.)
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