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D’Antonio DL, Fantini F, Moscatello C, Ferrone A, Scaringi S, Valanzano R, Ficari F, Efthymakis K, Neri M, Aceto GM, Curia MC. The Interplay among Wnt/β-catenin Family Members in Colorectal Adenomas and Surrounding Tissues. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1730. [PMID: 39200196 PMCID: PMC11352173 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The colorectal adenoma undergoes neoplastic progression via the normal epithelium-adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence as reported in the Vogelgram. The hazard of developing a tumor is deeply associated with the number and size of adenomas and their subtype. Adenomatous polyps are histologically categorized as follows: approximately 80-90% are tubular, 5-15% are villous, and 5-10% are tubular/villous. Given the higher risk of a malignant transformation observed in tubular/villous adenomas, patients diagnosed with adenomatous polyposis are at an improved risk of developing CRC. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a key role in the onset of colorectal adenoma; in particular, intestinal cells first acquire loss-of-function mutations in the APC gene that induce the formation of adenomas. METHODS Wnt/β-catenin pathway APC, Wnt3a, Wnt5a, LEF1, and BCL9 genes and protein expression analyses were conducted by qRT-PCR and western blot in 68 colonic samples (polyps and adjacent mucosa) from 41 patients, of which 17 were affected by FAP. Ten normal colonic mucosal samples were collected from 10 healthy donors. RESULTS In this study, both the APC gene and protein were less expressed in the colon tumor compared to the adjacent colonic mucosa. Conversely, the activated β-catenin was more expressed in polyps than in the adjacent mucosa. All results confirmed the literature data on carcinomas. A statistically significant correlation between Wnt3a and BCL9 both in polyps and in the adjacent mucosa underlines that the canonical Wnt pathway is activated in early colon carcinogenesis and that the adjacent mucosa is already altered. CONCLUSION This is the first study analyzing the difference in expression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human colorectal adenomas. Understanding the progression from adenomas to colorectal carcinomas is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies and improving clinical outcomes with the use of APC and β-catenin as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Lucia D’Antonio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (F.F.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (G.M.A.)
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, Via Leonardo Petruzzi 42, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
| | - Fabiana Fantini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (F.F.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (G.M.A.)
| | - Carmelo Moscatello
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (F.F.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (G.M.A.)
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (F.F.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (G.M.A.)
| | - Stefano Scaringi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (S.S.); (R.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Rosa Valanzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (S.S.); (R.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Ferdinando Ficari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (S.S.); (R.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Konstantinos Efthymakis
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (K.E.); (M.N.)
| | - Matteo Neri
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (K.E.); (M.N.)
| | - Gitana Maria Aceto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (F.F.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (G.M.A.)
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (F.F.); (C.M.); (A.F.); (G.M.A.)
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2
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Campos RC, Matsunaga K, Reid MW, Fernandez GE, Stepanian K, Bharathan SP, Li M, Thornton ME, Grubbs BH, Nagiel A. Non-canonical Wnt pathway expression in the developing mouse and human retina. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109947. [PMID: 38815793 PMCID: PMC11179970 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The non-canonical Wnt pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway essential for tissue patterning and development across species and tissues. In mammals, this pathway plays a role in neuronal migration, dendritogenesis, axon growth, and synapse formation. However, its role in development and synaptogenesis of the human retina remains less established. In order to address this knowledge gap, we analyzed publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) datasets for mouse retina, human retina, and human retinal organoids over multiple developmental time points during outer retinal maturation. We identified ligands, receptors, and mediator genes with a putative role in retinal development, including those with novel or species-specific expression, and validated this expression using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). By quantifying outer nuclear layer (ONL) versus inner nuclear layer (INL) expression, we provide evidence for the differential expression of certain non-canonical Wnt signaling components in the developing mouse and human retina during outer plexiform layer (OPL) development. Importantly, we identified distinct expression patterns of mouse and human FZD3 and WNT10A, as well as previously undescribed expression, such as for mouse Wnt2b in Chat+ starburst amacrine cells. Human retinal organoids largely recapitulated the human non-canonical Wnt pathway expression. Together, this work provides the basis for further study of non-canonical Wnt signaling in mouse and human retinal development and synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna C Campos
- The Vision Center, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Development, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kate Matsunaga
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Mark W Reid
- The Vision Center, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G Esteban Fernandez
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kayla Stepanian
- The Vision Center, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sumitha P Bharathan
- The Vision Center, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meng Li
- USC Libraries Bioinformatics Services, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Nagiel
- The Vision Center, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Li Y, Jiang Z, Xu Y, Yan J, Wu Q, Huang S, Wang L, Xie Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Li Y, Fan X, Li F, Yuan W. Pygo-F773W Mutation Reveals Novel Functions beyond Wnt Signaling in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5998. [PMID: 38892188 PMCID: PMC11172468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pygopus (Pygo) has been identified as a specific nuclear co-activator of the canonical Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. Pygo proteins consist of two conserved domains: an N-terminal homologous domain (NHD) and a C-terminal plant homologous domain (PHD). The PHD's ability to bind to di- and trimethylated lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me2/3) appears to be independent of Wnt signaling. There is ongoing debate regarding the significance of Pygo's histone-binding capacity. Drosophila Pygo orthologs have a tryptophan (W) > phenylalanine (F) substitution in their histone pocket-divider compared to vertebrates, leading to reduced histone affinity. In this research, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce the Pygo-F773W point mutation in Drosophila, successfully establishing a viable homozygous Pygo mutant line for the first time. Adult mutant flies displayed noticeable abnormalities in reproduction, locomotion, heart function, and lifespan. RNA-seq and cluster analysis indicated that the mutation primarily affected pathways related to immunity, metabolism, and posttranslational modification in adult flies rather than the Wnt signaling pathway. Additionally, a reduction in H3K9 acetylation levels during the embryonic stage was observed in the mutant strains. These findings support the notion that Pygo plays a wider role in chromatin remodeling, with its involvement in Wnt signaling representing only a specific aspect of its chromatin-related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Li
- The Laboratory of Heart Development Research, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (Y.L.); (Z.J.); (X.F.)
| | - Wuzhou Yuan
- The Laboratory of Heart Development Research, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (Y.L.); (Z.J.); (X.F.)
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Wu M, Dong H, Xu C, Sun M, Gao H, Bu F, Chen J. The Wnt-dependent and Wnt-independent functions of BCL9 in development, tumorigenesis, and immunity: Implications in therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dis 2024; 11:701-710. [PMID: 37692512 PMCID: PMC10491870 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) is considered a key developmental regulator and a well-established oncogenic driver in multiple cancer types, mainly through potentiating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, increasing evidences indicate that BCL9 also plays multiple Wnt-independent roles. Herein, we summarized the updates of the canonical and non-canonical functions of BCL9 in cellular, physiological, or pathological processes. Moreover, we also concluded that the targeted inhibitors disrupt the interaction of β-catenin with BCL9 reported recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Heng Dong
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Mengqing Sun
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Haojin Gao
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Fangtian Bu
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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5
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Murthy MHS, Jasbi P, Lowe W, Kumar L, Olaosebikan M, Roger L, Yang J, Lewinski N, Daniels N, Cowen L, Klein-Seetharaman J. Insulin signaling and pharmacology in humans and in corals. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16804. [PMID: 38313028 PMCID: PMC10838073 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Once thought to be a unique capability of the Langerhans islets in the pancreas of mammals, insulin (INS) signaling is now recognized as an evolutionarily ancient function going back to prokaryotes. INS is ubiquitously present not only in humans but also in unicellular eukaryotes, fungi, worms, and Drosophila. Remote homologue identification also supports the presence of INS and INS receptor in corals where the availability of glucose is largely dependent on the photosynthetic activity of the symbiotic algae. The cnidarian animal host of corals operates together with a 20,000-sized microbiome, in direct analogy to the human gut microbiome. In humans, aberrant INS signaling is the hallmark of metabolic disease, and is thought to play a major role in aging, and age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. We here would like to argue that a broader view of INS beyond its human homeostasis function may help us understand other organisms, and in turn, studying those non-model organisms may enable a novel view of the human INS signaling system. To this end, we here review INS signaling from a new angle, by drawing analogies between humans and corals at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Whitney Lowe
- Departments of Chemistry & Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Lokender Kumar
- Departments of Chemistry & Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | | | - Liza Roger
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Ocean Futures, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jinkyu Yang
- Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nastassja Lewinski
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Noah Daniels
- Department of Computer Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Lenore Cowen
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Chemistry & Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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6
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Kwantwi LB. Genetic alterations shape innate immune cells to foster immunosuppression and cancer immunotherapy resistance. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4289-4296. [PMID: 37910258 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, has opened a new avenue for cancer treatment following the durable clinical benefits. Despite the clinical successes across several cancer types, primary or acquired resistance might eventually lead to cancer progression in patients with clinical responses. Hence, to broaden the clinical applicability of these treatments, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms limiting the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is needed. Evidence provided thus far has implicated immunosuppressive innate immune cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment as key players in immunotherapy resistance. According to the available data, genetic alterations can shape the innate immune response to promote immunotherapy resistance and tumor progression. Herein, this review has discussed the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms where genetic alterations modulate the innate immune milieu to drive immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Boafo Kwantwi
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.
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7
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Wang H, Bienz M, Yan XX, Xu W. Structural basis of the interaction between BCL9-Pygo and LDB-SSBP complexes in assembling the Wnt enhanceosome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3702. [PMID: 37349336 PMCID: PMC10287724 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt enhanceosome is responsible for transactivation of Wnt-responsive genes and a promising therapeutic target for treatment of numerous cancers with Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) or β-catenin mutations. How the Wnt enhanceosome is assembled remains poorly understood. Here we show that B-cell lymphoma 9 protein (BCL9), Pygopus (Pygo), LIM domain-binding protein 1 (LDB1) and single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSBP) form a stable core complex within the Wnt enhanceosome. Their mutual interactions rely on a highly conserved N-terminal asparagine proline phenylalanine (NPF) motif of Pygo, through which the BCL9-Pygo complex binds to the LDB-SSBP core complex. Our crystal structure of a ternary complex comprising the N-terminus of human Pygo2, LDB1 and SSBP2 reveals a single LDB1-SSBP2 complex binding simultaneously to two Pygo2 molecules via their NPF motifs. These interactions critically depend on the NPF motifs which bind to a deep groove formed between LDB1 and SSBP2, potentially constituting a binding site for drugs blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Analysis of human cell lines lacking LDB or Pygo supports the functional relevance of the Pygo-LDB1-SSBP2 interaction for Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mariann Bienz
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Xue Yan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenqing Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Wen Y, Li Y, Yang B, Guo X, Lin L, Liang J, Zhang K, Li X, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Li Y, Wu X, Fan X, Li F, Yuan W. Pygo1 Regulates the Behavior of Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer via the Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6993994. [PMID: 36398031 PMCID: PMC9666017 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6993994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal activation of the classical Wnt pathway has been reported in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously. Pygo family genes, the core regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, were also reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, the role of the homolog Pygo1 in human lung cancer remains unclear. In the current study, we demonstrated an association of increased Pygo1 expression with consistent high nuclear β-catenin signals across pathological tissue samples of early-stage human NSCLC. Overexpression of Pygo1 in lung cancer cells resulted in enhanced G1/S cell phase transformation, reduced apoptosis, and increased cell proliferation. These changes were accompanied by the downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins, such as RB, p16, p53, and p27Kip1, and increased expression of CyclinE1. Migration, wound healing, and colony formation assays revealed that Pygo1 overexpression enhanced the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells, increased the formation of clones, and suppressed E-cadherin expression. In addition, overexpression of Pygo1 in lung cancer cells led to an increase of β-catenin/TCF4 complex, as well as upregulated expression of target genes of β-catenin. In vivo experiments also revealed that Pygo1 overexpression promoted the tumorigenicity of a xenograft tumor model, while Wnt inhibition partially blocked the effect of Pygo1 overexpression. In conclusion, Pygo1 affects human NSCLC via the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which provides new clues for lung cancer pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Boyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xiangrong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jifeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xu Li
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yuequn Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xiushan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xiongwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Wuzhou Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
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Li J, Zuo L, Geng Z, Li Q, Cheng Y, Yang Z, Shi R, Zhou Y, Nie W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Ge S, Song X, Hu J. Pygopus2 ameliorates mesenteric adipocyte poor differentiation to alleviate Crohn's disease -like colitis via the Axin2/GSK3β pathway. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13292. [PMID: 35707871 PMCID: PMC9528773 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Crohn's disease (CD) mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) inflammation affects enteritis through the interaction between the mesentery and intestine, and we previously found that poorly differentiated mesenteric adipocytes were related to its inflammatory features. Pygopus2 (Pygo2) is a key negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation. We aimed to determine whether Pygo2 participates in CD mesenteric lesions and whether Pygo2 knockdown would be beneficial in a CD model (Il‐10−/− mice). Methods Pygo2 expression in MAT from control and CD patients and Il‐10−/− mice was measured by immunohistochemistry. Lentiviral transfection was used to regulate Pygo2 expression in Il‐10−/− mice, and the effects on mesenteric adipocyte differentiation, inflammation, and dysfunction during spontaneous colitis, as well as the possible mechanism, were investigated. Results Pygo2 expression was increased in MAT from CD patients and Il‐10−/− mice, and its expression correlated with poor adipocyte differentiation and inflammation. Pygo2 knockdown significantly ameliorated colitis in Il‐10−/− mice. Moreover, the downregulation of Pygo2 gene expression could promote adipocyte differentiation and inhibit adipocyte inflammation in vivo and in vitro, and the effects were at least partly mediated by the Axis inhibition protein 2 (Axin2)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) pathway. Conclusions The increase in Pygo2 may be related to mesenteric adipocyte poor differentiation and inflammatory features of CD, and Pygo2 inhibition could alleviate CD‐like colitis by improving mesenteric lesions by regulating the Axin2/GSK3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ruohan Shi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueqing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wenhu Nie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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10
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Deactivation of AKT/GSK-3β-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway by silencing of KIF26B weakens the malignant behaviors of non-small cell lung cancer. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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11
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Abstract
The Wnt pathway is central to a host of developmental and disease-related processes. The remarkable conservation of this intercellular signaling cascade throughout metazoan lineages indicates that it coevolved with multicellularity to regulate the generation and spatial arrangement of distinct cell types. By regulating cell fate specification, mitotic activity, and cell polarity, Wnt signaling orchestrates development and tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation is implicated in developmental defects, cancer, and degenerative disorders. We review advances in our understanding of this key pathway, from Wnt protein production and secretion to relay of the signal in the cytoplasm of the receiving cell. We discuss the evolutionary history of this pathway as well as endogenous and synthetic modulators of its activity. Finally, we highlight remaining gaps in our knowledge of Wnt signal transduction and avenues for future research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 91 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Youngsoo Rim
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute and Oncode Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Nusse
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
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12
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Vuong LT, Mlodzik M. Different strategies by distinct Wnt-signaling pathways in activating a nuclear transcriptional response. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 149:59-89. [PMID: 35606062 PMCID: PMC9870056 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt family of secreted glycolipo-proteins signals through multiple signal transduction pathways and is essential for embryonic development and organ development and homeostasis. The Wnt-pathways are conserved and critical in all metazoans. Wnt signaling pathways comprise the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and several non-canonical signaling branches, of which Wnt-Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signaling and the Wnt/Calcium pathway have received the most attention and are best understood. nterestingly, all Wnt-pathways have a nuclear signaling branch and also can affect many cellular processes independent of its nuclear transcriptional regulation. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is the most critical for a nuclear transcriptional response, in both development and disease, yet the mechanism(s) on how the "business end" of the pathway, β-catenin, translocates to the nucleus to act as co-activator to the TCF/Lef transcription factor family still remains obscure. Here we discuss and compare the very different strategies on how the respective Wnt signaling pathways activate a nuclear transcriptional response. We also highlight some recent new insights into how β-catenin is translocated to the nucleus via an IFT-A, Kinesin-2, and microtubule dependent mechanism and how this aspect of canonical Wnt-signaling uses ciliary proteins in a cilium independent manner, conserved between Drosophila and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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13
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Liu XY, Guo CH, Xi ZY, Xu XQ, Zhao QY, Li LS, Wang Y. Histone methylation in pancreatic cancer and its clinical implications. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6004-6024. [PMID: 34629816 PMCID: PMC8476335 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i36.6004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive human cancer. Appropriate methods for the diagnosis and treatment of PC have not been found at the genetic level, thus making epigenetics a promising research path in studies of PC. Histone methylation is one of the most complicated types of epigenetic modifications and has proved crucial in the development of PC. Histone methylation is a reversible process regulated by readers, writers, and erasers. Some writers and erasers can be recognized as potential biomarkers and candidate therapeutic targets in PC because of their unusual expression in PC cells compared with normal pancreatic cells. Based on the impact that writers have on the development of PC, some inhibitors of writers have been developed. However, few inhibitors of erasers have been developed and put to clinical use. Meanwhile, there is not enough research on the reader domains. Therefore, the study of erasers and readers is still a promising area. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanism of histone methylation, and the diagnosis and chemotherapy of PC based on it. The future of epigenetic modification in PC research is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chuan-Hao Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin-Qi Xu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing-Yang Zhao
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Sha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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14
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Vafaizadeh V, Buechel D, Rubinstein N, Kalathur RKR, Bazzani L, Saxena M, Valenta T, Hausmann G, Cantù C, Basler K, Christofori G. The interactions of Bcl9/Bcl9L with β-catenin and Pygopus promote breast cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Oncogene 2021; 40:6195-6209. [PMID: 34545187 PMCID: PMC8553620 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an established regulator of cellular state and its critical contributions to tumor initiation, malignant tumor progression and metastasis formation have been demonstrated in various cancer types. Here, we investigated how the binding of β-catenin to the transcriptional coactivators B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (Bcl9) and Bcl9-Like (Bcl9L) affected mammary gland carcinogenesis in the MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Conditional knockout of both Bcl9 and Bcl9L resulted into tumor cell death. In contrast, disrupting the interaction of Bcl9/Bcl9L with β-catenin, either by deletion of their HD2 domains or by a point mutation in the N-terminal domain of β-catenin (D164A), diminished primary tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation and reduced tumor cell invasion and lung metastasis. In comparison, the disruption of HD1 domain-mediated binding of Bcl9/Bcl9L to Pygopus had only moderate effects. Interestingly, interfering with the β-catenin-Bcl9/Bcl9L-Pygo chain of adapters only partially impaired the transcriptional response of mammary tumor cells to Wnt3a and TGFβ treatments. Together, the results indicate that Bcl9/Bcl9L modulate but are not critically required for canonical Wnt signaling in its contribution to breast cancer growth and malignant progression, a notion consistent with the “just-right” hypothesis of Wnt-driven tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Vafaizadeh
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - David Buechel
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Rubinstein
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ravi K R Kalathur
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Bazzani
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Meera Saxena
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - George Hausmann
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Park IG, Jeon M, Kim H, Lee JM. Coordinated methyl readers: Functional communications in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:88-99. [PMID: 33753223 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Methylation is a major post-translational modification (PTM) generated by methyltransferase on target proteins; it is recognized by the epigenetic reader to expand the functional diversity of proteins. Methylation can occur on specific lysine or arginine residues localized within regulatory domains in both histone and nonhistone proteins, thereby allowing distinguished properties of the targeted protein. Methylated residues are recognized by chromodomain, malignant brain tumor (MBT), Tudor, plant homeodomain (PHD), PWWP, WD-40, ADD, and ankyrin repeats by an induced-fit mechanism. Methylation-dependent activities regulate distinct aspects of target protein function and are largely reliant on methyl readers of histone and nonhistone proteins in various diseases. Methylation of nonhistone proteins that are recognized by methyl readers facilitates the degradation of unwanted proteins, as well as the stabilization of necessary proteins. Unlike nonhistone substrates, which are mainly monomethylated by methyltransferase, histones are di- or trimethylated by the same methyltransferases and then connected to other critical regulators by methyl readers. These fine-tuned controls by methyl readers are significant for the progression or inhibition of diseases, including cancers. Here, current knowledge and our perspectives about regulating protein function by methyl readers are summarized. We also propose that expanded research on the strong crosstalk mechanisms between methylation and other PTMs via methyl readers would augment therapeutic research in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Geun Park
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsol Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Zhang D, Liu Y, Wu Q, Zheng Y, Kaweme NM, Zhang Z, Cai M, Dong Y. Pygo2 as a novel biomarker in gastric cancer for monitoring drug resistance by upregulating MDR1. J Cancer 2021; 12:2952-2959. [PMID: 33854595 PMCID: PMC8040896 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the main therapy for gastric cancer (GC) both before and after surgery, but the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) often leads to disease progression and recurrence. P-glycoprotein, encoded by MDR1, is a well-known multidrug efflux transporter involved in drug resistance development. Pygo2 overexpression has been identified in several cancers. Previous studies have shown that abnormal expression of Pygo2 is related to tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and tumor progression. In this study, to evaluate the underlying relationship between Pygo2 and MDR1 in GC, we constructed GC drug-resistant cell lines, SGC7901/cis-platinum (DDP), and collected tissue from GC patients' pre-and post-chemotherapy. We found that Pygo2 was overexpressed in GC, especially in GC drug-resistant cell lines and GC patients who underwent neoadjuvant DDP-based chemotherapy. Pygo2 overexpression may precede MDR1 and correlates with MDR1 in GC patients. Furthermore, knock-down of Pygo2 induced downregulation of MDR1 and restored SGC7901/DDP's sensitivity to DDP. Further mechanistic analysis demonstrated that Pygo2 could modulate MDR1 transcription by binding to the MDR1 promoter region and promoting MDR1 activation. The overall findings reveal that Pygo2 may be a promising biomarker for monitoring drug resistance in GC by regulating MDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiuwan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Yahong Zheng
- Xiamen Huli District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 361005 Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | | | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingquan Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Youhong Dong
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
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17
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van der Wal T, van Amerongen R. Walking the tight wire between cell adhesion and WNT signalling: a balancing act for β-catenin. Open Biol 2020; 10:200267. [PMID: 33292105 PMCID: PMC7776579 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CTNNB1 (catenin β-1, also known as β-catenin) plays a dual role in the cell. It is the key effector of WNT/CTNNB1 signalling, acting as a transcriptional co-activator of TCF/LEF target genes. It is also crucial for cell adhesion and a critical component of cadherin-based adherens junctions. Two functional pools of CTNNB1, a transcriptionally active and an adhesive pool, can therefore be distinguished. Whether cells merely balance the distribution of available CTNNB1 between these functional pools or whether interplay occurs between them has long been studied and debated. While interplay has been indicated upon artificial modulation of cadherin expression levels and during epithelial-mesenchymal transition, it is unclear to what extent CTNNB1 exchange occurs under physiological conditions and in response to WNT stimulation. Here, we review the available evidence for both of these models, discuss how CTNNB1 binding to its many interaction partners is controlled and propose avenues for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renée van Amerongen
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Söderholm S, Cantù C. The WNT/β‐catenin dependent transcription: A tissue‐specific business. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1511. [PMID: 33085215 PMCID: PMC9285942 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β‐catenin‐mediated Wnt signaling is an ancient cell‐communication pathway in which β‐catenin drives the expression of certain genes as a consequence of the trigger given by extracellular WNT molecules. The events occurring from signal to transcription are evolutionarily conserved, and their final output orchestrates countless processes during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Importantly, a dysfunctional Wnt/β‐catenin pathway causes developmental malformations, and its aberrant activation is the root of several types of cancer. A rich literature describes the multitude of nuclear players that cooperate with β‐catenin to generate a transcriptional program. However, a unified theory of how β‐catenin drives target gene expression is still missing. We will discuss two types of β‐catenin interactors: transcription factors that allow β‐catenin to localize at target regions on the DNA, and transcriptional co‐factors that ultimately activate gene expression. In contrast to the presumed universality of β‐catenin's action, the ensemble of available evidence suggests a view in which β‐catenin drives a complex system of responses in different cells and tissues. A malleable armamentarium of players might interact with β‐catenin in order to activate the right “canonical” targets in each tissue, developmental stage, or disease context. Discovering the mechanism by which each tissue‐specific β‐catenin response is executed will be crucial to comprehend how a seemingly universal pathway fosters a wide spectrum of processes during development and homeostasis. Perhaps more importantly, this could ultimately inform us about which are the tumor‐specific components that need to be targeted to dampen the activity of oncogenic β‐catenin. This article is categorized under:Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Cancer > Stem Cells and Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Söderholm
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Health Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Health Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden
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19
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Bian J, Dannappel M, Wan C, Firestein R. Transcriptional Regulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092125. [PMID: 32961708 PMCID: PMC7564852 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway exerts integral roles in embryogenesis and adult homeostasis. Aberrant activation of the pathway is implicated in growth-associated diseases and cancers, especially as a key driver in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Loss or inactivation of Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) results in constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is considered as an initiating event in the development of CRC. Increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling is observed in virtually all CRC patients, underscoring the importance of this pathway for therapeutic intervention. Prior studies have deciphered the regulatory networks required for the cytoplasmic stabilisation or degradation of the Wnt pathway effector, β-catenin. However, the mechanism whereby nuclear β-catenin drives or inhibits expression of Wnt target genes is more diverse and less well characterised. Here, we describe a brief synopsis of the core canonical Wnt pathway components, set the spotlight on nuclear mediators and highlight the emerging role of chromatin regulators as modulators of β-catenin-dependent transcription activity and oncogenic output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Bian
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (J.B.); (M.D.); (C.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Marius Dannappel
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (J.B.); (M.D.); (C.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Chunhua Wan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (J.B.); (M.D.); (C.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ron Firestein
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (J.B.); (M.D.); (C.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence:
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20
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Genome-wide association study of non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis in a histologically characterised cohort ☆. J Hepatol 2020; 73:505-515. [PMID: 32298765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Genetic factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain incompletely understood. To date, most genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have adopted radiologically assessed hepatic triglyceride content as the reference phenotype and so cannot address steatohepatitis or fibrosis. We describe a GWAS encompassing the full spectrum of histologically characterised NAFLD. METHODS The GWAS involved 1,483 European NAFLD cases and 17,781 genetically matched controls. A replication cohort of 559 NAFLD cases and 945 controls was genotyped to confirm signals showing genome-wide or close to genome-wide significance. RESULTS Case-control analysis identified signals showing p values ≤5 × 10-8 at 4 locations (chromosome [chr] 2 GCKR/C2ORF16; chr4 HSD17B13; chr19 TM6SF2; chr22 PNPLA3) together with 2 other signals with p <1 × 10-7 (chr1 near LEPR and chr8 near IDO2/TC1). Case-only analysis of quantitative traits showed that the PNPLA3 signal (rs738409) had genome-wide significance for steatosis, fibrosis and NAFLD activity score and a new signal (PYGO1 rs62021874) had close to genome-wide significance for steatosis (p = 8.2 × 10-8). Subgroup case-control analysis for NASH confirmed the PNPLA3 signal. The chr1 LEPR single nucleotide polymorphism also showed genome-wide significance for this phenotype. Considering the subgroup with advanced fibrosis (≥F3), the signals on chr2, chr19 and chr22 maintained their genome-wide significance. Except for GCKR/C2ORF16, the genome-wide significance signals were replicated. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms PNPLA3 as a risk factor for the full histological spectrum of NAFLD at genome-wide significance levels, with important contributions from TM6SF2 and HSD17B13. PYGO1 is a novel steatosis modifier, suggesting that Wnt signalling pathways may be relevant in NAFLD pathogenesis. LAY SUMMARY Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a common disease where excessive fat accumulates in the liver and may result in cirrhosis. To understand who is at risk of developing this disease and suffering liver damage, we undertook a genetic study to compare the genetic profiles of people suffering from fatty liver disease with genetic profiles seen in the general population. We found that particular sequences in 4 different areas of the human genome were seen at different frequencies in the fatty liver disease cases. These sequences may help predict an individual's risk of developing advanced disease. Some genes where these sequences are located may also be good targets for future drug treatments.
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21
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Schupbach D, Comeau-Gauthier M, Harvey E, Merle G. Wnt modulation in bone healing. Bone 2020; 138:115491. [PMID: 32569871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have been instrumental in the field of orthopaedics for finding tools to improve the standard management of fractures and delayed unions. The Wnt signaling pathway that is crucial for development and maintenance of many organs also has a very promising pathway for enhancement of bone regeneration. The Wnt pathway has been shown to have a direct effect on stem cells during bone regeneration, making Wnt a potential target to stimulate bone repair after trauma. A more complete view of how Wnt influences animal bone regeneration has slowly come to light. This review article provides an overview of studies done investigating the modulation of the canonical Wnt pathway in animal bone regeneration models. This not only includes a summary of the recent work done elucidating the roles of Wnt and β-catenin in fracture healing, but also the results of thirty transgenic studies, and thirty-eight pharmacological studies. Finally, we discuss the discontinuation of sclerostin clinical trials, ongoing clinical trials with lithium, the results of Dkk antibody clinical trials, the shift into combination therapies and the future opportunities to enhance bone repair and regeneration through the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Schupbach
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada; Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A7-117, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Marianne Comeau-Gauthier
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada; Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A7-117, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Edward Harvey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Geraldine Merle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.
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22
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Structure and function of Pygo in organ development dependent and independent Wnt signalling. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1781-1794. [PMID: 32677664 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pygo is a nuclear protein containing two conserved domains, NHD and PHD, which play important roles in embryonic development and carcinogenesis. Pygo was first identified as a core component of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. However, it has also been reported that the function of Pygo is not always Wnt/β-catenin signalling dependent. In this review, we summarise the functions of both domains of Pygo and show that their functions are synergetic. The PHD domain mainly combines with transcription co-factors, including histone 3 and Bcl9/9l. The NHD domain mainly recruits histone methyltransferase/acetyltransferase (HMT/HAT) to modify lysine 4 of the histone 3 tail (H3K4) and interacts with Chip/LIM-domain DNA-binding proteins (ChiLS) to form enhanceosomes to regulate transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we summarised chromatin modification differences of Pygo in Drosophila (dPygo) and vertebrates, and found that Pygo displayes a chromatin silencing function in Drosophila, while in vertebates, Pygo has a chromatin-activating function due to the two substitution of two amino acid residues. Next, we confirmed the relationship between Pygo and Bcl9/9l and found that Pygo-Bcl/9l are specifically partnered both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Finally, we discuss whether transcriptional activity of Pygo is Wnt/β-catenin dependent during embryonic development. Available information indications that the transcriptional activity of Pygo in embryonic development is either Wnt/β-catenin dependent or independent in both tissue-specific and cell-specific-modes.
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23
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Anthony CC, Robbins DJ, Ahmed Y, Lee E. Nuclear Regulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: It's a Complex Situation. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080886. [PMID: 32759724 PMCID: PMC7465203 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is an evolutionarily conserved metazoan cell communication pathway required for proper animal development. Of the myriad of signaling events that have been ascribed to cellular activation by Wnt ligands, the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been the most studied and best understood. Misregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been implicated in developmental defects in the embryo and major diseases in the adult. Despite the latter, no drugs that inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been approved by the FDA. In this review, we explore the least understood step in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-nuclear regulation of Wnt target gene transcription. We initially describe our current understanding of the importation of β-catenin into the nucleus. We then focus on the mechanism of action of the major nuclear proteins implicated in driving gene transcription. Finally, we explore the concept of a nuclear Wnt enhanceosome and propose a modified model that describes the necessary components for the transcription of Wnt target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin C. Anthony
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - David J. Robbins
- Molecular Oncology Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Yashi Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Complement component C5a induces aberrant epigenetic modifications in renal tubular epithelial cells accelerating senescence by Wnt4/βcatenin signaling after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4382-4406. [PMID: 31284268 PMCID: PMC6660044 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, affect tubular maladaptive response after Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and accelerate renal aging. Upon ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, Complement activation leads to C5a release that mediates damage; however, little is known about the effect of C5a-C5a Receptor (C5aR) interaction in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells (RTEC). Through a whole-genome DNA methylation analysis in cultured RTEC, we found that C5a induced aberrant methylation, particularly in regions involved in cell cycle control, DNA damage and Wnt signaling. The most represented genes were BCL9, CYP1B1 and CDK6. C5a stimulation of RTEC led to up-regulation of SA-β Gal and cell cycle arrest markers such as p53 and p21. C5a increased also IL-6, MCP-1 and CTGF gene expression, consistent with SASP development. In accordance, in a swine model of renal I/R injury, we found the increased expression of Wnt4 and βcatenin correlating with SA-β Gal, p21, p16 and IL-6 positivity. Administration of Complement Inhibitor (C1-Inh), antagonized SASP by reducing SA-β Gal, p21, p16, IL-6 and abrogating Wnt4/βcatenin activation. Thus, C5a affects the DNA methylation of genes involved in tubular senescence. Targeting epigenetic programs and Complement may offer novels strategies to protect tubular cells from accelerated aging and to counteract progression to Chronic Kidney Disease
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25
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Linhares BM, Grembecka J, Cierpicki T. Targeting epigenetic protein-protein interactions with small-molecule inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1305-1326. [PMID: 32551894 PMCID: PMC7421387 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play essential roles in regulating gene expression, and their dysregulations have been implicated in many diseases. These PPIs are comprised of reader domains recognizing post-translational modifications on histone proteins, and of scaffolding proteins that maintain integrities of epigenetic complexes. Targeting PPIs have become focuses for development of small-molecule inhibitors and anticancer therapeutics. Here we summarize efforts to develop small-molecule inhibitors targeting common epigenetic PPI domains. Potent small molecules have been reported for many domains, yet small domains that recognize methylated lysine side chains on histones are challenging in inhibitor development. We posit that the development of potent inhibitors for difficult-to-prosecute epigenetic PPIs may be achieved by interdisciplinary approaches and extensive explorations of chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Linhares
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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26
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Saxena M, Kalathur RKR, Rubinstein N, Vettiger A, Sugiyama N, Neutzner M, Coto-Llerena M, Kancherla V, Ercan C, Piscuoglio S, Fischer J, Fagiani E, Cantù C, Basler K, Christofori G. A Pygopus 2-Histone Interaction Is Critical for Cancer Cell Dedifferentiation and Progression in Malignant Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3631-3648. [PMID: 32586983 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pygopus 2 (Pygo2) is a coactivator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that can bind bi- or trimethylated lysine 4 of histone-3 (H3K4me2/3) and participate in chromatin reading and writing. It remains unknown whether the Pygo2-H3K4me2/3 association has a functional relevance in breast cancer progression in vivo. To investigate the functional relevance of histone-binding activity of Pygo2 in malignant progression of breast cancer, we generated a knock-in mouse model where binding of Pygo2 to H3K4me2/3 was rendered ineffective. Loss of Pygo2-histone interaction resulted in smaller, differentiated, and less metastatic tumors, due, in part, to decreased canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. RNA- and ATAC-sequencing analyses of tumor-derived cell lines revealed downregulation of TGFβ signaling and upregulation of differentiation pathways such as PDGFR signaling. Increased differentiation correlated with a luminal cell fate that could be reversed by inhibition of PDGFR activity. Mechanistically, the Pygo2-histone interaction potentiated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, in part, by repressing the expression of Wnt signaling antagonists. Furthermore, Pygo2 and β-catenin regulated the expression of miR-29 family members, which, in turn, repressed PDGFR expression to promote dedifferentiation of wild-type Pygo2 mammary epithelial tumor cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the histone binding function of Pygo2 is important for driving dedifferentiation and malignancy of breast tumors, and loss of this binding activates various differentiation pathways that attenuate primary tumor growth and metastasis formation. Interfering with the Pygo2-H3K4me2/3 interaction may therefore serve as an attractive therapeutic target for metastatic breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Pygo2 represents a potential therapeutic target in metastatic breast cancer, as its histone-binding capability promotes β-catenin-mediated Wnt signaling and transcriptional control in breast cancer cell dedifferentiation, EMT, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Saxena
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Andrea Vettiger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nami Sugiyama
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Neutzner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Caner Ercan
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jonas Fischer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernesta Fagiani
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Shen C, Li B, Astudillo L, Deutscher MP, Cobb MH, Capobianco AJ, Lee E, Robbins DJ. The CK1α Activator Pyrvinium Enhances the Catalytic Efficiency ( kcat/ Km) of CK1α. Biochemistry 2019; 58:5102-5106. [PMID: 31820934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase casein kinase 1α (CK1α) functions as a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, phosphorylating β-catenin at serine 45 (P-S45) to initiate its eventual ubiquitin-mediated degradation. We previously showed that the repurposed, FDA-approved anthelminthic drug pyrvinium potently inhibits Wnt signaling in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we proposed that pyrvinium's Wnt inhibitory activity was the result of its function as an activator of CK1α. An understanding of the mechanism by which pyrvinium activates CK1α is important because pyrvinium was given an orphan drug designation by the FDA to treat familial adenomatous polyposis, a precancerous condition driven by constitutive Wnt signaling. In the current study, we show that pyrvinium stimulates the phosphorylation of S45 β-catenin, a known CK1α substrate, in a cell-based assay, and does so in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Alternative splicing of CK1α results in four forms of the protein with distinct biological properties. We evaluated these splice products and identified the CK1α splice variant, CK1αS, as the form that exhibits the most robust response to pyrvinium in cells. Kinetic studies indicate that pyrvinium also stimulates the kinase activity of purified, recombinant CK1αS in vitro, increasing its catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) toward substrates. These studies provide strong and clear mechanistic evidence that pyrvinium enhances CK1α kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States.,The Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
| | - Bin Li
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
| | - Luisana Astudillo
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
| | - Murray P Deutscher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | - Anthony J Capobianco
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States.,Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States
| | - David J Robbins
- Molecular Oncology Program, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States.,Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , Florida 33136 , United States
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28
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Andrews PGP, Popadiuk C, Belbin TJ, Kao KR. Augmentation of Myc-Dependent Mitotic Gene Expression by the Pygopus2 Chromatin Effector. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1516-1529. [PMID: 29719262 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic segregation of chromosomes requires precise coordination of many factors, yet evidence is lacking as to how genes encoding these elements are transcriptionally controlled. Here, we found that the Pygopus (Pygo)2 chromatin effector is indispensable for expression of the MYC-dependent genes that regulate cancer cell division. Depletion of Pygo2 arrested SKOV-3 cells at metaphase, which resulted from the failure of chromosomes to capture spindle microtubules, a critical step for chromosomal biorientation and segregation. This observation was consistent with global chromatin association findings in HeLa S3 cells, revealing the enrichment of Pygo2 and MYC at promoters of biorientation and segmentation genes, at which Pygo2 maintained histone H3K27 acetylation. Immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays demonstrated MYC and Pygo2 interacting in nuclei, corroborated in a heterologous MYC-driven prostate cancer model that was distinct from Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our evidence supports a role for Pygo2 as an essential component of MYC oncogenic activity required for mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip G P Andrews
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Labs, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's Campus, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Catherine Popadiuk
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's Campus, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Thomas J Belbin
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's Campus, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Kenneth R Kao
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Labs, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's Campus, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's Campus, NL A1B 3V6, Canada.
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29
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Chi Y, Wang F, Zhang T, Xu H, Zhang Y, Shan Z, Wu S, Fan Q, Sun Y. miR-516a-3p inhibits breast cancer cell growth and EMT by blocking the Pygo2/Wnt signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6295-6307. [PMID: 31273950 PMCID: PMC6714144 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miR‐516a‐3p has been reported to play a suppressive role in several types of human tumours. However, the expression level, biological function and fundamental mechanisms of miR‐516a‐3p in breast cancer remain unclear. In the present study, we found that miR‐516a‐3p expression was down‐regulated and Pygopus2 (Pygo2) expression was up‐regulated in human breast cancer tissues and cells. Through analysing the clinicopathological characteristics, we demonstrated that low miR‐516a‐3p expression or positive Pygo2 expression was a predictor of poor prognosis for patients with breast cancer. The results of a dual luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis indicated that Pygo2 was a target gene of miR‐516a‐3p. Moreover, overexpression of miR‐516a‐3p inhibited cell growth, migration and invasion as well as epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells, whereas reduced miR‐516a‐3p expression promoted breast cancer cell growth, migration, invasion and EMT. Furthermore, we showed that miR‐516a‐3p suppressed cell proliferation, metastasis and EMT of breast cancer cells by inhibiting Pygo2 expression. We confirmed that miR‐516a‐3p exerted an anti‐tumour effect by inhibiting the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Finally, xenograft tumour models were used to show that miR‐516a‐3p inhibited breast cancer cell growth and EMT via suppressing the Pygo2/Wnt signalling pathway. Taken together, these results show that miR‐516a‐3p inhibits breast cancer cell growth, metastasis and EMT by blocking the Pygo2/ Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Breast Disease Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yana Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengzheng Shan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoxuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingxia Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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30
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Li Y, Li Z, Zhu WG. Molecular Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulators as Activatable Targets in Cancer Theranostics. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1328-1350. [PMID: 28933282 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170921101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is defined as somatically inheritable changes that are not accompanied by alterations in DNA sequence. Epigenetics encompasses DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, non-coding RNA as well as nucleosome remodeling. Notably, abnormal epigenetic changes play a critical role in cancer development including malignant transformation, metastasis, prognosis, drug resistance and tumor recurrence, which can provide effective targets for cancer prognosis, diagnosis and therapy. Understanding these changes provide effective means for cancer diagnosis and druggable targets for better clinical applications. Histone modifications and related enzymes have been found to correlate well with cancer incidence and prognosis in recent years. Dysregulated expression or mutation of histone modification enzymes and histone modification status abnormalities have been considered to play essential roles in tumorigenesis and clinical outcomes of cancer treatment. Some of the histone modification inhibitors have been extensively employed in clinical practice and many others are still under laboratory research or pre-clinical assessment. Here we summarize the important roles of epigenetics, especially histone modifications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, and also discuss the developmental implications of activatable epigenetic targets in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Li
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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31
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Tian A, Duwadi D, Benchabane H, Ahmed Y. Essential long-range action of Wingless/Wnt in adult intestinal compartmentalization. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008111. [PMID: 31194729 PMCID: PMC6563961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction activated by Wingless/Wnt ligands directs cell proliferation and fate specification in metazoans, and its overactivation underlies the development of the vast majority of colorectal cancers. In the conventional model, the secretion and movement of Wingless to cells distant from its source of synthesis are essential for long-range signaling in tissue patterning. However, this model was upended recently by an unanticipated finding: replacement of wild-type Drosophila Wingless with a membrane-tethered form produced viable adults with largely normal external morphology, which suggested that Wingless secretion and movement are dispensable for tissue patterning. Herein, we tested this foundational principle in the adult intestine, where Wingless signaling gradients coincide with all major boundaries between compartments. We find that the critical roles of Wingless during adult intestinal development, which include regulation of target gene activation, boundary formation, stem cell proliferation, epithelial cell fate specification, muscle differentiation, gut folding, and signaling crosstalk with the Decapentaplegic pathway, are all disrupted by Wingless tethering. These findings provide new evidence that supports the requirement for the direct, long-range action of Wingless in tissue patterning, with relevance for animal development, tissue homeostasis and Wnt-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tian
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Deepesh Duwadi
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Hassina Benchabane
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Yashi Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
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32
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Shang Z, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Cao C, Tian S, Zhang K, Liu L, Shi L, Yu N, Yang S. USP9X-mediated deubiquitination of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 potentiates Wnt signaling and promotes breast carcinogenesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9844-9857. [PMID: 31073027 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the canonical Wnt-signaling pathway is a prominent feature of a number of human malignancies. Transcriptional activation of this signaling cascade depends on the formation of the β-catenin-B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9)-pygopus (PYGO) family plant homeodomain finger 1 complex, yet how the assembly of this complex is regulated remains to be investigated. Here, using MCF-7, HeLa, HEK293T, MDA-MB-231, and Sf9 cells, along with immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, nano-HPLC-MS/MS, deubiquitination, immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, we report that BCL9 physically associates with a protein deubiquitinase, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X-linked (USP9X), and that USP9X removes Lys-63-linked polyubiquitin on Lys-212 of BCL9. Importantly, the USP9X-mediated BCL9 deubiquitination facilitated the formation of the β-catenin-BCL9-PYGO complex, thereby potentiating the transcriptional activation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes. We also show that USP9X-mediated BCL9 deubiquitination promotes the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Together, these results uncover USP9X as a deubiquitinase of BCL9, implicating USP9X in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesen Shang
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Jiao Zhao
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Qi Zhang
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Cheng Cao
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Shanshan Tian
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Kai Zhang
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Ling Liu
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Lei Shi
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Na Yu
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and
| | - Shangda Yang
- From the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China and .,the State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 300020 Tianjin, China
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Wang Z, Tacchelly-Benites O, Noble GP, Johnson MK, Gagné JP, Poirier GG, Ahmed Y. A Context-Dependent Role for the RNF146 Ubiquitin Ligase in Wingless/Wnt Signaling in Drosophila. Genetics 2019; 211:913-923. [PMID: 30593492 PMCID: PMC6404254 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt signal transduction pathway triggers the development of colorectal cancer. The ADP-ribose polymerase Tankyrase (TNKS) mediates proteolysis of Axin-a negative regulator of Wnt signaling-and provides a promising therapeutic target for Wnt-driven diseases. Proteolysis of TNKS substrates is mediated through their ubiquitination by the poly-ADP-ribose (pADPr)-dependent RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF146/Iduna. Like TNKS, RNF146 promotes Axin proteolysis and Wnt pathway activation in some cultured cell lines, but in contrast with TNKS, RNF146 is dispensable for Axin degradation in colorectal carcinoma cells. Thus, the contexts in which RNF146 is essential for TNKS-mediated Axin destabilization and Wnt signaling remain uncertain. Herein, we tested the requirement for RNF146 in TNKS-mediated Axin proteolysis and Wnt pathway activation in a range of in vivo settings. Using null mutants in Drosophila, we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that Rnf146 and Tnks function in the same proteolysis pathway in vivo Furthermore, like Tnks, Drosophila Rnf146 promotes Wingless signaling in multiple developmental contexts by buffering Axin levels to ensure they remain below the threshold at which Wingless signaling is inhibited. However, in contrast with Tnks, Rnf146 is dispensable for Wingless target gene activation and the Wingless-dependent control of intestinal stem cell proliferation in the adult midgut during homeostasis. Together, these findings demonstrate that the requirement for Rnf146 in Tnks-mediated Axin proteolysis and Wingless pathway activation is dependent on physiological context, and suggest that, in some cell types, functionally redundant pADPr-dependent E3 ligases or other compensatory mechanisms promote the Tnks-dependent proteolysis of Axin in both mammalian and Drosophila cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College HB7400, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Ofelia Tacchelly-Benites
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College HB7400, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Geoffrey P Noble
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College HB7400, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Megan K Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College HB7400, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Jean-Philippe Gagné
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, CHUL Pavilion, Axe Oncologie, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Guy G Poirier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, CHUL Pavilion, Axe Oncologie, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Yashi Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College HB7400, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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Xie YY, Mo CL, Cai YH, Wang WJ, Hong XX, Zhang KK, Liu QF, Liu YJ, Hong JJ, He T, Zheng ZZ, Mo W, Li BA. Pygo2 Regulates Adiposity and Glucose Homeostasis via β-Catenin-Axin2-GSK3β Signaling Pathway. Diabetes 2018; 67:2569-2584. [PMID: 30279163 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a key role in regulating adipogenesis through indirectly inhibiting the expression of C/EBPα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ); however, the detailed molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Moreover, the factor(s) that determines the Wnt/β-catenin output level during adipogenesis is also not completely defined. In this study, we showed that Pygo2 exhibited a declined expression pattern during adipocyte differentiation, resulting in an attenuated Wnt/β-catenin output level. The mechanism study indicated that Pygo2 inhibition led to the downregulation of Axin2, a constitutive Wnt target, in the cytoplasm. Consequently, Axin2-bound GSK3β was released and translocated into the nucleus to phosphorylate C/EBPβ and Snail, resulting in an increase in the DNA binding activity of C/EBPβ and decreased protein stability of Snail, which subsequently activated the expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ. Consistent with this, embryonic fibroblasts from Pygo2-/- mice exhibited spontaneous adipocyte differentiation, and adipocyte precursor-specific Pygo2-deficient mice exhibited increased adiposity with decreased energy expenditure. We further showed impaired glucose tolerance and decreased systemic insulin sensitivity in Pygo2-deficient mice. Our study revealed an association between Pygo2 function and obesity or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chun-Li Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yi-Huang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xin-Xin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kun-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yun-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jing-Jing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhong-Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bo-An Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Grainger S, Willert K. Mechanisms of Wnt signaling and control. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 10:e1422. [PMID: 29600540 PMCID: PMC6165711 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conserved system that regulates complex biological processes across all metazoan species. At the cellular level, secreted Wnt proteins serve to break symmetry and provide cells with positional information that is critical to the patterning of the entire body plan. At the organismal level, Wnt signals are employed to orchestrate fundamental developmental processes, including the specification of the anterior-posterior body axis, induction of the primitive streak and ensuing gastrulation movements, and the generation of cell and tissue diversity. Wnt functions extend into adulthood where they regulate stem cell behavior, tissue homeostasis, and damage repair. Disruption of Wnt signaling activity during embryonic development or in adults results in a spectrum of abnormalities and diseases, including cancer. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the myriad of Wnt-regulated biological effects have been the subject of intense research for over three decades. This review is intended to summarize our current understanding of how Wnt signals are generated and interpreted. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Developmental Biology > Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California
| | - Karl Willert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California
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36
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Wingless/Wnt Signaling in Intestinal Development, Homeostasis, Regeneration and Tumorigenesis: A Drosophila Perspective. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:jdb6020008. [PMID: 29615557 PMCID: PMC6026893 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway regulates intestinal stem cell maintenance and proliferation, whereas Wnt pathway hyperactivation, resulting primarily from the inactivation of the tumor suppressor Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), triggers the development of the vast majority of colorectal cancers. The Drosophila adult gut has recently emerged as a powerful model to elucidate the mechanisms by which Wingless/Wnt signaling regulates intestinal development, homeostasis, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Herein, we review recent insights on the roles of Wnt signaling in Drosophila intestinal physiology and pathology.
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The role of Pygo2 for Wnt/ß-catenin signaling activity during intestinal tumor initiation and progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80612-80632. [PMID: 27811361 PMCID: PMC5348345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pygo2 acts as a co-activator of Wnt signaling in a nuclear complex with ß-catenin/BCL9/BCL9-2 to increase target gene transcription. Previous studies showed that Pygo2 is upregulated in murine intestinal tumors and human colon cancer, but is apparently dispensable for normal intestinal homeostasis. Here, we have evaluated the in vivo role of Pygo2 during intestinal tumorigenesis using Pygo2 deficient mice. We analyzed chemically induced colon tumor development and conditional intestine specific mouse models harboring either Apc loss-of-function (LOF) or Ctnnb1 gain-of-function (ß-catenin GOF). Remarkably, the number and size of chemically induced tumors was significantly reduced in Pygo2 deficient mice, suggesting that Pygo2 has a tumor promoting function. Furthermore, loss of Pygo2 rescued early tumorigenesis of Ctnnb1 GOF mutants. In contrast, Pygo2 ablation was not sufficient to prevent tumor development of Apc LOF mice. The effect on tumor formation by Pygo2 knockout was linked to the repression of specific deregulated Wnt target genes, in particular of c-Myc. Moreover, the role of Pygo2 appears to be associated with the signaling output of deregulated Wnt signaling in the different tumor models. Thus, targeting Pygo2 might provide a novel strategy to suppress tumor formation in a context dependent manner.
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38
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Lyou Y, Habowski AN, Chen GT, Waterman ML. Inhibition of nuclear Wnt signalling: challenges of an elusive target for cancer therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4589-4599. [PMID: 28752891 PMCID: PMC5727325 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved Wnt signalling pathway plays an important role in embryonic development and disease pathogenesis, most notably cancer. The 'canonical' or β-catenin-dependent Wnt signal initiates at the cell plasma membrane with the binding of Wnt proteins to Frizzled:LRP5/LRP6 receptor complexes and is mediated by the translocation of the transcription co-activator protein, β-catenin, into the nucleus. β-Catenin then forms a complex with T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (LEF) transcription factors to regulate multiple gene programmes. These programmes play roles in cell proliferation, migration, vasculogenesis, survival and metabolism. Mutations in Wnt signalling pathway components lead to constitutively active Wnt signalling that drives aberrant expression of these programmes and development of cancer. It has been a longstanding and challenging goal to develop therapies that can interfere with the TCF/LEF-β-catenin transcriptional complex. This review will focus on the (i) structural considerations for targeting the TCF/LEF-β-catenin and co-regulatory complexes in the nucleus, (ii) current molecules that directly target TCF/LEF-β-catenin activity and (iii) ideas for targeting newly discovered components of the TCF/LEF-β-catenin complex and/or downstream gene programmes regulated by these complexes. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Lyou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology OncologyUniversity of California Irvine Medical CenterOrangeCAUSA
| | - Amber N Habowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - George T Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Marian L Waterman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
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Wang Z, Tian A, Benchabane H, Tacchelly-Benites O, Yang E, Nojima H, Ahmed Y. The ADP-ribose polymerase Tankyrase regulates adult intestinal stem cell proliferation during homeostasis in Drosophila. Development 2017; 143:1710-20. [PMID: 27190037 DOI: 10.1242/dev.127647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling controls intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation, and is aberrantly activated in colorectal cancer. Inhibitors of the ADP-ribose polymerase Tankyrase (Tnks) have become lead therapeutic candidates for Wnt-driven cancers, following the recent discovery that Tnks targets Axin, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, for proteolysis. Initial reports indicated that Tnks is important for Wnt pathway activation in cultured human cell lines. However, the requirement for Tnks in physiological settings has been less clear, as subsequent studies in mice, fish and flies suggested that Tnks was either entirely dispensable for Wnt-dependent processes in vivo, or alternatively, had tissue-specific roles. Here, using null alleles, we demonstrate that the regulation of Axin by the highly conserved Drosophila Tnks homolog is essential for the control of ISC proliferation. Furthermore, in the adult intestine, where activity of the Wingless pathway is graded and peaks at each compartmental boundary, Tnks is dispensable for signaling in regions where pathway activity is high, but essential where pathway activity is relatively low. Finally, as observed previously for Wingless pathway components, Tnks activity in absorptive enterocytes controls the proliferation of neighboring ISCs non-autonomously by regulating JAK/STAT signaling. These findings reveal the requirement for Tnks in the control of ISC proliferation and suggest an essential role in the amplification of Wnt signaling, with relevance for development, homeostasis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghan Wang
- Department of Genetics and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ai Tian
- Department of Genetics and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Hassina Benchabane
- Department of Genetics and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ofelia Tacchelly-Benites
- Department of Genetics and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Eungi Yang
- Department of Genetics and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Hisashi Nojima
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Yashi Ahmed
- Department of Genetics and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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40
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Tortelote GG, Reis RR, de Almeida Mendes F, Abreu JG. Complexity of the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway: Searching for an activation model. Cell Signal 2017; 40:30-43. [PMID: 28844868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling refers to a conserved signaling pathway, widely studied due to its roles in cellular communication, cell fate decisions, development and cancer. However, the exact mechanism underlying inhibition of the GSK phosphorylation towards β-catenin and activation of the pathway after biding of Wnt ligand to its cognate receptors at the plasma membrane remains unclear. Wnt target genes are widely spread over several animal phyla. They participate in a plethora of functions during the development of an organism, from axial specification, gastrulation and organogenesis all the way to regeneration and repair in adults. Temporal and spatial oncogenetic re-activation of Wnt signaling almost certainly leads to cancer. Wnt signaling components have been extensively studied as possible targets in anti-cancer therapies. In this review we will discuss one of the most intriguing questions in this field, that is how β-catenin, a major component in this pathway, escapes the destruction complex, gets stabilized in the cytosol and it is translocated to the nucleus where it acts as a co-transcription factor. Four major models have evolved during the past 20years. We dissected each of them along with current views and future perspectives on this pathway. This review will focus on the molecular mechanisms by which Wnt proteins modulate β-catenin cytoplasmic levels and the relevance of this pathway for the development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovane G Tortelote
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Renata R Reis
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Almeida Mendes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Garcia Abreu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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41
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Flack JE, Mieszczanek J, Novcic N, Bienz M. Wnt-Dependent Inactivation of the Groucho/TLE Co-repressor by the HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Hyd/UBR5. Mol Cell 2017; 67:181-193.e5. [PMID: 28689657 PMCID: PMC5592244 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular signals are transduced to the cell nucleus by effectors that bind to enhancer complexes to operate transcriptional switches. For example, the Wnt enhanceosome is a multiprotein complex associated with Wnt-responsive enhancers through T cell factors (TCF) and kept silent by Groucho/TLE co-repressors. Wnt-activated β-catenin binds to TCF to overcome this repression, but how it achieves this is unknown. Here, we discover that this process depends on the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase Hyd/UBR5, which is required for Wnt signal responses in Drosophila and human cell lines downstream of activated Armadillo/β-catenin. We identify Groucho/TLE as a functionally relevant substrate, whose ubiquitylation by UBR5 is induced by Wnt signaling and conferred by β-catenin. Inactivation of TLE by UBR5-dependent ubiquitylation also involves VCP/p97, an AAA ATPase regulating the folding of various cellular substrates including ubiquitylated chromatin proteins. Thus, Groucho/TLE ubiquitylation by Hyd/UBR5 is a key prerequisite that enables Armadillo/β-catenin to activate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Flack
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Juliusz Mieszczanek
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Nikola Novcic
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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42
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Tian A, Benchabane H, Wang Z, Zimmerman C, Xin N, Perochon J, Kalna G, Sansom OJ, Cheng C, Cordero JB, Ahmed Y. Intestinal stem cell overproliferation resulting from inactivation of the APC tumor suppressor requires the transcription cofactors Earthbound and Erect wing. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006870. [PMID: 28708826 PMCID: PMC5510812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction directs intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation during homeostasis. Hyperactivation of Wnt signaling initiates colorectal cancer, which most frequently results from truncation of the tumor suppressor Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). The β-catenin-TCF transcription complex activates both the physiological expression of Wnt target genes in the normal intestinal epithelium and their aberrantly increased expression in colorectal tumors. Whether mechanistic differences in the Wnt transcription machinery drive these distinct levels of target gene activation in physiological versus pathological states remains uncertain, but is relevant for the design of new therapeutic strategies. Here, using a Drosophila model, we demonstrate that two evolutionarily conserved transcription cofactors, Earthbound (Ebd) and Erect wing (Ewg), are essential for all major consequences of Apc1 inactivation in the intestine: the hyperactivation of Wnt target gene expression, excess number of ISCs, and hyperplasia of the epithelium. In contrast, only Ebd, but not Ewg, mediates the Wnt-dependent regulation of ISC proliferation during homeostasis. Therefore, in the adult intestine, Ebd acts independently of Ewg in physiological Wnt signaling, but cooperates with Ewg to induce the hyperactivation of Wnt target gene expression following Apc1 loss. These findings have relevance for human tumorigenesis, as Jerky (JRK/JH8), the human Ebd homolog, promotes Wnt pathway hyperactivation and is overexpressed in colorectal, breast, and ovarian cancers. Together, our findings reveal distinct requirements for Ebd and Ewg in physiological Wnt pathway activation versus oncogenic Wnt pathway hyperactivation following Apc1 loss. Such differentially utilized transcription cofactors may offer new opportunities for the selective targeting of Wnt-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tian
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Hassina Benchabane
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Zhenghan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Chloe Zimmerman
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Nan Xin
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Jessica Perochon
- Wolfson Wohl Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Kalna
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Julia B. Cordero
- Wolfson Wohl Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yashi Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
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43
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Li B, Orton D, Neitzel LR, Astudillo L, Shen C, Long J, Chen X, Kirkbride KC, Doundoulakis T, Guerra ML, Zaias J, Fei DL, Rodriguez-Blanco J, Thorne C, Wang Z, Jin K, Nguyen DM, Sands LR, Marchetti F, Abreu MT, Cobb MH, Capobianco AJ, Lee E, Robbins DJ. Differential abundance of CK1α provides selectivity for pharmacological CK1α activators to target WNT-dependent tumors. Sci Signal 2017; 10:eaak9916. [PMID: 28655862 PMCID: PMC5555225 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aak9916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive WNT activity drives the growth of various human tumors, including nearly all colorectal cancers (CRCs). Despite this prominence in cancer, no WNT inhibitor is currently approved for use in the clinic largely due to the small number of druggable signaling components in the WNT pathway and the substantial toxicity to normal gastrointestinal tissue. We have shown that pyrvinium, which activates casein kinase 1α (CK1α), is a potent inhibitor of WNT signaling. However, its poor bioavailability limited the ability to test this first-in-class WNT inhibitor in vivo. We characterized a novel small-molecule CK1α activator called SSTC3, which has better pharmacokinetic properties than pyrvinium, and found that it inhibited the growth of CRC xenografts in mice. SSTC3 also attenuated the growth of a patient-derived metastatic CRC xenograft, for which few therapies exist. SSTC3 exhibited minimal gastrointestinal toxicity compared to other classes of WNT inhibitors. Consistent with this observation, we showed that the abundance of the SSTC3 target, CK1α, was decreased in WNT-driven tumors relative to normal gastrointestinal tissue, and knocking down CK1α increased cellular sensitivity to SSTC3. Thus, we propose that distinct CK1α abundance provides an enhanced therapeutic index for pharmacological CK1α activators to target WNT-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Darren Orton
- StemSynergy Therapeutics Inc., Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Leif R Neitzel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Luisana Astudillo
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chen Shen
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jun Long
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | | | | | - Julia Zaias
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Dennis Liang Fei
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jezabel Rodriguez-Blanco
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Curtis Thorne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ke Jin
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Dao M Nguyen
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Laurence R Sands
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Floriano Marchetti
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anthony J Capobianco
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David J Robbins
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Zimmerli D, Hausmann G, Cantù C, Basler K. Pharmacological interventions in the Wnt pathway: inhibition of Wnt secretion versus disrupting the protein-protein interfaces of nuclear factors. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4600-4610. [PMID: 28521071 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in components of the Wnt pathways are a frequent cause of many human diseases, particularly cancer. Despite the fact that a causative link between aberrant Wnt signalling and many types of human cancers was established more than a decade ago, no Wnt signalling inhibitors have made it into the clinic so far. One reason for this is that no pathway-specific kinase is known. Additionally, targeting the protein-protein interactions needed to transduce the signal has not met with success so far. Complicating the search for and use of inhibitors is the complexity of the cascades triggered by the Wnts and their paramount biological importance. Wnt/β-catenin signalling is involved in virtually all aspects of embryonic development and in the control of the homeostasis of adult tissues. Encouragingly, however, in recent years, first successes with Wnt-pathway inhibitors have been reported in mouse models of disease. In this review, we summarize possible roads to follow during the quest to pharmacologically modulate the Wnt signalling pathway in cancer. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Zimmerli
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - George Hausmann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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45
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Ocorr K, Zambon A, Nudell Y, Pineda S, Diop S, Tang M, Akasaka T, Taylor E. Age-dependent electrical and morphological remodeling of the Drosophila heart caused by hERG/seizure mutations. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006786. [PMID: 28542428 PMCID: PMC5459509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular-molecular substrates of heart disease is key to the development of cardiac specific therapies and to the prevention of off-target effects by non-cardiac targeted drugs. One of the primary targets for therapeutic intervention has been the human ether a go-go (hERG) K+ channel that, together with the KCNQ channel, controls the rate and efficiency of repolarization in human myocardial cells. Neither of these channels plays a major role in adult mouse heart function; however, we show here that the hERG homolog seizure (sei), along with KCNQ, both contribute significantly to adult heart function as they do in humans. In Drosophila, mutations in or cardiac knockdown of sei channels cause arrhythmias that become progressively more severe with age. Intracellular recordings of semi-intact heart preparations revealed that these perturbations also cause electrical remodeling that is reminiscent of the early afterdepolarizations seen in human myocardial cells defective in these channels. In contrast to KCNQ, however, mutations in sei also cause extensive structural remodeling of the myofibrillar organization, which suggests that hERG channel function has a novel link to sarcomeric and myofibrillar integrity. We conclude that deficiency of ion channels with similar electrical functions in cardiomyocytes can lead to different types or extents of electrical and/or structural remodeling impacting cardiac output. We have used the fruit fly cardiac model to show that seizure, the fly homolog of the human ether a go-go K+ channel hERG, is functional in the fly heart. This channel plays a major role in cardiac repolarization in humans but not in adult rodent hearts. Loss of channel function in the fly causes bradycardia, electrical arrhythmia and altered myofibrillar structure. Gene expression analysis indicates that Wnt signaling is affected and we show a genetic interaction between sei and pygopus, a Wnt pathway component, on heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Zambon
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yoav Nudell
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Santiago Pineda
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Soda Diop
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Min Tang
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Erika Taylor
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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van Tienen LM, Mieszczanek J, Fiedler M, Rutherford TJ, Bienz M. Constitutive scaffolding of multiple Wnt enhanceosome components by Legless/BCL9. eLife 2017; 6:e20882. [PMID: 28296634 PMCID: PMC5352222 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling elicits context-dependent transcription switches that determine normal development and oncogenesis. These are mediated by the Wnt enhanceosome, a multiprotein complex binding to the Pygo chromatin reader and acting through TCF/LEF-responsive enhancers. Pygo renders this complex Wnt-responsive, by capturing β-catenin via the Legless/BCL9 adaptor. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering of Drosophila legless (lgs) and human BCL9 and B9L to show that the C-terminus downstream of their adaptor elements is crucial for Wnt responses. BioID proximity labeling revealed that BCL9 and B9L, like PYGO2, are constitutive components of the Wnt enhanceosome. Wnt-dependent docking of β-catenin to the enhanceosome apparently causes a rearrangement that apposes the BCL9/B9L C-terminus to TCF. This C-terminus binds to the Groucho/TLE co-repressor, and also to the Chip/LDB1-SSDP enhanceosome core complex via an evolutionary conserved element. An unexpected link between BCL9/B9L, PYGO2 and nuclear co-receptor complexes suggests that these β-catenin co-factors may coordinate Wnt and nuclear hormone responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Fiedler
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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47
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Cantù C, Pagella P, Shajiei TD, Zimmerli D, Valenta T, Hausmann G, Basler K, Mitsiadis TA. A cytoplasmic role of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional cofactors Bcl9, Bcl9l, and Pygopus in tooth enamel formation. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/465/eaah4598. [PMID: 28174279 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah4598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wnt-stimulated β-catenin transcriptional regulation is necessary for the development of most organs, including teeth. Bcl9 and Bcl9l are tissue-specific transcriptional cofactors that cooperate with β-catenin. In the nucleus, Bcl9 and Bcl9l simultaneously bind β-catenin and the transcriptional activator Pygo2 to promote the transcription of a subset of Wnt target genes. We showed that Bcl9 and Bcl9l function in the cytoplasm during tooth enamel formation in a manner that is independent of Wnt-stimulated β-catenin-dependent transcription. Bcl9, Bcl9l, and Pygo2 localized mainly to the cytoplasm of the epithelial-derived ameloblasts, the cells responsible for enamel production. In ameloblasts, Bcl9 interacted with proteins involved in enamel formation and proteins involved in exocytosis and vesicular trafficking. Conditional deletion of both Bcl9 and Bcl9l or both Pygo1 and Pygo2 in mice produced teeth with defective enamel that was bright white and deficient in iron, which is reminiscent of human tooth enamel pathologies. Overall, our data revealed that these proteins, originally defined through their function as β-catenin transcriptional cofactors, function in odontogenesis through a previously uncharacterized cytoplasmic mechanism, revealing that they have roles beyond that of transcriptional cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cantù
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tania D Shajiei
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Zimmerli
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - George Hausmann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
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48
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Lam AK, Phillips BT. Wnt Signaling Polarizes C. elegans Asymmetric Cell Divisions During Development. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 61:83-114. [PMID: 28409301 PMCID: PMC6057142 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53150-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division is a common mode of cell differentiation during the invariant lineage of the nematode, C. elegans. Beginning at the four-cell stage, and continuing throughout embryogenesis and larval development, mother cells are polarized by Wnt ligands, causing an asymmetric inheritance of key members of a Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway termed the Wnt/β-catenin asymmetry pathway. The resulting daughter cells are distinct at birth with one daughter cell activating Wnt target gene expression via β-catenin activation of TCF, while the other daughter displays transcriptional repression of these target genes. Here, we seek to review the body of evidence underlying a unified model for Wnt-driven asymmetric cell division in C. elegans, identify global themes that occur during asymmetric cell division, as well as highlight tissue-specific variations. We also discuss outstanding questions that remain unanswered regarding this intriguing mode of asymmetric cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Koonyee Lam
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Qin WY, Lv LY, Zhou CF, Chen XZ, Tang JF. Role of Pygo2 in tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4589-4595. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i34.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pygo2, a vital component of the Wnt signaling pathway that was recently discovered, has been reported to be closely related to the tumorigenesis of several types of malignant tumors. There are two highly conservative domains named NHD in the N terminus and PHD in the C terminus of Pygo2. Previous studies have shown that the Pygo2 PHD domain can act as a protein code reader to link the chromatin remodeling complex to specific changes in gene transcription, as demonstrated for the Wnt target genes. Furthermore, the activity of the chromatin remodeling is further facilitated by the recruiting of histone methyltransferase and acetyltransferase through the interaction with the Pygo2 NHD domain. However, the molecular mechanism of Pygo2 in the tumor development is still poorly understood. In the present study, we intend to review the structure and role of Pygo2 in tumor progression.
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50
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Wnt/β-catenin-dependent acetylation of Pygo2 by CBP/p300 histone acetyltransferase family members. Biochem J 2016; 473:4193-4203. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pygopus 2 (Pygo2) is a chromatin effector that plays an essential role in canonical Wnt signaling associated with development and stem cell growth. Its function is to facilitate histone acetylation by recruitment of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) at active sites of β-catenin-mediated transcription. In the present study, we report that Pygo2 itself is transiently acetylated when bound to the activated TCF/β-catenin transcription complex, which correlated with β-catenin binding and Axin2 gene activation. The HAT CBP/p300, but not GCN5/PCAF, targeted specific lysine residues of the N-terminal homology domain of Pygo2 for acetylation. Functional analyses revealed that the presence of CBP and p300 increased the association of Pygo2 with GCN5, independent of Pygo2 acetylation status. Finally, while acetylation of Pygo2 had little effect on active β-catenin complex formation, p300-mediated Pygo2 acetylation resulted in the displacement of Pygo2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by targeting specific lysine residues in the Pygo2 nuclear localization sequence. Taken together, these findings are consistent with a model in which acetylation of Pygo2 by CBP/p300 family members in the active TCF/β-catenin complex occurs coincident with histone acetylation and may be required for the recycling of Pygo2 away from the complex subsequent to target gene activation.
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