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Yin Q, Hu Y, Dong Z, Lu J, Wang H. Cellular, Structural Basis, and Recent Progress for Targeting Murine Double Minute X (MDMX) in Tumors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:14723-14741. [PMID: 39185935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Murine double minute X (MDMX) is an oncoprotein that mainly has a negative regulatory effect on the tumor suppressor p53 to induce tumorigenesis. As MDMX is highly expressed in various types of tumor cells, targeting and inhibiting MDMX are becoming a promising strategy for treating cancers. However, the high degree of structural homology between MDMX and its homologous protein murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a great challenge for the development of MDMX-targeted therapies. This review introduces the structure, distribution, and regulation of the MDMX, summarizes the structural features and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of MDMX ligands, and focuses on the differences between MDMX and MDM2 in these aspects. Our purpose of this work is to propose potential strategies to achieve the specific targeting of MDMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yuemiao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhiwen Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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Lee WG, Kim ES. Precision Oncology in Pediatric Cancer Surgery. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2024; 33:409-446. [PMID: 38401917 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric precision oncology has provided a greater understanding of the wide range of molecular alterations in difficult-to-treat or rare tumors with the aims of increasing survival as well as decreasing toxicity and morbidity from current cytotoxic therapies. In this article, the authors discuss the current state of pediatric precision oncology which has increased access to novel targeted therapies while also providing a framework for clinical implementation in this unique population. The authors evaluate the targetable mutations currently under investigation-with a focus on pediatric solid tumors-and discuss the key surgical implications associated with novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Lee
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 116 North Robertson Boulevard, Suite PACT 700, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. https://twitter.com/william_ghh_lee
| | - Eugene S Kim
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 116 North Robertson Boulevard, Suite PACT 700, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Espinoza AF, Patel RH, Patel KR, Badachhape AA, Whitlock R, Srivastava RK, Govindu SR, Duong A, Kona A, Kureti P, Armbruster B, Kats D, Srinivasan RR, Dobrolecki LE, Yu X, Najaf Panah MJ, Zorman B, Sarabia SF, Urbicain M, Major A, Bissig KD, Keller C, Lewis MT, Heczey A, Sumazin P, López-Terrada DH, Woodfield SE, Vasudevan SA. A novel treatment strategy utilizing panobinostat for high-risk and treatment-refractory hepatoblastoma. J Hepatol 2024; 80:610-621. [PMID: 38242326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with metastatic, treatment-refractory, and relapsed hepatoblastoma (HB) have survival rates of less than 50% due to limited treatment options. To develop new therapeutic strategies for these patients, our laboratory has developed a preclinical testing pipeline. Given that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has been proposed for HB, we hypothesized that we could find an effective combination treatment strategy utilizing HDAC inhibition. METHODS RNA sequencing, microarray, NanoString, and immunohistochemistry data of patient HB samples were analyzed for HDAC class expression. Patient-derived spheroids (PDSp) were used to screen combination chemotherapy with an HDAC inhibitor, panobinostat. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models were developed and treated with the combination therapy that showed the highest efficacy in the PDSp drug screen. RESULTS HDAC RNA and protein expression were elevated in HB tumors compared to normal livers. Panobinostat (IC50 of 0.013-0.059 μM) showed strong in vitro effects and was associated with lower cell viability than other HDAC inhibitors. PDSp demonstrated the highest level of cell death with combination treatment of vincristine/irinotecan/panobinostat (VIP). All four models responded to VIP therapy with a decrease in tumor size compared to placebo. After 6 weeks of treatment, two models demonstrated necrotic cell death, with lower Ki67 expression, decreased serum alpha fetoprotein and reduced tumor burden compared to paired VI- and placebo-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing a preclinical HB pipeline, we demonstrate that panobinostat in combination with VI chemotherapy can induce an effective tumor response in models developed from patients with high-risk, relapsed, and treatment-refractory HB. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Patients with treatment-refractory hepatoblastoma have limited treatment options with survival rates of less than 50%. Our manuscript demonstrates that combination therapy with vincristine, irinotecan, and panobinostat reduces the size of high-risk, relapsed, and treatment-refractory tumors. With this work we provide preclinical evidence to support utilizing this combination therapy as an arm in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres F Espinoza
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children's Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roma H Patel
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children's Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kalyani R Patel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Department of Pathology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew A Badachhape
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard Whitlock
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children's Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rohit K Srivastava
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children's Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Saiabhiroop R Govindu
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children's Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashley Duong
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children's Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abhishek Kona
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children's Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pavan Kureti
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children's Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bryan Armbruster
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children's Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dina Kats
- Pediatric Cancer Biology, Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | | | - Lacey E Dobrolecki
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xinjian Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad J Najaf Panah
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barry Zorman
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen F Sarabia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Department of Pathology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Martin Urbicain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Department of Pathology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angela Major
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Department of Pathology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karl-Dimiter Bissig
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charles Keller
- Pediatric Cancer Biology, Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andras Heczey
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dolores H López-Terrada
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Department of Pathology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah E Woodfield
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children's Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sanjeev A Vasudevan
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children's Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Wang HS, Lao J, Jiang RS, Wang B, Ma XP, Wang JY. Summary of biological research on hepatoblastoma: a scoping review. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1309693. [PMID: 38390281 PMCID: PMC10881832 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1309693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatoblastoma is the most prevalent primary hepatic malignancy in children, comprising 80% of pediatric hepatic malignancies and 1% of all pediatric malignancies. However, traditional treatments have proven inadequate in effectively curing hepatoblastoma, leading to a poor prognosis. Methods A literature search was conducted on multiple electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar). A total of 86 articles were eligible for inclusion in this review. Result This review aims to consolidate recent developments in hepatoblastoma research, focusing on the latest advances in cancer-associated genomics, epigenetic studies, transcriptional programs and molecular subtypes. We also discuss the current treatment approaches and forthcoming strategies to address cancer-associated biological challenges. Conclusion To provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms associated with hepatoblastoma occurrence, this review highlights three key aspects: genomics, epigenetics, and transcriptomics. Our review aims to facilitate the exploration of novel molecular mechanisms and the development of innovative clinical treatment strategies for hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Sheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Lao
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ren-Sen Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital of ShanTou University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Yao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhou S, Sarabia SF, Estrine D, Ostrow D, Schmidt RJ, Warren M, Raca G, Shillingford N, Wang L, Pawel B, Stein JE, Biegel JA, Lopez-Terrada D, Mascarenhas L, Ji J. Comparative Clinicopathologic and Genomic Analysis of Hepatocellular Neoplasm, Not Otherwise Specified, and Hepatoblastoma. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100385. [PMID: 37992967 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified (HCN-NOS), poses significant challenges. Our study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic and genomic similarities and differences between HCN-NOS and hepatoblastoma (HB) to guide diagnostic and treatment strategies. The clinicopathologic characteristics of 16 patients with HCN-NOS and 23 patients with HB were compared. Molecular studies, including the OncoKids DNA- and RNA-based next-generation sequencing panel, chromosomal microarray, and targeted Sanger sequencing analyses of CTNNB1 and TERT promoters, were employed. We found that patients with HCN-NOS were older (P < .001) and more frequently classified as high risk (P < .01), yet they showed no significant differences in alpha fetoprotein levels or survival outcomes compared with those with HB. HCN-NOS and HB had a comparable frequency of sequence variants, with CTNNB1 mutations being predominant in both groups. Notably, TERT promoter mutations (37.5%) and rare clinically significant variants (BRAF, NRAS, and KMT2D) were exclusive to HCN-NOS. HCN-NOS demonstrated a higher prevalence of gains in 1q, encompassing the MDM4 locus (17/17 vs 11/24; P < .001), as well as loss/loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 1p (11/17 vs 6/24; P < .05) and chromosome 11 (7/17 vs 1/24; P < .01) when compared with HB. Furthermore, the recurrent loss/LOH of chromosomes 3, 4p, 9, 15q, and Y was only observed in HCN-NOS. However, no significant differences were noted in gains of chromosomes 2, 8, and 20, or loss/LOH of 4q and 11p between the 2 groups. Notably, no clinically significant gene fusions were detected in either group. In conclusion, our study reveals that HCN-NOS exhibits high-risk clinicopathologic features and greater structural complexity compared with HB. However, patients with HCN-NOS exhibit comparable alpha fetoprotein levels at diagnosis, CTNNB1 mutation rates, and survival outcomes when subjected to aggressive treatment, as compared with those with HB. These findings have the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform more effective treatments for HCN-NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Stephen F Sarabia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Dolores Estrine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dejerianne Ostrow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ryan J Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mikako Warren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gordana Raca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nick Shillingford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Larry Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - James E Stein
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dolores Lopez-Terrada
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Leo Mascarenhas
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jianling Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Asrani R, Cengiz TB, Petersen BE, Anagnostou T, Brody JD. Brentuximab vedotin as a bridge to combination chemotherapy in gray zone lymphoma with severe liver impairment: a case report. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1254256. [PMID: 38313213 PMCID: PMC10834647 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1254256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gray zone lymphoma (GZL) is a rare lymphoma subtype characterized by features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). The optimal first-line treatment for GZL remains undefined, particularly for patients with poor performance status or baseline organ impairment. Brentuximab vedotin (BV), a targeted therapy that binds to CD30, a TNFR superfamily member involved in NF-kB signaling, has shown promise in the treatment of CD30-positive lymphomas. However, its use in GZL, especially in patients with severe liver impairment, has not been reported previously. Case description We present a case of a 37-year-old male with GZL and severe liver impairment at initial presentation. The patient initially received monotherapy with BV, which resulted in a marked improvement in liver enzymes and bilirubin levels. Subsequently, combination cytotoxic chemotherapy consisting of dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin (DA-EP_CH) was added. Repeat imaging revealed near complete resolution of lymphadenopathy and significant reduction in hepatosplenomegaly. The patient completed a full course of chemotherapy and achieved a complete response. Follow-up examinations showed no evidence of recurrent disease, and the patient resumed full-time work. Discussion GZL poses diagnostic challenges due to its overlapping features with DLBCL and cHL. Accurate diagnosis relies on comprehensive histopathological evaluation, immunophenotyping, and molecular analysis. The optimal first-line treatment for GZL remains uncertain. BV shows promise as an addition to chemotherapy in GZL, even in the presence of severe liver impairment. The molecular pathogenesis of GZL is complex and heterogeneous, frequently involving aberrant NF-kB signaling and impaired apoptosis regulation via loss of TP53 expression. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is essential for developing targeted therapies and identifying predictive biomarkers for treatment response. Conclusion This case demonstrates the successful use of BV as a bridge to cytotoxic chemotherapy in a GZL patient with severe liver impairment, highlighting its potential safety and efficacy even in the setting of end-organ failure. Further investigation is warranted to define optimal treatment strategies, identify predictive biomarkers, and improve outcomes for patients with this rare and challenging lymphoma subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Asrani
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Turgot Bora Cengiz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bruce E Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Theodora Anagnostou
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua D Brody
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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de Langen P, Hammal F, Guéret E, Mouren JC, Spinelli L, Ballester B. Characterizing intergenic transcription at RNA polymerase II binding sites in normal and cancer tissues. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100411. [PMID: 37868033 PMCID: PMC10589727 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Intergenic transcription in normal and cancerous tissues is pervasive but incompletely understood. To investigate this, we constructed an atlas of over 180,000 consensus RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-bound intergenic regions from 900 RNAPII chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments in normal and cancer samples. Through unsupervised analysis, we identified 51 RNAPII consensus clusters, many of which mapped to specific biotypes and revealed tissue-specific regulatory signatures. We developed a meta-clustering methodology to integrate our RNAPII atlas with active transcription across 28,797 RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE). This analysis revealed strong tissue- and disease-specific interconnections between RNAPII occupancy and transcriptional activity. We demonstrate that intergenic transcription at RNAPII-bound regions is a novel per-cancer and pan-cancer biomarker. This biomarker displays genomic and clinically relevant characteristics, distinguishing cancer subtypes and linking to overall survival. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of coherent data integration to uncover intergenic transcriptional activity in normal and cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elise Guéret
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, TAGC, Marseille, France
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Ishikawa R, Saito K, Misawa T, Demizu Y, Saito Y. Identification of the Stapled α-Helical Peptide ATSP-7041 as a Substrate and Strong Inhibitor of OATP1B1 In Vitro. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1002. [PMID: 37371582 DOI: 10.3390/biom13061002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ATSP-7041, a stapled α-helical peptide that inhibits murine double minute-2 (MDM2) and MDMX activities, is a promising modality targeting protein-protein interactions. As peptides of molecular weights over 1000 Da are not usually evaluated, data on the drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of stapled α-helical peptides remain scarce. Here, we evaluate the interaction of ATSP-7041 with hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs; CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6) and transporters (organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs; OATP1B1 and OATP1B3), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)). ATSP-7041 demonstrated negligible metabolism in human liver S9 fraction and a limited inhibition of CYP activities in yeast microsomes or S9 fractions. On the contrary, a substantial uptake by OATPs in HEK 293 cells, a strong inhibition of OATP activities in the cells, and an inhibition of P-gp and BCRP activities in reversed membrane vesicles were observed for ATSP-7041. A recent report describes that ALRN-6924, an ATSP-7041 analog, inhibited OATP activities in vivo; therefore, we focused on the interaction between ATSP-7041 and OATP1B1 to demonstrate that ATSP-7041, as a higher molecular weight stapled peptide, is a substrate and strong inhibitor of OATP1B1 activity. Our findings demonstrated the possibility of transporter-mediated DDI potential by high molecular weight stapled peptides and the necessity of their evaluation for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Ishikawa
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Saito
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takashi Misawa
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
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Nousiainen R, Eloranta K, Isoaho N, Cairo S, Wilson DB, Heikinheimo M, Pihlajoki M. UBE2C expression is elevated in hepatoblastoma and correlates with inferior patient survival. Front Genet 2023; 14:1170940. [PMID: 37377594 PMCID: PMC10291054 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1170940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor among children. To gain insight into the pathobiology of HB, we performed RNA sequence analysis on 5 patient-derived xenograft lines (HB-243, HB-279, HB-282, HB-284, HB-295) and 1 immortalized cell line (HUH6). Using cultured hepatocytes as a control, we found 2,868 genes that were differentially expressed in all of the HB lines on mRNA level. The most upregulated genes were ODAM, TRIM71, and IGDCC3, and the most downregulated were SAA1, SAA2, and NNMT. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified ubiquitination as a key pathway dysregulated in HB. UBE2C, encoding an E2 ubiquitin ligase often overexpressed in cancer cells, was markedly upregulated in 5 of the 6 HB cell lines. Validation studies confirmed UBE2C immunostaining in 20 of 25 HB tumor specimens versus 1 of 6 normal liver samples. The silencing of UBE2C in two HB cell models resulted in decreased cell viability. RNA sequencing analysis showed alterations in cell cycle regulation after UBE2C knockdown. UBE2C expression in HB correlated with inferior patient survival. We conclude that UBE2C may hold prognostic utility in HB and that the ubiquitin pathway is a potential therapeutic target in this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nousiainen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Eloranta
- Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Isoaho
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Cairo
- Champions Oncology, Hackensack, NJ, United States
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Padova, Italy
- XenTech, Evry, France
| | - David B. Wilson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Fito-Lopez B, Salvadores M, Alvarez MM, Supek F. Prevalence, causes and impact of TP53-loss phenocopying events in human tumors. BMC Biol 2023; 21:92. [PMID: 37095494 PMCID: PMC10127307 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP53 is a master tumor suppressor gene, mutated in approximately half of all human cancers. Given the many regulatory roles of the corresponding p53 protein, it is possible to infer loss of p53 activity - which may occur due to alterations in trans - from gene expression patterns. Several such alterations that phenocopy p53 loss are known, however additional ones may exist, but their identity and prevalence among human tumors are not well characterized. RESULTS We perform a large-scale statistical analysis on transcriptomes of ~ 7,000 tumors and ~ 1,000 cell lines, estimating that 12% and 8% of tumors and cancer cell lines, respectively, phenocopy TP53 loss: they are likely deficient in the activity of the p53 pathway, while not bearing obvious TP53 inactivating mutations. While some of these cases are explained by amplifications in the known phenocopying genes MDM2, MDM4 and PPM1D, many are not. An association analysis of cancer genomic scores jointly with CRISPR/RNAi genetic screening data identified an additional common TP53-loss phenocopying gene, USP28. Deletions in USP28 are associated with a TP53 functional impairment in 2.9-7.6% of breast, bladder, lung, liver and stomach tumors, and have comparable effect size to MDM4 amplifications. Additionally, in the known copy number alteration (CNA) segment harboring MDM2, we identify an additional co-amplified gene (CNOT2) that may cooperatively boost the TP53 functional inactivation effect of MDM2. An analysis of cancer cell line drug screens using phenocopy scores suggests that TP53 (in)activity commonly modulates associations between anticancer drug effects and various genetic markers, such as PIK3CA and PTEN mutations, and should thus be considered as a drug activity modifying factor in precision medicine. As a resource, we provide the drug-genetic marker associations that differ depending on TP53 functional status. CONCLUSIONS Human tumors that do not bear obvious TP53 genetic alterations but that phenocopy p53 activity loss are common, and the USP28 gene deletions are one likely cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fito-Lopez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Salvadores
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel-Martin Alvarez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fran Supek
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Potential Impact of PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway Genes, KLF-14, MDM4, miRNAs 27a, miRNA-196a Genetic Alterations in the Predisposition and Progression of Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041281. [PMID: 36831624 PMCID: PMC9954638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have reported link between SNPs and risk of breast cancer. This study investigated the association of the selected gene variants by predicting them as possible target genes. Molecular technique advances with the availability of whole-exome sequencing (WES), now offer opportunities for simultaneous investigations of many genes. The experimental protocol for PI3K, AKT-1, KLF-14, MDM4, miRNAs 27a, and miR-196a genotyping was done by ARMS-PCR and sanger sequencing. The novel and known gene variants were studied by Whole-exome sequencing using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. This case control study reports significant association between BC patients, healthy controls with the polymorphic variants of PI3K C > T, AKT-1 G > A KLF 14 C > T, MDM4 A > G, miR-27a A > G, miR-196a-2 C > T genes (p < 0.05). MDM4 A > G genotypes were strongly associated with BC predisposition with OR 2.08 & 2.15, p < 0.05) in codominant and dominant models respectively. MDM4 A allele show the same effective (OR1.76, p < 0.05) whereas it remains protective in recessive model for BC risk. AKT1G > A genotypes were strongly associated with the BC susceptibility in all genetic models whereas PI3K C > T genotypes were associated with breast cancer predisposition in recessive model OR 6.96. Polymorphic variants of KLF-14 A > G, MDM4G > A, MiR-27aA >G, miR-196a-C > T were strongly associated with stage, tamoxifen treatment. Risk variants have been reported by whole exome sequencing in our BC patients. It was concluded that a strong association between the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway gene variants with the breast cancer susceptibility and progression. Similarly, KLF 14-AA, MDM4-GA, miR27a-GG and miR-196a-CT gene variants were associated with the higher risk probability of BC and were strongly correlated with staging of the BC patients. This study also reported Low, novel, and intermediate-genetic-risk variants of PI3K, AKT-1, MDM4G & KLF-14 by utilizing whole-exome sequencing. These variants should be further investigated in larger cohorts' studies.
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12
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Yang J, Zhu Q, Wu Y, Qu X, Liu H, Jiang B, Ge D, Song X. Utilization of macrocyclic peptides to target protein-protein interactions in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:992171. [PMID: 36465350 PMCID: PMC9714258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.992171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play vital roles in normal cellular processes. Dysregulated PPIs are involved in the process of various diseases, including cancer. Thus, these PPIs may serve as potential therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. However, despite rapid advances in small-molecule drugs and biologics, it is still hard to target PPIs, especially for those intracellular PPIs. Macrocyclic peptides have gained growing attention for their therapeutic properties in targeting dysregulated PPIs. Macrocyclic peptides have some unique features, such as moderate sizes, high selectivity, and high binding affinities, which make them good drug candidates. In addition, some oncology macrocyclic peptide drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use. Here, we reviewed the recent development of macrocyclic peptides in cancer treatment. The opportunities and challenges were also discussed to inspire new perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoliang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Sumazin P, Peters TL, Sarabia SF, Kim HR, Urbicain M, Hollingsworth EF, Alvarez KR, Perez CR, Pozza A, Najaf Panah MJ, Epps JL, Scorsone K, Zorman B, Katzenstein H, O'Neill AF, Meyers R, Tiao G, Geller J, Ranganathan S, Rangaswami AA, Woodfield SE, Goss JA, Vasudevan SA, Heczey A, Roy A, Fisher KE, Alaggio R, Patel KR, Finegold MJ, López-Terrada DH. Hepatoblastomas with carcinoma features represent a biological spectrum of aggressive neoplasms in children and young adults. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1026-1037. [PMID: 35577029 PMCID: PMC9524481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the predominant liver cancers in children, though their respective treatment options and associated outcomes differ dramatically. Risk stratification using a combination of clinical, histological, and molecular parameters can improve treatment selection, but it is particularly challenging for tumors with mixed histological features, including those in the recently created hepatocellular neoplasm not otherwise specified (HCN NOS) provisional category. We aimed to perform the first molecular characterization of clinically annotated cases of HCN NOS. METHODS We tested whether these histological features are associated with genetic alterations, cancer gene dysregulation, and outcomes. Namely, we compared the molecular features of HCN NOS, including copy number alterations, mutations, and gene expression profiles, with those in other pediatric hepatocellular neoplasms, including HBs and HCCs, as well as HBs demonstrating focal atypia or pleomorphism (HB FPAs), and HBs diagnosed in older children (>8). RESULTS Molecular profiles of HCN NOS and HB FPAs revealed common underlying biological features that were previously observed in HCCs. Consequently, we designated these tumor types collectively as HBs with HCC features (HBCs). These tumors were associated with high mutation rates (∼3 somatic mutations/Mb) and were enriched with mutations and alterations in key cancer genes and pathways. In addition, recurrent large-scale chromosomal gains, including gains of chromosomal arms 2q (80%), 6p (70%), and 20p (70%), were observed. Overall, HBCs were associated with poor clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that histological features seen in HBCs are associated with combined molecular features of HB and HCC, that HBCs are associated with poor outcomes irrespective of patient age, and that transplanted patients are more likely to have good outcomes than those treated with chemotherapy and surgery alone. These findings highlight the importance of molecular testing and early therapeutic intervention for aggressive childhood hepatocellular neoplasms. LAY SUMMARY We molecularly characterized a class of histologically aggressive childhood liver cancers and showed that these tumors are clinically aggressive and that their observed histological features are associated with underlying recurrent molecular features. We proposed a diagnostic algorithm to identify these cancers using a combination of histological and molecular features, and our analysis suggested that these cancers may benefit from specialized treatment strategies that may differ from treatment guidelines for other childhood liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Sumazin
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Tricia L Peters
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen F Sarabia
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hyunjae R Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Urbicain
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emporia Faith Hollingsworth
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karla R Alvarez
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cintia R Perez
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alice Pozza
- Department of Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammad Javad Najaf Panah
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica L Epps
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathy Scorsone
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barry Zorman
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Howard Katzenstein
- Nemours Children's Specialty Care and Wolfson Children's Hospital, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Allison F O'Neill
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Greg Tiao
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jim Geller
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Arun A Rangaswami
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Woodfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John A Goss
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanjeev A Vasudevan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andras Heczey
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angshumoy Roy
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin E Fisher
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Department of Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Kalyani R Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Milton J Finegold
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Dolores H López-Terrada
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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14
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Effects of TP53 Mutations and miRs on Immune Responses in the Tumor Microenvironment Important in Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142155. [PMID: 35883598 PMCID: PMC9318640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 90% of pancreatic cancers are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). PDAC is the fourth leading cause of cancer death world-wide. Therapies for PDAC are largely ineffective due to the dense desmoplastic tumor microenvironment which prevents chemotherapeutic drugs and small molecule inhibitors from exerting effective anti-cancer effects. In this review, we will discuss the roles of TP53 and miRs on the PDAC tumor microenvironment and how loss of the normal functions of TP53 promote tumor progression. The TP53 gene is mutated in approximately 50% of pancreatic cancers. Often, these TP53 mutations are point mutations which confer additional functions for the TP53 proteins. These are called gain of function (GOF) mutations (mut). Another class of TP53 mutations are deletions which result in loss of the TP53 protein; these are referred to TP53-null mutations. We have organized this review into various components/properties of the PDAC microenvironment and how they may be altered in the presence of mutant TP53 and loss of certain miR expression.
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15
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Wu PV, Rangaswami A. Current Approaches in Hepatoblastoma-New Biological Insights to Inform Therapy. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:1209-1218. [PMID: 35438389 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As the most common pediatric primary liver cancer with rising incidence, hepatoblastoma remains challenging to treat. Here, we review the current understanding of the biology of hepatoblastoma and discuss how recent advances may lead to new treatment modalities. RECENT FINDINGS Standard chemotherapy regimens including cisplatin, in addition to surgery, have led to high cure rates among patients with low stage hepatoblastoma; however, metastatic and relapsed disease continue to have poor outcomes. Recent genomics and functional studies in cell lines and mouse models have established a central role for the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in tumorigenesis. Targeted agents and immunotherapy approaches are emerging as potential treatment avenues. With recent gains in knowledge of the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of hepatoblastoma, new therapeutic mechanisms can now be explored to improve outcomes for metastatic and relapsed hepatoblastoma and to reduce the toxicity of current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng V Wu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1000 Welch Rd. Suite 300, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Arun Rangaswami
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th St., 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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16
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Zhang S, Yan Z, Li Y, Gong Y, Lyu X, Lou J, Zhang D, Meng X, Zhao Y. Structure-Based Discovery of MDM2/4 Dual Inhibitors that Exert Antitumor Activities against MDM4-Overexpressing Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6207-6230. [PMID: 35420431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent clinical progress in peptide-based dual inhibitors of MDM2/4, small-molecule ones with robust antitumor activities remain challenging. To tackle this issue, 31 (YL93) was structure-based designed and synthesized, which had MDM2/4 binding Ki values of 1.1 and 642 nM, respectively. In three MDM4-overexpressing cancer cell lines harboring wild-type p53, 31 shows improved cell growth inhibition activities compared to RG7388, an MDM2-selective inhibitor in late-stage clinical trials. Mechanistic studies show that 31 increased cellular protein levels of p53 and p21 and upregulated the expression of p53-targeted genes in RKO cells with MDM4 amplification. In addition, 31 induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in western blot and flow cytometry assays. Taken together, dual inhibition of MDM2/4 by 31 elicited stronger antitumor activities in vitro compared to selective MDM2 inhibitors in wild-type p53 and MDM4-overexpressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yafang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xilin Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xiangjing Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China
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17
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Rodrigues D, Coyle L, Füzi B, Ferreira S, Jo H, Herpers B, Chung SW, Fisher C, Kleinjans JCS, Jennen D, de Kok TM. Unravelling Mechanisms of Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in 3D Human Intestinal Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031286. [PMID: 35163210 PMCID: PMC8836276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is widely used in the treatment of different cancers, and its side effects can be severe in many tissues, including the intestines. Symptoms such as diarrhoea and abdominal pain caused by intestinal inflammation lead to the interruption of chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms associated with doxorubicin intestinal toxicity have been poorly explored. This study aims to investigate such mechanisms by exposing 3D small intestine and colon organoids to doxorubicin and to evaluate transcriptomic responses in relation to viability and apoptosis as physiological endpoints. The in vitro concentrations and dosing regimens of doxorubicin were selected based on physiologically based pharmacokinetic model simulations of treatment regimens recommended for cancer patients. Cytotoxicity and cell morphology were evaluated as well as gene expression and biological pathways affected by doxorubicin. In both types of organoids, cell cycle, the p53 signalling pathway, and oxidative stress were the most affected pathways. However, significant differences between colon and SI organoids were evident, particularly in essential metabolic pathways. Short time-series expression miner was used to further explore temporal changes in gene profiles, which identified distinct tissue responses. Finally, in silico proteomics revealed important proteins involved in doxorubicin metabolism and cellular processes that were in line with the transcriptomic responses, including cell cycle and senescence, transport of molecules, and mitochondria impairment. This study provides new insight into doxorubicin-induced effects on the gene expression levels in the intestines. Currently, we are exploring the potential use of these data in establishing quantitative systems toxicology models for the prediction of drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luke Coyle
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (L.C.); (S.-W.C.)
| | - Barbara Füzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK; (S.F.); (H.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Heeseung Jo
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK; (S.F.); (H.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Bram Herpers
- Crown Bioscience Netherlands B.V., J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Seung-Wook Chung
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (L.C.); (S.-W.C.)
| | - Ciarán Fisher
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK; (S.F.); (H.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Jos C. S. Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Danyel Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.C.S.K.); (D.J.); (T.M.d.K.)
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18
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Wang JY, Lao J, Luo Y, Guo JJ, Cheng H, Zhang HY, Yao J, Ma XP, Wang B. Integrative Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Profiling Data Reveals Candidate Methylation-Regulated Genes in Hepatoblastoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9419-9431. [PMID: 34908869 PMCID: PMC8664605 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s331178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to identify novel methylation-regulated genes as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for hepatoblastoma (HB). Materials and Methods The DNA methylation data of 19 HB tumor samples and 10 normal liver samples from the GSE78732 dataset and gene expression profiling data of 53 HB tumor samples and 14 normal liver samples from the GSE131329 dataset and 31 HB tumor samples and 32 normal liver samples from the GSE133039 dataset were downloaded form the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Next, differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Venn diagrams were used to identify methylation-regulated genes. The VarElect online tool was selected to identify key methylation-regulated genes, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to show the interactions among key methylation-regulated genes and DEGs. Finally, Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the potential regulatory mechanisms of key methylation-regulated genes. Results A total of 457 DMGs and 1597 DEGs were identified between the HB and normal liver samples. After DMGs and DEGs overlapping, 22 hypomethylated and upregulated genes and 19 hypermethylated and downregulated genes in HB were screened. Survival analysis revealed that 13 methylation-regulated genes were associated with the prognosis of liver cancer. Moreover, SPP1, UHRF1, and HEY1 were selected as the key DNA methylation-regulated genes. The PPI network revealed that all of them could affect TP53, while both UHRF1 and HEY1 could influence BMP4. Enrichment analysis suggested that the DEGs were involved in TP53-related pathways, including the cell cycle and p53 signaling pathway. Finally, SPP1, UHRF1, and HEY1 were hypomethylated and upregulated in the HB samples compared with those in the normal liver samples. Conclusion SPP1, UHRE1, and HEY1 may play important roles in HB and be used as biomarkers for its diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518026, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lao
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, 518026, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Luo
- Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519090, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jie Guo
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, 518026, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, 518026, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, 518026, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Peng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518026, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518026, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select null#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select null,null,null,null,null,null#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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22
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select null,null,null,null,null,null,null-- lvco] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null-- foap] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select 16,16,16,16,16,concat(0x716b6a7071,0x53626858706e68556454,0x7178767871),16,16,16,16#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select 16,16,16,concat(0x716b6a7071,0x6d73444b675570455555,0x7178767871),16,16,16,16,16,16#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,concat(0x716b6a7071,0x4676717248704b675778,0x7178767871),null#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select 16,16,16,concat(0x716b6a7071,0x6b6e754f54436f795551654a677441695869687a63736c685366707253435553414b554651546c6a,0x7178767871),16,16,16,16,16,16#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select null,null,null,null,null,concat(0x716b6a7071,0x6661577761656e567a64,0x7178767871),null,null,null,null#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select 16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,concat(0x716b6a7071,0x5a4d42416955786c58706f624a676258746b5a59706f726442475877545a4a657652577a766c4d62,0x7178767871),16#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 waitfor delay '0:0:5'-- oive] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 and sleep(5)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select null,null,null,null,null,null,null#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select null,null,null,null,null#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null-- voia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 and 5278=(select 5278 from pg_sleep(5))-- oacw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 and 8629=8629-- ckeq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 order by 1-- ppbb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 and 7526=(select 7526 from pg_sleep(5))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 and 7526=(select 7526 from pg_sleep(5))-- biux] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select null,null,null,null,null,null,null-- yonb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 and 1209=1209-- ogjw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select null,null,concat(0x716b6a7071,0x694a6a6c4e6355667567634e63614c4f6e4667784273756f4f4c6b5065786149666742764c576467,0x7178767871),null,null,null,null,null,null,null#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select 16,16,16,16,concat(0x716b6a7071,0x6859657345734f787a44524643456f697968557a6a68457a47434b7072764d577271616e544c7161,0x7178767871),16,16,16,16,16#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select null,null,null,null,null,null,concat(0x716b6a7071,0x43574a73547a567077526274524b6c794e766f49454561546550707958764b65474b4c734c617854,0x7178767871),null,null,null#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135 union all select 16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,concat(0x716b6a7071,0x746f7277677a52445471,0x7178767871),16#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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