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Cruz SP, Zhang Q, Devarajan R, Paia C, Luo B, Zhang K, Koivusalo S, Qin L, Xia J, Ahtikoski A, Vaarala M, Wenta T, Wei G, Manninen A. Dampened Regulatory Circuitry of TEAD1/ITGA1/ITGA2 Promotes TGFβ1 Signaling to Orchestrate Prostate Cancer Progression. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2305547. [PMID: 38169150 PMCID: PMC10953553 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes substantial changes during prostate cancer (PCa) progression, thereby regulating PCa growth and invasion. Herein, a meta-analysis of multiple PCa cohorts is performed which revealed that downregulation or genomic loss of ITGA1 and ITGA2 integrin genes is associated with tumor progression and worse prognosis. Genomic deletion of both ITGA1 and ITGA2 activated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in benign prostate epithelial cells, thereby enhancing their invasive potential in vitro and converting them into tumorigenic cells in vivo. Mechanistically, EMT is induced by enhanced secretion and autocrine activation of TGFβ1 and nuclear targeting of YAP1. An unbiased genome-wide co-expression analysis of large PCa cohort datasets identified the transcription factor TEAD1 as a key regulator of ITGA1 and ITGA2 expression in PCa cells while TEAD1 loss phenocopied the dual loss of α1- and α2-integrins in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, clinical data analysis revealed that TEAD1 downregulation or genomic loss is associated with aggressive PCa and together with low ITGA1 and ITGA2 expression synergistically impacted PCa prognosis and progression. This study thus demonstrated that loss of α1- and α2-integrins, either via deletion/inactivation of the ITGA1/ITGA2 locus or via loss of TEAD1, contributes to PCa progression by inducing TGFβ1-driven EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P. Cruz
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
| | - Qin Zhang
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
| | - Raman Devarajan
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
| | - Christos Paia
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
| | - Binjie Luo
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
| | - Kai Zhang
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
| | - Saara Koivusalo
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
| | - Longguang Qin
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
| | - Jihan Xia
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
| | - Anne Ahtikoski
- Departments of Urology, Pathology and Radiology, and Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
| | - Markku Vaarala
- Departments of Urology, Pathology and Radiology, and Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
| | - Tomasz Wenta
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of GdanskJana Bażyńskiego 8Gdańsk80–309Poland
| | - Gong‐Hong Wei
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical College of Fudan University138 Yi Xue Yuan RoadShanghai200032China
| | - Aki Manninen
- Disease Networks Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluAapistie 5aOulu90220Finland
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Al‐Sa'd M, Vanhatalo S, Tokariev A. Multiplex dynamic networks in the newborn brain disclose latent links with neurobehavioral phenotypes. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26610. [PMID: 38339895 PMCID: PMC10839739 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The higher brain functions arise from coordinated neural activity between distinct brain regions, but the spatial, temporal, and spectral complexity of these functional connectivity networks (FCNs) has challenged the identification of correlates with neurobehavioral phenotypes. Characterizing behavioral correlates of early life FCNs is important to understand the activity dependent emergence of neurodevelopmental performance and for improving health outcomes. Here, we develop an analysis pipeline for identifying multiplex dynamic FCNs that combine spectral and spatiotemporal characteristics of the newborn cortical activity. This data-driven approach automatically uncovers latent networks that show robust neurobehavioral correlations and consistent effects by in utero drug exposure. Altogether, the proposed pipeline provides a robust end-to-end solution for an objective assessment and quantitation of neurobehaviorally meaningful network constellations in the highly dynamic cortical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al‐Sa'd
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS imaging, HUS Diagnostic CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication SciencesTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS imaging, HUS Diagnostic CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Anton Tokariev
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, HUS imaging, HUS Diagnostic CenterUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Tolonen JP, Parolin Schnekenberg R, McGowan S, Sims D, McEntagart M, Elmslie F, Shears D, Stewart H, Tofaris GK, Dabir T, Morrison PJ, Johnson D, Hadjivassiliou M, Ellard S, Shaw‐Smith C, Znaczko A, Dixit A, Suri M, Sarkar A, Harrison RE, Jones G, Houlden H, Ceravolo G, Jarvis J, Williams J, Shanks ME, Clouston P, Rankin J, Blumkin L, Lerman‐Sagie T, Ponger P, Raskin S, Granath K, Uusimaa J, Conti H, McCann E, Joss S, Blakes AJ, Metcalfe K, Kingston H, Bertoli M, Kneen R, Lynch SA, Martínez Albaladejo I, Moore AP, Jones WD, Becker EB, Németh AH. Detailed Analysis of ITPR1 Missense Variants Guides Diagnostics and Therapeutic Design. Mov Disord 2024; 39:141-151. [PMID: 37964426 PMCID: PMC10952845 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ITPR1 gene encodes the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 ) receptor type 1 (IP3 R1), a critical player in cerebellar intracellular calcium signaling. Pathogenic missense variants in ITPR1 cause congenital spinocerebellar ataxia type 29 (SCA29), Gillespie syndrome (GLSP), and severe pontine/cerebellar hypoplasia. The pathophysiological basis of the different phenotypes is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify novel SCA29 and GLSP cases to define core phenotypes, describe the spectrum of missense variation across ITPR1, standardize the ITPR1 variant nomenclature, and investigate disease progression in relation to cerebellar atrophy. METHODS Cases were identified using next-generation sequencing through the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study, the 100,000 Genomes project, and clinical collaborations. ITPR1 alternative splicing in the human cerebellum was investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We report the largest, multinational case series of 46 patients with 28 unique ITPR1 missense variants. Variants clustered in functional domains of the protein, especially in the N-terminal IP3 -binding domain, the carbonic anhydrase 8 (CA8)-binding region, and the C-terminal transmembrane channel domain. Variants outside these domains were of questionable clinical significance. Standardized transcript annotation, based on our ITPR1 transcript expression data, greatly facilitated analysis. Genotype-phenotype associations were highly variable. Importantly, while cerebellar atrophy was common, cerebellar volume loss did not correlate with symptom progression. CONCLUSIONS This dataset represents the largest cohort of patients with ITPR1 missense variants, expanding the clinical spectrum of SCA29 and GLSP. Standardized transcript annotation is essential for future reporting. Our findings will aid in diagnostic interpretation in the clinic and guide selection of variants for preclinical studies. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Pekka Tolonen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience DiscoveryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ricardo Parolin Schnekenberg
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Center for Genomic MedicineOxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Simon McGowan
- Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - David Sims
- Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Meriel McEntagart
- South West Regional Genetics ServiceSt. George's University HospitalsLondonUK
| | - Frances Elmslie
- South West Regional Genetics ServiceSt. George's University HospitalsLondonUK
| | - Debbie Shears
- Oxford Center for Genomic MedicineOxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Helen Stewart
- Oxford Center for Genomic MedicineOxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - George K. Tofaris
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience DiscoveryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Tabib Dabir
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics ServiceBelfast City HospitalBelfastUK
| | - Patrick J. Morrison
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Diana Johnson
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics ServiceSheffield Children's NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
| | - Marios Hadjivassiliou
- Department of NeurologyRoyal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
| | - Sian Ellard
- Exeter Genomics LaboratoryRoyal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Charles Shaw‐Smith
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon University HospitalRoyal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
| | - Anna Znaczko
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon University HospitalRoyal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
| | - Abhijit Dixit
- Department of Clinical GeneticsNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK
| | - Mohnish Suri
- Department of Clinical GeneticsNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK
| | - Ajoy Sarkar
- Department of Clinical GeneticsNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK
| | - Rachel E. Harrison
- Department of Clinical GeneticsNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK
| | - Gabriela Jones
- Department of Clinical GeneticsNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Giorgia Ceravolo
- Department of Neuromuscular DisordersUCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUK
- Unit of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Adult and Childhood Human PathologyUniversity Hospital of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Joanna Jarvis
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Oxford Regional Genetics Laboratory, Churchill HospitalOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Morag E. Shanks
- Oxford Regional Genetics Laboratory, Churchill HospitalOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Penny Clouston
- Oxford Regional Genetics Laboratory, Churchill HospitalOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Julia Rankin
- Department of Clinical GeneticsRoyal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
| | - Lubov Blumkin
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Service, Pediatric Neurology UnitEdith Wolfson Medical CenterHolonIsrael
| | - Tally Lerman‐Sagie
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Magen Center for Rare Diseases‐Metabolic, NeurogeneticWolfson Medical CenterHolonIsrael
| | - Penina Ponger
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of NeurologyTel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Salmo Raskin
- Genetika Centro de Aconselhamento e LaboratórioCuritibaBrazil
| | - Katariina Granath
- Research Unit of Clinical MedicineMedical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- Research Unit of Clinical MedicineMedical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Hector Conti
- All Wales Medical Genomics ServiceWrexham Maelor HospitalWrexhamUK
| | - Emma McCann
- Liverpool Women's Hospital Foundation TrustLiverpoolUK
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Centre for Genomic MedicineQueen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
| | - Alexander J.M. Blakes
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of BiologyMedicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic MedicineUniversity of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Kay Metcalfe
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of BiologyMedicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic MedicineUniversity of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Helen Kingston
- Manchester Centre for Genomic MedicineUniversity of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Marta Bertoli
- Northern Genetics ServiceInternational Centre for LifeNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Rachel Kneen
- Department of NeurologyAlder Hey Children's NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolUK
| | - Sally Ann Lynch
- Department of Clinical GeneticsChildren's Health Ireland (CHI) at CrumlinDublinIreland
| | | | | | - Wendy D. Jones
- North East Thames Regional Genetics ServiceGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | - Esther B.E. Becker
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience DiscoveryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Andrea H. Németh
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Center for Genomic MedicineOxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of OxfordOxfordUK
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Luiro K, Auvinen AM, Auvinen J, Jokelainen J, Järvelä I, Knip M, Tapanainen JS. Autoantibodies predict type 1 diabetes after gestational diabetes - a 23-year cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1286375. [PMID: 38192417 PMCID: PMC10773701 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the predictive value of autoantibodies for type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes morbidity after gestational diabetes (GDM) in a 23-year follow-up study. Design Prospective population-based cohort study. Methods We studied 391 women with GDM, and 391 age- and parity-matched controls, who delivered in 1984-1994. Four autoantibodies were analysed in first-trimester blood samples: islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs), glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADAs), insulin autoantibodies (IAAs) and insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies (IA-2As). Two follow-up questionnaires (1995-1996, 2012-2013) were sent to assess development of T1DM and T2DM. Predictive value of autoantibodies and clinical factors were analysed by conditional linear regression and ROC analyses. Results Single autoantibody positivity was detected in 12% (41/342) of the GDM cohort and in 2.3% (8/353) of the control cohort. In the GDM cohort, 2.6% (9/342) tested positive for two autoantibodies and 2.3% (8/342) for three autoantibodies, whereas only one subject in the control cohort had two autoantibodies. ICA positivity was found in 12.5% of the cases, followed by GADA (6.0%), IA-2A (4.9%) and IAA (1.2%). In the control cohort, GADA positivity was found in 1.4%, IA-2A in 0.8%, IAA in 0.6%, and ICA in 0.3% of the subjects. Detection of ICA, GADA and/or IA-2A autoantibodies decreased T1DM-free survival time and time to diagnosis. All subjects with three positive autoantibodies developed T1DM within seven years from the GDM pregnancy. Development of T2DM after GDM occurred independent of autoantibody positivity. Conclusion Development of T1DM can be reliably predicted with GADA and ICA autoantibodies during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisu Luiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maaria Auvinen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Jokelainen
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilkka Järvelä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha S. Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HFR – Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg and University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Pak K, Nummenmaa L. Brain dopamine receptor system is not altered in obesity: Bayesian and frequentist meta-analyses. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6552-6560. [PMID: 37950852 PMCID: PMC10681634 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding induces dopamine release in the striatum, and a dysfunction of the dopaminergic reward system can lead to overeating, and obesity. Studies have reported inconsistent findings of dopamine receptor (DR) positron emission tomography scans in obesity. Here we investigated the association between DR availability and overweight/obesity using Bayesian and frequentist meta-analysis. We performed a systematic search of Embase, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science for studies that compared striatal DR availability between lean subjects and overweight/obese subjects. The standardized mean difference (Hedge's g) of DR availability was calculated after extraction of data from each study. Studies were divided into two groups according to the definition of overweight/obese subjects (body mass index [BMI] cutoff of 25 and 30 kg/m2 ). Both Bayesian and frequentist meta-analysis was done in R Statistical Software version 4.2.2 (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing). Nine studies were eligible for inclusion in this study. Three studies with C11-raclopride, one with C11-PNHO, two with F18-fallypride, one with I123-IBZM, one with C11-NMB and one with both C11-raclopride and C11-PNHO were included. In Bayesian meta-analysis, the standardized mean difference of DR availability between lean and overweight/obese subjects markedly overlapped with zero regardless of BMI cutoff for obesity. In frequentist meta-analysis, the pooled standardized mean difference of DR availability did not show the significant difference between lean and overweight/obese subjects. There was an effect of the radiopharmaceutical on the standardized mean difference of DR availability in meta-analysis of BMI cutoff of 25 kg/m2 . In conclusion, brain DR availability is not different between lean and overweight/obese subjects. However, the effect is dependent on the radiopharmaceutical and the degree of obesity. Further studies with multi-radiopharmaceutical in the same individuals are needed to understand the association between DR and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalBusanRepublic of Korea
- School of MedicinePusan National UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Turku PET CentreTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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Jansson Sigfrids F, Groop PH. Progression and regression of kidney disease in type 1 diabetes. Front Nephrol 2023; 3:1282818. [PMID: 38192517 PMCID: PMC10773897 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1282818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is distinguished by the presence of albuminuria, hypertension, declining kidney function, and a markedly elevated cardiovascular disease risk. This constellation of clinical features drives the premature mortality associated with type 1 diabetes. The first epidemiological investigations concerning type 1 diabetes-related albuminuria date back to the 1980s. The early studies found that proteinuria - largely equivalent to severe albuminuria - developed in 35 to 45% of individuals with type 1 diabetes, with the diabetes duration-specific incidence rate pattern portraying one or two peaks. Furthermore, moderate albuminuria, the first detectable sign of diabetic kidney disease, was found to nearly inexorably progress to overt kidney disease within a short span of time. Since the early reports, studies presenting more updated incidence rates have appeared, although significant limitations such as study populations that lack broad generalizability, study designs vulnerable to substantive selection bias, and constrained follow-up times have been encountered by many. Nevertheless, the most recent reports estimate that in modern times, moderate - instead of severe - albuminuria develops in one-third of individuals with type 1 diabetes; yet, a considerable part (up to 40% during the first ten years after the initial albuminuria diagnosis) progresses to more advanced stages of the disease over time. An alternative pathway to albuminuria progression is its regression, which affects up to 60% of the individuals, but notably, the relapse rate to a more advanced disease stage is high. Whether albuminuria regression translates into a decline in cardiovascular disease and premature mortality risk is an area of debate, warranting more detailed research in the future. Another unclear but alarming feature is that although the incidence of severe albuminuria has fallen since the 1930s, the decline seems to have reached a plateau after the 1980s. This stagnation may be due to the lack of kidney-protective medicines since the early 1980s, as the recent breakthroughs in type 2 diabetes have not been applicable to type 1 diabetes. Therefore, novel treatment strategies are at high priority within this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Jansson Sigfrids
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Åberg F, Shang Y, Strandberg R, Wester A, Widman L, Hagström H. Four-fold increased mortality rate in patients with Wilson's disease: A population-based cohort study of 151 patients. United European Gastroenterol J 2023; 11:852-860. [PMID: 37632157 PMCID: PMC10637123 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few studies have investigated mortality rates in patients with Wilson's disease and compared these to the general population. Here, we examined several clinical outcomes (including cardiovascular, psychiatric, neurologic conditions) in a population-based study of patients with Wilson's disease. METHOD We used nationwide registers to identify all patients with a first diagnosis of Wilson's disease between 2002 and 2020 in Sweden. Each patient was matched by age, sex, and municipality with up to 10 reference individuals from the general population. Validated registers were used to investigate outcomes up to 19 years after baseline in patients and reference individuals. RESULTS We identified 151 patients with Wilson's disease matched with 1441 reference individuals. Median age at baseline was 26 years (IQR 17-42) and 50% were males. During a median follow-up of 6.6 years (IQR 2.9-12.9), 10 (6.6%) patients with Wilson's disease died compared with 31 (2.2%) reference individuals. This translated to a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.8 (95%CI = 1.8-8.1). Mortality was higher among Wilson's disease patients with baseline neuropsychiatric diagnoses (HR 7.9, 95%CI = 2.9-21.8). Cumulative mortality over 10 years was 9.3% (95%CI = 5.0-16.8) in Wilson's disease, compared to 2.4% (95%CI = 1.6-3.6) in reference individuals. We observed significantly elevated risks in the Wilson's disease group for incident cardiovascular disease, and incident psychiatric and neurological conditions when considering liver transplantation or death from other causes as competing events. CONCLUSION In this large population-based cohort study, patients with Wilson's disease had an almost four-fold increased mortality rate compared with matched individuals from the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver SurgeryHelsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ying Shang
- Department of MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Axel Wester
- Department of MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Linnea Widman
- Department of MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Department of MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Division of HepatologyDepartment of Upper GIKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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Hurme P, Sahla R, Rückert B, Vahlberg T, Turunen R, Vuorinen T, Akdis M, Söderlund‐Venermo M, Akdis C, Jartti T. Human bocavirus 1 coinfection is associated with decreased cytokine expression in the rhinovirus-induced first wheezing episode in children. Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12311. [PMID: 38006383 PMCID: PMC10642552 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV)-induced first wheezing episodes in children are associated with a markedly increased risk of asthma. Previous studies have suggested that human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) may modify RV-induced immune responses in young children. We investigated cytokine profiles of sole RV- and dual RV-HBoV1-induced first wheezing episodes, and their association with severity and prognosis. METHODS Fifty-two children infected with only RV and nine children infected with dual RV-HBoV1, aged 3-23 months, with severe first wheezing episodes were recruited. At acute illness and 2 weeks later, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 in vitro. Multiplex ELISA was used to quantitatively identify 56 different cytokines at both study points. Patients were prospectively followed for 4 years. RESULTS The mean age of the children was 14.3 months, and 30% were sensitized. During the acute illness, the adjusted analyses revealed a decrease in the expression of IL-1b, MIP-1b, Regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (CCL5), TNF-a, TARC, and ENA-78 in the RV-HBoV1 group compared with the RV group. In the convalescence phase, the RV-HBoV1 group was characterized by decreased expression of Fractalkine, MCP-3, and IL-8 compared to the RV group. Furthermore, the hospitalization time was associated with the virus group and cytokine response (interaction p < 0.05), signifying that increased levels of epidermal growth factor and MIP-1b were related with a shorter duration of hospitalization in the RV-HBoV1 coinfection group but not in the RV group. CONCLUSIONS Different cytokine response profiles were detected between the RV and the RV-HBoV1 groups. Our results show the idea that RV-induced immune responses may be suppressed by HBoV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Hurme
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University HospitalUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Reetta Sahla
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University HospitalUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Beate Rückert
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZürichChristine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Riitta Turunen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University HospitalUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- New Children's HospitalHelsinki University HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tytti Vuorinen
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Clinical MicrobiologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZürichChristine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
| | | | - Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZürichChristine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University HospitalUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Research Unit of Clinical MedicineMedical Research CenterUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
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9
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Parhiala M, Nøjgaard C, Bartholdy A, Waage A, Ignatavičius P, Engjom T, Dimcevski G, Nordaas IK, Kalaitzakis E, Drewes AM, Hadi A, Olesen SS, Poulsen JL, Laukkarinen J. Quality of life after endoscopic procedures for chronic pancreatitis: A multicentre study. United European Gastroenterol J 2023; 11:884-893. [PMID: 37812591 PMCID: PMC10637126 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Pancreatitis (CP) causes morphological changes in the pancreatic tissue, leading to complications and pain, which may require endoscopic interventions. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine the frequency of endoscopic procedures (EP) in CP patients and to analyse pain and quality of life (QoL) in these patients after their EP. METHODS This study included 1327 CP patients from the Scandinavian Baltic Pancreatic Club (SBPC) database including four countries and eight centres. We analysed patients undergoing EPs and gathered information on the EP, pancreatic function, pain, disease and duration. The EORTC C-30 QoL questionnaire was gathered prospectively and multivariable analysis was conducted on independent parameters between the groups. The reference population had no interventions (n = 870). RESULTS 260 CP patients (22%) underwent EPs, median one year (range 0-39 years) after CP diagnosis. 68% were males. The median age was 59 (20-90) years. Most common aetiological factors were alcohol in 65% and smoking in 71%. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was used in 6% of the CP population and in 21% of the EP group. Biliary duct stenting was performed on 37% and pancreatic stenting was performed on 56% of the patients. There was no difference in pain patterns between patients who had pancreatic stenting and the reference population. The EP group had slightly better QoL (p = 0.047), functioning and fewer symptoms than the reference population, in the multivariable analysis there was no interaction effect analysis between the groups. The pancreatic stent group had better QoL and the same amount of pain than the reference group. The patients who needed later surgery (23%) had more pain (p = 0.043) and fatigue (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS One in five of the CP patients underwent EP. These patients scored higher on QoL responses and had better symptom scores. CP patients who had pancreatic stenting performed had the same pain patterns as the reference population. Randomised prospective trials are needed to determine the effect of endoscopy procedures on CP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Parhiala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract SurgeryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Camilla Nøjgaard
- Pancreatitis Centre East (PACE)Copenhagen University Hospital HvidovreCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Andreas Bartholdy
- Pancreatitis Centre East (PACE)Copenhagen University Hospital HvidovreCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anne Waage
- Department of SurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | | | - Trond Engjom
- Department of GastroenterologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Georg Dimcevski
- Department of GastroenterologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | | | - Evangelos Kalaitzakis
- Division of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Center KBispebjerg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Asbjørn M. Drewes
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCentre for Pancreatic DiseasesAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Amer Hadi
- Division of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Center KBispebjerg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Søren S. Olesen
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCentre for Pancreatic DiseasesAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Jakob L. Poulsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCentre for Pancreatic DiseasesAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Johanna Laukkarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract SurgeryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
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10
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Kaljunen H, Taavitsainen S, Kaarijärvi R, Takala E, Paakinaho V, Nykter M, Bova GS, Ketola K. Fanconi anemia pathway regulation by FANCI in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1260826. [PMID: 38023254 PMCID: PMC10643534 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1260826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death among men worldwide, and thus, research on the genetic factors enabling the formation of treatment-resistant cancer cells is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Here, we report a cell line-specific dependence on FANCI and related signaling pathways to counteract the effects of DNA-damaging chemotherapy in prostate cancer. Our results reveal that FANCI depletion results in significant downregulation of Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway members in prostate cancer cells, indicating that FANCI is an important regulator of the FA pathway. Furthermore, we found that FANCI silencing reduces proliferation in p53-expressing prostate cancer cells. This extends the evidence that inactivation of FANCI may convert cancer cells from a resistant state to an eradicable state under the stress of DNA-damaging chemotherapy. Our results also indicate that high expression of FA pathway genes correlates with poorer survival in prostate cancer patients. Moreover, genomic alterations of FA pathway members are prevalent in prostate adenocarcinoma patients; mutation and copy number information for the FA pathway genes in seven patient cohorts (N = 1,732 total tumor samples) reveals that 1,025 (59.2%) tumor samples have an alteration in at least one of the FA pathway genes, suggesting that genomic alteration of the pathway is a prominent feature in patients with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Kaljunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sinja Taavitsainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Roosa Kaarijärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eerika Takala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Paakinaho
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - G. Steven Bova
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi Ketola
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Denisova OV, Merisaari J, Huhtaniemi R, Qiao X, Yetukuri L, Jumppanen M, Kaur A, Pääkkönen M, von Schantz‐Fant С, Ohlmeyer M, Wennerberg K, Kauko O, Koch R, Aittokallio T, Taipale M, Westermarck J. PP2A-based triple-strike therapy overcomes mitochondrial apoptosis resistance in brain cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1803-1820. [PMID: 37458534 PMCID: PMC10483611 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial glycolysis and hyperactivity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (AKT) pathway are hallmarks of malignant brain tumors. However, kinase inhibitors targeting AKT (AKTi) or the glycolysis master regulator pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDKi) have failed to provide clinical benefits for brain tumor patients. Here, we demonstrate that heterogeneous glioblastoma (GB) and medulloblastoma (MB) cell lines display only cytostatic responses to combined AKT and PDK targeting. Biochemically, the combined AKT and PDK inhibition resulted in the shutdown of both target pathways and priming to mitochondrial apoptosis but failed to induce apoptosis. In contrast, all tested brain tumor cell models were sensitive to a triplet therapy, in which AKT and PDK inhibition was combined with the pharmacological reactivation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by NZ-8-061 (also known as DT-061), DBK-1154, and DBK-1160. We also provide proof-of-principle evidence for in vivo efficacy in the intracranial GB and MB models by the brain-penetrant triplet therapy (AKTi + PDKi + PP2A reactivator). Mechanistically, PP2A reactivation converted the cytostatic AKTi + PDKi response to cytotoxic apoptosis, through PP2A-elicited shutdown of compensatory mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and by increased proton leakage. These results encourage the development of triple-strike strategies targeting mitochondrial metabolism to overcome therapy tolerance in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana V. Denisova
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | - Joni Merisaari
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuFinland
| | - Riikka Huhtaniemi
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | - Xi Qiao
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | - Laxman Yetukuri
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE)University of OsloNorway
| | - Mikael Jumppanen
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | - Mirva Pääkkönen
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | | | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Atux Iskay LLCPlainsboroNJUSA
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- Biotech Research & Innovation CentreUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Otto Kauko
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | | | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE)University of OsloNorway
- Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalNorway
| | - Mikko Taipale
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoCanada
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuFinland
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12
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Lampinen V, Gröhn S, Soppela S, Blazevic V, Hytönen VP, Hankaniemi MM. SpyTag/SpyCatcher display of influenza M2e peptide on norovirus-like particle provides stronger immunization than direct genetic fusion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1216364. [PMID: 37424789 PMCID: PMC10323135 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1216364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Virus-like particles (VLPs) are similar in size and shape to their respective viruses, but free of viral genetic material. This makes VLP-based vaccines incapable of causing infection, but still effective in mounting immune responses. Noro-VLPs consist of 180 copies of the VP1 capsid protein. The particle tolerates C-terminal fusion partners, and VP1 fused with a C-terminal SpyTag self-assembles into a VLP with SpyTag protruding from its surface, enabling conjugation of antigens via SpyCatcher. Methods To compare SpyCatcher-mediated coupling and direct peptide fusion in experimental vaccination, we genetically fused the ectodomain of influenza matrix-2 protein (M2e) directly on the C-terminus of norovirus VP1 capsid protein. VLPs decorated with SpyCatcher-M2e and VLPs with direct M2 efusion were used to immunize mice. Results and discussion We found that direct genetic fusion of M2e on noro-VLP raised few M2e antibodies in the mouse model, presumably because the short linker positions the peptide between the protruding domains of noro-VLP, limiting its accessibility. On the other hand, adding aluminum hydroxide adjuvant to the previously described SpyCatcher-M2e-decorated noro-VLP vaccine gave a strong response against M2e. Surprisingly, simple SpyCatcher-fused M2e without VLP display also functioned as a potent immunogen, which suggests that the commonly used protein linker SpyCatcher-SpyTag may serve a second role as an activator of the immune system in vaccine preparations. Based on the measured anti-M2e antibodies and cellular responses, both SpyCatcher-M2e as well as M2e presented on the noro-VLP via SpyTag/Catcher show potential for the development of universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vili Lampinen
- Protein Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Virology and Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stina Gröhn
- Virology and Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saana Soppela
- Virology and Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesna Blazevic
- Vaccine Development and Immunology/Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Protein Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna M. Hankaniemi
- Virology and Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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13
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Nousiainen R, Eloranta K, Isoaho N, Cairo S, Wilson DB, Heikinheimo M, Pihlajoki M. UBE2C expression is elevated in hepatoblastoma and correlates with inferior patient survival. Front Genet 2023; 14:1170940. [PMID: 37377594 PMCID: PMC10291054 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1170940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor among children. To gain insight into the pathobiology of HB, we performed RNA sequence analysis on 5 patient-derived xenograft lines (HB-243, HB-279, HB-282, HB-284, HB-295) and 1 immortalized cell line (HUH6). Using cultured hepatocytes as a control, we found 2,868 genes that were differentially expressed in all of the HB lines on mRNA level. The most upregulated genes were ODAM, TRIM71, and IGDCC3, and the most downregulated were SAA1, SAA2, and NNMT. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified ubiquitination as a key pathway dysregulated in HB. UBE2C, encoding an E2 ubiquitin ligase often overexpressed in cancer cells, was markedly upregulated in 5 of the 6 HB cell lines. Validation studies confirmed UBE2C immunostaining in 20 of 25 HB tumor specimens versus 1 of 6 normal liver samples. The silencing of UBE2C in two HB cell models resulted in decreased cell viability. RNA sequencing analysis showed alterations in cell cycle regulation after UBE2C knockdown. UBE2C expression in HB correlated with inferior patient survival. We conclude that UBE2C may hold prognostic utility in HB and that the ubiquitin pathway is a potential therapeutic target in this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nousiainen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Eloranta
- Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Isoaho
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Cairo
- Champions Oncology, Hackensack, NJ, United States
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Padova, Italy
- XenTech, Evry, France
| | - David B. Wilson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Enlund-Cerullo M, Holmlund-Suila E, Valkama S, Hauta-alus H, Rosendahl J, Andersson S, Pekkinen M, Mäkitie O. Variation in the fibroblast growth factor 23 ( FGF23) gene associates with serum FGF23 and bone strength in infants. Front Genet 2023; 14:1192368. [PMID: 37284066 PMCID: PMC10240082 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1192368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The effects of genetic variation in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are unclear. This study explores the associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FGF23 with phosphate and vitamin D metabolism and bone strength in early childhood. Methods: The study is part of the vitamin D intervention in infant (VIDI) trial (2013-2016), in which healthy term infants born to mothers of Northern European origin received vitamin D3 supplementation of 10 or 30 μg/day from 2 weeks to 24 months of age (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01723852). Intact and C-terminal FGF23 (cFGF23), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), parathyroid hormone, phosphate, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)-derived bone strength parameters were analyzed at 12 and 24 months. The study included 622 VIDI participants with genotyping data on FGF23 SNPs rs7955866, rs11063112, and rs13312770. Results: Rs7955866 minor allele homozygotes had lowest cFGF23 at both time-points (mixed model for repeated measurements, pvariant = 0.009). Minor alleles of rs11063112 were associated with a greater age-related decrease in phosphate concentration (pinteraction = 0.038) from 12 to 24 months. Heterozygotes of rs13312770 had the greatest total bone mineral content (total BMC), cross-sectional area (total CSA), and polar moment of inertia (PMI) at 24 months (ANOVA p = 0.005, 0.037, and 0.036, respectively). Rs13312770 minor alleles were associated with a greater increase of total BMC, but a smaller increase of total CSA and PMI, during follow-up (pinteraction <0.001, 0.043, and 0.012, respectively). Genotype of FGF23 did not modify 25-OHD. Conclusion: The study finds that genetic variation in FGF23 modifies cFGF23, phosphate, and pQCT-derived bone strength parameters from 12 to 24 months of age. These findings potentially promote an understanding of the regulation of FGF23 and its role in bone metabolism and temporal changes thereof during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Enlund-Cerullo
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Holmlund-Suila
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Valkama
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Hauta-alus
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jenni Rosendahl
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Pekkinen
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Koivikko T, Rodrigues PC, Vehviläinen M, Hyvönen P, Sundquist E, Arffman RK, Al-Samadi A, Välimaa H, Salo T, Risteli M. Detection of herpes simplex virus in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1182152. [PMID: 37234716 PMCID: PMC10208399 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1182152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common cancer of the oral cavity. Contradictory results have been observed on the involvement of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Here, we aimed to study the predominance of HSV-1 or HSV-2 in oral HSV infections and to investigate the presence of HSV-1 in OTSCC and its effect on carcinoma cell viability and invasion. Methods: The distribution of HSV types one and two in diagnostic samples taken from suspected oral HSV infections was determined from the Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory database. We then analysed 67 OTSCC samples for HSV-1 infection using immunohistochemical staining. We further tested the effects of HSV-1 using six concentrations (0.00001-1.0 multiplicity of infection [MOI]) on viability and two concentrations (0.001 and 0.1 MOI) on invasion of highly invasive metastatic HSC-3 and less invasive primary SCC-25 OTSCC cell lines using MTT and Myogel-coated Transwell invasion assays. Results: Altogether 321 oropharyngeal samples were diagnosed positive for HSV during the study period. HSV-1 was the predominant (97.8%) HSV type compared with HSV-2 (detected in 2.2% of samples). HSV-1 was also detected in 24% of the OTSCC samples and had no association with patient survival or recurrence. OTSCC cells were viable even after 6 days with low viral load (0.00001, 0.0001, 0.001 MOI) of HSV-1. In both cell lines, 0.001 MOI did not affect cell invasion. However, 0.1 MOI significantly reduced cell invasion in HSC-3 cells. Discussion: HSV-1 infection is predominant compared with HSV-2 in the oral cavity. HSV-1 is detected in OTSCC samples without clinical significance, and OTSCC cell survival or invasion was not affected at low doses of HSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Koivikko
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Priscila Campioni Rodrigues
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari Vehviläinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra Hyvönen
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Finnish Student Health Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elias Sundquist
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riikka K. Arffman
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Välimaa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUSLAB, Department of Virology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Risteli
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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16
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Hurme A, Jalkanen P, Marttila-Vaara M, Heroum J, Jokinen H, Vara S, Liedes O, Lempainen J, Melin M, Julkunen I, Kainulainen L. T cell immunity following COVID-19 vaccination in adult patients with primary antibody deficiency - a 22-month follow-up. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146500. [PMID: 37234151 PMCID: PMC10206403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary antibody deficiencies, such as common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), are heterogenous disease entities consisting of primary hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired antibody responses to vaccination and natural infection. CVID is the most common primary immunodeficiency in adults, presenting with recurrent bacterial infections, enteropathy, autoimmune disorders, interstitial lung diseases and increased risk of malignancies. Patients with CVID are recommended to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, but there are relatively few studies investigating humoral and cellular responses to immunization. We studied the dynamics of humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses up to 22 months in 28 patients with primary immunodeficiency and three patients with secondary immunodeficiency receiving ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines. Despite inadequate humoral response to immunization, we demonstrate a robust T cell activation likely protecting from severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Hurme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Pinja Jalkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Marttila-Vaara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jemna Heroum
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Jokinen
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saimi Vara
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oona Liedes
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Lempainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Merit Melin
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Kainulainen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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17
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Sievänen T, Korhonen T, Jokela T, Ahtiainen M, Lahtinen L, Kuopio T, Lepistö A, Sillanpää E, Mecklin J, Seppälä TT, Laakkonen EK. Systemic circulating microRNA landscape in Lynch syndrome. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:932-944. [PMID: 36282188 PMCID: PMC10092425 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (c-miRs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that migrate throughout the body and regulate gene expression. Global c-miR expression patterns (c-miRnomes) change with sporadic carcinogenesis and have predictive potential in early detection of cancers. However, there are no studies that have assessed whether c-miRnomes display similar potential in carriers of inherited pathogenic mismatch-repair gene variants (path_MMR), known as Lynch syndrome (LS), who are predisposed to highly increased cancer risk. Using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic approaches, we conducted an exploratory analysis to characterize systemic c-miRnomes of path_MMR carriers, sporadic rectal cancer patients and non-LS controls. We showed for the first time that cancer-free path_MMR carriers have a systemic c-miRnome of 40 differentially expressed c-miRs that can distinguish them from non-LS controls. The systemic c-miRnome of cancer-free path_MMR carriers also resembles the systemic c-miRnomes of cancer patients with or without path_MMR. Our pathway analysis linked the found differentially expressed c-miRs to carcinogenesis. A total of 508 putative target genes were identified for 32 out of 40 differentially expressed c-miRs, and 238 of them were enriched in cancer-related pathways. The most enriched c-miR-target genes include well-known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes such as BCL2, AKT3, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, CDKN1A and PIK3R1. Taken together, our findings suggest that LS and sporadic carcinogenesis share common biological pathways and alterations in these pathways can produce a c-miR signature which can track potential oncogenic stress in cancer-free path_MMR carriers. Therefore, c-miRs hold potential in monitoring the LS risk stratification patterns during clinical surveillance or cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero Sievänen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Tia‐Marje Korhonen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Tiina Jokela
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Maarit Ahtiainen
- Department of Education and ResearchCentral Finland Health Care DistrictJyväskyläFinland
| | - Laura Lahtinen
- Department of PathologyCentral Finland Health Care DistrictJyväskyläFinland
| | - Teijo Kuopio
- Department of PathologyCentral Finland Health Care DistrictJyväskyläFinland
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal CenterHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Elina Sillanpää
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jukka‐Pekka Mecklin
- Department of SurgeryCentral Finland Health Care DistrictJyväskyläFinland
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Toni T. Seppälä
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal CenterHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research ProgramUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Eija K. Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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18
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Kaivola K, Pirinen M, Laaksovirta H, Jansson L, Rautila O, Launes J, Hokkanen L, Lahti J, Eriksson JG, Strandberg TE, FinnGen, Tienari PJ. C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat allele tagging SNPs: Associations with ALS risk and longevity. Front Genet 2023; 14:1087098. [PMID: 36936421 PMCID: PMC10014923 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1087098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion is a common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The C9orf72 locus may harbor residual risk outside the hexanucleotide repeat expansion, but the evidence is conflicting. Here, we first compared 683 unrelated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases and 3,196 controls with Finnish ancestry to find best single nucleotide polymorphisms that tag the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion and intermediate-length alleles. Rs2814707 was the best tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms for intermediate-length alleles with ≥7 repeats (p = 5 × 10-307) and rs139185008 for the hexanucleotide repeat expansion (p = 7 × 10-114) as well as alleles with ≥20 repeats. rs139185008*C associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after removing cases with the hexanucleotide repeat expansion, especially in the subpopulation homozygous for the rs2814707*T (p = 0.0002, OR = 5.06), which supports the concept of residual amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk at the C9orf72 haplotypes other than the hexanucleotide repeat expansion. We then leveraged Finnish biobank data to test the effects of rs2814707*T and rs139185008*C on longevity after removing individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis / frontotemporal dementia diagnoses. In the discovery cohort (n = 230,006), the frequency of rs139185008*C heterozygotes decreased significantly with age in the comparisons between 50 and 80 years vs. >80 years (p = 0.0005) and <50 years vs. >80 years (p = 0.0001). The findings were similar but less significant in a smaller replication cohort (2-sided p = 0.037 in 50-80 years vs. >80 years and 0.061 in <50 years vs. >80 years). Analysis of the allele frequencies in 5-year bins demonstrated that the decrease of rs139185008*C started after the age of 70 years. The hexanucleotide repeat expansion tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms decreasing frequency with age suggests its' association with age-related diseases probably also outside amyotrophic lateral sclerosis / frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karri Kaivola
- Translational Immunology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Karri Kaivola,
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Laaksovirta
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lilja Jansson
- Translational Immunology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Osma Rautila
- Translational Immunology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Launes
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Hokkanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo E. Strandberg
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Oulu, Center for Life Course Health Research, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Pentti J. Tienari
- Translational Immunology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Rappu P, Suwal U, Siljamäki E, Heino J. Inflammation-related citrullination of matrisome proteins in human cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1035188. [PMID: 36531007 PMCID: PMC9753687 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1035188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein arginine deiminases (PADs) are intracellular enzymes that may, especially in pathological conditions, also citrullinate extracellular substrates, including matrisome proteins such as structural proteins in extracellular matrix (ECM). PADs are abundantly expressed in human cancer cells. Citrullination of matrisome proteins has been reported in colon cancer but the phenomenon has never been systematically studied. METHODS To gain a broader view of citrullination of matrisome proteins in cancer, we analyzed cancer proteomics data sets in 3 public databases for citrullinated matrisome proteins. In addition, we used three-dimensional cell cocultures of fibroblasts and cancer cells and analyzed citrullination of ECM. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Our new analysis indicate that citrullination of ECM occurs in human cancer, and there is a significant variation between tumors. Most frequently citrullinated proteins included fibrinogen and fibronectin, which are typically citrullinated in rheumatoid inflammation. We also detected correlation between immune cell marker proteins, matrix metalloproteinases and ECM citrullination, which suggests that in cancer, citrullination of matrisome proteins is predominantly an inflammation-related phenomenon. This was further supported by our analysis of three-dimensional spheroid co-cultures of nine human cancer cell lines and fibroblasts by mass spectrometry, which gave no evidence that cancer cells or fibroblasts could citrullinate matrisome proteins in tumor stroma. It also appears that in the spheroid cultures, matrisome proteins are protected from citrullination.
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Pihlström S, Määttä K, Öhman T, Mäkitie RE, Aronen M, Varjosalo M, Mäkitie O, Pekkinen M. A multi-omics study to characterize the transdifferentiation of human dermal fibroblasts to osteoblast-like cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1032026. [PMID: 36465561 PMCID: PMC9714459 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1032026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various skeletal disorders display defects in osteoblast development and function. An in vitro model can help to understand underlying disease mechanisms. Currently, access to appropriate starting material for in vitro osteoblastic studies is limited. Native osteoblasts and their progenitors, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, (MSCs) are problematic to isolate from affected patients and challenging to expand in vitro. Human dermal fibroblasts in vitro are a promising substitute source of cells. Method: We developed an in vitro culturing technique to transdifferentiate fibroblasts into osteoblast-like cells. We obtained human fibroblasts from forearm skin biopsy and differentiated them into osteoblast-like cells with ß-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, and dexamethasone treatment. Osteoblastic phenotype was confirmed by staining for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium and phosphate deposits (Alizarin Red, Von Kossa) and by a multi-omics approach (transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analyses). Result: After 14 days of treatment, both fibroblasts and MSCs (reference cells) stained positive for ALP together with a significant increase in bone specific ALP (p = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively) compared to untreated cells. At a later time point, both cell types deposited minerals, indicating mineralization. In addition, fibroblasts and MSCs showed elevated expression of several osteogenic genes (e.g. ALPL, RUNX2, BMPs and SMADs), and decreased expression of SOX9. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis of RNA sequencing data from fibroblasts and MSCs showed that the osteoarthritis pathway was activated in both cell types (p_adj. = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Discussion: These data indicate that our in vitro treatment induces osteoblast-like differentiation in fibroblasts and MSCs, producing an in vitro osteoblastic cell system. This culturing system provides an alternative tool for bone biology research and skeletal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pihlström
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Määttä
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka E. Mäkitie
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mira Aronen
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Pekkinen
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Hurme P, Komulainen M, Tulkki M, Leino A, Rückert B, Turunen R, Vuorinen T, Akdis M, Akdis CA, Jartti T. Cytokine expression in rhinovirus- vs. respiratory syncytial virus-induced first wheezing episode and its relation to clinical course. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1044621. [PMID: 36451824 PMCID: PMC9702984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are common causes of bronchiolitis. Unlike an RSV etiology, an RV etiology is associated with a markedly increased risk of asthma. We investigated the cytokine profiles of RV- and RSV-induced first wheezing episode and their correlation with prognosis. We recruited 52 sole RV- and 11 sole RSV-affected children with a severe first wheezing episode. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated during acute illness and 2 weeks later and stimulated in vitro with anti-CD3/anti-CD28. Culture medium samples were analyzed for 56 different cytokines by multiplex ELISA. Recurrences were prospectively followed for 4 years. In adjusted analyses, the cytokine response from PBMCs in the RV group was characterized by decreased expression of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and increased expression of eosinophil chemotactic protein 2 (eotaxin-2), thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78) in the acute phase and increased expression of fractalkine in the convalescent phase compared to those in the RSV group. An analysis of the change in cytokine expression between study points revealed an increased expression of fractalkine and IL-1β and decreased expression of I-309 (CCL1) and TARC in the RV group compared to those in the RSV group.. Considering hospitalization time, a significant non-adjusted group × cytokine interaction was observed in the levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), IL-1RA, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), indicating that a higher expression of cytokine was associated with shorter hospitalization time in the RSV group but not in the RV group. A significant interaction was also found in interleukin 6 (IL-6), but the cytokine response was not associated with hospitalization time in the RSV or RV group. In the RV group, increased expression of I-309 (CCL1) and TARC was associated with fewer relapses within 2 months, and decreased expression of interleukin 13 (IL-13) and increased expression of I-309 (CCL1) were associated with less relapses within 12 months. Differences in cytokine response from PBMCs were observed between RV- and RSV-induced first severe wheezing episode. Our findings also reveal new biomarkers for short- and medium-term prognosis in first-time wheezing children infected with RV or RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Hurme
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Miisa Komulainen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marleena Tulkki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Annamari Leino
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Beate Rückert
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Riitta Turunen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- New Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tytti Vuorinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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22
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Ambrożej D, Makrinioti H, Whitehouse A, Papadopoulos N, Ruszczyński M, Adamiec A, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Alansari K, Jartti T, Feleszko W. Respiratory virus type to guide predictive enrichment approaches in the management of the first episode of bronchiolitis: A systematic review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1017325. [PMID: 36389820 PMCID: PMC9647543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1017325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become clear that severe bronchiolitis is a heterogeneous disease; even so, current bronchiolitis management guidelines rely on the one-size-fits-all approach regarding achieving both short-term and chronic outcomes. It has been speculated that the use of molecular markers could guide more effective pharmacological management and achieve the prevention of chronic respiratory sequelae. Existing data suggest that asthma-like treatment (systemic corticosteroids and beta2-agonists) in infants with rhinovirus-induced bronchiolitis is associated with improved short-term and chronic outcomes, but robust data is still lacking. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane’s Library to identify eligible randomized controlled trials to determine the efficacy of a personalized, virus-dependent application of systemic corticosteroids in children with severe bronchiolitis. Twelve studies with heterogeneous methodology were included. The analysis of the available results comparing the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-positive and RSV-negative children did not reveal significant differences in the associatons between systemic corticosteroid use in acute episode and duration of hospitalization (short-term outcome). However, this systematic review identified a trend of the positive association between the use of systematic corticosteroids and duration of hospitalization in RSV-negative infants hospitalized with the first episode of bronchiolitis (two studies). This evidence is not conclusive. Taken together, we suggest the design for future studies to assess the respiratory virus type in guiding predictive enrichment approaches in infants presenting with the first episode of bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Ambrożej
- Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Heidi Makrinioti
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abigail Whitehouse
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas Papadopoulos
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marek Ruszczyński
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Adamiec
- Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jose A. Castro-Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Khalid Alansari
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Clinical Pediatrics, Qatar University College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Clinical Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College- Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Wojciech Feleszko,
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23
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Hugele A, Löffler S, Molina BH, Guillon M, Montaser AB, Auriola S, Huttunen KM. Aminopeptidase B can bioconvert L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-utilizing amide prodrugs in the brain. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1034964. [PMID: 36339537 PMCID: PMC9631218 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1034964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A prodrug approach is a powerful method to temporarily change the physicochemical and thus, pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. However, in site-selective targeted prodrug delivery, tissue or cell-specific bioconverting enzyme is needed to be utilized to release the active parent drug at a particular location. Unfortunately, ubiquitously expressed enzymes, such as phosphatases and carboxylesterases are well used in phosphate and ester prodrug applications, but less is known about enzymes selectively expressed, e.g., in the brain and enzymes that can hydrolyze more stable prodrug bonds, such as amides and carbamates. In the present study, L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-utilizing amide prodrugs bioconverting enzyme was identified by gradually exploring the environment and possible determinants, such as pH and metal ions, that affect amide prodrug hydrolysis. Based on inducement by cobalt ions and slightly elevated pH (8.5) as well as localization in plasma, liver, and particularly in the brain, aminopeptidase B was proposed to be responsible for the bioconversion of the majority of the studied amino acid amide prodrugs. However, this enzyme hydrolyzed only those prodrugs that contained an aromatic promoiety (L-Phe), while leaving the aliphatic promoeities (L-Lys) and the smallest prodrug (with L-Phe promoiety) intact. Moreover, the parent drugs’ structure (flexibility and the number of aromatic rings) largely affected the bioconversion rate. It was also noticed in this study, that there were species differences in the bioconversion rate by aminopeptidase B (rodents > human), although the in vitro–in vivo correlation of the studied prodrugs was relatively accurate.
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Schirmer EC, Latonen L, Tollis S. Nuclear size rectification: A potential new therapeutic approach to reduce metastasis in cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1022723. [PMID: 36299481 PMCID: PMC9589484 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1022723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on metastasis has recently regained considerable interest with the hope that single cell technologies might reveal the most critical changes that support tumor spread. However, it is possible that part of the answer has been visible through the microscope for close to 200 years. Changes in nuclear size characteristically occur in many cancer types when the cells metastasize. This was initially discarded as contributing to the metastatic spread because, depending on tumor types, both increases and decreases in nuclear size could correlate with increased metastasis. However, recent work on nuclear mechanics and the connectivity between chromatin, the nucleoskeleton, and the cytoskeleton indicate that changes in this connectivity can have profound impacts on cell mobility and invasiveness. Critically, a recent study found that reversing tumor type-dependent nuclear size changes correlated with reduced cell migration and invasion. Accordingly, it seems appropriate to now revisit possible contributory roles of nuclear size changes to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Schirmer
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Leena Latonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sylvain Tollis
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Virta J, Hannula M, Lindfors K, Tamminen I, Taavela J, Huhtala H, Kaukinen K, Saavalainen P, Hyttinen J, Kurppa K. Validation of the X-ray microtomography in the assessment of duodenal morphometry and surface area in celiac disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945197. [PMID: 36211435 PMCID: PMC9539806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duodenal histology remains the diagnostic reference standard in celiac disease. However, traditional methods have suboptimal sensitivity and reproducibility for early mucosal changes and research purposes. We validated a recently introduced micro-CT imaging method for an accurate digital evaluation of duodenal histomorphometry and mucosal surface areas. Methods Endoscopic biopsies from 58 individuals were utilized for the micro-CT imaging, selecting histological changes ranging from normal to severely damaged mucosa. The imaging protocol was optimized for practicability and resolution. The Bland–Altman method was applied to test intra- and interobserver variations in the blinded measurements. Results The 3D micro-CT reconstructions enabled easy and precise digital cutting with optimal orientation and computer-assisted measurement of the surface area. Intraobserver analysis of morphological measurements showed a mean difference of 0.011 with limits of agreement (LA) from -0.397 to 0.375 and a standard deviation (SD) of 0.197. The corresponding figures for interobserver analysis were 0.080, from -0.719 to 0.537 and 0.320, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the intraobserver and interobserver variations were 0.981 and 0.954, respectively. Intraobserver surface area analysis yielded a mean difference of 0.010, LA from -0.764 to 0.785 and an SD of 0.395, and an interobserver analysis mean difference of 0.028, LA from -0.642 to 0.698 and SD of 0.342. The respective ICCs for the intra- and interobserver variations were 0.963 and 0.972. Conclusions Micro-CT showed excellent accuracy and reproducibility in the evaluation of mucosal morphometry and surface areas. The improved sensitivity for histological changes is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of celiac disease and for clinical and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Virta
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Hannula
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, The Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katri Lindfors
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilmari Tamminen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, The Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Taavela
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katri Kaukinen
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Saavalainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, The Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kalle Kurppa
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- The University Consortium of Seinäjoki and Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Kalle Kurppa,
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Kukkola HL, Utriainen P, Huttunen P, Taskinen M, Mäkitie O, Vakkilainen S. Lymphomas in cartilage-hair hypoplasia – A case series of 16 patients reveals advanced stage DLBCL as the most common form. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004694. [PMID: 36211439 PMCID: PMC9541526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) have an increased risk of malignancy, particularly non-Hodgkin lymphoma and basal cell carcinoma. The characteristics, clinical course, response to therapy and outcome of lymphomas in CHH remains unexplored. Methods We assessed clinical features of lymphoma cases among Finnish patients with CHH. Data were collected from the Finnish Cancer Registry, hospital records, the National Medical Databases and Cause-of-Death Registry of Statistics Finland. Results Among the 160 CHH patients, 16 (6 men, 10 women) were diagnosed with lymphoma during 1953-2016. Lymphoma was diagnosed in young adulthood (median age 26.4 years, range from 6.4 to 69.5 years), mostly in advanced stage. The most common lymphoma type was diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (6/16, 38%). Eight patients received chemotherapy (8/16, 50%), and two of them survived. Standard lymphoma chemotherapy regimens were administered in the majority of cases. Altogether, eleven CHH patients died due to lymphomas (11/16, 69%). In almost all surviving lymphoma patients, the diagnosis was made either during routine follow-up or after evaluation for non-specific mild symptoms. Search for CHH-related clinical predictors demonstrated higher prevalence of recurrent respiratory infections, in particular otitis media, and Hirschsprung disease in patients with lymphoma. However, three patients had no clinical signs of immunodeficiency prior to lymphoma diagnosis. Conclusion DLBCL is the most common type of lymphoma in CHH. The outcome is poor probably due to advanced stage of lymphoma at the time of diagnosis. Other CHH-related manifestations poorly predicted lymphoma development, implying that all CHH patients should be regularly screened for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Leena Kukkola
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Utriainen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children‘s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Huttunen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children‘s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children‘s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Vakkilainen,
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Huang Y, Gui J, Myllymäki SM, Roy K, Tõnissoo T, Mikkola ML, Shimmi O. Scribble and α-Catenin cooperatively regulate epithelial homeostasis and growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:912001. [PMID: 36211469 PMCID: PMC9532510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.912001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial homeostasis is an emergent property of both physical and biochemical signals emanating from neighboring cells and across tissue. A recent study reveals that Scribble, an apico-basal polarity determinant, cooperates with α-Catenin, an adherens junction component, to regulate tissue homeostasis in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. However, it remains to be addressed whether similar mechanisms are utilized in vertebrates. In this study, we first address how α-Catenin cooperates with Scribble to regulate epithelial homeostasis and growth in mammalian cells. Our data show that α-Catenin and Scribble interact physically in mammalian cells. We then found that both α-Catenin and Scribble are required for regulating nuclear translocation of YAP, an effector of the Hippo signaling pathway. Furthermore, ectopic Scribble suffices to suppress YAP in an α-Catenin-dependent manner. Then, to test our hypothesis that Scribble amounts impact epithelial growth, we use the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. We show that Scribble expression is complementary to Yorkie signal, the Drosophila ortholog of YAP. Ectopic expression of full-length Scribble or Scribble Leucine Rich Region (LRR):α-Catenin chimera sufficiently down-regulates Yorkie signal, leading to smaller wing size. Moreover, Scribble LRR:α-Catenin chimera rescues scribble mutant clones in the wing imaginal disc to maintain tissue homeostasis. Taken together, our studies suggest that the association of cell polarity component Scribble with α-Catenin plays a conserved role in epithelial homeostasis and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxian Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jinghua Gui
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kallol Roy
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tambet Tõnissoo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marja L. Mikkola
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Osamu Shimmi
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- *Correspondence: Osamu Shimmi,
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Martínez-Nieto GA, Teppo HR, Petrelius N, Izzi V, Devarajan R, Petäistö T, Liu H, Kim KS, Karppinen SM, Ruotsalainen H, Koivunen J, Mäki JM, Walker GC, Pihlajaniemi T, Gullberg D, Heljasvaara R. Upregulated integrin α11 in the stroma of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma promotes skin carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:981009. [PMID: 36003785 PMCID: PMC9393502 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.981009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α11β1 is a collagen-binding integrin that is needed to induce and maintain the myofibroblast phenotype in fibrotic tissues and during wound healing. The expression of the α11 is upregulated in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in various human neoplasms. We investigated α11 expression in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and in benign and premalignant human skin lesions and monitored its effects on cSCC development by subjecting α11-knockout (Itga11−/−) mice to the DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis protocol. α11-deficient mice showed significantly decreased tumor cell proliferation, leading to delayed tumor development and reduced tumor burden. Integrin α11 expression was significantly upregulated in the desmoplastic tumor stroma of human and mouse cSCCs, and the highest α11 expression was detected in high-grade tumors. Our results point to a reduced ability of α11-deficient stromal cells to differentiate into matrix-producing and tumor-promoting CAFs and suggest that this is one causative mechanism underlying the observed decreased tumor growth. An unexpected finding in our study was that, despite reduced CAF activation, the α11-deficient skin tumors were characterized by the presence of thick and regularly aligned collagen bundles. This finding was attributed to a higher expression of TGFβ1 and collagen crosslinking lysyl oxidases in the Itga11-/- tumor stroma. In summary, our data suggest that α11β1 operates in a complex interactive tumor environment to regulate ECM synthesis and collagen organization and thus foster cSCC growth. Further studies with advanced experimental models are still needed to define the exact roles and molecular mechanisms of stromal α11β1 in skin tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo A. Martínez-Nieto
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna-Riikka Teppo
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Noora Petrelius
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Valerio Izzi
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raman Devarajan
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Petäistö
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hengshuo Liu
- Matrix Biology Group, Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kris S. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sanna-Maria Karppinen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Ruotsalainen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarkko Koivunen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Joni M. Mäki
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Donald Gullberg
- Matrix Biology Group, Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Matrix Biology Group, Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Ritva Heljasvaara,
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Välikangas T, Junttila S, Rytkönen KT, Kukkonen-Macchi A, Suomi T, Elo LL. COVID-19-specific transcriptomic signature detectable in blood across multiple cohorts. Front Genet 2022; 13:929887. [PMID: 35991542 PMCID: PMC9388772 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.929887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading across the world despite vast global vaccination efforts. Consequently, many studies have looked for potential human host factors and immune mechanisms associated with the disease. However, most studies have focused on comparing COVID-19 patients to healthy controls, while fewer have elucidated the specific host factors distinguishing COVID-19 from other infections. To discover genes specifically related to COVID-19, we reanalyzed transcriptome data from nine independent cohort studies, covering multiple infections, including COVID-19, influenza, seasonal coronaviruses, and bacterial pneumonia. The identified COVID-19-specific signature consisted of 149 genes, involving many signals previously associated with the disease, such as induction of a strong immunoglobulin response and hemostasis, as well as dysregulation of cell cycle-related processes. Additionally, potential new gene candidates related to COVID-19 were discovered. To facilitate exploration of the signature with respect to disease severity, disease progression, and different cell types, we also offer an online tool for easy visualization of the selected genes across multiple datasets at both bulk and single-cell levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Välikangas
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sini Junttila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalle T. Rytkönen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Kukkonen-Macchi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi Suomi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Tomi Suomi, ; Laura L. Elo,
| | - Laura L. Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Tomi Suomi, ; Laura L. Elo,
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Aska EM, Zagidullin B, Pitkänen E, Kauppi L. Single-Cell Mononucleotide Microsatellite Analysis Reveals Differential Insertion-Deletion Dynamics in Mouse T Cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:913163. [PMID: 35873465 PMCID: PMC9304711 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.913163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite sequences are particularly prone to slippage during DNA replication, forming insertion-deletion loops that, if left unrepaired, result in de novo mutations (expansions or contractions of the repeat array). Mismatch repair (MMR) is a critical DNA repair mechanism that corrects these insertion-deletion loops, thereby maintaining microsatellite stability. MMR deficiency gives rise to the molecular phenotype known as microsatellite instability (MSI). By sequencing MMR-proficient and -deficient (Mlh1+/+ and Mlh1−/−) single-cell exomes from mouse T cells, we reveal here several previously unrecognized features of in vivo MSI. Specifically, mutational dynamics of insertions and deletions were different on multiple levels. Factors that associated with propensity of mononucleotide microsatellites to insertions versus deletions were: microsatellite length, nucleotide composition of the mononucleotide tract, gene length and transcriptional status, as well replication timing. Here, we show on a single-cell level that deletions — the predominant MSI type in MMR-deficient cells — are preferentially associated with longer A/T tracts, long or transcribed genes and later-replicating genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli-Mari Aska
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bulat Zagidullin
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Pitkänen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Kauppi
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Liisa Kauppi,
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Kujanpää L, Arffman RK, Pesonen P, Korhonen E, Karjula S, Järvelin M, Franks S, Tapanainen JS, Morin‐Papunen L, Piltonen TT. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are burdened with multimorbidity and medication use independent of body mass index at late fertile age: A population-based cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2022; 101:728-736. [PMID: 35673942 PMCID: PMC9564432 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This population-based follow-up study investigated the comorbidities, medication use, and healthcare services among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) at age 46 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 and consisted of women reporting oligo/amenorrhea and hirsutism at age 31 years and/or a PCOS diagnosis by age 46 years (n = 246) and controls without PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n = 1573), referred to as non-PCOS women. The main outcome measures were self-reported data on symptoms, diagnosed diseases, and medication and healthcare service use at the age of 46 years. RESULTS Overall morbidity risk was increased by 35% (risk ratio [RR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-1.57) and medication use by 27% [RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08-1.50) compared with non-PCOS women, and the risk remained after adjusting for body mass index. Diagnoses with increased prevalence in women with PCOS were migraine, hypertension, tendinitis, osteoarthritis, fractures, and endometriosis. PCOS was also associated with autoimmune diseases and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and symptoms. Interestingly, healthcare service use did not differ between the study groups after adjusting for body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Women with PCOS are burdened with multimorbidity and higher medication use, independent of body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kujanpää
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Riikka K. Arffman
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Paula Pesonen
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Elisa Korhonen
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Salla Karjula
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Marjo‐Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC‐PHE Center for Environment and HealthSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Unit of Primary Health CareOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life SciencesBrunel University LondonLondonUK
| | - Stephen Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Juha S. Tapanainen
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Laure Morin‐Papunen
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Terhi T. Piltonen
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu)University of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
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Oamen HP, Romero Romero N, Knuckles P, Saarikangas J, Radman‐Livaja M, Dong Y, Caudron F. A rare natural lipid induces neuroglobin expression to prevent amyloid oligomers toxicity and retinal neurodegeneration. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13645. [PMID: 35656861 PMCID: PMC9282837 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are proteinopathies linked to the toxicity of amyloid oligomers. Treatments to delay or cure these diseases are lacking. Using budding yeast, we report that the natural lipid tripentadecanoin induces expression of the nitric oxide oxidoreductase Yhb1 to prevent the formation of protein aggregates during aging and extends replicative lifespan. In mammals, tripentadecanoin induces expression of the Yhb1 orthologue, neuroglobin, to protect neurons against amyloid toxicity. Tripentadecanoin also rescues photoreceptors in a mouse model of retinal degeneration and retinal ganglion cells in a Rhesus monkey model of optic atrophy. Together, we propose that tripentadecanoin affects p-bodies to induce neuroglobin expression and offers a potential treatment for proteinopathies and retinal neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Patrick Oamen
- School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Nathaly Romero Romero
- School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Philip Knuckles
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Juha Saarikangas
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Research Programme in Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Neuroscience Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Laine AP, Valta M, Toppari J, Knip M, Veijola R, Ilonen J, Lempainen J. Non-HLA Gene Polymorphisms in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: Phase and Endotype Specific Effects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909020. [PMID: 35812428 PMCID: PMC9261460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-HLA loci conferring susceptibility to type 1 diabetes determine approximately half of the genetic disease risk, and several of them have been shown to affect immune-cell or pancreatic β-cell functions. A number of these loci have shown associations with the appearance of autoantibodies or with progression from seroconversion to clinical type 1 diabetes. In the current study, we have re-analyzed 21 of our loci with prior association evidence using an expanded DIPP follow-up cohort of 976 autoantibody positive cases and 1,910 matched controls. Survival analysis using Cox regression was applied for time periods from birth to seroconversion and from seroconversion to type 1 diabetes. The appearance of autoantibodies was also analyzed in endotypes, which are defined by the first appearing autoantibody, either IAA or GADA. Analyzing the time period from birth to seroconversion, we were able to replicate our previous association findings at PTPN22, INS, and NRP1. Novel findings included associations with ERBB3, UBASH3A, PTPN2, and FUT2. In the time period from seroconversion to clinical type 1 diabetes, prior associations with PTPN2, CD226, and PTPN22 were replicated, and a novel association with STAT4 was observed. Analyzing the appearance of autoantibodies in endotypes, the PTPN22 association was specific for IAA-first. In the progression phase, STAT4 was specific for IAA-first and ERBB3 to GADA-first. In conclusion, our results further the knowledge of the function of non-HLA risk polymorphisms in detailing endotype specificity and timing of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti-Pekka Laine
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Antti-Pekka Laine, ; Mikael Knip,
| | - Milla Valta
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- *Correspondence: Antti-Pekka Laine, ; Mikael Knip,
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Paediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Lempainen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Ollila H, Mäyränpää MI, Paavolainen L, Paajanen J, Välimäki K, Sutinen E, Wolff H, Räsänen J, Kallioniemi O, Myllärniemi M, Ilonen I, Pellinen T. Prognostic Role of Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Pleural Epithelioid Mesothelioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:870352. [PMID: 35795056 PMCID: PMC9251441 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.870352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy with an average patient survival of only 10 months. Interestingly, about 5%–10% of the patients survive remarkably longer. Prior studies have suggested that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has potential prognostic value in MPM. We hypothesized that high-resolution single-cell spatial profiling of the TIME would make it possible to identify subpopulations of patients with long survival and identify immunophenotypes for the development of novel treatment strategies.MethodsWe used multiplexed fluorescence immunohistochemistry (mfIHC) and cell-based image analysis to define spatial TIME immunophenotypes in 69 patients with epithelioid MPM (20 patients surviving ≥ 36 months). Five mfIHC panels (altogether 21 antibodies) were used to classify tumor-associated stromal cells and different immune cell populations. Prognostic associations were evaluated using univariate and multivariable Cox regression, as well as combination risk models with area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analyses.ResultsWe observed that type M2 pro-tumorigenic macrophages (CD163+pSTAT1−HLA-DRA1−) were independently associated with shorter survival, whereas granzyme B+ cells and CD11c+ cells were independently associated with longer survival. CD11c+ cells were the only immunophenotype increasing the AUROC (from 0.67 to 0.84) when added to clinical factors (age, gender, clinical stage, and grade).ConclusionHigh-resolution, deep profiling of TIME in MPM defined subgroups associated with both poor (M2 macrophages) and favorable (granzyme B/CD11c positivity) patient survival. CD11c positivity stood out as the most potential prognostic cell subtype adding prediction power to the clinical factors. These findings help to understand the critical determinants of TIME for risk and therapeutic stratification purposes in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hely Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Hely Ollila,
| | - Mikko I. Mäyränpää
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lassi Paavolainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juuso Paajanen
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Välimäki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Sutinen
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Pathology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Räsänen
- Department of General Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjukka Myllärniemi
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Ilonen
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teijo Pellinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Sissala N, Myllymäki E, Mohr F, Halmetoja R, Kuvaja P, Dimova EY, Koivunen P. Hypoxia ameliorates maternal diet-induced insulin resistance during pregnancy while having a detrimental effect on the placenta. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15302. [PMID: 35535947 PMCID: PMC9088222 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal overweight/obesity contributes significantly to the development of gestational diabetes, which causes risks to both mother and fetus and is increasing sharply in prevalence worldwide. Since hypoxia reprograms energy metabolism and can alleviate weight gain, adiposity, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia, we set out to study the potential of sustained reduced ambient oxygen tension (15% O2 ) during pregnancy for alleviating the detrimental effects of diet-induced IR in C57Bl/6N mice, taking normal chow-fed and normoxia (21% O2 ) groups as controls. Our data show that hypoxic intervention reduced maternal weight gain, adiposity, and adipose tissue inflammation, and ameliorated maternal glucose metabolism and IR during gestation in diet-induced IR relative to normoxia. Where diet-induced IR reduced maternal hemoglobin and increased serum erythropoietin levels, hypoxic intervention compensated for these changes. Diet-induced IR reduced fetal growth in normoxia, and even more in hypoxia. Hypoxic intervention reduced liver weight gain during pregnancy in the dams with diet-induced IR, maternal liver weight being positively associated with embryo number. In case of diet-induced IR, the hypoxic intervention compromised placental energy metabolism and vascularization and increased end-pregnancy placental necrosis. Altogether, these data show that although hypoxic intervention mediates several beneficial effects on maternal metabolism, the combination of it with diet-induced IR is even more detrimental to the placental and fetal outcome than diet-induced IR alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Sissala
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineOulu Center for Cell‐Matrix ResearchUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Elisa Myllymäki
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineOulu Center for Cell‐Matrix ResearchUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Florian Mohr
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineOulu Center for Cell‐Matrix ResearchUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Riikka Halmetoja
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineOulu Center for Cell‐Matrix ResearchUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Paula Kuvaja
- Finnish Institute for Health and WelfareOuluFinland
| | - Elitsa Y. Dimova
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineOulu Center for Cell‐Matrix ResearchUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineOulu Center for Cell‐Matrix ResearchUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
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Hurme A, Jalkanen P, Heroum J, Liedes O, Vara S, Melin M, Teräsjärvi J, He Q, Pöysti S, Hänninen A, Oksi J, Vuorinen T, Kantele A, Tähtinen PA, Ivaska L, Kakkola L, Lempainen J, Julkunen I. Long-Lasting T Cell Responses in BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccinees and COVID-19 Convalescent Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869990. [PMID: 35529867 PMCID: PMC9073085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novel variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has made it more difficult to prevent the virus from spreading despite available vaccines. Reports of breakthrough infections and decreased capacity of antibodies to neutralize variants raise the question whether current vaccines can still protect against COVID-19 disease. We studied the dynamics and persistence of T cell responses using activation induced marker (AIM) assay and Th1 type cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccinated health care workers and COVID-19 patients. We demonstrate that equally high T cell responses following vaccination and infection persist at least for 6 months against Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants despite the decline in antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Hurme
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Antti Hurme,
| | - Pinja Jalkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jemna Heroum
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Oona Liedes
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saimi Vara
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merit Melin
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Qiushui He
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sakari Pöysti
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Arno Hänninen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Oksi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tytti Vuorinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Kantele
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center, MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula A. Tähtinen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Ivaska
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Kakkola
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Lempainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Eurola A, Mustonen H, Mattila N, Lassila R, Haglund C, Seppänen H. Preoperative oncologic therapy and the prolonged risk of venous thromboembolism in resectable pancreatic cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1605-1616. [PMID: 35148464 PMCID: PMC8986147 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most prothrombotic cancers. Among patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery, chemotherapy and surgery represent a compound risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), rendering the postoperative time a period of interest. We aimed to analyze whether preoperative oncologic therapy increases the risk for VTE after surgery and identify which characteristics associate with VTE. METHODS We first identified patients surgically treated for pancreatic cancer at Helsinki University Hospital between 2000 and 2017, collecting the following data: gender, age at surgery, preoperative medication, body mass index (BMI), preoperative chemo(radio)therapy, tumor size, positive node ratio, perineural and perivascular invasion, tumor grade, surgical technique, postoperative anticoagulation, adjuvant therapy, time of VTE, time of local disease recurrence, time of distant metastasis, and time of death. With a follow-up period of at least 2 years or until death, we compared a total of 93 preoperative oncologic therapy and 291 upfront surgery patients (n = 384, median age 66.5 years). RESULTS Preoperative oncologic therapy increased the risk for thrombosis after surgery (hazard ratio [HR] 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.53). The VTE incidence rate remained high for up to 2 years after surgery. BMI ≥30 kg/m2 , prior anticoagulation, and disease recurrence (p < 0.05, respectively) associated with VTE. VTE is also associated with shorter overall survival (HR 3.25; 95% CI 2.36-4.44). In 71.6% (95% CI 60.5-81.1) of patients, VTE was diagnosed after disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative oncologic therapy represents an independent risk factor for VTE, not only during the immediate postoperative period but up to 2 years after surgery. VTE is associated with obesity, prior anticoagulation, and disease recurrence and diminishes overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Eurola
- Department of SurgeryTranslational Cancer Medicine Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Harri Mustonen
- Department of SurgeryTranslational Cancer Medicine Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Nora Mattila
- Department of SurgeryTranslational Cancer Medicine Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Riitta Lassila
- Department of Coagulation DisordersFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- HUSLAB Laboratory ServicesClinical ChemistryHelsinkiFinland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of SurgeryTranslational Cancer Medicine Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of SurgeryTranslational Cancer Medicine Research ProgramFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
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Sieviläinen M, Saavalainen J, Adnan-Awad S, Salo T, Al-Samadi A. IDO1 Inhibition Reduces Immune Cell Exclusion Through Inducing Cell Migration While PD-1 Blockage Increases IL-6 and -8 Secretion From T Cells in Head and Neck Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812822. [PMID: 35359980 PMCID: PMC8963946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), primarily anti-PD-1, are currently used to treat patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, only a minority of patients benefit from these costly therapies. Therefore, there is an unmet need to better understand the effect of ICIs on immune effector cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a PD-1 antibody and an IDO1 inhibitor on different lymphocyte populations (NK, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells) in term of migration, cytotoxicity, and cytokine release in the presence of HNSCC cells.MethodsUsing a microfluidic chip, we injected HSC-3 cells (an oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line) embedded in a human tumor-derived matrix “myogel/fibrin” together with NK, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in separate channels. The two channels were connected with microchannels. The PD-1 antibody nivolumab and IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat were added to the microfluidic chips. Lymphocyte migration and cytotoxicity were examined under fluorescent microscopy and cytokine release was measured using a FirePlex Human Discovery Cytokines Immunoassay.ResultsEpacadostat significantly increased the migration and infiltration of NK and CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, towards the cancer cells. Nivolumab did not exhibit a similar effect. While CD8+ T cells alone showed near to no migration, adding CD4+ T cells enhanced migration towards the cancer cells. There was a mild nonsignificant increase in apoptosis of HSC-3 cells after adding epacadostat to lymphocytes. In contrast, HSC-3 proliferation was not affected by lymphocytes regardless of ICIs. Nivolumab significantly increased release of MIP1-α, IL-6, and IL-8 from NK, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, respectively.ConclusionsThis study revealed that each subpopulation of lymphocytes respond differently to ICIs. We also revealed the subpopulation of lymphocytes responsible for the increases in specific serum cytokines after ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Sieviläinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Meri Sieviläinen,
| | - Jordan Saavalainen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shady Adnan-Awad
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Hematology Research Unit, Department of Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Takabe P, Siiskonen H, Rönkä A, Kainulainen K, Pasonen-Seppänen S. The Impact of Hyaluronan on Tumor Progression in Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:811434. [PMID: 35127523 PMCID: PMC8813769 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.811434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is rapidly increasing worldwide. Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer, which originates from malignant transformation of pigment producing melanocytes. The main risk factor for melanoma is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and thus it often arises from highly sun-exposed skin areas and is characterized by a high mutational burden. In addition to melanoma-associated mutations such as BRAF, NRAS, PTEN and cell cycle regulators, the expansion of melanoma is affected by the extracellular matrix surrounding the tumor together with immune cells. In the early phases of the disease, hyaluronan is the major matrix component in cutaneous melanoma microenvironment. It is a high-molecular weight polysaccharide involved in several physiological and pathological processes. Hyaluronan is involved in the inflammatory reactions associated with UV radiation but its role in melanomagenesis is still unclear. Although abundant hyaluronan surrounds epidermal and dermal cells in normal skin and benign nevi, its content is further elevated in dysplastic lesions and local tumors. At this stage hyaluronan matrix may act as a protective barrier against melanoma progression, or alternatively against immune cell attack. While in advanced melanoma, the content of hyaluronan decreases due to altered synthesis and degradation, and this correlates with poor prognosis. This review focuses on hyaluronan matrix in cutaneous melanoma and how the changes in hyaluronan metabolism affect the progression of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia Takabe
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Siiskonen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino Rönkä
- Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Kainulainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Pasonen-Seppänen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- *Correspondence: Sanna Pasonen-Seppänen,
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Lithovius V, Otonkoski T. Stem Cell Based Models in Congenital Hyperinsulinism - Perspective on Practicalities and Possibilities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:837450. [PMID: 35250887 PMCID: PMC8895269 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.837450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a severe inherited neonatal disorder characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion caused by genetic defects of the pancreatic beta cells. Several open questions remain in CHI research, such as the optimal treatment for the most common type of CHI, caused by mutations in the genes encoding ATP-sensitive potassium channels, and the molecular mechanisms of newly identified CHI genes. Answering these questions requires robust preclinical models, particularly since primary patient material is extremely scarce and accurate animal models are not available. In this short review, we explain why pluripotent stem cell derived islets present an attractive solution to these issues and outline the current progress in stem-cell based modeling of CHI. Stem cell derived islets enable the study of molecular mechanisms of CHI and the discovery of novel antihypoglycemic drugs, while also providing a valuable model to study the biology of variable functional states of beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Väinö Lithovius
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Väinö Lithovius, ; Timo Otonkoski,
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Väinö Lithovius, ; Timo Otonkoski,
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Borchers J, Mäkitie O, Jääskeläinen J, Laakso S. Recurrent Hypokalemia and Adrenal Steroids in Patients With APECED. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:904507. [PMID: 35813662 PMCID: PMC9256963 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.904507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypokalemia is a common finding in patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) but its exact cause often remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence and etiology of hypokalemia and the role of adrenal steroids therein in a cohort of patients with APECED. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional assessment and retrospective data collection on 44 Finnish patients with APECED to identify subjects with episodes of hypokalemia. Also 68 healthy matched controls attended the cross-sectional evaluation. Factors associating with a tendency for hypokalemia were analyzed by reviewing medical records during 1960-2021 and performing a cross-sectional analysis of serum adrenal steroids. RESULTS In total 14 of the 44 APECED patients (32%) had episodes of hypokalemia; 2 presented with hypokalemia at cross-sectional evaluation and 12 had a history of hypokalemia before the cross-sectional evaluation. Hypokalemic episodes started at the median age of 14.1 years; 12/14 (86%) had primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI). The median number of hypokalemic periods per year was 0.3 (range 0.04-2.2); the frequency correlated positively with the number of clinical APECED manifestations at the time of cross-sectional evaluation (r=0.811, p<0.001). Etiologies of hypokalemia varied but episodes often occurred when new clinical manifestations developed and during hospitalizations. Three patients had kidney defects, also associated with electrolyte imbalances. Severity of hypokalemia varied (range 2.2-3.2 mmol/L), but no severe complications were observed. At cross-sectional evaluation, patients with PAI (n = 30) had significantly lower median plasma potassium and higher sodium concentration than controls, suggesting that fludrocortisone treatment contributed to hypokalemia. Detailed analysis of adrenal steroids provided no conclusive differences between patients with and without episodes of hypokalemia. CONCLUSIONS In APECED, hypokalemia is common and varies in terms of frequency, etiology, and severity. PAI and kidney disease predispose to hypokalemia. In addition, hypokalemic periods seem to be more common in patients with more severe phenotype of APECED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonatan Borchers
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Joonatan Borchers,
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Saila Laakso
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Holmboe SA, Scheutz Henriksen L, Frederiksen H, Andersson AM, Priskorn L, Jørgensen N, Juul A, Toppari J, Skakkebæk NE, Main KM. Prenatal exposure to phenols and benzophenones in relation to markers of male reproductive function in adulthood. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1071761. [PMID: 36568115 PMCID: PMC9780366 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1071761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental exposure during fetal life may disrupt testicular development. In humans, a limited number of studies have investigated whether these adverse effects persist into adulthood. Using data from a prospective, population-based birth cohort study, The Copenhagen Mother-Child cohort, the objective was to assess if there is an association between fetal exposure to selected phenols and benzophenones and markers of testicular function in adult men. METHODS Pregnant women were recruited in 1997-2001. Their sons were examined clinically at 18-20 years of age, with focus on adult markers of reproductive function (anogenital distance (AGD), semen quality and reproductive hormones). In total, 101 18-20-year-old men were included, whose mothers during pregnancy had a serum sample drawn and analyzed for bisphenol A (BPA) and seven other simple phenols, as well as six benzophenones. To investigate the association between chemical levels (in tertiles, T1-T3) in relation to markers of reproductive function, univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS In fully adjusted analyses, increased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) were observed with higher fetal exposure to BPA (percentage difference (95%CI)) (T2: 12% (-8%,36%) and T3: 33% (10%,62%), compared to T1) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) (T2: 21% (-2%,49%), T3: 18% (-4%,45%)), while no clear association was seen to total testosterone (TT). Higher levels of BPA and BP-3 were associated with a lower TT/LH ratio, although only significant for BPA (p-trend=0.01). No associations were seen to AGD or markers of semen quality. CONCLUSION In conclusion, high exposure to BPA and BP-3 was associated with a compensated reduced Leydig cell function but no other changes in markers of reproductive health. As maternal levels of BPA and BP-3 were not correlated, separate effects may be at play. Larger studies on long-term reproductive consequences of prenatal exposures are warranted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine A. Holmboe
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Stine A. Holmboe,
| | - Louise Scheutz Henriksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Niels E. Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina M. Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Halliez C, Ibrahim H, Otonkoski T, Mallone R. In vitro beta-cell killing models using immune cells and human pluripotent stem cell-derived islets: Challenges and opportunities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1076683. [PMID: 36726462 PMCID: PMC9885197 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1076683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease of both autoimmunity and β-cells. The β-cells play an active role in their own demise by mounting defense mechanisms that are insufficient at best, and that can become even deleterious in the long term. This complex crosstalk is important to understanding the physiological defense mechanisms at play in healthy conditions, their alterations in the T1D setting, and therapeutic agents that may boost such mechanisms. Robust protocols to develop stem-cell-derived islets (SC-islets) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), and islet-reactive cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells offer unprecedented opportunities to study this crosstalk. Challenges to develop in vitro β-cell killing models include the cluster morphology of SC-islets, the relatively weak cytotoxicity of most autoimmune T-cells and the variable behavior of in vitro expanded CD8+ T-cells. These challenges may however be highly rewarding in light of the opportunities offered by such models. Herein, we discuss these opportunities including: the β-cell/immune crosstalk in an islet microenvironment; the features that make β-cells more sensitive to autoimmunity; therapeutic agents that may modulate β-cell vulnerability; and the possibility to perform analyses in an autologous setting, i.e., by generating T-cell effectors and SC-islets from the same donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Halliez
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Roberto Mallone, ; Timo Otonkoski,
| | - Roberto Mallone
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Roberto Mallone, ; Timo Otonkoski,
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Loid P, Hauta-alus H, Mäkitie O, Magnusson P, Mäkitie RE. Lipocalin-2 is associated with FGF23 in WNT1 and PLS3 osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:954730. [PMID: 36157448 PMCID: PMC9493469 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.954730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenic mechanisms of early-onset osteoporosis caused by WNT1 and PLS3 mutations are incompletely understood and diagnostic biomarkers of these disorders are limited. Recently, lipocalin-2 has been recognized as an osteokine involved in bone development and homeostasis. However, the role of lipocalin-2 in WNT1 and PLS3 osteoporosis is unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate if plasma lipocalin-2 could be utilized as a biomarker for WNT1 and PLS3 osteoporosis and to evaluate the association between lipocalin-2 and other parameters of bone metabolism. METHODS We measured plasma lipocalin-2 in 17 WNT1 and 14 PLS3 mutation-positive patients and compared them to those of 34 mutation-negative (MN) healthy subjects. We investigated possible associations between lipocalin-2 and several bone biomarkers including collagen type I cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I procollagen intact N-terminal propeptide (PINP), intact and C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and sclerostin as well as parameters of iron metabolism (iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor and ferritin). RESULTS We found no differences in plasma lipocalin-2 levels in WNT1 or PLS3 patients compared with MN subjects. However, lipocalin-2 was associated with C-terminal FGF23 in WNT1 patients (r=0.62; p=0.008) and PLS3 patients (r=0.63, p=0.017), and with intact FGF23 in PLS3 patients (r=0.80; p<0.001). In addition, lipocalin-2 correlated with serum transferrin in WNT1 patients (r=0.72; p=0.001). CONCLUSION We conclude that plasma lipocalin-2 is not altered in WNT1 or PLS3 mutation-positive subjects but is associated with FGF23 in abnormal WNT1 or PLS3 signaling and with iron status in abnormal WNT1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Loid
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Genetics Research Program, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Petra Loid,
| | - Helena Hauta-alus
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Genetics Research Program, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Riikka E. Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Genetics Research Program, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Järvelä-Stölting M, Vesala L, Maasdorp MK, Ciantar J, Rämet M, Valanne S. Proteasome α6 Subunit Negatively Regulates the JAK/STAT Pathway and Blood Cell Activation in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729631. [PMID: 35003057 PMCID: PMC8727353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK/STAT signaling regulates central biological functions such as development, cell differentiation and immune responses. In Drosophila, misregulated JAK/STAT signaling in blood cells (hemocytes) induces their aberrant activation. Using mass spectrometry to analyze proteins associated with a negative regulator of the JAK/STAT pathway, and by performing a genome-wide RNAi screen, we identified several components of the proteasome complex as negative regulators of JAK/STAT signaling in Drosophila. A selected proteasome component, Prosα6, was studied further. In S2 cells, Prosα6 silencing decreased the amount of the known negative regulator of the pathway, ET, leading to enhanced expression of a JAK/STAT pathway reporter gene. Silencing of Prosα6 in vivo resulted in activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, leading to the formation of lamellocytes, a specific hemocyte type indicative of hemocyte activation. This hemocyte phenotype could be partially rescued by simultaneous knockdown of either the Drosophila STAT transcription factor, or MAPKK in the JNK-pathway. Our results suggest a role for the proteasome complex components in the JAK/STAT pathway in Drosophila blood cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirva Järvelä-Stölting
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Vesala
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matthew K. Maasdorp
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joanna Ciantar
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Rämet
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Susanna Valanne
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- *Correspondence: Susanna Valanne,
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Saari V, Laakso S, Tiitinen A, Mäkitie O, Holopainen E. Endocrine Disorders and Genital Infections Impair Gynecological Health in APECED (APS-1). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:784195. [PMID: 34917035 PMCID: PMC8669951 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.784195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) defects in the autoimmune regulator gene lead to impaired immunotolerance. We explored the effects of immunodeficiency and endocrinopathies on gynecologic health in patients with APECED. Design Cross-sectional cohort study combined with longitudinal follow-up data. Methods We carried out a gynecologic evaluation, pelvic ultrasound, and laboratory and microbiologic assessment in 19 women with APECED. Retrospective data were collected from previous study visits and hospital records. Results The study subjects' median age was 42.6 years (range, 16.7-65.5). Sixteen patients (84%) had premature ovarian insufficiency, diagnosed at the median age of 16.5 years; 75% of them used currently either combined contraception or hormonal replacement therapy. In 76% of women, the morphology and size of the uterus were determined normal for age, menopausal status, and current hormonal therapy. Fifteen patients (79%) had primary adrenal insufficiency; three of them used dehydroepiandrosterone substitution. All androgen concentrations were under the detection limit in 11 patients (58%). Genital infections were detected in nine patients (47%); most of them were asymptomatic. Gynecologic C. albicans infection was detected in four patients (21%); one of the strains was resistant to azoles. Five patients (26%) had human papillomavirus infection, three of which were high-risk subtypes. Cervical cell atypia was detected in one patient. No correlation between genital infections and anti-cytokine autoantibodies was found. Conclusions Ovarian and adrenal insufficiencies manifested with very low androgen levels in over half of the patients. Asymptomatic genital infections, but not cervical cell atypia, were common in female patients with APECED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viivi Saari
- Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila Laakso
- Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Tiitinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elina Holopainen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Haapalainen AM, Daddali R, Hallman M, Rämet M. Human CPPED1 belongs to calcineurin-like metallophosphoesterase superfamily and dephosphorylates PI3K-AKT pathway component PAK4. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6304-6317. [PMID: 34009729 PMCID: PMC8366450 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases and phosphatases regulate cellular processes by reversible phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. CPPED1 is a recently identified serine/threonine protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates AKT1 of the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway. We previously showed that CPPED1 levels are down-regulated in the human placenta during spontaneous term birth. In this study, based on sequence comparisons, we propose that CPPED1 is a member of the class III phosphodiesterase (PDE) subfamily within the calcineurin-like metallophosphoesterase (MPE) superfamily rather than a member of the phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) or metal-dependent protein phosphatase (PPM) protein families. We used a human proteome microarray to identify 36 proteins that putatively interact with CPPED1. Of these, GRB2, PAK4 and PIK3R2 are known to regulate the PI3K-AKT pathway. We further confirmed CPPED1 interactions with PAK4 and PIK3R2 by coimmunoprecipitation analyses. We characterized the effect of CPPED1 on phosphorylation of PAK4 and PIK3R2 in vitro by mass spectrometry. CPPED1 dephosphorylated specific serine residues in PAK4, while phosphorylation levels in PIK3R2 remained unchanged. Our findings indicate that CPPED1 may regulate PI3K-AKT pathway activity at multiple levels. Higher CPPED1 levels may inhibit PI3K-AKT pathway maintaining pregnancy. Consequences of decreased CPPED1 expression during labour remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti M. Haapalainen
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Children and AdolescentsOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Ravindra Daddali
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Children and AdolescentsOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Mikko Hallman
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Children and AdolescentsOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Mika Rämet
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Children and AdolescentsOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
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Abstract
Male reproductive health has declined as indicated by increasing rates of cryptorchidism, i.e., undescended testis, poor semen quality, low serum testosterone level, and testicular cancer. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been proposed to have a role in this finding. In utero exposure to antiandrogenic EDCs, particularly at a sensitive period of fetal testicular development, the so-called 'masculinization programming window (MPW)', can disturb testicular development and function. Low androgen effect during the MPW can cause both short- and long-term reproductive disorders. A concurrent exposure to EDCs may also affect testicular function or damage testicular cells. Evidence from animal studies supports the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in development of male reproductive disorders. However, evidence from epidemiological studies is relatively mixed. In this article, we review the current literature that evaluated relationship between prenatal EDC exposures and anogenital distance, cryptorchidism, and congenital penile abnormality called hypospadias. We review also studies on the association between early life and postnatal EDC exposure and semen quality, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormone levels and testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwat Rodprasert
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena E. Virtanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Helena E. Virtanen,
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Arponen H, Evälahti M, Mäkitie O. Craniofacial and Craniocervical Features in Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: A Radiological Study of 17 Patients and 34 Controls. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:741548. [PMID: 34956076 PMCID: PMC8703216 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.741548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic mutations in the non-coding RNA gene RMRP cause Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH), a rare skeletal dysplasia in which the main phenotypic characteristic is severe progressive growth retardation. OBJECTIVE This study compared the cranial dimensions of individuals with CHH to healthy subjects. METHODS Lateral skull radiographs of 17 patients with CHH (age range 10 to 59 years) and 34 healthy individuals (age range 10 to 54 years) were analyzed for relative position of the jaws to skull base, craniofacial height and depth, as well as vertical growth pattern of the lower jaw, anterior cranial base angle, and the relationship between the cervical spine and skull base. RESULTS We found that the length of the upper and lower jaws, and clivus were significantly decreased in patients with CHH as compared to the controls. Anterior cranial base angle was large in patients with CHH. Basilar invagination was not found. CONCLUSION This study found no severe craniofacial involvement of patients with CHH, except for the short jaws. Unexpectedly, mandibular deficiency did not lead to skeletal class II malocclusion. CLINICAL IMPACT Although the jaws were shorter in patients with CHH, they were proportional to each other. A short posterior cranial base was not associated with craniocervical junction pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Arponen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Heidi Arponen,
| | - Marjut Evälahti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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