1
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Yip T, Qi X, Yan H, Chang Y. Therapeutic applications of RNA nanostructures. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28807-28821. [PMID: 39263430 PMCID: PMC11387945 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics have gained wide public interest in recent years. RNA is a versatile molecule that exists in many forms including mRNA, siRNA, miRNA, ribozymes, and other non-coding RNAs and is primarily applied for gene therapy. RNA is also used as a modular building block to construct RNA nanostructures. The programmable nature of RNA nanostructures enables the generation of simple, modulable, and multi-functional RNA-based therapeutics. Although the therapeutic application of RNA may be limited due to its structural instability, advances in RNA nanotechnology have improved the stability of RNA nanostructures for greater application. Various strategies have been developed to enhance the stability of RNA nanostructures enabling their application in vivo. In this review, we examine the therapeutic applications of RNA nanostructures. Non-immunogenic RNA nanostructures can be rationally designed with functional RNA molecules to modulate gene expression for gene therapy. On the other hand, nucleic acids can be sensed by cellular receptors to elicit an innate immune response, for which certain DNA and RNA motifs can function as adjuvants. Taking advantage of this adjuvant potential, RNA nanostructures can be used for immunotherapy and be designed for cancer vaccines. Thus, we examine the therapeutic application of immunogenic RNA nanostructures for cancer immunotherapy. RNA nanostructures represent promising platforms to design new nanodrugs, gene therapeutics, immunotherapeutic adjuvants, and cancer vaccines. Ongoing research in the field of RNA nanotechnology will continue to empower the development of RNA nanostructure-based therapeutics with high efficacy and limited toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Yip
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
| | - Xiaodong Qi
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
| | - Hao Yan
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
| | - Yung Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
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2
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Li X, Jin K, Cheng TC, Liao YC, Lee WJ, Bhullar AS, Chen LC, Rychahou P, Phelps MA, Ho YS, Guo P. RNA four-way junction (4WJ) for spontaneous cancer-targeting, effective tumor-regression, metastasis suppression, fast renal excretion and undetectable toxicity. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122432. [PMID: 38176263 PMCID: PMC10994150 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The field of RNA therapeutics has been emerging as the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development. RNA nanoparticles have displayed motile and deformable properties to allow for high tumor accumulation with undetectable healthy organ accumulation. Therefore, RNA nanoparticles have the potential to serve as potent drug delivery vehicles with strong anti-cancer responses. Herein, we report the physicochemical basis for the rational design of a branched RNA four-way junction (4WJ) nanoparticle that results in advantageous high-thermostability and -drug payload for cancer therapy, including metastatic tumors in the lung. The 4WJ nanostructure displayed versatility through functionalization with an anti-cancer chemical drug, SN38, for the treatment of two different cancer models including colorectal cancer xenograft and orthotopic lung metastases of colon cancer. The resulting 4WJ RNA drug complex spontaneously targeted cancers effectively for cancer inhibition with and without ligands. The 4WJ displayed fast renal excretion, rapid body clearance, and little organ accumulation with undetectable toxicity and immunogenicity. The safety parameters were documented by organ histology, blood biochemistry, and pathological analysis. The highly efficient cancer inhibition, undetectable drug toxicity, and favorable Chemical, Manufacturing, and Control (CMC) production of RNA nanoparticles document a candidate with high potential for translation in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kai Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Tzu-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jui Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Abhjeet S Bhullar
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yuan Soon Ho
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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3
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Jin K, Liao YC, Cheng TC, Li X, Lee WJ, Pi F, Jasinski D, Chen LC, Phelps MA, Ho YS, Guo P. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Pathology and Safety Aspects of Three- and Four-Way Junction RNA Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:718-728. [PMID: 38214504 PMCID: PMC10976369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics has advanced into the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development, following chemical and protein therapeutics. RNA itself can serve as therapeutics, carriers, regulators, or substrates in drug development. Due to RNA's motile, dynamic, and deformable properties, RNA nanoparticles have demonstrated spontaneous targeting and accumulation in cancer vasculature and fast excretion through the kidney glomerulus to urine to prevent possible interactions with healthy organs. Furthermore, the negatively charged phosphate backbone of RNA results in general repulsion from negatively charged lipid cell membranes for further avoidance of vital organs. Thus, RNA nanoparticles can spontaneously enrich tumor vasculature and efficiently enter tumor cells via specific targeting, while those not entering the tumor tissue will clear from the body quickly. These favorable parameters have led to the expectation that RNA has low or little toxicity. RNA nanoparticles have been well characterized for their anticancer efficacy; however, little detail on RNA nanoparticle pathology and safety is known. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo assessment of the pathology and safety aspects of different RNA nanoparticles including RNA three-way junction (3WJ) harboring 2'-F modified pyrimidine, folic acid, and Survivin siRNA, as well as the RNA four-way junction (4WJ) harboring 2'-F modified pyrimidine and 24 copies of SN38. Both animal models and patient serum were investigated. In vitro studies include hemolysis, platelet aggregation, complement activation, plasma coagulation, and interferon induction. In vivo studies include hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, hematological and biochemical analysis as the serum profiling, and animal organ weight study. No significant toxicity, side effect, or immune responses were detected during the extensive safety evaluations of RNA nanoparticles. These results further complement previous cancer inhibition studies and demonstrate RNA nanoparticles as an effective and safe drug delivery vehicle for future clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - You-Cheng Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wen-Jui Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Fengmei Pi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Daniel Jasinski
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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4
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Shou J, Li S, Shi W, Zhang S, Zeng Z, Guo Z, Ye Z, Wen Z, Qiu H, Wang J, Zhou M. 3WJ RNA Nanoparticles-Aptamer Functionalized Exosomes From M2 Macrophages Target BMSCs to Promote the Healing of Bone Fractures. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:758-774. [PMID: 37740533 PMCID: PMC10630079 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to now, impaired bone regeneration severely affects the healing of bone fractures, thus bringing tremendous suffering to patients. As a vital mediator between inflammatory response and bone regeneration, M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-Exos) attenuate inflammation and promote tissue repair. However, due to a lack of specific targeting property, M2-Exos will be rapidly eliminated after systematic administration, thus compromising their effectiveness in promoting bone regeneration. To solve this hurdle, we initially harvested and characterized the pro-osteogenic properties of M2-Exos. A bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-specific aptamer was synthesized and 3-way junction (3WJ) RNA nanoparticles were applied to conjugate the BMSC-specific aptamer and M2-Exos. In vitro assays revealed that M2-Exos bore the representative features of exosomes and significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. 3WJ RNA nanoparticles-aptamer functionalized M2-Exos (3WJ-BMSCapt/M2-Exos) maintained the original physical characteristics of M2-Exos, but bore a high specific binding ability to BMSCs. Furthermore, when being systemically administered in the mice model with femoral bone fractures, these functionalized M2-Exos mainly accumulated at the bone fracture site with a slow release of exosomal cargo, thereby significantly accelerating the healing processes compared with the M2-Exos group. Our study indicated that the 3WJ-BMSCapt/M2-Exos with BMSCs targeting ability and controlled release would be a promising strategy to treat bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Shou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Li
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenzhe Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Zecong Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziming Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuohao Wen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiguo Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinheng Wang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China
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5
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Hınçer A, Ahan RE, Aras E, Şeker UÖŞ. Making the Next Generation of Therapeutics: mRNA Meets Synthetic Biology. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2505-2515. [PMID: 37672348 PMCID: PMC10510722 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of mRNA-based therapeutics centers around the natural functioning of mRNA molecules to provide the genetic information required for protein translation. To improve the efficacy of these therapeutics and minimize side effects, researchers can focus on the features of mRNA itself or the properties of the delivery agent to achieve the desired response. The tools considered for mRNA manipulation can be improved in terms of targetability, tunability, and translatability to medicine. While ongoing studies are dedicated to improving conventional approaches, innovative approaches can also be considered to unleash the full potential of mRNA-based therapeutics. Here, we discuss the opportunities that emerged from introducing synthetic biology to mRNA therapeutics. It includes a discussion of modular self-assembled mRNA nanoparticles, logic gates on a single mRNA molecule, and other possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Hınçer
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National
Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent
University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Recep Erdem Ahan
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National
Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent
University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ebru Aras
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National
Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent
University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Urartu Özgür Şafak Şeker
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National
Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent
University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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6
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Losurdo P, de Manzini N, Palmisano S, Grassi M, Parisi S, Rizzolio F, Tierno D, Biasin A, Grassi C, Truong NH, Grassi G. Potential Application of Small Interfering RNA in Gastro-Intestinal Tumors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1295. [PMID: 36297407 PMCID: PMC9612316 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress made in the diagnoses and therapy of gastrointestinal cancers, these diseases are still plagued by a high mortality. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required. In this regard, small interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA molecules able to specifically target the mRNA of pathological genes, have the potential to be of therapeutic value. To be effective in the human body, siRNAs need to be protected against degradation. Additionally, they need to target the tumor, leaving the normal tissue untouched in an effort to preserve organ function. To accomplish these tasks, siRNAs have been formulated with smart delivery systems such has polymers and lipids. While siRNA protection is not particularly difficult to achieve, their targeting of tumor cells remains problematic. Here, after introducing the general features of gastrointestinal cancers, we describe siRNA characteristics together with representative delivery systems developed for gastrointestinal cancers. Afterward, we present a selection of research papers employing siRNAs against upper- and lower- gastrointestinal cancers. For the liver, we also consider papers using siRNAs to combat liver cirrhosis, a relevant risk factor for liver cancer development. Finally, we present a brief description of clinical trials employing siRNAs for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Losurdo
- Surgical Clinic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicolò de Manzini
- Surgical Clinic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Palmisano
- Surgical Clinic Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Salvatore Parisi
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Pordenone, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Pordenone, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Domenico Tierno
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Biasin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, Via Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Grassi
- Degree Course in Medicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nhung Hai Truong
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNUHCM—University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, VNUHCM—University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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7
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Li X, Bhullar AS, Binzel DW, Guo P. The dynamic, motile and deformative properties of RNA nanoparticles facilitate the third milestone of drug development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114316. [PMID: 35526663 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Besides mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA, cells contain many other noncoding RNA that display critical roles in the regulation of cellular functions. Human genome sequencing revealed that the majority of non-protein-coding DNA actually codes for non-coding RNAs. The dynamic nature of RNA results in its motile and deformative behavior. These conformational transitions such as the change of base-pairing, breathing within complemented strands, and pseudoknot formation at the 2D level as well as the induced-fit and conformational capture at the 3D level are important for their biological functions including regulation, translation, and catalysis. The dynamic, motile and catalytic activity has led to a belief that RNA is the origin of life. We have recently reported that the deformative property of RNA nanoparticles enhances their penetration through the leaky blood vessel of cancers which leads to highly efficient tumor accumulation. This special deformative property also enables RNA nanoparticles to pass the glomerulus, overcoming the filtration size limit, resulting in fast renal excretion and rapid body clearance, thus low or no toxicity. The biodistribution of RNA nanoparticles can be further improved by the incorporation of ligands for cancer targeting. In addition to the favorable biodistribution profiles, RNA nanoparticles possess other properties including self-assembly, negative charge, programmability, and multivalency; making it a great material for pharmaceutical applications. The intrinsic negative charge of RNA nanoparticles decreases the toxicity of drugs by preventing nonspecific binding to the negative charged cell membrane and enhancing the solubility of hydrophobic drugs. The polyvalent property of RNA nanoparticles allows the multi-functionalization which can apply to overcome drug resistance. This review focuses on the summary of these unique properties of RNA nanoparticles, which describes the mechanism of RNA dynamic, motile and deformative properties, and elucidates and prepares to welcome the RNA therapeutics as the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Abhjeet S Bhullar
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, College of Art and Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Daniel W Binzel
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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8
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yingBai Y, meiCheng Y, Wang W, Yang L, Yang Y. In vivo and in vitro studies of Alloimperatorin induced autophagy in cervical cancer cells via reactive oxygen species pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14299-14314. [PMID: 36708242 PMCID: PMC9995126 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2084243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alloimperatorin (Alloi) has been shown to have anti-proliferative effects in our previous studies. we aimed to investigate whether Alloimperatorin induces autophagy through the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway and anticancer activity in vivo. The anti-proliferative effect of Alloimperatorin was evaluated using a cell counting kit (CCK-8 kit). Apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy, immunofluorescence, and mRFP-GFP-LC3 lentivirus transfection were used to verify autophagy. Electron microscopy detection of autophagosomes was induced by Alloimperatorin. Western blotting was used to detect autophagy proteins in HeLa and SiHa cells. A xenograft model was used to monitor the inhibitory effect of Alloimperatorin on tumor growth in nude mice. The results showed that Alloimperatorin induced ROS production and inhibited the proliferation of HeLa and SiHa cells. Furthermore, Alloimperatorin increased the apoptosis rate in HeLa and SiHa cells. Confocal microscopy fluorescence indicated that Alloimperatorin increased autophagy fluorescence of HeLa and SiHa cells. mRFP-GFP-LC3 lentivirus transfection and electron microscopy demonstrated that Alloimperatorin increased autophagy in HeLa and SiHa cells. Western blotting showed that Alloimperatorin induced the expression of autophagy proteins in HeLa and SiHa cells. However, N-acetylcysteine reversed the autophagy. These results demonstrate that Alloimperatorin can induce autophagy in HeLa and SiHa cells through the ROS pathway. In vivo xenograft experiments showed that Alloimperatorin could inhibit tumor growth in nude mice. Alloimperatorin is expected to be an effective new drug for cervical cancer treatment.Abbreviations: ROS, reactive oxygen species; Alloi, Alloimperatorin; CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit-8; NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine; DCFH-DA, 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; OD, optical density; PBS, phosphate buffer solution; BCA, bicinchoninic acid; DAPI, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying yingBai
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yue meiCheng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yongxiu Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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9
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Halloy F, Biscans A, Bujold KE, Debacker A, Hill AC, Lacroix A, Luige O, Strömberg R, Sundstrom L, Vogel J, Ghidini A. Innovative developments and emerging technologies in RNA therapeutics. RNA Biol 2022; 19:313-332. [PMID: 35188077 PMCID: PMC8865321 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2027150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics are emerging as a powerful platform for the treatment of multiple diseases. Currently, the two main categories of nucleic acid therapeutics, antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), achieve their therapeutic effect through either gene silencing, splicing modulation or microRNA binding, giving rise to versatile options to target pathogenic gene expression patterns. Moreover, ongoing research seeks to expand the scope of RNA-based drugs to include more complex nucleic acid templates, such as messenger RNA, as exemplified by the first approved mRNA-based vaccine in 2020. The increasing number of approved sequences and ongoing clinical trials has attracted considerable interest in the chemical development of oligonucleotides and nucleic acids as drugs, especially since the FDA approval of the first siRNA drug in 2018. As a result, a variety of innovative approaches is emerging, highlighting the potential of RNA as one of the most prominent therapeutic tools in the drug design and development pipeline. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of current efforts in academia and industry aimed at fully realizing the potential of RNA-based therapeutics. Towards this, we introduce established and emerging RNA-based technologies, with a focus on their potential as biosensors and therapeutics. We then describe their mechanisms of action and their application in different disease contexts, along with the strengths and limitations of each strategy. Since the nucleic acid toolbox is rapidly expanding, we also introduce RNA minimal architectures, RNA/protein cleavers and viral RNA as promising modalities for new therapeutics and discuss future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Halloy
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annabelle Biscans
- Oligonucleotide Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&d, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katherine E. Bujold
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, (Ontario), Canada
| | | | - Alyssa C. Hill
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eth Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Lacroix
- Sixfold Bioscience, Translation & Innovation Hub, London, UK
| | - Olivia Luige
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Linda Sundstrom
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&d, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (Hiri), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (Hzi), Würzburg, Germany
- RNA Biology Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alice Ghidini
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&d, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Xiao D, Huang Y, Huang S, Zhuang J, Chen P, Wang Y, Zhang L. Targeted delivery of cancer drug paclitaxel to chordomas tumor cells via an RNA nanoparticle harboring an EGFR aptamer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 212:112366. [PMID: 35144131 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel has been extensively used in clinics for cancer treatment. However, its limited solubility in aqueous solution and high occurrence of side effects have also been widely reported. In this study, we constructed a biocompatible RNA nanoparticle delivery system (3WJ-EGFRapt) that includes 3WJ (3-way junction) nanoparticle with a size of 4.85 ± 0.59 nm as a backbone and an EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) aptamer for specific targeting to chordomas cells, which owns the encapsulation ability of drug paclitaxel (PTX) for cancer therapy. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry results confirmed 3WJ-EGFRapt nanoparticle exhibited excellent specific targeting to chordomas cell U-CH2 which is an EGFR(+) cell line; while the 3WJ nanoparticle lose the targeted ability. Both of the two nanoparticles own no sensitivity to lung cancer cell H520 which is an EGFR(-) cell line. Moreover, the 3WJ-EGFRapt nanoparticle encapsulated drug PTX could enhance the inhibition efficiency of chordomas tumor cells U-CH2 as compared to free PTX alone. This work demonstrates that RNA-3WJ constructed with a targeting aptamer provides a compromising targeted drug delivery ability on chordomas cells for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yongxiong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shuaihao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jianxiong Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - P Chen
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Yi Wang
- Nanopeptide (Qingdao) Biotechnology LTD, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
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11
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Kumar A, Singam A, Swaminathan G, Killi N, Tangudu NK, Jose J, Gundloori Vn R, Dinesh Kumar L. Combinatorial therapy using RNAi and curcumin nano-architectures regresses tumors in breast and colon cancer models. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:492-505. [PMID: 34913453 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04411g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a debilitating disease and one of the leading causes of death in the world. In spite of the current clinical management being dependent on applying robust pathological variables and well-defined therapeutic strategies, there is an imminent need for novel and targeted therapies with least side effects. RNA interference (RNAi) has gained attention due to its precise potential for targeting multiple genes involved in cancer progression. Nanoparticles with their enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect have been found to overcome the limitations of RNAi-based therapies. With their high transportation capacity, nanocarriers can target RNAi molecules to tumor tissues and protect them from enzymatic degradation. Accumulating evidence has shown that tyrosine kinase Ephb4 is overexpressed in various cancers. Therefore, we report here the development and pre-clinical validation of curcumin-chitosan-loaded: eudragit-coated nanocomposites conjugated with Ephb4 shRNA as a feasible bio-drug to suppress breast and colon cancers. The proposed bio-drug is non-toxic and bio-compatible with a higher uptake efficiency and through our experimental results we have demonstrated the effective site-specific delivery of this biodrug and the successfull silencing of their respective target genes in vivo in autochthonous knockout models of breast and colon cancer. While mammary tumors showed a considerable decrease in size, oral administration of the biodrug conjugate to Apc knockout colon models prolonged the animal survival period by six months. Hence, this study has provided empirical proof that the combinatorial approach involving RNA interference and nanotechnology is a promising alliance for next-generation cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, (CCMB) Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
| | - Amarnath Singam
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Guruprasadh Swaminathan
- Cancer Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, (CCMB) Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
| | - Naresh Killi
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Tangudu
- Cancer Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, (CCMB) Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
| | - Jedy Jose
- Cancer Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, (CCMB) Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
| | - Rathna Gundloori Vn
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lekha Dinesh Kumar
- Cancer Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, (CCMB) Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
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12
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Chen K, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Chu H, Huang K, Shao X, Asakiya C, Huang K, Xu W. Insights into nucleic acid-based self-assembling nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery and controlled drug release. J Control Release 2021; 341:869-891. [PMID: 34952045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, rapid advances of nucleic acid nanotechnology always drive the development of nanoassemblies with programmable design, powerful functionality, excellent biocompatibility and outstanding biosafety. Nowadays, nucleic acid-based self-assembling nanocarriers (NASNs) play an increasingly greater role in the research and development in biomedical studies, particularly in drug delivery, release and targeting. In this review, NASNs are systematically summarized the strategies cooperated with their broad applications in drug delivery. We first discuss the self-assembling methods of nanocarriers comprised of DNA, RNA and composite materials, and summarize various categories of targeting media, including aptamers, small molecule ligands and proteins. Furthermore, drug release strategies by smart-responding multiple kinds of stimuli are explained, and various applications of NASNs in drug delivery are discussed, including protein drugs, nucleic acid drugs, small molecule drugs and nanodrugs. Lastly, we propose limitations and potential of NASNs in the future development, and expect that NASNs enable facilitate the development of new-generation drug vectors to assist in solving the growing demands on disease diagnosis and therapy or other biomedicine-related applications in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Chen
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yangzi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Longjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huashuo Chu
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangli Shao
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Charles Asakiya
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, No. 17, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China.
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13
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Hill A, van Leeuwen D, Schlösser V, Behera A, Mateescu B, Hall J. Chemically synthesized, self-assembling small interfering RNA-prohead RNA molecules trigger Dicer-independent gene silencing. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103995. [PMID: 34879171 PMCID: PMC9305526 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes is a powerful therapeutic modality, but the translation of siRNAs from the bench into clinical application has been hampered by inefficient delivery in vivo. An innovative delivery strategy involves fusing siRNAs to a three‐way junction (3WJ) motif derived from the phi29 bacteriophage prohead RNA (pRNA). Chimeric siRNA‐3WJ molecules are presumed to enter the RNAi pathway through Dicer cleavage. Here, we fused siRNAs to the phi29 3WJ and two phylogenetically related 3WJs. We confirmed that the siRNA‐3WJs are substrates for Dicer in vitro. However, our results reveal that siRNA‐3WJs transfected into Dicer‐deficient cell lines trigger potent gene silencing. Interestingly, siRNA‐3WJs transfected into an Argonaute 2‐deficient cell line also retain some gene silencing activity. siRNA‐3WJs are most efficient when the antisense strand of the siRNA duplex is positioned 5′ of the 3WJ (5′‐siRNA‐3WJ) relative to 3′ of the 3WJ (3′‐siRNA‐3WJ). This work sheds light on the functional properties of siRNA‐3WJs and offers a design rule for maximizing their potency in the human RNAi pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Hill
- ETH Zurich D-CHAB: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, SWITZERLAND
| | - Daniël van Leeuwen
- ETH Zürich D-BIOL: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Biologie, Department of Biology, SWITZERLAND
| | - Verena Schlösser
- ETH Zurich D-CHAB: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, SWITZERLAND
| | - Alok Behera
- ETH Zurich D-CHAB: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, SWITZERLAND
| | - Bogdan Mateescu
- ETH Zürich D-BIOL: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Biologie, Department of Biology, SWITZERLAND
| | - Jonathan Hall
- ETH Zurich D-CHAB: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, SWITZERLAND
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14
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Self-assembled RNA nanocarrier-mediated chemotherapy combined with molecular targeting in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:388. [PMID: 34823537 PMCID: PMC8614048 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer is the fifth most common cancer affecting men in China. The primary treatment options are surgery and traditional radio-chemotherapy; no effective targeted therapy exists yet. Self-assembled RNA nanocarriers are highly stable, easily functionally modified, and have weak off-tumor targeting effects. Thus, they are among the most preferred carriers for mediating the targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs. miR-375 was found to be significantly down-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and its overexpression effectively inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells. Moreover, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was overexpressed in ESCC cells, and accumulation of RNA nanoparticles in ESCC tumors was enhanced by EGFR-specific aptamer (EGFRapt) modification. Results Herein, a novel four-way junction RNA nanocarrier, 4WJ-EGFRapt-miR-375-PTX simultaneously loaded with miR-375, PTX and decorated with EGFRapt, was developed. In vitro analysis demonstrated that 4WJ-EGFRapt-miR-375-PTX possesses strong thermal and pH stabilities. EGFRapt decoration facilitated tumor cell endocytosis and promoted deep penetration into 3D-ESCC spheroids. Xenograft mouse model for ESCC confirmed that 4WJ-EGFRapt-miR-375-PTX was selectively distributed in tumor sites via EGFRapt-mediating active targeting and targeted co-delivery of miR-375 and PTX exhibited more effective therapeutic efficacy with low systemic toxicity. Conclusion This strategy may provide a practical approach for targeted therapy of ESCC. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01135-5.
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15
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Harvey C, Klassa S, Finol E, Hall J, Hill AC. Chimeric Flaviviral RNA-siRNA Molecules Resist Degradation by The Exoribonuclease Xrn1 and Trigger Gene Silencing in Mammalian Cells. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3099-3106. [PMID: 34431199 PMCID: PMC8596575 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA is an emerging platform for drug delivery, but the susceptibility of RNA to nuclease degradation remains a major barrier to its implementation in vivo. Here, we engineered flaviviral Xrn1-resistant RNA (xrRNA) motifs to host small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes. The xrRNA-siRNA molecules self-assemble in vitro, resist degradation by the conserved eukaryotic 5' to 3' exoribonuclease Xrn1, and trigger gene silencing in 293T cells. The resistance of the molecules to Xrn1 does not translate to stability in blood serum. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate that flavivirus-derived xrRNA motifs can confer Xrn1 resistance on a model therapeutic payload and set the stage for further investigations into using the motifs as building blocks in RNA nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cressida Harvey
- Department of BiologyETH ZürichWolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 278093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Sven Klassa
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesInstitute of Pharmaceutical SciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/108093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Esteban Finol
- Department of BiologyETH ZürichWolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 278093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Jonathan Hall
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesInstitute of Pharmaceutical SciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/108093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Alyssa C. Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesInstitute of Pharmaceutical SciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/108093ZürichSwitzerland
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16
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Rational design for controlled release of Dicer-substrate siRNA harbored in phi29 pRNA-based nanoparticles. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:524-535. [PMID: 34589275 PMCID: PMC8463318 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for silencing genes and treating disease has been a dream since ranking as a top Breakthrough of the Year in 2002 by Science. With the recent FDA approval of four siRNA-based drugs, the potential of RNA therapeutics to become the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development has become a reality. However, the field of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics still faces challenges such as specificity in targeting, intracellular processing, and endosome trapping after targeted delivery. Dicer-substrate siRNAs included onto RNA nanoparticles may be able to overcome these challenges. Here, we show that pRNA-based nanoparticles can be designed to efficiently harbor the Dicer-substrate siRNAs in vitro and in vivo to the cytosol of tumor cells and release the siRNA. The structure optimization and chemical modification for controlled release of Dicer-substrate siRNAs in tumor cells were also evaluated through molecular beacon analysis. Studies on the length requirement of the overhanging siRNA revealed that at least 23 nucleotides at the dweller's arm were needed for dicer processing. The above sequence parameters and structure optimization were confirmed in recent studies demonstrating the release of functional Survivin siRNA from the pRNA-based nanoparticles for cancer inhibition in non-small-cell lung, breast, and prostate cancer animal models.
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Blanco Carcache PJ, Guo S, Li H, Zhang K, Xu C, Chiu W, Guo P. Regulation of reversible conformational change, size switching, and immunomodulation of RNA nanocubes. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:971-980. [PMID: 34193550 PMCID: PMC8370748 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078718.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In biological systems, conformational changes and allosteric modulation play pivotal roles in regulating biological functions, such as the dynamic change of protein molecules, in response to binding or interacting with other factors such as pH, voltage, salt, light, or ligand. RNA can be manipulated and tuned with a level of simplicity that is characteristic of DNA or polymers, while displaying versatility in structure, diversity in function, and adaptability in a configuration similar to proteins. In the past, the work on the investigation of conformational change mainly focused on protein. The induced-fit and conformational capture in RNA have also been explored, such as in the study of riboswitches. Herein, we report the engineering of three-dimensional RNA nanocubes and demonstrated the operation and regulation for its configuration. We demonstrate the operation of reconfigurable RNA nanocubes whose shapes change precisely and reversibly in response to a specific trigger strand. The shape, size, and conformation can be regulated precisely and reversibly in response to the specific triggering signals. The shape and conformational conversion were observed by cryo-EM and gel electrophoresis, respectively. Harnessing the size, shape, conformation, and self-assembly capabilities of the RNA nanocube can provide a new potential use of this technology as nanocarriers for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Blanco Carcache
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Sijin Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Congcong Xu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Wah Chiu
- Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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18
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Binzel DW, Li X, Burns N, Khan E, Lee WJ, Chen LC, Ellipilli S, Miles W, Ho YS, Guo P. Thermostability, Tunability, and Tenacity of RNA as Rubbery Anionic Polymeric Materials in Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine-Specific Cancer Targeting with Undetectable Toxicity. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7398-7467. [PMID: 34038115 PMCID: PMC8312718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA nanotechnology is the bottom-up self-assembly of nanometer-scale architectures, resembling LEGOs, composed mainly of RNA. The ideal building material should be (1) versatile and controllable in shape and stoichiometry, (2) spontaneously self-assemble, and (3) thermodynamically, chemically, and enzymatically stable with a long shelf life. RNA building blocks exhibit each of the above. RNA is a polynucleic acid, making it a polymer, and its negative-charge prevents nonspecific binding to negatively charged cell membranes. The thermostability makes it suitable for logic gates, resistive memory, sensor set-ups, and NEM devices. RNA can be designed and manipulated with a level of simplicity of DNA while displaying versatile structure and enzyme activity of proteins. RNA can fold into single-stranded loops or bulges to serve as mounting dovetails for intermolecular or domain interactions without external linking dowels. RNA nanoparticles display rubber- and amoeba-like properties and are stretchable and shrinkable through multiple repeats, leading to enhanced tumor targeting and fast renal excretion to reduce toxicities. It was predicted in 2014 that RNA would be the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development. The recent approval of several RNA drugs and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines by FDA suggests that this milestone is being realized. Here, we review the unique properties of RNA nanotechnology, summarize its recent advancements, describe its distinct attributes inside or outside the body and discuss potential applications in nanotechnology, medicine, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Binzel
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Nicolas Burns
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Eshan Khan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wen-Jui Lee
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Satheesh Ellipilli
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wayne Miles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yuan Soon Ho
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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19
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Wang H, Guo P. Radiolabeled RNA Nanoparticles for Highly Specific Targeting and Efficient Tumor Accumulation with Favorable In Vivo Biodistribution. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2924-2934. [PMID: 34212728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic efficiency and toxicity are two of the three critical factors in molecular therapy and pharmaceutical drug development. Specific tumor targeting and rapid renal excretion contribute to improving efficiency and reducing toxicity. We recently found that RNA nanoparticles display rubber-like properties, enabling them to deliver therapeutics to cancer with high efficiency. Off-target RNA nanoparticles were rapidly cleared by renal excretion, resulting in nontoxicity. However, previous biodistribution studies relied mainly on fluorescent markers, which can cause interference from fluorophore quenching and autofluorescence. Thus, the quantification of biodistribution requires further scrutiny. In this study, radionuclide [3H] markers were used for quantitative pharmacokinetic (PK) studies to elucidate the favorable PK profile of RNA nanoparticles. Approximately 5% of [3H]-RNA nanoparticles accumulated in tumors, in contrast to the 0.7% tumor accumulation reported in the literature for other kinds of nanoparticles. The amount of [3H]-RNA nanoparticles accumulated in tumors was higher than that in the liver, heart, lung, spleen, and brain throughout the entire process after IV injection. [3H]-RNA nanoparticles rapidly reached the tumor vasculature within 30 min and remained in tumors for more than 2 days. Nontargeting [3H]-RNA nanoparticles were found in the urine 30 min after IV injection without degradation and processing, and more than 55% of the IV-injected radiolabeled RNA nanoparticles were cleared from the body within 12 h, while the other 45% includes the radiative counts that cannot be recovered due to whole-body distribution and blood dilution after intravenous injection. The high specificity of tumor targeting, fast renal excretion, and low organ accumulation illustrate the high therapeutic potential of RNA nanoparticles in cancer treatment as efficient cancer-targeting carriers with low toxicity and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Wang
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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20
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RNA origami design tools enable cotranscriptional folding of kilobase-sized nanoscaffolds. Nat Chem 2021; 13:549-558. [PMID: 33972754 PMCID: PMC7610888 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RNA origami is a framework for the modular design of nanoscaffolds that can be folded from a single strand of RNA, and used to organize molecular components with nanoscale precision. Design of genetically expressible RNA origami, which must cotranscriptionally fold, requires modeling and design tools that simultaneously consider thermodynamics, folding pathway, sequence constraints, and pseudoknot optimization. Here, we describe RNA Origami Automated Design software (ROAD), which builds origami models from a library of structural modules, identifies potential folding barriers, and designs optimized sequences. Using ROAD, we extend the scale and functional diversity of RNA scaffolds, creating 32 designs of up to 2360 nucleotides, five that scaffold two proteins, and seven that scaffold two small molecules at precise distances. Micrographic and chromatographic comparison of optimized and nonoptimized structures validates that our principles for strand routing and sequence design substantially improve yield. By providing efficient design of RNA origami, ROAD may simplify construction of custom RNA scaffolds for nanomedicine and synthetic biology.
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21
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Shu D, Zhang L, Bai X, Yu J, Guo P. Stoichiometry of multi-specific immune checkpoint RNA Abs for T cell activation and tumor inhibition using ultra-stable RNA nanoparticles. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:426-435. [PMID: 33868786 PMCID: PMC8042240 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a revolutionary subject in cancer therapy during the past few years. Immune checkpoint-targeting antibodies (Abs) could boost anticancer immune responses. However, certain protein-based immunotherapies revealed side effects and unfavorable biodistribution, so effective non-protein options with lower side effects are highly sought after. RNA's ability to form various three-dimensional configurations allows for the creation of a variety of ligands to bind different cell receptors. The rubber-like properties of RNA nanoparticles (NPs) allow for swift lodging to cancer vasculature with little accumulation in vital organs, resulting in a favorable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile and safe pharmacological parameters. Multi-specific drugs are expected to be the fourth wave of biopharmaceutical innovation. Herein, we report the development of multi-specific Ab-like RNA NPs carrying multiple ligands for immunotherapy. The stoichiometries and stereo conformations of the checkpoint-activating RNA NPs were optimized for T cell activation. When compared to mono- and bi-specific RNA NPs, the tri-specific Ab-like RNA NPs bound to the trimeric T cell receptor with the highest efficiency, showed the optimal T cell activation, and promoted the strongest anti-tumor function of immune cells. Animal trials demonstrated that the tri-specific RNA NPs inhibited cancer growth. This Ab-like RNA NP platform represents an alternative to protein Abs for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Long Zhang
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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22
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Luo SM, Tsai WC, Tsai CK, Chen Y, Hueng DY. ARID4B Knockdown Suppresses PI3K/AKT Signaling and Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioma Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1843-1855. [PMID: 33732001 PMCID: PMC7956898 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s286837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant primary brain cancer with a poor prognosis. We recently reported that ARID4B could potentially serve as a biomarker associated with poor survival in glioma patients. However, the function of ARID4B in human gliomas remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular cell biology role of ARID4B in human glioma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) datasets were analyzed for the expression of ARID4B in WHO pathological grading, overall survival and immunohistochemical staining. Using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, those findings were confirmed in normal brain tissue and glioma cell lines. ARID4B knockdown was conducted via lentivirus-based transfection of small hairpin RNA in human glioma cells to investigate cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. RESULTS In the present study, our analysis of GEO datasets showed that ARID4B mRNA expression is higher in WHO grade IV tumors (n = 81) than in non-tumor control tissue (n = 23, P <0.0001). ARID4B knockdown suppressed glioma cell proliferation and induced G1 phase arrest via the PI3K/AKT pathway. It also increased expression of HDAC1, leading to higher acetyl-p53 and acetyl-H3 levels and reduced glioma cell migration and invasion. These effects were mediated via downregulation of AKT pathway components, including p-mTOR, p-PI3K and p-AKT. ARID4B knockdown also led to downregulation of Cyclin D1, which increased apoptosis in human glioma cells. CONCLUSION These findings that ARID4B expression correlates positively with WHO pathologic grading in glioma. ARID4B knockdown suppresses PI3K/AKT signaling and induces apoptosis in human glioma cells. These results suggests that ARID4B acts as an oncogene in human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siou-Min Luo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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23
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Dönmüş B, Ünal S, Kirmizitaş FC, Türkoğlu Laçin N. Virus-associated ribozymes and nano carriers against COVID-19. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:204-218. [PMID: 33645342 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.1890103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a zoo tonic, highly pathogenic virus. The new type of coronavirus with contagious nature spread from Wuhan (China) to the whole world in a very short time and caused the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 has turned into a global public health crisis due to spreading by close person-to-person contact with high transmission capacity. Thus, research about the treatment of the damages caused by the virus or prevention from infection increases everyday. Besides, there is still no approved and definitive, standardized treatment for COVID-19. However, this disaster experienced by human beings has made us realize the significance of having a system ready for use to prevent humanity from viral attacks without wasting time. As is known, nanocarriers can be targeted to the desired cells in vitro and in vivo. The nano-carrier system targeting a specific protein, containing the enzyme inhibiting the action of the virus can be developed. The system can be used by simple modifications when we encounter another virus epidemic in the future. In this review, we present a potential treatment method consisting of a nanoparticle-ribozyme conjugate, targeting ACE-2 receptors by reviewing the virus-associated ribozymes, their structures, types and working mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Dönmüş
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinan Ünal
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ceren Kirmizitaş
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nelisa Türkoğlu Laçin
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Gangopadhyay S, Nikam RR, Gore KR. Folate Receptor-Mediated siRNA Delivery: Recent Developments and Future Directions for RNAi Therapeutics. Nucleic Acid Ther 2021; 31:245-270. [PMID: 33595381 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), a gene regulatory process mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), has made remarkable progress as a potential therapeutic agent against various diseases. However, RNAi is associated with fundamental challenges such as poor systemic delivery and susceptibility to the nucleases. Targeting ligand-bound delivery vehicles has improved the accumulation of drug at the target site, which has resulted in high transfection efficiency and enhanced gene silencing. Recently, folate receptor (FR)-mediated targeted delivery of siRNAs has garnered attention due to their enhanced cellular uptake and high transfection efficiency toward tumor cells. Folic acid (FA), due to its small size, low immunogenicity, high in vivo stability, and high binding affinity toward FRs, has attracted much attention for targeted siRNA delivery. FRs are overexpressed in a large number of tumors, including ovarian, breast, kidney, and lung cancer cells. In this review, we discuss recent advances in FA-mediated siRNA delivery to treat cancers and inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes various FA-conjugated nanoparticle systems reported so far in the literature, including liposome, silica, metal, graphene, dendrimers, chitosan, organic copolymers, and RNA nanoparticles. This review will help in the design and development of potential delivery vehicles for siRNA drug targeting to tumor cells using an FR-mediated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Gangopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Rahul R Nikam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Kiran R Gore
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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25
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Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a clinically approved therapeutic modality, which has attracted widespread attention not only from basic research but also from pharmaceutical industry. As siRNA can theoretically modulate any disease-related gene's expression, plenty of siRNA therapeutic pipelines have been established by tens of biotechnology companies. The drug performance of siRNA heavily depends on the sequence, the chemical modification, and the delivery of siRNA. Here, we describe the rational design protocol of siRNA, and provide some modification patterns that can enhance siRNA's stability and reduce its off-target effect. Also, the delivery method based on N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-siRNA conjugate that is widely employed to develop therapeutic regimens for liver-related diseases is also recapitulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lu
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
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26
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Mohammadinejad R, Dehshahri A, Sagar Madamsetty V, Zahmatkeshan M, Tavakol S, Makvandi P, Khorsandi D, Pardakhty A, Ashrafizadeh M, Ghasemipour Afshar E, Zarrabi A. In vivo gene delivery mediated by non-viral vectors for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2020; 325:249-275. [PMID: 32634464 PMCID: PMC7334939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy by expression constructs or down-regulation of certain genes has shown great potential for the treatment of various diseases. The wide clinical application of nucleic acid materials dependents on the development of biocompatible gene carriers. There are enormous various compounds widely investigated to be used as non-viral gene carriers including lipids, polymers, carbon materials, and inorganic structures. In this review, we will discuss the recent discoveries on non-viral gene delivery systems. We will also highlight the in vivo gene delivery mediated by non-viral vectors to treat cancer in different tissue and organs including brain, breast, lung, liver, stomach, and prostate. Finally, we will delineate the state-of-the-art and promising perspective of in vivo gene editing using non-viral nano-vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Vijay Sagar Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Masoumeh Zahmatkeshan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Naples, Italy; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6153753843, Iran
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced, Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran; Department of Biotechnology-Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
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27
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Badu S, Melnik R, Singh S. Mathematical and computational models of RNA nanoclusters and their applications in data-driven environments. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1804564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Badu
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roderick Melnik
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- BCAM-Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sundeep Singh
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Translation of the long-term fundamental studies on viral DNA packaging motors into nanotechnology and nanomedicine. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1103-1129. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Hu B, Zhong L, Weng Y, Peng L, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Liang XJ. Therapeutic siRNA: state of the art. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:101. [PMID: 32561705 PMCID: PMC7305320 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 700] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an ancient biological mechanism used to defend against external invasion. It theoretically can silence any disease-related genes in a sequence-specific manner, making small interfering RNA (siRNA) a promising therapeutic modality. After a two-decade journey from its discovery, two approvals of siRNA therapeutics, ONPATTRO® (patisiran) and GIVLAARI™ (givosiran), have been achieved by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. Reviewing the long-term pharmaceutical history of human beings, siRNA therapy currently has set up an extraordinary milestone, as it has already changed and will continue to change the treatment and management of human diseases. It can be administered quarterly, even twice-yearly, to achieve therapeutic effects, which is not the case for small molecules and antibodies. The drug development process was extremely hard, aiming to surmount complex obstacles, such as how to efficiently and safely deliver siRNAs to desired tissues and cells and how to enhance the performance of siRNAs with respect to their activity, stability, specificity and potential off-target effects. In this review, the evolution of siRNA chemical modifications and their biomedical performance are comprehensively reviewed. All clinically explored and commercialized siRNA delivery platforms, including the GalNAc (N-acetylgalactosamine)-siRNA conjugate, and their fundamental design principles are thoroughly discussed. The latest progress in siRNA therapeutic development is also summarized. This review provides a comprehensive view and roadmap for general readers working in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Weng
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Peng
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Hashemi SF, Tasharrofi N, Saber MM. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Teucrium polium leaf extract and assessment of their antitumor effects against MNK45 human gastric cancer cell line. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Qi X, Liu X, Matiski L, Rodriguez Del Villar R, Yip T, Zhang F, Sokalingam S, Jiang S, Liu L, Yan H, Chang Y. RNA Origami Nanostructures for Potent and Safe Anticancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4727-4740. [PMID: 32275389 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid developments in nucleic acid nanotechnology have enabled the rational design and construction of self-assembling DNA and RNA nanostructures that are highly programmable. We recently developed a replicable single-stranded RNA origami (RNA-OG) technology that allows a long RNA molecule to be programmed to self-assemble into nanostructures of various shapes. Here, we show that such RNA-OG is highly stable in serum/plasma, and we thus exploited its immunostimulatory potential. We demonstrated that the RNA-OG stimulates a potent innate response primarily through a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) pathway. In a murine peritoneal metastatic colon cancer model, intraperitoneally injected RNA-OG induced significant tumor retardation or regression by activating NK- and CD8-dependent antitumor immunity and antagonizing the peritoneal immunosuppressive environment. Unlike polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (PolyIC), a well-known double-stranded RNA analogue, the RNA-OG treatment did not cause a high level of type-I interferons in the blood nor apparent toxicity upon its systemic administration in the animals. This work establishes the function of RNA-OG as a potent line of TLR3 agonists that are safe and effective for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Qi
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Lawrence Matiski
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ryan Rodriguez Del Villar
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Theresa Yip
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Sriram Sokalingam
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Shuoxing Jiang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Li Liu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
- Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Hao Yan
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yung Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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Ma L, Wang H, Wang J, Liu L, Zhang S, Bu M. Novel Steroidal 5α,8α-Endoperoxide Derivatives with Semicarbazone/Thiosemicarbazone Side-chain as Apoptotic Inducers through an Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway: Design, Synthesis and Biological Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051209. [PMID: 32156024 PMCID: PMC7179397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel steroidal 5α,8α-endoperoxide derivatives bearing semicarbazone (7a–g) or thiosemicarbazone (7h–k) side chain were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicities in four human cancer cell lines (HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7, and A549) using the MTT assay in vitro. The results showed that compound 7j exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells (IC50 = 3.52 μM), being more potent than ergosterol peroxide. Further cellular mechanism studies in HepG2 cells indicated that compound 7j triggered the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which was associated with up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, activation levels of the caspase cascade, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The above findings indicated that compound 7j may be used as a promising skeleton for antitumor agents with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ma
- Research Institute of Medicine & Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Haijun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (H.W.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (H.W.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (H.W.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Song Zhang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Ming Bu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (H.W.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0452-266-3881
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Nanoparticles guided drug delivery and imaging in gastric cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 69:69-76. [PMID: 31954835 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer represents a deadly malignancy worldwide, yet current therapeutic regimens remain ineffective. Nanoparticle (NP) -based solutions could allow the design of novel therapeutic methods to eliminate this fatal disease. NPs typically carry out a significant role in multifunctional, multimodal imaging, and drug delivery carriers. In the recent decade, they have emerged as candidate approaches for the design of novel treatment strategies. Tumor nanotherapeutics characteristically possess various distinct advantages compared to conventional anti-cancer medications, which suffer from nonspecific bio-distribution, low solubility, and poor bioavailability. In this review, we will discuss the application of NPs in diagnosis and controlled drug delivery in gastric cancer (GC). We will focus on various NPs-based strategies employed against GC.
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Weng Y, Huang Q, Li C, Yang Y, Wang X, Yu J, Huang Y, Liang XJ. Improved Nucleic Acid Therapy with Advanced Nanoscale Biotechnology. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 19:581-601. [PMID: 31927331 PMCID: PMC6957827 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to a series of systemic and intracellular obstacles in nucleic acid (NA) therapy, including fast degradation in blood, renal clearance, poor cellular uptake, and inefficient endosomal escape, NAs may need delivery methods to transport to the cell nucleus or cytosol to be effective. Advanced nanoscale biotechnology-associated strategies, such as controlling the particle size, charge, drug loading, response to environmental signals, or other physical/chemical properties of delivery carriers, have provided great help for the in vivo and in vitro delivery of NA therapeutics. In this review, we introduce the characteristics of different NA modalities and illustrate how advanced nanoscale biotechnology assists NA therapy. The specific features and challenges of various nanocarriers in clinical and preclinical studies are summarized and discussed. With the help of advanced nanoscale biotechnology, some of the major barriers to the development of NA therapy will eventually be overcome in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Weng
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.
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Piao X, Yin H, Guo S, Wang H, Guo P. RNA Nanotechnology to Solubilize Hydrophobic Antitumor Drug for Targeted Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900951. [PMID: 31763137 PMCID: PMC6864502 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule drugs are used extensively in clinics for cancer treatment; however, many antitumor chemical drugs dissolve poorly in aqueous solution. Their poor solubility and nonselective delivery in vivo often cause severe side effects. Here, the application of RNA nanotechnology to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic drugs, using camptothecin (CPT) for proof-of-concept in targeted delivery for cancer treatment is reported. Multiple CPT prodrug molecules are conjugated to RNA oligos via a click reaction, and the resulting CPT-RNA conjugates efficiently self-assemble into thermodynamically stable RNA three-way junction (3WJ) nanoparticles. The RNA 3WJ is covalently linked with seven hydrophobic CPT prodrug molecules through cleavable ester bonds and a folic acid ligand for specific tumor targeting while remaining soluble in aqueous solutions without detectable aggregation at therapeutic dose. This CPT-RNA nanoparticle exhibits efficient and specific cell binding and internalization, leading to cell apoptosis. Tumor growth is effectively inhibited by CPT-RNA nanoparticles; the targeted delivery, strengthened by tumor ligand, further enhances tumor suppression. Compared with the traditional formulation, solubilization of CPT in aqueous buffer using RNA nanoparticles as a carrier is found to be safe and efficacious, demonstrating that RNA nanoparticles are a promising platform for the solubilization and the delivery of hydrophobic antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Piao
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and NanomedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- College of PharmacyDivision of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Hongran Yin
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and NanomedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- College of PharmacyDivision of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Sijin Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and NanomedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- College of PharmacyDivision of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and NanomedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- College of PharmacyDivision of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and NanomedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- College of PharmacyDivision of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- College of MedicineDorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
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Liu B, Cao W, Qiao G, Yao S, Pan S, Wang L, Yue C, Ma L, Liu Y, Cui D. Effects of gold nanoprism-assisted human PD-L1 siRNA on both gene down-regulation and photothermal therapy on lung cancer. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:307-319. [PMID: 31513911 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoprisms (GNPs) have been broadly studied for the potential applications in both imaging and treatment on tumors due to their special characteristics. Herein we reported that a new nanoplatform GNPs@PSS/PDADMAC-siRNA (GNPs-siRNA) was designed and fabricated by sequentially coating the GNPs with poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly (-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) to carry small interfering RNA (siRNA). Human program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was recently known to be crucial for cancer cell survival through the intrinsic signaling activities, besides serving as an important checkpoint gene in immune system. We successfully attached the human PD-L1 siRNA to the surface of GNPs@PSS/PDADMAC to obtain the GNPs-hPD-L1 siRNA nanoplatform. Real Time Cellular Analysis (RTCA) assay demonstrated that GNPs-hPD-L1 siRNA exhibited remarkable capacity to inhibit the proliferation of human lung cancer cells. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments verified that the GNPs-hPD-L1 siRNA not only functioned as a carrier for siRNA delivery to down-regulate the hPD-L1 expression, but also served for photoacoustic (PA) imaging and photothermal agents for photothermal therapy (PTT) in both human lung cancer cells and human lung cancer cells-derived tumors. Our findings could be expected to provide an innovative direction for future clinical transformation application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To our knowledge, this is the first paper related to the hPD-L1 siRNA delivery combined with the gold nanoparticles, especially the gold nanoprisms. The as-prepared GNPs-hPD-L1 siRNA nanoplatform not only functioned as a carrier for siRNA delivery to down-regulate the PD-L1 expression, but also acted as photothermal agents for theranostic effects in both human lung cancer cells and human lung cancer cells-derived tumors. The as-prepared GNPs-hPD-L1 siRNA nanoplatform could knock down human PD-L1 gene expression, which caused the inhibition on proliferation of human lung cancer cell in vitro or in vivo. The as-prepared GNPs-hPD-L1 siRNA nanoplatform possessed excellent photoacoustic imaging ability and photothermal therapy effects.
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Asahi W, Kurihara R, Takeyama K, Umehara Y, Kimura Y, Kondo T, Tanabe K. Aggregate Formation of BODIPY-Tethered Oligonucleotides That Led to Efficient Intracellular Penetration and Gene Regulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4456-4463. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Asahi
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
| | - Ryohsuke Kurihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takeyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yui Umehara
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yu Kimura
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Kondo
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
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Identification of the PTEN-ARID4B-PI3K pathway reveals the dependency on ARID4B by PTEN-deficient prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4332. [PMID: 31551414 PMCID: PMC6760172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is frequently mutated in prostate cancer. The tumor suppressor function of PTEN is attributed to its lipid phosphatase activity that counters PI3K action. Here, we report a PTEN-ARID4B-PI3K axis in which PTEN inhibits expression of ARID4B, while ARID4B is a transcriptional activator of the PI3K subunit genes PIK3CA and PIK3R2 that are crucial for activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Reciprocal binding of ARID4B and histone H1 to the PIK3CA and PIK3R2 promoters modulates chromatin condensation, suggesting a mechanism by which ARID4B activates these promoters. Functional analyses reveals that ARID4B is required for prostate tumorigenesis when PTEN is deficient. The biological significance is further substantiated by the existence of a PTEN/ARID4B/PIK3CA three-gene signature that improves the predictive power for prostate cancer recurrence in patients. In summary, we identify ARID4B as a master regulator in the PTEN-PI3K pathway, thus providing a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer carrying PTEN mutations. The identification of synthetic essential genes of PTEN is of therapeutic potential for PTEN-deficient prostate cancers. Here, the authors show that ARID4B is a synthetic essential gene in these cancers in which deficiency of PTEN prompts the AKT-ARID4B feedback loop required for activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
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Guo S, Xu C, Yin H, Hill J, Pi F, Guo P. Tuning the size, shape and structure of RNA nanoparticles for favorable cancer targeting and immunostimulation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1582. [PMID: 31456362 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has shown exponential growth in the field of RNA nanotechnology. The rapid advances of using RNA nanoparticles for biomedical applications, especially targeted cancer therapy, suggest its potential as a new generation of drug. After the first milestone of small molecule drugs and the second milestone of antibody drugs, it was predicted that RNA drugs, either RNA itself or chemicals/ligands that target RNA, will be the third milestone in drug development. Thus, a comprehensive assessment of the current therapeutic RNA nanoparticles is urgently needed to meet the drug evaluation criteria. Specifically, the pharmacological and immunological profiles of RNA nanoparticles need to be systematically studied to provide insights in rational design of RNA-based therapeutics. By virtue of its programmability and biocompatibility, RNA molecules can be designed to construct sophisticated nanoparticles with versatile functions/applications and highly tunable physicochemical properties. This intrinsic characteristic allows the systemic study of the effects of various properties of RNA nanoparticles on their in vivo behaviors such as cancer targeting and immune responses. This review will focus on the recent progress of RNA nanoparticles in cancer targeting, and summarize the effects of common physicochemical properties such as size and shape on the RNA nanoparticles' biodistribution and immunostimulation profiles. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Congcong Xu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hongran Yin
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Weng Y, Xiao H, Zhang J, Liang XJ, Huang Y. RNAi therapeutic and its innovative biotechnological evolution. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:801-825. [PMID: 31034960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Commission (EC) approved Alnylam Pharmaceuticals' RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic, ONPATTRO™ (Patisiran), for the treatment of the polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis in adults. This is the first RNAi therapeutic all over the world, as well as the first FDA-approved treatment for this indication. As a milestone event in RNAi pharmaceutical industry, it means, for the first time, people have broken through all development processes for RNAi drugs from research to clinic. With this achievement, RNAi approval may soar in the coming years. In this paper, we introduce the basic information of ONPATTRO and the properties of RNAi and nucleic acid therapeutics, update the clinical and preclinical development activities, review its complicated development history, summarize the key technologies of RNAi at early stage, and discuss the latest advances in delivery and modification technologies. It provides a comprehensive view and biotechnological insights of RNAi therapy for the broader audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Weng
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Yin H, Xiong G, Guo S, Xu C, Xu R, Guo P, Shu D. Delivery of Anti-miRNA for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy Using RNA Nanoparticles Targeting Stem Cell Marker CD133. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1252-1261. [PMID: 31085078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with a short median time from relapse to death. The increased aggressiveness, drug resistance, disease relapse, and metastasis are associated with the presence of stem cells within tumors. Several stem cell markers, such as CD24, CD44, CD133, ALDH1, and ABCG2, have been reported, but their roles in breast cancer tumorigenesis remain unclear. Herein, we apply RNA nanotechnology to deliver anti-microRNA (miRNA) for TNBC therapy. The thermodynamically and chemically stable three-way junction (3WJ) motif was utilized as the scaffold to carry an RNA aptamer binding to CD133 receptor and a locked nuclei acid (LNA) sequence for miRNA21 inhibition. Binding assays revealed the specific uptake of the nanoparticles to breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and TNBC cells. Functional assays showed that cancer cell migration was reduced, miR21 expression was inhibited, and downstream tumor suppressor PTEN and PDCD4 expressions were upregulated. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that these therapeutic RNA nanoparticles did not induce cytokine secretion. Systemic injection of these RNA nanoparticles in animal trial demonstrated high specificity in TNBC tumor targeting and high efficacy for tumor growth inhibition. These results revealed the clinical translation potential of these RNA nanoparticles for TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongran Yin
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gaofeng Xiong
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sijin Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Congcong Xu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ren Xu
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Dan Shu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Jasinski DL, Binzel DW, Guo P. One-Pot Production of RNA Nanoparticles via Automated Processing and Self-Assembly. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4603-4612. [PMID: 30888787 PMCID: PMC6542271 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
From the original sequencing of the human genome, it was found that about 98.5% of the genome did not code for proteins. Subsequent studies have now revealed that a much larger portion of the genome is related to short or long noncoding RNAs that regulate cellular activities. In addition to the milestones of chemical and protein drugs, it has been proposed that RNA drugs or drugs targeting RNA will become the third milestone in drug development ( Shu , Y. ; Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2014 , 66 , 74 . ). Currently, the yield and cost for RNA nanoparticle or RNA drug production requires improvement in order to advance the RNA field in both research and clinical translation by reducing the multiple tedious manufacturing steps. For example, with 98.5% incorporation efficiency of chemical synthesis of a 100 nucleotide RNA strand, RNA oligos will result with 78% contamination of aborted byproducts. Thus, RNA nanotechnology is one of the remedies, because large RNA can be assembled from small RNA fragments via bottom-up self-assembly. Here we report the one-pot production of RNA nanoparticles via automated processing and self-assembly. The continuous production of RNA by rolling circle transcription (RCT) using a circular dsDNA template is coupled with self-cleaving ribozymes encoded in the concatemeric RNA transcripts. Production was monitored in real-time. Automatic production of RNA fragments enabled their assembly either in situ or via one-pot co-transcription to obtain RNA nanoparticles of desired motifs and functionalities from bottom-up assembly of multiple RNA fragments. In combination with the RNA nanoparticle construction process, a purification method using a large-scale electrophoresis column was also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Medicine, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Efficient delivery of small interfering RNAs targeting particular mRNAs into pancreatic cancer cells inhibits invasiveness and metastasis of pancreatic tumors. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2869-2886. [PMID: 31080558 PMCID: PMC6499602 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against ARHGEF4, CCDC88A, LAMTOR2, mTOR, NUP85, and WASF2 and folic acid (FA)-modified polyethylene glycol (PEG)-chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (COL) nanoparticles for targeting, imaging, delivery, gene silencing, and inhibition of invasiveness and metastasis in an orthotopic xenograft model. In vitro assays revealed that these siRNA-FA-PEG-COL nanoparticles were specifically inserted into pancreatic cancer cells compared to immortalized normal pancreatic epithelial cells and knocked down expression of the corresponding targets in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell motility and invasion were significantly inhibited by adding target siRNA-FA-PEG-COL nanoparticles into the culture medium. In vivo mouse experiments confirmed that when intravenously delivered, these siRNA-FA-PEG-COL nanoparticles became incorporated into human pancreatic cancer cells in mouse pancreatic tumors. Little accumulation was seen in the normal pancreas and vital organs. All target siRNA-FA-PEG-COL nanoparticles significantly inhibited retroperitoneal invasion. The siRNA-FA-PEG-COL nanoparticles against LAMTOR2, mTOR, and NUP85, which strongly inhibited retroperitoneal invasion and significantly inhibited peritoneal dissemination compared to the other nanoparticles, improved prognosis of the mice. Our results imply that siRNA-FA-PEG-COL nanoparticles against these six targets could have great potential as biodegradable drug carriers. In particular, siRNA nanoparticles against LAMTOR2, mTOR, and NUP85 may hold significant clinical promise.
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Ye C, Wang W, Xia G, Yu C, Yi Y, Hua C, Tu F, Shen L, Chen C, Sun W, Zheng Z. A novel curcumin derivative CL-6 exerts antitumor effect in human gastric cancer cells by inducing apoptosis through Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2259-2269. [PMID: 30988630 PMCID: PMC6441554 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s196914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gastric carcinoma is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death in China. As a new generation of cancer therapeutic drug, CL-6, a curcumin derivative, shows better bioavailability than curcumin, which has shown anticancer effects in gastric cancer (GC). However, whether CL-6 shows similar activities in GC has not been examined. Materials and methods Cell proliferation assay, colony-forming assay, flow cytometric analysis, wound healing assay, and Transwell invasion assay were performed to examine the effects of CL-6 on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion on human AGS and MGC-803 cell lines. Western blot was used to evaluate protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, YAP, p-YAP, and Lats, and gene expression was measured by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results CL-6 dose dependently reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of AGS and MGC-803 cells. CL-6 also increased levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, decreased levels of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, and increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CL-6 treatment also inhibited YAP and YAP protein and mRNA expression, while it induced the expression of Lats and p-YAP (Ser127). Conclusion CL-6 induces apoptosis of GC cells by activating the Hippo–YAP signaling pathway. These results indicate the therapeutic potential of the novel curcumin derivative CL-6 in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmin Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China, ; .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China, ; .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China, ; .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Yi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China, ; .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyang Tu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China, ; .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Leibin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China, ; .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Canjin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China, ; .,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Zhiqiang Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China, ;
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Zhang J, Lan T, Lu Y. Molecular Engineering of Functional Nucleic Acid Nanomaterials toward In Vivo Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801158. [PMID: 30725526 PMCID: PMC6426685 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology and engineering have generated many nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical properties. Over the past decade, numerous nanomaterials are introduced into many research areas, such as sensors for environmental monitoring, food safety, point-of-care diagnostics, and as transducers for solar energy transfer. Meanwhile, functional nucleic acids (FNAs), including nucleic acid enzymes, aptamers, and aptazymes, have attracted major attention from the biomedical community due to their unique target recognition and catalytic properties. Benefiting from the recent progress of molecular engineering strategies, the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials are endowed by the target recognition and catalytic activity of FNAs in the presence of a target analyte, resulting in numerous smart nanoprobes for diverse applications including intracellular imaging, drug delivery, in vivo imaging, and tumor therapy. This progress report focuses on the recent advances in designing and engineering FNA-based nanomaterials, highlighting the functional outcomes toward in vivo applications. The challenges and opportunities for the future translation of FNA-based nanomaterials into clinical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Tian Lan
- GlucoSentient, Inc., 2100 S. Oak Street Suite 101, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Yin H, Wang H, Li Z, Shu D, Guo P. RNA Micelles for the Systemic Delivery of Anti-miRNA for Cancer Targeting and Inhibition without Ligand. ACS NANO 2019; 13:706-717. [PMID: 30543397 PMCID: PMC6542267 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Displaying the advantage of nanoparticles in cancer targeting and drug delivery, micelles have shown great potential in cancer therapy. The mechanism for micelle targeting to cancer without the need for ligands is due to the size advantage of micelles within the lower end of the nanometer scale that is the optimal size for favoring the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect while escaping trapping by macrophages. MicroRNAs are ubiquitous and play critical roles in regulating gene expression, cell growth, and cancer development. However, their in vivo delivery in medical applications is still challenging. Here, we report the targeted delivery of anti-miRNA to cancers via RNA micelles. The phi29 packaging RNA three-way junction (pRNA-3WJ) was used as a scaffold to construct micelles. An oligo with 8nt locked nucleic acid (LNA) complementary to the seed region of microRNA21(miR21) was included in the micelles as an interference molecule for cancer inhibition. These RNA micelles carrying anti-miR21 exhibited strong binding and internalization to cancer cells, inhibited the function of oncogenic miR21, enhanced the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor, and induced cell apoptosis. Animal trials revealed effective tumor targeting and inhibition in xenograft models. The inclusion of folate as a targeting ligand in the micelles did not show significant improvement of the therapeutic efficacy in vivo, suggesting that micelles can carry therapeutics to a target tumor and inhibit its growth without ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongran Yin
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
| | - Zhefeng Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
| | - Dan Shu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
- Corresponding Authors; phone: 614-293-2114. ; phone: 614-293-2118
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Corresponding Authors; phone: 614-293-2114. ; phone: 614-293-2118
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Xu C, Li H, Zhang K, Binzel DW, Yin H, Chiu W, Guo P. Photo-controlled release of paclitaxel and model drugs from RNA pyramids. NANO RESEARCH 2019; 12:41-48. [PMID: 31258852 PMCID: PMC6599617 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-018-2174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive release of drugs from a nanocarrier in spatial-, temporal-, and dosage-controlled fashions is of great interest in the pharmaceutical industry. Paclitaxel is one of the most effective and popular chemotherapeutic drugs against a number of cancers such as metastatic or nonmetastatic breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, refractory ovarian cancer, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, and head and neck cancers. Here, by taking the advantage of RNA nanotechnology in biomedical and material science, we developed a three-dimensional pyramid-shaped RNA nanocage for a photocontrolled release of cargo, using paclitaxel as a model drug. The light-triggered release of paclitaxel or fluorophore Cy5 was achieved by incorporation of photocleavable spacers into the RNA nanoparticles. Upon irradiation with ultraviolet light, cargos were rapidly released (within 5 min). In vitro treatment of breast cancer cells with the RNA nanoparticles harboring photocleavable paclitaxel showed higher cytotoxicity as compared to RNA nanoparticles without the photocleavable spacer. The methodology provides proof of concept for the application of the light-triggered controlled release of drugs from RNA nanocages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Departments of Bioengineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel W Binzel
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Hongran Yin
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Wah Chiu
- Departments of Bioengineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine; Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Liang YK, Han ZD, Lu JM, Liu ZZ, Zhuo YJ, Zhu XJ, Chen JX, Ye JH, Liang YX, He HC, Zhong WD. Downregulation of ARID4A and ARID4B promote tumor progression and directly regulated by microRNA-30d in patient with prostate cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7245-7255. [PMID: 29797600 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AT-rich interaction domain 4A (ARID4A) and AT-rich interaction domain 4B (ARID4B), which are both the AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) family, have been reported to be oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in various human malignances, but there is no involvement about their functions in prostate cancer (PCa). Our previous study has reported that microRNA-30d (miR-30d) expression can predicted poor clinical prognosis in PCa, however, the underlying mechanisms of miR-30d have not been fully described. The aim of our study is to investigate the expression relevance between miR-30d and ARID4A or ARID4B, and examine the clinical significance and biological function of ARID4A and AIRD4B in PCa. In this study, both ARID4A and ARID4B were identified as the target genes of miR-30d. In addition, the mRNA expression of miR-30d in PCa tissues were significantly negative correlated with ARID4A (Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.313, P = 0.001) and ARID4B (Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.349, P < 0.001), while there was a positive correlation between ARID4A and ARID4B (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.865, P < 0.001). Moreover, both ARID4A and ARID4B were significantly downregulated in PCa tissues with high Gleason scores (P = 0.005, P = 0.033), PSA failure (P = 0.012, P = 0.05) and short biochemical recurrent-free survival (P = 0.033, P = 0.031). Furthermore, the knockout expression of ARID4A and ARID4B promoted PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. In conclusion, our results indicated that ARID4A and ARID4B may serve as tumor suppressor in PCa progression, suggesting that they might be the potential therapeutic targets in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ke Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Dong Han
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Lu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Zhen Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Jia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Xu Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Heng Ye
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Chan He
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-De Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Shu Y, Yin H, Rajabi M, Li H, Vieweger M, Guo S, Shu D, Guo P. RNA-based micelles: A novel platform for paclitaxel loading and delivery. J Control Release 2018; 276:17-29. [PMID: 29454064 PMCID: PMC5964609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA can serve as powerful building blocks for bottom-up fabrication of nanostructures for biotechnological and biomedical applications. In addition to current self-assembly strategies utilizing base pairing, motif piling and tertiary interactions, we reported for the first time the formation of RNA based micellar nanoconstruct with a cholesterol molecule conjugated onto one helical end of a branched pRNA three-way junction (3WJ) motif. The resulting amphiphilic RNA micelles consist of a hydrophilic RNA head and a covalently linked hydrophobic lipid tail that can spontaneously assemble in aqueous solution via hydrophobic interaction. Taking advantage of pRNA 3WJ branched structure, the assembled RNA micelles are capable of escorting multiple functional modules. As a proof of concept for delivery for therapeutics, Paclitaxel was loaded into the RNA micelles with significantly improved water solubility. The successful construction of the drug loaded RNA micelles was confirmed and characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence Nile Red encapsulation assay. The estimate critical micelle formation concentration ranges from 39 nM to 78 nM. The Paclitaxel loaded RNA micelles can internalize into cancer cells and inhibit their proliferation. Further studies showed that the Paclitaxel loaded RNA micelles induced cancer cell apoptosis in a Caspase-3 dependent manner but RNA micelles alone exhibited low cytotoxicity. Finally, the Paclitaxel loaded RNA micelles targeted to tumor in vivo without accumulation in healthy tissues and organs. There is also no or very low induction of pro-inflammatory response. Therefore, multivalence, cancer cell permeability, combined with controllable assembly, low or non toxic nature, and tumor targeting are all promising features that make our pRNA micelles a suitable platform for potential drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shu
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Hongran Yin
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Universtiy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Mehdi Rajabi
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Universtiy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Nanobiotechnology Center, Markey Cancer Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Mario Vieweger
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Universtiy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Sijin Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Universtiy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Dan Shu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Universtiy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State Universtiy, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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