1
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Kaulage SH, Parvin N, Khopade KV, Khan S. A hybrid silylene-Pd catalyst: efficient C-N cross-coupling of sterically bulky amines and chiral amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9958-9961. [PMID: 39171728 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03108c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a catalytic system with N-heterocyclic silylene (NHSi)-phosphine-based hybrid bidentate ligands [PhC(NtBu)2SiN(PR2)(2,6-iPr2-C6H3)] and Pd(dba)2, which serves as an effective catalyst for C-N cross-coupling of a wide range of sterically bulky amines and optically active amines, which is challenging otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep H Kaulage
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Nasrina Parvin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Kishor V Khopade
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
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2
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Fan J, Wang Y, Shi T, Yang P, Zhou G, Xu J, Su B. Isolation and Diverse Reactivity of an Unsymmetrical 1,2-Bis(silylene)-Stabilized Pentacarbonyl Chromium(0) Species. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39225133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The construction of the unsymmetrical 1,2-bis(silylene) pentacarbonyl chromium(0) complex 1 was achieved through the reaction of chlorosilylene with half an equivalent of K2Cr(CO)5. X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 confirms the formation of the Si-Si bond and the coordination of one of the silicon atoms to the Cr center. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations disclose that highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) mainly corresponds to the lone pair of electrons on the silicon atom and the σ-bonding interaction between two Si atoms. Based on its unique electronic structure, its diverse reactivity toward the transition metal compounds and small molecules was investigated in detail. The reactions of 1 with Fe2(CO)9 or CuCl yielded the 1,2-bis(silylene)-stabilized heterobimetallic complex 2 or oxidized product 3, respectively. Additionally, treatments of 1 with selenium, CO2, or Me3SiN3 led to the formation of the corresponding selenium-, oxo-, and nitrogen-bridged complexes 4-7. All compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Fan
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuyi Wang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Peng Yang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Zhangye Dagong Pesticide Chemistry Co., Ltd., Zhangye 734000, China
| | - Bochao Su
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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3
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Hendi Z, Pandey MK, Kushvaha SK, Roesky HW. Recent progress in transition metal complexes featuring silylene as ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9483-9512. [PMID: 39119696 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Silylenes, divalent silicon(II) compounds, once considered highly reactive and transient species, are now widely employed as stable synthons in main-group and coordination chemistry for myriad applications. The synthesis of stable silylenes represents a major breakthrough, which led to extensive exploration of silylenes in stabilizing low-valent main-group elements and as versatile ligands in coordination chemistry and catalysis. In recent years, the exploration of transition metal complexes stabilized with silylene ligands has captivated significant research attention. This is due to their robust σ-donor characteristics and capacity to stabilize transition metals in low valent states. It has also been demonstrated that the transition metal complexes of silylenes are effective catalysts for hydroboration, hydrosilylation, hydrogenation, hydrogen isotope exchange reactions, and small molecule activation chemistry. This review article focuses on the recent progress in the synthesis and catalytic application of transition metal complexes of silylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hendi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Madhusudan K Pandey
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Saroj Kumar Kushvaha
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
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4
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Nguyen DT, Helling C, Jones C. Synthesis and Characterization of Bulky 1,3-Diamidopropane Complexes of Group 2 Metals (Be-Sr). Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400498. [PMID: 38760323 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Reaction of lithium 1,3-diamidopropane Li2(TripNCN) (TripNCN=[{(Trip)NCH2}2CH2]2-, Trip=2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) with BeBr2(OEt2)2 gave the diamido beryllium complex, [(TripNCN)Be(OEt2)]. Deprotonation reactions between the bulkier 1,3-diaminopropane (TCHPNCN)H2 (TCHPNCN=[{(TCHP)NCH2}2CH2]2-, TCHP=2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenyl) and magnesium alkyls afforded the adduct complexes [(TCHPNCN)Mg(OEt2)] and [(TCHPNCN)Mg(THF)2], depending on the reaction conditions employed. Treating [(TCHPNCN)Mg(THF)2] with the N-heterocyclic carbene :C{(MeNCMe)2} (TMC) gave [(TCHPNCN)Mg(TMC)2] via substitution of the THF ligands. Reactions of (ArNCN)H2 (Ar=Trip or TCHP) with Mg{CH2(SiMe3)}2, in the absence of Lewis bases, yielded the N-bridged dimers [{(ArNCN)Mg}2]. Salt metathesis reactions between alkali metal salts M2(TCHPNCN) (M=Li or K) and CaI2 or SrI2 led to the THF adduct compounds [(TCHPNCN)Ca(THF)3] and [(TCHPNCN)Sr(THF)4], the differing number of THF ligands in which is a result of the different sizes of the metals involved. The described complexes hold potential as precursors to kinetically protected, low oxidation state group 2 metal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dat T Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Christoph Helling
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
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5
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Kushvaha SK, Gorantla SMNVT, Kallenbach P, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Roesky HW. Preparation of a high-coordinated-silicon-centered spiro-cyclic compound. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11410-11416. [PMID: 38900062 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Silicon compounds containing silicon-silicon bond with a variety of unusual oxidation states are quite important, because their high reactivity leads to the formation of a variety of silicon compounds. The isolation of such compounds with unusual oxidation states requires a resilient synthetic strategy. Herein, we report the synthesis of a silicon based spirocyclic compound containing a hyper-valent silicon atom and a silicon-silicon bond. The computational calculations employing natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) reveal that the nature of bonding between the silicon atoms is of an electron sharing nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sai Manoj N V T Gorantla
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Paula Kallenbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
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6
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Hendi Z, Pandey MK, Rachuy K, Singh MK, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Roesky HW. Synthesis, Reactivity, and Complexation with Fe(0) of a Tight-bite Bis(N-heterocyclic silylene). Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400389. [PMID: 38494463 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis, reactivity, and complexation with Fe(0) precursor of a tight-bite bis(N-heterocyclic silylene) (bis(NHSi)) ligand 1 are reported. The reaction of 1 with p-toluidine led to the activation of both N-H bonds across Si(II) atoms to afford a four-membered heterocyclic cyclodisilazane 2, with hydride substituents attached to five-coordinate Si atoms. A 1 : 2 reaction of 1 with Fe(CO)5 led to an intriguing dinuclear complex 3 featuring a five-membered (N-Si-Fe-Fe-Si) ring with a Fe-Fe bond distance of 2.6892(13) Å. All compounds (1-3) were thoroughly characterized by various spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction studies conclusively established their molecular structures. DFT calculations were carried out to shed light on bonding and energetic aspects in 1-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hendi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Madhusudan K Pandey
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Katharina Rachuy
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Mukesh K Singh
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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7
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Tran PM, Wang Y, Lahm ME, Wei P, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. Unusual nucleophilic reactivity of a dithiolene-based N-heterocyclic silane. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6178-6183. [PMID: 38506299 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03843b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
While the dithiolene-based N-heterocyclic silane (4) reacts with two equivalents of BX3 (X = Br, I) to give zwitterionic Lewis adducts 5 and 8, respectively, the parallel reaction of 4 with BCl3 results in 10, a dithiolene-substituted N-heterocyclic silane, via the Si-S bond cleavage. Unlike 5, the labile 8 may be readily converted to 9via BI3-mediated cleavage of the Si-N bond. The formation of 5 and 8 confirms that 4 uniquely possesses dual nucleophilic sites: (a) the terminal sulphur atom of the dithiolene moiety; and (b) the backbone carbon of the N-heterocyclic silane unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong M Tran
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Mitchell E Lahm
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Gregory H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
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8
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Kushvaha SK, Kallenbach P, Gorantla SMNVT, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Roesky HW. Preparation of a Compound with a Si II -Si IV -Si II Bonding Arrangement. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303113. [PMID: 37933699 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a rare bis-silylene, 1, in which two SiII atoms are bridged by a SiIV atom. Compound 1 contains an unusual SiII -SiIV -SiII bonding arrangement with SiII -SiIV bond distances of 2.4212(8) and 2.4157(7) Å. Treatment of 1 with Fe(CO)5 afforded a dinuclear Fe0 complex 2 with two unusually long Si-Si bonds (2.4515(8) and 2.4488(10) Å). We have also carried out a detailed computational study to understand the nature of the Si-Si bonds in these compounds. Natural bond orbital (NBO) and energy decomposition analysis-natural orbital for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) analyses reveal that the Si-Si bonds in 1 and 2 are of an electron-sharing nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Kallenbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sai Manoj N V T Gorantla
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Hädinger P, Müller MP, Hinz A. Synthesis and Reactivity of Base-Stabilized and Base-Free Silaimidoyl Bromides. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1997-2004. [PMID: 38207101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of the base-free bromosilylene dtbpCbzSiBr (dtbpCbz = 1,8-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazolyl) toward carbodiimides and azides was studied in order to generate base-stabilized and base-free silaimidoyl bromides, respectively. The steric bulk of carbodiimides and azides allows control over the reactivity. While with small substituents such as tert-butyl or adamantyl, the reactions cannot be stopped at the Si═N stage, with large substituents, they lead to C-H activation in the product. The Dipp substituent (Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) allowed the isolation of the silaimidoyl bromide dtbpCbzSi(Br)NDipp and its CNDipp-coordinated analogue. The reactivity of the Si═N double bond species was studied with respect to cycloaddition and donor exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Hädinger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Engesserstr. 15, Gebäude 30.45, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximilian P Müller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Engesserstr. 15, Gebäude 30.45, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Engesserstr. 15, Gebäude 30.45, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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10
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Duan C, Cui C. Boryl-substituted low-valent heavy group 14 compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:361-379. [PMID: 38086648 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Low valent group 14 compounds exhibit diverse structures and reactivities. The employment of diazaborolyl anions (NHB anions), isoelectronic analogues to N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), in group 14 chemistry leads to the exceptional structures and reactivity. The unique combination of σ-electron donation and pronounced steric hindrance impart distinct structural characteristics to the NHB-substituted low valent group 14 compounds. Notably, the modulation of the HOMO-LUMO gap in these compounds with the diazaborolyl substituents results in novel reaction patterns in the activation of small molecules and inert chemical bonds. This review mainly summarizes the recent advances in NHB-substituted low-valent heavy Group 14 compounds, emphasizing their synthesis, structural characteristics and application to small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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11
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Hossain J, Gopinath JS, Tothadi S, Parameswaran P, Khan S. NHSi/NHGe-Supported Copper Halide and Pseudohalide Complexes: Synthesis and Application. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jabed Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pa-shan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Jishnu Sai Gopinath
- National Institute of Technology Calicut, NIT Campus P.O., Kozhikode 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division and Centralized, Instrumentation Facility, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research, Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- National Institute of Technology Calicut, NIT Campus P.O., Kozhikode 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pa-shan, Pune 411008, India
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12
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Yadav R, Sun X, Köppe R, Gamer MT, Weigend F, Roesky PW. Stimuli Responsive Silylene: Electromerism Induced Reversible Switching Between Mono- and Bis-Silylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211115. [PMID: 36161745 PMCID: PMC9828679 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Electromerism is a very well-known phenomenon in transition metal chemistry. In main group chemistry, this concept has only started getting attention recently. We report stimuli responsive low-valent silicon compounds exhibiting electromerism. A mixed-valent silaiminyl-silylene 1, [LSi-Si(NDipp)L] (L=PhC(Nt Bu)2 ), was synthesized in a single step from amidinate-chlorosilylene. Compound 1 has two interconnected Si atoms in formally +I and +III oxidation states. Upon treatment with Lewis acidic CuI X (X=mesityl, Cl, Br, I), electron redistribution occurs resulting in the formation of [{LSi(NDipp)Si(L)}-CuX], in which both silicon atoms are in the +II formal oxidation state. Removal of the copper center from [{LSi(NDipp)Si(L)}-CuX] by using a Lewis basic carbene led to reformation of the precursor [LSi-Si(NDipp)L]. Thus, the process is fully reversible. This showcases the first example of Lewis acid/base-induced reversible electromerism in silicon chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Yadav
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Michael T. Gamer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
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13
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Ding Y, Sarkar SK, Nazish M, Ruth PN, Herbst-Irmer R, Muhammed S, Parameswaran P, Stalke D, Roesky HW. Insertion Reaction of Me 3SiN 3 with Bis(germylene). Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19067-19074. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Mohd Nazish
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Paul Niklas Ruth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Shahila Muhammed
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, India
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode 673601, India
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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14
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Garg P, Dange D, Jiang Y, Jones C. Facile activation of inert small molecules using a 1,2-disilylene. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7838-7844. [PMID: 35536565 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00721e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the known amidinate stabilised 1,2-disilylene, [{ArC(NDip)2}Si]21 (Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, Ar = 4-C6H4But) with a series of inert, unsaturated small molecule substrates have been carried out. Compound 1 reduces ButNC: to give the singlet biradicaloid 1,3-disilacyclobutanediyl [{ArC(NDip)2}Si(μ-CNBut)]23, which can be oxidised by 1,2-dibromoethane to give [{ArC(NDip)2}(Br)Si(μ-CNBut)]24. Disilylene 1 reduces two molecules of ethylene to give an unprecedented disilabicyclo[2.2.0]hexane, [{ArC(NDip)2}Si(μ-C2H4)]25. In contrast, only one molecule of ethylene inserts in the Ge-Ge bond of the digermylene analogue of 1, viz. [{ArC(NDip)2}Ge]26, leading to the formation of the bis(germylene), [{ArC(NDip)2}Ge]2(μ-C2H4) 7. Compound 1 reduces CO2, generating CO, and the oxo/carbonate-bridged disilicon(IV) system, {ArC(NDip)2}Si(μ-CO3)2(μ-O)Si{(NDip)2CAr} 10, while its reaction with N2O proceeds via generation of N2, and a hydrogen abstraction process, to give the oxo/hydroxy disilicon(IV) species, [{ArC(NDip)2}(HO)Si(μ-O)]211. This study highlights new small molecule activation chemistry for 1,2-disilylenes, which could lead to further adoption of compound 1 as a potent reducing reagent for the transformation of inert unsaturated molecules into value added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Garg
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Deepak Dange
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Yixiao Jiang
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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15
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Garg P, Carpentier A, Douair I, Dange D, Jiang Y, Yuvaraj K, Maron L, Jones C. Activation of CO Using a 1,2-Disilylene: Facile Synthesis of an Abnormal N-Heterocyclic Silylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201705. [PMID: 35238149 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the 1,2-disilylene, [{ArC(NDip)2 }Si]2 1 (Dip=2,6-diisopropylphenyl, Ar=4-C6 H4 But ), with CO proceeds via insertion of CO into one Si-N bond, and Si-Si bond cleavage, to cleanly give the bis(silylene), {ArC(NDip)2 }Si(:)O C S i ( : ) ( N D i p ) 2 C ‾ Ar 2, under ambient conditions. The reaction can be partially reversed when solutions of 2 are subjected to UV irradiation. The five-membered heterocyclic fragment of 2 represents the first silicon analogue of an "abnormal" N-heterocyclic carbene (aNHC), a view which is substantiated by a computational analysis of the compound. Reaction of 2 with [Mo(CO)6 ] under UV light affords the chelate complex, [Mo(CO)4 (κ2 -Si,Si-2)] 3, while reaction with [Fe(CO)5 ] gives the unusual silyleneyl bridged complex, [{Fe2 (CO)6 }{μ-Si[(NDip)2 CAr]}2 ] 4. The same coordination complexes can be accessed by reaction of 1 with [Mo(CO)6 ] or [Fe(CO)5 ] under UV light. As is the case for aNHCs, d-block metal complexes of bis(silylene) 2 could prove useful as bespoke catalysts for organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Garg
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Iskander Douair
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Deepak Dange
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Yixiao Jiang
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - K Yuvaraj
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
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16
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Takahashi S, Sekiguchi J, Nakaya K, Ishii A, Nakata N. Halogen-Exchange Reactions of Iminophosphonamido-Chlorosilylenes with Alkali Halides: Convenient Synthesis of Heavier Halosilylenes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7266-7273. [PMID: 35512183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Halogen-substituted silylenes are an important building block for synthesizing silicon-based low-valent and multiple-bond species. However, the number of reports on heavier halosilylenes that contain bromine and iodine is still limited. Here, we present a convenient synthesis for bromo- and iodosilylenes supported by an iminophosphonamide ligand. The heavier halosilylenes [Ph2P(tBuN)2]SiX (2: X = Br, 3: X = I) were successfully synthesized via the halogen-exchange reaction of chlorosilylene 1 with alkali halides in THF. As a demonstration of the reactivity of 2 and 3, oxidative addition reactions of 2 and 3 with elemental selenium in C6D6 afforded the corresponding bromo- (5) or iodosilylene-selone (6) as colorless crystals. The molecular structures of 2, 3, 5, and 6 were fully characterized by spectroscopic means and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the effects of the halogen atom on the electronic state of halosilylenes 1-3 and halosilylene-selones 4-6 were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Jueri Sekiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakaya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Norio Nakata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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17
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Fan Q, Li Q, Qi X, Du X, Ren S, Li X, Fuhr O, Sun H. Synthesis and structure of silylene iron complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials Ministry of Education Shandong University Shanda Nanlu 27 250199 Jinan PR China
| | - Qingshuang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials Ministry of Education Shandong University Shanda Nanlu 27 250199 Jinan PR China
| | - Xinghao Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials Ministry of Education Shandong University Shanda Nanlu 27 250199 Jinan PR China
| | - Xinyu Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials Ministry of Education Shandong University Shanda Nanlu 27 250199 Jinan PR China
| | - Shishuai Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials Ministry of Education Shandong University Shanda Nanlu 27 250199 Jinan PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials Ministry of Education Shandong University Shanda Nanlu 27 250199 Jinan PR China
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT) und Karlsruher Nano-Micro-Facility (KNMF) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Hongjian Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials Ministry of Education Shandong University Shanda Nanlu 27 250199 Jinan PR China
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18
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Garg P, Carpentier A, Douair I, Dange D, Jiang Y, Yuvaraj K, Maron L, Jones C. Activation of CO Using a 1,2‐Disilylene: Facile Synthesis of an Abnormal N‐Heterocyclic Silylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Garg
- School of Chemistry PO Box 23 Monash University VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Iskander Douair
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Deepak Dange
- School of Chemistry PO Box 23 Monash University VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Yixiao Jiang
- School of Chemistry PO Box 23 Monash University VIC 3800 Australia
| | - K. Yuvaraj
- School of Chemistry PO Box 23 Monash University VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry PO Box 23 Monash University VIC 3800 Australia
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19
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Gour K, Bisai MK, Sen SS. Hypersilyl Substituent in Heavier Low‐valent Group 14 Chemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Gour
- CSIR-NCL: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis INDIA
| | - Milan Kumar Bisai
- CSIR-NCL: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis INDIA
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- National Chemical Laboraotry Catalysis Division Dr. Homi Bhabha RoadPashan 411008 Pune INDIA
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Fujimori
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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21
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Ding Y, Sarkar SK, Nazish M, Muhammed S, Lüert D, Ruth PN, Legendre CM, Herbst‐Irmer R, Parameswaran P, Stalke D, Yang Z, Roesky HW. Stabilization of Reactive Nitrene by Silylenes without Using a Reducing Metal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Mohd Nazish
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Daniel Lüert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Paul Niklas Ruth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christina M. Legendre
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Regine Herbst‐Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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22
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Ding Y, Sarkar SK, Nazish M, Muhammed S, Lüert D, Ruth PN, Legendre CM, Herbst‐Irmer R, Parameswaran P, Stalke D, Yang Z, Roesky HW. Stabilization of Reactive Nitrene by Silylenes without Using a Reducing Metal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27206-27211. [PMID: 34545990 PMCID: PMC9299049 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the stabilization of nitrene reagents as the source of a nitrogen atom to synthesize nitrogen-incorporated R1 LSi-N←SiLR2 (1) [L=PhC(NtBu)2 ; R1 =NTMS2 , R2 =NTMS]. Compound 1 is synthesized by reacting LSi(I)-SiI L with 3.1 equivalents of Me3 SiN3 at low temperature to afford a triene-like structural framework. Whereas the reaction of the LSi(I)-SiI L with 2.1 equivalents of Me3 SiN3 at room temperature produced silaimine 2 with a central four-membered Si2 N2 ring which is accompanied by a silylene LSi and a cleaved silylene fragment. 1 further reacts with AgOTf at room temperature to yield compound 3 which shows coordination of nitrene to silver with the triflate salt. The compounds 1 and 2 were fully characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The quantum mechanical calculations reveal that compounds 1 and 2 have dicoordinated monovalent N atoms having two active lone pairs of electrons. These lone pairs are stabilized by hyperconjugative interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Mohd Nazish
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | | | - Daniel Lüert
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Paul Niklas Ruth
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Christina M. Legendre
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Regine Herbst‐Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | | | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
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23
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Ghosh M, Khan S. N-Heterocyclic silylenes in coinage metal chemistry: an account of recent advances. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10674-10688. [PMID: 34236058 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01955d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article intends to highlight and comprehensively summarize the recent developments in the field of silylene-coinage metal chemistry. Recent years have witnessed exponential growth in the utilization of N-heterocyclic silylenes as ligands in transition metal chemistry. Still, silylene-coinage metal complexes have only started to appear very recently. Particular attention is focused on the synthetic approaches to silylene-coinage metal complexes and their unusual properties derived from the spectroscopic and crystallographic data. Recent studies have demonstrated that silylene-coinage metal complexes exhibit catalytic efficiency towards hydrosilylation, copper-catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), and glycosidation reactions. Although the chemistry of silylene-coinage metal complexes has only begun to blossom, these findings justify the need for a review at this stage of development. This article will summarize the previous work on silylene-coinage metal complexes followed by recent advances and conclude with future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushakhi Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.
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24
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Takahashi S, Ishii A, Nakata N. Formation of silaimines from a sterically demanding iminophosphonamido chlorosilylene via intramolecular N-P bond cleavage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6728-6731. [PMID: 34159981 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02812j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sterically demanding iminophosphonamido chlorosilylene [Ph2P(DipN)2]SiCl (Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) was synthesized and fully characterized using NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Substitution reactions of [Ph2P(DipN)2]SiCl with N- and Fe-nucleophiles led to the unexpected formation of the corresponding silaimine derivatives. This process involves the ring-opening rearrangement of three-coordinated silylene intermediates that proceeds via intramolecular N-P bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Ishii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Norio Nakata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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25
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Sen N, Parvin N, Tothadi S, Khan S. Reactivity of (TMS)2N(η1-Cp*)Si═Si(η1-Cp*)N(TMS)2 toward the Halides of Groups 13–15. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Nasrina Parvin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
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26
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Parvin N, Sen N, Muhasina PV, Tothadi S, Parameswaran P, Khan S. The diverse reactivity of NOBF 4 towards silylene, disilene, germylene and stannylene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5008-5011. [PMID: 33949489 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01034d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of NOBF4 towards silylene, disilene, germylene, stannylenes has been described. Smooth syntheses of compounds of composition [PhC(NtBu)2E(= O → BF3)N(SiMe3)2, E = Si (3) and Ge (4)] were accomplished from the corresponding tetrylenes. An unusual heterocycle (10) featuring B, Sn, N, P, and O atoms was obtained from the reaction with a stannylene, while a 1,2-vicinal anti addition of fluoride was observed with a disilene (12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrina Parvin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
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27
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Takahashi S, Ishii A, Nakata N. Interconversion between a silaimine and an aminosilylene supported by an iminophosphonamide ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3203-3206. [PMID: 33687409 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a chlorosilylene, supported by an iminophosphonamide ligand, with KN(SiMe3)2 resulted in the formation of a silaimine instead of the expected aminosilylene. However, this silaimine exists in equilibrium with the corresponding aminosilylene, which was experimentally demonstrated using variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy and a trapping reaction with elemental selenium to give a silaselenourea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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28
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Krahfuss MJ, Radius U. N-Heterocyclic silylenes as ambiphilic activators and ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6752-6765. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments of the use of N-heterocyclic silylenes (NHSis), higher homologues of Arduengo-carbenes, as ambiphilic activators and ligands are highlighted and a comparison of NHSi ligands with NHC and phosphine ligands is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam J. Krahfuss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- D-97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- D-97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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29
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Heitkemper T, Sarcevic J, Sindlinger CP. A Neutral Silicon(II) Half-Sandwich Compound. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21304-21309. [PMID: 33315393 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metathesis reaction of a dilithio borole dianion, a cyclic π-ligand isoelectronic to ubiquitous cyclopentadienyls, with two equivalents of "silicocenium" cation [Cp*Si]+ as a source of low-valent Si(II), cleanly gives a borole half-sandwich π-complex of Si(II) and silicocene. The resulting half-sandwich complex is a neutral isoelectronic analogue to the iconic silicocenium cation and features the rare structural motif of an apical silicon(II) atom with an energetically high lying lone pair of electrons that is shown to be accessible for coordination chemistry toward tungsten carbonyl. Protonation at the Si(II) atom with [H(OEt2)2][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] induces formal oxidation, and the compound rearranges to incorporate the Si atom into the carbocyclic base to give an unprecedented cationic 5-sila-6-borabicyclo[2.1.1]hex-2-ene. This rearrangement is accompanied by drastic changes in the 11B and 29Si NMR chemical shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heitkemper
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julijan Sarcevic
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian P Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Huang Y, Wu J, Qiu R, Xu F, Zhu J. Probing the tautomerization of disilenes and disilabenzenes with their isomeric silylenes: significant substituent, aromaticity and base effects. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17341-17349. [PMID: 33206739 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03527k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Disilene has attracted considerable interest due to the trans-bending geometry which is significantly different from the planar alkene. However, the equilibrium between disilene and isomeric silylsilylene has not been fully understood. Here, we report a density functional theory (DFT) study on this equilibrium. Calculations reveal significant effects of substituent, aromaticity and base. Specifically, the parent disilene is thermodynamically more stable than the isomeric silylene. When the methoxy substituent is introduced, the corresponding silylene becomes thermodynamically more stable, which could be rationalized by the Bent's rule. Interestingly, disilabenzene becomes thermodynamically more stable than the isomeric silylene when the concept of aromaticity is taken into account. Finally, once the base is introduced, the silylene could become thermodynamically more stable than the isomeric disilabenzene. The kinetic effect of the tautomerization with several typical substituents (F, Me and OMe) has also been investigated. Some species with a bridged form have been found to have a higher thermodynamic stability over the nonbridged ones. All these findings could be particularly useful to develop the chemistry of disilenes and silylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
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31
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Sun X, Simler T, Reiter K, Weigend F, Roesky PW. Synthesis and Reactivity of Bis(silylene)-Coordinated Calcium and Divalent Lanthanide Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:14888-14895. [PMID: 32744765 PMCID: PMC7756572 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Divalent lanthanide complexes of Eu (1) and Yb (2) coordinated by a chelating pyridine-based bis(silylene) ligand were isolated and fully characterized. Compared to the EuII complex 1, the YbII complex 2 presents a lower thermal stability, resulting in the activation of one SiII -N bond and formation of an YbIII complex (3), which features a unique silylene-pyridyl-amido ligand. The different thermal stability of 1 and 2 points towards reduction-induced cleavage of one SiII -N bond of the bis(silylene) ligand. Successful isolation of the corresponding redox-inert bis(silylene) CaII complex (5) was achieved at low temperature and thermal decomposition into a CaII complex (4) bearing the same silylene-pyridyl-amido ligand was identified. In this case, the thermolysis reaction proceeds through another, non-redox induced, mechanism. An alternative higher yielding route to 4 was developed through an in situ generated silylene-pyridyl-amine proligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Sun
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Thomas Simler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Kevin Reiter
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
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32
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Yuvaraj K, Douair I, Maron L, Jones C. Activation of Ethylene by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Coordinated Magnesium(I) Compounds. Chemistry 2020; 26:14665-14670. [PMID: 32542741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of a series of magnesium(I) compounds with ethylene, in the presence of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), have been explored. Treating [{(Mes Nacnac)Mg}2 ] (Mes Nacnac=[HC(MeCNMes)2 ]- , Mes=mesityl) with an excess of ethylene in the presence of two equivalents of :C{(MeNCMe)2 } (TMC) leads to the formal reductive coupling of ethylene, and formation of the 1,2-dimagnesiobutane complex, [{(Mes Nacnac)(TMC)Mg}2 (μ-C4 H8 )]. In contrast, when the reaction is repeated in the presence of three equivalents of TMC, a mixture of the β-diketiminato magnesium ethyl, [(Mes Nacnac)(TMC)MgEt], and the NHC coordinated magnesium diamide, [(Mes Nacnac-H )Mg(TMC)2 ], results. Four related products, [(Ar Nacnac)(TMC)MgEt] (Ar=2,6-dimethylphenyl (Xyl) or 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (Dip)) and [(Ar Nacnac-H )Mg(TMC)2 ] (Ar=Xyl or Dip), were similarly synthesised and crystallographically characterized. Computational studies have been employed to investigate the mechanisms of the two observed reaction types, which appear dependent on the substitution pattern of the magnesium(I) compound, and the stoichiometric equivalents of TMC used in the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yuvaraj
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, VIC 3800, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Iskander Douair
- INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse et CNRS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse et CNRS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, VIC 3800, Melbourne, Australia
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33
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Kaufmann S, Krätschmer F, Köppe R, Schon T, Schoo C, Roesky PW. A cyclopentadienyl functionalized silylene - a flexible ligand for Si- and C-coordination. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12446-12452. [PMID: 34094449 PMCID: PMC8162997 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04174b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a 1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp4) substituted four-membered N-heterocyclic silylene [{PhC(NtBu)2}Si(C5Me4H)] is reported first. Then, selected reactions with transition metal and a calcium precursor are shown. The proton of the Cp4-unit is labile. This results in two different reaction pathways: (1) deprotonation and (2) rearrangement reactions. Deprotonation was achieved by the reaction of [{PhC(NtBu)2}Si(C5Me4H)] with suitable zinc precursors. Rearrangement to [{PhC(NtBu)2}(C5Me4)SiH], featuring a formally tetravalent silicon R2C[double bond, length as m-dash]Si(R')-H unit, was observed when the proton of the Cp4 ring was shifted from the Cp4-ring to the silylene in the presence of a Lewis acid. This allows for the coordination of the Cp4-ring to a calcium compound. Furthermore, upon reaction with transition metal dimers [MCl(cod)]2 (M = Rh, Ir; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) the proton stays at the Cp4-ring and the silylene reacts as a sigma donor, which breaks the dimeric structure of the precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kaufmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frederic Krätschmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Thorben Schon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Christoph Schoo
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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34
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Garg P, Dange D, Jones C. s‐ and p‐Block Dinuclear Metal(loid) Complexes Bearing 1,4‐Phenylene and 1,4‐Cyclohexylene Bridged Bis(amidinate) Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Garg
- School of Chemistry Monash University PO Box 23 3800 Australia
| | - Deepak Dange
- School of Chemistry Monash University PO Box 23 3800 Australia
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry Monash University PO Box 23 3800 Australia
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Fujimori S, Inoue S. Small Molecule Activation by Two-Coordinate Acyclic Silylenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020; 2020:3131-3142. [PMID: 32999589 PMCID: PMC7507849 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the chemistry of stable silylenes (R2Si:) has evolved significantly. The first major development in this chemistry was the isolation of a silicocene which is stabilized by the Cp* (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) ligand in 1986 and subsequently the isolation of a first N-heterocyclic silylene (NHSi:) in 1994. Since the groundbreaking discoveries, a large number of isolable cyclic silylenes and higher coordinated silylenes, i.e. Si(II) compounds with coordination number greater than two, have been prepared and the properties investigated. However, the first isolable two-coordinate acyclic silylene was finally reported in 2012. The achievements in the synthesis of acyclic silylenes have allowed for the utilization of silylenes in small molecule activation including inert H2 activation, a process previously exclusive to transition metals. This minireview highlights the developments in silylene chemistry, specifically two-coordinate acyclic silylenes, including experimental and computational studies which investigate the extremely high reactivity of the acyclic silylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Fujimori
- Department of ChemistryWACKER‐Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of ChemistryWACKER‐Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
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36
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Yadav S, Kumar R, Vipin Raj K, Yadav P, Vanka K, Sen SS. Amidinato Germylene‐Zinc Complexes: Synthesis, Bonding, and Reactivity. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3116-3121. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Yadav
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - K. Vipin Raj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India)
| | - Prashant Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Polymer Science & Engineering Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India)
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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37
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Greb L, Ebner F, Ginzburg Y, Sigmund LM. Element‐Ligand Cooperativity with p‐Block Elements. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 275 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Fabian Ebner
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 275 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yael Ginzburg
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 275 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lukas M. Sigmund
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 275 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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38
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Yoshida T, Ohta M, Innocent J, Kato T, Tobisu M. Catalytic Dimerization of Alkynes via C–H Bond Cleavage by a Platinum–Silylene Complex. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaya Ohta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jean Innocent
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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39
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Poitiers NE, Giarrana L, Leszczyńska KI, Huch V, Zimmer M, Scheschkewitz D. Indirekte und direkte Anknüpfung von Übergangsmetallen an Silicoide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E. Poitiers
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Luisa Giarrana
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Kinga I. Leszczyńska
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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40
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Poitiers NE, Giarrana L, Leszczyńska KI, Huch V, Zimmer M, Scheschkewitz D. Indirect and Direct Grafting of Transition Metals to Siliconoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8532-8536. [PMID: 32092221 PMCID: PMC7317502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated charge‐neutral silicon clusters (siliconoids) are important as gas‐phase intermediates between molecules and the elemental bulk. With stable zirconocene‐ and hafnocene‐substituted derivatives, we here report the first examples containing directly bonded transition‐metal fragments that are readily accessible from the ligato‐lithiated Si6 siliconoid (1Li) and Cp2MCl2 (M=Zr, Hf). Charge‐neutral siliconoid ligands with pending tetrylene functionality were prepared by the reaction of amidinato chloro tetrylenes [PhC(NtBu)2]ECl (E=Si, Ge, Sn) with 1Li, thus confirming the principal compatibility of such low‐valent functionalities with the unsaturated Si6 cluster scaffold. The pronounced donor properties of the tetrylene/siliconoid hybrids allow for their coordination to the Fe(CO)4 fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E Poitiers
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Luisa Giarrana
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kinga I Leszczyńska
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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41
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Tremmel J, Tydlitát J, Dostál L, Růžička A, Deraet X, Turek J, Jambor R. Organogermanium(II) Hydrides as a Source of Highly Soluble LiH. Chemistry 2020; 26:6070-6075. [PMID: 32092197 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of monomeric C,N-chelated organogermanium(II) hydride L(H)Ge⋅BH3 with organolithium salts RLi yielded lithium hydrogermanatoborates (Li(THF)2 {BH3 [L(H)GeR]})2 . Compound (Li(THF)2 {BH3 [L(H)GePh]})2 was used as a source of LiH for the reduction of organic C=O or C=N bonds in nonpolar solvents accompanied by the elimination of a neutral complex L(Ph)Ge⋅BH3 . The interaction of (Li(THF)2 {BH3 [L(H)GePh]})2 with the polar C=O bond was further investigated by computational studies revealing a plausible geometry of a pre-reactive intermediate. The experimental and theoretical studies suggest that, although the Li atom of (Li(THF)2 {BH3 [L(H)GePh]})2 coordinates the C=O bond, the GeH fragment is the active species in the reduction reaction. Finally, benzaldehyde was reduced by a mixture of L(H)Ge⋅BH3 with PhLi in nonpolar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tremmel
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tydlitát
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Xavier Deraet
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Turek
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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42
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Qin Y, Zheng G, Guo Y, Gao F, Ma J, Sun W, Xie G, Chen S, Wang Y, Sun H, Li A, Wang W. A Silylene–Germylene Molecule Containing a Si
I
−Ge
I
Single Bond. Chemistry 2020; 26:6122-6125. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Qin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Gaoxin No. 1 High School Xi'an 710065 P. R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jiani Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Gang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Sanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710199 P. R. China
| | - Anyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
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43
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Abstract
The reaction of bis(silylenyl)-substituted ferrocene 1 with two molar equivalents of BPh3 yields the corresponding bis(silylene-borane) Lewis adduct 2. The latter is capable to activate CO2 to furnish the borane-stabilized bis(silanone) 3 through mono-oxygenation of the dative SiII →B silicon centers under release of CO. Removal of BPh3 from 3 with PMe3 affords the corresponding 1,3,2,4-cyclodisiloxane and the Me3 P-BPh3 adduct. All isolated new compounds were characterized and their molecular structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel‐Philip Luecke
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Elron Pens
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
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44
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Brackbill IJ, Douair I, Lussier DJ, Boreen MA, Maron L, Arnold J. Synthesis and Structure of Uranium-Silylene Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:2360-2364. [PMID: 31950554 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While carbene complexes of uranium have been known for over a decade, there are no reported examples of complexes between an actinide and a "heavy carbene." Herein, we report the syntheses and structures of the first uranium-heavy tetrylene complexes: (CpSiMe3 )3 U-Si[PhC(NR)2 ]R' (R=tBu, R'=NMe2 1; R=iPr, R'=PhC(NiPr)2 2). Complex 1 features a kinetically robust uranium-silicon bonding interaction, while the uranium-silicon bond in 2 is easily disrupted thermally or by competing ligands in solution. Calculations reveal polarized σ bonds, but depending on the substituents at silicon a substantial π-bonding interaction is also present. The complexes possess relatively high bond orders which suggests primarily covalent bonding between uranium and silicon. These results comprise a new frontier in actinide-heavy main-group bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Joseph Brackbill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and the Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel J Lussier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and the Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Michael A Boreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and the Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and the Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720-1460, USA
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45
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Li S, Wang Y, Yang W, Li K, Sun H, Li X, Fuhr O, Fenske D. N2 Silylation Catalyzed by a Bis(silylene)-Based [SiCSi] Pincer Hydrido Iron(II) Dinitrogen Complex. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT) und Karlsruher Nano-Micro-Facility (KNMF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dieter Fenske
- Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT) und Karlsruher Nano-Micro-Facility (KNMF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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46
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Holzner R, Reiter D, Frisch P, Inoue S. DMAP-stabilized bis(silyl)silylenes as versatile synthons for organosilicon compounds. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3402-3406. [PMID: 35497772 PMCID: PMC9048797 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10628f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
DMAP-stabilized silylenes 1a–c are obtained from the reductive debromination of the corresponding dibromosilanes in the presence of DMAP. Their distinctly different thermal isomerization reactions via C–H bond activation, dearomative ring expansion and silyl migration are discussed. Furthermore, complexes 1 dissociate at elevated temperatures, providing the corresponding free silylenes in situ, which are even capable of single-site activation of H2. Additionally, a potassium-substituted silicon-centered radical 2 is isolated from overreduction of (tBu3Si)2SiBr2. DMAP-stabilized silylenes 1a–c, which are convenient, room temperature stable synthetic equivalents for the corresponding highly reactive free bis(silyl)silylenes are reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry
- WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry
- WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry
- WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry
- WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
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Reiter D, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Altmann PJ, Frisch P, Inoue S. Disilene–Silylene Interconversion: A Synthetically Accessible Acyclic Bis(silyl)silylene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13536-13546. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Philipp J. Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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Paparo A, Smith CD, Jones C. Diagonally Related s‐ and p‐Block Metals Join Forces: Synthesis and Characterization of Complexes with Covalent Beryllium–Aluminum Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11459-11463. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Paparo
- School of Chemistry Monash University PO Box 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Cory D. Smith
- School of Chemistry Monash University PO Box 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry Monash University PO Box 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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49
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Paparo A, Smith CD, Jones C. Diagonally Related s‐ and p‐Block Metals Join Forces: Synthesis and Characterization of Complexes with Covalent Beryllium–Aluminum Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Paparo
- School of Chemistry Monash University PO Box 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Cory D. Smith
- School of Chemistry Monash University PO Box 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry Monash University PO Box 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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50
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Paesch AN, Kreyenschmidt AK, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. Side-Arm Functionalized Silylene Copper(I) Complexes in Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7000-7009. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Paesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Kreyenschmidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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