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Kim M, Hwang Y, Lim S, Jang HK, Kim HO. Advances in Nanoparticles as Non-Viral Vectors for Efficient Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1197. [PMID: 39339233 PMCID: PMC11434874 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16091197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 system is a gene-editing technology. Nanoparticle delivery systems have attracted attention because of the limitations of conventional viral vectors. In this review, we assess the efficiency of various nanoparticles, including lipid-based, polymer-based, inorganic, and extracellular vesicle-based systems, as non-viral vectors for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. We discuss their advantages, limitations, and current challenges. By summarizing recent advancements and highlighting key strategies, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of non-viral delivery systems in advancing CRISPR/Cas9 technology for clinical applications and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minse Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Hwang
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Systems Immunology, Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyu Lim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ki Jang
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ouk Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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2
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Semenov KN, Shemchuk OS, Ageev SV, Andoskin PA, Iurev GO, Murin IV, Kozhukhov PK, Maystrenko DN, Molchanov OE, Kholmurodova DK, Rizaev JA, Sharoyko VV. Development of Graphene-Based Materials with the Targeted Action for Cancer Theranostics. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:1362-1391. [PMID: 39245451 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924080029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The review summarises the prospects in the application of graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) in nanomedicine, including drug delivery, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, and theranostics in cancer treatment. The application of GBNs in various areas of science and medicine is due to the unique properties of graphene allowing the development of novel ground-breaking biomedical applications. The review describes current approaches to the production of new targeting graphene-based biomedical agents for the chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy of tumors. Analysis of publications and FDA databases showed that despite numerous clinical studies of graphene-based materials conducted worldwide, there is a lack of information on the clinical trials on the use of graphene-based conjugates for the targeted drug delivery and diagnostics. The review will be helpful for researchers working in development of carbon nanostructures, material science, medicinal chemistry, and nanobiomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N Semenov
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia.
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Olga S Shemchuk
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Sergei V Ageev
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Pavel A Andoskin
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Gleb O Iurev
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Igor V Murin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | | | - Dmitriy N Maystrenko
- Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Oleg E Molchanov
- Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | | | - Jasur A Rizaev
- Samarkand Medical University, Samarkand, 100400, Uzbekistan
| | - Vladimir V Sharoyko
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia.
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, 197758, Russia
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3
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Li M, Chen F, Yang Q, Tang Q, Xiao Z, Tong X, Zhang Y, Lei L, Li S. Biomaterial-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems for Tumor Treatment. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0023. [PMID: 38694229 PMCID: PMC11062511 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology is characterized by high specificity and efficiency, and has been applied to the treatment of human diseases, especially tumors involving multiple genetic modifications. However, the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 still faces some major challenges, the most urgent of which is the development of optimized delivery vectors. Biomaterials are currently the best choice for use in CRISPR/Cas9 delivery vectors owing to their tunability, biocompatibility, and efficiency. As research on biomaterial vectors continues to progress, hope for the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for clinical oncology therapy builds. In this review, we first detail the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its potential applications in tumor therapy. Then, we introduce the different delivery forms and compare the physical, viral, and non-viral vectors. In addition, we analyze the characteristics of different types of biomaterial vectors. We further review recent research progress in the use of biomaterials as vectors for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery to treat specific tumors. Finally, we summarize the shortcomings and prospects of biomaterial-based CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fenglei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qinglai Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zian Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xinying Tong
- Department of Hemodialysis, the Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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4
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Chen F, Du H, Tao M, Xu L, Wang C, White JC, Wang Z, Xing B. Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Facilitate CRISPR/Cas for Reducing Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Environment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3397-3405. [PMID: 38335532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The continued acquisition and propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment confound efforts to manage the global rise in antibiotic resistance. Here, CRISPR-Cas9/sgRNAs carried by nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) were developed to precisely target multi-"high-risk" ARGs (tet, cat, and aph(3')-Ia) commonly detected in the environment. NCDs facilitated the delivery of Cas9/sgRNAs to Escherichia coli (E. coli) without cytotoxicity, achieving sustained elimination of target ARGs. The elimination was optimized using different weight ratios of NCDs and Cas9 protein (1:1, 1:20, and 1:40), and Cas9/multi sgRNAs were designed to achieve multi-cleavage of ARGs in either a single strain or mixed populations. Importantly, NCDs successfully facilitated Cas9/multi sgRNAs for resensitization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in soil (approaching 50%), whereas Cas9/multi sgRNAs alone were inactivated in the complex environment. This work highlights the potential of a fast and precise strategy to minimize the reservoir of antibiotic resistance in agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Du
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengna Tao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lanqing Xu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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5
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Bahl E, Jyoti A, Singh A, Siddqui A, Upadhyay SK, Jain D, Shah MP, Saxena J. Nanomaterials for intelligent CRISPR-Cas tools: improving environment sustainability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32101-x. [PMID: 38291210 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is a desirable gene modification tool covering a wide area in various sectors of medicine, agriculture, and microbial biotechnology. The role of this incredible genetic engineering technology has been extensively investigated; however, it remains formidable with cargo choices, nonspecific delivery, and insertional mutagenesis. Various nanomaterials including lipid, polymeric, and inorganic are being used to deliver the CRISPR-Cas system. Progress in nanomaterials could potentially address these challenges by accelerating precision targeting, cost-effectiveness, and one-step delivery. In this review, we highlighted the advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials as smart delivery systems for CRISPR-Cas so as to ameliorate applications for environmental remediation including biomedical research and healthcare, strategies for mitigating antimicrobial resistance, and to be used as nanofertilizers for enhancing crop growth, and reducing the environmental impact of traditional fertilizers. The timely co-evolution of nanotechnology and CRISPR technologies has contributed to smart novel nanostructure hybrids for improving the onerous tasks of environmental remediation and biological sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekansh Bahl
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, S.A.S Nagar, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Department of Life Science, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhijeet Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India
| | - Arif Siddqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, India
| | - Devendra Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Maulin P Shah
- Industrial Wastewater Research Lab, Ankleshwar, India
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, S.A.S Nagar, 140413, Punjab, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
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6
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Yang C, Lei Y, Ren T, Yao M. The Current Situation and Development Prospect of Whole-Genome Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:658. [PMID: 38203828 PMCID: PMC10779205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
High-throughput genetic screening is useful for discovering critical genes or gene sequences that trigger specific cell functions and/or phenotypes. Loss-of-function genetic screening is mainly achieved through RNA interference (RNAi), CRISPR knock-out (CRISPRko), and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) technologies. Gain-of-function genetic screening mainly depends on the overexpression of a cDNA library and CRISPR activation (CRISPRa). Base editing can perform both gain- and loss-of-function genetic screening. This review discusses genetic screening techniques based on Cas9 nuclease, including Cas9-mediated genome knock-out and dCas9-based gene activation and interference. We compare these methods with previous genetic screening techniques based on RNAi and cDNA library overexpression and propose future prospects and applications for CRISPR screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mingze Yao
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.R.)
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7
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Li J, Tang C, Liang G, Tian H, Lai G, Wu Y, Liu S, Zhang W, Liu S, Shao H. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Associated Protein 9 System: Factors Affecting Precision Gene Editing Efficiency and Optimization Strategies. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:1190-1203. [PMID: 37642232 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) system is a powerful genomic DNA editing tool. The increased applications of gene editing tools, including the CRISPR-Cas system, have contributed to recent advances in biological fields, such as genetic disease therapy, disease-associated gene screening and detection, and cancer therapy. However, the major limiting factor for the wide application of gene editing tools is gene editing efficiency. This review summarizes the recent advances in factors affecting the gene editing efficiency of the CRISPR-Cas9 system and the CRISPR-Cas9 system optimization strategies. The homology-directed repair efficiency-related signal pathways and the form and delivery method of the CRISPR-Cas9 system are the major factors that influence the repair efficiency of gene editing tools. Based on these influencing factors, several strategies have been developed to improve the repair efficiency of gene editing tools. This review provides novel insights for improving the repair efficiency of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system, which may enable the development and improvement of gene editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuxi Tang
- School of Pharmacy & Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozheng Liang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqun Tian
- The Second People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanxi Lai
- School of Pharmacy & Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy & Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy & Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy & Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Shao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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8
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Lee B, Gries K, Valimukhametova AR, McKinney RL, Gonzalez-Rodriguez R, Topkiran UC, Coffer J, Akkaraju GR, Naumov AV. In Vitro Prostate Cancer Treatment via CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing Facilitated by Polyethyleneimine-Derived Graphene Quantum Dots. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2023; 33:2305506. [PMID: 38144446 PMCID: PMC10746168 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202305506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 is a programmable gene editing tool with a promising potential for cancer gene therapy. This therapeutic function is enabled in the present work via the non-covalent delivery of CRISPR ribonucleic protein (RNP) by cationic glucosamine/PEI-derived graphene quantum dots (PEI-GQD) that aid in overcoming physiological barriers and tracking genes of interest. PEI-GQD/RNP complex targeting the TP53 mutation overexpressed in ~50% of cancers successfully produces its double-stranded breaks in solution and in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Restoring this cancer "suicide" gene can promote cellular repair pathways and lead to cancer cell apoptosis. Its repair to the healthy form performed by simultaneous PEI-GQD delivery of CRISPR RNP and a gene repair template leads to a successful therapeutic outcome: 40% apoptotic cancer cell death, while having no effect on non-cancerous HeK293 cells. The translocation of PEI-GQD/RNP complex into PC3 cell cytoplasm is tracked via GQD intrinsic fluorescence, while EGFP-tagged RNP is detected in the cell nucleus, showing the successful detachment of the gene editing tool upon internalization. Using GQDs as non-viral delivery and imaging agents for CRISPR-Cas9 RNP sets the stage for image-guided cancer-specific gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Klara Gries
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ryan L. McKinney
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX
| | | | - Ugur C. Topkiran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Jeffery Coffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX
| | | | - Anton V. Naumov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX
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9
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Tyumentseva M, Tyumentsev A, Akimkin V. CRISPR/Cas9 Landscape: Current State and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16077. [PMID: 38003266 PMCID: PMC10671331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 is a unique genome editing tool that can be easily used in a wide range of applications, including functional genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, biotechnology, plant engineering, livestock breeding, gene therapy, diagnostics, and so on. This review is focused on the current CRISPR/Cas9 landscape, e.g., on Cas9 variants with improved properties, on Cas9-derived and fusion proteins, on Cas9 delivery methods, on pre-existing immunity against CRISPR/Cas9 proteins, anti-CRISPR proteins, and their possible roles in CRISPR/Cas9 function improvement. Moreover, this review presents a detailed outline of CRISPR/Cas9-based diagnostics and therapeutic approaches. Finally, the review addresses the future expansion of genome editors' toolbox with Cas9 orthologs and other CRISPR/Cas proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tyumentseva
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Novogireevskaya Str., 3a, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (V.A.)
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10
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Lin YQ, Feng KK, Lu JY, Le JQ, Li WL, Zhang BC, Li CL, Song XH, Tong LW, Shao JW. CRISPR/Cas9-based application for cancer therapy: Challenges and solutions for non-viral delivery. J Control Release 2023; 361:727-749. [PMID: 37591461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a promising therapeutic technique, which makes precise and rapid gene editing technology possible on account of its high sensitivity and efficiency. CRISPR/Cas9 system has been proved to able to effectively disrupt and modify genes, which shows great potential for cancer treatment. Current researches proves that virus vectors are capable of effectively delivering the CRISPR/Cas9 system, but immunogenicity and carcinogenicity caused by virus transmission still trigger serious consequences. Therefore, the greatest challenge of CRISPR/Cas9 for cancer therapy lies on how to deliver it to the target tumor site safely and effectively. Non-viral delivery systems with specific targeting, high loading capacity, and low immune toxicity are more suitable than viral vectors, which limited by uncontrollable side effects. Their medical advances and applications have been widely concerned. Herein, we present the molecule mechanism and different construction strategies of CRISPR/Cas9 system for editing genes at the beginning of this research. Subsequently, several common CRISPR/Cas9 non-viral deliveries for cancer treatment are introduced. Lastly, based on the main factors limiting the delivery efficiency of non-viral vectors proposed in the existing researches and literature, we summarize and discuss the main methods to solve these limitations in the existing tumor treatment system, aiming to introduce further optimization and innovation of the CRISPR/Cas9 non-viral delivery system suitable for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ke-Ke Feng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jie-Ying Lu
- Faculty of Foreign Studies, Guangdong Baiyun University, Guangzhou 510450, China
| | - Jing-Qing Le
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wu-Lin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Bing-Chen Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Cheng-Lei Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xun-Huan Song
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ling-Wu Tong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jing-Wei Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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11
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Song N, Chu Y, Tang J, Yang D. Lipid-, Inorganic-, Polymer-, and DNA-Based Nanocarriers for Delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300180. [PMID: 37183575 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been widely explored for the precise manipulation of target DNA and has enabled efficient genomic editing in cells. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 has shown promising potential in biomedical applications, including disease treatment, transcriptional regulation and genome-wide screening. Despite these exciting achievements, efficient and controlled delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has remained a critical obstacle to its further application. Herein, we elaborate on the three delivery forms of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and discuss the composition, advantages and limitations of these forms. Then we provide a comprehensive overview of the carriers of the system, and focus on the nonviral nanocarriers in chemical methods that facilitate efficient and controlled delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of the delivery methods of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in depth, and propose strategies to address the intracellular and extracellular barriers to delivery in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachuan Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Chu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jianpu Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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12
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Zheng Q, Wang W, Zhou Y, Mo J, Chang X, Zha Z, Zha L. Synthetic nanoparticles for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system: classification and biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5361-5389. [PMID: 37381725 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing has great potential in biomedical research including disease diagnosis and treatment. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is the most straightforward and cost-effective method. The efficient and precise delivery of CRISPR can impact the specificity and efficacy of gene editing. In recent years, synthetic nanoparticles have been discovered as effective CRISPR/Cas9 delivery vehicles. We categorized synthetic nanoparticles for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery and discribed their advantages and disadvantages. Further, the building blocks of different kinds of nanoparticles and their applications in cells/tissues, cancer and other diseases were described in detail. Finally, the challenges encountered in the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery materials were discussed, and potential solutions were provided regarding efficiency and biosafety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Weitao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Jiayin Mo
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyue Chang
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengbao Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Lisha Zha
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
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13
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Carneiro SP, Greco A, Chiesa E, Genta I, Merkel OM. Shaping the future from the small scale: dry powder inhalation of CRISPR-Cas9 lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of lung diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:471-487. [PMID: 36896650 PMCID: PMC7614984 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2185220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most lung diseases are serious conditions resulting from genetic and environmental causes associated with high mortality and severe symptoms. Currently, treatments available have a palliative effect and many targets are still considered undruggable. Gene therapy stands as an attractive approach to offering innovative therapeutic solutions. CRISPRCas9 has established a remarkable potential for genome editing with high selectivity to targeted mutations. To ensure high efficacy with minimum systemic exposure, the delivery and administration route are key components that must be investigated. AREAS COVERED This review is focused on the delivery of CRISPRCas9 to the lungs, taking advantage of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), the most clinically advanced nucleic acid carriers. We also aim to highlight the benefits of pulmonary administration as a local delivery route and the use of spray drying to prepare stable nucleic-acid-based dry powder formulations that can overcome multiple lung barriers. EXPERT OPINION Exploring the pulmonary administration to deliver CRISPRCas9 loaded in LNPs as a dry powder increases the chances to achieve high efficacy and reduced adverse effects. CRISPRCas9 loaded in LNP-embedded microparticles has not yet been reported in the literature but has the potential to reach and accumulate in target cells in the lung, thus, enhancing overall efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone P. Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonietta Greco
- University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Olivia M. Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
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14
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Borzooee Moghadam N, Avatefi M, Karimi M, Mahmoudifard M. Graphene family in cancer therapy: recent progress in cancer gene/drug delivery applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2568-2613. [PMID: 36883982 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01858f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, the development in the construction and architecture of graphene based nanocomplexes has dramatically accelerated the use of nano-graphene for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, fostering a new area of nano-cancer therapy. To be specific, nano-graphene is increasingly used in cancer therapy, where diagnosis and treatment are coupled to deal with the clinical difficulties and challenges of this lethal disease. As a distinct family of nanomaterials, graphene derivatives exhibit outstanding structural, mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal capabilities. Concurrently, they can transport a wide variety of synthetic agents, including medicines and biomolecules, such as nucleic acid sequences (DNA and RNA). Herewith, we first provide an overview of the most effective functionalizing agents for graphene derivatives and afterward discuss the significant improvements in the gene and drug delivery composites based on graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Borzooee Moghadam
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Manizheh Avatefi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Karimi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Matin Mahmoudifard
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Meng X, Wu T, Lou Q, Niu K, Jiang L, Xiao Q, Xu T, Zhang L. Optimization of CRISPR-Cas system for clinical cancer therapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10474. [PMID: 36925702 PMCID: PMC10013785 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease caused by alterations in genome and epigenome and is one of the leading causes for death worldwide. The exploration of disease development and therapeutic strategies at the genetic level have become the key to the treatment of cancer and other genetic diseases. The functional analysis of genes and mutations has been slow and laborious. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative approaches to improve the current status of cancer research. Gene editing technologies provide technical support for efficient gene disruption and modification in vivo and in vitro, in particular the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systems. Currently, the applications of CRISPR-Cas systems in cancer rely on different Cas effector proteins and the design of guide RNAs. Furthermore, effective vector delivery must be met for the CRISPR-Cas systems to enter human clinical trials. In this review article, we describe the mechanism of the CRISPR-Cas systems and highlight the applications of class II Cas effector proteins. We also propose a synthetic biology approach to modify the CRISPR-Cas systems, and summarize various delivery approaches facilitating the clinical application of the CRISPR-Cas systems. By modifying the CRISPR-Cas system and optimizing its in vivo delivery, promising and effective treatments for cancers using the CRISPR-Cas system are emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Meng
- College & Hospital of StomatologyAnhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui ProvinceHefeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tian‐gang Wu
- College & Hospital of StomatologyAnhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui ProvinceHefeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qiu‐yue Lou
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHefeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Kai‐yuan Niu
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute (WHRI), Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London (QMUL) Heart Centre (G23)LondonUK
- Department of OtolaryngologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Lei Jiang
- College & Hospital of StomatologyAnhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui ProvinceHefeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qing‐zhong Xiao
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute (WHRI), Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London (QMUL) Heart Centre (G23)LondonUK
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural ProductsAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- College & Hospital of StomatologyAnhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui ProvinceHefeiPeople's Republic of China
- Department of PeriodontologyAnhui Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
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16
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Ghani MW, Iqbal A, Ghani H, Bibi S, Wang Z, Pei R. Recent advances in nanocomposite-based delivery systems for targeted CRISPR/Cas delivery and therapeutic genetic manipulation. J Mater Chem B 2023. [PMID: 36779580 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02610d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas systems are novel gene editing tools with tremendous capacity and accuracy for gene editing and hold great potential for therapeutic genetic manipulation. However, the lack of safe and efficient delivery methods for CRISPR/Cas and its guide RNA hinders their wide adoption for therapeutic applications. To this end, there is an increasing demand for safe, efficient, precise, and non-pathogenic delivery approaches, both in vitro and in vivo. With the convergence of nanotechnology and biomedicine, functional nanocomposites have demonstrated unparalleled sophistication to overcome the limits of CRISPR/Cas delivery. The tunability of the physicochemical properties of nanocomposites makes it very easy to conjugate them with different functional substances. The combinatorial application of diverse functional materials in the form of nanocomposites has shown excellent properties for CRISPR/Cas delivery at the target site with therapeutic potential. The recent highlights of selective organ targeting and phase I clinical trials for gene manipulation by CRISPR/Cas after delivery through LNPs are at the brink of making it to routine clinical practice. Here we summarize the recent advances in delivering CRISPR/Cas systems through nanocomposites for targeted delivery and therapeutic genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem Ghani
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Ambreen Iqbal
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Hammad Ghani
- Basic Health Unit Laleka, Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department, Bahawalngar, 62300, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Bibi
- Department of Biology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar Campus 62300, Pakistan
| | - Zixun Wang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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17
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Taheriazam A, Abad GGY, Hajimazdarany S, Imani MH, Ziaolhagh S, Zandieh MA, Bayanzadeh SD, Mirzaei S, Hamblin MR, Entezari M, Aref AR, Zarrabi A, Ertas YN, Ren J, Rajabi R, Paskeh MDA, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K. Graphene oxide nanoarchitectures in cancer biology: Nano-modulators of autophagy and apoptosis. J Control Release 2023; 354:503-522. [PMID: 36641122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a growing field, with many potential biomedical applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of different diseases, particularly cancer, on the horizon. Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles can act as carbon-based nanocarriers with advantages such as a large surface area, good mechanical strength, and the capacity for surface modification. These nanostructures have been extensively used in cancer therapy for drug and gene delivery, photothermal therapy, overcoming chemotherapy resistance, and for imaging procedures. In the current review, we focus on the biological functions of GO nanoparticles as regulators of apoptosis and autophagy, the two major forms of programmed cell death. GO nanoparticles can either induce or inhibit autophagy in cancer cells, depending on the conditions. By stimulating autophagy, GO nanocarriers can promote the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. However, by impairing autophagy flux, GO nanoparticles can reduce cell survival and enhance inflammation. Similarly, GO nanomaterials can increase ROS production and induce DNA damage, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments have investigated whether GO nanomaterials show any toxicity in major body organs, such as the brain, liver, spleen, and heart. Molecular pathways, such as ATG, MAPK, JNK, and Akt, can be regulated by GO nanomaterials, leading to effects on autophagy and apoptosis. These topics are discussed in this review to shed some lights towards the biomedical potential of GO nanoparticles and their biocompatibility, paving the way for their future application in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Gholamiyan Yousef Abad
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Hajimazdarany
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Imani
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e kord Branch, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran
| | - Setayesh Ziaolhagh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vice President at Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Romina Rajabi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Oz T, Kaushik AK, Kujawska M. Advances in graphene-based nanoplatforms and their application in Parkinson's disease. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 4:6464-6477. [DOI: 10.1039/d3ma00623a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Graphene and GBNs offer diverse PD management modalities by targeting neurodegeneration, exerting regenerative properties and their use as carriers, biosensors, and imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Oz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ajeet Kumar Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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19
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Chien Y, Hsiao YJ, Chou SJ, Lin TY, Yarmishyn AA, Lai WY, Lee MS, Lin YY, Lin TW, Hwang DK, Lin TC, Chiou SH, Chen SJ, Yang YP. Nanoparticles-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapy in inherited retinal diseases: applications, challenges, and emerging opportunities. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:511. [DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractInherited Retinal Diseases (IRDs) are considered one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. However, the majority of them still lack a safe and effective treatment due to their complexity and genetic heterogeneity. Recently, gene therapy is gaining importance as an efficient strategy to address IRDs which were previously considered incurable. The development of the clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has strongly empowered the field of gene therapy. However, successful gene modifications rely on the efficient delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 components into the complex three-dimensional (3D) architecture of the human retinal tissue. Intriguing findings in the field of nanoparticles (NPs) meet all the criteria required for CRISPR-Cas9 delivery and have made a great contribution toward its therapeutic applications. In addition, exploiting induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and in vitro 3D retinal organoids paved the way for prospective clinical trials of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in treating IRDs. This review highlights important advances in NP-based gene therapy, the CRISPR-Cas9 system, and iPSC-derived retinal organoids with a focus on IRDs. Collectively, these studies establish a multidisciplinary approach by integrating nanomedicine and stem cell technologies and demonstrate the utility of retina organoids in developing effective therapies for IRDs.
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Chen G, Deng S, Zuo M, Wang J, Cheng D, Chen B. Non-viral CRISPR activation system targeting VEGF-A and TGF-β1 for enhanced osteogenesis of pre-osteoblasts implanted with dual-crosslinked hydrogel. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100356. [PMID: 35898441 PMCID: PMC9309523 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of large calvarial bone defects remains challenge but may be improved by stimulating bone regeneration of implanted cells. The aim of this study is to specially co-activate transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) genes expressions in pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells through the non-viral CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) system to promote osteogenesis. A cationic copolymer carrying nucleus localizing peptides and proton sponge groups dimethyl-histidine was synthesized to deliver CRISPRa system into MC3T3-E1 cells with high cellular uptake, lysosomal escape, and nuclear translocation, which activated VEGF-A and TGF-β1 genes expressions and thereby additively or synergistically induced several osteogenic genes expressions. A tunable dual-crosslinked hydrogel was developed to implant the above engineered cells into mice calvaria bone defect site to promote bone healing in vivo. The combination of multi-genes activation through non-viral CRISPRa system and tunable dual-crosslinked hydrogel provides a versatile strategy for promoting bone healing with synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Shaohui Deng
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Mingxiang Zuo
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
| | - Du Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Bin Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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Wu Z, Huo X, Yang T, Liu K, Wu T, Feng Z, Wang M, Li F, Jia J, Zhang X, Gao W, Yu L. CRISPR/Cas9-3NLS/sgHMGA2@PDA nanosystem is the potential efficient gene editing therapy for gastric cancer with HMGA2 high expression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:978533. [PMID: 36119467 PMCID: PMC9479195 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.978533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the target therapies with promising clinical use for gastric cancer (GC). However, the delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9/sgRNA (RNP) gene editing tool severely limits the practical therapeutic effect of GC. Therefore, it is a great challenge to develop an RNP delivery system that is simple to prepare and can rapidly encapsulate RNP while achieving high delivery and gene editing efficiency. We developed, for the first time, the CRISPR/Cas9@PDA nano-delivery system that can achieve high-efficiency delivery (95%) of CRISPR/Cas9-3NLS/sgHMGA2 and high-efficient HMGA2 gene editing (82%) of GC cells. In particular, the experiment’s weak alkaline environment can not only protect the activity of CRISPR/Cas9-3NLS/sgHMGA2 but also trigger the self-polymerization of polydopamine (PDA). Meanwhile, the presence of KE in the CRISPR/Cas9 amino acid sequence can achieve the directional growth of PDA, thus forming a core–shell structure that protects CRISPR/Cas9-3NLS/sgHMGA2. This efficient CRISPR/Cas9-3NLS/sgHMGA2 delivery and HMGA2 gene editing ability has also been verified in mice, which can significantly inhibit tumor growth in mice. The success of building the delivery system and its ideal treating effect give hope to the efficacious treatment for the GC patients with HMGA2 high expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouying Wu
- Clinical Medical Research Center/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation of the Metabolic Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Xue Huo
- Clinical Medical Research Center/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation of the Metabolic Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Center/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation of the Metabolic Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Clinical Medical Research Center/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation of the Metabolic Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Zongqi Feng
- Clinical Medical Research Center/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation of the Metabolic Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Min Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation of the Metabolic Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Feng Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation of the Metabolic Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianchao Jia
- Clinical Medical Research Center/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation of the Metabolic Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation of the Metabolic Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenming Gao
- Departments of Cardiology, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Clinical Medical Research Center/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation of the Metabolic Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Yu,
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22
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Fang T, Cao X, Ibnat M, Chen G. Stimuli-responsive nanoformulations for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:354. [PMID: 35918694 PMCID: PMC9344766 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas9 technology has changed the landscape of genome editing and has demonstrated extraordinary potential for treating otherwise incurable diseases. Engineering strategies to enable efficient intracellular delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 components has been a central theme for broadening the impact of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Various non-viral delivery systems for CRISPR-Cas9 have been investigated given their favorable safety profiles over viral systems. Many recent efforts have been focused on the development of stimuli-responsive non-viral CRISPR-Cas9 delivery systems, with the goal of achieving efficient and precise genome editing. Stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms are capable of sensing and responding to particular triggers, such as innate biological cues and external stimuli, for controlled CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. In this Review, we overview the recent advances in stimuli-responsive nanoformulations for CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, highlight the rationale of stimuli and formulation designs, and summarize their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.,Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Xiaona Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.,Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.,School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mysha Ibnat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.,Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada. .,Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.
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Yang W, Yan J, Zhuang P, Ding T, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Cui W. Progress of delivery methods for CRISPR-Cas9. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:913-926. [PMID: 35818792 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gene therapy is becoming increasingly common in clinical practice, giving hope for the correction of a wide range of human diseases and defects. The CRISPR/Cas9 system, consisting of the Cas9 nuclease and single-guide RNA (sgRNA), has revolutionized the field of gene editing. However, efficiently delivering the CRISPR-Cas9 to the target organ or cell remains a significant challenge. In recent years, with rapid advances in nanoscience, materials science, and medicine, researchers have developed various technologies that can deliver CRISPR-Cas9 in different forms for in vitro and in vivo gene editing. Here, we review the development of the CRISPR-Cas9 and describe the delivery forms and the vectors that have emerged in CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, summarizing the key barriers and the promising strategies that vectors currently face in delivering the CRISPR-Cas9. AREAS COVERED With the rapid development of CRISPR-Cas9, delivery methods are becoming increasingly important in the in vivo delivery of CRISPR-Cas9. EXPERT OPINION CRISPR-Cas9 is becoming increasingly common in clinical trials. However, the complex nuclease and protease environment is a tremendous challenge for in vivo clinical applications. Therefore, the development of delivery methods is highly likely to take the application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology to another level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Pengzhen Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
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24
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Mostafavi E, Zare H. Carbon-based nanomaterials in gene therapy. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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25
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Takebayashi K, Wittayarat M, Lin Q, Hirata M, Yoshimura N, Torigoe N, Nagahara M, Do LTK, Tanihara F, Otoi T. Gene editing in porcine embryos using a combination of electroporation and transfection methods. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1136-1142. [PMID: 35699358 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9) technology is growing rapidly and has been greatly influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of genetic modifications in different applications. One aspect of research gaining importance in the development of the CRISPR/Cas9 system is the introduction of CRISPR materials into target organisms. Although we previously demonstrated the efficacy of electroporation- and lipofection-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene disruption in porcine zygotes, we still believe that the efficiency of this system could be improved by combining these two methods. The present study was thus conducted to clarify the effects of a combination of electroporation and lipofection for delivering CRISPR/Cas9 components into zona pellucida (ZP)-intact and -free zygotes. The results revealed that electroporation alone significantly increased the biallelic mutation rates in the resulting blastocysts compared to lipofection alone, irrespective of the presence of ZP. None of ZP-intact zygotes treated by lipofectamine alone had any mutations, suggesting that removal of the ZP is necessary for enabling CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing via lipofection treatment in the zygotes. Additional lipofectamine treatment after electroporation did not improve the rates of total and biallelic mutations in the resulting blastocysts derived from either ZP-intact or -free zygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Takebayashi
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Manita Wittayarat
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Qingyi Lin
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoaki Yoshimura
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nanaka Torigoe
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Megumi Nagahara
- NOSAI Yamagata Central Veterinary Clinic Center, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Lanh Thi Kim Do
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fuminori Tanihara
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Xu Z, Wang Q, Zhong H, Jiang Y, Shi X, Yuan B, Yu N, Zhang S, Yuan X, Guo S, Yang Y. Carrier strategies boost the application of CRISPR/Cas system in gene therapy. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210081. [PMID: 37323878 PMCID: PMC10190933 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) genome editing technology shows great potential in gene therapy. However, proteins and nucleic acids suffer from enzymatic degradation in the physiological environment and low permeability into cells. Exploiting carriers to protect the CRISPR system from degradation, enhance its targeting of specific tissues and cells, and reduce its immunogenicity is essential to stimulate its clinical applications. Here, the authors review the state-of-the-art CRISPR delivery systems and their applications, and describe strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of CRISPR mediated genome editing, categorized by three types of cargo formats, that is, Cas: single-guide RNA ribonucleoprotein, Cas mRNA and single-guide RNA, and Cas plasmid expressing CRISPR/Cas systems. The authors hope this review will help develop safe and efficient nanomaterial-based carriers for CRISPR tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunkai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduChina
| | - Haiping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yaoyao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceTianjin Eye InstituteTianjin Eye HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Na Yu
- Translational Medicine CenterKey Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Second Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of EducationDalian Minzu UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaoyong Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceTianjin Eye InstituteTianjin Eye HospitalTianjinChina
- Clinical College of OphthalmologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shutao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduChina
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27
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Lan T, Que H, Luo M, Zhao X, Wei X. Genome editing via non-viral delivery platforms: current progress in personalized cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:71. [PMID: 35277177 PMCID: PMC8915502 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a severe disease that substantially jeopardizes global health. Although considerable efforts have been made to discover effective anti-cancer therapeutics, the cancer incidence and mortality are still growing. The personalized anti-cancer therapies present themselves as a promising solution for the dilemma because they could precisely destroy or fix the cancer targets based on the comprehensive genomic analyses. In addition, genome editing is an ideal way to implement personalized anti-cancer therapy because it allows the direct modification of pro-tumor genes as well as the generation of personalized anti-tumor immune cells. Furthermore, non-viral delivery system could effectively transport genome editing tools (GETs) into the cell nucleus with an appreciable safety profile. In this manuscript, the important attributes and recent progress of GETs will be discussed. Besides, the laboratory and clinical investigations that seek for the possibility of combining non-viral delivery systems with GETs for the treatment of cancer will be assessed in the scope of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxia Lan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiying Que
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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28
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Saw PE, Cui GH, Xu X. Nanoparticles-mediated CRISPR/Cas gene editing delivery system. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100777. [PMID: 35261159 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas gene editing system utilizes CRISPR RNA to guide the endonuclease in specifically breaking target gene, and then repairs genomic DNA by the means of homology directed repair (HDR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The gene editing system can only play its role in gene editing when it enters the nucleus. This crucial step in the process of gene editing is the major hurdle to gene therapy as it is still a huge challenge to efficiently deliver the CRISPR/Cas system to target tissues and cells. The low delivery efficiency hinders the clinical transformation of this technology. At present, delivery systems mainly include physical methods, viral vectors, and non-viral vectors. Due to the advantages of nanomaterial, it is currently being used rapidly in developing non-viral delivery systems. This review focuses on the mechanism of CRISPR/Cas and the delivery of gene editing system, following the research progress of nanoparticle-mediated gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phei Er Saw
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, 107 West Yanjiang Road, 510000, Guangzhou, CHINA
| | - Guo-Hui Cui
- Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Bio-safety Laboratory, CHINA
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Medical Research Center, CHINA
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29
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Feng S, Wang Z, Li A, Xie X, Liu J, Li S, Li Y, Wang B, Hu L, Yang L, Guo T. Strategies for High-Efficiency Mutation Using the CRISPR/Cas System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:803252. [PMID: 35198566 PMCID: PMC8860194 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.803252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated systems have revolutionized traditional gene-editing tools and are a significant tool for ameliorating gene defects. Characterized by high target specificity, extraordinary efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, CRISPR/Cas systems have displayed tremendous potential for genetic manipulation in almost any organism and cell type. Despite their numerous advantages, however, CRISPR/Cas systems have some inherent limitations, such as off-target effects, unsatisfactory efficiency of delivery, and unwanted adverse effects, thereby resulting in a desire to explore approaches to address these issues. Strategies for improving the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas-induced mutations, such as reducing off-target effects, improving the design and modification of sgRNA, optimizing the editing time and the temperature, choice of delivery system, and enrichment of sgRNA, are comprehensively described in this review. Additionally, several newly emerging approaches, including the use of Cas variants, anti-CRISPR proteins, and mutant enrichment, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the authors provide a deep analysis of the current challenges in the utilization of CRISPR/Cas systems and the future applications of CRISPR/Cas systems in various scenarios. This review not only serves as a reference for improving the maturity of CRISPR/Cas systems but also supplies practical guidance for expanding the applicability of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aifang Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baiyan Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lianhe Yang
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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30
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Hasanzadeh A, Noori H, Jahandideh A, Haeri Moghaddam N, Kamrani Mousavi SM, Nourizadeh H, Saeedi S, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Smart Strategies for Precise Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 in Genome Editing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:413-437. [PMID: 35040621 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of CRISPR/Cas technology has enabled scientists to precisely edit genomic DNA sequences. This approach can be used to modulate gene expression for the treatment of genetic disorders and incurable diseases such as cancer. This potent genome-editing tool is based on a single guide RNA (sgRNA) strand that recognizes the targeted DNA, plus a Cas nuclease protein for binding and processing the target. CRISPR/Cas has great potential for editing many genes in different types of cells and organisms both in vitro and in vivo. Despite these remarkable advances, the risk of off-target effects has hindered the translation of CRISPR/Cas technology into clinical applications. To overcome this hurdle, researchers have devised gene regulatory systems that can be controlled in a spatiotemporal manner, by designing special sgRNA, Cas, and CRISPR/Cas delivery vehicles that are responsive to different stimuli, such as temperature, light, magnetic fields, ultrasound (US), pH, redox, and enzymatic activity. These systems can even respond to dual or multiple stimuli simultaneously, thereby providing superior spatial and temporal control over CRISPR/Cas gene editing. Herein, we summarize the latest advances on smart sgRNA, Cas, and CRISPR/Cas nanocarriers, categorized according to their stimulus type (physical, chemical, or biological).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hasanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Hamid Noori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Atefeh Jahandideh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Niloofar Haeri Moghaddam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Seyede Mahtab Kamrani Mousavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Helena Nourizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Sara Saeedi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556559, Iran
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1584743311, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
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Dubey AK, Kumar Gupta V, Kujawska M, Orive G, Kim NY, Li CZ, Kumar Mishra Y, Kaushik A. Exploring nano-enabled CRISPR-Cas-powered strategies for efficient diagnostics and treatment of infectious diseases. JOURNAL OF NANOSTRUCTURE IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 12:833-864. [PMID: 35194511 PMCID: PMC8853211 DOI: 10.1007/s40097-022-00472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical researchers have subsequently been inspired the development of new approaches for precisely changing an organism's genomic DNA in order to investigate customized diagnostics and therapeutics utilizing genetic engineering techniques. Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is one such technique that has emerged as a safe, targeted, and effective pharmaceutical treatment against a wide range of disease-causing organisms, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, as well as genetic abnormalities. The recent discovery of very flexible engineered nucleic acid binding proteins has changed the scientific area of genome editing in a revolutionary way. Since current genetic engineering technique relies on viral vectors, issues about immunogenicity, insertional oncogenesis, retention, and targeted delivery remain unanswered. The use of nanotechnology has the potential to improve the safety and efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 component distribution by employing tailored polymeric nanoparticles. The combination of two (CRISPR/Cas9 and nanotechnology) offers the potential to open new therapeutic paths. Considering the benefits, demand, and constraints, the goal of this research is to acquire more about the biology of CRISPR technology, as well as aspects of selective and effective diagnostics and therapies for infectious illnesses and other metabolic disorders. This review advocated combining nanomedicine (nanomedicine) with a CRISPR/Cas enabled sensing system to perform early-stage diagnostics and selective therapy of specific infectious disorders. Such a Nano-CRISPR-powered nanomedicine and sensing system would allow for successful infectious illness control, even on a personal level. This comprehensive study also discusses the current obstacles and potential of the predicted technology. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40097-022-00472-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG UK
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Nanobiocel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- Department of Electronics Engineering, RFIC Bio Centre, NDAC Centre, RFIC Bio Centre, NDAC Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01897 South Korea
| | - Chen-zhong Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alison 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL-33805 USA
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Ashrafizadeh M, Saebfar H, Gholami MH, Hushmandi K, Zabolian A, Bikarannejad P, Hashemi M, Daneshi S, Mirzaei S, Sharifi E, Kumar AP, Khan H, Heydari Sheikh Hossein H, Vosough M, Rabiee N, Thakur Kumar V, Makvandi P, Mishra YK, Tay FR, Wang Y, Zarrabi A, Orive G, Mostafavi E. Doxorubicin-loaded graphene oxide nanocomposites in cancer medicine: Stimuli-responsive carriers, co-delivery and suppressing resistance. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:355-382. [PMID: 35152815 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2041598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The application of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer therapy has been limited due to its drug resistance and poor internalization. Graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures have the capacity for DOX delivery while promoting its cytotoxicity in cancer. AREAS COVERED The favorable characteristics of GO nanocomposites, preparation method, and application in cancer therapy are described. Then, DOX resistance in cancer is discussed. The GO-mediated photothermal therapy and DOX delivery for cancer suppression are described. Preparation of stimuli-responsive GO nanocomposites, surface functionalization, hybrid nanoparticles, and theranostic applications are emphasized in DOX chemotherapy. EXPERT OPINION Graphene oxide nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy maximizes the anti-cancer activity of DOX against cancer cells. Apart from DOX delivery, GO nanomaterials are capable of loading anti-cancer agents and genetic tools to minimize drug resistance and enhance the cytolytic impact of DOX in cancer eradication. To enhance DOX accumulation in cancer cells, stimuli-responsive (redox-, light-, enzyme- and pH-sensitive) GO nanoparticles have been developed for DOX delivery. Further development of targeted delivery of DOX-loaded GO nanomaterials against cancer cells may be achieved by surface modification of polymers such as polyethylene glycol, hyaluronic acid, and chitosan. Doxorubicin-loaded GO nanoparticles have demonstrated theranostic potential for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. Hybridization of GO with other nanocarriers such as silica and gold nanoparticles further broadens their potential anti-cancer therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamidreza Saebfar
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Gholami
- DVM. Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Pooria Bikarannejad
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838736 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | | | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Vijay Thakur Kumar
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, U.K.,School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interface, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHUFundación Eduardo Anitua). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Bloomer H, Khirallah J, Li Y, Xu Q. CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein-mediated genome and epigenome editing in mammalian cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114087. [PMID: 34942274 PMCID: PMC8844242 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system has revolutionized the ability to edit the mammalian genome, providing a platform for the correction of pathogenic mutations and further investigation into gene function. CRISPR reagents can be delivered into the cell as DNA, RNA, or pre-formed ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). RNPs offer numerous advantages over other delivery approaches due to their ability to rapidly target genomic sites and quickly degrade thereafter. Here, we review the production steps and delivery methods for Cas9 RNPs. Additionally, we discuss how RNPs enhance genome and epigenome editing efficiencies, reduce off-target editing activity, and minimize cellular toxicity in clinically relevant mammalian cell types. We include details on a broad range of editing approaches, including novel base and prime editing techniques. Finally, we summarize key challenges for the use of RNPs, and propose future perspectives on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Bloomer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, US,School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, US
| | - Jennifer Khirallah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, US
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, US,Corresponding Authors: (Y. Li) and (Q. Xu)
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, US,Corresponding Authors: (Y. Li) and (Q. Xu)
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Rehman MU, Khan A, Imtiyaz Z, Ali S, Makeen HA, Rashid S, Arafah A. Current Nano-therapeutic Approaches Ameliorating Inflammation in Cancer Progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:886-908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abdelhalim AO, Semenov KN, Nerukh DA, Murin IV, Maistrenko DN, Molchanov OE, Sharoyko VV. Functionalisation of graphene as a tool for developing nanomaterials with predefined properties. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang M, Yang T, Bao Q, Yang M, Mao C. Binding Peptide-Promoted Biofunctionalization of Graphene Paper with Hydroxyapatite for Stimulating Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:350-360. [PMID: 34962367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene paper (GP), a macroscopic self-supporting material, has exceptional flexibility and preserves the excellent physical and chemical properties of graphene nanomaterials. But its applications in regenerative medicine remain to be further explored. Here, we biologically functionalized GP with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods by the use of GP-binding peptides as an affinity linker. This strategy solved two daunting challenges for regenerative medicine applications of GP: the lack of good hydrophilicity for supporting cell growth and the difficulty in forming composites by binding with nanobiomaterials. Briefly, we first screened a high-affinity GP-binding peptide (TWWNPRLVYFDY) by the phage display technique. Then we chemically conjugated the GP-binding peptide to the synthetic HA nanorods. The GP-binding peptide on the resultant HA nanorods enabled them to be bound and assembled onto the GP substrate with high affinity, forming a GP-peptide-HA composite with significantly improved hydrophilicity of GP. The composite promoted the attachment and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), demonstrating its outstanding biocompatibility. Due to the unique compositions of the composite, it was also found to induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro in the absence of other inducers in the medium, by verifying the expression of the osteogenic markers including collagen-1, bone morphogenetic proteins 2, runx-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase. Our work suggests that the GP-binding peptide can be used to link inorganic nanoparticles onto GP to facilitate the biomedical applications of GP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qing Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5251, United States
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Wang D, Chen L, Li C, Long Q, Yang Q, Huang A, Tang H. CRISPR/Cas9 delivery by NIR-responsive biomimetic nanoparticles for targeted HBV therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:27. [PMID: 34991617 PMCID: PMC8740473 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there are no curative drugs for hepatitis B virus (HBV). Complete elimination of HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is key to the complete cure of hepatitis B virus infection. The CRISPR/Cas9 system can directly destroy HBV cccDNA. However, a CRISPR/Cas9 delivery system with low immunogenicity and high efficiency has not yet been established. Moreover, effective implementation of precise remote spatiotemporal operations in CRISPR/Cas9 is a major limitation. Results In this work, we designed NIR-responsive biomimetic nanoparticles (UCNPs-Cas9@CM), which could effectively deliver Cas9 RNP to achieve effective genome editing for HBV therapy. HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV pgRNA and HBV DNA along with cccDNA in HBV-infected cells were found to be inhibited. These findings were confirmed in HBV-Tg mice, which did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity and minimal off-target DNA damage. Conclusions The UCNPs-based biomimetic nanoplatforms achieved the inhibition of HBV replication via CRISPR therapy and it is a potential system for efficient treatment of human HBV diseases. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01233-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.,The People's Hospital of Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chengbi Li
- The People's Hospital of Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Quanxin Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qing Yang
- The People's Hospital of Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Dowaidar M, Abdelhamid HN, Langel Ü. Improvement of Transfection with PepFects Using Organic and Inorganic Materials. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2383:555-567. [PMID: 34766313 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1752-6_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a promising non-viral vector for gene and drug delivery. CPPs exhibit high cell transfection, and are biocompatible. They can be also conjugated with organic and inorganic nanomaterials, such as magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), graphene oxide (GO), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and chitosan. Nanomaterials offered a high specific surface area and provided relatively straightforward methods to be modified with biomolecules including CPPs and oligonucleotides (ONs). Novel nanomaterials conjugates with CPP/ONs complexes are therefore of interest for cell transfection with high efficiency. In this chapter, we described a summary of the non-viral vectors consisting of CPPs and nanomaterials. The book chapter also included a protocol to generate hybrid biomaterials consisting of CPPs and nanoparticles (NPs) for the delivery of oligonucleotides. The conjugation of NPs with CPPs serves as an effective platform for gene therapy with high cell transfection efficiency. The protocol is simple, offers high cell transfection compared to the CPPs-ONs complexes, and can be used for further improvements using external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Dowaidar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
- Advanced Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ülo Langel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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39
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Lin Y, Wagner E, Lächelt U. Non-viral delivery of the CRISPR/Cas system: DNA versus RNA versus RNP. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1166-1192. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01658j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, the CRISPR/Cas technology has rapidly become an essential tool in modern biomedical research. The opportunities to specifically modify and correct genomic DNA has also raised big hope...
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Kong H, Ju E, Yi K, Xu W, Lao Y, Cheng D, Zhang Q, Tao Y, Li M, Ding J. Advanced Nanotheranostics of CRISPR/Cas for Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102051. [PMID: 34665528 PMCID: PMC8693080 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease, particularly viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a global healthcare burden and leads to more than 2 million deaths per year worldwide. Despite some success in diagnosis and vaccine development, there are still unmet needs to improve diagnostics and therapeutics for viral hepatitis and HCC. The emerging clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas) technology may open up a unique avenue to tackle these two diseases at the genetic level in a precise manner. Especially, liver is a more accessible organ over others from the delivery point of view, and many advanced strategies applied for nanotheranostics can be adapted in CRISPR-mediated diagnostics or liver gene editing. In this review, the focus is on these two aspects of viral hepatitis and HCC applications. An overview on CRISPR editor development and current progress in clinical trials is first given, followed by highlighting the recent advances integrating the merits of gene editing and nanotheranostics. The promising systems that are used in other applications but may hold potentials in liver gene editing are also discussed. This review concludes with the perspectives on rationally designing the next-generation CRISPR approaches and improving the editing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Kong
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for Nanomedicine and Biotherapy CenterThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630P. R. China
| | - Enguo Ju
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for Nanomedicine and Biotherapy CenterThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630P. R. China
| | - Ke Yi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for Nanomedicine and Biotherapy CenterThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Yeh‐Hsing Lao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia University3960 Broadway Lasker Room 450New YorkNY10032USA
| | - Du Cheng
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University135 Xingangxi RoadGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for Nanomedicine and Biotherapy CenterThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630P. R. China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for Nanomedicine and Biotherapy CenterThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630P. R. China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for Nanomedicine and Biotherapy CenterThe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
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Tyumentseva MA, Tyumentsev AI, Akimkin VG. Protocol for assessment of the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas RNP delivery to different types of target cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259812. [PMID: 34752487 PMCID: PMC8577758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delivery of CRISPR/Cas RNPs to target cells still remains the biggest bottleneck to genome editing. Many efforts are made to develop efficient CRISPR/Cas RNP delivery methods that will not affect viability of target cell dramatically. Popular current methods and protocols of CRISPR/Cas RNP delivery include lipofection and electroporation, transduction by osmocytosis and reversible permeabilization and erythrocyte-based methods. METHODS In this study we will assess the efficiency and optimize current CRISPR/Cas RNP delivery protocols to target cells. We will conduct our work using molecular cloning, protein expression and purification, cell culture, flow cytometry (immunocytochemistry) and cellular imaging techniques. DISCUSSION This will be the first extensive comparative study of popular current methods and protocols of CRISPR/Cas RNP delivery to human cell lines and primary cells. All protocols will be optimized and characterized using the following criteria i) protein delivery and genome editing efficacy; ii) viability of target cells after delivery (post-transduction recovery); iii) scalability of delivery process; iv) cost-effectiveness of the delivery process and v) intellectual property rights. Some methods will be considered 'research-use only', others will be recommended for scaling and application in the development of cell-based therapies.
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Sun B, Chen H, Gao X. Versatile modification of the CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein system to facilitate in vivo application. J Control Release 2021; 337:698-717. [PMID: 34364918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems has created a tremendous wave that is sweeping the world of genome editing. The ribonucleoprotein (RNP) method has evolved to be the most advantageous form for in vivo application. Modification of the CRISPR/Cas9 RNP method to adapt delivery through a variety of carriers can either directly improve the stability and specificity of the gene-editing tool in vivo or indirectly endow the system with high gene-editing efficiency that induces few off-target mutations through different delivery methods. The exploration of in vivo applications mediated by various delivery methods lays the foundation for genome research and variety improvements, which is especially promising for better in vivo research in the field of translational biomedicine. In this review, we illustrate the modifiable structures of the Cas9 nuclease and single guide RNA (sgRNA), summarize the latest research progress and discuss the feasibility and advantages of various methods. The highlighted results will enhance our knowledge, stimulate extensive research and application of Cas9 and provide alternatives for the development of rational delivery carriers in multiple fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixi Sun
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hening Chen
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoshu Gao
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China.
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Arango D, Bittar A, Esmeral NP, Ocasión C, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC, Reyes LH, Bloch NI. Understanding the Potential of Genome Editing in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9241. [PMID: 34502143 PMCID: PMC8430539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR is a simple and cost-efficient gene-editing technique that has become increasingly popular over the last decades. Various CRISPR/Cas-based applications have been developed to introduce changes in the genome and alter gene expression in diverse systems and tissues. These novel gene-editing techniques are particularly promising for investigating and treating neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, for which we currently lack efficient disease-modifying treatment options. Gene therapy could thus provide treatment alternatives, revolutionizing our ability to treat this disease. Here, we review our current knowledge on the genetic basis of Parkinson's disease to highlight the main biological pathways that become disrupted in Parkinson's disease and their potential as gene therapy targets. Next, we perform a comprehensive review of novel delivery vehicles available for gene-editing applications, critical for their successful application in both innovative research and potential therapies. Finally, we review the latest developments in CRISPR-based applications and gene therapies to understand and treat Parkinson's disease. We carefully examine their advantages and shortcomings for diverse gene-editing applications in the brain, highlighting promising avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Arango
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Amaury Bittar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Natalia P. Esmeral
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Camila Ocasión
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.O.); (L.H.R.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.O.); (L.H.R.)
| | - Natasha I. Bloch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (D.A.); (A.B.); (N.P.E.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
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Pan X, Pei X, Huang H, Su N, Wu Z, Wu Z, Qi X. One-in-one individual package and delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein using apoferritin. J Control Release 2021; 337:686-697. [PMID: 34389365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
So far, most reported delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 is achieved by internalized or encapsulated multiple ribonucleoprotein units into only one carrier unit, with relatively large size. Here, we report a novel, small-sized, individual package of CRISPR/Cas9, via using tetralysine modified H-chian apoferritin (TL-HFn) as packaging material. In this paper, each CRISPR/Cas9 complex is proved to be successfully installed into one TL-HFn (~26 nm), and delivered into the targeting cell via TfR1-mediated endocytosis. We found that after 6 h of treatment, the CRISPR/Cas9 complex can be tracked within the nuclear of Hela cells for the purpose of gene editing of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Moreover, TL-HFn individually packed CRISPR/Cas9 displayed higher genome editing activity compared with that of free CRISPR/Cas9 treated group both in vitro (up to 28.96%) and in vivo. Such satisfied genome editing efficiency could be attributed to the endosomal escape and pH-induced disassembly abilities given by TL-HFn after uptake into cytoplasm, which had been verified in our previous research. In all, those results prompted that TL-HFn possessed more potential for intracellular delivery of CRISPR/Cas9, with potential biocompatibility, stability and delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Pan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Pei
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Haiqin Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Nan Su
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Ziheng Wu
- Parkville campus, Monash University, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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45
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Ju E, Li T, Ramos da Silva S, Markazi A, Gao SJ. Reversible switching of primary cells between normal and malignant state by oncogenic virus KSHV and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting of a major viral latent protein. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5065-5075. [PMID: 33942339 PMCID: PMC9016784 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a plethora of human diseases. Although antiviral therapies effectively confront the viral spread and infection, how to completely eradicate the viral genome from infected cells remains a challenge. In this study, we demonstrated the reversible switching of primary cells between normal and malignant states by an oncogenic virus Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting of a major viral latent protein. Primary cells can be transformed into malignant status by infection of KSHV, while elimination of the KSHV genome from latent KSHV-infected cells reverses KSHV-transformed primary cells back to a "normal state" by CRISPR/Cas-mediated knockout of viral major latent gene LANA. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated efficient elimination of KSHV episome in KSHV-associated primary effusion lymphoma cells resulting in the induction of apoptosis by liposome-encapsulated CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes (Lipo/Cas9-LANAsgRNA). Our work illustrates CRISPR/Cas as a promising technology for eliminating oncogenic viruses from persistently infected cells by taking advantage of the genetic differences between viral and cellular genomes. Compared to traditional antiviral therapy, our study offer an approach for antagonizing human oncogenic virus-related cancers by directly targeting as well as clearing viral genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enguo Ju
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tingting Li
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzane Ramos da Silva
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley Markazi
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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46
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Li Y, Zhou LQ. dCas9 techniques for transcriptional repression in mammalian cells: Progress, applications and challenges. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100086. [PMID: 34327721 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Innovative loss-of-function techniques developed in recent years have made it much easier to target specific genomic loci at transcriptional levels. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) has been proven to be the most effective and specific tool to knock down any gene of interest in mammalian cells. The catalytically deactivated Cas9 (dCas9) can be fused with transcription repressors to downregulate gene expression specified by sgRNA complementary to target genomic sequence. Although CRISPRi has huge potential for gene knockdown, there is still a lack of systematic guidelines for efficient and widespread use. Here we describe the working mechanism and development of CRISPRi, designing principles of sgRNA, delivery methods and applications in mammalian cells in detail. Finally, we propose possible solutions and future directions with regard to current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Quan Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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47
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Hasanzadeh A, Radmanesh F, Hosseini ES, Hashemzadeh I, Kiani J, Naseri M, Nourizadeh H, Fatahi Y, Azar BKY, Marani BG, Beyzavi A, Mahabadi VP, Karimi M. Synthesis and characterization of vitamin D 3-functionalized carbon dots for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1673-1690. [PMID: 34291668 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a novel nanovector for the delivery of genetic fragments and CRISPR/Cas9 systems in particular. Materials & methods: Vitamin D3-functionalized carbon dots (D/CDs) fabricated using one-step microwave-aided methods were characterized by different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry were employed to determine the cell viability and transfection efficiency. Results: D/CDs transfected CRISPR plasmid in various cell lines with high efficiency while maintaining their remarkable efficacy at high serum concentration and low plasmid doses. They also showed great potential for the green fluorescent protein disruption by delivering two different types of CRISPR/Cas9 systems. Conclusion: Given their high efficiency and safety, D/CDs provide a versatile gene-delivery vector for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hasanzadeh
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Advanced Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Radmanesh
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Elaheh Sadat Hosseini
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Iman Hashemzadeh
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Advanced Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Marzieh Naseri
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Helena Nourizadeh
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran.,Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, 1417755331, Iran
| | - Behjat Kheiri Yeghaneh Azar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Behnaz Golnari Marani
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Advanced Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Ali Beyzavi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Neuroscience research center, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Advanced Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.,Research Center for Science & Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran.,Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1916893813, Iran
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48
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Hasanzadeh A, Radmanesh F, Hosseini ES, Hashemzadeh I, Kiani J, Nourizadeh H, Naseri M, Fatahi Y, Chegini F, Madjd Z, Beyzavi A, Kowalski PS, Karimi M. Highly Photoluminescent Nitrogen- and Zinc-Doped Carbon Dots for Efficient Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 and mRNA. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1875-1887. [PMID: 34278778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Safe and efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 systems is still a challenge. Here we report the development of fluorescent nitrogen- and zinc-doped carbon dots (N-Zn-doped CDs) using one-step microwave-aided pyrolysis based on citric acid, branched PEI25k, and different zinc salts. These versatile nanovectors with a quantum yield of around 60% could not only transfect large CRISPR plasmids (∼9 kb) with higher efficiency (80%) compared to PEI25k and lipofectamine 2000 (Lipo 2K), but they also delivered mRNA into HEK 293T cells with the efficiency 20 times greater than and equal to that of PEI25k and Lipo 2K, respectively. Unlike PEI25k, N-Zn-doped CDs exhibited good transfection efficiency even at low plasmid doses and in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Moreover, these nanovectors demonstrated excellent efficiency in GFP gene disruption by transferring plasmid encoding Cas9 and sgRNA targeting GFP as well as Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoproteins into HEK 293T-GFP cells. Hence, N-Zn-doped CDs with remarkable photoluminescence properties and high transfection efficiency in the delivery of both CRISPR complexes and mRNA provide a promising platform for developing safe, efficient, and traceable delivery systems for biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hasanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Radmanesh
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran.,Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Elaheh Sadat Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Iman Hashemzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Helena Nourizadeh
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Marzieh Naseri
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1417755331, Iran
| | - Fateme Chegini
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Ali Beyzavi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Piotr S Kowalski
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran.,Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran.,Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran
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49
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Hassanzadeh P. The significance of bioengineered nanoplatforms against SARS-CoV-2: From detection to genome editing. Life Sci 2021; 274:119289. [PMID: 33676931 PMCID: PMC7930743 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak can impose serious negative impacts on the infrastructures of societies including the healthcare systems. Despite the increasing research efforts, false positive or negative results that may be associated with serologic or even RT-PCR tests, inappropriate or variable immune response, and high rates of mutations in coronavirus may negatively affect virus detection process and effectiveness of the vaccines or drugs in development. Nanotechnology-based research attempts via developing state-of-the-art techniques such as nanomechatronics ones and advanced materials including the sensors for detecting the pathogen loads at very low concentrations or site-specific delivery of therapeutics, and real-time protections against the pandemic outbreaks by nanorobots can provide outstanding biomedical breakthroughs. Considering the unique characteristics of pathogens particularly the newly-emerged ones and avoiding the exaggerated optimism or simplistic views on the prophylactic and therapeutic approaches including the one-size-fits-all ones or presenting multiple medications that may be associated with synergistic toxicities rather than enhanced efficiencies might pave the way towards the development of more appropriate treatment strategies with reduced safety concerns. This paper highlights the significance of nanoplatforms against the viral disorders and their capabilities of genome editing that may facilitate taking more appropriate measures against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Hassanzadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran.
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50
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Cai W, Luo T, Mao L, Wang M. Spatiotemporal Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Machinery Using Stimuli‐Responsive Vehicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) No. 2, North first street Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 (A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District China
| | - Tianli Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) No. 2, North first street Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 (A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) No. 2, North first street Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 (A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) No. 2, North first street Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 (A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District China
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