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Dan Y, Gurevich D, Gershoni O, Netti F, Adler-Abramovich L, Afriat-Jurnou L. Coupling Peptide-Based Encapsulation of Enzymes with Bacteria for Paraoxon Bioremediation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35155-35165. [PMID: 38920304 PMCID: PMC11247427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic efficiency of enzymes can be harnessed as an environmentally friendly solution for decontaminating various xenobiotics and toxins. However, for some xenobiotics, several enzymatic steps are needed to obtain nontoxic products. Another challenge is the low durability and stability of many native enzymes in their purified form. Herein, we coupled peptide-based encapsulation of bacterial phosphotriesterase with soil-originated bacteria, Arthrobacter sp. 4Hβ as an efficient system capable of biodegradation of paraoxon, a neurotoxin pesticide. Specifically, recombinantly expressed and purified methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH), with high hydrolytic activity toward paraoxon, was encapsulated within peptide nanofibrils, resulting in increased shelf life and retaining ∼50% activity after 132 days since purification. Next, the addition of Arthrobacter sp. 4Hβ, capable of degrading para-nitrophenol (PNP), the hydrolysis product of paraoxon, which is still toxic, resulted in nondetectable levels of PNP. These results present an efficient one-pot system that can be further developed as an environmentally friendly solution, coupling purified enzymes and native bacteria, for pesticide bioremediation. We further suggest that this system can be tailored for different xenobiotics by encapsulating the rate-limiting key enzymes followed by their combination with environmental bacteria that can use the enzymatic step products for full degradation without the need to engineer synthetic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Dan
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - David Gurevich
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Ofir Gershoni
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
| | - Francesca Netti
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lihi Adler-Abramovich
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Livnat Afriat-Jurnou
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- The Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
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2
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Karchilakis G, Varlas S, Johnson EC, Norvilaite O, Farmer MAH, Sanderson G, Leggett GJ, Armes SP. Capturing Enzyme-Loaded Diblock Copolymer Vesicles Using an Aldehyde-Functionalized Hydrophilic Polymer Brush. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14086-14098. [PMID: 38934738 PMCID: PMC11238591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Compared to lipids, block copolymer vesicles are potentially robust nanocontainers for enzymes owing to their enhanced chemical stability, particularly in challenging environments. Herein we report that cis-diol-functional diblock copolymer vesicles can be chemically adsorbed onto a hydrophilic aldehyde-functional polymer brush via acetal bond formation under mild conditions (pH 5.5, 20 °C). Quartz crystal microbalance studies indicated an adsorbed amount, Γ, of 158 mg m-2 for vesicle adsorption onto such brushes, whereas negligible adsorption (Γ = 0.1 mg m-2) was observed for a control experiment conducted using a cis-diol-functionalized brush. Scanning electron microscopy and ellipsometry studies indicated a mean surface coverage of around 30% at the brush surface, which suggests reasonably efficient chemical adsorption. Importantly, such vesicles can be conveniently loaded with a model enzyme (horseradish peroxidase, HRP) using an aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly formulation. Moreover, the immobilized vesicles remained permeable toward small molecules while retaining their enzyme payload. The enzymatic activity of such HRP-loaded vesicles was demonstrated using a well-established colorimetric assay. In principle, this efficient vesicle-on-brush strategy can be applied to a wide range of enzymes and functional proteins for the design of next-generation immobilized nanoreactors for enzyme-mediated catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Karchilakis
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Spyridon Varlas
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Edwin C. Johnson
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Oleta Norvilaite
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Matthew A. H. Farmer
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - George Sanderson
- GEO
Specialty Chemicals, Hythe, Southampton, Hampshire SO45 3ZG, U.K.
| | - Graham J. Leggett
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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3
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Effenberg C, Gaitzsch J. Stretched or wrinkled? Looking into the polymer conformation within polymersome membranes. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4127-4135. [PMID: 38726767 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00239c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of amphiphilic block-copolymers into polymersomes is a well-established concept. In this membrane, the hydrophilic part is considered to be loosely assembled towards the solvent, and the hydrophobic part on the inside of the membrane is considered to be more densely packed. Within the membrane, this hydrophobic part could now have a stretched conformation or be a random coil, depending on the available space and also on the chemical nature of the polymer. We now analysed the literature for works on polymersomes that determined the membrane thickness via cryo-TEM and analysed the hydrophobic part of their polymers for their conformation. Over all available block-copolymers, a variety of trends became obvious: the longer a hydrophobic block, the more coiled the conformation and the bulkier the side chains, the more stretched the polymer became. Polymers with less conformational freedom like semi-crystalline ones were present in a more stretched conformation. Both trends could be exemplified on various occasions in this cross-literature meta-study. This overview hence provides additional insight into the physical chemistry of block-copolymer membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Germany.
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4
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Belluati A, Jimaja S, Chadwick RJ, Glynn C, Chami M, Happel D, Guo C, Kolmar H, Bruns N. Artificial cell synthesis using biocatalytic polymerization-induced self-assembly. Nat Chem 2024; 16:564-574. [PMID: 38049652 PMCID: PMC10997521 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Artificial cells are biomimetic microstructures that mimic functions of natural cells, can be applied as building blocks for molecular systems engineering, and host synthetic biology pathways. Here we report enzymatically synthesized polymer-based artificial cells with the ability to express proteins. Artificial cells were synthesized using biocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization-induced self-assembly, in which myoglobin synthesizes amphiphilic block co-polymers that self-assemble into structures such as micelles, worm-like micelles, polymersomes and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The GUVs encapsulate cargo during the polymerization, including enzymes, nanoparticles, microparticles, plasmids and cell lysate. The resulting artificial cells act as microreactors for enzymatic reactions and for osteoblast-inspired biomineralization. Moreover, they can express proteins such as a fluorescent protein and actin when fed with amino acids. Actin polymerizes in the vesicles and alters the artificial cells' internal structure by creating internal compartments. Thus, biocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization-induced self-assembly-derived GUVs can mimic bacteria as they are composed of a microscopic reaction compartment that contains genetic information for protein expression upon induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Belluati
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, UK.
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Sètuhn Jimaja
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Robert J Chadwick
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher Glynn
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Dominic Happel
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, UK
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, UK.
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Sinsinbar G, Bindra AK, Liu S, Chia TW, Yoong Eng EC, Loo SY, Lam JH, Schultheis K, Nallani M. Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Nanostructures as a Tunable Delivery Platform: Perspective and Framework for the Future Drug Product Development. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:541-563. [PMID: 38240244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Nanoformulation of active payloads or pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has always been an area of interest to achieve targeted, sustained, and efficacious delivery. Various delivery platforms have been explored, but loading and delivery of APIs have been challenging because of the chemical and structural properties of these molecules. Polymersomes made from amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCPs) have shown enormous promise as a tunable API delivery platform and confer multifold advantages over lipid-based systems. For example, a COVID booster vaccine comprising polymersomes encapsulating spike protein (ACM-001) has recently completed a Phase I clinical trial and provides a case for developing safe drug products based on ABCP delivery platforms. However, several limitations need to be resolved before they can reach their full potential. In this Perspective, we would like to highlight such aspects requiring further development for translating an ABCP-based delivery platform from a proof of concept to a viable commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sinsinbar
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Anivind Kaur Bindra
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Shaoqiong Liu
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Teck Wan Chia
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Eunice Chia Yoong Eng
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Ser Yue Loo
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Jian Hang Lam
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Katherine Schultheis
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Madhavan Nallani
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
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6
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Kayani A, Raza A, Si J, Dutta D, Zhou Q, Ge Z. Polymersome Membrane Engineering with Active Targeting or Controlled Permeability for Responsive Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4622-4645. [PMID: 37870458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Polymersomes have been extensively investigated for drug delivery as nanocarriers for two decades due to a series of advantages including high stability under physiological conditions, simultaneous encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs inside inner cavities and membranes, respectively, and facile adjustment of membrane and surface properties, as well as controlled drug release through incorporation of stimuli-responsive components. Despite these features, polymersome nanocarriers frequently suffer from nontargeting delivery and poor membrane permeability. In recent years, polymersomes have been functionalized for more efficient drug delivery. The surface shells were explored to be modified with diverse active targeting groups to improve disease-targeting delivery. The membrane permeability of the polymersomes was adjusted by incorporation of the stimuli-responsive components for smart controlled transportation of the encapsulated drugs. Therefore, being the polymersome-biointerface, tailorable properties can be introduced by its carefully modulated engineering. This review elaborates on the role of polymersome membranes as a platform to incorporate versatile features. First, we discuss how surface functionalization facilitates the directional journey to the targeting sites toward specific diseases, cells, or intracellular organelles via active targeting. Moreover, recent advances in the past decade related to membrane permeability to control drug release are also summarized. We finally discuss future development to promote polymersomes as in vivo drug delivery nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Kayani
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Arsalan Raza
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jiale Si
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Debabrata Dutta
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinghao Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Phan H, Cavanagh R, Jacob P, Destouches D, Vacherot F, Brugnoli B, Howdle S, Taresco V, Couturaud B. Synthesis of Multifunctional Polymersomes Prepared by Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3070. [PMID: 37514459 PMCID: PMC10383388 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymersomes are an exciting modality for drug delivery due to their structural similarity to biological cells and their ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. In this regard, the current work aimed to develop multifunctional polymersomes, integrating dye (with hydrophobic Nile red and hydrophilic sulfo-cyanine5-NHS ester as model drugs) encapsulation, stimulus responsiveness, and surface-ligand modifications. Polymersomes constituting poly(N-2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide)-b-poly(N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)acrylamide) (PHPMAm-b-PMTEAM) are prepared by aqueous dispersion RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). The hydrophilic block lengths have an effect on the obtained morphologies, with short chain P(HPMAm)16 affording spheres and long chain P(HPMAm)43 yielding vesicles. This further induces different responses to H2O2, with spheres fragmenting and vesicles aggregating. Folic acid (FA) is successfully conjugated to the P(HPMAm)43, which self-assembles into FA-functionalized P(HPMAm)43-b-P(MTEAM)300 polymersomes. The FA-functionalized P(HPMAm)43-b-P(MTEAM)300 polymersomes entrap both hydrophobic Nile red (NR) and hydrophilic Cy5 dye. The NR-loaded FA-linked polymersomes exhibit a controlled release of the encapsulated NR dye when exposed to 10 mM H2O2. All the polymersomes formed are stable in human plasma and well-tolerated in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These preliminary results demonstrate that, with simple and scalable chemistry, PISA offers access to different shapes and opens up the possibility of the one-pot synthesis of multicompartmental and responsive polymersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Phan
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), CNRS, University Paris Est Créteil, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Robert Cavanagh
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philippa Jacob
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | - Benedetta Brugnoli
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Steve Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Benoit Couturaud
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), CNRS, University Paris Est Créteil, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
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8
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Qiu L, Han X, Xing C, Glebe U. Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly: An Emerging Tool for Generating Polymer-Based Biohybrid Nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207457. [PMID: 36737834 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The combination of biomolecules and synthetic polymers provides an easy access to utilize advantages from both the synthetic world and nature. This is not only important for the development of novel innovative materials, but also promotes the application of biomolecules in various fields including medicine, catalysis, and water treatment, etc. Due to the rapid progress in synthesis strategies for polymer nanomaterials and deepened understanding of biomolecules' structures and functions, the construction of advanced polymer-based biohybrid nanostructures (PBBNs) becomes prospective and attainable. Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA), as an efficient and versatile technique in obtaining polymeric nano-objects at high concentrations, has demonstrated to be an attractive alternative to existing self-assembly procedures. Those advantages induce the focus on the fabrication of PBBNs via the PISA technique. In this review, current preparation strategies are illustrated based on the PISA technique for achieving various PBBNs, including grafting-from and grafting-through methods, as well as encapsulation of biomolecules during and subsequent to the PISA process. Finally, advantages and drawbacks are discussed in the fabrication of PBBNs via the PISA technique and obstacles are identified that need to be overcome to enable commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Han
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Chengfen Xing
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Ulrich Glebe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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9
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Zhao X, Sun C, Xiong F, Wang T, Li S, Huo F, Yao X. Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly for Efficient Fabrication of Biomedical Nanoplatforms. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0113. [PMID: 37223484 PMCID: PMC10202185 DOI: 10.34133/research.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic copolymers can self-assemble into nano-objects in aqueous solution. However, the self-assembly process is usually performed in a diluted solution (<1 wt%), which greatly limits scale-up production and further biomedical applications. With recent development of controlled polymerization techniques, polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has emerged as an efficient approach for facile fabrication of nano-sized structures with a high concentration as high as 50 wt%. In this review, after the introduction, various polymerization method-mediated PISAs that include nitroxide-mediated polymerization-mediated PISA (NMP-PISA), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization-mediated PISA (RAFT-PISA), atom transfer radical polymerization-mediated PISA (ATRP-PISA), and ring-opening polymerization-mediated PISA (ROP-PISA) are discussed carefully. Afterward, recent biomedical applications of PISA are illustrated from the following aspects, i.e., bioimaging, disease treatment, biocatalysis, and antimicrobial. In the end, current achievements and future perspectives of PISA are given. It is envisioned that PISA strategy can bring great chance for future design and construction of functional nano-vehicles.
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10
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Increased Enzyme Loading in PICsomes via Controlling Membrane Permeability Improves Enzyme Prodrug Cancer Therapy Outcome. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061368. [PMID: 36987149 PMCID: PMC10057300 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoscopic-sized polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes) with semi-permeable membranes are promising nanoreactors for enzyme prodrug therapy (EPT), mainly due to their ability to accommodate enzymes in their inner cavity. Increased loading efficacy and retained activity of enzymes in PICsomes are crucial for their practical application. Herein, a novel preparation method for enzyme-loaded PICsomes, the stepwise crosslinking (SWCL) method, was developed to achieve both high feed-to-loading enzyme efficiency and high enzymatic activity under in vivo conditions. Cytosine deaminase (CD), which catalyzes the conversion of the 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) prodrug to cytotoxic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), was loaded into PICsomes. The SWCL strategy enabled a substantial increase in CD encapsulation efficiency, up to ~44% of the feeding amount. CD-loaded PICsomes (CD@PICsomes) showed prolonged blood circulation to achieve appreciable tumor accumulation via enhanced permeability and retention effect. The combination of CD@PICsomes and 5-FC produced superior antitumor activity in a subcutaneous model of C26 murine colon adenocarcinoma, even at a lower dose than systemic 5-FU treatment, and showed significantly reduced adverse effects. These results reveal the feasibility of PICsome-based EPT as a novel, highly efficient, and safe cancer treatment modality.
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11
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In situ encapsulation of biologically active ingredients into polymer particles by polymerization in dispersed media. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Ikkene D, Six JL, Ferji K. Progress in Aqueous Dispersion RAFT PISA. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Abild Meyer C, De Dios Andres P, Brodszkij E, Westensee IN, Lyons J, Vaz SH, Städler B. Astrocytes in Paper Chips and Their Interaction with Hybrid Vesicles. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200209. [PMID: 36328791 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The role of astrocytes in brain function has received increased attention lately due to their critical role in brain development and function under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, the biological evaluation of soft material nanoparticles in astrocytes remains unexplored. Here, the interaction of crosslinked hybrid vesicles (HVs) and either C8-D1A astrocytes or primary astrocytes cultured in polystyrene tissue culture or floatable paper-based chips is investigated. The amphiphilic block copolymer poly(cholesteryl methacrylate)-block-poly(2-carboxyethyl acrylate) (P1) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine lipids are used for the assembly of HVs with crosslinked membranes. The assemblies show no short-term toxicity towards the C8-D1A astrocytes and the primary astrocytes, and both cell types internalize the HVs when cultured in 2D cell culture. Further, it is demonstrated that both the C8-D1A astrocytes and the primary astrocytes could mature in paper-based chips with preserved calcium signaling and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. Last, it is confirmed that both types of astrocytes could internalize the HVs when cultured in paper-based chips. These findings lay out a fundamental understanding of the interaction between soft material nanoparticles and astrocytes, even when primary astrocytes are cultured in paper-based chips offering a 3D environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Abild Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paula De Dios Andres
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Edit Brodszkij
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Isabella N Westensee
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joseph Lyons
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Strategies for preparing hybrid nanomaterials via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Ikkene D, Arteni AA, Boulogne C, Six JL, Ferji K. Multicompartment Vesicles: A Key Intermediate Structure in Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly of Graft Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Djallal Ikkene
- CNRS, LCPM, F-54000, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy 54001, France
| | - Ana Andreea Arteni
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS CRYOEM-Gif, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Claire Boulogne
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS CRYOEM-Gif, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Jean-Luc Six
- CNRS, LCPM, F-54000, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy 54001, France
| | - Khalid Ferji
- CNRS, LCPM, F-54000, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy 54001, France
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16
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Korpidou M, Maffeis V, Dinu IA, Schoenenberger CA, Meier WP, Palivan CG. Inverting glucuronidation of hymecromone in situ by catalytic nanocompartments. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3916-3926. [PMID: 35485215 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronidation is a metabolic pathway that inactivates many drugs including hymecromone. Adverse effects of glucuronide metabolites include a reduction of half-life circulation times and rapid elimination from the body. Herein, we developed synthetic catalytic nanocompartments able to cleave the glucuronide moiety from the metabolized form of hymecromone in order to convert it to the active drug. By shielding enzymes from their surroundings, catalytic nanocompartments favor prolonged activity and lower immunogenicity as key aspects to improve the therapeutic solution. The catalytic nanocompartments (CNCs) consist of self-assembled poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) diblock copolymer polymersomes encapsulating β-glucuronidase. Insertion of melittin in the synthetic membrane of these polymersomes provided pores for the diffusion of the hydrophilic hymecromone-glucuronide conjugate to the compartment inside where the encapsulated β-glucuronidase catalyzed its conversion to hymecromone. Our system successfully produced hymecromone from its glucuronide conjugate in both phosphate buffered solution and cell culture medium. CNCs were non-cytotoxic when incubated with HepG2 cells. After being taken up by cells, CNCs produced the drug in situ over 24 hours. Such catalytic platforms, which locally revert a drug metabolite into its active form, open new avenues in the design of therapeutics that aim at prolonging the residence time of a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Korpidou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Viviana Maffeis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ionel Adrian Dinu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cora-Ann Schoenenberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang P Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058, Basel, Switzerland. .,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Zhang J, Jiang J, Lin S, Cornel EJ, Li C, Du J. Polymersomes: from macromolecular self‐assembly to particle assembly. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University 4800 Caoan Road Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Jinhui Jiang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University 4800 Caoan Road Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Sha Lin
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University 4800 Caoan Road Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Erik Jan Cornel
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University 4800 Caoan Road Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University 4800 Caoan Road Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University 4800 Caoan Road Shanghai 201804 China
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University Shanghai 200434 China
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18
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Wan J, Fan B, Thang SH. RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (RAFT-PISA): current status and future directions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4192-4224. [PMID: 35509470 PMCID: PMC9006902 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00762b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) combines polymerization and self-assembly in a single step with distinct efficiency that has set it apart from the conventional solution self-assembly processes. PISA holds great promise for large-scale production, not only because of its efficient process for producing nano/micro-particles with high solid content, but also thanks to the facile control over the particle size and morphology. Since its invention, many research groups around the world have developed new and creative approaches to broaden the scope of PISA initiations, morphologies and applications, etc. The growing interest in PISA is certainly reflected in the increasing number of publications over the past few years, and in this review, we aim to summarize these recent advances in the emerging aspects of RAFT-mediated PISA. These include (1) non-thermal initiation processes, such as photo-, enzyme-, redox- and ultrasound-initiation; the achievements of (2) high-order structures, (3) hybrid materials and (4) stimuli-responsive nano-objects by design and adopting new monomers and new processes; (5) the efforts in the realization of upscale production by utilization of high throughput technologies, and finally the (6) applications of current PISA nano-objects in different fields and (7) its future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wan
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Bo Fan
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - San H Thang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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19
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Shajhutdinova Z, Pashirova T, Masson P. Kinetic Processes in Enzymatic Nanoreactors for In Vivo Detoxification. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040784. [PMID: 35453533 PMCID: PMC9025091 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic nanoreactors are enzyme-encapsulated nanobodies that are capable of performing biosynthetic or catabolic reactions. For this paper, we focused on therapeutic enzyme nanoreactors for the neutralization of toxicants, paying special attention to the inactivation of organophosphorus compounds (OP). Therapeutic enzymes that are capable of detoxifying OPs are known as bioscavengers. The encapsulation of injectable bioscavengers by nanoparticles was first used to prevent fast clearance and the immune response to heterologous enzymes. The aim of enzyme nanoreactors is also to provide a high concentration of the reactive enzyme in stable nanocontainers. Under these conditions, the detoxification reaction takes place inside the compartment, where the enzyme concentration is much higher than in the toxicant diffusing across the nanoreactor membrane. Thus, the determination of the concentration of the encapsulated enzyme is an important issue in nanoreactor biotechnology. The implications of second-order reaction conditions, the nanoreactor’s permeability in terms of substrates, and the reaction products and their possible osmotic, viscosity, and crowding effects are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zukhra Shajhutdinova
- Biochemical Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Pashirova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Patrick Masson
- Biochemical Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (PISA) for in situ drug encapsulation or drug conjugation in cancer application. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 618:173-184. [PMID: 35338924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS We describe the possibility of using the same block copolymer carriers prepared by PISA for in situ drug encapsulation or drug conjugation. EXPERIMENTS Block copolymers containing poly((ethylene glycol) methacrylate)-co-poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate)-b-poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (P((PEGMA-co-PFBMA)-b-PHPMA)) were synthesized at 10 wt% using PISA. The first approach involved in situ Doxorubicin (DOX) loading during PISA, while the second exhibited surface functionalization of PISA-made vesicles with dual drug therapies, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and DOX using para-fluoro-thiol reaction (PFTR) and carbodiimide chemistry, respectively. Cytotoxicity, cell uptake, and cell apoptosis were assessed on MDA-MB-231 cell lines. FINDINGS P((PEGMA-co-PFBMA)-b-PHPMA) nanocarriers were prepared, showing size and shape transformations from spheres, cylinders to raspberry-forming vesicles. DOX was readily loaded into NPs during PISA with relatively high encapsulation efficiency of 70 %, whereas the plain PISA-made vesicles could be functionalized with NAC and DOX at high yields. DOX-free NPs showed biocompatibility, whilst DOX-conjugated NPs imparted a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, as well as an enhanced cell uptake compared to free DOX. The results demonstrated that the same PISA-derived self-assemblies enabled either in situ drug encapsulation, or post-polymerization surface engineering with useful functionalities upon tuning the macro-CTA block, thus holding promises for future drug delivery and biomedical applications.
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21
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Hernández Becerra E, Quinchia J, Castro C, Orozco J. Light-Triggered Polymersome-Based Anticancer Therapeutics Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:836. [PMID: 35269324 PMCID: PMC8912464 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymersomes are biomimetic cell membrane-like model structures that are self-assembled stepwise from amphiphilic copolymers. These polymeric (nano)carriers have gained the scientific community's attention due to their biocompatibility, versatility, and higher stability than liposomes. Their tunable properties, such as composition, size, shape, and surface functional groups, extend encapsulation possibilities to either hydrophilic or hydrophobic cargoes (or both) and their site-specific delivery. Besides, polymersomes can disassemble in response to different stimuli, including light, for controlling the "on-demand" release of cargo that may also respond to light as photosensitizers and plasmonic nanostructures. Thus, polymersomes can be spatiotemporally stimulated by light of a wide wavelength range, whose exogenous response may activate light-stimulable moieties, enhance the drug efficacy, decrease side effects, and, thus, be broadly employed in photoinduced therapy. This review describes current light-responsive polymersomes evaluated for anticancer therapy. It includes light-activable moieties' features and polymersomes' composition and release behavior, focusing on recent advances and applications in cancer therapy, current trends, and photosensitive polymersomes' perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Hernández Becerra
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (E.H.B.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jennifer Quinchia
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (E.H.B.); (J.Q.)
| | - Cristina Castro
- Engineering School, Pontificia Bolivariana University, Bloque 11, Cq. 1 No. 70-01, Medellín 050004, Colombia;
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (E.H.B.); (J.Q.)
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22
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Zhang Q, Wang R, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan J. Block Copolymer Vesicles with Tunable Membrane Thicknesses and Compositions Prepared by Aqueous Seeded Photoinitiated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly at Room Temperature. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2699-2710. [PMID: 35176211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer vesicles with diverse functionalities and intrinsic hollow structures have received considerable attention due to their broad applications in biomedical fields, including drug delivery, bioimaging, theranostics, gene therapy, etc. However, efficient preparation of block copolymer vesicles with tunable membrane thicknesses and compositions under mild conditions is still a challenge. Herein, we report an aqueous seeded photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly (photo-PISA) for the precise preparation of block copolymer vesicles at room temperature. By changing the total degree of polymerization (DP) of the hydrophobic block in seeded photo-PISA, one can easily tune the membrane thickness without compromising the morphology of vesicles. Moreover, by adding different comonomers such as hydrophobic monomers, hydrophilic monomers, and cross-linkers into seeded photo-PISA, vesicles with different compositions could be prepared without compromising the morphology and colloidal stability. Polymerization kinetics show that seeded photo-PISA can skip the step of in situ self-assembly with a short homogeneous polymerization stage being observed. To demonstrate potential biological applications, enzymatic nanoreactors were constructed by loading horseradish peroxidase (HRP) inside vesicles via seeded photo-PISA. The enzymatic properties of these nanoreactors could be easily regulated by changing the membrane thickness and hydrophobicity. It is expected that this method can provide a facile platform for the precise preparation of block copolymer vesicles that may find applications in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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23
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Chen S, Cornel EJ, Du JZ. Controlling Membrane Phase Separation of Polymersomes for Programmed Drug Release. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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24
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Cumming J, Deane OJ, Armes SP. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization of 4-Hydroxybutyl Acrylate Produces Highly Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymer Nano-Objects. Macromolecules 2022; 55:788-798. [PMID: 35431331 PMCID: PMC9007527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) using a poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) precursor is an important prototypical example of polymerization-induced self-assembly. 4-Hydroxybutyl acrylate (HBA) is a structural isomer of HPMA, but the former monomer exhibits appreciably higher aqueous solubility. For the two corresponding homopolymers, PHBA is more weakly hydrophobic than PHPMA. Moreover, PHBA has a significantly lower glass transition temperature (T g) so it exhibits much higher chain mobility than PHPMA at around ambient temperature. In view of these striking differences, we have examined the RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of HBA using a PGMA precursor with the aim of producing a series of PGMA57-300-PHBA100-1580 diblock copolymer nano-objects by systematic variation of the mean degree of polymerization of each block. A pseudo-phase diagram is constructed using transmission electron microscopy to assign the copolymer morphology after employing glutaraldehyde to cross-link the PHBA chains and hence prevent film formation during grid preparation. The thermoresponsive character of the as-synthesized linear nano-objects is explored using dynamic light scattering and temperature-dependent rheological measurements. Comparison with the analogous PGMA x -PHPMA y formulation is made where appropriate. In particular, we demonstrate that replacing the structure-directing PHPMA block with PHBA leads to significantly greater thermoresponsive behavior over a much wider range of diblock copolymer compositions. Given that PGMA-PHPMA worm gels can induce stasis in human stem cells (see Canton et al., ACS Central Science, 2016, 2, 65-74), our findings are likely to have implications for the design of next-generation PGMA-PHBA worm gels for cell biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana
M. Cumming
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Oliver J. Deane
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
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25
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Kitayama Y, Harada A. Carboxy-Functionalized pH Responsive Capsule Polymer Particles Fabricated by Particulate Interfacial Photocrosslinking. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7570-7580. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
pH-responsive capsule particles show promise for various applications, such as self-healing materials, micro/nanoreactors, and drug delivery systems. Herein, carboxy-functionalized capsule polymer particles possessing neutral-alkali pH responsive controlled release capability were...
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26
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Varlas S, Neal TJ, Armes SP. Polymerization-induced self-assembly and disassembly during the synthesis of thermoresponsive ABC triblock copolymer nano-objects in aqueous solution. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7295-7303. [PMID: 35799807 PMCID: PMC9214878 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01611g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has been widely utilized as a powerful methodology for the preparation of various self-assembled AB diblock copolymer nano-objects in aqueous media. Moreover, it is well-documented that chain extension of AB diblock copolymer vesicles using a range of hydrophobic monomers via seeded RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization produces framboidal ABC triblock copolymer vesicles with adjustable surface roughness owing to microphase separation between the two enthalpically incompatible hydrophobic blocks located within their membranes. However, the utilization of hydrophilic monomers for the chain extension of linear diblock copolymer vesicles has yet to be thoroughly explored; this omission is addressed for aqueous PISA formulations in the present study. Herein poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (G-H) vesicles were used as seeds for the RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA). Interestingly, this led to polymerization-induced disassembly (PIDA), with the initial precursor vesicles being converted into lower-order worms or spheres depending on the target mean degree of polymerization (DP) for the corona-forming POEGMA block. Moreover, construction of a pseudo-phase diagram revealed an unexpected copolymer concentration dependence for this PIDA formulation. Previously, we reported that PHPMA-based diblock copolymer nano-objects only exhibit thermoresponsive behavior over a relatively narrow range of compositions and DPs (see Warren et al., Macromolecules, 2018, 51, 8357–8371). However, introduction of the POEGMA coronal block produced thermoresponsive ABC triblock nano-objects even when the precursor G-H diblock copolymer vesicles proved to be thermally unresponsive. Thus, this new approach is expected to enable the rational design of new nano-objects with tunable composition, copolymer architectures and stimulus-responsive behavior. Chain extension of linear AB diblock copolymer vesicles by seeded RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization using a hydrophilic monomer C leads to polymerization-induced disassembly to form lower-order thermoresponsive ABC triblock copolymer nano-objects.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Varlas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
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27
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Jia S, Zhang L, Chen Y, Tan J. Polymers with multiple functions: α,ω-macromolecular photoinitiators/chain transfer agents used in aqueous photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00606e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of α,ω-functionalized polymers with a photoinitiator end group and a RAFT end group were synthesized and employed as macromolecular photoinitiators/chain transfer agents in aqueous photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jia
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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28
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Biocatalytic self-assembled synthetic vesicles and coacervates: From single compartment to artificial cells. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 299:102566. [PMID: 34864354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Compartmentalization is an intrinsic feature of living cells that allows spatiotemporal control over the biochemical pathways expressed in them. Over the years, a library of compartmentalized systems has been generated, which includes nano to micrometer sized biomimetic vesicles derived from lipids, amphiphilic block copolymers, peptides, and nanoparticles. Biocatalytic vesicles have been developed using a simple bag containing enzyme design of liposomes to multienzymes immobilized multi-vesicular compartments for artificial cell generation. Additionally, enzymes were also entrapped in membrane-less coacervate droplets to mimic the cytoplasmic macromolecular crowding mechanisms. Here, we have discussed different types of single and multicompartment systems, emphasizing their recent developments as biocatalytic self-assembled structures using recent examples. Importantly, we have summarized the strategies in the development of the self-assembled structure to improvise their adaptivity and flexibility for enzyme immobilization. Finally, we have presented the use of biocatalytic assemblies in mimicking different aspects of living cells, which further carves the path for the engineering of a minimal cell.
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29
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Niu B, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan J. Organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials prepared via polymerization-induced self-assembly: recent developments and future opportunities. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00180b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent developments in the preparation of organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials via polymerization-induced self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Niu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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30
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Luo X, Zhang K, Zeng R, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan J. Segmented Copolymers Synthesized by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization Using an Asymmetric Difunctional RAFT Agent and the Utilization in RAFT-Mediated Dispersion Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Luo
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kunlun Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruiming Zeng
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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31
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Sengupta S, Ray PG, Dhara S, Bandyopadhyay A. Hyperbranched Copolymers Forming Polymersome-like Structures Used for Encapsulation and Controlled Release of α-Tocopherol Succinate (TOS): Drug Transport Modeling. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8236-8247. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srijoni Sengupta
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Preetam Guha Ray
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Abhijit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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32
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Sobotta FH, Kuchenbrod MT, Gruschwitz FV, Festag G, Bellstedt P, Hoeppener S, Brendel JC. Tuneable Time Delay in the Burst Release from Oxidation-Sensitive Polymersomes Made by PISA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24716-24723. [PMID: 34542227 PMCID: PMC8596869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive polymersomes represent a versatile artificial cargo carrier system that can facilitate an immediate release in response to a specific stimulus. The herein presented oxidation-sensitive polymersomes feature a time-delayed release mechanism in an oxidative environment, which can be precisely adjusted by either tuning the membrane thickness or partial pre-oxidation. These polymeric vesicles are conveniently prepared by PISA allowing the straightforward and effective in situ encapsulation of cargo molecules, as shown for dyes and enzymes. Kinetic studies revealed a critical degree of oxidation causing the destabilization of the membrane, while no release of the cargo is observed beforehand. The encapsulation of glucose oxidase directly transforms these polymersomes into glucose-sensitive vesicles, as small molecules including sugars can passively penetrate their membrane. Considering the ease of preparation, these polymersomes represent a versatile platform for the confinement and burst release of cargo molecules after a precisely adjustable time span in the presence of specific triggers, such as H2 O2 or glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian H. Sobotta
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Maren T. Kuchenbrod
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Franka V. Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Grit Festag
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany), E-mail: J. C. Brendel
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
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33
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Sobotta FH, Kuchenbrod MT, Gruschwitz FV, Festag G, Bellstedt P, Hoeppener S, Brendel JC. Kontrollierbare Zeitverzögerung beim Aufplatzen von oxidationsempfindlichen, mittels PISA synthetisierten Polymersomen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian H. Sobotta
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Maren T. Kuchenbrod
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Franka V. Gruschwitz
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Grit Festag
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie (IOMC) Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Deutschland
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34
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Cao J, Tan Y, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan J. Expanding the Scope of Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly: Recent Advances and New Horizons. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100498. [PMID: 34418199 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade or so, polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has become a versatile method for rational preparation of concentrated block copolymer nanoparticles with a diverse set of morphologies. Much of the PISA literature has focused on the preparation of well-defined linear block copolymers by using linear macromolecular chain transfer agents (macro-CTAs) with high chain transfer constants. In this review, a recent process is highlighted from an unusual angle that has expanded the scope of PISA including i) synthesis of block copolymers with nonlinear architectures (e.g., star block copolymer, branched block copolymer) by PISA, ii) in situ synthesis of blends of polymers by PISA, and iii) utilization of macro-CTAs with low chain transfer constants in PISA. By highlighting these important examples, new insights into the research of PISA and future impact these methods will have on polymer and colloid synthesis are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Cao
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingxin Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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35
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Moreno S, Boye S, Ajeilat HGA, Michen S, Tietze S, Voit B, Lederer A, Temme A, Appelhans D. Multivalent Protein-Loaded pH-Stable Polymersomes: First Step toward Protein Targeted Therapeutics. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100102. [PMID: 34355506 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic platforms for mimicking artificial organelles or for designing multivalent protein therapeutics for targeting cell surface, extracellular matrix, and tissues are in the focus of this study. Furthermore, the availability of a multi-functionalized and stimuli-responsive carrier system is required that can be used for sequential in situ and/or post loading of different proteins combined with post-functionalization steps. Until now, polymersomes exhibit excellent key characteristics to fulfill those requirements, which allow specific transport of proteins and the integration of proteins in different locations of polymeric vesicles. Herein, different approaches to fabricate multivalent protein-loaded, pH-responsive, and pH-stable polymersomes are shown, where a combination of therapeutic action and targeting can be achieved, by first choosing two model proteins such as human serum albumin and avidin. Validation of the molecular parameters of the multivalent biohybrids is performed by dynamic light scattering, cryo-TEM, fluorescence spectroscopy, and asymmetrical flow-field flow fractionation combined with light scattering techniques. To demonstrate targeting functions of protein-loaded polymersomes, avidin post-functionalized polymersomes are used for the molecular recognition of biotinylated cell surface receptors. These versatile protein-loaded polymersomes present new opportunities for designing sophisticated biomolecular nanoobjects in the field of (extracellular matrix) protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moreno
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Susanne Boye
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Michen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tietze
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
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36
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Varlas S, Maitland GL, Derry MJ. Protein-, (Poly)peptide-, and Amino Acid-Based Nanostructures Prepared via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2603. [PMID: 34451144 PMCID: PMC8402019 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides, built from precisely defined amino acid sequences, are an important class of biomolecules that play a vital role in most biological functions. Preparation of nanostructures through functionalization of natural, hydrophilic proteins/peptides with synthetic polymers or upon self-assembly of all-synthetic amphiphilic copolypept(o)ides and amino acid-containing polymers enables access to novel protein-mimicking biomaterials with superior physicochemical properties and immense biorelevant scope. In recent years, polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has been established as an efficient and versatile alternative method to existing self-assembly procedures for the reproducible development of block copolymer nano-objects in situ at high concentrations and, thus, provides an ideal platform for engineering protein-inspired nanomaterials. In this review article, the different strategies employed for direct construction of protein-, (poly)peptide-, and amino acid-based nanostructures via PISA are described with particular focus on the characteristics of the developed block copolymer assemblies, as well as their utilization in various pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Varlas
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Georgia L Maitland
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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37
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Pashirova TN, Bogdanov A, Masson P. Therapeutic nanoreactors for detoxification of xenobiotics: Concepts, challenges and biotechnological trends with special emphasis to organophosphate bioscavenging. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 346:109577. [PMID: 34274336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of enzyme nanoreactors in medicine is relatively new. However, this technology has already been experimentally successful in cancer treatments, struggle against toxicity of reactive oxygen species in inflammatory processes, detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics, and correction of metabolic and genetic defects by using encapsulated enzymes, acting in single or cascade reactions. Biomolecules, e.g. enzymes, antibodies, reactive proteins capable of inactivating toxicants in the body are called bioscavengers. In this review, we focus on enzyme-containing nanoreactors for in vivo detoxification of organophosphorous compounds (OP) to be used for prophylaxis and post-exposure treatment of OP poisoning. A particular attention is devoted to bioscavenger-containing injectable nanoreactors operating in the bloodstream. The nanoreactor concept implements single or multiple enzymes and cofactors co-encapsulated in polymeric semi-permeable nanocontainers. Thus, the detoxification processes take place in a confined space containing highly concentrated bioscavengers. The article deals with historical and theoretical backgrounds about enzymatic detoxification of OPs in nanoreactors, nanoreactor polymeric enveloppes, realizations and advantages over other approaches using bioscavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Pashirova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei Bogdanov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov str., 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Patrick Masson
- Kazan Federal University, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Kremlevskaya str., 18, Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation.
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38
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Okuno Y, Nishimura T, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Thermoresponsive Carbohydrate- b-Polypeptoid Polymer Vesicles with Selective Solute Permeability and Permeable Factors for Solutes. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3099-3106. [PMID: 34165283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solute-permeable polymer vesicles are structural compartments for nanoreactors/nanofactories in the context of drug delivery and artificial cells. We previously proposed design guidelines for polymers that form solute-permeable vesicles, yet we did not provide enough experimental verification. In addition, the fact that there is no clear factor for identifying permeable solutes necessitates extensive trial and error. Herein, we report solute-permeable polymer vesicles based on an amphiphilic copolymer, thermoresponsive oligosaccharide-block-poly(N-n-propylglycine). The introduction of a thermoresponsive polymer as a hydrophobic segment into amphiphilic polymers is a viable approach to construct solute-permeable polymer vesicles. We also demonstrate that the polymer vesicles are preferentially permeable to cationic and neutral fluorophores and are hardly permeable to anionic fluorophores due to the electrostatic repulsion between the bilayer and anionic fluorophores. In addition, the permeability of neutral fluorophores increases with the increasing log P value of the fluorophores. Thus, the electrical charge and log P value are important factors for membrane permeability. These findings will help researchers develop advanced nanoreactors based on permeable vesicles for a broad range of fundamental and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Okuno
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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39
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Georgiou P, Marton HL, Baker AN, Congdon TR, Whale TF, Gibson MI. Polymer Self-Assembly Induced Enhancement of Ice Recrystallization Inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7449-7461. [PMID: 33944551 PMCID: PMC8154521 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ice binding proteins modulate ice nucleation/growth and have huge (bio)technological potential. There are few synthetic materials that reproduce their function, and rational design is challenging due to the outstanding questions about the mechanisms of ice binding, including whether ice binding is essential to reproduce all their macroscopic properties. Here we report that nanoparticles obtained by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) inhibit ice recrystallization (IRI) despite their constituent polymers having no apparent activity. Poly(ethylene glycol), poly(dimethylacrylamide), and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) coronas were all IRI-active when assembled into nanoparticles. Different core-forming blocks were also screened, revealing the core chemistry had no effect. These observations show ice binding domains are not essential for macroscopic IRI activity and suggest that the size, and crowding, of polymers may increase the IRI activity of "non-active" polymers. It was also discovered that poly(vinylpyrrolidone) particles had ice crystal shaping activity, indicating this polymer can engage ice crystal surfaces, even though on its own it does not show any appreciable ice recrystallization inhibition. Larger (vesicle) nanoparticles are shown to have higher ice recrystallization inhibition activity compared to smaller (sphere) particles, whereas ice nucleation activity was not found for any material. This shows that assembly into larger structures can increase IRI activity and that increasing the "size" of an IRI does not always lead to ice nucleation. This nanoparticle approach offers a platform toward ice-controlling soft materials and insight into how IRI activity scales with molecular size of additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis
G. Georgiou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Huba L. Marton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Alexander N. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Thomas R. Congdon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Thomas F. Whale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
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40
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Han S, Wu J, Zhang Y, Lai J, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan J. Utilization of Poor RAFT Control in Heterogeneous RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Han
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junwei Lai
- Guangdong Hvege UV Material Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528445, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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41
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Sokolov AV, Limareva LV, Iliasov PV, Gribkova OV, Sustretov AS. Methods of Encapsulation of Biomacromolecules and Living Cells. Prospects of Using Metal–Organic Frameworks. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8141827 DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021040011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses different methods of encapsulation and biomineralization of macromolecules and living cells. Main advantages and disadvantages of most commonly used carriers, matrices, and materials for immobilization of proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, and living cells are briefly surveyed. Examples of delivery vehicles for multifunctional encapsulation of protein-like substances are presented. Particular attention is paid to prospects of using metal–organic frameworks in medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Sokolov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - L. V. Limareva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - P. V. Iliasov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - O. V. Gribkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - A. S. Sustretov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 443099 Samara, Russia
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42
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Luo X, Zhao S, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan J. Switching between Thermal Initiation and Photoinitiation Redirects RAFT-Mediated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Luo
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanzhi Zhao
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Machtakova M, Han S, Yangazoglu Y, Lieberwirth I, Thérien-Aubin H, Landfester K. Self-sustaining enzyme nanocapsules perform on-site chemical reactions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4051-4059. [PMID: 33592083 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoreactors offer a great platform for the onsite generation of functional products. However, the production of the desired compound is often limited by either the availability of the reagents or their diffusion across the nanoreactor shell. To overcome this issue, we synthesized self-sustaining nanoreactors carrying the required reagents with them. They are composed of active enzymes crosslinked as nanocapsules and the inner core serves as a reservoir for reagents. Upon trigger, the enzymatic shell catalyzes the conversion of the encapsulated payload. This concept was demonstrated by the preparation of nanoreactors loaded with sensing molecules for the detection of glucose in biological media. More importantly, the system introduced here serves as an adaptable platform for biomedical applications, since the nanoreactors display good cellular uptake and high activity within cells. Consequently, they could act as nanofactories for the in situ generation of functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Machtakova
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Shen Han
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Yeliz Yangazoglu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | | | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Huang J, Liu D, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan J. Preparation of Block Copolymer Nano-Objects with Embedded β-Ketoester Functional Groups by Photoinitiated RAFT Dispersion Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000720. [PMID: 33538048 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a photoinitiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of 2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate (AEMA) in ethanol/water at room temperature for in situ preparation of β-ketoester-functionalized block copolymer nano-objects is reported. AEMA is also copolymerized with isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) to improve the colloidal stability of PIBOMA-based block copolymer nano-objects prepared by photoinitiated RAFT dispersion polymerization at low temperatures. A series of P(IBOMA-stat-AEMA)-based block copolymer nano-objects are prepared by changing reaction parameters. Finally, lanthanide-doped block copolymer nano-objects with luminescent and magnetic properties are also prepared based on the complexation of various lanthanide ions with the β-ketoester group. It is expected that the current study will provide a facile platform for the in situ preparation of β-ketoester-functionalized block copolymer nano-objects with different morphologies for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Huang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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45
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Cai WB, Liu DD, Chen Y, Zhang L, Tan JB. Enzyme-assisted Photoinitiated Polymerization-induced Self-assembly in Continuous Flow Reactors with Oxygen Tolerance. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Miller A, Pearce AK, Foster JC, O’Reilly RK. Probing and Tuning the Permeability of Polymersomes. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:30-38. [PMID: 33532567 PMCID: PMC7844851 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymersomes are a class of synthetic vesicles composed of a polymer membrane surrounding an aqueous inner cavity. In addition to their overall size, the thickness and composition of polymersome membranes determine the range of potential applications in which they can be employed. While synthetic polymer chemists have made great strides in controlling polymersome membrane parameters, measurement of their permeability to various analytes including gases, ions, organic molecules, and macromolecules remains a significant challenge. In this Outlook, we compare the general methods that have been developed to quantify polymersome membrane permeability, focusing in particular on their capability to accurately measure analyte flux. In addition, we briefly highlight strategies to control membrane permeability. Based on these learnings, we propose a set of criteria for designing future methods of quantifying membrane permeability such that the passage of a variety of molecules into and out of their lumens can be better understood.
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47
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Werber JR, Peterson C, Van Zee NJ, Hillmyer MA. Functionalized Polymersomes from a Polyisoprene-Activated Polyacrylamide Precursor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:490-498. [PMID: 33369411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled polymer nanoparticles have tremendous potential in biomedical and environmental applications. For all applications, tailored polymer chemistries are critical. In this study, we demonstrate a precursor approach in which an activated, organic solvent-soluble block polymer precursor is modified through mild postpolymerization modifications to access new polymer structures. We synthesized and characterized poly(isoprene)-block-poly(di-Boc acrylamide) diblock polymers. This activated-acrylamide-based polymer was then reacted with amines or reductants in the absence of catalysts to yield the hydrophilic blocks polyacrylamide, poly(hydroxypropylene), and poly(N-ethyl acrylamide). The resulting amphiphilic block polymers self-assembled in water to form polymersomes, as confirmed by cryo-electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. The approach also enables simple functionalization with specialized ligands, which we demonstrated by tagging polymers with an amino-fluorophore and imaging by confocal microscopy. We expect that the methodologies established in this study will open doors to new and useful solution nanostructures with surface chemistries that can be optimized for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Werber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Colin Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicholas J Van Zee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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48
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Abstract
This review summarizes the recent non-thermal initiation methods in RAFT mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA), including photo-, redox/oscillatory reaction-, enzyme- and ultrasound wave-initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nankai An
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- 100084 Beijing
- China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- 100084 Beijing
- China
| | - Jinying Yuan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- 100084 Beijing
- China
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49
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Hunter SJ, Lovett JR, Mykhaylyk OO, Jones ER, Armes SP. Synthesis of diblock copolymer spheres, worms and vesicles via RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of hydroxybutyl methacrylate. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of hydroxybutyl methacrylate using a poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) precursor leads to diblock copolymer spheres, worms or vesicles. A pseudo-phase diagram is constructed and the vesicles are briefly evaluated as a Pickering emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul J. Hunter
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Joseph R. Lovett
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | | | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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50
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Zhu C, Nicolas J. Towards nanoparticles with site-specific degradability by ring-opening copolymerization induced self-assembly in organic medium. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01425g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Radical ring-opening copolymerization-induced self-assembly (rROPISA) was successfully applied to the synthesis of core-, surface- or surface plus core-degradable nanoparticles in heptane, leading to site-specific degradability by rROPISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry
- France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry
- France
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