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Chun KS, Kim EH, Kim DH, Song NY, Kim W, Na HK, Surh YJ. Targeting cyclooxygenase-2 for chemoprevention of inflammation-associated intestinal carcinogenesis: An update. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 228:116259. [PMID: 38705538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that persistent inflammation functions as a driving force in the journey to cancer. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme involved in inflammatory signaling. While being transiently upregulated upon inflammatory stimuli, COX-2 has been found to be consistently overexpressed in human colorectal cancer and several other malignancies. The association between chronic inflammation and cancer has been revisited: cancer can arise when inflammation fails to resolve. Besides its proinflammatory functions, COX-2 also catalyzes the production of pro-resolving as well as anti-inflammatory metabolites from polyunsaturated fatty acids. This may account for the side effects caused by long term use of some COX-2 inhibitory drugs during the cancer chemopreventive trials. This review summarizes the latest findings highlighting the dual functions of COX-2 in the context of its implications in the development, maintenance, and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, South Korea
| | - Na-Young Song
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 Four Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Wonki Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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2
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Brea R, Casanova N, Alvarez-Lucena C, Fuertes-Agudo M, Luque-Tevar M, Cucarella C, Capitani MC, Marinochi MV, Fusini ME, Lahoz A, Nogueroles ML, Fraile J, Ronco MT, Boscá L, González-Rodríguez Á, García-Monzón C, Martín-Sanz P, Casado M, Francés DE. Beneficial effects of hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 expression against cholestatic injury after common bile duct ligation in mice. Liver Int 2024; 44:2409-2423. [PMID: 38847511 DOI: 10.1111/liv.16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in different liver diseases, but little is known about the significance of COX-2 in cholestatic injury. This study was designed to elucidate the role of COX-2 expression in hepatocytes during the pathogenesis of obstructive cholestasis. METHODS We used genetically modified mice constitutively expressing human COX-2 in hepatocytes. Transgenic mice (hCOX-2-Tg) and their wild-type (Wt) littermates were either subjected to a mid-abdominal laparotomy or common bile duct ligation (BDL) for 2 or 5 days. Then, we explored the mechanisms underlying the role of COX-2 and its derived prostaglandins in liver function, and the synthesis and excretion of bile acids (BA) in response to cholestatic liver injury. RESULTS After BDL, hCOX-2-Tg mice showed lower grades of hepatic necrosis and inflammation than Wt mice, in part by a reduced hepatic neutrophil recruitment associated with lower mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, hCOX-2-Tg mice displayed a differential metabolic pattern of BA synthesis that led to an improved clearance after BDL-induced accumulation. In addition, an enhanced response to the BDL-induced oxidative stress and hepatic apoptosis was observed. In vitro experiments using hepatic cells that stably express hCOX-2 confirmed the cytoprotective role of prostaglandin E2 against BA toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data indicate that constitutive expression of COX-2 in hepatocytes ameliorates cholestatic liver injury in mice by reducing inflammation and cell damage and by modulating BA metabolism, pointing to a role for COX-2 as a defensive response against cholestasis-derived BA accumulation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Brea
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Casanova
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marina Fuertes-Agudo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luque-Tevar
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Cucarella
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - María C Capitani
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - María V Marinochi
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Matías E Fusini
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Humana-Fac. Cs. Médicas-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | | | - Juan Fraile
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María T Ronco
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Liver Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel E Francés
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
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Lu W, Aihaiti A, Abudukeranmu P, Liu Y, Gao H. Arachidonic acid metabolism as a novel pathogenic factor in gastrointestinal cancers. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05057-2. [PMID: 38963615 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a major global health burden, representing 20% of all cancer diagnoses and 22.5% of global cancer-related deaths. Their aggressive nature and resistance to treatment pose a significant challenge, with late-stage survival rates below 15% at five years. Therefore, there is an urgent need to delve deeper into the mechanisms of gastrointestinal cancer progression and optimize treatment strategies. Increasing evidence highlights the active involvement of abnormal arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in various cancers. AA is a fatty acid mainly metabolized into diverse bioactive compounds by three enzymes: cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. Abnormal AA metabolism and altered levels of its metabolites may play a pivotal role in the development of GI cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review highlights a unique perspective by focusing on the abnormal metabolism of AA and its involvement in GI cancers. We summarize the latest advancements in understanding AA metabolism in GI cancers, outlining changes in AA levels and their potential role in liver, colorectal, pancreatic, esophageal, gastric, and gallbladder cancers. Moreover, we also explore the potential of targeting abnormal AA metabolism for future therapies, considering the current need to explore AA metabolism in GI cancers and outlining promising avenues for further research. Ultimately, such investigations aim to improve treatment options for patients with GI cancers and pave the way for better cancer management in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Lu
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | - Yajun Liu
- Aksu First People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huihui Gao
- Cancer Center, Department of Hospital Infection Management and Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Bian W, Bian W, Li Q, Li Y. Aspirin in Patients with Viral Hepatitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:638-651. [PMID: 38557825 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-024-01027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease demonstrating increasing morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Studies have shown that aspirin can reduce the incidence of liver cancer; however, the degree of benefit in patients with viral hepatitis is unclear. This study focused on the association between aspirin use and HCC risk in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. METHODS A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed from the earliest available date to December 16, 2023. The primary outcome was HCC incidence, and the secondary outcome was gastrointestinal bleeding. The results were expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-analyses were performed by using random or fixed-effects models based on the heterogeneity assessed via the I2 statistic. RESULTS A total of 13 articles (303,414 participants and 14,423 HCC patients) were included in the analysis. The incidence of HCC in aspirin users was lower than that in non-aspirin users (HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.68-0.83; P < 0.001; I2 = 90.0%). Subgroup analysis further showed that this effect may be more obvious in HCV patients, non-cirrhotic patients, patients with statins, and long-term aspirin users, but it may have the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (HR 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07-1.20; P = 0.906; I2 = 0.0%). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis shows that in patients with chronic viral hepatitis, aspirin use is associated with a significantly reduced risk of liver cancer, but attention should be paid to the possible risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, and this conclusion needs further validation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Bian
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wenkai Bian
- National Radio Spectrum Management Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingyu Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulian Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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5
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Salim EI, Alabasy MM, Nashar EME, Al-Zahrani NS, Alzahrani MA, Guo Z, Beltagy DM, Shahen M. Molecular interactions between metformin and D-limonene inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in breast and liver cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:185. [PMID: 38711049 PMCID: PMC11071183 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a fatal disease that severely affects humans. Designing new anticancer strategies and understanding the mechanism of action of anticancer agents is imperative. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE In this study, we evaluated the utility of metformin and D-limonene, alone or in combination, as potential anticancer therapeutics using the human liver and breast cancer cell lines HepG2 and MCF-7. STUDY DESIGN An integrated systems pharmacology approach is presented for illustrating the molecular interactions between metformin and D-limonene. METHODS We applied a systems-based analysis to introduce a drug-target-pathway network that clarifies different mechanisms of treatment. The combination treatment of metformin and D-limonene induced apoptosis in both cell lines compared with single drug treatments, as indicated by flow cytometric and gene expression analysis. RESULTS The mRNA expression of Bax and P53 genes were significantly upregulated while Bcl-2, iNOS, and Cox-2 were significantly downregulated in all treatment groups compared with normal cells. The percentages of late apoptotic HepG2 and MCF-7 cells were higher in all treatment groups, particularly in the combination treatment group. Calculations for the combination index (CI) revealed a synergistic effect between both drugs for HepG2 cells (CI = 0.14) and MCF-7 cells (CI = 0.22). CONCLUSION Our data show that metformin, D-limonene, and their combinations exerted significant antitumor effects on the cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis and modulating the expression of apoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed I Salim
- Department of Zoology, Research Lab of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Alabasy
- Department of Zoology, Research Lab of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Eman M El Nashar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah S Al-Zahrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alzahrani
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zihu Guo
- College of Life Science, Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Doha M Beltagy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shahen
- Department of Zoology, Research Lab of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Lizeth ANM, Vanessa BV, María Del Rocio TB, Margarita FC, Damián JM, Alfredo CO, Edgar CE, Placido RF. Hepatoprotective Effect Assessment of C-Phycocyanin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Rat Model by Using Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 78:296-309. [PMID: 38224996 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231222508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary neoplasia of the liver with elevated mortality. Experimental treatment with antioxidants has a beneficial effect on the experimental models of HCC. Arthrospira maxima (spirulina) and its phycocyanin have antitumoral action on different tumoral cells. However, it is unknown whether phycocyanin is the responsible molecule for the antitumoral effect on HCC. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) stands out among other spectroscopy techniques for its versatility of samples analyzed. This technique makes it possible to obtain the optical absorption spectrum of solid or liquid, dark or transparent samples. Previous studies report that assessing liver damage in rats produced by the modified resistant hepatocyte model (MRHM) is possible by analyzing their blood optical absorption spectrum. This study aimed to investigate, by PAS, the effect of phycocyanin obtained from spirulina on hepatic dysfunction. The optical absorption spectra analysis of the rat blood indicates the damage level induced by the MRHM group, being in concordance with the carried out biological conventional studies results, indicating an increase in the activity of hepatic enzymes, oxidative stress, Bax/Bcl2 ratio, cdk2, and AKT2 expression results, with a reduction in p53 expression. Also, PAS results suggest that phycocyanin decreases induced damage, due to the prevention of the Bax, AKT2, and p53 altered expression and the tumor progression in a HCC rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvarado-Noguez Margarita Lizeth
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Blas-Valdivia Vanessa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Thompson-Bonilla María Del Rocio
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional 1ro de Octubre, ISSSTE, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Franco-Colín Margarita
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo I. Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero., Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jacinto-Méndez Damián
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cruz-Orea Alfredo
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cano-Europa Edgar
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rojas-Franco Placido
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo I. Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero., Ciudad de México, México
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Shaban NZ, El-Faham AA, Abu-Serie MM, Habashy NH. The black Vitis vinifera seed oil saponifiable fraction ameliorates hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo via modulating apoptosis and ROS/NF-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116215. [PMID: 38278024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, no total curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is available. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effect of black Vitis vinifera (VV) seed oil saponifiable (Sap) fraction (BSap) using five different cancer cell lines. The apoptotic and anti-inflammatory impacts of BSap on the cell line with the highest cytotoxic effect were studied. Furthermore, its therapeutic effect on p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (p-DAB)-induced HCC in mice was investigated. The phenolic and vitamin content, as well as the antiradical activities of BSap, were assessed. BSap demonstrated a greater cytotoxic effect on HepG-2 cells (lowest IC50 and highest SI values) than did the other tested cell lines. BSap showed superior anticancer efficacy to 5-FU on all examined cancer cells, particularly HepG-2 cells, by inducing apoptosis and downregulating NF-κB. In HCC-bearing mice, BSap reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation and boosted GSH levels due to its potent antiradical activities and high reducing power. In addition, it had an apoptotic effect by upregulating p53 and BAX and downregulating Bcl-2 fold expression. Moreover, BSap lowered the fold expression of various crucial HCC-related genes: CD133, ALAD1α1, COX-2, ABCG1, AKT1, Gli, Notch1, and HIF1α. Liver function markers and histopathology showed significant improvements in HCC-bearing mice after BSap administration compared to 5-FU. In silico analysis revealed that the most abundant phenolic and fatty acid ingredients of BSap exhibited competitive inhibitory effects on valuable HCC-associated enzymes (NADPH oxidase, histone deacetylase 1, and sepiapterin reductase). Thus, BSap fraction may be a promising treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Z Shaban
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A El-Faham
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Noha H Habashy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Chen HJ, Huang TX, Jiang YX, Chen X, Wang AF. Multifunctional roles of inflammation and its causative factors in primary liver cancer: A literature review. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:1258-1271. [PMID: 38223416 PMCID: PMC10784815 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i12.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is a severe and complex disease, leading to 800000 global deaths annually. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation is one of the critical factors in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and steatohepatitis symptoms are at higher risk of developing HCC. However, not all inflammatory factors have a pathogenic function in HCC development. The current study describes the process and mechanism of hepatitis development and its progression to HCC, particularly focusing on viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and steatohepatitis. Furthermore, the roles of some essential inflammatory cytokines in HCC progression are described in addition to a summary of future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting-Xiong Huang
- School of Clinical Medical, Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu-Xi Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, The Yuhuan Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuhuan 317600, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ai-Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, The Yuhuan Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuhuan 317600, Zhejiang Province, China.
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9
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Maheswari A, Salamun DE. In silico molecular docking of cyclooxygenase (COX-2), ADME-toxicity and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of marine macro algae. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:359. [PMID: 37840875 PMCID: PMC10567612 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine ecosystem harbors unique and diverse bioactive compounds that can offer a vast repertoire of molecules with therapeutic properties. In the present study, four different species of red marine seaweeds were analyzed for its phytoconstituents and the potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extracts were screened and determined. The results revealed that, among the 4 samples, G. corticata, scored a good antioxidant potential by DPPH (67.61 ± 1.23%, IC50 = 577.7 µg) and metal chelation assay (29.40 ± 0.32%, IC50 = 1684 µg). The anti-inflammatory analysis has shown that, H. dialata was found to exhibit maximum inhibition against the albumin denaturation (83.50 ± 0.24%), whereas G. corticata was observed to measure a maximum inhibition in heat-induced hemolysis (60.40 ± 0.46%) and proteinase inhibition assay (83.30 ± 0.18%). An extensive literature survey was carried out for the bioactive compounds in G.corticata; it was examined for drug likeliness by ADME analysis and toxicological parameters. Further, the best selected bioactive compounds were subjected to in silico molecular docking with pro-inflammatory target, cyclooxygenase (COX-2). Hexadecanal and Neophytadiene were reported to obtain the highest binding affinity (-5.3) for COX-2 enzyme. Hence, in silico molecular docking studies had shown that G. corticata was found to possess potential anti-inflammatory activity that can prevent conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins by inhibiting COX-2. In addition, molecular dynamic simulation studies have shown the stability of Hexadecanal-6 COX complex. To conclude, the outcomes of the present study may shed light on the understanding of the usage of bioactive compounds for therapeutic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Maheswari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), J.C Road Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - D. E. Salamun
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), J.C Road Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
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10
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Alba MM, Ebright B, Hua B, Slarve I, Zhou Y, Jia Y, Louie SG, Stiles BL. Eicosanoids and other oxylipins in liver injury, inflammation and liver cancer development. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1098467. [PMID: 36818443 PMCID: PMC9932286 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1098467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a malignancy developed from underlying liver disease that encompasses liver injury and metabolic disorders. The progression from these underlying liver disease to cancer is accompanied by chronic inflammatory conditions in which liver macrophages play important roles in orchestrating the inflammatory response. During this process, bioactive lipids produced by hepatocytes and macrophages mediate the inflammatory responses by acting as pro-inflammatory factors, as well as, playing roles in the resolution of inflammation conditions. Here, we review the literature discussing the roles of bioactive lipids in acute and chronic hepatic inflammation and progression to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M. Alba
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Brandon Ebright
- Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Brittney Hua
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Ielyzaveta Slarve
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Yiren Zhou
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Yunyi Jia
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
| | - Bangyan L. Stiles
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
- Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, Unites States
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11
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The altered lipidome of hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:445-456. [PMID: 35131480 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in metabolic pathways are a hallmark of cancer. A deeper understanding of the contribution of different metabolites to carcinogenesis is thus vitally important to elucidate mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression to inform therapeutic strategies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and its altered metabolic landscape is beginning to unfold with the advancement of technologies. In particular, characterization of the lipidome of human HCCs has accelerated, and together with biochemical analyses, are revealing recurrent patterns of alterations in glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. These widespread alterations encompass a myriad of lipid species with numerous roles affecting multiple hallmarks of cancer, including aberrant growth signaling, metastasis, evasion of cell death and immunosuppression. In this review, we summarize the current trends and findings of the altered lipidomic landscape of HCC and discuss their potential biological significance for hepatocarcinogenesis.
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12
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Yan LJ, Yao SY, Li HC, Meng GX, Liu KX, Ding ZN, Hong JG, Chen ZQ, Dong ZR, Li T. Efficacy and Safety of Aspirin for Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Updated Meta-analysis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:835-846. [PMID: 36304506 PMCID: PMC9547262 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous meta-analyses have shown that aspirin use may reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the optimal dose, frequency, and duration of aspirin use or the safety and efficacy of aspirin in target populations for HCC prevention remain unclear. The study aim was to investigate the efficacy and safety of aspirin for prevention of HCC. METHODS Publications were retrieved by a comprehensive literature research of several databases. Based on a random-effects model, hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the pooled risk. The dose-response relationship between aspirin use and HCC risk was assessed with a restricted cubic spline model. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis. Aspirin use was associated with a reduced risk of HCC (HR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.56-0.75). The effect was robust across sex and age; however, women and the non-elderly had the greatest benefit from aspirin use. The preventive effect was well reproduced in those with comorbidities. Daily use and long-term use of aspirin appeared to offer greater benefits. Aspirin 100 mg/d was associated with maximum reduction of HCC risk. Aspirin use did slightly increase the risk of bleeding (HR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.27). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis confirmed that use of aspirin significantly reduced the incident risk of HCC. Regular and long-term aspirin use offers a greater advantage. Aspirin use was associated with an increased risk of bleeding. We recommend 100 mg/d aspirin as a feasible dose for further research on primary prevention of HCC in a broad at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun-Jie Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hai-Chao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-Xiao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Niu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Guo Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Correspondence to: Tao Li, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5108-1774. Tel/Fax: +86-531-82166341, E-mail: mailto:
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13
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Zhang Z, Chong W, Xie X, Liu Y, Shang L, Li L. Hedysarum multijugum Maxim treats ulcerative colitis through the PI3K-AKT and TNF signaling pathway according to network pharmacology and molecular docking. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1132. [PMID: 36388782 PMCID: PMC9652569 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that prevails mainly in western countries. Due to the unknown etiology of UC, the purpose of treatments has predominantly comprised symptomatic and pain relief. With extensive research focusing on the pathogenesis of UC, various novel treatments have emerged, although their efficiency has remained unsatisfactory. Hedysarum multijugum Maxim (HMM), a crucial constituent of traditional Chinese medicine, has a broad application in many diseases and has been found beneficial for UC patients. METHODS In this study, network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were applied to explore the potential mechanism of HMM treating UC. Active ingredients of HMM and target genes were acquired from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). UC-related genes were obtained from three disease databases. Common genes were selected from these two gene sets, and a compound-genes network was drawn by Cytoscape. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed to identify the essential pathways and proteins in UC. RESULTS A total of 121 genes were found related to UC and targeted by HMM. The GO and KEGG analyses showed that these genes were associated with inflammation and immune signaling pathways and inflammation-related biological processes (BP) such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Four active ingredients (quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin, and isorhamnetin) and five genes (RELA, MAPK14, MAPK1, JUN, AKT1) were reserved after screening. Molecular docking further showed that the receptor had a high binding affinity with HMM active ingredients. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that HMM treats UC through four active ingredients (quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin, and isorhamnetin) targeting five hub genes (RELA, MAPK14, MAPK1, JUN, AKT1) by regulating the PI3K-AKT1 and TNF signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Chong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaozhou Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Zhang C, Lu Y, Song Y, Chen L, Hu J, Meng Y, Chen X, Li S, Zheng G, Qiu Z. Celecoxib attenuates hepatosteatosis by impairing de novo lipogenesis via Akt-dependent lipogenic pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3995-4006. [PMID: 35713152 PMCID: PMC9279593 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that hepatic de novo lipogenesis is a common abnormality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. We investigated whether a selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, alleviates hepatic steatosis by targeting an Akt-driven lipogenic pathway. We estimated the efficacy of celecoxib in a novel Akt-driven NAFLD mouse model established via hydrodynamic transfection of activated forms of AKT and in fructose-fed NAFLD mice that exhibited increased insulin-independent hepatic lipogenesis. AKT-transfected and insulin-stimulated human hepatoma cells were used for the in vitro experiments. Haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were performed for mechanistic studies. The results revealed that celecoxib ameliorated hepatic steatosis in the AKT-triggered NAFLD mice. Mechanistically, celecoxib effectively suppressed AKT/mTORC1 signalling and its downstream lipogenic cascade in the Akt-driven NAFLD mice and in vitro. Furthermore, celecoxib had limited efficacy in alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation and showed no influence on lipogenic proteins associated with hepatic lipogenesis in fructose-administered mice. This study suggests that celecoxib may be favourable for the treatment of NAFLD, especially in the subset with Akt-triggered hepatic lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Lu
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Song
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese MedicineHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- Department of BiochemistryInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound PrescriptionMinistry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of PharmacyHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese MedicineHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanPeople's Republic of China
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Clinical Indication of Aspirin Associated With Reduced Risk of Liver Cancer in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:758-768. [PMID: 35294425 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the overall association of aspirin on reduced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk, there have been few studies on its benefit according to specific clinical conditions among hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients. This study aimed to identify subgroups which benefit from long-term aspirin use. METHODS Nationwide data covering the HBV-infected population in the Republic of Korea from 2010 to 2011 were analyzed. Patients who had been taking Aspirin for ≥3 years were classified as aspirin users. The primary outcome was HCC development. The multivariable Fine and Gray competing risk regression model was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) in the entire cohort. Propensity score matching at a 1:4 ratio was also performed. RESULTS Among 161,673 patients, 7,083 newly developed HCC during follow-up (mean: 7.5 years). After adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cirrhosis, antivirals, metformin, statin, smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity, aspirin users (n = 9,837) were less likely to develop HCC; the adjusted HR was 0.84 (P = 0.002) in the entire cohort and 0.87 (P = 0.010) in the matched cohort. Association of aspirin use with all-cause mortality was not significant (HR = 0.93; P = 0.192), whereas association with liver-related mortality was significant (HR = 0.79; P = 0.019). A significant association was observed in the subgroups with cirrhosis, both sexes, hypertension, non-diabetes mellitus, nonantivirals against chronic hepatitis B, nonmetformin use, nonstatin use, both smoking histories, and obesity (all P < 0.05). DISCUSSION Long-term aspirin use is significantly associated with reduced risk of HCC in chronic HBV patients. More comprehensive studies should be implemented to clarify the causal relationship.
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Chen C, Guan J, Gu X, Chu Q, Zhu H. Prostaglandin E2 and Receptors: Insight Into Tumorigenesis, Tumor Progression, and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:834859. [PMID: 35356289 PMCID: PMC8959932 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.834859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary liver cancer with ∼750,000 annual incidence rates globally. PGE2, usually known as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is over-expressed in various human malignancies including HCC. PGE2 binds to EP receptors in HCC cells to influence tumorigenesis or enhance tumor progression through multiple pathways such as EP1-PKC-MAPK, EP2-PKA-GSK3β, and EP4-PKA-CREB. In the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, PGE2 can promote the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells by affecting hepatocytes directly and the tumor microenvironment (TME) through ERK/COX-2/PGE2 signal pathway in hepatic stellate cells (HSC). For the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, there are drugs such as T7 peptide and EP1 antagonist ONO-8711 targeting Cox-2/PGE2 axis to inhibit tumor progression. In conclusion, PGE2 has been shown to be a traditional target with pleiotropic effects in tumorigenesis and progression of HCC that could be used to develop a new potential clinical impact. For the treatment study focusing on the COX-PGE2 axis, the exclusive usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) or COX-2-inhibitors may be replaced by a combination of selective EP antagonists and traditional anti-tumoral drugs to alleviate severe side effects and achieve better outcomes.
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17
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Zhou X, Zhang T, Sun Y, Li C, Ding X, Zhu Y, Li L, Fan Z. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Association of Aspirin With Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:764854. [PMID: 35300300 PMCID: PMC8921872 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.764854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the relationship between the use of aspirin and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched systematically from the earliest available date to 13 March 2020. The primary outcome was incidence of HCC, and the secondary outcomes were recurrence and mortality of HCC. The results were expressed as the Hazard Ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Based on the heterogeneity evaluated with the I 2 statistic, a meta-analysis was performed using either a random- or fixed-effects model. Results: A total of sixteen articles (2781100 participants) were included. There was lower incidence of HCC in aspirin users than those in non-aspirin users (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.46-0.69; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis further showed that the incidence of liver cancer in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (HR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.09-0.22; p < 0.001) and virus hepatitis (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.62-0.74; p < 0.001) who use aspirin was lower than that of patients who do not use aspirin. In addition, aspirin was found to associate with decreased risk of HCC mortality (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.78; p < 0.001), not HCC recurrence (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.15-1.76; p = 0.291). Conclusions: Aspirin use is significantly associated with the low incidence rate of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Cancer Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Sun
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianfei Ding
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Zhu
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhirui Fan
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Di Bella S, Luzzati R, Principe L, Zerbato V, Meroni E, Giuffrè M, Crocè LS, Merlo M, Perotto M, Dolso E, Maurel C, Lovecchio A, Dal Bo E, Lagatolla C, Marini B, Ippodrino R, Sanson G. Aspirin and Infection: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020263. [PMID: 35203473 PMCID: PMC8868581 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. It derives from the extract of white willow bark, whose therapeutic potential was known in Egypt since 1534 BC. ASA’s pharmacological effects are historically considered secondary to its anti-inflammatory, platelet-inhibiting properties; however, human studies demonstrating a pro-inflammatory effect of ASA exist. It is likely that we are aware of only part of ASA’s mechanisms of action; moreover, the clinical effect is largely dependent on dosages. During the past few decades, evidence of the anti-infective properties of ASA has emerged. We performed a review of such research in order to provide a comprehensive overview of ASA and viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections, as well as ASA’s antibiofilm properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Luigi Principe
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, “S. Giovanni di Dio” Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
| | - Verena Zerbato
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (V.Z.); (E.D.); (C.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Elisa Meroni
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, “A. Manzoni” Hospital, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giuffrè
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-040-3994-305
| | - Lory Saveria Crocè
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Marco Merlo
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Perotto
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Dolso
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (V.Z.); (E.D.); (C.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Cristina Maurel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (V.Z.); (E.D.); (C.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonio Lovecchio
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (V.Z.); (E.D.); (C.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Eugenia Dal Bo
- Cardiothoracic-Vascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Cattinara University Hospital, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Cristina Lagatolla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Bruna Marini
- Ulisse BioMed Labs, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (B.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Rudy Ippodrino
- Ulisse BioMed Labs, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (B.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Gianfranco Sanson
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.D.B.); (R.L.); (L.S.C.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (G.S.)
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Yi M, Feng X, Peng W, Teng F, Tang Y, Chen Z. Aspirin for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: an updated meta-analysis with particular focus on patients with chronic liver disease. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 78:647-656. [PMID: 35032181 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-021-03247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested a chemoprotective effect of aspirin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but evidence is limited for patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of all observational studies, and aimed to provide a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of this topic. METHODS The PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched until September 2021. We pooled the hazard ratio (HR) of HCC for aspirin use versus non-use and investigated the possible dose-risk and duration-risk associations. RESULTS Ten studies involving 202,567 CLD patients were enrolled in this study. The pooled results showed a significant reduction in HCC risk in aspirin users than in non-users (HR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.54-0.77; pheterogeneity < 0.001; I2 = 84.9%). In subgroup analyses, an aspirin dose of 100 mg/day (0.56, 0.44-0.72) showed a significant protective effect against HCC than 160 mg/day. The linear model showed a significant inverse association between the duration of aspirin use and HCC risk (exb(b) = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.90-0.94); also, a non-linear model revealed a comparable association (coef1 = 0.80, p1 < 0.001; coef2 = 1.13, p2 = 0.001). No significantly higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding of the aspirin-treated group was detected. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggested a significant and duration-related association between reduced HCC risk and aspirin use in a broad at-risk population. Nevertheless, aspirin therapy applied to CLD patients should be carefully monitored, although there was no significantly higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42021229892.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Yi
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Youyin Tang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zheyu Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Goh MJ, Sinn DH. Statin and aspirin for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: Time to use or wait further? Clin Mol Hepatol 2022; 28:380-395. [PMID: 35021597 PMCID: PMC9293618 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2021.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies highlighted potential therapeutic applications of aspirin and statins as anticancer agents based on their pleiotropic effects. Epidemiologic studies suggested the role of aspirin and statins in the chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, observational data is prone to bias, and no prospective randomized trials are currently available to assess the risks and benefits of statin or aspirin therapy for chemoprevention of HCC. It is therefore important for clinicians and researchers to be aware of the quality of current evidence regarding this issue. In this review, we summarize currently available evidence to assist clinicians with their decision to use statin or aspirin and provide information for further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Ji Goh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Malik JA, Ahmed S, Jan B, Bender O, Al Hagbani T, Alqarni A, Anwar S. Drugs repurposed: An advanced step towards the treatment of breast cancer and associated challenges. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112375. [PMID: 34863612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is mostly observed in women and is responsible for huge mortality in women subjects globally. Due to the continued development of drug resistance and other contributing factors, the scientific community needs to look for new alternatives, and drug repurposing is one of the best opportunities. Here we light upon the drug repurposing with a major focus on breast cancer. BC is a division of cancer known as the leading cause of death of 2.3 million women globally, with 685,000 fatalities. This number is steadily rising, necessitating the development of a treatment that can extend survival time. All available treatments for BC are very costly as well as show side effects. This unfulfilled requirement of the anti-cancer drugs ignited an enthusiasm for drug repositioning, which means finding out the anti-cancer use of already marketed drugs for other complications. With the advancement in proteomics, genomics, and computational approaches, the drug repurposing process hastens. So many drugs are repurposed for the BC, including alkylating agents, antimetabolite, anthracyclines, an aromatase inhibitor, mTOR, and many more. The drug resistance in breast cancer is rising, so reviewing how the challenges in breast cancer can be combated with drug repurposing. This paper provides the updated information on all the repurposed drugs candidates for breast cancer with the molecular mechanism responsible for their anti-tumor activity. Additionally, all the challenges that occur during the repurposing of the drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India; Department of Biomedical engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, India
| | - Bisma Jan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Onur Bender
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turki Al Hagbani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aali Alqarni
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology unit, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Alvarez MDL, Lorenzetti F. Role of eicosanoids in liver repair, regeneration and cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114732. [PMID: 34411565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are lipid signaling molecules derived from the oxidation of ω-6 fatty acids, usually arachidonic acid. There are three major pathways, including the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and P450 cytochrome epoxygenase (CYP) pathway. Prostanoids, which include prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes (Tx), are formed via the COX pathway, leukotrienes (LT) and lipoxins (LX) by the action of 5-LOX, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by CYP. Although eicosanoids are usually associated with pro-inflammatory responses, non-classic eicosanoids, as LX, have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties. Eicosanoids like PGE2, LTB4 and EETs have been involved in promoting liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. PGE2 and LTB4 have also been reported to participate in the regenerative phase after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), while cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LT) contribute to the inflammatory process associated with I/R and are also involved in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, LX, another product of 5-LOX, have the opposite effect, acting as pro-resolving mediators in these pathologies. In liver cancer, most studies show that eicosanoids, with the exception of LX, promote the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and favor metastasis. This review summarizes the synthesis of different eicosanoids in the liver and discusses key findings from basic research linking eicosanoids to liver repair, regeneration and cancer and the impact of targeting eicosanoid cascade. In addition, studies in patients are presented that explore the potential use of eicosanoids as biomarkers and show correlations between eicosanoid production and the course and prognosis of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Luján Alvarez
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Suipacha 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Suipacha 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS) Sede Regional Rosario, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Av. Pellegrini 1618 (S2000BUG), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Florencia Lorenzetti
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Suipacha 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina
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23
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Sartorius K, An P, Winkler C, Chuturgoon A, Li X, Makarova J, Kramvis A. The Epigenetic Modulation of Cancer and Immune Pathways in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Influence of HBx and miRNA Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661204. [PMID: 33995383 PMCID: PMC8117219 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) pathogenesis is fueled by persistent HBV infection that stealthily maintains a delicate balance between viral replication and evasion of the host immune system. HBV is remarkably adept at using a combination of both its own, as well as host machinery to ensure its own replication and survival. A key tool in its arsenal, is the HBx protein which can manipulate the epigenetic landscape to decrease its own viral load and enhance persistence, as well as manage host genome epigenetic responses to the presence of viral infection. The HBx protein can initiate epigenetic modifications to dysregulate miRNA expression which, in turn, can regulate downstream epigenetic changes in HBV-HCC pathogenesis. We attempt to link the HBx and miRNA induced epigenetic modulations that influence both the HBV and host genome expression in HBV-HCC pathogenesis. In particular, the review investigates the interplay between CHB infection, the silencing role of miRNA, epigenetic change, immune system expression and HBV-HCC pathogenesis. The review demonstrates exactly how HBx-dysregulated miRNA in HBV-HCC pathogenesis influence and are influenced by epigenetic changes to modulate both viral and host genome expression. In particular, the review identifies a specific subset of HBx induced epigenetic miRNA pathways in HBV-HCC pathogenesis demonstrating the complex interplay between HBV infection, epigenetic change, disease and immune response. The wide-ranging influence of epigenetic change and miRNA modulation offers considerable potential as a therapeutic option in HBV-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Sartorius
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, School of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ping An
- Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Cheryl Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Julia Makarova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Higher School of Economics University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, School of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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24
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Ricciotti E, Wangensteen KJ, FitzGerald GA. Aspirin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3751-3761. [PMID: 33893087 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence for aspirin as a preventative agent for cancer. Compelling direct evidence supports a chemopreventive effect of aspirin in individuals at high risk of developing colorectal cancer due to Lynch syndrome, while indirect evidence indicates that aspirin may reduce the risk of and mortality from sporadic colorectal cancer. There is weaker evidence for a protective effect of aspirin against all cancers taken as a group. Nevertheless, the results of recent retrospective cohort studies consistently indicate a beneficial effect of aspirin as a chemopreventive or adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epidemiologic studies conducted in the general population or in selected populations at higher risk for HCC reveal that regular aspirin use is associated with reduced HCC incidence. In addition, aspirin may act as an adjuvant to other therapies in reducing HCC recurrence. According to studies in animal models, the cancer-preventative effect of aspirin may be related to its antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory activities. Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether aspirin should be recommended to diverse populations of patients at risk for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kirk J Wangensteen
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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25
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Pelizzaro F, Kitenge MP, Cardin R, Ponzoni A, Cillo U, Vitale A, Businello G, Munari G, Fassan M, Farinati F. Circulating prostaglandin E 2: a novel potential prognostic biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Med 2021; 21:675-682. [PMID: 33768340 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the activation of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) axis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), evaluating circulating PGE2 as prognostic biomarker in HCC patients. PGE2 levels were measured in blood samples from 24 cirrhotics, and 34 HCC patients were consecutively collected between January 2016 and December 2017. In a subgroup of patients, tissue expression of MAGL mRNA and immunohistochemistry for MAGL and COX-2 were obtained. Despite tumor tissues showing overexpression of MAGL mRNA and higher levels of both MAGL and COX-2 at immunohistochemistry, PGE2 levels were not significantly different in HCC and cirrhotics. HCC patients with circulating PGE2 levels > 14 pg/mL had a significantly shorter overall survival (19.4 vs. 49.9 months; p = 0.03), the finding being confirmed by the multivariate analysis (HR 3.37 [95% CI 1.00-11.60]; p = 0.05). The MAGL/COX-2/PGE2 axis is activated in HCC, and circulating PGE2 proved to be a potential prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pelizzaro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Piera Kitenge
- Gastroenterology Unit, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Romilda Cardin
- Gastroenterology Unit, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Ponzoni
- Radiology Unit, Azienda-Ospedale Università Di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Businello
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giada Munari
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Farinati
- Gastroenterology Unit, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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26
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Peng W, Li C, Zhang X, Wen T, Chen Z. The impact of thrombocytopenia on prognosis of HBV-related small hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score matching analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:46. [PMID: 33573630 PMCID: PMC7879633 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombocytopenia was reported both detrimental and advantageous to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is little evidence showing clearly the clinical value of preoperative thrombocytopenia on the surgical outcome of patients with small HCC. This retrospective study aimed at elucidating the correlation between preoperative thrombocytopenia and surgical outcome of small HCC patients within Milan criteria treated with liver resection. Methods Data of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related small HCC patients were retrospectively analyzed, and we performed the propensity score matching (PSM) analysis to overcome the imbalance of clinicopathological features. Patients enrolled were subsequently categorized into two groups according to preoperative platelet counts: thrombocytopenia group and non-thrombocytopenia group. Survival outcomes of the patients in both groups were described with the Kaplan-Meier method, and the difference was compared with a log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was applied to identify the risk factors of surgical outcome. Results After PSM, the estimated 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for small HCC patients in the thrombocytopenia group were 94.5%, 77.0%, and 57.6%, and 95.0%, 79.6%, and 68.0%, respectively, for small HCC patients in the non-thrombocytopenia group (P = 0.042). And the 1-, 3-, and 5-year estimated recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates for small HCC patients in the thrombocytopenia group were 70.4%, 51.0%, and 42.1%, and 83.8%, 63.7%, and 46.7%, respectively, for small HCC patients in the non-thrombocytopenia group (P = 0.035). Multivariate analysis indicated preoperative thrombocytopenia was a significant prognosticator of poor RFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.388, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.028~1.874, P = 0.033). Conclusion Preoperative thrombocytopenia had an undesirable impact on the recurrence of small HCC patients treated with liver resection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-021-02160-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tianfu Wen
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zheyu Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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27
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Li S, Saviano A, Erstad DJ, Hoshida Y, Fuchs BC, Baumert T, Tanabe KK. Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, and Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention: Emphasis on Secondary Prevention and Its Translational Challenges. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3817. [PMID: 33255794 PMCID: PMC7760293 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality globally. Given the limited therapeutic efficacy in advanced HCC, prevention of HCC carcinogenesis could serve as an effective strategy. Patients with chronic fibrosis due to viral or metabolic etiologies are at a high risk of developing HCC. Primary prevention seeks to eliminate cancer predisposing risk factors while tertiary prevention aims to prevent HCC recurrence. Secondary prevention targets patients with baseline chronic liver disease. Various epidemiological and experimental studies have identified candidates for secondary prevention-both etiology-specific and generic prevention strategies-including statins, aspirin, and anti-diabetic drugs. The introduction of multi-cell based omics analysis along with better characterization of the hepatic microenvironment will further facilitate the identification of targets for prevention. In this review, we will summarize HCC risk factors, pathogenesis, and discuss strategies of HCC prevention. We will focus on secondary prevention and also discuss current challenges in translating experimental work into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.L.); (D.J.E.); (B.C.F.)
| | - Antonio Saviano
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Derek J. Erstad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.L.); (D.J.E.); (B.C.F.)
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Bryan C. Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.L.); (D.J.E.); (B.C.F.)
| | - Thomas Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Kenneth K. Tanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.L.); (D.J.E.); (B.C.F.)
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28
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Yeh CC, Liao PY, Pandey S, Yung SY, Lai HC, Jeng LB, Chang WC, Ma WL. Metronomic Celecoxib Therapy in Clinically Available Dosage Ablates Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Suppressing Cell Invasion, Growth, and Stemness in Pre-Clinical Models. Front Oncol 2020; 10:572861. [PMID: 33194674 PMCID: PMC7609882 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.572861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the anti-carcinogenic effect of metronomic Celecoxib (i.e., frequent administration in clinically available doses) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the perspective of metastasis, spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis, cancer invasion, proliferation, and stemness in vivo and in vitro. Background Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, is known to cause anti-carcinogenic effects for HCC in suprapharmacological doses. However, the effects of metronomic Celecoxib treatment on HCC cells remain unclear. Methods The in vivo chemopreventive effect of metronomic Celecoxib (10mg/kg/d) was investigated by the syngeneic HCC implantation model and spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in HBV-transgenic(HBVtg) mice individually. HCC cell lines were treated by either suprapharmacological (100 μM) or metronomic (4 μM) Celecoxib therapy. Anti-carcinogenic effects were evaluated using cell invasion, cancer proliferation, angiogenesis, and phenotype of cancer stem/progenitor cells (CSPC). The molecular mechanism of metronomic Celecoxib on HCC was dissected using Luciferase assay. Results In vivo metronomic Celecoxib exerted its chemopreventive effect by significantly reducing tumor growth of implanted syngeneic HCC and spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in HBVtg mice. Unlike suprapharmacological dose, metronomic Celecoxib can only inhibit HCC cell invasion after a 7-day course of treatment via NF-κB/MMP9 dependent, COX2/PGE2 independent pathway. Metronomic Celecoxib also significantly suppressed HCC cell proliferation after a 7-day or 30-day culture. Besides, metronomic Celecoxib reduced CSPC phenotype by diminishing sphere formation, percentage of CD90+ population in sphere cells, and expression of CSPC markers. Conclusions Metronomic Celecoxib should be investigated clinically as a chemopreventive agent for selected high-risk HCC patients (e.g., HCC patients after curative treatments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Liao
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yung Yung
- Department of Surgery, Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Department of Surgery, Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of OBS & GYN, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of OBS & GYN, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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29
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Simon TG, Chan AT. Lifestyle and Environmental Approaches for the Primary Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Liver Dis 2020; 24:549-576. [PMID: 33012445 PMCID: PMC7536356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic liver disease are at increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most patients diagnosed with HCC have limited treatment options and a poor overall prognosis, with a 5-year survival less than 15%. Preventing the development of HCC represents the most important strategy. However, current guidelines lack specific recommendations for primary prevention. Lifestyle factors may be central in the pathogenesis of HCC, and primary prevention strategies focused on lifestyle modification could represent an important approach to the prevention of HCC. Both experimental and epidemiologic studies have identified promising chemopreventive agents for the primary prevention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey G. Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA,Broad Institute, Boston MA,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA
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30
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies have shown that celecoxib can significantly inhibit the development of tumors, and basic experiments and in vitro experiments also provide a certain basis, but it is not clear how celecoxib inhibits tumor development in detail. METHODS A literature search of all major academic databases was conducted (PubMed, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), Wan-fang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), including the main research on the mechanisms of celecoxib on tumors. RESULTS Celecoxib can intervene in tumor development and reduce the formation of drug resistance through multiple molecular mechanisms. CONCLUSION Celecoxib mainly regulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells by inhibiting the cyclooxygenases-2/prostaglandin E2 signal axis and thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κ-gene binding, Akt, signal transducer and activator of transcription and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Meanwhile, it was found that celecoxib could promote the apoptosis of tumor cells by enhancing mitochondrial oxidation, activating mitochondrial apoptosis process, promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress process, and autophagy. Celecoxib can also reduce the occurrence of drug resistance by increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs.
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31
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Yao Z, Jia C, Tai Y, Liang H, Zhong Z, Xiong Z, Deng M, Zhang Q. Serum exosomal long noncoding RNAs lnc-FAM72D-3 and lnc-EPC1-4 as diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11843-11863. [PMID: 32554864 PMCID: PMC7343450 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as LINC00462, HOTAIR, and MALAT1, are significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. However, lncRNA expression in the serum of HCC patients is still unclear. To identify candidate lncRNAs for HCC diagnosis, we purified exosomal total RNA from the serum of healthy volunteers (controls) and hepatitis, cirrhosis, and HCC patients. To assess the function of lncRNAs, small interfering RNAs and overexpression vectors were designed and cell viability and cell apoptosis assays conducted. The exosomes of the control group had a larger number of lncRNAs with a high amount of alternative splicing compared to hepatic disease patients. qPCR assays showed that lnc-FAM72D-3, lnc-GPR89B-15, lncZEB2-19, and lnc-EPC1-4 are differentially expressed in HCC. Furthermore, the expression level of lnc-EPC1-4 correlated with age. While the expression levels of lnc-GPR89B-15 and lnc-EPC1-4 correlated with serum alpha-fetoprotein level. lnc-FAM72D-3 knockdown decreased cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis, indicating that lnc-FAM72D-3 functions as an oncogene in HCC. In contrast, lnc-EPC1-4 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis, indicating that it functions as a tumor suppressor gene. Collectively, these findings show that lnc-FAM72D-3 and lnc-EPC1-4 play a novel role that might contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis and identify potential candidate biomarkers for HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Changchang Jia
- Department of Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yan Tai
- Department of Liver Disease Lab, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhaozhong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobilliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Meihai Deng
- Department of Hepatobilliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Benhammou JN, Lin J, Hussain SK, El-Kabany M. Emerging risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated hepatocellular carcinoma. HEPATOMA RESEARCH 2020; 6:35. [PMID: 32685690 PMCID: PMC7367098 DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2020.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached epidemic proportions and in parallel, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become one of the fastest growing cancers. Epidemiological studies have not only shed light on the prevalence and incidence of the disease but have also unmasked important environmental risk factors, including the role of diabetes and dyslipidemia in disease pathogenesis. Genetic association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms implicated in NAFLD-HCC, many of which are part of lipid metabolism pathways. Through these clinical studies and subsequently, translational and basic research, the role of statins as a chemoprotective agent has also emerged with ongoing clinical trials assessing their utility in HCC prevention and treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent epidemiological studies describing the burden of NAFLD-HCC in different patient populations and countries. We discuss the genetic and environmental risk factors for NAFLD-HCC and highlight the chemoprotective role of statins and aspirin. We also summarize what is known about NAFLD-HCC in the cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis populations and briefly address the role of surveillance in NAFLD-HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane N. Benhammou
- Pfleger Liver Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Lin
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shehnaz K. Hussain
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mohamed El-Kabany
- Pfleger Liver Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Simon TG, Duberg AS, Aleman S, Chung RT, Chan AT, Ludvigsson JF. Association of Aspirin with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver-Related Mortality. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1018-1028. [PMID: 32160663 PMCID: PMC7317648 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1912035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More information is needed about the long-term effects of low-dose aspirin (≤160 mg) on incident hepatocellular carcinoma, liver-related mortality, and gastrointestinal bleeding in persons with chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection. METHODS Using nationwide Swedish registries, we identified all adults who received a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C from 2005 through 2015 and who did not have a history of aspirin use (50,275 patients). Patients who were starting to take low-dose aspirin (14,205 patients) were identified by their first filled prescriptions for 90 or more consecutive doses of aspirin. We constructed a propensity score and applied inverse probability of treatment weighting to balance baseline characteristics between groups. Using Cox proportional-hazards regression modeling, we estimated the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related mortality, accounting for competing events. RESULTS With a median of 7.9 years of follow-up, the estimated cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was 4.0% among aspirin users and 8.3% among nonusers of aspirin (difference, -4.3 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -5.0 to -3.6; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.76). This inverse association appeared to be duration-dependent; as compared with short-term use (3 months to <1 year), the adjusted hazard ratios were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.06) for 1 to less than 3 years of use, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.78) for 3 to less than 5 years of use, and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.70) for 5 or more years of use. Ten-year liver-related mortality was 11.0% among aspirin users and 17.9% among nonusers (difference, -6.9 percentage points [95% CI, -8.1 to -5.7]; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.67 to 0.81]). However, the 10-year risk of gastrointestinal bleeding did not differ significantly between users and nonusers of aspirin (7.8% and 6.9%, respectively; difference, 0.9 percentage points; 95% CI, -0.6 to 2.4). CONCLUSIONS In a nationwide study of patients with chronic viral hepatitis in Sweden, use of low-dose aspirin was associated with a significantly lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and lower liver-related mortality than no use of aspirin, without a significantly higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey G Simon
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (T.G.S., R.T.C., A.T.C.) and the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (T.G.S., A.T.C.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (T.G.S., R.T.C., A.T.C.), Broad Institute (R.T.C., A.T.C.), and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (A.T.C.) - all in Boston; the Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health (A.-S.D.), and the Department of Pediatrics (J.F.L.), Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital (S.A.), the Department of Medicine Huddinge (S.A.), and the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.F.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm - all in Sweden; and the Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (J.F.L.)
| | - Ann-Sofi Duberg
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (T.G.S., R.T.C., A.T.C.) and the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (T.G.S., A.T.C.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (T.G.S., R.T.C., A.T.C.), Broad Institute (R.T.C., A.T.C.), and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (A.T.C.) - all in Boston; the Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health (A.-S.D.), and the Department of Pediatrics (J.F.L.), Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital (S.A.), the Department of Medicine Huddinge (S.A.), and the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.F.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm - all in Sweden; and the Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (J.F.L.)
| | - Soo Aleman
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (T.G.S., R.T.C., A.T.C.) and the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (T.G.S., A.T.C.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (T.G.S., R.T.C., A.T.C.), Broad Institute (R.T.C., A.T.C.), and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (A.T.C.) - all in Boston; the Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health (A.-S.D.), and the Department of Pediatrics (J.F.L.), Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital (S.A.), the Department of Medicine Huddinge (S.A.), and the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.F.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm - all in Sweden; and the Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (J.F.L.)
| | - Raymond T Chung
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (T.G.S., R.T.C., A.T.C.) and the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (T.G.S., A.T.C.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (T.G.S., R.T.C., A.T.C.), Broad Institute (R.T.C., A.T.C.), and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (A.T.C.) - all in Boston; the Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health (A.-S.D.), and the Department of Pediatrics (J.F.L.), Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital (S.A.), the Department of Medicine Huddinge (S.A.), and the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.F.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm - all in Sweden; and the Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (J.F.L.)
| | - Andrew T Chan
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (T.G.S., R.T.C., A.T.C.) and the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (T.G.S., A.T.C.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (T.G.S., R.T.C., A.T.C.), Broad Institute (R.T.C., A.T.C.), and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (A.T.C.) - all in Boston; the Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health (A.-S.D.), and the Department of Pediatrics (J.F.L.), Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital (S.A.), the Department of Medicine Huddinge (S.A.), and the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.F.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm - all in Sweden; and the Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (J.F.L.)
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- From the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (T.G.S., R.T.C., A.T.C.) and the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (T.G.S., A.T.C.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School (T.G.S., R.T.C., A.T.C.), Broad Institute (R.T.C., A.T.C.), and the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (A.T.C.) - all in Boston; the Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health (A.-S.D.), and the Department of Pediatrics (J.F.L.), Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital (S.A.), the Department of Medicine Huddinge (S.A.), and the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.F.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm - all in Sweden; and the Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (J.F.L.)
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Yang LY, Luo Q, Lu L, Zhu WW, Sun HT, Wei R, Lin ZF, Wang XY, Wang CQ, Lu M, Jia HL, Chen JH, Zhang JB, Qin LX. Increased neutrophil extracellular traps promote metastasis potential of hepatocellular carcinoma via provoking tumorous inflammatory response. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:3. [PMID: 31907001 PMCID: PMC6945602 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The propensity of the activated neutrophils to form extracellular traps (NETs) is demonstrated in multiple inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated the roles of NETs in metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and further explored the underlying mechanism of how NETs affect metastasis as well as the therapeutic value. Methods The neutrophils were isolated from the blood of human HCC patients and used to evaluate the formation of NETs. The expression of NET markers was detected in tumor specimens. A LPS-induced NET model was used to investigate the role of NETs on HCC metastasis. RNA-seq was performed to identify the key molecular event triggered by NETs, and their underlying mechanism and therapeutic significance were explored using both in vitro and in vivo assays. Results NET formation was enhanced in neutrophils derived from HCC patients, especially those with metastatic HCCs. NETs trapped HCC cells and subsequently induced cell-death resistance and enhanced invasiveness to trigger their metastatic potential, which was mediated by internalization of NETs into trapped HCC cells and activation of Toll-like receptors TLR4/9-COX2 signaling. Inhibition of TLR4/9-COX2 signaling abrogated the NET-aroused metastatic potential. A combination of DNase 1 directly wrecking NETs with anti-inflammation drugs aspirin/hydroxychloroquine effectively reduced HCC metastasis in mice model. Conclusions NETs trigger tumorous inflammatory response and fuel HCC metastasis. Targeting NETs rather than neutrophils themselves can be a practice strategy against HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Ting Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Qun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu-Liang Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ju-Bo Zhang
- Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Infection Disease, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Cho KS, Sohn W, Lee YC, Chi SA, Cho JY, Kim K, Paik YH. Use of cyclooxygenase inhibitor and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A nested case-control study using a nationwide population-based data. J Viral Hepat 2020; 27:68-73. [PMID: 31505085 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of COX inhibitors and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) using a nationwide population-based data. A nested case-control study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) from 2002 to 2013 in Korea. We compared the use of COX inhibitors between HCC cases and matched controls by categorizing 5 groups according to the cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD, <28, 28-90, 91-180, 181-360, and >360) adjusting the use of antiviral agents. A total of 4980 patients with CHB were analysed as 996 HCC cases and 3984 matched controls. The number of COX inhibitor users (≥28 cDDD) was 358 patients (36%) and 1814 patients (45%) in the HCC group and control group, respectively. The use of COX inhibitors was significantly associated with a decreased risk of HCC development compared with nonusers (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52-0.73, P < .001). There was a dose-dependent inverse relationship between the use of COX inhibitors and the risk of HCC. The adjusted ORs were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.63-0.90), 0.41 (95% CI: 0.31-0.56), 0.38 (95% CI: 0.25-0.57) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.31-0.79) for the 28-90, 91-180, 181-360 and >360 cDDDs, respectively (P < .01). In conclusion, the use of COX inhibitors was associated with a reduced risk of HCC in CHB. COX inhibitor may have a chemopreventive role in HCC development in patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sun Cho
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sunkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Korea
| | - Yeong Chan Lee
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sunkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ah Chi
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sunkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-Ju, Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sunkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Han Paik
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sunkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sunkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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36
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Association of aspirin therapy with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and dose-response analysis of cohort studies with 2.5 million participants. Pharmacol Res 2019; 151:104585. [PMID: 31816436 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although aspirin is commonly used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, evidence from research has shown that these beneficial effects might extend to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This dose-response analysis was performed to investigate the association between aspirin use and risk of HCC. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases from inception up to 29th October 2019. DerSimonian and Laird Random-effects model was used to estimate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) from included studies. Overall, eight studies containing 2,604,319 participants evaluating the association between aspirin use and risk of HCC were uncovered and included in the present meta-analysis. Pooled results of included studies showed a significant reduction in risk of HCC in participants who used aspirin (HR 0.59, 95 % CI 0.47-0.75, Pheterogeneity = 0.001, I2 = 90 %). In total, 13,636 cases of HCC detected during the follow-up period of these studies. Furthermore, linear dose-response model showed an significant inverse association between aspirin dose and risk of HCC (exp (b) = 0.994, p < 0.001), while non-linear dose-response analysis revealed an even more robust association (Coef1=-0.008, p1 = 0.04, Coef2 = 0.033, p2 = 0.13). This systematic review and dose-response analysis identified significant inverse relation between aspirin and risk of HCC using both linear and non-linear models.
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Simon TG, Ma Y, Ludvigsson JF, Chong DQ, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA, Corey KE, Chung RT, Zhang X, Chan AT. Association Between Aspirin Use and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JAMA Oncol 2019; 4:1683-1690. [PMID: 30286235 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Prospective data on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to dose and duration of aspirin therapy are limited. Objective To examine the potential benefits of aspirin use for primary HCC prevention at a range of doses and durations of use within 2 prospective, nationwide populations. Design, Setting, and Participants Pooled analysis of 2 prospective US cohort studies: the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Data were accessed from November 1, 2017, through March 7, 2018. A total of 133 371 health care professionals who reported data on aspirin use, frequency, dosage, and duration of use biennially since 1980 in women and 1986 in men were included. Individuals with a cancer diagnosis at baseline (except nonmelanoma skin cancer) were excluded. Main Outcomes and Measures Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for HCC. Results Of the 133 371 participants, 87 507 were women and 45 864 were men; in 1996, the median time of follow-up, the mean (SD) age was 62 (8) years for women and 64 (8) years for men. Over more than 26 years of follow-up encompassing 4 232 188 person-years, 108 incident HCC cases (65 women, 43 men) were documented. Compared with nonregular use, regular aspirin use (≥2 standard-dose [325-mg] tablets per week) was associated with reduced HCC risk (adjusted HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.34-0.77). This benefit appeared to be dose related: compared with nonuse, the multivariable-adjusted HR for HCC was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.51-1.48) for up to 1.5 standard-dose tablets per week, 0.51 (95% CI, 0.30-0.86) for more than 1.5 to 5 tablets per week, and 0.49 (95% CI, 0.28-0.96) for more than 5 tablets per week (P for trend = .006). Significantly lower HCC risk was observed with increasing duration (P for trend = .03); this decrease was apparent with use of 1.5 or more standard-dose aspirin tablets per week for 5 or more years (adjusted HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21-0.77). In contrast, use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was not significantly associated with HCC risk (adjusted HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.78-1.51). Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that regular, long-term aspirin use is associated with a dose-dependent reduction in HCC risk, which is apparent after 5 or more years of use. Similar associations were not found with nonaspirin NSAIDs. Further research appears to be needed to clarify whether aspirin use represents a feasible strategy for primary prevention against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey G Simon
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.,Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | | | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Kathleen E Corey
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Luongo F, Colonna F, Calapà F, Vitale S, Fiori ME, De Maria R. PTEN Tumor-Suppressor: The Dam of Stemness in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1076. [PMID: 31366089 PMCID: PMC6721423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is one of the most frequently inactivated tumor suppressor genes in cancer. Loss or variation in PTEN gene/protein levels is commonly observed in a broad spectrum of human cancers, while germline PTEN mutations cause inherited syndromes that lead to increased risk of tumors. PTEN restrains tumorigenesis through different mechanisms ranging from phosphatase-dependent and independent activities, subcellular localization and protein interaction, modulating a broad array of cellular functions including growth, proliferation, survival, DNA repair, and cell motility. The main target of PTEN phosphatase activity is one of the most significant cell growth and pro-survival signaling pathway in cancer: PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Several shreds of evidence shed light on the critical role of PTEN in normal and cancer stem cells (CSCs) homeostasis, with its loss fostering the CSC compartment in both solid and hematologic malignancies. CSCs are responsible for tumor propagation, metastatic spread, resistance to therapy, and relapse. Thus, understanding how alterations of PTEN levels affect CSC hallmarks could be crucial for the development of successful therapeutic approaches. Here, we discuss the most significant findings on PTEN-mediated control of CSC state. We aim to unravel the role of PTEN in the regulation of key mechanisms specific for CSCs, such as self-renewal, quiescence/cell cycle, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT), with a particular focus on PTEN-based therapy resistance mechanisms and their exploitation for novel therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luongo
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Colonna
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Calapà
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Vitale
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Micol E Fiori
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Scientific Vice-Direction, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli"-I.R.C.C.S., Largo Francesco Vito 1-8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Ren M, McGowan E, Li Y, Zhu X, Lu X, Zhu Z, Lin Y, He S. Saikosaponin-d Suppresses COX2 Through p-STAT3/C/EBPβ Signaling Pathway in Liver Cancer: A Novel Mechanism of Action. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:623. [PMID: 31191326 PMCID: PMC6549044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin-d (SSd) is an active extract from Radix Bupleuri, the dried root from the plant Bupleurum falcatum used in China for thousands of years to treat liver diseases. The SSd extract possesses valuable pharmacological activities including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects; however, the mechanism underlying the anti-cancer activity of SSd is largely unknown. Here, we explored the mechanism of action of SSd as an anti-cancer agent for liver cancer in two human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Using MTT and annexin-V-FITC/PI assays, Western blots, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter assay, and a JAK2-specific inhibitor (AG490), we demonstrated that the anti-tumorigenic effects of SSd act through the intermediatory p-STAT3/C/EBPβ signaling pathway to suppress cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. SSd effectively inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis was significantly increased in cells treated with SSd (2.5–15 µg/ml) with concurrent increase and decrease in pro- and anti-apoptosis proteins, respectively. COX-2, C/EBPβ, and p-STAT3 were significantly decreased, at both the translational and transcriptional levels, by SSd treatment. AG490 produced similar inhibitory effects on STAT3, p-STAT3, C/EBPβ, and COX-2. In conclusion, our data suggest that SSd controls liver cancer proliferation through suppression of the p-STAT3/C/EBPβ signaling pathway inhibiting COX2 expression. These findings further our understanding of the pharmacological action of SSd, providing new information on SSd mechanism of action and showing potential for SSd as a novel therapy for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudan Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Eileen McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Yarui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhanfang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao tong University, Xi'an, China
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40
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Bioanalytical insights into the association between eicosanoids and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:269-277. [PMID: 29934821 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been noted that inflammatory were intimately associated with the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid play crucial roles in chronic inflammation. Accordingly, there is an intricate relationship between eicosanoids and HCC, being supported by the epidemiological, clinical, and basic science studies. Herein, we intend to provide bioanalytical insights into the role of eicosanoids in HCC progression, from cell proliferation, angiogenesis migration, to apoptosis. Also, the analytical methods and biochemistry of eicosanoids are described.
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41
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Tai Y, Zhang LH, Gao JH, Zhao C, Tong H, Ye C, Huang ZY, Liu R, Tang CW. Suppressing growth and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by celecoxib through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2831-2848. [PMID: 31114336 PMCID: PMC6497485 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s183376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Biomarkers are lacking in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its metabolites play crucial roles in the process of inflammation-tumor transformation. This study was aimed to detect COX-2 expression in HCC tissues and evaluate the effects of a COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, on biological behaviors of HCC cell lines in vitro. Methods: COX-2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry on a human HCC tissue microarray. The correlations of COX-2 expression with tumor clinicopathological variables and overall survival were analyzed. The proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, invasion capacity, and related signaling molecules of HCC cells after incubated with COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib were evaluated in vitro. Results: Expression levels of COX-2 in HCC tissues were significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissues. The TNM stage III-IV, tumor size >5 cm, lymphovascular invasion and distant metastasis was higher in high COX-2 expression group compared with that in low COX-2 expression group. Patients with low COX-2 expression achieved better 5-year overall survival than those with high COX-2 expression. Treatment with celecoxib was sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in HCC cells with concentration- and time-dependent manners. Celecoxib up-regulated E-cadherin protein through inhibiting COX-2-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-PGE2 receptor 2 (EP2)-p-Akt/p-ERK signaling pathway to suppress HCC cells migration and invasion. Conclusion: High COX-2 expression was associated with advanced TNM stage, larger tumor size, increased lymphovascular invasion and short survival. Targeting inhibition of COX-2 by celecoxib exhibited anti-tumor activities by suppressing proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and inhibiting the aggressive properties of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tai
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hang Gao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Tong
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yin Huang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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42
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Rex J, Lutz A, Faletti LE, Albrecht U, Thomas M, Bode JG, Borner C, Sawodny O, Merfort I. IL-1β and TNFα Differentially Influence NF-κB Activity and FasL-Induced Apoptosis in Primary Murine Hepatocytes During LPS-Induced Inflammation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:117. [PMID: 30842741 PMCID: PMC6391654 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-derived cytokines largely influence the behavior of hepatocytes during an inflammatory response. We previously reported that both TNFα and IL-1β, which are released by macrophages upon LPS stimulation, affect Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptotic signaling. Whereas TNFα preincubation leads to elevated levels of caspase-3 activity and cell death, pretreatment with IL-1β induces increased caspase-3 activity but keeps cells alive. We now report that IL-1β and TNFα differentially influence NF-κB activity resulting in a differential upregulation of target genes, which may contribute to the distinct effects on cell viability. A reduced NF-κB activation model was established to further investigate the molecular mechanisms which determine the distinct cell fate decisions after IL-1β and TNFα stimulation. To study this aspect in a more physiological setting, we used supernatants from LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The treatment of hepatocytes with the BMDM supernatant, which contains both IL-1β and TNFα, sensitized to FasL-induced caspase-3 activation and cell death. However, when TNFα action was blocked by neutralizing antibodies, cell viability after stimulation with the BMDM supernatant and FasL increased as compared to single FasL stimulation. This indicates the important role of TNFα in the sensitization of apoptosis in hepatocytes. These results give first insights into the complex interplay between macrophages and hepatocytes which may influence life/death decisions of hepatocytes during an inflammatory reaction of the liver in response to a bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rex
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Lutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura E Faletti
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Albrecht
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infection Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infection Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Borner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Sawodny
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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43
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Mahmoudvand S, Shokri S, Taherkhani R, Farshadpour F. Hepatitis C virus core protein modulates several signaling pathways involved in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:42-58. [PMID: 30643357 PMCID: PMC6328967 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection plays a major role in HCC development. The molecular mechanisms by which HCV infection leads to HCC are varied. HCV core protein is an important risk factor in HCV-associated liver pathogenesis and can modulate several signaling pathways involved in cell cycle regulation, cell growth promotion, cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. The dysregulation of signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Wnt/β-catenin (WNT), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) by HCV core protein is implicated in the development of HCC. Therefore, it has been suggested that this protein be considered a favorable target for further studies in the development of HCC. In addition, considering the axial role of these signaling pathways in HCC, they are considered druggable targets for cancer therapy. Therefore, using strategies to limit the dysregulation effects of core protein on these signaling pathways seems necessary to prevent HCV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Mahmoudvand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shokri
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farshadpour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
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44
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Zhang C, Zhou J, Hu J, Lei S, Yuan M, Chen L, Wang G, Qiu Z. Celecoxib attenuates hepatocellular proliferative capacity during hepatocarcinogenesis by modulating a PTEN/NF-κB/PRL-3 pathway. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20624-20632. [PMID: 35515542 PMCID: PMC9065693 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00429g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the efficacy of celecoxib on various cancer cell behaviors, including aberrant proliferation, in cultured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells has been demonstrated, whether celecoxib regulates cell proliferation by targeting PRL-3-associated signaling transduction during hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo has been incompletely studied. Here, we investigate the anti-proliferative efficacy of celecoxib in a rapid HCC mouse model established by hydrodynamic transfection of activated AKT and c-Met proto-oncogenes. The results show that celecoxib is effective at delaying the malignant transformation of hepatocytes by reducing the protein expression of Ki67, Cyclin D1 and c-Myc in the AKT/c-Met HCC-bearing mice. Mechanistically, celecoxib increases the protein expression of PTEN and suppresses the protein expression of NF-κB and PRL-3 in the liver of the HCC mice. Using PTEN-silenced and LPS-stimulated approaches in vitro, a mechanism by which celecoxib regulates a PTEN/NF-κB/PRL-3 pathway in HCC cells was illuminated. Altogether, our study demonstrates that celecoxib attenuates the hepatocellular proliferative capacity during hepatocarcinogenesis, which is probably attributable to its regulation of the PTEN/NF-κB/PRL-3 pathway. Celecoxib modulates the PTEN/NF-κB/PRL-3 pathway during hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junxuan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Lei
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guihong Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine
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45
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Wang Q, Lu D, Fan L, Li Y, Liu Y, Yu H, Wang H, Liu J, Sun G. COX-2 induces apoptosis-resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the HIF-1α/PKM2 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:475-488. [PMID: 30365092 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) is a key component of aerobic glycolysis and has been reported to regulate apoptosis. However, it is unclear whether PKM2 is involved in cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) induced apoptosis‑resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In the present study, it was observed that COX‑2 and PKM2 were significantly elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues compared with adjacent liver tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, their expression was positively associated with worse clinicopathological characteristics, which indicates poor prognosis in patients with HCC. COX‑2 knockdown significantly reduced the expression of PKM2 and hypoxia inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) at the mRNA and protein levels in addition to inhibiting proliferation (P<0.05), whereas apoptosis was notably increased. Furthermore, HIF‑1α and PKM2‑knockdown increased cell apoptosis without inhibiting COX‑2 expression. PKM2 inhibition did not have a marked effect on COX‑2 and HIF‑1α expression. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that HIF‑1α/PKM2 pathway‑associated metabolic changes may facilitate COX‑2‑induced apoptosis resistance in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Hanqing Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jiatao Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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46
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Burgos-Aceves MA, Cohen A, Paolella G, Lepretti M, Smith Y, Faggio C, Lionetti L. Modulation of mitochondrial functions by xenobiotic-induced microRNA: From environmental sentinel organisms to mammals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:79-88. [PMID: 30015121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in energetic metabolism, signaling pathways, and overall cell viability. They are in the first line in facing cellular energy requirements in stress conditions, such as in response to xenobiotic exposure. Recently, a novel regulatory key role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in important signaling pathways in mitochondria has been proposed. Consequently, alteration in miRNAs expression by xenobiotics could outcome into mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species overexpression, and liberation of apoptosis or necrosis activating proteins. The aim of this review is to show the highlights about mitochondria-associated miRNAs in cellular processes exposed to xenobiotic stress in different cell types involved in detoxification processes or sensitive to environmental hazards in marine sentinel organisms and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Burgos-Aceves
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Amit Cohen
- Genomic Data Analysis Unit, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Marilena Lepretti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Yoav Smith
- Genomic Data Analysis Unit, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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47
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Qiu Z, Zhang C, Zhou J, Hu J, Sheng L, Li X, Chen L, Li X, Deng X, Zheng G. Celecoxib alleviates AKT/c-Met-triggered rapid hepatocarcinogenesis by suppressing a novel COX-2/AKT/FASN cascade. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:31-41. [PMID: 30182439 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib shows efficacy against multiple cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. However, whether celecoxib is effective in alleviating steatosis during hepatocarcinogenesis is unknown. In a rapid hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mouse model established via hydrodynamic transfection of activated forms of AKT and c-Met proto-oncogenes, we investigated the antisteatotic and anticarcinogenic efficacy of celecoxib in vivo. Multiple HCC cell lines were employed for in vitro evaluation. Additionally, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin staining and Oil Red O staining were applied for mechanistic investigation. The results revealed that if celecoxib was administered in the early stage of AKT/c-Met-induced HCC, it resulted in disease stabilization. Moreover, celecoxib could alleviate lipid accumulation in the HCC mice and in an oleic acid-induced in vitro hepatic steatosis model. Further evidence at the molecular level indicated that celecoxib down-regulated the expression of phospho-ERK (Thr202/Tyr204) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the HCC mice. In addition, celecoxib efficiently repressed the phosphor-Akt (Thr308)/fatty acid synthase (FASN) axis both in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, this study suggests that celecoxib exerts its antilipogenic efficacy by targeting a COX-2/AKT/FASN cascade, which contributes to its ability to delay hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxuan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xukun Deng
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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48
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Synergistic antiproliferative effects of curcumin and celecoxib in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1399-1410. [PMID: 30155693 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a leading cancer killer in the community. Molecular targeted therapy with celecoxib (CXB) has shown promising antitumor effects; however, its use may be limited due to serious side effects. Curcumin (CUR) has also shown beneficial effects against HCC. Then, it was aimed to investigate the effects of adding CUR to CXB on HCC HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with CXB and/or CUR at increasing concentrations to investigate synergistic drug interactions, as calculated combination index (CI). Combination treatment effects on cell viability and caspase-3 activation were assessed. The levels of Akt, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), malondialdehyde (MDA), cyclin D1 (CD1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also evaluated. CXB (3.13-100 μM) and/or CUR (1.25-40 μM) reduced HepG2 cell viability dose-dependently. Nevertheless, lower combined concentrations showed higher synergism (CI < 1) and higher CXB dose reduction index (DRI > 1). Also, the addition of CUR to CXB resulted in increased cytotoxicity and caspase-3 activation, as compared to CXB alone. In addition, the selected combination significantly reduced the levels of Akt, NF-κB, PGE2, MDA, CD1, and VEGF, as compared to either agent alone. In conclusion, CUR augmented the CXB-mediated antitumor effects in HepG2 cells through, at least in part, antiproliferative, antioxidant, and pro-apoptotic mechanisms. This may allow the further use of CXB at lower concentrations, combined with CUR, as a promising safer targeted strategy for HCC management.
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49
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Lin CK, Tseng CK, Liaw CC, Huang CY, Wei CK, Sheu JH, Lee JC. Lobohedleolide suppresses hepatitis C virus replication via JNK/c-Jun-C/EBP-mediated down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8676. [PMID: 29875371 PMCID: PMC5989199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infects 2–3% people of the global population, which leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug resistance remains a serious problem that limits the effectiveness of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs against HCV proteins. The objective of our study was to discover new antivirals from natural products to supplement current therapeutics. We demonstrated that lobohedleolide, isolated from the Formosan soft coral Lobophytum crassum, significantly reduced HCV replication in replicon cells and JFH-1 infection system, with EC50 values of 10 ± 0.56 and 22 ± 0.75 μM, respectively, at non-toxic concentrations. We further observed that the inhibitory effect of lobohedleolide on HCV replication is due to suppression of HCV-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Based on deletion-mutant analysis of the COX-2 promoter, we identified CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) as a key transcription factor for the down-regulation of COX-2 by lobohedleolide, through which lobohedleolide decreased the phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase and c-Jun to suppress HCV-induced C/EBP expression. The combination treatment of lobohedleolide with clinically used HCV drugs synergistically reduced HCV RNA replication, indicating that lobohedleolide exhibited a high biomedical potential to be used as a supplementary therapeutic agent to control HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuang Liaw
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yao Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ku Wei
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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50
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Chu T, Chan H, Hu T, Wang E, Ma Y, Huang S, Wu J, Chang Y, Weng W, Wen Z, Wu D, Chen YA, Tai M. Celecoxib enhances the therapeutic efficacy of epirubicin for Novikoff hepatoma in rats. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2567-2580. [PMID: 29683262 PMCID: PMC6010827 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epirubicin is a chemotherapy agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the outcome of HCC patients receiving epirubicin remains unsatisfactory. Moreover, our previous study indicated that celecoxib suppresses HCC progression and liver cancer stemness. This study evaluated the potential of celecoxib to serve as a complementary therapy during epirubicin treatment. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasiveness, and anchorage-independent growth were analyzed in hepatoma cells. Therapeutic efficacy was validated in rat orthotopic Novikoff hepatoma. After animal sacrifice, the antitumor mechanism of celecoxib and epirubicin combined therapy was investigated by histological analysis. Celecoxib enhanced the cytotoxic activity of epirubicin in HCC cells by promoting apoptosis. Besides, celecoxib potentiated the antineoplastic function of epirubicin in inhibiting the invasiveness and anchorage-independent growth of HCC cells. Ultrasound monitoring showed that combined therapy was more potent than either therapy alone in perturbing HCC progression. Consistently, the size and weight of dissected HCC tissues from rats receiving combined therapy were smallest among all groups. HCC treated with combined therapy exhibited the highest prevalence of apoptotic cells, which was accompanied by reduced proliferating and angiogenic activities in tumor tissues. Moreover, the expression levels of cancer stemness markers (CD44 and CD133) and drug transporter MDR-1 were significantly diminished in rats receiving combined therapy. Besides, celecoxib treatment increased the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and reduced the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and the expression of immune checkpoint PD-L1 in HCC tissues during epirubicin therapy. Celecoxib augmented the therapeutic efficacy while modulated cancer stemness and antitumor immunity. Thus, celecoxib may serve as complementary therapy to improve the outcome of patients with advanced HCC during epirubicin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Huei Chu
- Center for NeuroscienceNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Hoi‐Hung Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- School of MedicineNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- College of Pharmacy & Health CareTajen UniversityPingtung CountyTaiwan
- Department of Biological SciencesNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Tsung‐Hui Hu
- Division of Hepato‐GastroenterologyDepartment of Internal MedicineChang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung Medical CenterChang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - E‐Ming Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Biological SciencesNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Ling Ma
- Division of NephrologyKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Chung Huang
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Armed Forces General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Jian‐Ching Wu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine BiotechnologyNational Sun Yat‐Sen University and Academia SinicaKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chen Chang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine BiotechnologyNational Sun Yat‐Sen University and Academia SinicaKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Tsan Weng
- Department of Medical ResearchKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and DiagonsticsDepartment of PediatricsKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Zhi‐Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and ResourcesAsia‐Pacific Ocean Research CenterNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Deng‐Chyang Wu
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Center for Stem Cell ResearchKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineCollege of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Ming Arthur Chen
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer ResearchKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Medical Research and Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Hong Tai
- Center for NeuroscienceNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine BiotechnologyNational Sun Yat‐Sen University and Academia SinicaKaohsiungTaiwan
- Center for Stem Cell ResearchKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
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