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Piszczatowska K, Czerwaty K, Dżaman K, Jermakow N, Brzost J, Kantor I, Ludwig N, Szczepański MJ. Evaluation of CNPase and TGFβ1/Smad Signalling Pathway Molecule Expression in Sinus Epithelial Tissues of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with (CRSwNP) and without Nasal Polyps (CRSsNP). J Pers Med 2024; 14:894. [PMID: 39338148 PMCID: PMC11433593 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14090894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps (CRSwNP and CRSsNP, respectively) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting almost 5 to 12% of the population and exhibiting high recurrence rates after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). TGFβ1-related pathways contribute to tissue remodelling, which is one of the key aspects of CRS pathogenesis. Additionally, adenosine signalling participates in inflammatory processes, and CNPase was shown to elevate adenosine levels by metabolizing cyclic monophosphates. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the expression levels of Smad2, pSmad3, TGFβ1, and CNPase protein via immunohistochemistry in sinus epithelial tissues from patients with CRSwNP (n = 20), CRSsNP (n = 23), and non-CRS patients (n = 8). The expression of Smad2, pSmad3, TGFβ1, and CNPase was observed in the sinus epithelium and subepithelial area of all three groups of patients, and their expression correlated with several clinical symptoms of CRS. Smad2 expression was increased in CRSsNP patients compared to CRSwNP patients and controls (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), pSmad3 expression was elevated in CRSwNP patients compared to controls (p = 0.007), TGFβ1 expression was elevated in CRSwNP patients compared to controls (p = 0.009), and CNPase was decreased in CRSsNP patients compared to controls (p = 0.03). To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate CNPase expression in the upper airway epithelium of CRSwNP, CRSsNP, and non-CRS patients and point out a putative synergy between CNPase and TGFβ1/Smad signalling in CRS pathogenesis that emerges as a novel still undiscovered aspect of CRS pathogenesis; further studies are needed to explore its function in the course of the chronic inflammation of the upper airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Piszczatowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (N.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Czerwaty
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (K.D.); (I.K.)
| | - Karolina Dżaman
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (K.D.); (I.K.)
| | - Natalia Jermakow
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jacek Brzost
- The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Kantor
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (K.D.); (I.K.)
| | - Nils Ludwig
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (N.L.)
| | - Mirosław J. Szczepański
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (N.L.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (K.C.); (K.D.); (I.K.)
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2
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Markusson S, Raasakka A, Schröder M, Sograte-Idrissi S, Rahimi AM, Asadpour O, Körner H, Lodygin D, Eichel-Vogel MA, Chowdhury R, Sutinen A, Muruganandam G, Iyer M, Cooper MH, Weigel MK, Ambiel N, Werner HB, Zuchero JB, Opazo F, Kursula P. Nanobodies against the myelin enzyme CNPase as tools for structural and functional studies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.25.595513. [PMID: 38826303 PMCID: PMC11142274 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.25.595513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) is an abundant constituent of central nervous system non-compact myelin, frequently used as a marker antigen for myelinating cells. The catalytic activity of CNPase, the 3'-hydrolysis of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides, is well characterised in vitro, but the in vivo function of CNPase remains unclear. CNPase interacts with the actin cytoskeleton to counteract the developmental closure of cytoplasmic channels that travel through compact myelin; its enzymatic activity may be involved in adenosine metabolism and RNA degradation. We developed a set of high-affinity nanobodies recognizing the phosphodiesterase domain of CNPase, and the crystal structures of each complex show that the five nanobodies have distinct epitopes. One of the nanobodies bound deep into the CNPase active site and acted as an inhibitor. Moreover, the nanobodies were characterised in imaging applications and as intrabodies, expressed in mammalian cells, such as primary oligodendrocytes. Fluorescently labelled nanobodies functioned in imaging of teased nerve fibers and whole brain tissue sections, as well as super-resolution microscopy. These anti-CNPase nanobodies provide new tools for structural and functional biology of myelination, including high-resolution imaging of nerve tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neurosurgery Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marcel Schröder
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shama Sograte-Idrissi
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amir Mohammad Rahimi
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ommolbanin Asadpour
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henrike Körner
- Department for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dmitri Lodygin
- Department for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria A. Eichel-Vogel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Risha Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aleksi Sutinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Gopinath Muruganandam
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Manasi Iyer
- Neurosurgery Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Madeline H. Cooper
- Neurosurgery Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maya K. Weigel
- Neurosurgery Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Ambiel
- Neurosurgery Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hauke B. Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - J. Bradley Zuchero
- Neurosurgery Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Felipe Opazo
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- NanoTag Biotechnologies GmbH, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
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3
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Liang S, Zhang Q, Wang F, Wang S, Li G, Jiang D, Zeng H. 2',3' cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase 1 functional isoform antagonizes HIV-1 particle assembly. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302188. [PMID: 38167610 PMCID: PMC10761555 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
IFN-stimulated gene 2',3' cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase (CNP) comprises two isoforms: the short CNP1 and the long CNP2, featuring an additional N-terminal segment of 20 amino acids (N20aa) proposed as a mitochondrial targeting sequence. Notably, CNP1 can be produced by cleaving the N20aa segment from CNP2. Although previous investigations have recognized the HIV-1 particle assembly impairment capability of CNP2, the antiviral activity of CNP1 remains ambiguous. Our study clarifies that CNP1, as opposed to CNP2, serves as the primary isoform exerting anti-HIV-1 activity. Both CNP1 and CNP2 can localize to the cell membrane, but the N20aa segment of CNP2 impedes CNP2-HIV-1 Gag interaction. Cleavage of the N20aa segment from CNP2 results in the formation of a functional, truncated form known as CNP1. Intriguingly, this posttranslational processing of CNP2 N20aa occurs within the cytoplasmic matrix rather than the mitochondria. Regulated by CTII motif prenylation, CNP1 proteins translocate to the cell membrane and engage with HIV-1 Gag. In conclusion, our findings underscore the pivotal role of posttranslational modification in governing the inhibitory potential of CNP in HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntao Liang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Prehn A, Hobusch C, Härtig W, Michalski D, Krueger M, Flachmeyer B. Increasing reproducibility in preclinical stroke research: the correlation of immunofluorescence intensity measurements and Western blot analyses strongly depends on antibody clonality and tissue pre-treatment in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1183232. [PMID: 37342767 PMCID: PMC10277931 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1183232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the setting of stroke, ischemia not only impairs neuronal function, but also detrimentally affects the different components of the neurovascular unit, which are shown to be involved in the transition from reversible to long-lasting tissue damage. In this context, the glial proteins myelin basic protein (MBP) and the 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) as well as the vasculature-associated basement membrane proteins laminin and collagen IV have been identified as ischemia-sensitive elements. However, available data from immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses are often found to be contradictory, which renders interpretation of the respective data rather difficult. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of tissue pre-treatment and antibody clonality on immunofluorescence measurements of the mentioned proteins in a highly reproducible model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Here, immunofluorescence labeling using polyclonal antibodies revealed an increased immunofluorescence intensity of MBP, CNP, laminin and collagen IV in ischemic areas, although Western blot analyses did not reveal increased protein levels. Importantly, contrary to polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal ones did not provide increased fluorescence intensities in ischemic areas. Further, we were able to demonstrate that different ways of tissue pre-treatment including paraformaldehyde fixation and antigen retrieval may not only impact on fluorescence intensity measurements in general, but rather one-sidedly affect either ischemic or unaffected tissue. Therefore, immunofluorescence intensity measurements do not necessarily correlate with the actual protein levels, especially in ischemia-affected tissue and should always be complemented by different techniques to enhance reproducibility and to hopefully overcome the translational roadblock from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Prehn
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Martin Krueger
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Ramirez-Franco J, Debreux K, Extremet J, Maulet Y, Belghazi M, Villard C, Sangiardi M, Youssouf F, El Far L, Lévêque C, Debarnot C, Marchot P, Paneva S, Debanne D, Russier M, Seagar M, Irani SR, El Far O. Patient-derived antibodies reveal the subcellular distribution and heterogeneous interactome of LGI1. Brain 2022; 145:3843-3858. [PMID: 35727946 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) occur in patients with encephalitis who present with frequent focal seizures and a pattern of amnesia consistent with focal hippocampal damage. To investigate whether the cellular and subcellular distribution of LGI1 may explain the localization of these features, and hence gain broader insights into LGI1's neurobiology, we analysed the detailed localization of LGI1 and the diversity of its protein interactome, in mouse brains using patient-derived recombinant monoclonal LGI1 antibodies. Combined immunofluorescence and mass spectrometry analyses showed that LGI1 is enriched in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic contact sites, most densely within CA3 regions of the hippocampus. LGI1 is secreted in both neuronal somatodendritic and axonal compartments, and occurs in oligodendrocytic, neuro-oligodendrocytic and astro-microglial protein complexes. Proteomic data support the presence of LGI1-Kv1-MAGUK complexes, but did not reveal LGI1 complexes with postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Our results extend our understanding of regional, cellular and subcellular LGI1 expression profiles and reveal novel LGI1-associated complexes, thus providing insights into the complex biology of LGI1 and its relationship to seizures and memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ramirez-Franco
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Kévin Debreux
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Johanna Extremet
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Yves Maulet
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Maya Belghazi
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Institute of Neurophysiopathology (INP), PINT, PFNT, 13385 cedex 5 Marseille, France
| | - Claude Villard
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Institute of Neurophysiopathology (INP), PINT, PFNT, 13385 cedex 5 Marseille, France
| | - Marion Sangiardi
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Fahamoe Youssouf
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Lara El Far
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Christian Lévêque
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Claire Debarnot
- Laboratoire 'Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)', CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 cedex 09 Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Marchot
- Laboratoire 'Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)', CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 cedex 09 Marseille, France
| | - Sofija Paneva
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dominique Debanne
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Michael Russier
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Michael Seagar
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Sarosh R Irani
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Oussama El Far
- INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), UMR 1072, Unité de Neurobiologie des canaux Ioniques et de la Synapse, 13015 Marseille, France
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6
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Tomas-Roig J, Ramasamy S, Zbarsky D, Havemann-Reinecke U, Hoyer-Fender S. Psychosocial stress and cannabinoid drugs affect acetylation of α-tubulin (K40) and gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of adult mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274352. [PMID: 36129937 PMCID: PMC9491557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of neuronal microtubules are essential for brain plasticity. Vesicular transport and synaptic transmission, additionally, requires acetylation of α-tubulin, and aberrant tubulin acetylation and neurobiological deficits are associated. Prolonged exposure to a stressor or consumption of drugs of abuse, like marihuana, lead to neurological changes and psychotic disorders. Here, we studied the effect of psychosocial stress and the administration of cannabinoid receptor type 1 drugs on α-tubulin acetylation in different brain regions of mice. We found significantly decreased tubulin acetylation in the prefrontal cortex in stressed mice. The impact of cannabinoid drugs on stress-induced microtubule disturbance was investigated by administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212–2 and/or antagonist rimonabant. In both, control and stressed mice, the administration of WIN55,212–2 slightly increased the tubulin acetylation in the prefrontal cortex whereas administration of rimonabant acted antagonistically indicating a cannabinoid receptor type 1 mediated effect. The analysis of gene expression in the prefrontal cortex showed a consistent expression of ApoE attributable to either psychosocial stress or administration of the cannabinoid agonist. Additionally, ApoE expression inversely correlated with acetylated tubulin levels when comparing controls and stressed mice treated with WIN55,212–2 whereas rimonabant treatment showed the opposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Tomas-Roig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology–Developmental Biology, GZMB, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (JTR); (SHF)
| | - Shyam Ramasamy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology–Developmental Biology, GZMB, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana Zbarsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology–Developmental Biology, GZMB, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Hoyer-Fender
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology–Developmental Biology, GZMB, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (JTR); (SHF)
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7
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Bullock G, Johnson GS, Mhlanga-Mutangadura T, Petesch SC, Thompson S, Goebbels S, Katz ML. Lysosomal storage disease associated with a CNP sequence variant in Dalmatian dogs. Gene X 2022; 830:146513. [PMID: 35447247 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A progressive neurological disorder was identified in purebred Dalmatian dogs. The disease is characterized by anxiety, pacing and circling, hypersensitivity, cognitive decline, sleep disturbance, loss of coordination, loss of control over urination and defecation, and visual impairment. Neurological signs first became apparent when the dogs were approximately 18 months of age and progressed slowly. Two affected littermates were euthanized at approximately 7 years, 5 months and 8 years, 2 months of age due to the severity of neurological impairment. The mother of the affected dogs and four other relatives exhibited milder, later-onset neurological signs. Pronounced accumulations of autofluorescent intracellular inclusions were found in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, optic nerve, and cardiac muscle of the affected dogs. These inclusions co-localized with immunolabeling of the lysosomal marker protein LAMP2 and bound antibodies to mitochondrial ATPase subunit c, indicating that the dogs suffered from a lysosomal storage disease with similarities to the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that the storage bodies were surrounded by a single-layer membrane, but the storage granules were distinct from those reported for other lysosomal storage diseases. Whole genome sequences, generated with DNA from the two euthanized Dalmatians, both contained a rare, homozygous single-base deletion and reading-frame shift in CNP which encodes the enzyme CNPase (EC 3.1.4.37). The late-onset disease was exhibited by five of seven related Dalmatians that were heterozygous for the deletion allele and over 8 years of age, whereas none of 16 age-matched reference-allele homozygotes developed neurologic signs. No CNPase antigen could be detected with immunohistochemical labeling in tissues from the dogs with the earlier-onset disorder. Similar to the later-onset Dalmatians, autofluorescent storage granules were apparent in brain and cardiac tissue from transgenic mice that were nullizygous for Cnp. Based on the clinical signs, the histopathological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular-genetic findings, and the finding that nullizygous Cnp mice accumulate autofluorescent storage granules, we propose that the earlier-onset Dalmatian disorder is a novel lysosomal storage disease that results from a loss-of-function mutation in CNP and that shares features characteristic of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. That the later-onset disorder occurred only in dogs heterozygous for the CNP deletion variant suggests that this disorder is a result of the variant allele's presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Bullock
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gary S Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tendai Mhlanga-Mutangadura
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Scott C Petesch
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Sandra Goebbels
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin L Katz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
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8
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Ostermeier M, Heinz S, Hamm J, Zabret J, Rast A, Klingl A, Nowaczyk MM, Nickelsen J. Thylakoid attachment to the plasma membrane in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 requires the AncM protein. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:655-678. [PMID: 34665262 PMCID: PMC8846179 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoids are the highly specialized internal membrane systems that harbor the photosynthetic electron transport machinery in cyanobacteria and in chloroplasts. In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, thylakoid membranes (TMs) are arranged in peripheral sheets that occasionally converge on the plasma membrane (PM) to form thylakoid convergence membranes (TCMs). TCMs connect several thylakoid sheets and form local contact sites called thylapses between the two membrane systems, at which the early steps of photosystem II (PSII) assembly occur. The protein CurT is one of the main drivers of TCM formation known so far. Here, we identify, by whole-genome sequencing of a curT- suppressor strain, the protein anchor of convergence membranes (AncM) as a factor required for the attachment of thylakoids to the PM at thylapses. An ancM- mutant is shown to have a photosynthetic phenotype characterized by reductions in oxygen-evolution rate, PSII accumulation, and PS assembly. Moreover, the ancM- strain exhibits an altered thylakoid ultrastructure with additional sheets and TCMs detached from the PM. By combining biochemical studies with fluorescence and correlative light-electron microscopy-based approaches, we show that AncM is an integral membrane protein located in biogenic TCMs that form thylapses. These data suggest an antagonistic function of AncM and CurT in shaping TM ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ostermeier
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Steffen Heinz
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Julia Hamm
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Jure Zabret
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Anna Rast
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Department of Plant Development, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Marc M Nowaczyk
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
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Wang P, Ma K, Yang L, Zhang G, Ye M, Wang S, Wei S, Chen Z, Gu J, Zhang L, Niu J, Tao S. Predicting signaling pathways regulating demyelination in a rat model of lithium-pilocarpine-induced acute epilepsy: A proteomics study. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1457-1470. [PMID: 34742844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Demyelination is observed in animal models of intractable epilepsy (IE). Epileptogenesis damages the myelin sheath and dysregulates oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) development. However, the molecular pathways regulating demyelination in epilepsy are unclear. Here, we predicted the molecular mechanisms regulating demyelination in a rat model of lithium-pilocarpine hydrochloride-induced epilepsy. We identified DGKA/Mboat2/Inpp5j and NOS/Keratin 28 as the main target molecules that regulate demyelination via glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling, and estrogen signaling in demyelinated forebrain slice cultures (FSCs). In seizure-like FCSs, the actin cytoskeleton was regulated by Cnp and MBP via Pak4/Tmsb4x (also known as Tβ4) and Kif5c/Kntc1. Tβ4 possibly prevented OPC differentiation and maturation and inhibited MBP phosphorylation via the p38MAPK/ERK1/JNK1 pathway. The MAPK signaling pathway was more likely activated in seizure-like FCSs than in demyelinated FCSs. pMBP expression was decreased in the hippocampus of lithium-pilocarpine hydrochloride-induced acute epilepsy rats. The expression of remyelination-related factors was suppressed in the hippocampus and corpus callosum in lithium-pilocarpine hydrochloride-induced epilepsy rats. These findings suggest that the actin cytoskeleton, Tβ4, and MAPK signaling pathways regulate the decrease in pMBP in the hippocampus in a rat model of epilepsy. Our results indicate that regulating the actin cytoskeleton, Tβ4, and MAPK signaling pathways may facilitate the prevention of demyelination in IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Kang Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Mengyi Ye
- Ningxia Medical University College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zhangping Chen
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jinghai Gu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lianxiang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jianguo Niu
- Department of Anatomy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Sun Tao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
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10
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Murgia M, Nogara L, Baraldo M, Reggiani C, Mann M, Schiaffino S. Protein profile of fiber types in human skeletal muscle: a single-fiber proteomics study. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:24. [PMID: 34727990 PMCID: PMC8561870 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human skeletal muscle is composed of three major fiber types, referred to as type 1, 2A, and 2X fibers. This heterogeneous cellular composition complicates the interpretation of studies based on whole skeletal muscle lysate. A single-fiber proteomics approach is required to obtain a fiber-type resolved quantitative information on skeletal muscle pathophysiology. METHODS Single fibers were dissected from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies of young adult males and processed for mass spectrometry-based single-fiber proteomics. We provide and analyze a resource dataset based on relatively pure fibers, containing at least 80% of either MYH7 (marker of slow type 1 fibers), MYH2 (marker of fast 2A fibers), or MYH1 (marker of fast 2X fibers). RESULTS In a dataset of more than 3800 proteins detected by single-fiber proteomics, we selected 404 proteins showing a statistically significant difference among fiber types. We identified numerous type 1 or 2X fiber type-specific protein markers, defined as proteins present at 3-fold or higher levels in these compared to other fiber types. In contrast, we could detect only two 2A-specific protein markers in addition to MYH2. We observed three other major patterns: proteins showing a differential distribution according to the sequence 1 > 2A > 2X or 2X > 2A > 1 and type 2-specific proteins expressed in 2A and 2X fibers at levels 3 times greater than in type 1 fibers. In addition to precisely quantifying known fiber type-specific protein patterns, our study revealed several novel features of fiber type specificity, including the selective enrichment of components of the dystrophin and integrin complexes, as well as microtubular proteins, in type 2X fibers. The fiber type-specific distribution of some selected proteins revealed by proteomics was validated by immunofluorescence analyses with specific antibodies. CONCLUSION We here show that numerous muscle proteins, including proteins whose function is unknown, are selectively enriched in specific fiber types, pointing to potential implications in muscle pathophysiology. This reinforces the notion that single-fiber proteomics, together with recently developed approaches to single-cell proteomics, will be instrumental to explore and quantify muscle cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Murgia
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Baraldo
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
- Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, 6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Type I interferon remodels lysosome function and modifies intestinal epithelial defense. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29862-29871. [PMID: 33172989 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010723117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelle remodeling is critical for cellular homeostasis, but host factors that control organelle function during microbial infection remain largely uncharacterized. Here, a genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 screen in intestinal epithelial cells with the prototypical intracellular bacterial pathogen Salmonella led us to discover that type I IFN (IFN-I) remodels lysosomes. Even in the absence of infection, IFN-I signaling modified the localization, acidification, protease activity, and proteomic profile of lysosomes. Proteomic and genetic analyses revealed that multiple IFN-I-stimulated genes including IFITM3, SLC15A3, and CNP contribute to lysosome acidification. IFN-I-dependent lysosome acidification was associated with elevated intracellular Salmonella virulence gene expression, rupture of the Salmonella-containing vacuole, and host cell death. Moreover, IFN-I signaling promoted in vivo Salmonella pathogenesis in the intestinal epithelium where Salmonella initiates infection, indicating that IFN-I signaling can modify innate defense in the epithelial compartment. We propose that IFN-I control of lysosome function broadly impacts host defense against diverse viral and microbial pathogens.
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12
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Olga K, Yulia B, Vassilios P. The Functions of Mitochondrial 2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide-3'-Phosphodiesterase and Prospects for Its Future. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093217. [PMID: 32370072 PMCID: PMC7246452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide-3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) is a myelin-associated enzyme that catalyzes the phosphodiester hydrolysis of 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotides to 2’-nucleotides. However, its presence is also found in unmyelinated cells and other cellular structures. Understanding of its specific physiological functions, particularly in unmyelinated cells, is still incomplete. This review concentrates on the role of mitochondrial CNPase (mtCNPase), independent of myelin. mtCNPase is able to regulate the functioning of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), and thus is involved in the mechanisms of cell death, both apoptosis and necrosis. Its participation in the development of various diseases and pathological conditions, such as aging, heart disease and alcohol dependence, is also reviewed. As such, mtCNPase can be considered as a potential target for the development of therapeutic strategies in the treatment of mitochondria-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krestinina Olga
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow region, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Baburina Yulia
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow region, Russia;
| | - Papadopoulos Vassilios
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
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13
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CNP deficiency causes severe hypomyelinating leukodystrophy in humans. Hum Genet 2020; 139:615-622. [PMID: 32128616 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myelin pathologies are an important cause of multifactorial, e.g., multiple sclerosis, and Mendelian, e.g., leukodystrophy, neurological disorders. CNP encodes a major component of myelin and its CNS expression is exclusive to myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. Deficiency of CNP in mouse causes a lethal white matter neurodegenerative phenotype. However, a corresponding human phenotype has not been described to date. Here, we describe a multiplex consanguineous family from Oman in which multiple affected members display a remarkably consistent phenotype of neuroregression with profound brain white matter loss. A novel homozygous missense variant in CNP was identified by combined autozygome/exome analysis. Immunoblot analysis suggests that this is a null allele in patient fibroblasts, which display abnormal F-actin organization. Our results suggest the establishment of a novel CNP-related hypomyelinating leukodystrophy in humans.
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14
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Raasakka A, Kursula P. Flexible Players within the Sheaths: The Intrinsically Disordered Proteins of Myelin in Health and Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020470. [PMID: 32085570 PMCID: PMC7072810 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin ensheathes selected axonal segments within the nervous system, resulting primarily in nerve impulse acceleration, as well as mechanical and trophic support for neurons. In the central and peripheral nervous systems, various proteins that contribute to the formation and stability of myelin are present, which also harbor pathophysiological roles in myelin disease. Many myelin proteins have common attributes, including small size, hydrophobic segments, multifunctionality, longevity, and regions of intrinsic disorder. With recent advances in protein biophysical characterization and bioinformatics, it has become evident that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are abundant in myelin, and their flexible nature enables multifunctionality. Here, we review known myelin IDPs, their conservation, molecular characteristics and functions, and their disease relevance, along with open questions and speculations. We place emphasis on classifying the molecular details of IDPs in myelin, and we correlate these with their various functions, including susceptibility to post-translational modifications, function in protein–protein and protein–membrane interactions, as well as their role as extended entropic chains. We discuss how myelin pathology can relate to IDPs and which molecular factors are potentially involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, NO-5009 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, NO-5009 Bergen, Norway;
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7A, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
- Correspondence:
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15
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Chen SY, Lin MC, Tsai JS, He PL, Luo WT, Chiu IM, Herschman HR, Li HJ. Exosomal 2',3'-CNP from mesenchymal stem cells promotes hippocampus CA1 neurogenesis/neuritogenesis and contributes to rescue of cognition/learning deficiencies of damaged brain. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:499-517. [PMID: 31943851 PMCID: PMC7103625 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in clinical studies to treat neurological diseases and damage. However, implanted MSCs do not achieve their regenerative effects by differentiating into and replacing neural cells. Instead, MSC secretome components mediate the regenerative effects of MSCs. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)/exosomes carry cargo responsible for rescuing brain damage. We previously showed that EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes have enhanced regenerative potential to rescue hippocampal damage, compared with EVs/exosomes from untreated MSCs. Here we show that EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes promote neurosphere formation in vitro and increase neurogenesis and neuritogenesis in damaged hippocampi; basal MSC EVs/exosomes do not contribute to these regenerative effects. 2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) levels in EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes are 20-fold higher than CNP levels in basal MSC EVs/exosomes. Decreasing elevated exosomal CNP levels in EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes reduced the efficacy of these EVs/exosomes in promoting β3-tubulin polymerization and in converting toxic 2',3'-cAMP into neuroprotective adenosine. CNP-depleted EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes lost the ability to promote neurogenesis and neuritogenesis in damaged hippocampi. Systemic administration of EV/exosomes from EP4 -antagonist derived MSC EVs/exosomes repaired cognition, learning, and memory deficiencies in mice caused by hippocampal damage. In contrast, CNP-depleted EP4 antagonist-induced MSC EVs/exosomes failed to repair this damage. Exosomal CNP contributes to the ability of EP4 antagonist-elicited MSC EVs/exosomes to promote neurogenesis and neuritogenesis in damaged hippocampi and recovery of cognition, memory, and learning. This experimental approach should be generally applicable to identifying the role of EV/exosomal components in eliciting a variety of biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yin Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shiuan Tsai
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin He
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ting Luo
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Harvey R Herschman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hua-Jung Li
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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16
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Mages B, Aleithe S, Blietz A, Krueger M, Härtig W, Michalski D. Simultaneous alterations of oligodendrocyte-specific CNP, astrocyte-specific AQP4 and neuronal NF-L demarcate ischemic tissue after experimental stroke in mice. Neurosci Lett 2019; 711:134405. [PMID: 31374325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke not only affects neurons, but also glial and vascular elements. The development of novel neuroprotective strategies thus requires an improved pathophysiological understanding of ischemia-affected cell types that comprise the 'neurovascular unit' (NVU). To explore spatiotemporal alterations of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and neurons after experimental ischemic stroke, we applied a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model in mice for 4 and 24 h. Using fluorescence microscopy, the oligodendrocyte marker 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNP), the neuronal neurofilament light chain (NF-L) and the astroglial aquaporin-4 (AQP4) were analyzed in regional relation to one another. Immunofluorescence intensities of CNP and NF-L were simultaneously increased in the ischemic neocortex and striatum. AQP4 immunoreactivity was decreased in the ischemic striatum, which represents the initial and potentially strongest affected site of infarction. The more distant ischemic neocortex and infarct border zones exhibited areas with alternately increased or decreased AQP4 immunoreactivity, leading to an increase of fluorescence intensity in total. Further, deformed CNP-immunopositive processes were found around axonal spheroids, indicating a combined affection of oligodendrocytes and neurons due to ischemia. Importantly, altered AQP4 immunosignals were not limited to the ischemic core, but were also detectable in penumbral areas. This applies for CNP and NF-L also, since altered immunosignals of all three markers coincided regionally at both time points. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence for a simultaneous affection of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and neurons after experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Consequently, CNP, AQP4 and NF-L immunofluorescence alterations can be utilized to identify ischemia-affected tissue. The simultaneity of the described alterations further strengthens the concept of interdependent NVU components and distinguishes NF-L, CNP and AQP4 as highly ischemia-sensitive elements. Consequently, future therapeutic approaches might influence stroke evolution via strategies simultaneously addressing both neuronal and glial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Mages
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Darville LNF, Sokolowski BHA. Label-free quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of differential protein expression in the developing cochlear sensory epithelium. Proteome Sci 2018; 16:15. [PMID: 30127667 PMCID: PMC6091194 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-018-0144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sensory epithelium of the inner ear converts the mechanical energy of sound to electro-chemical energy recognized by the central nervous system. This process is mediated by receptor cells known as hair cells that express proteins in a timely fashion with the onset of hearing. Methods The proteomes of 3, 14, and 30 day-old mice cochlear sensory epithelia were revealed, using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap). Statistical analysis using a one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test was used to show significant differences in protein expression. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to observe networks of differentially expressed proteins, their biological processes, and associated diseases, while Cytoscape software was used to determine putative interactions with select biomarker proteins. These candidate biomarkers were further verified using Western blotting, while coimmunoprecipitation was used to verify putative partners determined using bioinformatics. Results We show that a comparison across all three proteomes shows that there are 447 differentially expressed proteins, with 387 differentially expressed between postnatal day 3 and 30. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed ~ 62% of postnatal day 3 downregulated proteins are involved in neurological diseases. Several proteins are expressed exclusively on P3, including Parvin α, Drebrin1 (Drb1), Secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC), Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 10 (Tmed10). Coimmunoprecipitations showed that Parvin and SPARC interact with integrin-linked protein kinase and the large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, respectively. Conclusions Quantitative mass spectrometry revealed the identification of numerous differentially regulated proteins over three days of postnatal development. These data provide insights into functional pathways regulating normal sensory and supporting cell development in the cochlea that include potential biomarkers. Interacting partners of two of these markers suggest the importance of these complexes in regulating cellular structure and synapse development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12953-018-0144-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lancia N F Darville
- Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Bernd H A Sokolowski
- Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
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18
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Michalski D, Keck AL, Grosche J, Martens H, Härtig W. Immunosignals of Oligodendrocyte Markers and Myelin-Associated Proteins Are Critically Affected after Experimental Stroke in Wild-Type and Alzheimer Modeling Mice of Different Ages. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:23. [PMID: 29467621 PMCID: PMC5807905 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Because stroke therapies are still limited and patients are often concerned by long-term sequelae with significant impairment of daily living, elaborated neuroprotective strategies are needed. During the last decades, research substantially improved the knowledge on cellular pathologies responsible for stroke-related tissue damage. In this context, the neurovascular unit (NVU) concept has been established, summarizing the affections of neurons, associated astrocytes and the vasculature. Although oligodendrocytes were already identified to play a major role in other brain pathologies, their role during stroke evolution and long-lasting tissue damage is poorly understood. This study aims to explore oligodendrocyte structures, i.e., oligodendrocytes and their myelin-associated proteins, after experimental focal cerebral ischemia. For translational issues, different ages and genotypes including an Alzheimer-like background were considered to mimic potential co-morbidities. Three- and 12-month-old wild-type and triple-transgenic mice were subjected to unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion. Immunofluorescence labeling was performed on forebrain tissues affected by 24 h of ischemia to visualize the oligodendrocyte-specific protein (OSP), the myelin basic protein (MBP), and the neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) with reference to the ischemic lesion. Subsequent analyses concomitantly detected the vasculature and the 2′, 3′-cyclic nucleotide-3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) to consider the NVU concept and to explore the functional relevance of histochemical data on applied oligodendrocyte markers. While the immunosignal of NG2 was found to be nearly absent 24 h after ischemia onset, enhanced immunoreactivities for OSP and especially MBP were observed in close regional association to the vasculature. Added quantitative analyses based on inter-hemispheric differences of MBP-immunoreactivity revealed a shell-like pattern with a significant increase directly in the ischemic core, followed by a gradual decline toward the striatum, the ischemic border zone and the lateral neocortex. This observation was consistent in subsequent analyses on the potential impact of age and genetic background. Furthermore, immunoreactivities for CNPase, MBP, and OSP were found to be simultaneously enhanced. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for a critical role of oligodendrocyte structures in the early phase after experimental stroke, strengthening their involvement in the ischemia-affected NVU. Consequently, oligodendrocytes and their myelin-associated proteins may qualify as potential targets for neuroprotective and regenerative approaches in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna L Keck
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Darr AJ, Danzi MC, Brady L, Emig-Agius D, Hackett A, Golshani R, Warner N, Lee J, Lemmon VP, Tsoulfas P. Identification of genome-wide targets of Olig2 in the adult mouse spinal cord using ChIP-Seq. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186091. [PMID: 29049317 PMCID: PMC5648140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In jawed vertebrates, oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the myelin-producing glial cells responsible for ensheathment of axons within the central nervous system and are also crucial for remyelination following injury or disease. Olig2 is a crucial factor in the specification and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that give rise to mature, myelin-producing OLs in the developing and postnatal CNS; however, its role in adulthood is less well understood. To investigate the role Olig2 plays in regulating gene expression in the adult OL lineage in a physiologically-relevant context, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next generation sequencing analysis (ChIP-Seq) using whole spinal cord tissue harvested from adult mice. We found that many of the Olig2-bound sites were associated with genes with biological processes corresponding to OL differentiation (Nkx2.2, Nkx6.2, and Sip1), myelination and ensheathment (Mbp, Cldn11, and Mobp), as well as cell cycle and cytoskeletal regulation. This suggests Olig2 continues to play a critical role in processes related to OL differentiation and myelination well into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Darr
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Matt C. Danzi
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lee Brady
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Amber Hackett
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Nikita Warner
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jae Lee
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Vance P. Lemmon
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Pantelis Tsoulfas
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Küchler P, Zimmermann G, Winzker M, Janning P, Waldmann H, Ziegler S. Identification of novel PDEδ interacting proteins. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:1426-1434. [PMID: 28935183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prenylation is a post-translational modification that increases the affinity of proteins for membranes and mediates protein-protein interactions. The retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta (PDEδ) is a prenyl binding protein that is essential for the shuttling of small GTPases between different membrane compartments and, thus, for their proper functioning. Although the prenylome comprises up to 2% of the mammalian proteome, only few prenylated proteins are known to interact with PDEδ. A proteome-wide approach was employed to map the PDEδ interactome among the prenylome and revealed RAB23, CDC42 and CNP as novel PDEδ interacting proteins. Moreover, PDEδ associates with the lamin A mutant progerin in a prenyl-dependent manner. These findings shed new light on the role of PDEδ in binding (and regulating) prenylated proteins in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Küchler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Lehrbereich Chemische Biologie, Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gunther Zimmermann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Lehrbereich Chemische Biologie, Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Winzker
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Lehrbereich Chemische Biologie, Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Lehrbereich Chemische Biologie, Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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21
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Muruganandam G, Raasakka A, Myllykoski M, Kursula I, Kursula P. Structural similarities and functional differences clarify evolutionary relationships between tRNA healing enzymes and the myelin enzyme CNPase. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 18:7. [PMID: 28511668 PMCID: PMC5434554 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-017-0084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic tRNA splicing is an essential process in the transformation of a primary tRNA transcript into a mature functional tRNA molecule. 5'-phosphate ligation involves two steps: a healing reaction catalyzed by polynucleotide kinase (PNK) in association with cyclic phosphodiesterase (CPDase), and a sealing reaction catalyzed by an RNA ligase. The enzymes that catalyze tRNA healing in yeast and higher eukaryotes are homologous to the members of the 2H phosphoesterase superfamily, in particular to the vertebrate myelin enzyme 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase). RESULTS We employed different biophysical and biochemical methods to elucidate the overall structural and functional features of the tRNA healing enzymes yeast Trl1 PNK/CPDase and lancelet PNK/CPDase and compared them with vertebrate CNPase. The yeast and the lancelet enzymes have cyclic phosphodiesterase and polynucleotide kinase activity, while vertebrate CNPase lacks PNK activity. In addition, we also show that the healing enzymes are structurally similar to the vertebrate CNPase by applying synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. CONCLUSIONS We provide a structural analysis of the tRNA healing enzyme PNK and CPDase domains together. Our results support evolution of vertebrate CNPase from tRNA healing enzymes with a loss of function at its N-terminal PNK-like domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Muruganandam
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Matti Myllykoski
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Inari Kursula
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petri Kursula
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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22
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Lopes S, Teplytska L, Vaz-Silva J, Dioli C, Trindade R, Morais M, Webhofer C, Maccarrone G, Almeida OFX, Turck CW, Sousa N, Sotiropoulos I, Filiou MD. Tau Deletion Prevents Stress-Induced Dendritic Atrophy in Prefrontal Cortex: Role of Synaptic Mitochondria. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:2580-2591. [PMID: 27073221 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau protein in dendrites and synapses has been recently implicated in synaptic degeneration and neuronal malfunction. Chronic stress, a well-known inducer of neuronal/synaptic atrophy, triggers hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein and cognitive deficits. However, the cause-effect relationship between these events remains to be established. To test the involvement of Tau in stress-induced impairments of cognition, we investigated the impact of stress on cognitive behavior, neuronal structure, and the synaptic proteome in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of Tau knock-out (Tau-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Whereas exposure to chronic stress resulted in atrophy of apical dendrites and spine loss in PFC neurons as well as significant impairments in working memory in WT mice, such changes were absent in Tau-KO animals. Quantitative proteomic analysis of PFC synaptosomal fractions, combined with transmission electron microscopy analysis, suggested a prominent role for mitochondria in the regulation of the effects of stress. Specifically, chronically stressed animals exhibit Tau-dependent alterations in the levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial transport and oxidative phosphorylation as well as in the synaptic localization of mitochondria in PFC. These findings provide evidence for a causal role of Tau in mediating stress-elicited neuronal atrophy and cognitive impairment and indicate that Tau may exert its effects through synaptic mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lopes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | | | - Joao Vaz-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Chrysoula Dioli
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Rita Trindade
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Monica Morais
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Christian Webhofer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.,Current address: Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, 82041 Oberhaching, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
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23
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Partial Immunoblotting of 2D-Gels: A Novel Method to Identify Post-Translationally Modified Proteins Exemplified for the Myelin Acetylome. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5010003. [PMID: 28248254 PMCID: PMC5372224 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a key role in regulating protein function, yet their identification is technically demanding. Here, we present a straightforward workflow to systematically identify post-translationally modified proteins based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Upon colloidal Coomassie staining the proteins are partially transferred, and the investigated PTMs are immunodetected. This strategy allows tracking back the immunopositive antigens to the corresponding spots on the original gel, from which they are excised and mass spectrometrically identified. Candidate proteins are validated on the same membrane by immunodetection using a second fluorescence channel. We exemplify the power of partial immunoblotting with the identification of lysine-acetylated proteins in myelin, the oligodendroglial membrane that insulates neuronal axons. The excellent consistency of the detected fluorescence signals at all levels allows the differential comparison of PTMs across multiple conditions. Beyond PTM screening, our multi-level workflow can be readily adapted to clinical applications such as identifying auto-immune antigens or host-pathogen interactions.
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24
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Mir S, Ali F, Chauhan D, Arora R, Khan HA. Accumulation of reactivity to MBP sensitizes TRAIL mediated oligodendrocyte apoptosis in adult sub cortical white matter in a model for human multiple sclerosis. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:299-309. [PMID: 26477945 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactivity to myelin associated proteins is the hallmark of human multiple sclerosis (M.S) and its experimental counterparts. However, the nature of such reactivity has not been described fully. Herein, we report that myelin basic protein (MBP) reactivity accumulates in a rat model for M.S. over a period of time and sensitizes TRAIL mediated progressive oligodendrocyte apoptosis. We used active immunization by Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG, 50 μg) to study chronic remitting relapsing encephalomyelitis in rats. A time point analysis of the progressive disease revealed cumulative accumulation of anti myelin basic protein antibodies during the disease progression with minimal change in the anti-MOG antibodies. Increased reactivity to MBP was studied to sensitize TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and other proinflammatory cytokines in a cumulative fashion leading to the Caspase dependent apoptosis of oligodendrocytes and myelin loss. In a rescue experiment, we could limit the demyelination and prevent disease progression by neutralizing the effector, TRAIL in an early stage of the disease. This is the first study to identify the accumulation of MBP antibodies in MOG induced EAE which possibly leads to TRAIL sensitized oligodendrocyte apoptosis in the white mater of EAE rats. This finding stresses on the need to study MBP antibody titers in M.S. patients and therefore might serve as an alternate marker for progressive demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Mir
- Clinical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India.
- School of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Farrah Ali
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Deepika Chauhan
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Rajesh Arora
- Radiation Biology Division, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Haider A Khan
- Clinical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
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25
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Tomas-Roig J, Wirths O, Salinas-Riester G, Havemann-Reinecke U. The Cannabinoid CB1/CB2 Agonist WIN55212.2 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Differentiation In Vitro and Neuroprotection During the Cuprizone-Induced Central Nervous System Demyelination. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:387-95. [PMID: 26842941 PMCID: PMC5067581 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and methods Different types of insults to the CNS lead to axon demyelination. Remyelination occurs when the CNS attempts to recover from myelin loss and requires the activation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. With the rationale that CB1 receptor is expressed in oligodendrocytes and marijuana consumption alters CNS myelination, we study the effects of the cannabinoid agonist WIN55212.2 in (1) an in vitro model of oligodendrocyte differentiation and (2) the cuprizone model for demyelination. Results The synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN55212.2 at 1 μM increased the myelin basic protein mRNA and protein expression in vitro. During cuprizone‐induced acute demyelination, the administration of 0.5 mg/kg WIN55212.2 confers more myelinated axons, increased the expression of retinoid X receptor alpha, and declined nogo receptor expression. Controversially, 1 mg/kg of the drug increased the number of demyelinated axons and reduced the expression of nerve growth factor inducible, calreticulin and myelin‐related genes coupling specifically with a decrease in 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′ phosphodiesterase expression. Conclusion The cannabinoid agonist WIN55212.2 promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro. Moreover, 0.5 mg/kg of the drug confers neuroprotection during cuprizone‐induced demyelination, while 1 mg/kg aggravates the demyelination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Tomas-Roig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Wirths
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Cup-shaped secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane called porosomes mediate the precision release of intravesicular material from cells. Membrane-bound secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse at the base of porosomes facing the cytosol to expel pressurized intravesicular contents from the cell during secretion. The structure, isolation, composition, and functional reconstitution of the neuronal porosome complex have greatly progressed, providing a molecular understanding of its function in health and disease. Neuronal porosomes are 15 nm cup-shaped lipoprotein structures composed of nearly 40 proteins, compared to the 120 nm nuclear pore complex composed of >500 protein molecules. Membrane proteins compose the porosome complex, making it practically impossible to solve its atomic structure. However, atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray solution scattering studies have provided three-dimensional structural details of the native neuronal porosome at sub-nanometer resolution, providing insights into the molecular mechanism of its function. The participation of several porosome proteins previously implicated in neurotransmission and neurological disorders, further attest to the crosstalk between porosome proteins and their coordinated involvement in release of neurotransmitter at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshata R Naik
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kenneth T Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Bhanu P Jena
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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27
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Quraishe S, Wyttenbach A, Matinyarare N, Perry VH, Fern R, O'Connor V. Selective and compartmentalized myelin expression of HspB5. Neuroscience 2015; 316:130-42. [PMID: 26718604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we reveal myelin-specific expression and targeting of mRNA and biochemical pools of HspB5 in the mouse CNS. Our observations are based on in situ hybridization, electron microscopy and co-localization with 2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide 3'-Phosphodiesterase (CNPase), reinforcing this myelin-selective expression. HspB5 mRNA might be targeted to these structures based on its presence in discrete clusters resembling RNA granules and the presence of a putative RNA transport signal. Further, sub-cellular fractionation of myelin membranes reveals a distinct sub-compartment-specific association and detergent solubility of HspB5. This is akin to other abundant myelin proteins and is consistent with HspB5's association with cytoskeletal/membrane assemblies. Oligodendrocytes have a pivotal role in supporting axonal function via generating and segregating the ensheathing myelin. This specialization places extreme structural and metabolic demands on this glial cell type. Our observations place HspB5 in oligodendrocytes which may require selective and specific chaperone capabilities to maintain normal function and neuronal support.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Quraishe
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Building 85, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - A Wyttenbach
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Building 85, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - N Matinyarare
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Building 85, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - V H Perry
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Mailpoint 840 (room LD80b), Level D Laboratories and Pathology Block, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - R Fern
- Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - V O'Connor
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Building 85, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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28
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Cassoli JS, Guest PC, Malchow B, Schmitt A, Falkai P, Martins-de-Souza D. Disturbed macro-connectivity in schizophrenia linked to oligodendrocyte dysfunction: from structural findings to molecules. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2015; 1:15034. [PMID: 27336040 PMCID: PMC4849457 DOI: 10.1038/npjschz.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with multi-factorial characteristics. A number of findings have shown disrupted synaptic connectivity in schizophrenia patients and emerging evidence suggests that this results from dysfunctional oligodendrocytes, the cells responsible for myelinating axons in white matter to promote neuronal conduction. The exact cause of this is not known, although recent imaging and molecular profiling studies of schizophrenia patients have identified changes in white matter tracts connecting multiple brain regions with effects on protein signaling networks involved in the myelination process. Further understanding of oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia could lead to identification of novel drug targets for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Silva Cassoli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas, Brazil
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) , Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) , Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; UNICAMP's Neurobiology Center, Campinas, Brazil
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29
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Myllykoski M, Seidel L, Muruganandam G, Raasakka A, Torda AE, Kursula P. Structural and functional evolution of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase. Brain Res 2015; 1641:64-78. [PMID: 26367445 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) is an abundant membrane-associated enzyme within the vertebrate myelin sheath. While the physiological function of CNPase still remains to be characterized in detail, it is known - in addition to its in vitro enzymatic activity - to interact with other proteins, small molecules, and membrane surfaces. From an evolutionary point of view, it can be deduced that CNPase is not restricted to myelin-forming cells or vertebrate tissues. Its evolution has involved gene fusion, addition of other small segments with distinct functions, such as membrane attachment, and possibly loss of function at the polynucleotide kinase-like domain. Currently, it is unclear whether the enzymatic function of the conserved phosphodiesterase domain in vertebrate myelin has a physiological role, or if CNPase could actually function - like many other classical myelin proteins - in a more structural role. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Myelin Evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Myllykoski
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Leonie Seidel
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Arne Raasakka
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrew E Torda
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7, 90220 Oulu, Finland; German Electron Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
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30
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Uzasci L, Auh S, Cotter RJ, Nath A. Mass spectrometric phosphoproteome analysis of HIV-infected brain reveals novel phosphorylation sites and differential phosphorylation patterns. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:126-35. [PMID: 26033855 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To map the phosphoproteome and identify changes in the phosphorylation patterns in the HIV-infected and uninfected brain. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Parietal cortex from individuals with and without HIV infection were lysed and trypsinized. The peptides were labeled with iTRAQ reagents, combined, phospho-enriched by titanium dioxide chromatography, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS with high resolution. RESULTS Our phosphoproteomic workflow resulted in the identification of 112 phosphorylated proteins and 17 novel phosphorylation sites in all the samples that were analyzed. The phosphopeptide sequences were searched for kinase substrate motifs, which revealed potential kinases involved in important signaling pathways. The site-specific phosphopeptide quantification showed that peptides from neurofilament medium polypeptide, myelin basic protein, and 2'-3'-cyclic nucleotide-3' phosphodiesterase have relatively higher phosphorylation levels during HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study has enriched the global phosphoproteome knowledge of the human brain by detecting novel phosphorylation sites on neuronal proteins and identifying differentially phosphorylated brain proteins during HIV infection. Kinases that lead to unusual phosphorylations could be therapeutic targets for the treatment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lerna Uzasci
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,The Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sungyoung Auh
- Clinical Neurosciences Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Cotter
- The Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Avindra Nath
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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31
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Womersley JS, Dimatelis JJ, Russell VA. Proteomic analysis of maternal separation-induced striatal changes in a rat model of ADHD: The spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 252:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Rajkowska G, Mahajan G, Maciag D, Sathyanesan M, Iyo AH, Moulana M, Kyle PB, Woolverton WL, Miguel-Hidalgo JJ, Stockmeier CA, Newton SS. Oligodendrocyte morphometry and expression of myelin - Related mRNA in ventral prefrontal white matter in major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 65:53-62. [PMID: 25930075 PMCID: PMC4836860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
White matter disturbance in the ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been noted with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, the cellular and molecular pathology of prefrontal white matter in MDD and potential influence of antidepressant medications is not fully understood. Oligodendrocyte morphometry and myelin-related mRNA and protein expression was examined in the white matter of the vPFC in MDD. Sections of deep and gyral white matter from the vPFC were collected from 20 subjects with MDD and 16 control subjects. Density and size of CNPase-immunoreactive (-IR) oligodendrocytes were estimated using 3-dimensional cell counting. While neither density nor soma size of oligodendrocytes was significantly affected in deep white matter, soma size was significantly decreased in the gyral white matter in MDD. In rhesus monkeys treated chronically with fluoxetine there was no significant effect on oligodendrocyte morphometry. Using quantitative RT-PCR to measure oligodendrocyte-related mRNA for CNPase, PLP1, MBP, MOG, MOBP, Olig1 and Olig2, in MDD there was a significantly reduced expression of PLP1 mRNA (which positively correlated with smaller sizes) and increased expression of mRNA for CNPase, OLIG1 and MOG. The expression of CNPase protein was significantly decreased in MDD. Altered expression of four myelin genes and CNPase protein suggests a mechanism for the degeneration of cortical axons and dysfunctional maturation of oligodendrocytes in MDD. The change in oligodendrocyte morphology in gyral white matter may parallel altered axonal integrity as revealed by DTI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Monica Sathyanesan
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.
| | - Abiye H. Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, U.S.A., 39216
| | | | - Patrick B. Kyle
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, U.S.A., 39216
| | - William L. Woolverton
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, U.S.A., 39216
| | | | - Craig A. Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, U.S.A., 39216,Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, U.S.A., 44106
| | - Samuel S. Newton
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD, U.S.A., 57069
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Kalakh S, Mouihate A. The promyelinating properties of androstenediol in gliotoxin-induced demyelination in rat corpus callosum. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:964-82. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samah Kalakh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Kuwait University; Safat Kuwait
| | - Abdeslam Mouihate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Kuwait University; Safat Kuwait
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Yu L, Ding Y, Spencer A, Ma J, Lu R, Rudkin BB, Yuan C. Dorsal root ganglion progenitors differentiate to gamma-aminobutyric acid- and choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:485-91. [PMID: 25745432 PMCID: PMC4348992 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the isolation and differentiation of dorsal root ganglion progenitor cells for therapeutic use in neurodegenerative diseases. Rat embryonic dorsal root ganglia progenitors were isolated and purified using the differential adhesion method combined with cytosine arabinoside treatment. After culture in serum-free medium supplemented with B27, basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, these cells remained viable and survived for more than 18 months in vitro. Most cells differentiated to neurons that were immunoreactive for gamma-aminobutyric acid and choline acetyltransferase as detected by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, nerve growth factor and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor expression were also observed in dorsal root ganglion progenitors and differentiated cells. K252a, an inhibitor that blocks nerve growth factor-induced signaling, inhibited cell survival, suggesting the possible existence of a nerve growth factor autocrine loop in these proliferating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China ; Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Science, UMR 5239 CNRS/ENS Lyon/University of Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, IFR128 "Biosciences Lyon-Gerland" Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Yindi Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China ; Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Science, UMR 5239 CNRS/ENS Lyon/University of Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, IFR128 "Biosciences Lyon-Gerland" Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Ambre Spencer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China ; Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Science, UMR 5239 CNRS/ENS Lyon/University of Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, IFR128 "Biosciences Lyon-Gerland" Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Ji Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ruisheng Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Brian B Rudkin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China ; Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Science, UMR 5239 CNRS/ENS Lyon/University of Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, IFR128 "Biosciences Lyon-Gerland" Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Chonggang Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Yoon H, Radulovic M, Drucker KL, Wu J, Scarisbrick IA. The thrombin receptor is a critical extracellular switch controlling myelination. Glia 2015; 63:846-59. [PMID: 25628003 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic white matter injuries in the perinatal period are a growing cause of cerebral palsy yet no neuroprotective strategies exist to prevent the devastating motor and cognitive deficits that ensue. We demonstrate that the thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor 1, PAR1) exhibits peak expression levels in the spinal cord at term and is a critical regulator of the myelination continuum from initiation to the final levels achieved. Specifically, PAR1 gene deletion resulted in earlier onset of spinal cord myelination, including substantially more Olig2-positive oligodendrocytes, more myelinated axons, and higher proteolipid protein (PLP) levels at birth. In vitro, the highest levels of PAR1 were observed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), being reduced with differentiation. In parallel, the expression of PLP and myelin basic protein (MBP), in addition to Olig2, were all significantly higher in cultures of PAR1-/- oligodendroglia. Moreover, application of a small molecule inhibitor of PAR1 (SCH79797) to OPCs in vitro increased PLP and MBP expression. Enhancements in myelination associated with PAR1 genetic deletion were also observed in adulthood as evidenced by higher amounts of MBP and thickened myelin sheaths across large, medium, and small diameter axons. Enriched spinal cord myelination in PAR1-/- mice was coupled to increases in extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and AKT signaling developmentally. Nocturnal ambulation and rearing activity were also elevated in PAR1-/- mice. These studies identify the thrombin receptor as a powerful extracellular regulatory switch that could be readily targeted to improve myelin production in the face of white matter injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesook Yoon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Krestinina O, Azarashvili T, Baburina Y, Galvita A, Grachev D, Stricker R, Reiser G. In aging, the vulnerability of rat brain mitochondria is enhanced due to reduced level of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) and subsequently increased permeability transition in brain mitochondria in old animals. Neurochem Int 2014; 80:41-50. [PMID: 25277077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by progressive dysfunction of mitochondria associated with a continuous decrease of their capacity to produce ATP. Mitochondria isolated from brain of aged animals show an increased mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. We recently detected new regulators of mPTP function in brain mitochondria, the enzyme 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) and its substrates 2', 3'-cAMP and 2', 3'-cNADP, and the neuronal protein p42(IP4). Here, we compared parameters of mPTP opening in non-synaptic brain mitochondria isolated from young and old rats. In mitochondria from old rats (>18 months), mPTP opening occurred at a lower threshold of Ca(2+) concentration than in mitochondria from young rats (<3 months). mPTP opening in mitochondria from old rats was accelerated by 2', 3'-cAMP, which further lowered the threshold Ca(2+) concentration. In non-synaptic mitochondria from old rats, the CNP level was decreased by 34%. Lowering of the CNP level in non-synaptic mitochondria with aging was accompanied by decreased levels of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC; by 69%) and of p42(IP4) (by 59%). Thus, reduced levels of CNP in mitochondria could lead to a rise in the concentration of the mPTP promoter 2', 3'-cAMP. The level of CNP and p42(IP4) and, probably VDAC, might be essential for myelination and electrical activity of axons. We propose that in aging the reduction in the level of these proteins leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, in particular, to a decreased threshold Ca(2+) concentration to induce mPTP opening. This might represent initial steps of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in myelin and axonal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Krestinina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia; Institut für Neurobiochemie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tamara Azarashvili
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia; Institut für Neurobiochemie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yulia Baburina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia; Institut für Neurobiochemie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Galvita
- Institut für Neurobiochemie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Grachev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia; Institut für Neurobiochemie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Stricker
- Institut für Neurobiochemie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Georg Reiser
- Institut für Neurobiochemie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Jena BP. Neuronal Porosome-The Secretory Portal at the Nerve Terminal: It's Structure-Function, Composition, and Reconstitution. J Mol Struct 2014; 1073:187-195. [PMID: 26412873 PMCID: PMC4580341 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cup-shaped secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane called porosomes mediate secretion from cells. Membrane bound secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse at the cytosolic compartment of the porosome base to expel intravesicular contents to the outside during cell secretion. In the past decade, the structure, isolation, composition, and functional reconstitution of the neuronal porosome complex has been accomplished providing a molecular understanding of its structure-function. Neuronal porosomes are 15 nm cup-shaped lipoprotein structures composed of nearly 40 proteins. Being a membrane-associated supramolecular complex has precluded determination of the atomic structure of the porosome. However recent studies using small-angle X-ray solution scattering (SAXS), provide at sub-nanometer resolution, the native 3D structure of the neuronal porosome complex associated with docked synaptic vesicle at the nerve terminal. Additionally, results from the SAXS study and earlier studies using atomic force microscopy, provide the possible molecular mechanism involved in porosome-mediated neurotransmitter release at the nerve terminal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu P. Jena
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Detroit, MI, USA
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38
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Ding P, Yang Z, Wang W, Wang J, Xue L. Transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells enhances infiltration and survival of CNP and Schwann cells to promote axonal sprouting following complete transection of spinal cord in adult rats. Am J Transl Res 2014; 6:224-235. [PMID: 24936216 PMCID: PMC4058305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the roles of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in promoting axonal regeneration after complete transection of spinal cord in adult rats. Transplantation was done 9 days after injury. Only a few BMSCs were detected at the injury site 8 weeks after transplantation, yet there was robust growth of axons. The scarcity of surviving BMSCs may attribute to the adverse conditions in their ambient environment. In this connection, the immediate accumulation of a large number of macrophages/reactive microglia following BMSCs transplantation and subsequent cavitation of tissues may be detrimental to their survival. An unexpected finding following BMSCs transplantation was the marked increase in the nestin, GFAP, NF200, olig 3 and CNP positive cells at the injury site. Immunoelectron microscopy showed CNP cells were oval or fibroblast-like and had multiple perineurial-like compartments with long extending filopodia. The spatial relationship between regenerating axons and CNP-positive cells was also confirmed by double immunofluorescence staining. Our results suggest that transplantation of BMSCs elicits the influx and survival of local cells including CNP positive cells and Schwann cells into injury site, which provide structural support for the axon regeneration and remyelination after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University295 Xichang Rd, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University295 Xichang Rd, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University295 Xichang Rd, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jinkun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University295 Xichang Rd, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Liping Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yunnan NO.2 Provincial People’s Hospital176 Qingnian Rd, Kunming 650021, China
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39
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Raasakka A, Kursula P. The myelin membrane-associated enzyme 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase: on a highway to structure and function. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:956-966. [PMID: 24807122 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane-anchored myelin enzyme 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) was discovered in the early 1960s and has since then troubled scientists with its peculiar catalytic activity and high expression levels in the central nervous system. Despite decades of research, the actual physiological relevance of CNPase has only recently begun to unravel. In addition to a role in myelination, CNPase is also involved in local adenosine production in traumatic brain injury and possibly has a regulatory function in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Although research focusing on the CNPase phosphodiesterase activity has been helpful, several open questions concerning the protein function in vivo remain unanswered. This review is focused on past research on CNPase, especially in the fields of structural biology and enzymology, and outlines the current understanding regarding the biochemical and physiological significance of CNPase, providing ideas and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biochemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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40
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Ma H, Zhao XL, Wang XY, Xie XW, Han JC, Guan WL, Wang Q, Zhu L, Pan XB, Wei L. 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterases inhibit hepatitis B virus replication. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80769. [PMID: 24260477 PMCID: PMC3832489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
2’,3’-cyclic nucleotide 3’-phosphodiesterase (CNP) is a member of the interferon-stimulated genes, which includes isoforms CNP1 and CNP2. CNP1 is locally expressed in the myelin sheath but CNP2 is additionally expressed at low levels outside the nervous system. CNPs regulate multiple cellular functions and suppress protein production by association with polyadenylation of mRNA. Polyadenylation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNAs is crucial for HBV replication. Whether CNPs interact with polyadenylation signal of HBV RNAs and interfere HBV replication is unknown. In this study, we evaluated expressions of CNP isoforms in hepatoma cell lines and their effects on HBV replication. We found that CNP2 is moderately expressed and gently responded to interferon treatment in HepG2, but not in Huh7 cells. The CNP1 and CNP2 potently inhibited HBV production by blocking viral proteins synthesis and reducing viral RNAs, respectively. In chronic hepatitis B patients, CNP was expressed in most of HBV-infected hepatocytes of liver specimens. Knockdown of CNP expression moderately improved viral production in the HepG2.2.15 cells treated with IFN-α. In conclusion, CNP might be a mediator of interferon-induced response against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Liang Zhao
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Yan Wang
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Wang Xie
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Chao Han
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Li Guan
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ben Pan
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lai Wei
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing, P. R. China
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41
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Fang F, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xu H, Huang Q, Adilijiang A, Wang J, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Tan Q, He J, Kong L, Liu Y, Li XM. Antipsychotics promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells by regulating oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factors 1 and 2. Life Sci 2013; 93:429-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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Myllykoski M, Raasakka A, Lehtimäki M, Han H, Kursula I, Kursula P. Crystallographic analysis of the reaction cycle of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, a unique member of the 2H phosphoesterase family. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:4307-22. [PMID: 23831225 PMCID: PMC7094350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
2H phosphoesterases catalyze reactions on nucleotide substrates and contain two conserved histidine residues in the active site. Very limited information is currently available on the details of the active site and substrate/product binding during the catalytic cycle of these enzymes. We performed a comprehensive X-ray crystallographic study of mouse 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), a membrane-associated enzyme present at high levels in the tetrapod myelin sheath. We determined crystal structures of the CNPase phosphodiesterase domain complexed with substrate, product, and phosphorothioate analogues. The data provide detailed information on the CNPase reaction mechanism, including substrate binding mode and coordination of the nucleophilic water molecule. Linked to the reaction, an open/close motion of the β5–α7 loop is observed. The role of the N terminus of helix α7—unique for CNPase in the 2H family—during the reaction indicates that 2H phosphoesterases differ in their respective reaction mechanisms despite the conserved catalytic residues. Furthermore, based on small-angle X-ray scattering, we present a model for the full-length enzyme, indicating that the two domains of CNPase form an elongated molecule. Finally, based on our structural data and a comprehensive bioinformatics study, we discuss the conservation of CNPase in various organisms. A detailed structural analysis of the CNPase catalytic cycle was carried out. Complexes with substrates, products, and analogues highlight roles for a nearby helix and loop in the reaction mechanism. The full-length CNPase adopts an elongated conformation in solution. CNPase is a unique member of the 2H family, and the results will help understand its physiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Myllykoski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
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43
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Han H, Myllykoski M, Ruskamo S, Wang C, Kursula P. Myelin-specific proteins: a structurally diverse group of membrane-interacting molecules. Biofactors 2013; 39:233-41. [PMID: 23780694 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The myelin sheath is a multilayered membrane in the nervous system, which has unique biochemical properties. Myelin carries a set of specific high-abundance proteins, the structure and function of which are still poorly understood. The proteins of the myelin sheath are involved in a number of neurological diseases, including autoimmune diseases and inherited neuropathies. In this review, we briefly discuss the structural properties and functions of selected myelin-specific proteins (P0, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, myelin basic protein, myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein, P2, proteolipid protein, peripheral myelin protein of 22 kDa, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, and periaxin); such properties include, for example, interactions with lipid bilayers and the presence of large intrinsically disordered regions in some myelin proteins. A detailed understanding of myelin protein structure and function at the molecular level will be required to fully grasp their physiological roles in the myelin sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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44
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Baburina YL, Krestinina OV, Azarashvili TS. 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNPase) as a target in neurodegenerative diseases. NEUROCHEM J+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712412040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Fernandez-Castaneda A, Arandjelovic S, Stiles TL, Schlobach RK, Mowen KA, Gonias SL, Gaultier A. Identification of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 interactome in central nervous system myelin suggests a role in the clearance of necrotic cell debris. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:4538-48. [PMID: 23264627 PMCID: PMC3576060 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.384693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), fast neuronal signals are facilitated by the oligodendrocyte-produced myelin sheath. Oligodendrocyte turnover or injury generates myelin debris that is usually promptly cleared by phagocytic cells. Failure to remove dying oligodendrocytes leads to accumulation of degraded myelin, which, if recognized by the immune system, may contribute to the development of autoimmunity in diseases such as multiple sclerosis. We recently identified low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) as a novel phagocytic receptor for myelin debris. Here, we report characterization of the LRP1 interactome in CNS myelin. Fusion proteins were designed corresponding to the extracellular ligand-binding domains of LRP1. LRP1 partners were isolated by affinity purification and characterized by mass spectrometry. We report that LRP1 binds intracellular proteins via its extracellular domain and functions as a receptor for necrotic cells. Peptidyl arginine deiminase-2 and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase are novel LRP1 ligands identified in our screen, which interact with full-length LRP1. Furthermore, the extracellular domain of LRP1 is a target of peptidyl arginine deiminase-2-mediated deimination in vitro. We propose that LRP1 functions as a receptor for endocytosis of intracellular components released during cellular damage and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fernandez-Castaneda
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Sanja Arandjelovic
- the Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Travis L. Stiles
- the Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Ryan K. Schlobach
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Kerri A. Mowen
- the Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Steven L. Gonias
- the Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Alban Gaultier
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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46
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Myelin Proteome Analysis: Methods and Implications for the Myelin Cytoskeleton. THE CYTOSKELETON 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-266-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ruskamo S, Chukhlieb M, Vahokoski J, Bhargav SP, Liang F, Kursula I, Kursula P. Juxtanodin is an intrinsically disordered F-actin-binding protein. Sci Rep 2012; 2:899. [PMID: 23198089 PMCID: PMC3509349 DOI: 10.1038/srep00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Juxtanodin, also called ermin, is an F-actin-binding protein expressed by oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system. While juxtanodin carries a short conserved F-actin-binding segment at its C terminus, it otherwise shares no similarity with known protein sequences. We carried out a structural characterization of recombinant juxtanodin in solution. Juxtanodin turned out to be intrinsically disordered, as evidenced by conventional and synchrotron radiation CD spectroscopy. Small-angle X-ray scattering indicated that juxtanodin is a monomeric, highly elongated, unfolded molecule. Ensemble optimization analysis of the data suggested also the presence of more compact forms of juxtanodin. The C terminus was a strict requirement for co-sedimentation of juxtanodin with microfilaments, but juxtanodin had only mild effects on actin polymerization. The disordered nature of juxtanodin may predict functions as a protein interaction hub, although F-actin is its only currently known binding partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Ruskamo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maryna Chukhlieb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Vahokoski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Fengyi Liang
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Inari Kursula
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (CSSB-HZI); Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg; and German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (CSSB-HZI); Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg; and German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
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48
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Pathi SS, Jose S, Govindaraju S, Conde JA, Romo HE, Chamakura KR, Claunch CJ, Benito-Martín A, Challa-Malladi M, González-García M, Ballestero RP. zRICH, a protein induced during optic nerve regeneration in zebrafish, promotes neuritogenesis and interacts with tubulin. Brain Res 2012; 1474:29-39. [PMID: 22885342 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mammals do not regenerate axons in their central nervous system (CNS) spontaneously. This phenomenon is the cause of numerous medical conditions after damage to nerve fibers in the CNS of humans. The study of the mechanisms of nerve regeneration in other vertebrate animals able to spontaneously regenerate axons in their CNS is essential for understanding nerve regeneration from a scientific point of view, and for developing therapeutic approaches to enhance nerve regeneration in the CNS of humans. RICH proteins are a novel group of proteins implicated in nerve regeneration in the CNS of teleost fish, yet their mechanisms of action are not well understood. A number of mutant versions of the zebrafish RICH (zRICH) protein were generated and characterized at biochemical and cellular levels in our laboratory. With the aim of understanding the effects of RICH proteins in neuronal axon outgrowth, stable transfectants derived from the neuronal model PC12 cell line expressing zRICH Wild-Type or mutant versions of zRICH were studied. Results from differentiation experiments suggest that RICH proteins enhance neuronal plasticity by facilitating neurite branching. Biochemical co-purification results have demonstrated that zRICH binds to the cytoskeletal protein tubulin. The central domain of the protein is sufficient for tubulin binding, but a mutant version of the protein lacking the terminal domains, which cannot bind to the plasma membrane, was not able to enhance neurite branching. RICH proteins may facilitate axon regeneration by regulating the axonal cytoskeleton and facilitating the formation of new neurite branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya S Pathi
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, United States
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49
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Hagemeyer N, Goebbels S, Papiol S, Kästner A, Hofer S, Begemann M, Gerwig UC, Boretius S, Wieser GL, Ronnenberg A, Gurvich A, Heckers SH, Frahm J, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. A myelin gene causative of a catatonia-depression syndrome upon aging. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 4:528-39. [PMID: 22473874 PMCID: PMC3443947 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201200230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses have been linked to white matter abnormalities, documented by postmortem studies. However, cause and effect have remained difficult to distinguish. CNP (2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase) is among the oligodendrocyte/myelin-associated genes most robustly reduced on mRNA and protein level in brains of schizophrenic, bipolar or major depressive patients. This suggests that CNP reduction might be critical for a more general disease process and not restricted to a single diagnostic category. We show here that reduced expression of CNP is the primary cause of a distinct behavioural phenotype, seen only upon aging as an additional 'pro-inflammatory hit'. This phenotype is strikingly similar in Cnp heterozygous mice and patients with mental disease carrying the AA genotype at CNP SNP rs2070106. The characteristic features in both species with their partial CNP 'loss-of-function' genotype are best described as 'catatonia-depression' syndrome. As a consequence of perturbed CNP expression, mice show secondary low-grade inflammation/neurodegeneration. Analogously, in man, diffusion tensor imaging points to axonal loss in the frontal corpus callosum. To conclude, subtle white matter abnormalities inducing neurodegenerative changes can cause/amplify psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hagemeyer
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Kästner
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Hofer
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingen, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Begemann
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike C Gerwig
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB)Göttingen, Germany
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingen, Germany
| | - Georg L Wieser
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Ronnenberg
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | - Artem Gurvich
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jens Frahm
- DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB)Göttingen, Germany
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingen, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB)Göttingen, Germany
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50
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Lee JS, Jeremic A, Shin L, Cho WJ, Chen X, Jena BP. Neuronal porosome proteome: Molecular dynamics and architecture. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3952-62. [PMID: 22659300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Porosomes are the universal secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane, where membrane-bound secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to expel intravesicular contents to the outside during cell secretion. In the past decade, the neuronal porosome complex, a 10-15nm cup-shaped lipoprotein structure has been isolated, its partial composition and 3D contour map determined, and it has been functionally reconstituted into artificial lipid membrane. Here we further determine the composition of the neuronal porosome proteome using immunoisolation and gel filtration chromatography, followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Results from the study demonstrate nearly 40 proteins to constitute the neuronal porosome proteome. Furthermore, interaction of proteins within the porosome and their resulting arrangement is predicted. The association and dissociation of proteins at the porosome following stimulation of cell secretion demonstrate the dynamic nature of the organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sook Lee
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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