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Cronin M, Lowery A, Kerin M, Wijns W, Soliman O. Risk Prediction, Diagnosis and Management of a Breast Cancer Patient with Treatment-Related Cardiovascular Toxicity: An Essential Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1845. [PMID: 38791923 PMCID: PMC11120055 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is amongst the most common invasive cancers in adults. There are established relationships between anti-cancer treatments for breast cancer and cardiovascular side effects. In recent years, novel anti-cancer treatments have been established, as well as the availability of multi-modal cardiac imaging and the sophistication of treatment for cardiac disease. This review provides an in-depth overview regarding the interface of breast cancer and cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity. Specifically, it reviews the pathophysiology of breast cancer, the method of action in therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity from anti-cancer treatment, the use of echocardiography, cardiac CT, MRI, or nuclear medicine as diagnostics, and the current evidence-based treatments available. It is intended to be an all-encompassing review for clinicians caring for patients in this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cronin
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife Lowery
- Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Kerin
- Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, University of Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland
| | - William Wijns
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland
- Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Osama Soliman
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland
- Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, University of Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland
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Reis-Mendes A, Ferreira M, Padrão AI, Duarte JA, Duarte-Araújo M, Remião F, Carvalho F, Sousa E, Bastos ML, Costa VM. The Role of Nrf2 and Inflammation on the Dissimilar Cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin in Two-Time Points: a Cardio-Oncology In Vivo Study Through Time. Inflammation 2024; 47:264-284. [PMID: 37833616 PMCID: PMC10799157 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor used in cancer therapy. Despite its efficacy, DOX causes serious adverse effects, such as short- and long-term cardiotoxicity. This work aimed to assess the short- and long-term cardiotoxicity of DOX and the role of inflammation and antioxidant defenses on that cardiotoxicity in a mice model. Adult CD-1 male mice received a cumulative dose of 9.0 mg/kg of DOX (2 biweekly intraperitoneal injections (ip), for 3 weeks). One week (1W) or 5 months (5M) after the last DOX administration, the heart was collected. One week after DOX, a significant increase in p62, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 2, glutathione peroxidase 1, catalase, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) cardiac expression, and a trend towards an increase in interleukin (IL)-6, TNFR1, and B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X (Bax) expression was observed. Moreover, DOX induced a decrease on nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) cardiac expression. In both 1W and 5M, DOX led to a high density of infiltrating M1 macrophages, but only the 1W-DOX group had a significantly higher number of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 immunopositive cells. As late effects (5M), an increase in Nrf2, myeloperoxidase, IL-33, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression, and a trend towards increased catalase expression were observed. Moreover, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and carbonylated proteins expression decreased, and a trend towards decreased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression were seen. Our study demonstrated that DOX induces adverse outcome pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress, although activating different time-dependent response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis-Mendes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Ferreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Padrão
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- 1H-TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Duarte-Araújo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Lourdes Bastos
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Effects of Antioxidant Gene Overexpression on Stress Resistance and Malignization In Vitro and In Vivo: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122316. [PMID: 36552527 PMCID: PMC9774954 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normal products of a number of biochemical reactions and are important signaling molecules. However, at the same time, they are toxic to cells and have to be strictly regulated by their antioxidant systems. The etiology and pathogenesis of many diseases are associated with increased ROS levels, and many external stress factors directly or indirectly cause oxidative stress in cells. Within this context, the overexpression of genes encoding the proteins in antioxidant systems seems to have become a viable approach to decrease the oxidative stress caused by pathological conditions and to increase cellular stress resistance. However, such manipulations unavoidably lead to side effects, the most dangerous of which is an increased probability of healthy tissue malignization or increased tumor aggression. The aims of the present review were to collect and systematize the results of studies devoted to the effects resulting from the overexpression of antioxidant system genes on stress resistance and carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In most cases, the overexpression of these genes was shown to increase cell and organism resistances to factors that induce oxidative and genotoxic stress but to also have different effects on cancer initiation and promotion. The last fact greatly limits perspectives of such manipulations in practice. The overexpression of GPX3 and SOD3 encoding secreted proteins seems to be the "safest" among the genes that can increase cell resistance to oxidative stress. High efficiency and safety potential can also be found for SOD2 overexpression in combinations with GPX1 or CAT and for similar combinations that lead to no significant changes in H2O2 levels. Accumulation, systematization, and the integral analysis of data on antioxidant gene overexpression effects can help to develop approaches for practical uses in biomedical and agricultural areas. Additionally, a number of factors such as genetic and functional context, cell and tissue type, differences in the function of transcripts of one and the same gene, regulatory interactions, and additional functions should be taken into account.
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Booth LK, Redgrave RE, Folaranmi O, Gill JH, Richardson GD. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and senescence. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1058435. [PMID: 36452034 PMCID: PMC9701822 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1058435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer continues to place a heavy burden on healthcare systems around the world. Although cancer survivorship continues to improve, cardiotoxicity leading to cardiomyopathy and heart failure as a consequence of cancer therapy is rising, and yesterday's cancer survivors are fast becoming today's heart failure patients. Although the mechanisms driving cardiotoxicity are complex, cellular senescence is gaining attention as a major contributor to chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and, therefore, may also represent a novel therapeutic target to prevent this disease. Cellular senescence is a well-recognized response to clinical doses of chemotherapies, including anthracyclines, and is defined by cell cycle exit, phenotypic alterations which include mitochondrial dysfunction, and the expression of the pro-senescent, pro-fibrotic, and pro-inflammatory senescence-associated phenotype. Senescence has an established involvement in promoting myocardial remodeling during aging, and studies have demonstrated that the elimination of senescence can attenuate the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular diseases. Most recently, pharmacology-mediated elimination of senescence, using a class of drugs termed senolytics, has been demonstrated to prevent myocardial dysfunction in preclinical models of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. In this review, we will discuss the evidence that anthracycline-induced senescence causes the long-term cardiotoxicity of anticancer chemotherapies, consider how the senescent phenotype may promote myocardial dysfunction, and examine the exciting possibility that targeting senescence may prove a therapeutic strategy to prevent or even reverse chemotherapy-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Booth
- School of Pharmacy, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael E. Redgrave
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Omowumi Folaranmi
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jason H. Gill
- School of Pharmacy, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin D. Richardson
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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5
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Molecular mechanisms associated with the chemoprotective role of protocatechuic acid and its potential benefits in the amelioration of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: A review. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1713-1724. [PMID: 36561952 PMCID: PMC9764176 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in the 1960 s, doxorubicin (DOX) has constantly elicited the broadest spectrum of cancerocidal activity against human cancers. However, cardiotoxicity caused by DOX directly as well as its metabolites is a great source of concern over the continuous use of DOX in chemotherapy. While the exact mechanism of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is yet to be completely understood, recent studies indicate oxidative stress, inflammation, and several forms of cell death as key pathogenic mechanisms that underpin the etiology of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Notably, these key mechanistic events are believed to be negatively regulated by 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid or protocatechuic acid (PCA)-a plant-based phytochemical with proven anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Here, we review the experimental findings detailing the potential ameliorative effects of PCA under exposure to DOX. We also discuss molecular insights into the pathophysiology of DIC, highlighting the potential intervention points where the use of PCA as a veritable chemoprotective agent may ameliorate DOX-induced cardiotoxicities as well as toxicities due to other anticancer drugs like cisplatin. While we acknowledge that controlled oral administration of PCA during chemotherapy may be insufficient to eliminate all toxicities due to DOX treatment, we propose that the ability of PCA to block oxidative stress, attenuate inflammation, and abrogate several forms of cardiomyocyte cell death underlines its great promise in the amelioration of DIC.
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Mitochondrial-Targeted Therapy for Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031912. [PMID: 35163838 PMCID: PMC8837080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, are effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, but their clinical use is associated with severe and potentially life-threatening cardiotoxicity. Despite decades of research, treatment options remain limited. The mitochondria is commonly considered to be the main target of doxorubicin and mitochondrial dysfunction is the hallmark of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we review the pathogenic mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and present an update on cardioprotective strategies for this disorder. Specifically, we focus on strategies that can protect the mitochondria and cover different therapeutic modalities encompassing small molecules, post-transcriptional regulators, and mitochondrial transfer. We also discuss the shortcomings of existing models of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and explore advances in the use of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes as a platform to facilitate the identification of novel treatments against this disorder.
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7
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Kong CY, Guo Z, Song P, Zhang X, Yuan YP, Teng T, Yan L, Tang QZ. Underlying the Mechanisms of Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity: Oxidative Stress and Cell Death. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:760-770. [PMID: 35002523 PMCID: PMC8741835 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.65258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a destructive disease that causes high levels of morbidity and mortality. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly efficient antineoplastic chemotherapeutic drug, but its use places survivors at risk for cardiotoxicity. Many studies have demonstrated that multiple factors are involved in DOX-induced acute cardiotoxicity. Among them, oxidative stress and cell death predominate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying the source and effect of free radicals and dependent cell death pathways induced by DOX. Hence, we attempt to explain the cellular mechanisms of oxidative stress and cell death that elicit acute cardiotoxicity and provide new insights for researchers to discover potential therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Yu-Pei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, RP China
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De Geest B, Mishra M. Role of Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure: Insights from Gene Transfer Studies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111645. [PMID: 34829874 PMCID: PMC8615706 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological circumstances, there is an exquisite balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ROS degradation, resulting in low steady-state ROS levels. ROS participate in normal cellular function and in cellular homeostasis. Oxidative stress is the state of a transient or a persistent increase of steady-state ROS levels leading to disturbed signaling pathways and oxidative modification of cellular constituents. It is a key pathophysiological player in pathological hypertrophy, pathological remodeling, and the development and progression of heart failure. The heart is the metabolically most active organ and is characterized by the highest content of mitochondria of any tissue. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS in the myocardium. The causal role of oxidative stress in heart failure is highlighted by gene transfer studies of three primary antioxidant enzymes, thioredoxin, and heme oxygenase-1, and is further supported by gene therapy studies directed at correcting oxidative stress linked to metabolic risk factors. Moreover, gene transfer studies have demonstrated that redox-sensitive microRNAs constitute potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of heart failure. In conclusion, gene therapy studies have provided strong corroborative evidence for a key role of oxidative stress in pathological remodeling and in the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart De Geest
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-372-059
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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Podyacheva E, Toropova Y. Nicotinamide Riboside for the Prevention and Treatment of Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy. Opportunities and Prospects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103435. [PMID: 34684434 PMCID: PMC8538727 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress in the development of new anticancer strategies, cancer is rapidly spreading around the world and remains one of the most common diseases. For more than 40 years, doxorubicin has been widely used in the treatment of solid and hematological tumors. At the same time, the problem of its cardiotoxicity remains unresolved, despite the high efficiency of this drug. Symptomatic therapy is used as a treatment for side-effects of doxorubicin or pathological conditions that have already appeared in their background. To date, there are no treatment methods for doxorubicin cardiomyopathy as such. A drug such as nicotinamide riboside can play an important role in solving this problem. Nicotinamide riboside is a pyridine nucleoside similar to vitamin B3 that acts as a precursor to NAD+. There is no published research on nicotinamide riboside effects on cardiomyopathy, despite the abundance of works devoted to the mechanisms of its effects in various pathologies. The review analyzes information about the effects of nicotinamide riboside on various experimental models of pathologies, its role in the synthesis of NAD+, and also considers the possibility and prospects of its use for the prevention of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy.
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Protection against Doxorubicin-Related Cardiotoxicity by Jaceosidin Involves the Sirt1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9984330. [PMID: 34422218 PMCID: PMC8371661 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9984330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) is largely limited by its cardiotoxicity. Previous studies have shown that jaceosidin has many biological activities. However, little is known about whether jaceosidin can attenuate DOX-related acute cardiotoxicity. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of jaceosidin on DOX-induced acute cardiotoxicity. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of DOX to establish an acute cardiac injury model. To explore the protective effects, mice were orally administered jaceosidin daily for 7 days, with dosing beginning 2 days before DOX injection. The results demonstrated that jaceosidin dose-dependently reduced free radical generation, inflammation accumulation, and cell loss induced by DOX in cardiomyocytes. Further studies showed that jaceosidin treatment inhibited myocardial oxidative damage and the inflammatory response and attenuated myocardial apoptotic death, thus improving cardiac function in mice injected with DOX. The inhibitory effects of jaceosidin on DOX-related acute cardiotoxicity were mediated by activation of the sirtuin1 (Sirt1) signaling pathway. Jaceosidin lost its protective effect against DOX-related injury in Sirt1-deficient cardiomyocytes and mice. In conclusion, jaceosidin has protective potential in treating DOX-related cardiac injury through activation of the Sirt1 signaling pathway.
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11
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Qin Y, Guo T, Wang Z, Zhao Y. The role of iron in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: recent advances and implication for drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4793-4803. [PMID: 34059858 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00551k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As an anthracycline antibiotic, doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most potent and widely used chemotherapeutic agents for treating various types of tumors. Unfortunately, the clinical application of this drug results in severe side effects, particularly dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. There are multiple mechanisms involved with the cardiotoxicity caused by DOX, among which intracellular iron homeostasis plays an essential role based on a recent discovery. In this mini-review, we summarize the clinical features and symptoms of DOX-dependent cardiotoxicity, discuss the correlation between iron and cardiotoxicity, and highlight the involvement of iron-dependent ferroptotic cell death therein. Recent advances in this topic will aid the development of novel DOX delivery systems with reduced adverse effects, and expand the clinical application of anthracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
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12
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Activation of Nrf2 by miR-152 Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8860883. [PMID: 33574984 PMCID: PMC7857911 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8860883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) could trigger congestive heart failure, which largely limited the clinical use of DOX. microRNAs (miRNAs) were closely involved in the pathogenesis of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of miR-152 on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. To study this, we used an adeno-associated viral vector to overexpress miR-152 in mice 6 weeks before DOX treatment, using a dose mimicking the concentrations used in the clinics. In response to DOX injection, miR-152 was significantly decreased in murine hearts and cardiomyocytes. After DOX treatment, mice with miR-152 overexpression in the hearts developed less cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and myocardial apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that miR-152 overexpression attenuated DOX-related oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell loss in cardiomyocytes, whereas miR-152 knockdown resulted in oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell loss in cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, this effect of miR-152 was dependent on the activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in response to DOX. Notably, Nrf2 deficiency blocked the protective effects of miR-152 against DOX-related cardiac injury in mice. In conclusion, miR-152 protected against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity via the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. These results suggest that miR-152 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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13
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Maayah ZH, Takahara S, Dyck JRB. The beneficial effects of reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the cardiotoxicity and the anti-cancer effects of doxorubicin. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:1-9. [PMID: 32852568 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful broad-spectrum anti-neoplastic anthracycline antibiotic. However, DOX may cause a dose-dependent cardiotoxicity that can eventually progress to congestive heart failure and death. Numerous molecular mechanisms have been implicated in the cardiotoxic effect of DOX including topoisomerase IIβ and generation of free radicals. However, targeting these pathways appears to be insufficient to mitigate the cardiotoxic effects of DOX and/or ultimately reduces the anti-tumor activity of DOX. Thus, there remains a crucial need to identify novel pharmacological targets that can alleviate the cardiotoxic effects of DOX without reducing its anti-tumor activity. Recent studies have suggested that the Nucleotide-Binding Domain-Like Receptor Protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is implicated in tumor progression and the chemoresistance of cancer cells to DOX. Of interest, reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activity alleviates DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, we postulate that strategies that target the NLRP3 inflammasome can help mitigate the cardiotoxic effects of DOX while maintaining and/or even enhancing its anti-cancer activity. Herein, we review the current knowledge about the potential implication of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the anti-cancer and cardiotoxic effects of DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid H Maayah
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shingo Takahara
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,458 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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14
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Follistatin-Like 1 Protects against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy through Upregulation of Nrf2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3598715. [PMID: 32831995 PMCID: PMC7421745 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3598715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin- (DOX-) induced cardiomyocyte loss results in irreversible heart failure, which limits the clinical applications of DOX. Currently, there are no drugs that can effectively treat DOX-related cardiotoxicity. Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) has been reported to be a transforming growth factor-beta-inducible gene, and FSTL1 supplementation attenuated ischemic injury and cardiac apoptotic loss in mice. However, the effect of FSTL1 on DOX-induced cardiomyopathy has not been elucidated. We aimed to explore whether FSTL1 could prevent DOX-related cardiotoxicity in mice. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of DOX to induce acute cardiotoxicity. We used an adeno-associated virus system to overexpress FSTL1 in the heart. DOX administration decreased FSTL1 mRNA and protein expression in the heart and in cells. FSTL1 prevented DOX-related cardiac injury and inhibited cardiac oxidative stress and apoptosis, thereby improving cardiac function in mice. FSTL1 also improved cardiomyocyte contractile functions in vitro. FSTL1 upregulated expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in DOX-treated hearts. FSTL1 was not capable of protecting against these toxic effects in Nrf2-deficient mice. In conclusion, FSTL1 protected against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity via upregulation of Nrf2 expression.
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15
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Sharifi-Rad M, Anil Kumar NV, Zucca P, Varoni EM, Dini L, Panzarini E, Rajkovic J, Tsouh Fokou PV, Azzini E, Peluso I, Prakash Mishra A, Nigam M, El Rayess Y, Beyrouthy ME, Polito L, Iriti M, Martins N, Martorell M, Docea AO, Setzer WN, Calina D, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J. Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:694. [PMID: 32714204 PMCID: PMC7347016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 676] [Impact Index Per Article: 169.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Long term exposure to increased levels of pro-oxidant factors can cause structural defects at a mitochondrial DNA level, as well as functional alteration of several enzymes and cellular structures leading to aberrations in gene expression. The modern lifestyle associated with processed food, exposure to a wide range of chemicals and lack of exercise plays an important role in oxidative stress induction. However, the use of medicinal plants with antioxidant properties has been exploited for their ability to treat or prevent several human pathologies in which oxidative stress seems to be one of the causes. In this review we discuss the diseases in which oxidative stress is one of the triggers and the plant-derived antioxidant compounds with their mechanisms of antioxidant defenses that can help in the prevention of these diseases. Finally, both the beneficial and detrimental effects of antioxidant molecules that are used to reduce oxidative stress in several human conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Jovana Rajkovic
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Elena Azzini
- CREA – Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- CREA – Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H.N.B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar, India
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, India
| | - Youssef El Rayess
- Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marc El Beyrouthy
- Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Letizia Polito
- General Pathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine – DIMES, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Sharifi-Rad M, Anil Kumar NV, Zucca P, Varoni EM, Dini L, Panzarini E, Rajkovic J, Tsouh Fokou PV, Azzini E, Peluso I, Prakash Mishra A, Nigam M, El Rayess Y, Beyrouthy ME, Polito L, Iriti M, Martins N, Martorell M, Docea AO, Setzer WN, Calina D, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J. Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:694. [PMID: 32714204 PMCID: PMC7347016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00694+10.3389/fphys.2020.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Long term exposure to increased levels of pro-oxidant factors can cause structural defects at a mitochondrial DNA level, as well as functional alteration of several enzymes and cellular structures leading to aberrations in gene expression. The modern lifestyle associated with processed food, exposure to a wide range of chemicals and lack of exercise plays an important role in oxidative stress induction. However, the use of medicinal plants with antioxidant properties has been exploited for their ability to treat or prevent several human pathologies in which oxidative stress seems to be one of the causes. In this review we discuss the diseases in which oxidative stress is one of the triggers and the plant-derived antioxidant compounds with their mechanisms of antioxidant defenses that can help in the prevention of these diseases. Finally, both the beneficial and detrimental effects of antioxidant molecules that are used to reduce oxidative stress in several human conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Jovana Rajkovic
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Elena Azzini
- CREA – Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- CREA – Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H.N.B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar, India
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, India
| | - Youssef El Rayess
- Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marc El Beyrouthy
- Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Letizia Polito
- General Pathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine – DIMES, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Sharifi-Rad M, Anil Kumar NV, Zucca P, Varoni EM, Dini L, Panzarini E, Rajkovic J, Tsouh Fokou PV, Azzini E, Peluso I, Prakash Mishra A, Nigam M, El Rayess Y, Beyrouthy ME, Polito L, Iriti M, Martins N, Martorell M, Docea AO, Setzer WN, Calina D, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J. Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:694. [PMID: 32714204 PMCID: PMC7347016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00694 10.3389/fphys.2020.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Long term exposure to increased levels of pro-oxidant factors can cause structural defects at a mitochondrial DNA level, as well as functional alteration of several enzymes and cellular structures leading to aberrations in gene expression. The modern lifestyle associated with processed food, exposure to a wide range of chemicals and lack of exercise plays an important role in oxidative stress induction. However, the use of medicinal plants with antioxidant properties has been exploited for their ability to treat or prevent several human pathologies in which oxidative stress seems to be one of the causes. In this review we discuss the diseases in which oxidative stress is one of the triggers and the plant-derived antioxidant compounds with their mechanisms of antioxidant defenses that can help in the prevention of these diseases. Finally, both the beneficial and detrimental effects of antioxidant molecules that are used to reduce oxidative stress in several human conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Jovana Rajkovic
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Elena Azzini
- CREA – Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- CREA – Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H.N.B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar, India
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, India
| | - Youssef El Rayess
- Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marc El Beyrouthy
- Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Letizia Polito
- General Pathology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine – DIMES, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Rocca C, Pasqua T, Cerra MC, Angelone T. Cardiac Damage in Anthracyclines Therapy: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1081-1097. [PMID: 31928066 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Despite their serious side effects, anthracyclines (ANTs) are the most prescribed chemotherapeutic drugs because of their strong efficacy in both solid and hematological tumors. A major limitation to ANTs clinical application is the severe cardiotoxicity observed both acutely and chronically. The mechanism underlying cardiac dysfunction under chemotherapy is mainly dependent on the generation of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, both of which lead to progressive cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Recent Advances: Over the years, the iatrogenic ANTs-induced cardiotoxicity was believed to be simply given by iron metabolism and reactive oxygen species production; however, several experimental data indicate that ANTs may use alternative damaging mechanisms, such as topoisomerase 2β inhibition, inflammation, pyroptosis, immunometabolism, and autophagy. Critical Issues: In this review, we aimed at discussing ANTs-induced cardiac injury from different points of view, updating and focusing on oxidative stress and inflammation, since these pathways are not exclusive or independent from each other but they together importantly contribute to the complexity of ANTs-induced multifactorial cardiotoxicity. Future Directions: A deeper understanding of the mechanistic signaling leading to ANTs side effects could reveal crucial targeting molecules, thus representing strategic knowledge to promote better therapeutic efficacy and lower cardiotoxicity during clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Laboratory of Organ and System Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
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19
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Doerr V, Montalvo RN, Kwon OS, Talbert EE, Hain BA, Houston FE, Smuder AJ. Prevention of Doxorubicin-Induced Autophagy Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030263. [PMID: 32210013 PMCID: PMC7139604 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical use of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) promotes skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness, adversely affecting patient mobility and strength. Although the mechanisms responsible for DOX-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction remain unclear, studies implicate the significant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this pathology. Supraphysiological ROS levels can enhance protein degradation via autophagy, and it is established that DOX upregulates autophagic signaling in skeletal muscle. To determine the precise contribution of accelerated autophagy to DOX-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction, we inhibited autophagy in the soleus via transduction of a dominant negative mutation of the autophagy related 5 (ATG5) protein. Targeted inhibition of autophagy prevented soleus muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction acutely following DOX administration, which was associated with a reduction in mitochondrial ROS and maintenance of mitochondrial respiratory capacity. These beneficial modifications were potentially the result of enhanced transcription of antioxidant response element-related genes and increased antioxidant capacity. Specifically, our results showed significant upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha, nuclear respiratory factor-1, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone dehydrogenase-1, and catalase in the soleus with DOX treatment when autophagy was inhibited. These findings establish a significant role of autophagy in the development of oxidative stress and skeletal muscle weakness following DOX administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Doerr
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (V.D.); (R.N.M.)
| | - Ryan N. Montalvo
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (V.D.); (R.N.M.)
| | - Oh Sung Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Erin E. Talbert
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Brian A. Hain
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Fraser E. Houston
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL 33606, USA;
| | - Ashley J. Smuder
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (V.D.); (R.N.M.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Pang Z, Zhou J, Sun C. Ditelluride-Bridged PEG-PCL Copolymer as Folic Acid-Targeted and Redox-Responsive Nanoparticles for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. Front Chem 2020; 8:156. [PMID: 32181244 PMCID: PMC7059598 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the nanosized delivery systems with targeting navigation and efficient cargo release for cancer therapy has attracted great attention in recent years. Herein, a folic acid (FA) modified PEGylated polycaprolactone containing ditelluride linkage was synthesized through a facile coupling reaction. The hydrophobic doxorubicin (DOX) can be encapsulated into the polymeric micelles, and such nanoparticles (F-TeNPDOX) exhibited redox-responsive drug release under abundant glutathione (GSH) condition due to the degradation of ditelluride bonds. In addition, flow cytometric analyses showed that the FA ligands on F-TeNPDOX could facilitate their cellular uptake in 4T1 breast cancer cells. Therefore, F-TeNPDOX led to the promoted drug accumulation and enhanced growth inhibition on 4T1 tumor in vivo. The obtained results suggest F-TeNPDOX excellent potential as nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Pang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayan Zhou
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyang Sun
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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21
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Abbas MM, Kandil Yİ, Abbas MA. R-(-)-carvone Attenuated Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity In Vivo and Potentiated Its Anticancer Toxicity In Vitro. Balkan Med J 2020; 37:98-103. [PMID: 31893584 PMCID: PMC7094179 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2019.2019.7.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Doxorubicin is one of the most potent broad-spectrum antitumor and chemotherapeutic agents. However, it produces cardiotoxicity. Aims: To investigate whether R-(-)-carvone exerts a cardioprotective effect against doxorubicin toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Study Design: Cell culture and animal experiment. Methods: The synergistic effect of R-(-)-carvone with doxorubicin was evaluated in the MCF 7 cancer cell line while its protective effect against doxorubicin toxicity was evaluated in the normal heart cell line (H9C2) and in vivo. Furthermore, the mechanism of its cardioprotective effect was studied. Results: R-(-)-carvone exerted cytotoxic action on the MCF 7 cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 14.22 μM and potentiated the cytotoxic action of doxorubicin, while it decreased the toxicity of doxorubicin on a normal heart cell line. In BALB/c mice, R-(-)-carvone protected the heart from the toxic action of doxorubicin, as was evident by biochemical and histological studies. The protective effect of R-(-)-carvone on the H9C2 heart cell line and on heart in vivo was due to an increase in catalase activity. Conclusion: R-(-)-carvone has synergistic anticancer action with doxorubicin on the MCF 7 cell line while decreasing its cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasser İbrahim Kandil
- School of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan,School of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Ahmad Abbas
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
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22
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Understanding of ROS-Inducing Strategy in Anticancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5381692. [PMID: 31929855 PMCID: PMC6939418 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5381692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is essential for the maintenance of diverse cellular processes. Cancer cells have higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than normal cells as a result of hypermetabolism, but the redox balance is maintained in cancer cells due to their marked antioxidant capacity. Recently, anticancer therapies that induce oxidative stress by increasing ROS and/or inhibiting antioxidant processes have received significant attention. The acceleration of accumulative ROS disrupts redox homeostasis and causes severe damage in cancer cells. In this review, we describe ROS-inducing cancer therapy and the anticancer mechanism employed by prooxidative agents. To understand the comprehensive biological response to certain prooxidative anticancer drugs such as 2-methoxyestradiol, buthionine sulfoximine, cisplatin, doxorubicin, imexon, and motexafin gadolinium, we propose and visualize the drug-gene, drug-cell process, and drug-disease interactions involved in oxidative stress induction and antioxidant process inhibition as well as specific side effects of these drugs using pathway analysis with a big data-based text-mining approach. Our review will be helpful to improve the therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs by providing information about biological changes that occur in response to prooxidants. For future directions, there is still a need for pharmacogenomic studies on prooxidative agents as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the prooxidants and/or antioxidant-inhibitor agents for effective anticancer therapy through selective killing of cancer cells.
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23
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Ajzashokouhi AH, Bostan HB, Jomezadeh V, Hayes AW, Karimi G. A review on the cardioprotective mechanisms of metformin against doxorubicin. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:237-248. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119888277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antineoplastic agent obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is utilized in treating different kinds of cancers, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and lung, and breast cancers. The main side effect of DOX is cardiotoxicity. Metformin (MET) is an antihyperglycemic drug used for type 2 diabetes treatment. It is proposed that MET has a protective effect against DOX cardiotoxicity. Our review demonstrated that MET has several possible mechanisms of action, which can prevent or at least reduce DOX cardiotoxicity including a decrease of free radical generation and oxidative stress, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation, and ferritin heavy chain expression in cardiomyocytes cells. The combination of MET and DOX has been shown to enhance the anticancer activity of DOX by a number of authors. The literature reviewed in the present report supports the hypothesis that MET can reduce the cardiotoxicity that often occurs with DOX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- AH Ajzashokouhi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - HB Bostan
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - V Jomezadeh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - AW Hayes
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G Karimi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Faiq MA, Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Chan KC. Cholinergic nervous system and glaucoma: From basic science to clinical applications. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 72:100767. [PMID: 31242454 PMCID: PMC6739176 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic system has a crucial role to play in visual function. Although cholinergic drugs have been a focus of attention as glaucoma medications for reducing eye pressure, little is known about the potential modality for neuronal survival and/or enhancement in visual impairments. Citicoline, a naturally occurring compound and FDA approved dietary supplement, is a nootropic agent that is recently demonstrated to be effective in ameliorating ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular diseases, memory disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in both humans and animal models. The mechanisms of its action appear to be multifarious including (i) preservation of cardiolipin, sphingomyelin, and arachidonic acid contents of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, (ii) restoration of phosphatidylcholine, (iii) stimulation of glutathione synthesis, (iv) lowering glutamate concentrations and preventing glutamate excitotoxicity, (v) rescuing mitochondrial function thereby preventing oxidative damage and onset of neuronal apoptosis, (vi) synthesis of myelin leading to improvement in neuronal membrane integrity, (vii) improving acetylcholine synthesis and thereby reducing the effects of mental stress and (viii) preventing endothelial dysfunction. Such effects have vouched for citicoline as a neuroprotective, neurorestorative and neuroregenerative agent. Retinal ganglion cells are neurons with long myelinated axons which provide a strong rationale for citicoline use in visual pathway disorders. Since glaucoma is a form of neurodegeneration involving retinal ganglion cells, citicoline may help ameliorate glaucomatous damages in multiple facets. Additionally, trans-synaptic degeneration has been identified in humans and experimental models of glaucoma suggesting the cholinergic system as a new brain target for glaucoma management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb A Faiq
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin C Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States; Department of Radiology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States; Center for Neural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
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Xue M, Joo YA, Li S, Niu C, Chen G, Yi X, Liang Y, Chen Z, Shen Y, Ye W, Cai L, Wang X, Jin L, Cong W. Metallothionein Protects the Heart Against Myocardial Infarction via the mTORC2/FoxO3a/Bim Pathway. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:403-419. [PMID: 30860395 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Cardiac-specific overexpression of metallothionein (MT) has been shown to be beneficial in ischemic heart disease, but the detailed mechanisms through which MT protects against myocardial infarction (MI) remain unknown. This study assessed the involvement of the mTORC2/FoxO3a/Bim pathway in the cardioprotective effects of MT. Results: MI was induced in wild-type (FVB) mice and in cardiac-specific MT-overexpressing transgenic (MT-TG) mice by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Cardiac function was better; infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were lower in MT-TG mice than in FVB mice after MI. Moreover, MT-TG mice exhibited better phenotypes after LAD ligation than FVB mice treated with Mn(III)tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin pentachloride (MnTMPyP; a reactive oxygen species [ROS] scavenger) and cardiac-specific catalase-overexpressing transgenic (CAT-TG) mice, which showed the same ROS levels as MT-TG mice after MI. Activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) was essential for the cardioprotective effects of MT against MI. In addition, MT attenuated the downregulation of phospho-FoxO3a after MI, inhibiting the expression of the apoptosis-associated gene Bim, located downstream of FoxO3a, and reducing the level of apoptosis after MI. To mimic ischemic-injured FVB and MT-TG mice in vitro, H9c2 and MT-overexpressing H9c2 (H9c2MT7) cardiomyocytes were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation, with the results being consistent with those obtained in vivo. Innovation and Conclusion: The cardioprotective effects of MT against MI are not entirely dependent upon its ability to eliminate ROS. Rather, MT overexpression mostly protects against MI through the mTORC2-FoxO3a-Bim pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- 1 Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Young A Joo
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Santie Li
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Niu
- 3 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Chen
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchu Yi
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzhi Liang
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- 3 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Shen
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Ye
- 3 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Cai
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Xu Wang
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Litai Jin
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weitao Cong
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Favreau-Lessard AJ, Blaszyk H, Jones MA, Sawyer DB, Pinz IM. Systemic and cardiac susceptibility of immune compromised mice to doxorubicin. CARDIO-ONCOLOGY 2019; 5:2. [PMID: 32154009 PMCID: PMC7048100 DOI: 10.1186/s40959-019-0037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Anthracycline chemotherapy is an effective and widely used treatment for solid tumors and hematological malignancies regardless of its known cardiotoxicity. The mechanisms of the cardiotoxicity are not fully understood and methods to protect the heart during or following anthracycline chemotherapy are currently unclear. In order to examine the efficacy of human cell based therapy in anthracycline-induced injury, we characterized a mouse model using an immune compromised strain of mice capable of accepting human cells. Methods Immune compromised mice (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ) were repeatedly exposed to pharmaceutical grade doxorubicin (0.5 mg/kg – 4 mg/kg). Cardiotoxicity was assessed by echocardiography and μCT imaging of the coronary vascular bed as well as by flow cytometry and by histological assessments of anthracycline-induced cardiac tissue damage. Results The immune compromised mice were highly susceptible to doxorubicin treatment. Doxorubicin induced both systemic and cardiac toxicities. Gastrointestinal and hepatic injury occurred at 4 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg dosing while mice receiving 0.5 mg/kg weekly only displayed hepatic damage. Repeated exposure to 0.5 mg/kg anthracyclines resulted in cardiac toxicity. Flow cytometric analysis of hearts indicated a loss in endothelial and cardiac progenitor cells after doxorubicin treatment. This endothelial loss is corroborated by the lack of small vessels detected by μCT in the hearts of mice exposed to doxorubicin. Histological assessment shows no overt cardiomyocyte injury but livers from mice treated with doxorubicin show marked hepatic plate atrophy with intracytoplasmic and canalicular cholestasis, rare pericentral hepatocellular necrosis and significant zone 3 iron accumulation, likely an indication of metabolic injury due to doxorubicin toxicity. Conclusions Immune compromised mice are sensitive to doxorubicin therapy resulting in systemic complications in addition to cardiovascular toxicity. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is observed at very low doses in NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Favreau-Lessard
- 1Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA
| | - Hagen Blaszyk
- 2Pathology Department, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall St, Portland, ME 04102 USA
| | - Michael A Jones
- 2Pathology Department, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall St, Portland, ME 04102 USA
| | - Douglas B Sawyer
- 1Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA.,3Maine Medical Center, Cardiovascular Services, 22 Bramhall St, Portland, ME 04102 USA
| | - Ilka M Pinz
- 1Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA
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27
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Catalase and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1721-1737. [PMID: 30120555 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance are considered the main causes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and oxidative stress accelerates the progression of NAFLD. Free fatty acids, which are elevated in the liver by obesity or insulin resistance, lead to incomplete oxidation in the mitochondria, peroxisomes, and microsomes, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among the ROS generated, H2O2 is mainly produced in peroxisomes and decomposed by catalase. However, when the H2O2 concentration increases because of decreased expression or activity of catalase, it migrates to cytosol and other organelles, causing cell injury and participating in the Fenton reaction, resulting in serious oxidative stress. To date, numerous studies have been shown to inhibit the pathogenesis of NAFLD, but treatment for this disease mainly depends on weight loss and exercise. Various molecules such as vitamin E, metformin, liraglutide, and resveratrol have been proposed as therapeutic agents, but further verification of the dose setting, clinical application, and side effects is needed. Reducing oxidative stress may be a fundamental method for improving not only the progression of NAFLD but also obesity and insulin resistance. However, the relationship between NAFLD progression and antioxidants, particularly catalase, which is most commonly expressed in the liver, remains unclear. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of catalase, focusing on its potential therapeutic effects in NAFLD progression.
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Ferdinandy P, Baczkó I, Bencsik P, Giricz Z, Görbe A, Pacher P, Varga ZV, Varró A, Schulz R. Definition of hidden drug cardiotoxicity: paradigm change in cardiac safety testing and its clinical implications. Eur Heart J 2018; 40:1771-1777. [PMID: 29982507 PMCID: PMC6554653 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unexpected cardiac adverse effects are the leading causes of discontinuation of clinical trials and withdrawal of drugs from the market. Since the original observations in the mid-90s, it has been well established that cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities (such as ageing, hyperlipidaemia, and diabetes) and their medications (e.g. nitrate tolerance, adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium inhibitor antidiabetic drugs, statins, etc.) may interfere with cardiac ischaemic tolerance and endogenous cardioprotective signalling pathways. Indeed drugs may exert unwanted effects on the diseased and treated heart that is hidden in the healthy myocardium. Hidden cardiotoxic effects may be due to (i) drug-induced enhancement of deleterious signalling due to ischaemia/reperfusion injury and/or the presence of risk factors and/or (ii) inhibition of cardioprotective survival signalling pathways, both of which may lead to ischaemia-related cell death and/or pro-arrhythmic effects. This led to a novel concept of ‘hidden cardiotoxicity’, defined as cardiotoxity of a drug that manifests only in the diseased heart with e.g. ischaemia/reperfusion injury and/or in the presence of its major comorbidities. Little is known on the mechanism of hidden cardiotoxocity, moreover, hidden cardiotoxicity cannot be revealed by the routinely used non-clinical cardiac safety testing methods on healthy animals or tissues. Therefore, here, we emphasize the need for development of novel cardiac safety testing platform involving combined experimental models of cardiac diseases (especially myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion and ischaemic conditioning) in the presence and absence of major cardiovascular comorbidities and/or cotreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Hajnoczy u. 6, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Hajnoczy u. 6, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Hajnoczy u. 6, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 129, Giessen, Germany
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Programming of Cell Resistance to Genotoxic and Oxidative Stress. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6010005. [PMID: 29301323 PMCID: PMC5874662 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different organisms, cell types, and even similar cell lines can dramatically differ in resistance to genotoxic stress. This testifies to the wide opportunities for genetic and epigenetic regulation of stress resistance. These opportunities could be used to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapy, develop new varieties of plants and animals, and search for new pharmacological targets to enhance human radioresistance, which can be used for manned deep space expeditions. Based on the comparison of transcriptomic studies in cancer cells, in this review, we propose that there is a high diversity of genetic mechanisms of development of genotoxic stress resistance. This review focused on possibilities and limitations of the regulation of the resistance of normal cells and whole organisms to genotoxic and oxidative stress by the overexpressing of stress-response genes. Moreover, the existing experimental data on the effect of such overexpression on the resistance of cells and organisms to various genotoxic agents has been analyzed and systematized. We suggest that the recent advances in the development of multiplex and highly customizable gene overexpression technology that utilizes the mutant Cas9 protein and the abundance of available data on gene functions and their signal networks open new opportunities for research in this field.
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Jiang X, Hong Y, Zhao D, Meng X, Zhao L, Du Y, Wang Z, Zheng Y, Cai L, Jiang H. Low dose radiation prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Oncotarget 2017; 9:332-345. [PMID: 29416617 PMCID: PMC5787469 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a novel and non-invasive approach, low-dose radiation (LDR, 75 mGy X-rays), to prevent doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups, Control, LDR (a single exposure), Sham (treated same as LDR group except for irradiation), DOX (a single intraperitoneal injection of DOX at 7.5 mg/kg), and LDR/DOX (received LDR and 72 h later received DOX). Electrocardiogram analysis displayed several kinds of abnormal ECG profiles in DOX-treated mice, but less in LDR/DOX group. Cardiotoxicity indices included histopathological changes, oxidative stress markers, and measurements of mitochondrial membrane permeability. Pretreatment of DOX group with LDR reduced oxidative damages (reactive oxygen species formation, protein nitration, and lipid peroxidation) and increased the activities of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the heart of LDR/DOX mice compared to DOX mice. Pretreatment of DOX-treated mice with LDR also decreased DOX-induced cardiac cell apoptosis (TUNEL staining and cleaved caspase-3) and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (increased p53, Bax, and caspase-9 expression and decreased Bcl2 expression and ΔΨm dissipation). These results suggest that LDR could induce adaptation of the heart to DOX-induced toxicity. Cardiac protection by LDR may attribute to attenuate DOX-induced cell death via suppressing mitochondrial-dependent oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yaqiong Hong
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xinxin Meng
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lijing Zhao
- The School of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yanwei Du
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zan Wang
- Department of Internal Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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Pawar S, Mahajan K, Vavia P. In Vivo Anticancer Efficacy and Toxicity Studies of a Novel Polymer Conjugate N-Acetyl Glucosamine (NAG)-PEG-Doxorubicin for Targeted Cancer Therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:3021-3033. [PMID: 28497240 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel polymer-drug conjugate, polyethylene glycol-N-(acetyl)-glucosamine-doxorubicin (PEG-NAG-DOX) was evaluated in this study for its in vivo potential for treatment of tumours demonstrating improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. The proposed polymer-drug conjugate comprised of polyethylene glycol-maleimide (mPEG-MAL, 30000 Da) as a carrier, doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug and N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) as a targeting moiety as well as penetration enhancer. Doxorubicin has a potent and promising anticancer activity; however, severe cardiotoxicity limits its application in cancer treatment. By modifying DOX in PEG-NAG-DOX prodrug conjugate, we aimed to eliminate this limitation. In vivo anticancer efficacy of the conjugate was evaluated using BDF mice-induced skin melanoma model by i.v. administration of DOX conjugates. Anticancer efficacy studies were done by comparing tumour volume, body weight, organ index and percent survival rate of the animals. Tumour suppression achieved by PEG-NAG-DOX at the cumulative dose of 7.5 mg/kg was two-fold better than that achieved by DOX solution. Also, the survival rate for PEG-NAG-DOX conjugate was >70% as compared to <50% survival rate for DOX solution. In addition, toxicity studies and histopathological studies revealed that while maintaining its cytotoxicity towards tumour cells, PEG-NAG-DOX conjugate showed no toxicities to major organs. Therefore, PEG-NAG-DOX conjugate can be suggested as a desirable candidate for targeted cancer therapy.
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Johnson R, Shabalala S, Louw J, Kappo AP, Muller CJF. Aspalathin Reverts Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity through Increased Autophagy and Decreased Expression of p53/mTOR/p62 Signaling. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101589. [PMID: 28937626 PMCID: PMC6151817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various cancers. Its clinical use is often limited due to its potentially fatal cardiotoxic side effect. Increasing evidence indicates that tumour protein p53 (p53), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nucleoporin p62 (p62), and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are critical mediators of Dox-induced apoptosis, and subsequent dysregulation of autophagy. Aspalathin, a polyphenolic dihydrochalcone C-glucoside has been shown to activate AMPK while decreasing the expression of p53. However, the role that aspalathin could play in the inhibition of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity through increased autophagy flux remained unexplored. H9c2 cardiomyocytes and Caov-3 ovarian cancer cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium and treated with or without Dox for five days. Thereafter, cells exposed to 0.2 µM Dox were co-treated with either 20 µM Dexrazozane (Dexra) or 0.2 µM aspalathin (ASP) daily for 5 days. Results obtained showed that ASP mediates its cytoprotective effect in a p53-dependent manner, by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decreasing apoptosis. The latter effect was diminished through ASP-induced activation of autophagy-related genes (Atgs) with an associated decrease in p62 through induction of AMPK and Fox01. Furthermore, we showed that ASP was able to potentiate this effect without decreasing the anti-cancer efficacy of Dox, as could be observed in Caov-3 ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, the data presented in this study provides a credible mechanism by which ASP co-treatment could protect the myocardium from Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Samukelisiwe Shabalala
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Christo John Frederick Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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Rapti K, Diokmetzidou A, Kloukina I, Milner DJ, Varela A, Davos CH, Capetanaki Y. Opposite effects of catalase and MnSOD ectopic expression on stress induced defects and mortality in the desmin deficient cardiomyopathy model. Free Radic Biol Med 2017. [PMID: 28629836 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked strongly to cell death and cardiac remodeling processes, all hallmarks of heart failure. Mice deficient for desmin (des-/-), the major muscle specific intermediate filament protein, develop dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure characterized by mitochondrial defects and cardiomyocyte death. The cellular and biochemical alterations in the hearts of these mice strongly suggest that oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of the phenotype. Recently, we showed that indeed the desmin deficient cardiomyocytes are under increased oxidative stress. In order to verify these findings in vivo, we generated transgenic animals overexpressing SOD2 (MnSOD) and/or catalase in the heart and crossed them with des-/- mice, thus allowing us to evaluate the contribution of oxidative injury in inherited cardiomyopathies, as well as the therapeutic potential of antioxidant strategies. Moderate MnSOD and/or catalase overexpression in des-/- hearts leads to a marked decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), ameliorates mitochondrial and other ultrastructural defects, minimizes myocardial degeneration and leads to a significant improvement of cardiac function. Importantly, catalase overexpression increased the 50% survival rate of des-/- mice in an obligatory exercise to 100%. In contrast, MnSOD overexpression enhanced the lethality of des-/- mice, underscoring the importance of a fine balanced cellular redox status. Overall, the present study supports the contribution of oxidative stress in the development of des-/- cardiomyopathy and points to a well-considered antioxidant treatment as therapeutic for cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleopatra Rapti
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Antigoni Diokmetzidou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Ismini Kloukina
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Derek J Milner
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Yassemi Capetanaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
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Shabalala S, Muller C, Louw J, Johnson R. Polyphenols, autophagy and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Life Sci 2017; 180:160-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wang X, Tao Y, Huang Y, Zhan K, Xue M, Wang Y, Ruan D, Liang Y, Huang X, Lin J, Chen Z, Lv L, Li S, Chen G, Wang Y, Chen R, Cong W, Jin L. Catalase ameliorates diabetes-induced cardiac injury through reduced p65/RelA- mediated transcription of BECN1. J Cell Mol Med 2017. [PMID: 28643395 PMCID: PMC5706580 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalase is an antioxidative enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) produced by superoxide dismutase from highly reactive superoxide (O2- ) to water and oxygen molecules. Although recent findings demonstrate that catalase, autophagy and the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway are centrally involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), the interplay between the three has not been fully characterized. Thus, the mechanism responsible for catalase-mediated protection against heart injury in diabetic mice was investigated in this study, as well as the role of NF-κB-p65 in the regulation of autophagic flux was investigated in this study. Western blot analysis revealed that catalase inhibited NF-κB activity and decreased LC3-II (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) and beclin-1 (Atg6) expression. Furthermore, up-regulation of autophagy was detrimental for cardiac function in diabetic mice. Catalase overexpression reduced the level of NF-κB subunit in the nucleus, where it initiates autophagy through activation of the key autophagy gene BECN1. To evaluate the role of the NF-κB pathway in diabetes-induced autophagy, Bay11-7082, an NF-κB inhibitor, was injected into diabetic mice, which suppressed NF-κB and attenuated diabetes-induced autophagy and myocardial apoptosis. In agreement with the in vivo results, Bay11-7082 also inhibited high-glucose-induced activation of NF-κB and the up-regulation of LC3-II and beclin-1 expression in H9c2 cells. In addition, high-glucose-induced activation of autophagic flux and apoptosis were largely attenuated by p65 siRNA, suggesting that catalase ameliorates diabetes-induced autophagy, at least in part by increasing the activity of the NF-κB pathway and p65-mediated transcription of BECN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Youli Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Ningbo Medical Centre Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yewei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kungao Zhan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mei Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Ruan
- The Health Examination Center, the 117th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangzhi Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Lin
- The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lingchun Lv
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Santie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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UVRAG Deficiency Exacerbates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43251. [PMID: 28225086 PMCID: PMC5320807 DOI: 10.1038/srep43251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of various types of cancers. However, its clinical application has been largely limited by potential development of cardiotoxicity. Previously we have shown that ultra-violet radiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG), an autophagy-related protein, is essential for the maintenance of autophagic flux in the heart under physiological conditions. Here, we sought to determine the role of UVRAG-mediated autophagy in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Mouse models of acute or chronic DOX-induced cardiotoxicity were established. UVRAG deficiency exacerbated DOX-induced mortality and cardiotoxicity manifested by increased cytoplasmic vacuolization, enhanced collagen accumulation, elevated serum activities of lactate dehydrogenase and myocardial muscle creatine kinase, higher ROS levels, aggravated apoptosis and more depressed cardiac function. Autophagic flux was impaired in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. UVRAG deficiency aggravated impaired autophagic flux in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Intermittent fasting restored autophagy and ameliorated pathological alterations of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Collectively, our data suggest that UVRAG deficiency exacerbates DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, at least in part, through aggravation of DOX-induced impaired autophagic flux. Intermittent fasting, which restores blunted autophagic flux and ameliorates pathology in the mouse models of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, may be used as a potential preventive or therapeutic approach for DOX cardiotoxicity.
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Ma Y, Yang L, Ma J, Lu L, Wang X, Ren J, Yang J. Rutin attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via regulating autophagy and apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1904-1911. [PMID: 28069395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin as anticancer agent can cause dose-dependent cardiotoxicity and heart failure in the long term. Rutin as a polyphenolic flavonoid has been illustrated to protect hearts from diverse cardiovascular diseases. Its function is known to be related to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity which may regulate multiple cellular signal pathways. However, the role of rutin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity has yet to be discovered. In this study, we explored the protective role of rutin on doxorubicin-induced heart failure and elucidated the potential mechanisms of protective effects of rutin against cardiomyocyte death. We analyzed cardiac tissues at the time point of 8weeks after doxorubicin treatment. The results by echocardiography, TUNEL staining, Masson's trichrome staining as well as Western blot analysis revealed that doxorubicin induced remarkable cardiac dysfunction and cardiotoxicity in mice hearts and cardiomyocytes, which were alleviated by rutin treatment. Western blot analysis indicated that the underlying mechanisms included inhibition excessive autophagy and apoptosis mediated by Akt activation. Collectively, our findings suggest that suppression of autophagy and apoptosis by administration of rutin could attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, which enhances our knowledge to explore new drugs and strategies for combating this devastating side effect induced by doxorubicin. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Genetic and epigenetic control of heart failure - edited by Jun Ren & Megan Yingmei Zhang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jipeng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Linhe Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Weeks KL, Bernardo BC, Ooi JYY, Patterson NL, McMullen JR. The IGF1-PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway in Mediating Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Protection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1000:187-210. [PMID: 29098623 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4304-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity or exercise training can lead to heart enlargement known as cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy is broadly defined as an increase in heart mass. In adults, cardiac hypertrophy is often considered a poor prognostic sign because it often progresses to heart failure. Heart enlargement in a setting of cardiac disease is referred to as pathological cardiac hypertrophy and is typically characterized by cell death and depressed cardiac function. By contrast, physiological cardiac hypertrophy, as occurs in response to chronic exercise training (i.e. the 'athlete's heart'), is associated with normal or enhanced cardiac function. The following chapter describes the morphologically distinct types of heart growth, and the key role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) - phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway in regulating exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac protection. Finally we summarize therapeutic approaches that target the IGF1-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which are showing promise in preclinical models of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Jenny Y Y Ooi
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Natalie L Patterson
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Ghosh AK, Rai R, Park KE, Eren M, Miyata T, Wilsbacher LD, Vaughan DE. A small molecule inhibitor of PAI-1 protects against doxorubicin-induced cellular senescence. Oncotarget 2016; 7:72443-72457. [PMID: 27736799 PMCID: PMC5341920 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, is a commonly used anticancer drug. In spite of its widespread usage, its therapeutic effect is limited by its cardiotoxicity. On the cellular level, Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity manifests as stress induced premature senescence. Previously, we demonstrated that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a potent inhibitor of serine proteases, is an important biomarker and regulator of cellular senescence and aging. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pharmacological inhibition of cellular PAI-1 protects against stress- and aging-induced cellular senescence and delineated the molecular basis of protective action of PAI-1 inhibition. Results show that TM5441, a potent small molecule inhibitor of PAI-1, effectively prevents Doxorubicin-induced senescence in cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. TM5441 exerts its inhibitory effect on Doxorubicin-induced cellular senescence by decreasing reactive oxygen species generation, induction of antioxidants like catalase and suppression of stress-induced senescence cadre p53, p21, p16, PAI-1 and IGFBP3. Importantly, TM5441 also reduces replicative senescence of fibroblasts. Together these results for the first time demonstrate the efficacy of PAI-1 inhibitor in prevention of Doxorubicin-induced and replicative senescence in normal cells. Thus PAI-1 inhibitor may form an important adjuvant component of chemotherapy regimens, limiting not only Doxorubicin-induced cardiac senescence but also ameliorating the prothrombotic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K. Ghosh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rahul Rai
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kitae E. Park
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mesut Eren
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Toshio Miyata
- United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Lisa D. Wilsbacher
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Douglas E. Vaughan
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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40
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Peroxisomes are organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. The organs with the highest density of peroxisomes are the liver and kidneys. Peroxisomes possess more than fifty enzymes and fulfill a multitude of biological tasks. They actively participate in apoptosis, innate immunity, and inflammation. In recent years, a considerable amount of evidence has been collected to support the involvement of peroxisomes in the pathogenesis of kidney injury. RECENT ADVANCES The nature of the two most important peroxisomal tasks, beta-oxidation of fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide turnover, functionally relates peroxisomes to mitochondria. Further support for their communication and cooperation is furnished by the evidence that both organelles share the components of their division machinery. Until recently, the majority of studies on the molecular mechanisms of kidney injury focused primarily on mitochondria and neglected peroxisomes. CRITICAL ISSUES The aim of this concise review is to introduce the reader to the field of peroxisome biology and to provide an overview of the evidence about the contribution of peroxisomes to the development and progression of kidney injury. The topics of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, endotoxin-induced kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, as well as the potential therapeutic implications of peroxisome activation, are addressed in this review. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite recent progress, further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms induced by dysfunctional peroxisomes and the role of the dysregulated mitochondria-peroxisome axis in the pathogenesis of renal injury. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 217-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radovan Vasko
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen, Germany
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41
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Wang L, Zhang TP, Zhang Y, Bi HL, Guan XM, Wang HX, Wang X, Du J, Xia YL, Li HH. Protection against doxorubicin-induced myocardial dysfunction in mice by cardiac-specific expression of carboxyl terminus of hsp70-interacting protein. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28399. [PMID: 27323684 PMCID: PMC4914971 DOI: 10.1038/srep28399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a critical ubiquitin ligase/cochaperone to reduce cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophage etc. However, it is unclear whether overexpression of CHIP in the heart would exert protective effects against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. Cardiac-specific CHIP transgenic (CHIP-TG) mice and the wild-type (WT) littermates were treated with DOX or saline. DOX-induced cardiac atrophy, dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were significantly attenuated in CHIP-TG mice. CHIP-TG mice also showed higher survival rate than that of WT mice (40% versus 10%) after 10-day administration of DOX. In contrast, knockdown of CHIP by siRNA in vitro further enhanced DOX-induced cardiotoxic effects. Global gene microarray assay revealed that after DOX-treatment, differentially expressed genes between WT and CHIP-TG mice were mainly involved in apoptosis, atrophy, immune/inflammation and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, CHIP directly promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p53 and SHP-1, which results in activation of ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathways thereby ameliorating DOX-induced cardiac toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Tian-Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Hai-Lian Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xu-Min Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Hong-Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital the Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun-Long Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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42
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Lei XG, Zhu JH, Cheng WH, Bao Y, Ho YS, Reddi AR, Holmgren A, Arnér ESJ. Paradoxical Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes: Basic Mechanisms and Health Implications. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:307-64. [PMID: 26681794 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated enzymatic processes. Because ROS/RNS can induce oxidative injury and act in redox signaling, enzymes metabolizing them will inherently promote either health or disease, depending on the physiological context. It is thus misleading to consider conventionally called antioxidant enzymes to be largely, if not exclusively, health protective. Because such a notion is nonetheless common, we herein attempt to rationalize why this simplistic view should be avoided. First we give an updated summary of physiological phenotypes triggered in mouse models of overexpression or knockout of major antioxidant enzymes. Subsequently, we focus on a series of striking cases that demonstrate "paradoxical" outcomes, i.e., increased fitness upon deletion of antioxidant enzymes or disease triggered by their overexpression. We elaborate mechanisms by which these phenotypes are mediated via chemical, biological, and metabolic interactions of the antioxidant enzymes with their substrates, downstream events, and cellular context. Furthermore, we propose that novel treatments of antioxidant enzyme-related human diseases may be enabled by deliberate targeting of dual roles of the pertaining enzymes. We also discuss the potential of "antioxidant" nutrients and phytochemicals, via regulating the expression or function of antioxidant enzymes, in preventing, treating, or aggravating chronic diseases. We conclude that "paradoxical" roles of antioxidant enzymes in physiology, health, and disease derive from sophisticated molecular mechanisms of redox biology and metabolic homeostasis. Simply viewing antioxidant enzymes as always being beneficial is not only conceptually misleading but also clinically hazardous if such notions underpin medical treatment protocols based on modulation of redox pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gen Lei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongping Bao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ye-Shih Ho
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit R Reddi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing,China; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia; and Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Vyas D, Deshpande K, Chaturvedi L, Gieric L, Ching K. Rapid Extensive Recurrence of Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Are Both Therapy and Cancer Biology the Culprit? J Clin Med Res 2015; 8:162-7. [PMID: 26767086 PMCID: PMC4701073 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr2365w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises 17-20% of all breast cancers and is one of the most common breast cancers. The lack of therapy and failure of existing therapy has been a challenge for clinicians. Doxorubicin (DOX) is the first-line therapy, however, it has significant limitations. Rapid extensive recurrence with metastasis in any cancer has been a challenge for surgeons and medical oncologists. The challenge can be due to failure of therapy, drug resistance, or epigenetic changes. Here, we are discussing a stage I breast cancer patient, operated and treated with appropriate chemotherapy with complete response, which recurred in less than 8 months and metastasized to bone, liver and other organs. We are also presenting lab data of the IL-6 secretions on exposure to DOX in one of the most commonly used TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231. Breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 upon exposure to DOX shows an increase in IL-6 levels more than the already elevated IL-6 levels. This might be a reason for early recurrence. We concluded that patients with TNBC might benefit from a standard DOX treatment regimen with an inflammation-blocking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Vyas
- 61391 ODE Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 Fourth Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Kaivalya Deshpande
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, 1200 East Michigan Avenue, Suite 655, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lakshmishankar Chaturvedi
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, 1200 East Michigan Avenue, Suite 655, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Laput Gieric
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, 1200 East Michigan Avenue, Suite 655, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Karen Ching
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, 1200 East Michigan Avenue, Suite 655, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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44
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Yao C, Behring JB, Shao D, Sverdlov AL, Whelan SA, Elezaby A, Yin X, Siwik DA, Seta F, Costello CE, Cohen RA, Matsui R, Colucci WS, McComb ME, Bachschmid MM. Overexpression of Catalase Diminishes Oxidative Cysteine Modifications of Cardiac Proteins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144025. [PMID: 26642319 PMCID: PMC4671598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive protein cysteine thiolates are instrumental in redox regulation. Oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), react with thiolates to form oxidative post-translational modifications, enabling physiological redox signaling. Cardiac disease and aging are associated with oxidative stress which can impair redox signaling by altering essential cysteine thiolates. We previously found that cardiac-specific overexpression of catalase (Cat), an enzyme that detoxifies excess H2O2, protected from oxidative stress and delayed cardiac aging in mice. Using redox proteomics and systems biology, we sought to identify the cysteines that could play a key role in cardiac disease and aging. With a ‘Tandem Mass Tag’ (TMT) labeling strategy and mass spectrometry, we investigated differential reversible cysteine oxidation in the cardiac proteome of wild type and Cat transgenic (Tg) mice. Reversible cysteine oxidation was measured as thiol occupancy, the ratio of total available versus reversibly oxidized cysteine thiols. Catalase overexpression globally decreased thiol occupancy by ≥1.3 fold in 82 proteins, including numerous mitochondrial and contractile proteins. Systems biology analysis assigned the majority of proteins with differentially modified thiols in Cat Tg mice to pathways of aging and cardiac disease, including cellular stress response, proteostasis, and apoptosis. In addition, Cat Tg mice exhibited diminished protein glutathione adducts and decreased H2O2 production from mitochondrial complex I and II, suggesting improved function of cardiac mitochondria. In conclusion, our data suggest that catalase may alleviate cardiac disease and aging by moderating global protein cysteine thiol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Yao
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jessica B. Behring
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Di Shao
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aaron L. Sverdlov
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Whelan
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aly Elezaby
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Siwik
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Catherine E. Costello
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Cohen
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Reiko Matsui
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wilson S. Colucci
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark E. McComb
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MMB); (MEM)
| | - Markus M. Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MMB); (MEM)
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Rong J, Li L, Jing L, Fang H, Peng S. JAK2/STAT3 Pathway Mediates Protection of Metallothionein Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Mouse Cardiomyocytes. Int J Toxicol 2015; 35:317-26. [PMID: 26526549 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815614261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most important anticancer agents; however, its clinical application is limited by its severe cardiotoxicity. In our previous study, we found that the gene expression levels of the Janus-activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway were different between MT(-/-) cardiomyocytes and MT(+/+) cardiomyocytes when they were treated with Dox. Thus, this study was intended to investigate the role of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in metallothionein (MT) protection of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Tyrphostin AG490 (α-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide) is a synthetic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor which at first has been considered as a specific JAK2 inhibitor and can inhibit the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In the present study, AG490 was used to assess the role of JAK2/STAT3 in MT protection against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. The AG490 can attenuate the MT protection by increasing lactate dehydrogenase and the number of apoptotic cells. Interestingly, pretreated with AG490, MT(-/-) cardiomyocytes were more sensitive than MT(+/+) to Dox-induced cytotoxicity as measured by reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation. Metallothionein 1 and MT-2 messenger RNA were upregulated by Dox, and AG490 decreased the protein expression of MT-1 and MT-2. After Dox treatment, the protein expression of p-Jak2 and p-Stat3 levels was significantly increased in MT(+/+) cardiomyocytes, suggesting that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway was partially involved in MT protection against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Rong
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China Pharmacy College of Henan University, Kaifeng, PR China
| | - Lizhong Li
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Jing
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haiqin Fang
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China Pharmacy College of Henan University, Kaifeng, PR China
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Cong W, Ruan D, Xuan Y, Niu C, Tao Y, Wang Y, Zhan K, Cai L, Jin L, Tan Y. Cardiac-specific overexpression of catalase prevents diabetes-induced pathological changes by inhibiting NF-κB signaling activation in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:314-25. [PMID: 26456065 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that specifically catabolizes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Overexpression of catalase via a heart-specific promoter (CAT-TG) was reported to reduce diabetes-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further prevent diabetes-induced pathological abnormalities, including cardiac structural derangement and left ventricular abnormity in mice. However, the mechanism by which catalase overexpression protects heart function remains unclear. This study found that activation of a ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway was downregulated in hearts of diabetic mice overexpressing catalase. In addition, catalase overexpression inhibited the significant increase in nitration levels of key enzymes involved in energy metabolism, including α-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component (α-KGD) and ATP synthase α and β subunits (ATP-α and ATP-β). To assess the effects of the NF-κB pathway activation on heart function, Bay11-7082, an inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway, was injected into diabetic mice, protecting mice against the development of cardiac damage and increased nitrative modifications of key enzymes involved in energy metabolism. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that catalase protects mouse hearts against diabetic cardiomyopathy, partially by suppressing NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses and associated protein nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Dandan Ruan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; The Health Examination Center, the 117th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou 310013, PR China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Chao Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Youli Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Kungao Zhan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Lu Cai
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
| | - Yi Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
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47
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Ustundag UV, Tunali S, Alev B, Ipekci H, Emekli-Alturfan E, Akbay TT, Yanardag R, Yarat A. Effects of Chard (B
eta Vulgaris
L. Var. Cicla) on Cardiac Damage in Valproic Acid-Induced Toxicity. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Unsal Veli Ustundag
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Marmara University; Nisantasi Istanbul 34365 Turkey
| | - Sevim Tunali
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Burcin Alev
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Marmara University; Nisantasi Istanbul 34365 Turkey
| | - Hazal Ipekci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Marmara University; Nisantasi Istanbul 34365 Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Marmara University; Nisantasi Istanbul 34365 Turkey
| | - Tugba Tunali Akbay
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Marmara University; Nisantasi Istanbul 34365 Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Aysen Yarat
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Marmara University; Nisantasi Istanbul 34365 Turkey
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Varga ZV, Ferdinandy P, Liaudet L, Pacher P. Drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiotoxicity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1453-67. [PMID: 26386112 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00554.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria has an essential role in myocardial tissue homeostasis; thus deterioration in mitochondrial function eventually leads to cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell death and consequent cardiovascular dysfunction. Several chemical compounds and drugs have been known to directly or indirectly modulate cardiac mitochondrial function, which can account both for the toxicological and pharmacological properties of these substances. In many cases, toxicity problems appear only in the presence of additional cardiovascular disease conditions or develop months/years following the exposure, making the diagnosis difficult. Cardiotoxic agents affecting mitochondria include several widely used anticancer drugs [anthracyclines (Doxorubicin/Adriamycin), cisplatin, trastuzumab (Herceptin), arsenic trioxide (Trisenox), mitoxantrone (Novantrone), imatinib (Gleevec), bevacizumab (Avastin), sunitinib (Sutent), and sorafenib (Nevaxar)], antiviral compound azidothymidine (AZT, Zidovudine) and several oral antidiabetics [e.g., rosiglitazone (Avandia)]. Illicit drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine, ecstasy, and synthetic cannabinoids (spice, K2) may also induce mitochondria-related cardiotoxicity. Mitochondrial toxicity develops due to various mechanisms involving interference with the mitochondrial respiratory chain (e.g., uncoupling) or inhibition of the important mitochondrial enzymes (oxidative phosphorylation, Szent-Györgyi-Krebs cycle, mitochondrial DNA replication, ADP/ATP translocator). The final phase of mitochondrial dysfunction induces loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in mitochondrial oxidative/nitrative stress, eventually culminating into cell death. This review aims to discuss the mechanisms of mitochondrion-mediated cardiotoxicity of commonly used drugs and some potential cardioprotective strategies to prevent these toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán V Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland; Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary; and
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine BH 08-621-University Hospital Medical Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland;
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Visscher H, Rassekh SR, Sandor GS, Caron HN, van Dalen EC, Kremer LC, van der Pal HJ, Rogers PC, Rieder MJ, Carleton BC, Hayden MR, Ross CJ. Genetic variants in SLC22A17 and SLC22A7 are associated with anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in children. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1065-76. [PMID: 26230641 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify novel variants associated with anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and to assess these in a genotype-guided risk prediction model. PATIENTS & METHODS Two cohorts treated for childhood cancer (n = 344 and 218, respectively) were genotyped for 4578 SNPs in drug ADME and toxicity genes. RESULTS Significant associations were identified in SLC22A17 (rs4982753; p = 0.0078) and SLC22A7 (rs4149178; p = 0.0034), with replication in the second cohort (p = 0.0071 and 0.047, respectively). Additional evidence was found for SULT2B1 and several genes related to oxidative stress. Adding the SLC22 variants to the prediction model improved its discriminative ability (AUC 0.78 vs 0.75 [p = 0.029]). CONCLUSION Two novel variants in SLC22A17 and SLC22A7 were significantly associated with anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and improved a genotype-guided risk prediction model, which could improve patient risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk Visscher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics, Child & Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - S Rod Rassekh
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - George S Sandor
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Huib N Caron
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elvira C van Dalen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leontien C Kremer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helena J van der Pal
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C Rogers
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael J Rieder
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital/London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce C Carleton
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics, Child & Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Colin J Ross
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Therapeutics, Child & Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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50
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Matsushima S, Sadoshima J. The role of sirtuins in cardiac disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1375-89. [PMID: 26232232 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00053.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Modification of histones is one of the important mechanisms of epigenetics, in which genetic control is determined by factors other than an individual's DNA sequence. Sirtuin family proteins, which are class III histone deacetylases, were originally identified as gene silencers that affect the mating type of yeast, leading to the name "silent mating-type information regulation 2" (SIR2). They are characterized by their requirement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for their enzyme activity, unlike other classes of histone deacetylases. Sirtuins have been traditionally linked to longevity and the beneficial effects of calorie restriction and DNA damage repair. Recently, sirtuins have been shown to be involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including aging, energy responses to low calorie availability, and stress resistance, as well as apoptosis and inflammation. Sirtuins can also regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and circadian clocks. Seven sirtuin family proteins (Sirt1-7) have been identified as mammalian SIR2 orthologs, localized in different subcellular compartments, namely, the cytoplasm (Sirt1, 2), the mitochondria (Sirt3, 4, 5), and the nucleus (Sirt1, 2, 6, 7). Sirt1 is evolutionarily close to yeast SIR2 and has been the most intensively investigated in the cardiovascular system. Endogenous Sirt1 plays a pivotal role in mediating the cell death/survival process and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Downregulation of Sirt2 is protective against ischemic-reperfusion injury. Increased Sirt3 expression has been shown to correlate with longevity in humans. In addition, Sirt3 protects cardiomyocytes from aging and oxidative stress and suppresses cardiac hypertrophy. Sirt6 has also recently been demonstrated to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy, and Sirt7 is known to regulate apoptosis and stress responses in the heart. On the other hand, the roles of Sirt4 and Sirt5 in the heart remain largely uncharacterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouji Matsushima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; and
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