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Yao L, Ling B, Zhao S, Yu F, Liu H, Wang S, Xiao J. Versatile Self-Assembly of Triblock Peptides into Stable Collagen Mimetic Heterotrimers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6550. [PMID: 38928256 PMCID: PMC11203499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The construction of peptides to mimic heterogeneous proteins such as type I collagen plays a pivotal role in deciphering their function and pathogenesis. However, progress in the field has been severely hampered by the lack of capability to create stable heterotrimers with desired functional sequences and without the effect of homotrimers. We have herein developed a set of triblock peptides that can assemble into collagen mimetic heterotrimers with desired amino acids and are free from the interference of homotrimers. The triblock peptides comprise a central collagen-like block and two oppositely charged N-/C-terminal blocks, which display inherent incompetency of homotrimer formation. The favorable electrostatic attraction between two paired triblock peptides with complementary terminal charged sequences promptly leads to stable heterotrimers with controlled chain composition. The independence of the collagen-like block from the two terminal blocks endows this system with the adaptability to incorporate desired amino acid sequences while maintaining the heterotrimer structure. The triblock peptides provide a versatile and robust tool to mimic the composition and function of heterotrimer collagen and may have great potential in the design of innovative peptides mimicking heterogeneous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Biyang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing NMR Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fansen Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shenlin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing NMR Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianxi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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2
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de Souza Xavier Costa N, Ribeiro Júnior G, do Nascimento ECT, de Brito JM, Antonangelo L, Faria CS, Monteiro JS, Setubal JC, Pinho JRR, Pereira RV, Seelaender M, de Castro GS, Lima JDCC, de Almeida Monteiro RA, Duarte-Neto AN, Saldiva PHN, Ferraz da Silva LF, Dolhnikoff M, Mauad T. COVID-19 induces more pronounced extracellular matrix deposition than other causes of ARDS. Respir Res 2023; 24:281. [PMID: 37964271 PMCID: PMC10648646 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung fibrosis is a major concern in severe COVID-19 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV). Lung fibrosis frequency in post-COVID syndrome is highly variable and even if the risk is proportionally small, many patients could be affected. However, there is still no data on lung extracellular matrix (ECM) composition in severe COVID-19 and whether it is different from other aetiologies of ARDS. METHODS We have quantified different ECM elements and TGF-β expression in lung tissue of 28 fatal COVID-19 cases and compared to 27 patients that died of other causes of ARDS, divided according to MV duration (up to six days or seven days or more). In COVID-19 cases, ECM elements were correlated with lung transcriptomics and cytokines profile. RESULTS We observed that COVID-19 cases presented significant increased deposition of collagen, fibronectin, versican, and TGF-β, and decreased decorin density when compared to non-COVID-19 cases of similar MV duration. TGF-β was precociously increased in COVID-19 patients with MV duration up to six days. Lung collagen was higher in women with COVID-19, with a transition of upregulated genes related to fibrillogenesis to collagen production and ECM disassembly along the MV course. CONCLUSIONS Fatal COVID-19 is associated with an early TGF-β expression lung environment after the MV onset, followed by a disordered ECM assembly. This uncontrolled process resulted in a prominent collagen deposition when compared to other causes of ARDS. Our data provides pathological substrates to better understand the high prevalence of pulmonary abnormalities in patients surviving COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Júnior
- Departamento de Patologia (LIM 05), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jôse Mara de Brito
- Departamento de Patologia (LIM 05), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leila Antonangelo
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM03), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Divisão de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Silvério Faria
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM03), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Carlos Setubal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM03), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Verciano Pereira
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM03), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Salim de Castro
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joanna D C C Lima
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto
- Departamento de Patologia (LIM 05), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva
- Departamento de Patologia (LIM 05), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos da Capital, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Departamento de Patologia (LIM 05), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Departamento de Patologia (LIM 05), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental (LIM- 05), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, sala 1155, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil.
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3
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Kinoshita M, Yamada S, Sasaki J, Suzuki S, Kajikawa T, Iwayama T, Fujihara C, Imazato S, Murakami S. Mice Lacking PLAP-1/Asporin Show Alteration of Periodontal Ligament Structures and Acceleration of Bone Loss in Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15989. [PMID: 37958972 PMCID: PMC10649079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament-associated protein 1 (PLAP-1), also known as Asporin, is an extracellular matrix protein expressed in the periodontal ligament and plays a crucial role in periodontal tissue homeostasis. Our previous research demonstrated that PLAP-1 may inhibit TLR2/4-mediated inflammatory responses, thereby exerting a protective function against periodontitis. However, the precise roles of PLAP-1 in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and its relationship to periodontitis have not been fully explored. In this study, we employed PLAP-1 knockout mice to investigate its roles and contributions to PDL tissue and function in a ligature-induced periodontitis model. Mandibular bone samples were collected from 10-week-old male C57BL/6 (WT) and PLAP-1 knockout (KO) mice. These samples were analyzed through micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanning, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, picrosirius red staining, and fluorescence immunostaining using antibodies targeting extracellular matrix proteins. Additionally, the structure of the PDL collagen fibrils was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We also conducted tooth extraction and ligature-induced periodontitis models using both wild-type and PLAP-1 KO mice. PLAP-1 KO mice did not exhibit any changes in alveolar bone resorption up to the age of 10 weeks, but they did display an enlarged PDL space, as confirmed by μCT and histological analyses. Fluorescence immunostaining revealed increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins, including Col3, BGN, and DCN, in the PDL tissues of PLAP-1 KO mice. TEM analysis demonstrated an increase in collagen diameter within the PDL of PLAP-1 KO mice. In line with these findings, the maximum stress required for tooth extraction was significantly lower in PLAP-1 KO mice in the tooth extraction model compared to WT mice (13.89 N ± 1.34 and 16.51 N ± 1.31, respectively). In the ligature-induced periodontitis model, PLAP-1 knockout resulted in highly severe alveolar bone resorption, with a higher number of collagen fiber bundle tears and significantly more osteoclasts in the periodontium. Our results demonstrate that mice lacking PLAP-1/Asporin show alteration of periodontal ligament structures and acceleration of bone loss in periodontitis. This underscores the significant role of PLAP-1 in maintaining collagen fibrils in the PDL and suggests the potential of PLAP-1 as a therapeutic target for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kinoshita
- Department of Periodontology and Regenerative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (M.K.); (T.I.); (C.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontolgy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Junichi Sasaki
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (J.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Shigeki Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontolgy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Tetsuhiro Kajikawa
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontolgy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan; (S.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Tomoaki Iwayama
- Department of Periodontology and Regenerative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (M.K.); (T.I.); (C.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Chiharu Fujihara
- Department of Periodontology and Regenerative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (M.K.); (T.I.); (C.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (J.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology and Regenerative Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (M.K.); (T.I.); (C.F.); (S.M.)
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Drysdale A, Unsworth AJ, White SJ, Jones S. The Contribution of Vascular Proteoglycans to Atherothrombosis: Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11854. [PMID: 37511615 PMCID: PMC10380219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by endothelial and smooth muscle cells is composed of collagens and glycoproteins and plays an integral role in regulating the structure and function of the vascular wall. Alteration in the expression of these proteins is associated with endothelial dysfunction and has been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The ECM composition of atherosclerotic plaques varies depending on plaque phenotype and vulnerability, with distinct differences observed between ruptured and erodes plaques. Moreover, the thrombi on the exposed ECM are diverse in structure and composition, suggesting that the best antithrombotic approach may differ depending on plaque phenotype. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of proteoglycans in atherogenesis and thrombosis. It discusses the differential expression of the proteoglycans in different plaque phenotypes and the potential impact on platelet function and thrombosis. Finally, the review highlights the importance of this concept in developing a targeted approach to antithrombotic treatments to improve clinical outcomes in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Drysdale
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (A.J.U.)
| | - Amanda J. Unsworth
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (A.J.U.)
| | - Stephen J. White
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Sarah Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (A.J.U.)
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Cheng S, Brenière-Letuffe D, Ahola V, Wong AO, Keung HY, Gurung B, Zheng Z, Costa KD, Lieu DK, Keung W, Li RA. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals maturation trajectory in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in engineered tissues. iScience 2023; 26:106302. [PMID: 36950112 PMCID: PMC10025988 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac in vitro models have become increasingly obtainable and affordable with the optimization of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hPSC-CM) differentiation. However, these CMs are immature compared to their in vivo counterparts. Here we study the cellular phenotype of hPSC-CMs by comparing their single-cell gene expression and functional profiles in three engineered cardiac tissue configurations: human ventricular (hv) cardiac anisotropic sheet, cardiac tissue strip, and cardiac organoid chamber (hvCOC), with spontaneously aggregated 3D cardiac spheroids (CS) as control. The CM maturity was found to increase with increasing levels of complexity of the engineered tissues from CS to hvCOC. The contractile components are the first function to mature, followed by electrophysiology and oxidative metabolism. Notably, the 2D tissue constructs show a higher cellular organization whereas metabolic maturity preferentially increases in the 3D constructs. We conclude that the tissue engineering models resembling configurations of native tissues may be reliable for drug screening or disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangli Cheng
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Brenière-Letuffe
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Virpi Ahola
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Hoi Yee Keung
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bimal Gurung
- Novoheart, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongli Zheng
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kevin D. Costa
- Novoheart, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Deborah K. Lieu
- Novoheart, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Cures and Stem Cell Program, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Wendy Keung
- Novoheart, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Dr. Li Dak Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald A. Li
- Novoheart, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Corresponding author
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6
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Brown DM, Kowalski MA, Paulus QM, Yu J, Kumar P, Kane MA, Patel JM, Ethier CR, Pardue MT. Altered Structure and Function of Murine Sclera in Form-Deprivation Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:13. [PMID: 36512347 PMCID: PMC9753793 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.13.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The sclera is believed to biomechanically influence eye size, facilitating the excessive axial elongation that occurs during myopigenesis. Here, we test the hypothesis that the sclera will be remodeled and exhibit altered biomechanics in the mouse model of form-deprivation (FD) myopia, accompanied by altered retinoid concentrations, a potential signaling molecule involved in the process. Methods Male C57 Bl/6J mice were subjected to unilateral FD (n = 44 eyes), leaving the contralateral eye untreated (contra; n = 44). Refractive error and ocular biometry were measured in vivo prior to and after 1 or 3 weeks of FD. Ex vivo measurements were made of scleral biomechanical properties (unconfined compression: n = 24), scleral sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content (dimethylmethylene blue: n = 18, and immunohistochemistry: n = 22), and ocular all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) concentrations (retina and RPE + choroid + sclera, n = 24). Age-matched naïve controls were included for some outcomes (n = 32 eyes). Results Significant myopia developed after 1 (-2.4 ± 1.1 diopters [D], P < 0.001) and 3 weeks of FD (-4.1 ± 0.7 D, P = 0.025; mean ± standard deviation). Scleral tensile stiffness and permeability were significantly altered during myopigenesis (stiffness = -31.4 ± 12.7%, P < 0.001, and permeability = 224.4 ± 205.5%, P < 0.001). Total scleral sGAG content was not measurably altered; however, immunohistochemistry indicated a sustained decrease in chondroitin-4-sulfate and a slower decline in dermatan sulfate. The atRA increased in the retinas of eyes form-deprived for 1 week. Conclusions We report that biomechanics and GAG content of the mouse sclera are altered during myopigenesis. All scleral outcomes generally follow the trends found in other species and support a retina-to-sclera signaling cascade underlying mouse myopigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon M. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Michael A. Kowalski
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Quinn M. Paulus
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jay M. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - C. Ross Ethier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Machelle T. Pardue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Lopez SG, Bonassar LJ. The role of SLRPs and large aggregating proteoglycans in collagen fibrillogenesis, extracellular matrix assembly, and mechanical function of fibrocartilage. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:269-286. [PMID: 33726572 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1903887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proteoglycans, especially small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), play major roles in facilitating the development and regulation of collagen fibers and other extracellular matrix components. However, their roles in fibrocartilage have not been widely reviewed. Here, we discuss both SLRP and large aggregating proteoglycan's roles in collagen fibrillogenesis and extracellular matrix assembly in fibrocartilage tissues such as the meniscus, annulus fibrosus (AF), and TMJ disc. We also discuss their expression levels throughout development, aging and degeneration, as well as repair. METHODS A review of literature discussing proteoglycans and collagen fibrillogenesis in fibrocartilage was conducted and data from these manuscripts were analyzed and grouped to discuss trends throughout the tissue's architectural zones and developmental stage. RESULTS The spatial collagen architecture of these fibrocartilaginous tissues is reflected in the distribution of proteoglycans expressed, suggesting that each proteoglycan plays an important role in the type of architecture presented and associated mechanical function. CONCLUSION The unique structure-function relationship of fibrocartilage makes the varied architectures throughout the tissues imperative for their success and understanding the functions of these proteoglycans in developing and maintaining the fiber structure could inform future work in fibrocartilage replacement using tissue engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafina G Lopez
- Meinig of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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8
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Xu X, Ha P, Yen E, Li C, Zheng Z. Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in Tendon Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:202-214. [PMID: 34978952 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Tendon injury possesses a high morbidity rate and is difficult to achieve a satisfying prognosis with currently available treatment strategies. Current approaches used for tendon healing always lead to the formation of fibrovascular scar tissue, which significantly compromises the biomechanics of the healed tendon. Moreover, the related functional deficiency deteriorates over time with an increased injury recurrence risk. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) link and interact with collagen fibrils to regulate tendon structure and biomechanics, which can provide a new and promising method in the field of tendon injury management. Recent Advances: The effect of SLRPs on tendon development has been extensively investigated. SLRP deficiency impairs tendon collagen fibril structure and biomechanic properties, while administration of SLRPs generally benefits tendon wound healing and regains better mechanical properties. Critical Issues: Current knowledge on the role of SLRPs in tendon development and regeneration mostly comes from uninjured knockout mice, and mainly focuses on the morphology description of collagen fibril profile and mechanical properties. Little is known about the regulatory mechanism on the molecular level. Future Directions: This article reviews the current knowledge in this highly translational topic and provides an evidence-based conclusion, thereby encouraging in-depth investigations of SLRPs in tendons and the development of SLRP-based treatments for desired tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Traumatic Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pin Ha
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emily Yen
- Arcadia High School, Arcadia, California, USA
| | - Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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9
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Xie C, Mondal DK, Ulas M, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Oncosuppressive roles of decorin through regulation of multiple receptors and diverse signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C554-C566. [PMID: 35171698 PMCID: PMC8917911 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00016.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Decorin is a stromal-derived prototype member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan gene family. In addition to its functions as a regulator of collagen fibrillogenesis and TGF-β activity soluble decorin acts as a pan-receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor. Decorin binds to various RTKs including EGFR HER2 HGFR/Met VEGFR2 TLR and IGFR. Although the molecular mechanism for the action of decorin on these receptors is not entirely elucidated overall decorin evokes transient activation of these receptors with suppression of downstream signaling cascades culminating in growth inhibition followed by their physical downregulation via caveosomal internalization and degradation. In the case of Met decorin leads to decreased β-catenin signaling pathway and growth suppression. As most of these RTKs are responsible for providing a growth advantage to cancer cells the result of decorin treatment is oncosuppression. Another decorin-driven mechanism to restrict cancer growth and dissemination is by impeding angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and the concurrent activation of protracted endothelial cell autophagy. In this review we will dissect the multiple roles of decorin in cancer biology and its potential use as a next-generation protein-based adjuvant therapy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dipon K. Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mikdat Ulas
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Neill T, Iozzo RV. The Role of Decorin Proteoglycan in Mitophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030804. [PMID: 35159071 PMCID: PMC8834502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The eminent rise of extracellular matrix constituents, chiefly hailing from the proteoglycan gene family, has revolutionized our understanding of how intracellular catabolism is regulated at the intersection of autophagy and breast cancer. In this review, we examine the mechanisms of decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, as it relates to autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). In each case, decorin signals via a unique cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase to evoke autophagy (VEGFR2) or mitophagy (MET receptor) that converges on a novel tumor suppressor gene. The downstream function of either Peg3 or mitostatin in response to decorin manifests as potent means to subdue breast cancer development and progression. Abstract Proteoglycans are emerging as critical regulators of intracellular catabolism. This rise in prominence has transformed our basic understanding and alerted us to the existence of non-canonical pathways, independent of nutrient deprivation, that potently control the autophagy downstream of a cell surface receptor. As a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan gene family, decorin has single-handedly pioneered the connection between extracellular matrix signaling and autophagy regulation. Soluble decorin evokes protracted endothelial cell autophagy via Peg3 and breast carcinoma cell mitophagy via mitostatin by interacting with VEGFR2 or the MET receptor tyrosine kinase, respectively. In this paper, we give a mechanistic perspective of the vital factors underlying the nutrient-independent, SLRP-dependent programs utilized for autophagic and/or mitophagic progression in breast cancer. Future protein therapies based on decorin (or fellow proteoglycan members) will represent a quantum leap forward in transforming autophagic progression into a powerful tool to control intracellular cell catabolism from the outside.
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11
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The extracellular matrix of hematopoietic stem cell niches. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114069. [PMID: 34838648 PMCID: PMC8860232 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive overview of different classes of ECM molecules in the HSC niche. Overview of current knowledge on role of biophysics of the HSC niche. Description of approaches to create artificial stem cell niches for several application. Importance of considering ECM in drug development and testing.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the life-long source of all types of blood cells. Their function is controlled by their direct microenvironment, the HSC niche in the bone marrow. Although the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the niche by orchestrating niche architecture and cellular function is widely acknowledged, it is still underexplored. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the ECM in HSC niches. For this purpose, we first briefly outline HSC niche biology and then review the role of the different classes of ECM molecules in the niche one by one and how they are perceived by cells. Matrix remodeling and the emerging importance of biophysics in HSC niche function are discussed. Finally, the application of the current knowledge of ECM in the niche in form of artificial HSC niches for HSC expansion or targeted differentiation as well as drug testing is reviewed.
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12
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Lim PJ, Marfurt S, Lindert U, Opitz L, Ndarugendamwo T, Srikanthan P, Poms M, Hersberger M, Langhans CD, Haas D, Rohrbach M, Giunta C. Omics Profiling of S2P Mutant Fibroblasts as a Mean to Unravel the Pathomechanism and Molecular Signatures of X-Linked MBTPS2 Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Front Genet 2021; 12:662751. [PMID: 34093655 PMCID: PMC8176293 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.662751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited skeletal dysplasia characterized by low bone density, bone fragility and recurrent fractures. The characterization of its heterogeneous genetic basis has allowed the identification of novel players in bone development. In 2016, we described the first X-linked recessive form of OI caused by hemizygous MBTPS2 missense variants resulting in moderate to severe phenotypes. MBTPS2 encodes site-2 protease (S2P), which activates transcription factors involved in bone (OASIS) and cartilage development (BBF2H7), ER stress response (ATF6) and lipid metabolism (SREBP) via regulated intramembrane proteolysis. In times of ER stress or sterol deficiency, the aforementioned transcription factors are sequentially cleaved by site-1 protease (S1P) and S2P. Their N-terminal fragments shuttle to the nucleus to activate gene transcription. Intriguingly, missense mutations at other positions of MBTPS2 cause the dermatological spectrum condition Ichthyosis Follicularis, Atrichia and Photophobia (IFAP) and Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans (KFSD) without clinical overlap with OI despite the proximity of some of the pathogenic variants. To understand how single amino acid substitutions in S2P can lead to non-overlapping phenotypes, we aimed to compare the molecular features of MBTPS2-OI and MBTPS2-IFAP/KFSD, with the ultimate goal to unravel the pathomechanisms underlying MBTPS2-OI. RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome profiling of primary skin fibroblasts from healthy controls (n = 4), MBTPS2-OI (n = 3), and MBTPS2-IFAP/KFSD (n = 2) patients was performed to identify genes that are differentially expressed in MBTPS2-OI and MBTPS2-IFAP/KFSD individuals compared to controls. We observed that SREBP-dependent genes are more downregulated in OI than in IFAP/KFSD. This is coupled to alterations in the relative abundance of fatty acids in MBTPS2-OI fibroblasts in vitro, while no consistent alterations in the sterol profile were observed. Few OASIS-dependent genes are suppressed in MBTPS2-OI, while BBF2H7- and ATF6-dependent genes are comparable between OI and IFAP/KFSD patients and control fibroblasts. Importantly, we identified genes involved in cartilage physiology that are differentially expressed in MBTPS2-OI but not in MBTPS2-IFAP/KFSD fibroblasts. In conclusion, our data provide clues to how pathogenic MBTPS2 mutations cause skeletal deformities via altered fatty acid metabolism or cartilage development that may affect bone development, mineralization and endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Jin Lim
- Connective Tissue Unit, Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Marfurt
- Connective Tissue Unit, Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uschi Lindert
- Connective Tissue Unit, Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothée Ndarugendamwo
- Connective Tissue Unit, Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pakeerathan Srikanthan
- University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Poms
- University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claus-Dieter Langhans
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Haas
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Connective Tissue Unit, Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Giunta
- Connective Tissue Unit, Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Hampe CS, Eisengart JB, Lund TC, Orchard PJ, Swietlicka M, Wesley J, McIvor RS. Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I: A Review of the Natural History and Molecular Pathology. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081838. [PMID: 32764324 PMCID: PMC7463646 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease, caused by deficiency of the enzyme α-L-iduronidase, resulting in accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) dermatan and heparan sulfate in organs and tissues. If untreated, patients with the severe phenotype die within the first decade of life. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent the development of fatal disease manifestations, prominently cardiac and respiratory disease, as well as cognitive impairment. However, the initial symptoms are nonspecific and impede early diagnosis. This review discusses common phenotypic manifestations in the order in which they develop. Similarities and differences in the three animal models for MPS I are highlighted. Earliest symptoms, which present during the first 6 months of life, include hernias, coarse facial features, recurrent rhinitis and/or upper airway obstructions in the absence of infection, and thoracolumbar kyphosis. During the next 6 months, loss of hearing, corneal clouding, and further musculoskeletal dysplasias develop. Finally, late manifestations including lower airway obstructions and cognitive decline emerge. Cardiac symptoms are common in MPS I and can develop in infancy. The underlying pathogenesis is in the intra- and extracellular accumulation of partially degraded GAGs and infiltration of cells with enlarged lysosomes causing tissue expansion and bone deformities. These interfere with the proper arrangement of collagen fibrils, disrupt nerve fibers, and cause devastating secondary pathophysiological cascades including inflammation, oxidative stress, and other disruptions to intracellular and extracellular homeostasis. A greater understanding of the natural history of MPS I will allow early diagnosis and timely management of the disease facilitating better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane S. Hampe
- Immusoft Corp, Seattle, WA 98103, USA; (M.S.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-206-554-9181
| | - Julie B. Eisengart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.B.E.); (T.C.L.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Troy C. Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.B.E.); (T.C.L.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Paul J. Orchard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.B.E.); (T.C.L.); (P.J.O.)
| | | | - Jacob Wesley
- Immusoft Corp, Seattle, WA 98103, USA; (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - R. Scott McIvor
- Immusoft Corp, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA; or
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
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14
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Luo F, Zhong X, Gao M, Peng B, Long Z. Progress and mechanism of breaking glycoconjugates by glycosidases in skin for promoting unhairing and fiber opening-up in leather manufacture. A review. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-020-00025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The glycoconjugates, herein glyco-proteins, existing in animal skins are closely related to the effectiveness of unhairing and fiber opening-up. Glycosidases have been used in leather making processes to reduce pollutants and improve leather quality. But the selection of glycosidases is still blind because the related mechanisms are not well understood yet. Hence, the animal skin structures and glycoconjugates components, the advances in the methods and mechanisms of removing glycoconjugates related to unhairing and fiber opening-up in leather manufacture, the kinds, compositions, structures and functions of typical glycoconjugates in skin are summarized. Then the approaches to destroy them, possible glycosidases suitable for leather making and their acting sites are analyzed based on the recognition of glycoconjugates in skin and the specificities of glycosidases toward substrates. It is expected to provide useful information for the optimization of glycosidases and the development of new enzymes and the cleaner technologies of unhairing and opening up fiber bundles assisted by glycosidases.
Graphical abstract
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15
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Tonniges JR, Clark DL, Velleman SG. The Effect of the Wooden Breast Fibrotic Myopathy in Broilers on Fibrillar Collagen Organization and Decorin-Collagen Binding. Avian Dis 2020; 63:48-60. [PMID: 31251519 DOI: 10.1637/11985-102218-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The wooden breast myopathy is identified by the palpation of a rigid pectoralis major muscle and results in myofiber necrosis and fibrosis in fast-growing, meat-type broilers. The fibrosis in wooden breast-affected muscle is characterized by the replacement of myofibers with extracellular matrix proteins, especially fibril-forming collagens. Studies have shown differences in collagen organization in fast-growing broiler lines, with tightly packed and highly aligned collagen organizations having a higher phenotypic incidence of wooden breast. The objective of the current study was to analyze collagen fibril organization further in two fast-growing broiler lines (Lines A and B) with incidence of wooden breast compared with a slower growing broiler Line C with no phenotypically detectable wooden breast. The small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin was also studied for its interaction with collagen by immunogold detection. Decorin binds to fibrillar collagens and organizes their alignment and crosslinking, both of which will affect collagen functional properties. Key findings from the study showed that collagen shifts to larger diameter collagen fibril bundles with the wooden breast myopathy. Specifically, broilers affected with wooden breast from Line A had a more dramatic shift toward larger collagen fibril bundles compared with those affected from Line B. Wooden breast-affected Line A had collagen fibril bundles up to 8.4 µm, whereas Line B maximum size was 5.1 µm. Although decorin-collagen binding was not different overall in the wooden breast myopathy or broiler line, for small-diameter collagen fibril bundles, wooden breast-affected Line A had more decorin-collagen binding than wooden breast-affected Line B. Taken together, these data provide further evidence that multiple fibrotic myopathies are likely in fast-growing meat-type broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Tonniges
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Daniel L Clark
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Sandra G Velleman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691,
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16
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Taye N, Karoulias SZ, Hubmacher D. The "other" 15-40%: The Role of Non-Collagenous Extracellular Matrix Proteins and Minor Collagens in Tendon. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:23-35. [PMID: 31410892 PMCID: PMC6917864 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) determines the physiological function of all tissues, including musculoskeletal tissues. In tendon, ECM provides overall tissue architecture, which is tailored to match the biomechanical requirements of their physiological function, that is, force transmission from muscle to bone. Tendon ECM also constitutes the microenvironment that allows tendon-resident cells to maintain their phenotype and that transmits biomechanical forces from the macro-level to the micro-level. The structure and function of adult tendons is largely determined by the hierarchical organization of collagen type I fibrils. However, non-collagenous ECM proteins such as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), ADAMTS proteases, and cross-linking enzymes play critical roles in collagen fibrillogenesis and guide the hierarchical bundling of collagen fibrils into tendon fascicles. Other non-collagenous ECM proteins such as the less abundant collagens, fibrillins, or elastin, contribute to tendon formation or determine some of their biomechanical properties. The interfascicular matrix or endotenon and the outer layer of tendons, the epi- and paratenon, includes collagens and non-collagenous ECM proteins, but their function is less well understood. The ECM proteins in the epi- and paratenon may provide the appropriate microenvironment to maintain the identity of distinct tendon cell populations that are thought to play a role during repair processes after injury. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the role of non-collagenous ECM proteins and less abundant collagens in tendon development and homeostasis. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:23-35, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandaraj Taye
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research LaboratoriesIcahn School of Medicine at Mt. SinaiNew York New York 10029
| | - Stylianos Z. Karoulias
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research LaboratoriesIcahn School of Medicine at Mt. SinaiNew York New York 10029
| | - Dirk Hubmacher
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research LaboratoriesIcahn School of Medicine at Mt. SinaiNew York New York 10029
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17
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Keene DR, Tufa SF. Connective Tissue Ultrastructure: A Direct Comparison between Conventional Specimen Preparation and High-Pressure Freezing/Freeze-Substitution. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1514-1526. [PMID: 31251834 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is generally agreed within the microscopy community that the quality of ultrastructure within the connective tissue matrix resulting from high-pressure freezing followed by freeze-substitution (HPF/FS) far exceeds that gained following the "conventional" preparation method, which includes aqueous fixation, dehydration, and embedding. Exposure to cryogen at high pressure is the only cryopreservation method capable of vitrifying tissue structure to a depth exceeding 200 μm. Cells within connective tissues prepared by HPF/FS are universally larger, filling the commonly seen void at the juncture between cell and matrix. Without significant shrinkage of cells and the coincident extraction of the cytosolic components, well-resolved organelles are less clustered within an expanded cytosol. Much of the artifact from "conventional" methods occurs as large space filling and also smaller fibril-associated proteoglycans are extracted during fixation. However, the visualization of some matrix features by electron microscopy is actually dependent on the collapse or extraction of these "masking" components. Herein, we argue that an impression of ultrastructure within commonly studied matrices, in particular skin, is best gained following the evaluation of both conventional preparations and tissue prepared by HPF/FS. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Keene
- Shriners Hospital for Children Micro-Imaging Center, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Medical Genetics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sara F Tufa
- Shriners Hospital for Children Micro-Imaging Center, Portland, Oregon
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18
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Campbell KR, Chaudhary R, Montano M, Iozzo RV, Bushman WA, Campagnola PJ. Second-harmonic generation microscopy analysis reveals proteoglycan decorin is necessary for proper collagen organization in prostate. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-8. [PMID: 31148435 PMCID: PMC6541798 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.6.066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Collagen remodeling occurs in many prostate pathologies; however, the underlying structural architecture in both normal and diseased prostatic tissues is largely unexplored. Here, we use second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to specifically probe the role of the proteoglycan decorin (Dcn) on collagen assembly in a wild type (wt) and Dcn null mouse (Dcn - / - ). Dcn is required for proper organization of collagen fibrils as it regulates size by forming an arch-like structure at the end of the fibril. We have utilized SHG metrics based on emission directionality (forward-backward ratio) and relative conversion efficiency, which are both related to the SHG coherence length, and found more disordered fibril organization in the Dcn - / - . We have also used image analysis readouts based on entropy, multifractal dimension, and wavelet transforms to compare the collagen fibril/fiber architecture in the two models, where all these showed that the Dcn - / - prostate comprised smaller and more disorganized collagen structures. All these SHG metrics are consistent with decreased SHG phase matching in the Dcn - / - and are further consistent with ultrastructural analysis of collagen in this model in other tissues, which show a more random distribution of fibril sizes and their packing into fibers. As Dcn is a known tumor suppressor, this work forms the basis for future studies of collagen remodeling in both malignant and benign prostate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby R. Campbell
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rajeev Chaudhary
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Monica Montano
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Wade A. Bushman
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Address all correspondence to Paul J. Campagnola, E-mail:
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19
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Tanaka T, Terai Y, Ohmichi M. Association of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and decorin expression with the infiltration of cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1306-1312. [PMID: 30655899 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) has been recognized to be an important factor in cancer invasion and metastasis. In contrast, decorin has been revealed to inhibit primary tumor development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of MMP9 and decorin in cervical cancer. Three experiments were performed to analyze the function of MMP9 and decorin in the invasion of cervical cancer by: i) Analyzing the expression of MMP9 and decorin by immunohistochemistry in 100 cervical specimens; ii) determining the concentration of decorin by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the human squamous cervical cancer cell line CaSki and human endometrial stromal cell line CRL4003 and iii) evaluating the invasion ability of CaSki cells in a cervical invasion model by an invasion assay. Immunohistochemistry revealed that MMP9 was overexpressed in microinvasive carcinoma (100.0%) but was less strongly expressed in normal or pre-malignant squamous epithelium (0-41.9%). In contrast, the activity of decorin in stroma adjacent to neoplastic cells was lower in microinvasive carcinoma (9.1%) compared with in normal or pre-malignant lesions (74.2-100.0%). An ELISA revealed that MMP9 released from CaSki cells resolved the decorin released from CRL4003 cells. An invasion assay demonstrated that the invasive ability of CaSki cells was suppressed by an MMP inhibitor, and decorin was released from CRL4003 cells. These data suggested that decorin prevented the invasion of malignant cells in uterine cervical cancer; however, MMP9 promotes cell invasion by destroying decorin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshito Terai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masahide Ohmichi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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20
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Zhu J, Hoop CL, Case DA, Baum J. Cryptic binding sites become accessible through surface reconstruction of the type I collagen fibril. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16646. [PMID: 30413772 PMCID: PMC6226522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen fibril interactions with cells and macromolecules in the extracellular matrix drive numerous cellular functions. Binding motifs for dozens of collagen-binding proteins have been determined on fully exposed collagen triple helical monomers. However, when the monomers are assembled into the functional collagen fibril, many binding motifs become inaccessible, and yet critical cellular processes occur. Here, we have developed an early stage atomic model of the smallest repeating unit of the type I collagen fibril at the fibril surface that provides a novel framework to address questions about these functionally necessary yet seemingly obstructed interactions. We use an integrative approach by combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments and show that reconstruction of the collagen monomers within the complex fibril play a critical role in collagen interactions. In particular, the fibril surface shows three major conformational changes, which allow cryptic binding sites, including an integrin motif involved in platelet aggregation, to be exposed. The observed dynamics and reconstruction of the fibril surface promote its role as a “smart fibril” to keep certain binding sites cryptic, and to allow accessibility of recognition domains when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Cody L Hoop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - David A Case
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.
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21
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Zou W, Wan J, Li M, Xing J, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Gong Y. Small leucine rich proteoglycans in host immunity and renal diseases. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 13:463-471. [PMID: 30357553 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), structurally consisting of protein cores and various glycosaminoglycan side chains, are grouped into five classes based on common structural and functional properties. Besides being an important structural component of extracellular matrix (ECM), SLRPs have been implicated in the complex network of signal transduction and host immune responses. The focus of this review is on SLRPs in host immunity. Because host immunity plays an important part in the pathogenesis of renal diseases, the role of SLRPs in this set of diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Junhui Wan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Xing
- Department of Burn, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Atalay MA, Ozmen T, Demir BC, Kasapoglu I, Ozkaya G. Serum decorin measurement in prediction of the risk for preterm birth. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:23-27. [PMID: 29458898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define serum decorin (sDEC) levels in healthy pregnants and in patients with preterm labor (PTL), and to introduce possible role of sDEC in predicting the risk for preterm birth (PTB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one women with diagnosis of PTL between 24th to 32nd weeks of pregnancy were compared with 44 healthy pregnants in this prospective case-control study. Maternal blood sDEC and uterine cervical length (CL) measurements were conducted at referral. RESULTS Median sDEC level was significantly decreased in PTL group (p = 0.013). Median CL was significantly shorter in PTL group (p < 0.001). There was not any correlation between sDEC level and maternal age, BMI, and gestational age at blood sampling time within PTL (p = 0.955, p = 0.609, p = 0.079, respectively) and control groups (p = 0.652, p = 0.131, and p = 0.921, respectively). There was not any association between sDEC level and PTB within 7 days, before 34th weeks, but before 37th weeks there was (p = 0.206, 0.091, and p = 0.026, respectively). There was not any correlation between sDEC level and the CL in PTL group (p = 0.056). CONCLUSIONS sDEC has a limited effect in prediction of PTB within a week or before 34th weeks. Combination of sDEC with CL measurements predicted PTB before 37th weeks. CONCLUSION
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Aral Atalay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Turan Ozmen
- Van State Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Van, Turkey
| | - Bilge Cetinkaya Demir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey; Division of Perinatal Medicine, Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Isil Kasapoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Guven Ozkaya
- Department of Biostatistics, Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
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Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis: Disease Progression, Treatment Challenges, and Future Directions. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:31/2/e00084-17. [PMID: 29444953 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00084-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory bone disease that is caused by an infecting microorganism and leads to progressive bone destruction and loss. The most common causative species are the usually commensal staphylococci, with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis responsible for the majority of cases. Staphylococcal infections are becoming an increasing global concern, partially due to the resistance mechanisms developed by staphylococci to evade the host immune system and antibiotic treatment. In addition to the ability of staphylococci to withstand treatment, surgical intervention in an effort to remove necrotic and infected bone further exacerbates patient impairment. Despite the advances in current health care, osteomyelitis is now a major clinical challenge, with recurrent and persistent infections occurring in approximately 40% of patients. This review aims to provide information about staphylococcus-induced bone infection, covering the clinical presentation and diagnosis of osteomyelitis, pathophysiology and complications of osteomyelitis, and future avenues that are being explored to treat osteomyelitis.
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24
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Montano M, Dinnon KH, Jacobs L, Xiang W, Iozzo RV, Bushman W. Dual regulation of decorin by androgen and Hedgehog signaling during prostate morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:679-685. [PMID: 29368411 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate ductal branching morphogenesis involves a complex spatiotemporal regulation of cellular proliferation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) around the developing ducts. Decorin (Dcn) is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan known to sequester several growth factors and to act as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. RESULTS Dcn expression in the developing prostate paralleled branching morphogenesis and was dynamically regulated by androgen and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. DCN colocalized with collagen in the periductal stroma and acellular interstitium. Exogenous DCN decreased epithelial proliferation in ex vivo organ cultures of developing prostate, whereas genetic ablation of Dcn resulted in increased epithelial proliferation in the developing prostate. CONCLUSIONS Dcn expression and localization in the developing prostate is consistent with a primary role in organizing collagen around the developing ducts. Regulation of Dcn expression appears to be complex, involving both androgen and Hh signaling. The growth inhibitory effect of Dcn suggests a unique linkage between a structural proteoglycan and epithelial growth regulation. This may serve to coordinate two elements of the morphogenetic process: ductal growth and organization of the collagen matrix around the nascent duct. Developmental Dynamics 247:679-685, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Montano
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Madison, Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Madison, Carbone Cancer Center, Clinical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kenneth H Dinnon
- University of North Carolina, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Logan Jacobs
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William Xiang
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wade Bushman
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Madison, Carbone Cancer Center, Clinical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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25
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Decorin is a devouring proteoglycan: Remodeling of intracellular catabolism via autophagy and mitophagy. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:260-270. [PMID: 29080840 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a fundamental and evolutionarily-conserved eukaryotic pathway, coordinates a complex balancing act for achieving both nutrient and energetic requirements for proper cellular function and homeostasis. We have discovered that soluble proteoglycans evoke autophagy in endothelial cells and mitophagy in breast carcinoma cells by directly interacting with receptor tyrosine kinases, including VEGF receptor 2 and Met. Under these circumstances, autophagic regulation is considered "non-canonical" and is epitomized by the bioactivity of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan, decorin. Soluble matrix-derived cues being transduced downstream of receptor engagement converge upon a newly-discovered nexus of autophagic machinery consisting of Peg3 for endothelial cell autophagy and mitostatin for tumor cell mitophagy. In this thematic mini-review, we will provide an overview of decorin-mediated autophagy and mitophagy and propose that regulating intracellular catabolism is the underlying molecular basis for the versatility of decorin as a potent oncosuppressive agent.
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26
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Hoop CL, Zhu J, Nunes AM, Case DA, Baum J. Revealing Accessibility of Cryptic Protein Binding Sites within the Functional Collagen Fibril. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7040076. [PMID: 29104255 PMCID: PMC5745458 DOI: 10.3390/biom7040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens are the most abundant proteins in the extracellular matrix. Not only do they provide structural integrity to all of the connective tissues in the human body, but also their interactions with multiple cell receptors and other matrix molecules are essential to cell functions, such as growth, repair, and cell adhesion. Although specific binding sequences of several receptors have been determined along the collagen monomer, processes by which collagen binding partners recognize their binding sites in the collagen fibril, and the critical driving interactions, are poorly understood. The complex molecular assembly of bundled triple helices within the collagen fibril makes essential ligand binding sites cryptic or hidden from the molecular surface. Yet, critical biological processes that require collagen ligands to have access to interaction sites still occur. In this contribution, we will discuss the molecular packing of the collagen I fibril from the perspective of how collagen ligands access their known binding regions within the fibril, and we will present our analysis of binding site accessibility from the fibril surface. Understanding the basis of these interactions at the atomic level sets the stage for developing drug targets against debilitating collagen diseases and using collagen as drug delivery systems and new biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L Hoop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Ana Monica Nunes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - David A Case
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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27
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Kokkinopoulos I, Wong MM, Potter CMF, Xie Y, Yu B, Warren DT, Nowak WN, Le Bras A, Ni Z, Zhou C, Ruan X, Karamariti E, Hu Y, Zhang L, Xu Q. Adventitial SCA-1 + Progenitor Cell Gene Sequencing Reveals the Mechanisms of Cell Migration in Response to Hyperlipidemia. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:681-696. [PMID: 28757161 PMCID: PMC5549964 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adventitial progenitor cells, including SCA-1+ and mesenchymal stem cells, are believed to be important in vascular remodeling. It has been shown that SCA-1+ progenitor cells are involved in neointimal hyperplasia of vein grafts, but little is known concerning their involvement in hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis. We employed single-cell sequencing technology on primary adventitial mouse SCA-1+ cells from wild-type and atherosclerotic-prone (ApoE-deficient) mice and found that a group of genes controlling cell migration and matrix protein degradation was highly altered. Adventitial progenitors from ApoE-deficient mice displayed an augmented migratory potential both in vitro and in vivo. This increased migratory ability was mimicked by lipid loading to SCA-1+ cells. Furthermore, we show that lipid loading increased miRNA-29b expression and induced sirtuin-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels to promote cell migration. These results provide direct evidence that blood cholesterol levels influence vascular progenitor cell function, which could be a potential target cell for treatment of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kokkinopoulos
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Mei Mei Wong
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Claire M F Potter
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Yao Xie
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Baoqi Yu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Derek T Warren
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Witold N Nowak
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Alexandra Le Bras
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Zhichao Ni
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Chao Zhou
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Xiongzhong Ruan
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Eirini Karamariti
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK.
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28
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Fibulins and matrilins are novel structural components of the periodontium in the mouse. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 82:216-222. [PMID: 28654783 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis refers to inflammatory disease of the periodontal structures (the gingiva, dental cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone) that ultimately leads to their destruction. Whereas collagens are well-examined main components of the periodontium, little is known about the other structural proteins that make up this tissue. The aim of this study was to identify new extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including fibulins and matrilins, in the periodontium of mice. After sacrificing 14 mice (Sv/129 strain), jaws were prepared. Each tissue sample contained a molar and its surrounding alveolar bone. Immunohistochemistry was carried out on paraffin-embedded sections. Our results show that mice exhibit fibulin-3, -4 and -5 and matrilin-1, -2, -3 and -4 in PDL and in blood vessels of alveolar bone and PDL as well as in the pericellular matrix of osteocytes and cementocytes. In dental cementum, only fibulin-4 is expressed. For the first time, we show that fibulin-3, -4 and -5 and matrilin-1, -2, -3 and -4 are essential components of the periodontal tissues. Our findings indicate an association of these proteins with collagens and oxytalan fibers that might be of future interest in regenerative periodontitis therapy.
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29
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Collagen affinity coating for surface binding of decorin and other biomolecules: Surface characterization. Biointerphases 2017; 12:02C419. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4989835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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30
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Torres A, Gubbiotti MA, Iozzo RV. Decorin-inducible Peg3 Evokes Beclin 1-mediated Autophagy and Thrombospondin 1-mediated Angiostasis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5055-5069. [PMID: 28174297 PMCID: PMC5377817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.753632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously discovered that systemic delivery of decorin for treatment of breast carcinoma xenografts induces paternally expressed gene 3 (Peg3), an imprinted gene encoding a zinc finger transcription factor postulated to function as a tumor suppressor. Here we found that de novo expression of Peg3 increased Beclin 1 promoter activity and protein expression. This process required the full-length Peg3 as truncated mutants lacking either the N-terminal SCAN domain or the zinc fingers failed to translocate to the nucleus and promote Beclin 1 transcription. Importantly, overexpression of Peg3 in endothelial cells stimulated autophagy and concurrently inhibited endothelial cell migration and evasion from a 3D matrix. Mechanistically, we found that Peg3 induced the secretion of the powerful angiostatic glycoprotein Thrombospondin 1 independently of Beclin 1 transcriptional induction. Thus, we provide a new mechanism whereby Peg3 can simultaneously evoke autophagy in endothelial cells and attenuate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Torres
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Maria A Gubbiotti
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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31
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Schaefer L, Tredup C, Gubbiotti MA, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan neofunctions: regulation of inflammation and autophagy in cancer biology. FEBS J 2017; 284:10-26. [PMID: 27860287 PMCID: PMC5226885 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and autophagy have emerged as prominent issues in the context of proteoglycan signaling. In particular, two small, leucine-rich proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, play pivotal roles in the regulation of these vital cellular pathways and, as such, are intrinsically involved in cancer initiation and progression. In this minireview, we will address novel functions of biglycan and decorin in inflammation and autophagy, and analyze new emerging signaling events triggered by these proteoglycans, which directly or indirectly modulate these processes. We will critically discuss the dual role of proteoglycan-driven inflammation and autophagy in tumor biology, and delineate the potential mechanisms through which soluble extracellular matrix constituents affect the microenvironment associated with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Tredup
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria A. Gubbiotti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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32
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Gjaltema RAF, Bank RA. Molecular insights into prolyl and lysyl hydroxylation of fibrillar collagens in health and disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 52:74-95. [PMID: 28006962 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1269716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is a macromolecule that has versatile roles in physiology, ranging from structural support to mediating cell signaling. Formation of mature collagen fibrils out of procollagen α-chains requires a variety of enzymes and chaperones in a complex process spanning both intracellular and extracellular post-translational modifications. These processes include modifications of amino acids, folding of procollagen α-chains into a triple-helical configuration and subsequent stabilization, facilitation of transportation out of the cell, cleavage of propeptides, aggregation, cross-link formation, and finally the formation of mature fibrils. Disruption of any of the proteins involved in these biosynthesis steps potentially result in a variety of connective tissue diseases because of a destabilized extracellular matrix. In this review, we give a revised overview of the enzymes and chaperones currently known to be relevant to the conversion of lysine and proline into hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, respectively, and the O-glycosylation of hydroxylysine and give insights into the consequences when these steps are disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger A F Gjaltema
- a MATRIX Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Ruud A Bank
- a MATRIX Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
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33
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Margolis HC, Beniash E, Fowler CE. Role of Macromolecular Assembly of Enamel Matrix Proteins in Enamel Formation. J Dent Res 2016; 85:775-93. [PMID: 16931858 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other mineralized tissues, mature dental enamel is primarily (> 95% by weight) composed of apatitic crystals and has a unique hierarchical structure. Due to its high mineral content and organized structure, enamel has exceptional functional properties and is the hardest substance in the human body. Enamel formation (amelogenesis) is the result of highly orchestrated extracellular processes that regulate the nucleation, growth, and organization of forming mineral crystals. However, major aspects of the mechanism of enamel formation are not well-understood, although substantial evidence suggests that protein-protein and protein-mineral interactions play crucial roles in this process. The purpose of this review is a critical evaluation of the present state of knowledge regarding the potential role of the assembly of enamel matrix proteins in the regulation of crystal growth and the structural organization of the resulting enamel tissue. This review primarily focuses on the structure and function of amelogenin, the predominant enamel matrix protein. This review also provides a brief description of novel in vitro approaches that have used synthetic macromolecules ( i.e., surfactants and polymers) to regulate the formation of hierarchical inorganic (composite) structures in a fashion analogous to that believed to take place in biological systems, such as enamel. Accordingly, this review illustrates the potential for developing bio-inspired approaches to mineralized tissue repair and regeneration. In conclusion, the authors present a hypothesis, based on the evidence presented, that the full-length amelogenin uniquely regulates proper enamel formation through a process of cooperative mineralization, and not as a pre-formed matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Margolis
- Department of Biomineralization, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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34
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Gubbiotti MA, Vallet SD, Ricard-Blum S, Iozzo RV. Decorin interacting network: A comprehensive analysis of decorin-binding partners and their versatile functions. Matrix Biol 2016; 55:7-21. [PMID: 27693454 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decorin, a prototype small leucine-rich proteoglycan, regulates a vast array of cellular processes including collagen fibrillogenesis, wound repair, angiostasis, tumor growth, and autophagy. This functional versatility arises from a wide array of decorin/protein interactions also including interactions with its single glycosaminoglycan side chain. The decorin-binding partners encompass numerous categories ranging from extracellular matrix molecules to cell surface receptors to growth factors and enzymes. Despite the diversity of the decorin interacting network, two main roles emerge as prominent themes in decorin function: maintenance of cellular structure and outside-in signaling, culminating in anti-tumorigenic effects. Here we present contemporary knowledge regarding the decorin interacting network and discuss in detail the biological relevance of these pleiotropic interactions, some of which could be targeted by therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gubbiotti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sylvain D Vallet
- Pericellular and Extracellular Supramolecular Assemblies, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Pericellular and Extracellular Supramolecular Assemblies, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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35
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Tillgren V, Mörgelin M, Önnerfjord P, Kalamajski S, Aspberg A. The Tyrosine Sulfate Domain of Fibromodulin Binds Collagen and Enhances Fibril Formation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23744-23755. [PMID: 27634037 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.730325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Small leucine-rich proteoglycans interact with other extracellular matrix proteins and are important regulators of matrix assembly. Fibromodulin has a key role in connective tissues, binding collagen through two identified binding sites in its leucine-rich repeat domain and regulating collagen fibril formation in vitro and in vivo Some nine tyrosine residues in the fibromodulin N-terminal domain are O-sulfated, a posttranslational modification often involved in protein interactions. The N-terminal domain mimics heparin, binding proteins with clustered basic amino acid residues. Because heparin affects collagen fibril formation, we investigated whether tyrosine sulfate is involved in fibromodulin interactions with collagen. Using full-length fibromodulin and its N-terminal tyrosine-sulfated domain purified from tissue, as well as recombinant fibromodulin fragments, we found that the N-terminal domain binds collagen. The tyrosine-sulfated domain and the leucine-rich repeat domain both bound to three specific sites along the collagen type I molecule, at the N terminus and at 100 and 220 nm from the N terminus. The N-terminal domain shortened the collagen fibril formation lag phase and tyrosine sulfation was required for this effect. The isolated leucine-rich repeat domain inhibited the fibril formation rate, and full-length fibromodulin showed a combination of these effects. The fibrils formed in the presence of fibromodulin or its fragments showed more organized structure. Fibromodulin and its tyrosine sulfate domain remained bound on the formed fiber. Taken together, this suggests a novel, regulatory function for tyrosine sulfation in collagen interaction and control of fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viveka Tillgren
- From the Departments of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology BMC-C12 and
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine (BMC) BMC-B14, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- From the Departments of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology BMC-C12 and
| | - Sebastian Kalamajski
- From the Departments of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology BMC-C12 and
| | - Anders Aspberg
- From the Departments of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology BMC-C12 and
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36
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Long K, Moss L, Laursen L, Boulter L, Ffrench-Constant C. Integrin signalling regulates the expansion of neuroepithelial progenitors and neurogenesis via Wnt7a and Decorin. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10354. [PMID: 26838601 PMCID: PMC4742793 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the cerebral cortex requires regulation of proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and a diverse range of progenitors. Recent work suggests a role for extracellular matrix (ECM) and the major family of ECM receptors, the integrins. Here we show that enhancing integrin beta-1 signalling, by expressing a constitutively active integrin beta-1 (CA*β1) in the embryonic chick mesencephalon, enhances neurogenesis and increases the number of mitotic cells dividing away from the ventricular surface, analogous to sub-apical progenitors in mouse. Only non-integrin-expressing neighbouring cells (lacking CA*β1) contributed to the increased neurogenesis. Transcriptome analysis reveals upregulation of Wnt7a within the CA*β1 cells and upregulation of the ECM protein Decorin in the neighbouring non-expressing cells. Experiments using inhibitors in explant models and genetic knock-downs in vivo reveal an integrin-Wnt7a-Decorin pathway that promotes proliferation and differentiation of neuroepithelial cells, and identify Decorin as a novel neurogenic factor in the central nervous system. The extracellular matrix is suggested to play a role in neurogenesis, but it is unclear what role integrin signalling may play in the developing neuroepithelium. Here, in chick, Long et al. show that expression of constitutively active integrin beta-1 enhances neurogenesis via a novel Wnt7 and decorin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Long
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - L Moss
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - L Laursen
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - L Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - C Ffrench-Constant
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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37
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Collagen interactions: Drug design and delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:69-84. [PMID: 26631222 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is a major component in a wide range of drug delivery systems and biomaterial applications. Its basic physical and structural properties, together with its low immunogenicity and natural turnover, are keys to its biocompatibility and effectiveness. In addition to its material properties, the collagen triple-helix interacts with a large number of molecules that trigger biological events. Collagen interactions with cell surface receptors regulate many cellular processes, while interactions with other ECM components are critical for matrix structure and remodeling. Collagen also interacts with enzymes involved in its biosynthesis and degradation, including matrix metalloproteinases. Over the past decade, much information has been gained about the nature and specificity of collagen interactions with its partners. These studies have defined collagen sequences responsible for binding and the high-resolution structures of triple-helical peptides bound to its natural binding partners. Strategies to target collagen interactions are already being developed, including the use of monoclonal antibodies to interfere with collagen fibril formation and the use of triple-helical peptides to direct liposomes to melanoma cells. The molecular information about collagen interactions will further serve as a foundation for computational studies to design small molecules that can interfere with specific interactions or target tumor cells. Intelligent control of collagen biological interactions within a material context will expand the effectiveness of collagen-based drug delivery.
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38
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Cho A, Howell VM, Colvin EK. The Extracellular Matrix in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer - A Piece of a Puzzle. Front Oncol 2015; 5:245. [PMID: 26579497 PMCID: PMC4629462 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women and the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an integral component of both the normal and tumor microenvironment. ECM composition varies between tissues and is crucial for maintaining normal function and homeostasis. Dysregulation and aberrant deposition or loss of ECM components is implicated in ovarian cancer progression. The mechanisms by which tumor cells induce ECM remodeling to promote a malignant phenotype are yet to be elucidated. A thorough understanding of the role of the ECM in ovarian cancer is needed for the development of effective biomarkers and new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cho
- School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Viive M. Howell
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily K. Colvin
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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39
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Hultgårdh-Nilsson A, Borén J, Chakravarti S. The small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans in tissue repair and atherosclerosis. J Intern Med 2015; 278:447-61. [PMID: 26477596 PMCID: PMC4616156 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans consist of a protein core with one or more covalently attached glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains and have multiple roles in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Here we discuss the potential and known functions of a group of small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans (SLRPs) in atherosclerosis. We focus on five SLRPs, decorin, biglycan, lumican, fibromodulin and PRELP, because these have been detected in atherosclerotic plaques or demonstrated to have a role in animal models of atherosclerosis. Decorin and biglycan are modified post-translationally by substitution with chondroitin/dermatan sulphate GAGs, whereas lumican, fibromodulin and PRELP have keratan sulphate side chains, and the core proteins have leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs that are characteristic of the LRR superfamily. The chondroitin/dermatan sulphate GAG side chains have been implicated in lipid retention in atherosclerosis. The core proteins are discussed here in the context of (i) interactions with collagens and their implications in tissue integrity, fibrosis and wound repair and (ii) interactions with growth factors, cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns and cell surface receptors that impact normal physiology and disease processes such as inflammation, innate immune responses and wound healing (i.e. processes that are all important in plaque development and progression). Thus, studies of these SLRPs in the context of wound healing are providing clues about their functions in early stages of atherosclerosis to plaque vulnerability and cardiovascular disease at later stages. Understanding of signal transduction pathways regulated by the core protein interactions is leading to novel roles and therapeutic potential for these proteins in wound repair and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Chakravarti
- Departments of Medicine, Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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40
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Federico S, Pierce BF, Piluso S, Wischke C, Lendlein A, Neffe AT. Design von Decorin-basierten Peptiden, die an Kollagen I binden, und ihr Potenzial als Adhäsionssequenzen in Biomaterialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Federico S, Pierce BF, Piluso S, Wischke C, Lendlein A, Neffe AT. Design of Decorin-Based Peptides That Bind to Collagen I and their Potential as Adhesion Moieties in Biomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [PMID: 26216251 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mimicking the binding epitopes of protein-protein interactions by using small peptides is important for generating modular biomimetic systems. A strategy is described for the design of such bioactive peptides without accessible structural data for the targeted interaction, and the effect of incorporating such adhesion peptides in complex biomaterial systems is demonstrated. The highly repetitive structure of decorin was analyzed to identify peptides that are representative of the inner and outer surface, and it was shown that only peptides based on the inner surface of decorin bind to collagen. The peptide with the highest binding affinity for collagen I, LHERHLNNN, served to slow down the diffusion of a conjugated dye in a collagen gel, while its dimer could physically crosslink collagen, thereby enhancing the elastic modulus of the gel by one order of magnitude. These results show the potential of the identified peptides for the design of biomaterials for applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Federico
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow (Germany).,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm (Germany)
| | - Benjamin F Pierce
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow (Germany)
| | - Susanna Piluso
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow (Germany).,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm (Germany)
| | - Christian Wischke
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow (Germany)
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow (Germany).,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm (Germany)
| | - Axel T Neffe
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow (Germany). .,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm (Germany).
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Watanabe K, Arumugam S, Sreedhar R, Thandavarayan RA, Nakamura T, Nakamura M, Harima M, Yoneyama H, Suzuki K. Small interfering RNA therapy against carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 inhibits cardiac remodeling in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1517-24. [PMID: 25778904 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (CHST15) is a sulfotransferase responsible for biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E), which plays important roles in numerous biological events such as biosynthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. However, the effects of CHST15 siRNA in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF) after experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) have not yet been investigated. CHF was elicited in Lewis rats by immunization with cardiac myosin, and after immunization, the rats were divided into two groups and treated with either CHST15 siRNA (2μg/week) or vehicle. Age matched normal rats without immunizations were also included in this study. After 7weeks of treatment, we investigated the effects of CHST15 siRNA on cardiac function, proinflammatory cytokines, and cardiac remodeling in EAM rats. Myocardial functional parameters measured by hemodynamic and echocardiographic studies were significantly improved by CHST15 siRNA treatment in rats with CHF compared with that of vehicle-treated CHF rats. CHST15 siRNA significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis, and hypertrophy and its marker molecules (left ventricular (LV) mRNA expressions of transforming growth factor beta1, collagens I and III, and atrial natriuretic peptide) compared with vehicle-treated CHF rats. CHF-induced increased myocardial mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9), and CHST15 were also suppressed by the treatment with CHST15 siRNA. Western blotting study has confirmed the results obtained from mRNA analysis as CHST15 siRNA treated rats expressed reduced levels of inflammatory and cardiac remodeling marker proteins. Our results demonstrate for the first time, that CHST15 siRNA treatment significantly improved LV function and ameliorated the progression of cardiac remodeling in rats with CHF after EAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Remya Sreedhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Department of Cardiology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu-city, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Meilei Harima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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43
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The identification of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in archaeological human bones and teeth. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131105. [PMID: 26107959 PMCID: PMC4481269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue is mineralized dense connective tissue consisting mainly of a mineral component (hydroxyapatite) and an organic matrix comprised of collagens, non-collagenous proteins and proteoglycans (PGs). Extracellular matrix proteins and PGs bind tightly to hydroxyapatite which would protect these molecules from the destructive effects of temperature and chemical agents after death. DNA and proteins have been successfully extracted from archaeological skeletons from which valuable information has been obtained; however, to date neither PGs nor glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains have been studied in archaeological skeletons. PGs and GAGs play a major role in bone morphogenesis, homeostasis and degenerative bone disease. The ability to isolate and characterize PG and GAG content from archaeological skeletons would unveil valuable paleontological information. We therefore optimized methods for the extraction of both PGs and GAGs from archaeological human skeletons. PGs and GAGs were successfully extracted from both archaeological human bones and teeth, and characterized by their electrophoretic mobility in agarose gel, degradation by specific enzymes and HPLC. The GAG populations isolated were chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA). In addition, a CSPG was detected. The localization of CS, HA, three small leucine rich PGs (biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin) and glypican was analyzed in archaeological human bone slices. Staining patterns were different for juvenile and adult bones, whilst adolescent bones had a similar staining pattern to adult bones. The finding that significant quantities of PGs and GAGs persist in archaeological bones and teeth opens novel venues for the field of Paleontology.
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44
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Dupuis LE, Berger MG, Feldman S, Doucette L, Fowlkes V, Chakravarti S, Thibaudeau S, Alcala NE, Bradshaw AD, Kern CB. Lumican deficiency results in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with altered collagen assembly. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 84:70-80. [PMID: 25886697 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the heart to adapt to increased stress is dependent on the modification of its extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture that is established during postnatal development as cardiomyocytes differentiate, a process that is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) lumican (LUM), which binds collagen and facilitates collagen assembly in other tissues, may play a critical role in establishing the postnatal murine myocardial ECM. Although previous studies suggest that LUM deficient mice (lum(-/-)) exhibit skin anomalies consistent with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, lum(-/-) hearts have not been evaluated. These studies show that LUM was immunolocalized to non-cardiomyocytes of the cardiac ventricles and its expression increased throughout development. Lumican deficiency resulted in significant (50%) perinatal death and further examination of the lum(-/-) neonatal hearts revealed an increase in myocardial tissue without a significant increase in cell proliferation. However cardiomyocytes from surviving postnatal day 0 (P0), 1 month (1 mo) and adult (4 mo) lum(-/-) hearts were significantly larger than their wild type (WT) littermates. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the increased cardiomyocyte size in the lum(-/-) hearts correlated with alteration of the cardiomyocyte pericellular ECM components collagenα1(I) and the class I SLRP decorin (DCN). Western blot analysis demonstrated that the ratio of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) decorated DCN to core DCN was reduced in P0 and 1 mo lum(-/-) hearts. There was also a reduction in the β and γ forms of collagenα1(I) in lum(-/-) hearts. While the total insoluble collagen content was significantly reduced, the fibril size was increased in lum(-/-) hearts, indicating that LUM may play a role in collagen fiber stability and lateral fibril assembly. These results suggest that LUM controls cardiomyocyte growth by regulating the pericellular ECM and also indicates that LUM may coordinate multiple factors of collagen assembly in the murine heart. Further investigation into the role of LUM may yield novel therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers for patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren E Dupuis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Matthew G Berger
- Honors College, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29401, United States
| | - Samuel Feldman
- Honors College, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29401, United States
| | - Lorna Doucette
- Honors College, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29401, United States
| | - Vennece Fowlkes
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Sarah Thibaudeau
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Nicolas E Alcala
- Honors College, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29401, United States
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Christine B Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
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45
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Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. Proteoglycan form and function: A comprehensive nomenclature of proteoglycans. Matrix Biol 2015; 42:11-55. [PMID: 25701227 PMCID: PMC4859157 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 780] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive classification of the proteoglycan gene families and respective protein cores. This updated nomenclature is based on three criteria: Cellular and subcellular location, overall gene/protein homology, and the utilization of specific protein modules within their respective protein cores. These three signatures were utilized to design four major classes of proteoglycans with distinct forms and functions: the intracellular, cell-surface, pericellular and extracellular proteoglycans. The proposed nomenclature encompasses forty-three distinct proteoglycan-encoding genes and many alternatively-spliced variants. The biological functions of these four proteoglycan families are critically assessed in development, cancer and angiogenesis, and in various acquired and genetic diseases where their expression is aberrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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46
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Periostin suppression induces decorin secretion leading to reduced breast cancer cell motility and invasion. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7069. [PMID: 25400079 PMCID: PMC4233340 DOI: 10.1038/srep07069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to metastasize is dependent on the interactions between their cell-surface molecules and the microenvironment. However, the tumor microenvironment, especially the cancer-associated stroma, is poorly understood. To identify proteins present in the stroma, we focused on phyllodes tumors, rare breast tumors that contain breast stromal cells. We compared the expression of proteins between phyllodes tumor and normal tissues using an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach. Decorin was expressed at reduced levels in phyllodes tumor tissues, whereas periostin was upregulated; this result was validated by immunohistochemical analysis of phyllodes tumors from 35 patients. Additionally, by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we confirmed that decorin forms a complex with periostin in both phyllodes tumors and BT-20 breast cancer cells. Following siRNA-mediated knockdown of periostin in T-47D cells, secreted decorin in the culture medium could be detected by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Furthermore, periostin knockdown in BT-20 cells and overexpression of decorin in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited cell motility and invasion. Our results reveal the molecular details of the periostin–decorin complex in both phyllodes tumor tissues and breast cancer cells; this interaction may represent a novel target for anti-cancer therapy.
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47
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Ono YJ, Terai Y, Tanabe A, Hayashi A, Hayashi M, Yamashita Y, Kyo S, Ohmichi M. Decorin induced by progesterone plays a crucial role in suppressing endometriosis. J Endocrinol 2014; 223:203-16. [PMID: 25244916 PMCID: PMC4198121 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dienogest, a synthetic progestin, has been shown to be effective against endometriosis, although it is still unclear as to how it affects the ectopic endometrial cells. Decorin has been shown to be a powerful endogenous tumor repressor acting in a paracrine fashion to limit tumor growth. Our objectives were to examine the direct effects of progesterone and dienogest on the in vitro proliferation of the human ectopic endometrial epithelial and stromal cell lines, and evaluate as to how decorin contributes to this effect. We also examined DCN mRNA expression in 50 endometriosis patients. The growth of both cell lines was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by both decorin and dienogest. Using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, it was noted that progesterone and dienogest directly induced the binding of the decorin promoter in the EMOsis cc/TERT cells (immortalized human ovarian epithelial cells) and CRL-4003 cells (immortalized human endometrial stromal cells). Progesterone and dienogest also led to significant induced cell cycle arrest via decorin by promoting production of p21 in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Decorin also suppressed the expression of MET in both cell lines. We confirmed that DCN mRNA expression in patients treated with dienogest was higher than that in the control group. In conclusion, decorin induced by dienogest appears to play a crucial role in suppressing endometriosis by exerting anti-proliferative effects and inducing cell cycle arrest via the production of p21 human ectopic endometrial cells and eutopic endometrial stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Joshua Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOsaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, JapanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyGraduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshito Terai
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOsaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, JapanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyGraduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOsaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, JapanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyGraduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOsaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, JapanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyGraduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masami Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOsaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, JapanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyGraduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamashita
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOsaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, JapanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyGraduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOsaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, JapanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyGraduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahide Ohmichi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOsaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, JapanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyGraduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Theoretical basis, laboratory evidence, and clinical research of chemical surgery of the cornea: cross-linking. J Ophthalmol 2014; 2014:890823. [PMID: 25215226 PMCID: PMC4151584 DOI: 10.1155/2014/890823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is increasingly performed in ophthalmology with high success rates for progressive keratoconus and other types of ectasia. Despite being an established procedure, some molecular and clinical aspects still require additional studies. This review presents a critical analysis of some established topics and others that are still controversial. In addition, this review examines new technologies and techniques (transepithelial and ultrafast CXL), uses of corneal CXL including natural products and biomolecules as CXL promoters, and evidence for in vitro and in vivo indirect effectiveness.
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Grafe I, Yang T, Alexander S, Homan E, Lietman C, Jiang MM, Bertin T, Munivez E, Chen Y, Dawson B, Ishikawa Y, Weis MA, Sampath TK, Ambrose C, Eyre D, Bächinger HP, Lee B. Excessive transforming growth factor-β signaling is a common mechanism in osteogenesis imperfecta. Nat Med 2014; 20:670-5. [PMID: 24793237 PMCID: PMC4048326 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disorder, in both a dominant and recessive manner, of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones, fractures and extraskeletal manifestations. How structural mutations of type I collagen (dominant OI) or of its post-translational modification machinery (recessive OI) can cause abnormal quality and quantity of bone is poorly understood. Notably, the clinical overlap between dominant and recessive forms of OI suggests common molecular pathomechanisms. Here, we show that excessive transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is a mechanism of OI in both recessive (Crtap(-/-)) and dominant (Col1a2(tm1.1Mcbr)) OI mouse models. In the skeleton, we find higher expression of TGF-β target genes, higher ratio of phosphorylated Smad2 to total Smad2 protein and higher in vivo Smad2 reporter activity. Moreover, the type I collagen of Crtap(-/-) mice shows reduced binding to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin, a known regulator of TGF-β activity. Anti-TGF-β treatment using the neutralizing antibody 1D11 corrects the bone phenotype in both forms of OI and improves the lung abnormalities in Crtap(-/-) mice. Hence, altered TGF-β matrix-cell signaling is a primary mechanism in the pathogenesis of OI and could be a promising target for the treatment of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stefanie Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erica Homan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Caressa Lietman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Terry Bertin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Research Department, Shriners Hospital for Children and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mary Ann Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Catherine Ambrose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hans Peter Bächinger
- Research Department, Shriners Hospital for Children and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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Brissette CA, Gaultney RA. That's my story, and I'm sticking to it--an update on B. burgdorferi adhesins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:41. [PMID: 24772392 PMCID: PMC3982108 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion is the initial event in the establishment of any infection. Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, possesses myriad proteins termed adhesins that facilitate contact with its vertebrate hosts. B. burgdorferi adheres to host tissues through interactions with host cells and extracellular matrix, as well as other molecules present in serum and extracellular fluids. These interactions, both general and specific, are critical in the establishment of infection. Modulation of borrelial adhesion to host tissues affects the microorganisms's ability to colonize, disseminate, and persist. In this review, we update the current knowledge on structure, function, and role in pathogenesis of these “sticky” B. burgdorferi infection-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Brissette
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Robert A Gaultney
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks, ND, USA
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