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Bonsignore G, Martinotti S, Ranzato E. Wound Repair and Ca 2+ Signalling Interplay: The Role of Ca 2+ Channels in Skin. Cells 2024; 13:491. [PMID: 38534335 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of wound healing is intricate and tightly controlled, involving a number of different cellular and molecular processes. Numerous cellular functions, especially those related to wound healing, depend critically on calcium ions (Ca2+). Ca2+ channels are proteins involved in signal transduction and communication inside cells that allow calcium ions to pass through cell membranes. Key Ca2+ channel types involved in wound repair are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Bonsignore
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Simona Martinotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- SSD Laboratori di Ricerca-DAIRI, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elia Ranzato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- SSD Laboratori di Ricerca-DAIRI, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Kim H, Choi MR, Jeon SH, Jang Y, Yang YD. Pathophysiological Roles of Ion Channels in Epidermal Cells, Immune Cells, and Sensory Neurons in Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2756. [PMID: 38474002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the rapid abnormal growth of skin cells in the epidermis, driven by an overactive immune system. Consequently, a complex interplay among epidermal cells, immune cells, and sensory neurons contributes to the development and progression of psoriasis. In these cellular contexts, various ion channels, such as acetylcholine receptors, TRP channels, Ca2+ release-activated channels, chloride channels, and potassium channels, each serve specific functions to maintain the homeostasis of the skin. The dysregulation of ion channels plays a major role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, affecting various aspects of epidermal cells, immune responses, and sensory neuron signaling. Impaired function of ion channels can lead to altered calcium signaling, inflammation, proliferation, and sensory signaling, all of which are central features of psoriasis. This overview summarizes the pathophysiological roles of ion channels in epidermal cells, immune cells, and sensory neurons during early and late psoriatic processes, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of ion channel involvement in the interplay of psoriasis and making a crucial advance toward more precise and personalized approaches for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsup Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Choi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Jeon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Duk Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
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Bouron A. Cellular neurobiology of hyperforin. Phytother Res 2024; 38:636-645. [PMID: 37963759 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperforin is a phloroglucinol derivative isolated from the medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort, SJW). This lipophilic biomolecule displays antibacterial, pro-apoptotic, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, in vitro and in vivo data showed that hyperforin is a promising molecule with potential applications in neurology and psychiatry. For instance, hyperforin possesses antidepressant properties, impairs the uptake of neurotransmitters, and stimulates the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB neurotrophic signaling pathway, the adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and the brain homeostasis of zinc. In fact, hyperforin is a multi-target biomolecule with a complex neuropharmacological profile. However, one prominent pharmacological feature of hyperforin is its ability to influence the homeostasis of cations such as Ca2+ , Na+ , Zn2+ , and H+ . So far, the pathophysiological relevance of these actions is currently unknown. The main objective of the present work is to provide an overview of the cellular neurobiology of hyperforin, with a special focus on its effects on neuronal membranes and the movement of cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bouron
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Inserm UA13 BGE, Grenoble, France
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Thomas NL, Dart C, Helassa N. Editorial: The role of calcium and calcium binding proteins in cell physiology and disease. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1228885. [PMID: 37362430 PMCID: PMC10289193 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1228885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Lowri Thomas
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - C. Dart
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, North West England, United Kingdom
| | - N. Helassa
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, North West England, United Kingdom
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Yang S, Zhong S, Deng Z, Xie T, Yin G, Wang L, Liu J, Yang J, Long Z, Jiang X, Tan J. Hyperforin regulates renal fibrosis via targeting the PI3K-AKT/ICAM1 axis. Cell Signal 2023; 108:110691. [PMID: 37116554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role and mechanism of hyperforin (one of the active components of Sophora flavescens) in renal fibrosis. METHODS The active compounds and target proteins of Sophora flavescens were first screened through TCMSP (https://tcmsp-e.com/). The renal fibrosis-related genes were analyzed through GeneCards (https://www.genecards.org/). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in renal fibrosis in GEO dataset GSE156181 were obtained. Metascape was applied for target protein enrichment analysis. TGF-β1-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells were used for renal fibrosis cell model establishment. The unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model was used for the renal fibrosis in vivo model. Cell viability was detected using an MTT assay. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect cell morphology changes and the expression of α-SMA and collagen I. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining were employed to determine the renal morphologic change. qRT-PCR or Western blotting was applied to determine the expression levels of the target proteins. RESULTS After intersecting the analysis results of TCMSP, GeneCards, and dataset GSE156181, hyperforin targeting ICAM1 was identified. Metascape pathway enrichment analysis results revealed that the effective compounds of Sophora flavescens were tightly associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and inflammatory response. MTT assay demonstrated that hyperforin had no toxic effect on cells. Immunofluorescence staining results evidenced that hyperforin could partially restore TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the PI3K/AKT pathway activation, and ICAM1 upregulation, and these effects of hyperforin could be reversed by ICAM1 overexpression. While the PI3K/AKT pathway activator IGF-1 effectively reversed the EMT inhibition effect of hyperforin on renal tubular epithelial cells. Moreover, the UUO mouse model further confirmed that hyperforin reduced renal fibrosis. CONCLUSION Hyperforin inhibited renal fibrosis via the PI3K/AKT/ICAM1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhijun Deng
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Tongjin Xie
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Guangmin Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jianye Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jianfu Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhi Long
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xianzhen Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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Cardile A, Zanrè V, Campagnari R, Asson F, Addo SS, Orlandi E, Menegazzi M. Hyperforin Elicits Cytostatic/Cytotoxic Activity in Human Melanoma Cell Lines, Inhibiting Pro-Survival NF-κB, STAT3, AP1 Transcription Factors and the Expression of Functional Proteins Involved in Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021263. [PMID: 36674794 PMCID: PMC9860844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperforin (HPF), the main component responsible for the antidepressant action of Hypericum perforatum, displays additional beneficial properties including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobic, and antitumor activities. Among its antitumor effects, HPF activity on melanoma is poorly documented. Melanoma, especially BRAF-mutated melanoma, is still a high-mortality tumor type and the currently available therapies do not provide solutions. We investigated HPF's antimelanoma effectiveness in A375, FO1 and SK-Mel-28 human BRAF-mutated cell lines. Cell viability assays documented that all melanoma cells were affected by low HPF concentrations (EC50% 2-4 µM) in a time-dependent manner. A Br-deoxy-uridine incorporation assay attested a significant reduction of cell proliferation accompanied by decreased expression of cyclin D1 and A2, CDK4 and of the Rb protein phosphorylation, as assessed by immunoblots. In addition, the expression of P21/waf1 and the activated form of P53 were increased in A375 and SK-Mel-28 cells. Furthermore, HPF exerts cytotoxic effects. Apoptosis is induced 24 h after HPF administration, documented by an increase of cleaved-PARP1 and a decrease of both Bcl2 and Bcl-xL expression levels. Autophagy is induced, attested by an augmented LC3B expression and augmentation of the activated form of AMPK. Moreover, HPF lowers GPX4 enzyme expression, suggesting ferroptosis induction. HPF has been reported to activate the TRPC6 Ca++ channel and/or Ca++ and Zn++ release from mitochondria stores, increasing cytosolic Ca++ and Zn++ concentrations. Our data highlighted that HPF affects many cell-signaling pathways, including signaling induced by Ca++, such as FRA1, pcJun and pCREB, the expression or activity of which are increased shortly after treatment. However, the blockage of the TRPC6 Ca++ channel or the use of Ca++ and Zn++ chelators do not hinder HPF cytostatic/cytotoxic activity, suggesting that damages induced in melanoma cells may pass through other pathways. Remarkably, 24 h after HPF treatment, the expression of activated forms of the transcription factors NF-κB P65 subunit and STAT3 are significantly lowered. Several cytosolic (PGM2, LDHA and pPKM2) and mitochondrial (UQCRC1, COX4 and ATP5B) enzymes are downregulated by HPF treatment, suggesting a generalized reduction of vital functions in melanoma cells. In line with these results is the recognized ability of HPF to affect mitochondrial membrane potential by acting as a protonophore. Finally, HPF can hinder both melanoma cell migration and colony formation in soft agar. In conclusion, we provide evidence of the pleiotropic antitumor effects induced by HPF in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cardile
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Zanrè
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Rachele Campagnari
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Asson
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Solomon Saforo Addo
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Orlandi
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Manning D, Barrett-Jolley R, Evans RL, Dart C. TRPC1 channel clustering during store-operated Ca 2+ entry in keratinocytes. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1141006. [PMID: 36950299 PMCID: PMC10025536 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1141006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ in the human body with ∼95% of its surface made up of keratinocytes. These cells maintain a healthy skin barrier through regulated differentiation driven by Ca2+-transcriptional coupling. Many important skin conditions arise from disruption of this process although not all stages are fully understood. We know that elevated extracellular Ca2+ at the skin surface is detected by keratinocyte Gαq-coupled receptors that signal to empty endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores. Orai channel store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and Ca2+ influx via "canonical" transient receptor potential (TRPC)-composed channels then activates transcription factors that drive differentiation. While STIM-mediated activation of Orai channels following store depletion is well defined, how TRPC channels are activated is less clear. Multiple modes of TRPC channel activation have been proposed, including 1) independent TRPC activation by STIM, 2) formation of Orai-TRPC-STIM complexes, and 3) the insertion of constitutively-active TRPC channels into the membrane during SOCE. To help distinguish between these models, we used high-resolution microscopy of intact keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and immunogold transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of HaCaT plasma membrane sheets. Our data shows no evidence of significant insertion of Orai1 or TRPC subunits into the membrane during SOCE. Analysis of transmission electron microscopy data shows that during store-depletion and SOCE, Orai1 and TRPC subunits form separate membrane-localized clusters that migrate towards each other. This clustering of TRPC channel subunits in keratinocytes may support the formation of TRPC-STIM interactions at ER-plasma membrane junctions that are distinct from Orai-STIM junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Manning
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Barrett-Jolley
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Evans
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dart
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Caroline Dart,
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Jiang S, Gu L, Hu Y, Ren Y, Yang Z, Chai C, Yu B, Ge H, Cao Z, Zhao F. Inhibition of TRPC6 suppressed TGFβ-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation in renal interstitial NRK-49F cells. Exp Cell Res 2022; 421:113374. [PMID: 36206825 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a global health concern with limited curative treatment. Canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6), a nonselective cation channel, has been shown to regulate the renal fibrosis in murine models. However, the molecular mechanism is unclear. Fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation is one of the critical steps in the progression of renal fibrosis. In the present study, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 exposure significantly increases the TRPC6 expression in renal interstitial fibroblast NRK-49F cells. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPC6 and knockdown of Trpc6 by siRNA alleviate TGF-β1-increased expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I, two key markers of myofibroblasts. Although direct activation of TRPC6 by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) does not affect the expression of α-SMA and collagen I, OAG potentiates TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Further study demonstrates that TGF-β1 exposure increases the phosphorylation level of p38 and Yes-associated protein (YAP) translocation into the nuclei. Inhibition of p38 and YAP decreases TGF-β1-enhanced TRPC6 and α-SMA expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TRPC6 is a key regulator of TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation and provides the mechanism of how TGF-β1 exposure regulates TRPC6 expression in NRK-49F fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Lifei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Younan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Chengzhi Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Jiangsu Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225500, China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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Manning D, Dart C, Evans RL. Store-operated calcium channels in skin. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1033528. [PMID: 36277201 PMCID: PMC9581152 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1033528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex organ that acts as a protective layer against the external environment. It protects the internal tissues from harmful agents, dehydration, ultraviolet radiation and physical injury as well as conferring thermoregulatory control, sensation, immunological surveillance and various biochemical functions. The diverse cell types that make up the skin include 1) keratinocytes, which form the bulk of the protective outer layer; 2) melanocytes, which protect the body from ultraviolet radiation by secreting the pigment melanin; and 3) cells that form the secretory appendages: eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, and the sebaceous gland. Emerging evidence suggests that store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), whereby depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores triggers Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane, is central to the normal physiology of these cells and thus skin function. Numerous skin pathologies including dermatitis, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, hyperhidrosis, hair loss and cancer are now linked to dysfunction in SOCE proteins. Principal amongst these are the stromal interaction molecules (STIMs) that sense Ca2+ depletion and Orai channels that mediate Ca2+ influx. In this review, the roles of STIM, Orai and other store-operated channels are discussed in the context of keratinocyte differentiation, melanogenesis, and eccrine sweat secretion. We explore not only STIM1-Orai1 as drivers of SOCE, but also independent actions of STIM, and emerging signal cascades stemming from their activities. Roles are discussed for the elusive transient receptor potential canonical channel (TRPC) complex in keratinocytes, Orai channels in Ca2+-cyclic AMP signal crosstalk in melanocytes, and Orai isoforms in eccrine sweat gland secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Manning
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Caroline Dart
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L Evans
- Unilever Research and Development, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Richard L Evans,
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Jiang SJ. Roles of transient receptor potential channel 6 in glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:338-357. [PMID: 35582666 PMCID: PMC9052005 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i4.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of end-stage diabetes that presents symptoms such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) protein is a very important selective calcium channel that is closely related to the development of various cardiomyopathies.
AIM To explore whether TRPC6 affects cardiomyocyte apoptosis and proliferation inhibition in DCM.
METHODS We compared cardiac function and myocardial pathological changes in wild-type mice and mice injected with streptozotocin (STZ), in addition to comparing the expression of TRPC6 and P-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (P-CaMKII) in them. At the same time, we treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes with high glucose and then evaluated the effects of addition of SAR, a TRPC6 inhibitor, and KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, to such H9C2 cells in a high-glucose environment.
RESULTS We found that STZ-treated mice had DCM, decreased cardiac function, necrotic cardiomyocytes, and limited proliferation. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression levels of various appropriate proteins in the myocardial tissue of mice and H9C2 cells. Compared to those in the control group, the expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase 3 and Bax were significantly higher in the experimental group, while the expression of the proliferation-related proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and CyclinD1 was significantly lower. In vivo and in vitro, the expression of TRPC6 and P-CaMKII increased in a high-glucose environment. However, addition of inhibitors to H9C2 cells in a high-glucose environment resulted in alleviation of both apoptosis and proliferation inhibition.
CONCLUSION The inhibition of apoptosis and proliferation of cardiomyocytes in a high-glucose environment may be closely related to activation of the TRPC6/P-CaMKII pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
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11
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Wang M, Sun Y, Li L, Wu P, Dkw O, Shi H. Calcium Channels: Noteworthy Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Dermatological Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:702264. [PMID: 34489697 PMCID: PMC8418299 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.702264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional skin barrier and impaired skin homeostasis may lead to or aggravate a series of dermatologic diseases. A large variety of biological events and bioactive molecules are involved in the process of skin wound healing and functional recovery. Calcium ions (Ca2+) released from intracellular stores as well as influx through plasma membrane are essential to skin function. Growing evidence suggests that calcium influx is mainly regulated by calcium-sensing receptors and channels, including voltage-gated, transient potential receptor, store-operated, and receptor-operated calcium channels, which not only maintain cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, but also participate in cell proliferation and skin cell homeostasis through Ca2+-sensitive proteins such as calmodulin (CaM). Furthermore, distinct types of Ca2+ channels not merely work separately, they may work concertedly to regulate cell function. In this review, we discussed different calcium-sensing receptors and channels, including voltage-gated, transient receptor potential, store-operated, and receptor-operated calcium channels, particularly focusing on their regulatory functions and inherent interactions as well as calcium channels-related reagents and drugs, which is expected to bridge basic research and clinical applications in dermatologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yaoxiang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Linli Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ocansey Dkw
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Uchiyama A, Fujiwara C, Inoue Y, Uchida K, Hiyama M, Itabashi H, Motegi S. The effect of balneotherapy with natural mineral dissolved water on dry skin in atopic dermatitis: A phase IIa, nonrandomized, controlled study. JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cia2.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Uchiyama
- Department of Dermatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Japan
| | - Chisako Fujiwara
- Department of Dermatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Japan
| | - Yuta Inoue
- Department of Dermatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Japan
| | - Kazushi Uchida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Gunma University Kiryu Japan
| | - Miyabi Hiyama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Gunma University Kiryu Japan
| | - Hideyuki Itabashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Gunma University Kiryu Japan
| | - Sei‐ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi Japan
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13
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Zhang S, Zhang J, Yu J, Chen X, Zhang F, Wei W, Zhang L, Chen W, Lin N, Wu Y. Hyperforin Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Murine Skin Inflammation by Modulating IL-17A-Producing γδ T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635076. [PMID: 34025642 PMCID: PMC8131513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperforin is a major active constituent of Hypericum perforatum L. extract, which is widely used for the treatment of depressive disorders. Recent studies have reported that hyperforin reduced inflammation in stroke and suppressed proliferation and differentiation in keratinocytes. Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease in which the IL-23/IL-17 axis plays an important role. To investigate the underlying inflammatory mechanisms and response of hyperforin in psoriasis, we use imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mice model, in vitro cultured murine splenic γδ T cells, and HaCaT cells in this study. Data showed that hyperforin reduced epidermal thickness and decreased IMQ-induced pathological scores of cutaneous skin lesions in mice. Meanwhile we proved that hyperforin suppressed infiltration of CD3+ T cells and downregulated expression of Il1, Il6, Il23, Il17a, Il22, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the skin lesion. Hyperforin significantly inhibited imiquimod-induced splenomegaly, reduced serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and IL-17A in splenocytes and draining lymph nodes. Our study also suggested that hyperforin lessened the infiltration of γδ T cell and CCR6+ γδ T cells in spleen and lymph nodes. Hyperforin also suppressed the typical psoriasis-like inflammatory responses and the infiltration of IL-17A+ cells in dermal γδ T cells of IMQ treated Tcrd-/- mice transferred with γδ T cells. In vitro studies, hyperforin reduced the expression and secretion of IL-17A in γδ T cells, and suppressed the activation of MAPK/STAT3 pathways in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and γδ T cells. In conclusion, hyperforin alleviates IMQ-induced inflammation in psoriasis through suppressing the immune responses exerted by IL-17 A-producing γδ T cells and related cytokines by modulating MAPK/STAT3 pathways. Our study provided a novel therapeutic tragedy for psoriasis by which hyperforin attenuates psoriasis-related inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Dermatology, The First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan, China
| | - Juanjuan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenmao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nengxing Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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The Effect of Herbal Medicinal Products on Psoriasis-Like Keratinocytes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030371. [PMID: 33801280 PMCID: PMC8000521 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the epidermis. New biological drugs were developed for the systemic treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. However, products for the topical treatment of mild psoriasis are still required. Here, we examined the effect of natural compounds on psoriasis-like keratinocytes in vitro and ex vivo. Psoriasis-like keratinocytes were generated by treating human primary keratinocytes with the psoriasis-associated cytokines IL-17A, TNF-α and IL-22. Initially, 10 botanical extracts from Ayurvedic Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Northern American traditional medicine and Occidental Monastic Medicine were investigated using BrdU assays and IL-6 and IL-8 ELISAs. Curcuma amada, Humulus lupulus and Hypericum perforatum turned out to be the most effective plant extracts. In vitro, the plant extracts inhibited the expression of anti-microbial peptides (β-defensin 2), the hyperproliferation marker keratin 17, the glucose transporter 1 and downregulated the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and pSTAT3. In an ex vivo psoriasis model, Humulus lupulus displayed the most prominent anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, among the plant extracts investigated, Humulus lupulus showed the most promising anti-psoriatic effect. It is an interesting candidate for topical psoriasis treatment that should be further studied in clinical trials.
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15
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Menegazzi M, Masiello P, Novelli M. Anti-Tumor Activity of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hyperforin through Modulation of Inflammatory Signaling, ROS Generation and Proton Dynamics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010018. [PMID: 33379141 PMCID: PMC7824709 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we review the mechanisms of the antitumor effects of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort, SJW) and its main active component hyperforin (HPF). SJW extract is commonly employed as antidepressant due to its ability to inhibit monoamine neurotransmitters re-uptake. Moreover, further biological properties make this vegetal extract very suitable for both prevention and treatment of several diseases, including cancer. Regular use of SJW reduces colorectal cancer risk in humans and prevents genotoxic effects of carcinogens in animal models. In established cancer, SJW and HPF can still exert therapeutic effects by their ability to downregulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit pro-survival kinases, angiogenic factors and extracellular matrix proteases, thereby counteracting tumor growth and spread. Remarkably, the mechanisms of action of SJW and HPF include their ability to decrease ROS production and restore pH imbalance in tumor cells. The SJW component HPF, due to its high lipophilicity and mild acidity, accumulates in membranes and acts as a protonophore that hinders inner mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, inhibiting mitochondrial ROS generation and consequently tumor cell proliferation. At the plasma membrane level, HPF prevents cytosol alkalization and extracellular acidification by allowing protons to re-enter the cells. These effects can revert or at least attenuate cancer cell phenotype, contributing to hamper proliferation, neo-angiogenesis and metastatic dissemination. Furthermore, several studies report that in tumor cells SJW and HPF, mainly at high concentrations, induce the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, likely by collapsing the mitochondrial membrane potential. Based on these mechanisms, we highlight the SJW/HPF remarkable potentiality in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-802-7168
| | - Pellegrino Masiello
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, I-56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Michela Novelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, I-56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.M.); (M.N.)
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16
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Prikhodko V, Chernyuk D, Sysoev Y, Zernov N, Okovityi S, Popugaeva E. Potential Drug Candidates to Treat TRPC6 Channel Deficiencies in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease and Brain Ischemia. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112351. [PMID: 33114455 PMCID: PMC7692306 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemia are among the many causative neurodegenerative diseases that lead to disabilities in the middle-aged and elderly population. There are no effective disease-preventing therapies for these pathologies. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the TRPC6 channel to be a promising molecular target for the development of neuroprotective agents. TRPC6 channel is a non-selective cation plasma membrane channel that is permeable to Ca2+. Its Ca2+-dependent pharmacological effect is associated with the stabilization and protection of excitatory synapses. Downregulation as well as upregulation of TRPC6 channel functions have been observed in Alzheimer’s disease and brain ischemia models. Thus, in order to protect neurons from Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemia, proper TRPC6 channels modulators have to be used. TRPC6 channels modulators are an emerging research field. New chemical structures modulating the activity of TRPC6 channels are being currently discovered. The recent publication of the cryo-EM structure of TRPC6 channels should speed up the discovery process even more. This review summarizes the currently available information about potential drug candidates that may be used as basic structures to develop selective, highly potent TRPC6 channel modulators to treat neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Prikhodko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.P.); (D.C.); (Y.S.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Chernyuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.P.); (D.C.); (Y.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Yurii Sysoev
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.P.); (D.C.); (Y.S.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikita Zernov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.P.); (D.C.); (Y.S.); (N.Z.)
| | - Sergey Okovityi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Popugaeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.P.); (D.C.); (Y.S.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Tao R, Lu R, Wang J, Zeng S, Zhang T, Guo W, Zhang X, Cheng Q, Yue C, Wang Y, Jing N. Probing the therapeutic potential of TRPC6 for Alzheimer's disease in live neurons from patient-specific iPSCs. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:807-816. [PMID: 32492143 PMCID: PMC7816687 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an unprecedented opportunity to model and study Alzheimer's disease (AD) under patient-specific genetic background. The lower expression of transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) was associated with AD patients, which might be involved in AD pathogenesis. However, the role of TRPC6 that played in AD process still needs more investigation in patient-relevant neurons. In this study, the iPSCs were generated from peripheral blood cells of sporadic AD patients and efficiently differentiated into mature cortical neurons. These sporadic AD-bearing neurons displayed higher levels of AD pathological markers Aβ and phospho-tau, but lower levels of TRPC6, than those of control neurons. Treatment of AD neurons with TRPC6 protein fragment or agonist inhibited the elevation of Aβ and phospho-tau. Our results in live AD neurons manifest that the compromised expression of TRPC6 substantially contributed to Aβ pathology of sporadic AD, suggesting that targeting TRPC6 could help to develop novel therapeutic strategies for the treatments of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shujun Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.,School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenke Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA 92350, USA
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.,School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chunmei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yizheng Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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18
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Effect of Probiotics and Herbal Products on Intestinal Histomorphological and Immunological Development in Piglets. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:3461768. [PMID: 32373310 PMCID: PMC7196157 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3461768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of probiotics and herbal products on the intestinal histomorphological and immunological development in piglets. Accordingly, 2-week-old piglets were allocated in 4 groups: C (basal diet), Pro (basal diet + probiotics), Pro+B (basal diet + probiotics + buckwheat bran), and H (powder of herbs). After 6 weeks of the experiment, 4 piglets from each experimental group were randomly selected and slaughtered at a slaughterhouse. Samples of tissue and digestive content from the jejunum and colon were collected for bacteriological, histological, and immunohistochemical examination. The results showed that probiotics increased the number of Lactobacillus spp. in the small (p < 0.05) and large intestines. The intestinal histomorphology was improved (p < 0.05) in all experimental groups by an increased villus height, VH : CD ration, colon crypt depth, and number of Ki-67+ epithelial cells. A higher number (p < 0.05) of goblet cells and their acidification were observed in group Pro, while the density of goblet cells was decreased by the herbs. Probiotics increased (p < 0.05) the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), density of CD3+ cells in Peyer's patches (PPs), and lamina propria (LP). In group H, a dual effect on the CD3+ cell distribution was observed. The herbs reduced (p < 0.05) the number of IELs and CD3+ in LP but increased the distribution of CD3+ cells in PPs. In the colon, herbs increased CD3+ cells in LP as well. It suggests that probiotics and herbs had influence on the intestinal histomorphology and the ability to modulate the mucosal immune system; however, the combination of probiotics and buckwheat bran was not so convincing, probably due to the inhibitory effect of the buckwheat bran on the probiotics used.
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19
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Photopharmacology and opto-chemogenetics of TRPC channels-some therapeutic visions. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:13-26. [PMID: 30974125 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-selective cation conductances formed by transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins govern the function and fate of a wide range of human cell types. In the past decade, evidence has accumulated for a pivotal role of these channels in human diseases, raising substantial interest in their therapeutic targeting. As yet, an appreciable number of small molecules for block and modulation of recombinant TRPC conductances have been identified. However, groundbreaking progress in TRPC pharmacology towards therapeutic applications is lagging behind due to incomplete understanding of their molecular pharmacology and their exact role in disease. A major breakthrough that is expected to overcome these hurdles is the recent success in obtaining high-resolution structure information on TRPC channel complexes and the advent of TRP photopharmacology and optogenetics. Here, we summarize current concepts of enhancing the precision of therapeutic interference with TRPC signaling and TRPC-mediated pathological processes.
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20
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Sumpter TL, Balmert SC, Kaplan DH. Cutaneous immune responses mediated by dendritic cells and mast cells. JCI Insight 2019; 4:123947. [PMID: 30626752 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the skin, complex cellular networks maintain barrier function and immune homeostasis. Tightly regulated multicellular cascades are required to initiate innate and adaptive immune responses. Innate immune cells, particularly DCs and mast cells, are central to these networks. Early studies evaluated the function of these cells in isolation, but recent studies clearly demonstrate that cutaneous DCs (dermal DCs and Langerhans cells) physically interact with neighboring cells and are receptive to activation signals from surrounding cells, such as mast cells. These interactions amplify immune activation. In this review, we discuss the known functions of cutaneous DC populations and mast cells and recent studies highlighting their roles within cellular networks that determine cutaneous immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology and.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Malakou LS, Gargalionis AN, Piperi C, Papadavid E, Papavassiliou AG, Basdra EK. Molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction in psoriasis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:245. [PMID: 30069447 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune disease of the skin that frequently develops upon triggering events of mechanical nature and leads to increased proliferation and damaged differentiation of keratinocytes of the epidermis. Mechanical forces are mediated through mechanotransduction, which is the process that translates physical cues into biochemical signaling networks. Latest updates underline the role of mechanotransduction during the acquisition of aberrant properties by the keratinocytes of the skin, therefore implying a potential contribution that promotes psoriasis pathogenesis. The present review discusses the mechano-induced signaling pathways and individual molecules that become activated in psoriasis and in keratinocytes, along with mechano-based putative treatment strategies. We also suggest emerging mechanosensitive molecules for further investigation with potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina S Malakou
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios N Gargalionis
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Papadavid
- Second Department of Dermatology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' General University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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22
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Abstract
Epidermal barrier formation and the maintenance of barrier homeostasis are essential to protect us from the external environments and organisms. Moreover, impaired keratinocytes differentiation and dysfunctional skin barrier can be the primary causes or aggravating factors for many inflammatory skin diseases including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Therefore, understanding the regulation mechanisms of keratinocytes differentiation and skin barrier homeostasis is important to understand many skin diseases and establish an effective treatment strategy. Calcium ions (Ca2+) and their concentration gradient in the epidermis are essential in regulating many skin functions, including keratinocyte differentiation, skin barrier formation, and permeability barrier homeostasis. Recent studies have suggested that the intracellular Ca2+ stores such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are the major components that form the epidermal calcium gradient and the ER calcium homeostasis is crucial for regulating keratinocytes differentiation, intercellular junction formation, antimicrobial barrier, and permeability barrier homeostasis. Thus, both Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, such as the ER and Ca2+ influx mechanisms are important in skin barrier. In addition, growing evidences identified the functional existence and the role of many types of calcium channels which mediate calcium flux in keratinocytes. In this review, the origin of epidermal calcium gradient and their role in the formation and regulation of skin barrier are focused. We also focus on the role of ER calcium homeostasis in skin barrier. Furthermore, the distribution and role of epidermal calcium channels, including transient receptor potential channels, store-operated calcium entry channel Orai1, and voltage-gated calcium channels in skin barrier are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Lu R, Wang J, Tao R, Wang J, Zhu T, Guo W, Sun Y, Li H, Gao Y, Zhang W, Fowler CJ, Li Q, Chen S, Wu Z, Masters CL, Zhong C, Jing N, Wang Y, Wang Y. Reduced TRPC6 mRNA levels in the blood cells of patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:767-776. [PMID: 28696436 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) inhibits β-amyloid (Aβ) production. Hyperforin, the TRPC6 agonist, reduces Aβ levels and improves cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. However, it's unknown whether TRPC6 expression is changed in AD patients. In this case-control study, we measured TRPC6 expression levels in the peripheral blood cells of four independent AD sets from five hospitals and one mild cognitive impairment (MCI) set from a local community (229 AD, 70 MCI, 40 Parkinson disease and 359 controls from China, total n=698) using quantitative real-time PCR assay. We found a specific reduction of TRPC6 mRNA levels in four AD sets and one MCI set. The median TRPC6 mRNA levels were lower in the following: (1) combined AD patients than in age-matched controls (0.78 vs 1.73, P<0.001); (2) mild-to-moderate AD patients than in age-matched controls (0.81 vs 1.73, P<0.001); and (3) MCI patients than in age-matched controls (0.76 vs 1.72, P<0.001). In the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under curve was 0.85 for combined AD, 0.84 for mild-to-moderate AD and 0.79 for MCI. In a subgroup of AD patients with brain Aβ examination, TRPC6 was associated with standardized uptake value ratio of Pittsburgh Compound B (Spearman's r=-0.49, P=0.04) and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 (Spearman's r=0.43, P=0.04). The TRPC6 reduction in AD patients was further confirmed in blood RNA samples from The Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Aging, in post-mortem brain tissues from The Netherlands Brain Bank and in induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neurons from Chinese donors. We conclude that TRPC6 mRNA levels in the blood cells are specifically reduced in AD and MCI patients, and TRPC6 might be a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lu
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Beijing Institute of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - R Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - T Zhu
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - W Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Gao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - C J Fowler
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Q Li
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - C L Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - C Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - N Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Beijing Institute of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yang XW, Grossman RB, Xu G. Research Progress of Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3508-3558. [PMID: 29461053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) are a class of hybrid natural products sharing the mevalonate/methylerythritol phosphate and polyketide biosynthetic pathways and showing considerable structure and bioactivity diversity. This review discusses the progress of research into the chemistry and biological activity of 421 natural PPAPs in the past 11 years as well as in-depth studies of biological activities and total synthesis of some PPAPs isolated before 2006. We created an online database of all PPAPs known to date at http://www.chem.uky.edu/research/grossman/PPAPs . Two subclasses of biosynthetically related metabolites, spirocyclic PPAPs with octahydrospiro[cyclohexan-1,5'-indene]-2,4,6-trione core and complicated PPAPs produced by intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of MPAPs, are brought into the PPAP family. Some PPAPs' relative or absolute configurations are reassigned or critically discussed, and the confusing trivial names in PPAPs investigations are clarified. Pharmacologic studies have revealed a new molecular mechanism whereby hyperforin and its derivatives regulate neurotransmitter levels by activating TRPC6 as well as the antitumor mechanism of garcinol and its analogues. The antineoplastic potential of some type B PPAPs such as oblongifolin C and guttiferone K has increased significantly. As a result of the recent appearances of innovative synthetic methods and strategies, the total syntheses of 22 natural PPAPs including hyperforin, garcinol, and plukenetione A have been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Robert B Grossman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , United States
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
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Improved in vitro models for preclinical drug and formulation screening focusing on 2D and 3D skin and cornea constructs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 126:57-66. [PMID: 29191717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present overview deals with current approaches for the improvement of in vitro models for preclinical drug and formulation screening which were elaborated in a joint project at the Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering of the TU Braunschweig. Within this project a special focus was laid on the enhancement of skin and cornea models. For this reason, first, a computation-based approach for in silico modeling of dermal cell proliferation and differentiation was developed. The simulation should for example enhance the understanding of the performed 2D in vitro tests on the antiproliferative effect of hyperforin. A second approach aimed at establishing in vivo-like dynamic conditions in in vitro drug absorption studies in contrast to the commonly used static conditions. The reported Dynamic Micro Tissue Engineering System (DynaMiTES) combines the advantages of in vitro cell culture models and microfluidic systems for the emulation of dynamic drug absorption at different physiological barriers and, later, for the investigation of dynamic culture conditions. Finally, cryopreserved shipping was investigated for a human hemicornea construct. As the implementation of a tissue-engineering laboratory is time-consuming and cost-intensive, commercial availability of advanced 3D human tissue is preferred from a variety of companies. However, for shipping purposes cryopreservation is a challenge to maintain the same quality and performance of the tissue in the laboratory of both, the provider and the customer.
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Effects of low-dose Bisphenol A on calcium ion influx and on genes of proliferation and differentiation in immortalized human gingival cells in vitro: The role of estrogen receptor beta. Dent Mater 2017; 33:1021-1032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Füller J, Kellner T, Gaid M, Beerhues L, Müller-Goymann CC. Stabilization of hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt with dissolved albumin and albumin nanoparticles for studying hyperforin effects on 2D cultivation of keratinocytes in vitro. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 126:115-122. [PMID: 28870756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the limited chemical stability of the natural hyperforin molecule, a more stable form of hyperforin, i.e., the hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt (HYP-DCHA) has been used for ex vivo and in vitro experiments in recent years, but its actual stability under typical cell culture conditions has never been studied before. In this contribution the stability of HYP-DCHA was examined under typical cell culture conditions. Different cell culture media with and without fetal calf serum (FCS) supplementation were studied with regard to further stabilization of HYP-DCHA determined with HPLC analysis. Furthermore, albumin nanoparticles were examined as a stabilizing carrier system for HYP-DCHA. In this context, the interaction between HYP-DCHA and albumin nanoparticles (ANP) was examined with regard to size and loading with HYP . The effects of HYP-DCHA either supplied in cell culture medium or loaded on ANP on viability and cytotoxicity were studied in vitro on HaCaT monolayers (human keratinocyte cell line). HYP-DCHA supplied in FCS-containing medium was recovered completely after 24h of incubation. However, a lack of FCS caused a total loss of HYP-DCHA after less than 24h incubation time. Supplying HYP-DCHA loaded on ANP in an FCS-free medium resulted in a recovery of about 60% after 24h incubation. HYP-DCHA supplied in medium along with FCS showed a slow dose-dependent decrease in viability of HaCaT cells without any cytotoxic effects (antiproliferative effect). Treatment with HYP-DCHA with a lack of FCS resulted in a significantly faster decrease in viability which was mainly due to cytotoxicity. The latter was true for HYP-DHCA-loaded ANP where increased cytotoxicity was observed despite the presence of FCS. The results show that the stability of the widely used HYP-DCHA is rather limited under cell culture conditions. Especially a lack of FCS leads to degradation and/or oxidation of HYP-DCHA probably causing an increased cytotoxicity. In contrast, FCS supplementation fairly stabilizes HYP-DCHA under cell culture conditions while albumin nanoparticles may serve the same stabilization purpose despite increasing cytotoxic effects onto the cells themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Füller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Kellner
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Gaid
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L Beerhues
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C C Müller-Goymann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Huang KF, Ma KH, Liu PS, Chen BW, Chueh SH. Ultraviolet B irradiation increases keratin 1 and keratin 10 expressions in HaCaT keratinocytes via TRPV1 activation and ERK phosphorylation. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:832-835. [PMID: 28094876 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the effect of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation with or without epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation under physiological concentration of Ca2+ (1.8 mM). In addition, growth factor deprivation used to measure signal transduction and kinase phosphorylation in many studies is physiologically unreal. Therefore, 1% of serum was also included in all experiment. We found that UVB irradiation Ca2+ dependently induced morphological differentiation and increased keratin 1 and 10 (K1/K10) expressions. Both were inhibited by treatment of cells with EGF. In quiescent cells, phosphorylation of ERK was stimulated by acute EGF treatment, while it rapidly desensitized in chronic EGF treatment or 1% serum exposure. UVB irradiation-induced keratinocyte differentiation required Ca2+ influx through TRPV1. Ca2+ -dependent phosphorylation of ERK was responsible for the expression of K1/10. Cotreatment of cells with EGF during UVB irradiation inhibits the UVB irradiation-induced differentiation by desensitizing ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Shan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bo-Wei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheau-Huei Chueh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Biotechnological production of hyperforin for pharmaceutical formulation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 126:10-26. [PMID: 28377273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperforin is a major active constituent of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort). It has amazing pharmacological activities, such as antidepressant properties, but it is labile and difficult to synthesize. Its sensitivity and lipophilicity are challenges for processing and formulation. Its chemical complexity provokes approaches of biotechnological production and modification. Dedifferentiated H. perforatum cell cultures lack appropriate storage sites and hence appreciable hyperforin levels. Shoot cultures are capable of forming hyperforin but less suitable for biomass up-scaling in bioreactors. Roots commonly lack hyperforin but a recently established adventitious root line has been demonstrated to produce hyperforin and derivatives at promising levels. The roots also contained lupulones, the typical constituents of hop (Humulus lupulus). Although shear-sensitive, these root cultures provide a potential production platform for both individual compounds and extracts with novel combinations of constituents and pharmacological activities. Besides in vitro cultivation techniques, the reconstruction of hyperforin biosynthesis in microorganisms is a promising alternative for biotechnological production. The biosynthetic pathway is under study, with omics-technologies being increasingly implemented. These biotechnological approaches may not only yield hyperforin at reasonable productivity but also allow for modifications of its chemical structure and pharmacological profile.
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Füller J, Müller-Goymann CC. Anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of hyperforin in 2D and 3D artificial constructs of human dermal fibroblasts - A new option for hypertrophic scar treatment? Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 126:108-114. [PMID: 28288835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperforin (HYP), one of the main bioactive compounds in extracts of Hypericum perforatum, is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of skin diseases. Since extracts have proven to support wound healing, in the present study effects of HYP on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) were evaluated in 2D and 3D in vitro dermal constructs. Viability and cytotoxicity assays as well as a live-dead cell staining were performed to test at which concentration HYP reduces viability and/or shows cytotoxicity. Furthermore a differentiation between cytotoxic, anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects was done. For the latter purpose a 2D migration assay was performed. HDF-induced contraction of a 3D artificial dermal (AD) construct was determined at given HYP concentration. Induction of apoptosis was examined by determination of caspase 3/7 activities. HYP reduced viability of HDF down to 70% at concentrations of 5-10µM. This decrease was not due to cytotoxicity but to a reduction in proliferation as shown from both the proliferation assay and the cytotoxicity assay as well as from live-dead cell staining. The 2D migration assay showed that HYP reduced migration activity of HDF cells at a concentration of 10µM. At this concentration HYP also reduced the HDF-induced contraction of collagen gels as 3D AD constructs. Apoptotic effects of HYP were excluded performing a caspase 3/7 activity detecting assay. The results show for the first time that HYP may be rather a potential candidate for treatment of hypertrophic scars than promoting effects which are understood as important in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Füller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C C Müller-Goymann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Markó L, Mannaa M, Haschler TN, Krämer S, Gollasch M. Renoprotection: focus on TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC6 and TRPM2. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:589-612. [PMID: 28028935 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel receptor family have unique sites of regulatory function in the kidney which enables them to promote regional vasodilatation and controlled Ca2+ influx into podocytes and tubular cells. Activated TRP vanilloid 1 receptor channels (TRPV1) have been found to elicit renoprotection in rodent models of acute kidney injury following ischaemia/reperfusion. Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6 (TRPC6) in podocytes is involved in chronic proteinuric kidney disease, particularly in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). TRP vanilloid 4 receptor channels (TRPV4) are highly expressed in the kidney, where they induce Ca2+ influx into endothelial and tubular cells. TRP melastatin (TRPM2) non-selective cation channels are expressed in the cytoplasm and intracellular organelles, where their inhibition ameliorates ischaemic renal pathology. Although some of their basic properties have been recently identified, the renovascular role of TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC6 and TRPM2 channels in disease states such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes is largely unknown. In this review, we discuss recent evidence for TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC6 and TRPM2 serving as potential targets for acute and chronic renoprotection in chronic vascular and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center; A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Mannaa
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center; A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Charité Campus Virchow; Nephrology/Intensive Care; Berlin Germany
- German Institute of Human Nutrition; Potsdam-Rehbrücke Germany
| | - T. N. Haschler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center; A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- German Institute of Human Nutrition; Potsdam-Rehbrücke Germany
| | - S. Krämer
- German Institute of Human Nutrition; Potsdam-Rehbrücke Germany
| | - M. Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center; A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
- Charité Campus Virchow; Nephrology/Intensive Care; Berlin Germany
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Richters RJH, Falcone D, Uzunbajakava NE, Varghese B, Caspers PJ, Puppels GJ, van Erp PEJ, van de Kerkhof PCM. Sensitive Skin: Assessment of the Skin Barrier Using Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 30:1-12. [PMID: 28122376 DOI: 10.1159/000452152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Sensitive skin (SS), a frequently reported condition in the Western world, has been suggested to be underlined by an impaired skin barrier. The aim of this study was to investigate the skin barrier molecular composition in SS subjects using confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRS), and to compare it with that of non-SS (NSS) individuals as well as atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) subjects, who frequently report SS. METHODS Subjects with SS (n = 29), NSS (n = 30), AD (n = 11), and AR (n = 27) were included. Stratum corneum (SC) thickness, water, ceramides/fatty acids, and natural moisturizing factor (NMF) were measured by CRS along with transepidermal water loss and capacitance on the ventral forearm, thenar, and cheek. Sebum levels were additionally measured on the forearm and cheek. RESULTS No differences between SS and NSS subjects were found regarding SC thickness, water, and NMF content, yet a trend towards lower ceramides/fatty acids was observed in the cheek. Compared to AD subjects, the SS group showed higher ceramides/fatty acid content in the forearm, whereas no differences emerged with AR. The correlation of macroscopic biophysical techniques and CRS was weak, yet CRS confirmed the well-known lower content of NMF and water, and thinner SC in subjects with filaggrin mutations. CONCLUSION The skin barrier in SS is not impaired in terms of SC thickness, water, NMF, and ceramides/fatty acid content. The failure of biophysical techniques to follow alterations in the molecular composition of the skin barrier revealed by CRS emphasizes a strong need in sensitive and specific tools for in vivo skin barrier analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée J H Richters
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hyperforin/HP- β-Cyclodextrin Enhances Mechanosensitive Ca 2+ Signaling in HaCaT Keratinocytes and in Atopic Skin Ex Vivo Which Accelerates Wound Healing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8701801. [PMID: 28210627 PMCID: PMC5292202 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8701801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is accelerated by mechanical stretching, and treatment with hyperforin, a major component of a traditional herbal medicine and a known TRPC6 activator, further enhances the acceleration. We recently revealed that this was due to the enhancement of ATP-Ca2+ signaling in keratinocytes by hyperforin treatment. However, the low aqueous solubility and easy photodegradation impede the topical application of hyperforin for therapeutic purposes. We designed a compound hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin- (HP-β-CD-) tetracapped hyperforin, which had increased aqueous solubility and improved photoprotection. We assessed the physiological effects of hyperforin/HP-β-CD on wound healing in HaCaT keratinocytes using live imaging to observe the ATP release and the intracellular Ca2+ increase. In response to stretching (20%), ATP was released only from the foremost cells at the wound edge; it then diffused to the cells behind the wound edge and activated the P2Y receptors, which caused propagating Ca2+ waves via TRPC6. This process might facilitate wound closure, because the Ca2+ response and wound healing were inhibited in parallel by various inhibitors of ATP-Ca2+ signaling. We also applied hyperforin/HP-β-CD on an ex vivo skin model of atopic dermatitis and found that hyperforin/HP-β-CD treatment for 24 h improved the stretch-induced Ca2+ responses and oscillations which failed in atopic skin.
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Yücel A, Kan Y, Yesilada E, Akın O. Effect of St.John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) oily extract for the care and treatment of pressure sores; a case report. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 196:236-241. [PMID: 28011162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Topical formulations such as oily extracts or ointments prepared with the flowering aerial parts of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L., Hypericaceae) have been used in the management of a wide range dermatological problems including superficial wounds and burns, bruises, contusions and many others in the worldwide traditional medicines. AIM OF THE STUDY This is the first case study reporting the beneficial effects of an oily extract of St. John's wort in the treatment of pressure sores in a intensive care unit (ICU) patient. MATERIAL AND METHODS The oily extract of St. John's wort was applied to a volunteer patient at ICU daily for forty successive days for wound care and treatment. Healing status was monitored macroscopically by measuring the wound size and stages at certain intervals as well as histopathological evaluation of the tissue sections taken at the initial and final dates of treatment. RESULTS Evaluation of the results obtained from the macroscopical and histopathological experimentation have shown that oily extract of St. John's wort provided significant efficacy for the treatment of pressure sore wounds. CONCLUSION St. John's wort oily extract may be suggested as a cost-effective option for the prevention or treatment of pressure sores in ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yücel
- Saint George Austria Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atasehir 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Kan
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Konya, Turkey
| | - Erdem Yesilada
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atasehir 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Onat Akın
- PATOMED Pathology Lab., Şişli, Istanbul, Turkey
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Soni H, Adebiyi A. TRPC6 channel activation promotes neonatal glomerular mesangial cell apoptosis via calcineurin/NFAT and FasL/Fas signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29041. [PMID: 27383564 PMCID: PMC4935859 DOI: 10.1038/srep29041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) proliferation and death are involved in the pathogenesis of glomerular disorders. The mechanisms that control GMC survival are poorly understood, but may include signal transduction pathways that are modulated by changes in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) concentration. In this study, we investigated whether activation of the canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) 6 channels and successive [Ca2+]i elevation alter neonatal GMC survival. Hyperforin (HF)-induced TRPC6 channel activation increased [Ca2+]i concentration, inhibited proliferation, and triggered apoptotic cell death in primary neonatal pig GMCs. HF-induced neonatal GMC apoptosis was not associated with oxidative stress. However, HF-induced TRPC6 channel activation stimulated nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). HF also increased cell death surface receptor Fas ligand (FasL) level and caspase-8 activity in the cells; effects mitigated by [Ca2+]i chelator BAPTA, calcineurin/NFAT inhibitor VIVIT, and TRPC6 channel knockdown. Accordingly, HF-induced neonatal GMC apoptosis was attenuated by BAPTA, VIVIT, Fas blocking antibody, and a caspase-3/7 inhibitor. These findings suggest that TRPC6 channel-dependent [Ca2+]i elevation and the ensuing induction of the calcineurin/NFAT, FasL/Fas, and caspase signaling cascades promote neonatal pig GMC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Soni
- Department of Physiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, USA
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- Department of Physiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, USA
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Gaspar NK, Aidé MK. Atopic dermatitis: allergic dermatitis or neuroimmune dermatitis? An Bras Dermatol 2016; 91:479-88. [PMID: 27579744 PMCID: PMC4999107 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in knowledge of neurocellulars relations have provided new directions in the understanding and treatment of numerous conditions, including atopic dermatitis. It is known that emotional, physical, chemical or biological stimuli can generate more accentuated responses in atopic patients than in non-atopic individuals; however, the complex network of control covered by these influences, especially by neuropeptides and neurotrophins, and their genetic relations, still keep secrets to be revealed. Itching and airway hyperresponsiveness, the main aspects of atopy, are associated with disruption of the neurosensory network activity. Increased epidermal innervation and production of neurotrophins, neuropeptides, cytokines and proteases, in addition to their relations with the sensory receptors in an epidermis with poor lipid mantle, are the aspects currently covered for understanding atopic dermatitis.
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Xu W, Hong SJ, Zhong A, Xie P, Jia S, Xie Z, Zeitchek M, Niknam-Bienia S, Zhao J, Porterfield DM, Surmeier DJ, Leung KP, Galiano RD, Mustoe TA. Sodium channel Nax is a regulator in epithelial sodium homeostasis. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:312ra177. [PMID: 26537257 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the epidermis responds to disturbances in barrier function and restores homeostasis are unknown. With a perturbation of the epidermal barrier, water is lost, resulting in an increase in extracellular sodium concentration. We demonstrate that the sodium channel Nax functions as a sodium sensor. With increased extracellular sodium, Nax up-regulates prostasin, which results in activation of the sodium channel ENaC, resulting in increased sodium flux and increased downstream mRNA synthesis of inflammatory mediators. Nax is present in multiple epithelial tissues, and up-regulation of its downstream genes is found in hypertrophic scars. In animal models, blocking Nax expression results in improvement in scarring and atopic dermatitis-like symptoms, both of which are pathological conditions characterized by perturbations in barrier function. These findings support an important role for Nax in maintaining epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Aimei Zhong
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shengxian Jia
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhong Xie
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael Zeitchek
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Solmaz Niknam-Bienia
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jingling Zhao
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Department of Burns, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - D Marshall Porterfield
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kai P Leung
- Microbiology Branch, U.S. Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Institute of Surgical Research, JB Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Thomas A Mustoe
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Huang KF, Ma KH, Liu PS, Chen BW, Chueh SH. Baicalein increases keratin 1 and 10 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes via TRPV4 receptor activation. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:623-9. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery; Department of Surgery; Chi Mei Medical Center; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Liu
- Department of Microbiology; Soochow University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Sheau-Huei Chueh
- Department of Biochemistry; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei Taiwan Republic of China
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Abstract
Itch is a unique sensation associated with the scratch reflex. Although the scratch reflex plays a protective role in daily life by removing irritants, chronic itch remains a clinical challenge. Despite urgent clinical need, itch has received relatively little research attention and its mechanisms have remained poorly understood until recently. The goal of the present review is to summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms of acute as well as chronic itch and classifications of the primary itch populations in relationship to transient receptor potential (Trp) channels, which play pivotal roles in multiple somatosensations. The convergent involvement of Trp channels in diverse itch signaling pathways suggests that Trp channels may serve as promising targets for chronic itch treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuohao Sun
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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40
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Yu H, Kistler A, Faridi MH, Meyer JO, Tryniszewska B, Mehta D, Yue L, Dryer S, Reiser J. Synaptopodin Limits TRPC6 Podocyte Surface Expression and Attenuates Proteinuria. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3308-3319. [PMID: 27020855 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations of classic transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) were identified in familial FSGS, and increased expression of wild-type TRPC6 in glomeruli is observed in several human acquired proteinuric diseases. Synaptopodin, an actin binding protein that is important in maintaining podocyte function, is downregulated in various glomerular diseases. Here, we investigated whether synaptopodin maintains podocyte function by regulating podocyte surface expression and activity of TRPC6. We show indirect interaction and nonrandom association of synaptopodin and TRPC6 in podocytes. Knockdown of synaptopodin in cultured mouse podocytes increased the expression of TRPC6 at the plasma membrane, whereas overexpression of synaptopodin decreased it. Mechanistically, synaptopodin-dependent TRPC6 surface expression required functional actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Overexpression of wild-type or FSGS-inducing mutant TRPC6 in synaptopodin-depleted podocytes enhanced TRPC6-mediated calcium influx and induced apoptosis. In vivo, knockdown of synaptopodin also caused increased podocyte surface expression of TRPC6. Administration of cyclosporin A, which stabilizes synaptopodin, reduced LPS-induced proteinuria significantly in wild-type mice but to a lesser extent in TRPC6 knockout mice. Furthermore, administration of cyclosporin A reversed the LPS-induced increase in podocyte surface expression of TRPC6 in wild-type mice. Our findings suggest that alteration in synaptopodin levels under disease conditions may modify intracellular TRPC6 channel localization and activity, which further contribute to podocyte dysfunction. Reducing TRPC6 surface levels may be a new approach to restoring podocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Cell Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Andreas Kistler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Mohd Hafeez Faridi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James Otto Meyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beata Tryniszewska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut; and
| | - Stuart Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois;
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41
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RamaKrishnan AM, Sankaranarayanan K. Understanding autoimmunity: The ion channel perspective. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:585-620. [PMID: 26854401 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are integral membrane proteins that orchestrate the passage of ions across the cell membrane and thus regulate various key physiological processes of the living system. The stringently regulated expression and function of these channels hold a pivotal role in the development and execution of various cellular functions. Malfunction of these channels results in debilitating diseases collectively termed channelopathies. In this review, we highlight the role of these proteins in the immune system with special emphasis on the development of autoimmunity. The role of ion channels in various autoimmune diseases is also listed out. This comprehensive review summarizes the ion channels that could be used as molecular targets in the development of new therapeutics against autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kavitha Sankaranarayanan
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chrompet, Chennai 600 044, India.
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42
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Gaid M, Haas P, Beuerle T, Scholl S, Beerhues L. Hyperforin production in Hypericum perforatum root cultures. J Biotechnol 2016; 222:47-55. [PMID: 26876610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of the medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum are used to treat depression and skin irritation. A major API is hyperforin, characterized by sensitivity to light, oxygen and temperature. Total synthesis of hyperforin is challenging and its content in field-grown plants is variable. We have established in vitro cultures of auxin-induced roots, which are capable of producing hyperforin, as indicated by HPLC-DAD and ESI-MS analyses. The extraction yield and the productivity upon use of petroleum ether after solvent screening were ∼5 mg/g DW and ∼50 mg/L culture after six weeks of cultivation. The root cultures also contained secohyperforin and lupulones, which were not yet detected in intact plants. In contrast, they lacked another class of typical H. perforatum constituents, hypericins, as indicated by the analysis of methanolic extracts. Hyperforins and lupulones were stabilized and enriched as dicyclohexylammonium salts. Upon up-scaling of biomass production and downstream processing, H. perforatum root cultures may provide an alternative platform for the preparation of medicinal extracts and the isolation of APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Gaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Paul Haas
- Institute of Chemical and Thermal Process Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Till Beuerle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Stephan Scholl
- Institute of Chemical and Thermal Process Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany; Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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43
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Bouron A, Chauvet S, Dryer S, Rosado JA. Second Messenger-Operated Calcium Entry Through TRPC6. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:201-49. [PMID: 27161231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) proteins assemble into heteromultimeric structures forming non-selective cation channels. In addition, many TRPC6-interacting proteins have been identified like some enzymes, channels, pumps, cytoskeleton-associated proteins, immunophilins, or cholesterol-binding proteins, indicating that TRPC6 are engaged into macromolecular complexes. Depending on the cell type and the experimental conditions used, TRPC6 activity has been reported to be controlled by diverse modalities. For instance, the second messenger diacylglycerol, store-depletion, the plant extract hyperforin or H2O2 have all been shown to trigger the opening of TRPC6 channels. A well-characterized consequence of TRPC6 activation is the elevation of the cytosolic concentration of Ca(2+). This latter response can reflect the entry of Ca(2+) through open TRPC6 channels but it can also be due to the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (operating in its reverse mode) or voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (recruited in response to a TRPC6-mediated depolarization). Although TRPC6 controls a diverse array of biological functions in many tissues and cell types, its pathophysiological functions are far from being fully understood. This chapter covers some key features of TRPC6, with a special emphasis on their biological significance in kidney and blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bouron
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France. .,CNRS, iRTSV-LCBM, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Sylvain Chauvet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.,CNRS, iRTSV-LCBM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stuart Dryer
- University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Departamento de Fisiología, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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44
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Bayliak MM, Burdyliuk NI, Lushchak VI. Effects of pH on antioxidant and prooxidant properties of common medicinal herbs. Open Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground: We studied in vitro and vivo antioxidant and prooxidant abilities of aqueous extracts from Rosa canina L., Rhodiola rosea L., Hypericum perforatum L., and Gentiana lutea L. Methodology: Total antioxidant capacity was measured by four assays (phosphomolybdate method, Fe3+-reducing activity, ABTS•+ scavenging, H2O2 scavenging). Prooxidant activity was estimated by H2O2 production. Yeast viability in the presence of H2O2 and/or plant extracts was determined by plating or by counting live cells’ number. Results: Plant extracts differed in the total phenolic content (R. canina > R. rosea > H. perforatum > G. lutea) which clearly correlated with their ABTS•+ scavenging activity (R2 = 0.963). H2O2 scavenging activity was not clearly associated with plant phenol levels and was significantly higher in acidic, than in alkaline medium. In line with this, plant extracts effectively protected yeast S. cereviasiae against H2O2 and stimulated reproductive ability of yeast cells at acidic but not at alkaline pH. At alkaline pH, plant extracts produced certain amounts of H2O2 which were related to their phenolic content. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of plant extracts is decreased at alkaline pH with an increase in the prooxidant activity. It reduces protective capacity of plant extracts against oxidative and other stresses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Bayliak
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nadia I. Burdyliuk
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
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45
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Modeling non-syndromic autism and the impact of TRPC6 disruption in human neurons. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1350-65. [PMID: 25385366 PMCID: PMC4427554 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of genetic variants have been implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and the functional study of such variants will be critical for the elucidation of autism pathophysiology. Here, we report a de novo balanced translocation disruption of TRPC6, a cation channel, in a non-syndromic autistic individual. Using multiple models, such as dental pulp cells, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuronal cells and mouse models, we demonstrate that TRPC6 reduction or haploinsufficiency leads to altered neuronal development, morphology and function. The observed neuronal phenotypes could then be rescued by TRPC6 complementation and by treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1 or hyperforin, a TRPC6-specific agonist, suggesting that ASD individuals with alterations in this pathway may benefit from these drugs. We also demonstrate that methyl CpG binding protein-2 (MeCP2) levels affect TRPC6 expression. Mutations in MeCP2 cause Rett syndrome, revealing common pathways among ASDs. Genetic sequencing of TRPC6 in 1041 ASD individuals and 2872 controls revealed significantly more nonsynonymous mutations in the ASD population, and identified loss-of-function mutations with incomplete penetrance in two patients. Taken together, these findings suggest that TRPC6 is a novel predisposing gene for ASD that may act in a multiple-hit model. This is the first study to use iPSC-derived human neurons to model non-syndromic ASD and illustrate the potential of modeling genetically complex sporadic diseases using such cells.
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46
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Earley S, Brayden JE. Transient receptor potential channels in the vasculature. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:645-90. [PMID: 25834234 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian genome encodes 28 distinct members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of cation channels, which exhibit varying degrees of selectivity for different ionic species. Multiple TRP channels are present in all cells and are involved in diverse aspects of cellular function, including sensory perception and signal transduction. Notably, TRP channels are involved in regulating vascular function and pathophysiology, the focus of this review. TRP channels in vascular smooth muscle cells participate in regulating contractility and proliferation, whereas endothelial TRP channel activity is an important contributor to endothelium-dependent vasodilation, vascular wall permeability, and angiogenesis. TRP channels are also present in perivascular sensory neurons and astrocytic endfeet proximal to cerebral arterioles, where they participate in the regulation of vascular tone. Almost all of these functions are mediated by changes in global intracellular Ca(2+) levels or subcellular Ca(2+) signaling events. In addition to directly mediating Ca(2+) entry, TRP channels influence intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics through membrane depolarization associated with the influx of cations or through receptor- or store-operated mechanisms. Dysregulation of TRP channels is associated with vascular-related pathologies, including hypertension, neointimal injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, pulmonary edema, and neurogenic inflammation. In this review, we briefly consider general aspects of TRP channel biology and provide an in-depth discussion of the functions of TRP channels in vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and perivascular cells under normal and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Joseph E Brayden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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47
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Ho JC, Lee CH. TRP channels in skin: from physiological implications to clinical significances. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2015; 11:17-24. [PMID: 27493510 PMCID: PMC4736792 DOI: 10.2142/biophysics.11.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
TRP channels are expressed in various cells in skin. As an organ system to border the host and environment, many nonneuronal cells, including epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes, express several TRP channels functionally distinct from sensory processing. TRPV1 and TRPV3 in keratinocytes of the epidermis and hair apparatus inhibit proliferation, induce terminal differentiation, induce apoptosis, and promote inflammation. Activation of TRPV4, 6, and TRPA1 promotes regeneration of the severed skin barriers. TRPA1 also enhances responses in contact hypersensitivity. TRPCs in keratinocytes regulate epidermal differentiation. In human diseases with pertubered epidermal differentiation, the expression of TRPCs are altered. TRPMs, which contribute to melanin production in melanocytes, serve as significant prognosis markers in patients with metastatic melanoma. In summary, not only act in sensory processing, TRP channels also contribute to epidermal differentiation, proliferation, barrier integration, skin regeneration, and immune responses. In diseases with aberrant TRP channels, TRP channels might be good therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chen Ho
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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48
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Hsu WL, Yoshioka T. Role of TRP channels in the induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps) by heating skin. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2015; 11:25-32. [PMID: 27493511 PMCID: PMC4736782 DOI: 10.2142/biophysics.11.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in skin are crucial for achieving temperature sensitivity to maintain internal temperature balance and thermal homeostasis, as well as to protect skin cells from environmental stresses such as infrared (IR) or near-infrared (NIR) radiation via heat shock protein (Hsp) production. However, the mechanisms by which IR and NIR activate TRP channels and produce Hsps intracellularly have been independently reported. In this review, we discuss the relationship between TRP channel activation and Hsp production, and introduce the roles of several skin TRP channels in the regulation of HSP production by IR and NIR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tohru Yoshioka
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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49
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Wölfle U, Elsholz FA, Kersten A, Haarhaus B, Müller WE, Schempp CM. Expression and functional activity of the bitter taste receptors TAS2R1 and TAS2R38 in human keratinocytes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 28:137-46. [PMID: 25573083 DOI: 10.1159/000367631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that human bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are not only expressed in mucous epithelial cells of the tongue, but also in epithelial cells of the colon, stomach and upper respiratory tract. These cell types come in close contact with external bitter compounds by ingestion or breathing. In the present work we addressed the question whether bitter taste receptors might also be expressed in cornified epithelial cells of the skin. Here, we show for the first time the expression of TAS2R1 and TAS2R38 in human skin. Double staining of HaCaT cells and primary keratinocytes demonstrated the colocalization of TAS2R1 and TAS2R38 with the adaptor protein α-gustducin that is essential for signal transduction upon ligand binding. To test if TAS2Rs in keratinocytes are functional, we stimulated HaCaT cells with diphenidol, a clinically used bitter-tasting antiemetic, or amarogentin, the bitterest plant substance, that binds TAS2Rs, including TAS2R1 and TAS2R38. Diphenidol and amarogentin induced calcium influx. Furthermore, in keratinocytes diphenidol and amarogentin stimulated the expression of the differentiation markers keratin 10, involucrin and transglutaminase. Therefore, apart from the known role in mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, TAS2Rs are expressed in the epidermis and might play a role in keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wölfle
- Research Center skinitial, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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50
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Friedland K, Harteneck C. Hyperforin: To Be or Not to Be an Activator of TRPC(6). Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 169:1-24. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2015_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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