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Cufadar Y, Golzar Adabi S, Gül ET, Nollet L. Effects of graded levels of dietary microbial 6-phytase on performance, intestinal histomorphology, caecal microbial population and short-chain fatty acid composition of Lohmann white-classics. Br Poult Sci 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38995214 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2352835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of phytase on the performance, egg quality and gut health of white laying hens.2. Treatments consisted of a negative control (NC) diet containing 0.14% available phosphorus (avP), positive control (PC) diet containing 0.35% avP provided via dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and DCP replaced in the PC by with three graded levels of phytase derived from Komagataella phaffii at 500 (PC-500), 750 (PC-750) and 1000 (PC-1000) FTU/kg which provided 0.176%, 0.188% and 0.200% of avP, respectively.3. Egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and jejunal morphometry were negatively affected in NC-fed birds (p < 0.05). Considering the whole period, birds fed a diet supplemented with graded levels of phytase shared the same egg production and feed intake levels with PC birds (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio was significantly lowered by 4.9%, 1.6% and 7.6% in hens fed on diets PC-500, PC-750 and PC-1000, respectively compared to those fed the PC (p < 0.05).4. Neither of the dietary treatments affected cracked eggs, dirty eggs, eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness. Dietary supplementation of phytase significantly increased villus surface area by 15%, 36% and 40% in PC-500, PC-750 and PC-1000 birds, respectively compared to PC (p < 0.05).5. A significant increase in lactobacillus count was observed in line with increasing the level of phytase (p < 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on the caecal coliform or aerobic populations. Furthermore, phytase supplementation significantly increased the concentrations of total caecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA; p < 0.01).6. In conclusion, along with improving performance parameters, the inclusion of phytase in laying hen diets can ameliorate intestinal morphology and stimulate caecal microflora and increase SCFA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cufadar
- Department of Animal Science, Feeds and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - S Golzar Adabi
- Advanced Technologies Supplies, Şişli/Istanbul, Türkiye
- Avesa Nutrition, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - E T Gül
- Department of Animal Science, Feeds and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
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Greene ES, Ramser A, Wideman R, Bedford M, Dridi S. Dietary inclusion of phytase and stimbiotic decreases mortality and lameness in a wire ramp challenge model in broilers. Avian Pathol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38776101 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2359592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Wire ramp model reproducibly induced lameness/BCO in broilers.Treatments did not affect growth, but phytase with stimbiotic significantly reduced BCO.Phytase increased circulating inositol, and wire flooring decreased bone inositol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, Arkansas, USA
| | - Alison Ramser
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, Arkansas, USA
| | - Robert Wideman
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, Arkansas, USA
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Kaiza VE, Yildiz M, Eldem V, Golzaradabi S, Ofori-Mensah S. The effects of dietary microbial 6-phytase on growth parameters, intestinal morphometric properties and selected intestinal genes expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1876). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1517-1529. [PMID: 37435768 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary 6-phytase, produced by a genetically modified Komagataella phaffii, on growth performance, feed utilisation, flesh quality, villus morphometric properties, and intestinal mRNA expression in rainbow trout. Six iso-nitrogenous, iso-lipidic, and iso-caloric diets were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of juvenile rainbow trout weighing 32.57 ± 0.36 g (mean ± SD) for 90 days. The dietary treatments included two positive controls (PC), one formulated with 400 g/kg of fish meal named T1, and the other formulated with 170 g/kg of fish meal plus 1% avP derived from monocalcium phosphate named T2. The remaining dietary treatments consisted of a negative control (NC) formulated with 170 g/kg of fish meal (T3), NC+ 750, NC+ 1500, and NC+ 3000 OTU/kg levels of phytase designated as T4, T5, and T6 diets respectively. Compared to T1, weight gain (WG) increased by 16.29, 13.71 and 11.66% in T4, T5 and T6, respectively (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lowered by 3.2 and 0.8% in T4 and T5 compared to T1 (p < 0.05). WG, feed intake (FI), FCR, final body length, bone ash, bone ash P, and intestinal morphometry were negatively affected in T3 fed fish (p < 0.05). Whole-body fish nutrient, bone ash, bone ash phosphorus (P) compositions and mucosal villus morphometric properties improved in rainbow trout fed diets supplemented with phytase dose ranging from 750-3000 OTU. Bone ash increased by 6.12% in T5 compared to T1 (p < 0.05). Phytase inclusion enhanced the profitability of feeding juvenile rainbow trout such diets as it reduced the feed price and economic conversion rate. Dietary inclusion of phytase down-regulated mRNA expression of genes responsible for fatty acid synthesis and lipogenesis in juvenile rainbow trout. Dietary phytase up-regulated the mRNA expression of genes (SLC4A11 and ATP1A3A) responsible for nutrient uptake and down-regulated intestinal expression of MUCIN 5AC-like genes (mucus secreting genes) in juvenile rainbow trout. Along with improving performance parameters, the inclusion of phytase in rainbow trout diet containing plant-based protein sources, can preserve intestinal morphology by regulating the mRNA expression of genes responsible for fatty acid synthesis, lipogenesis and nutrient uptake and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Kaiza
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases, Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Fisheries Education and Training Agency (FETA), Mikindani Mtwara, Tanzania
| | - Mustafa Yildiz
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Vahap Eldem
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Samuel Ofori-Mensah
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases, Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Derakhshan M, Ghasemian SO, Gholami‐Ahangaran M. The effects of probiotic and phytase on growth performance, biochemical parameters and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:860-866. [PMID: 36669151 PMCID: PMC10029878 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics and phytase are commonly used as dietary supplements in poultry diets. Phytase is involved in the release of phosphorus in plant grain ingredient of poultry feed, while probiotics provide beneficial organisms to the gastrointestinal tract. OBJECTIVE The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of both commercial probiotic and phytase on chicken performance and biochemical indices. METHODS A total of 300 chicks were divided into 4 groups that fed the basal diet, diet containing probiotic (Protexin®), Phytase (Meriphyze 5000®), and probiotic plus phytase all over the growing period. The growth indices were measured weekly, analysed at the 21 and 42 days of age. At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected from all chickens. The concentration of liver enzymes, lipid profiles and antioxidant status were measured in blood samples. RESULTS The results showed that the weight gain and feed intake were significantly higher in chickens received phytase alone or phytase in combination with probiotic. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly lower in all supplemented chickens in comparison with control chickens (p < 0.05). Although the addition of probiotic or phytase to chicken diet showed an extent variation in biochemical and antioxidant indices, the addition of phytase plus probiotic showed a significantly increase of blood total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalysis (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level, while decrease triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHL), aspartate transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in comparison to control chickens. The supplementation of chicken diet with probiotic, phytase or probiotic plus phytase did not effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous supplementation of probiotics and phytases seems to have a positive effect on growth indices in broilers, but they can cause changes in the serum biochemical profile, which sometimes lead to interference and do not always act synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Derakhshan
- Department of Veterinary, Shoushtar BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShoushtarIran
| | | | - Majid Gholami‐Ahangaran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Shahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
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Salisbury F, Cowieson A, Gous R. Constraints on the modelling of calcium and phosphorus growth of broilers: a systematic review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1974804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Salisbury
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | | | - R.M. Gous
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Dietary phosphorus and calcium in feed affects miRNA profiles and their mRNA targets in jejunum of two strains of laying hens. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13534. [PMID: 34188134 PMCID: PMC8241840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) are critical for egg production in laying hens. Most of P in plant-based poultry diet is bound as phytic acid and needs to be hydrolysed before absorption. To increase P bioavailability, exogenous phytases or bioavailable rock phosphate is added in feed. There is growing evidence of the importance of miRNAs as the epicentre of intestinal homeostasis and functional properties. Therefore, we demonstrated the expression of miRNA profiles and the corresponding target genes due to the different levels of P (recommended vs. 20% reduction) and/or Ca (recommended vs. 15% reduction) in feed. Jejunal miRNA profiles of Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and Lohmann Brown (LB) laying hens strains were used (n = 80). A total of 34 and 76 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in the different diet groups within LSL and LB strains respectively. In LSL, the DE miRNAs and their targets were involved in calcium signaling pathway, inositol phosphate metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Similarly, in LB miRNAs targets were enriched in metabolic pathways such as glutathione metabolism, phosphonate metabolism and vitamin B6 metabolism. Our results suggest that both strains employ different intrinsic strategies to cope with modulated P and Ca supply and maintain mineral homeostasis.
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7
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Fungal Phytases: Current Research and Applications in Food Industry. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Hajimohammadi A, Mottaghitalab M, Hashemi M. Effects of microbial fermented sesame meal and enzyme supplementation on the intestinal morphology, microbiota, pH, tibia bone and blood parameters of broiler chicks. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1755378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Hajimohammadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Majid Mottaghitalab
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran
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Zając M, Kiczorowska B, Samolińska W, Klebaniuk R. Inclusion of Camelina, Flax, and Sunflower Seeds in the Diets for Broiler Chickens: Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients, Growth Performance, Health Status, and Carcass and Meat Quality Traits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020321. [PMID: 32085556 PMCID: PMC7070380 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The presented results were obtained in a scientific trial, in which the addition of camelina, flax, and sunflower seeds to Ross 308 broiler diets was tested in terms of improvement of production efficiency, health status parameters, and quality of poultry meat. The results of the research showed that the tested full-fat seeds can be considered good dietary ingredients with a positive effect on the poultry production process and, consequently, on the dietary value of poultry meat. Abstract The study determined the effect of the addition of 15% of camelina, flax, and sunflower seeds to iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets for broiler chickens during 21–42 days of age on the nutrient digestibility, production traits, slaughter analysis parameters, hematological indices, blood mineral elements, and dietary value of breast and drumstick meat. Two hundred one-day-old broiler chickens were assigned to four groups (treatments) with five replicates (10 birds per cage, 5 females and 5 males). The experiment lasted 6 weeks. Broiler chickens receiving diets supplemented with camelina and flax seeds exhibited an increase (p < 0.05) in average body weight and a decrease (p < 0.05) in the ether extract content and energy digestibility of the diets. Moreover, the best carcass quality with a high proportion of muscles and low abdominal fat content (p < 0.05) was noted in broilers fed flax- and sunflower-enriched diets. The treatments with the oil seeds reduced the ether extract content and the calorific value of breast and drumstick muscles. The flax seeds contributed to an increase in the Fe content in drumstick muscles. Additionally, some blood parameters were influenced by the flax seed supplementation, e.g., the level of hemoglobin declined (p < 0.05) and the iron level in plasma increased (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the camelina, flax, and sunflower seeds can be regarded as good dietary components with positive effects on the dietary value of poultry meat.
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Arguelles-Ramos M, Nusairat B, Qudsieh R, Brake J. Effects of Phytase Inclusion in Broiler Breeder Diets During Early Lay on their Fecal and Egg Characteristics. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - B Nusairat
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - R Qudsieh
- North Carolina State University, USA
| | - J Brake
- North Carolina State University, USA
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12
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Prospects for the use of genetically modified crops with improved nutritional properties as feed materials in poultry nutrition. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933911000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Körfer G, Novoa C, Kern J, Balla E, Grütering C, Davari MD, Martinez R, Vojcic L, Schwaneberg U. Directed evolution of an acid Yersinia mollaretii phytase for broadened activity at neutral pH. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9607-9620. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Sanangelantoni AM, Malatrasi M, Trivelloni E, Visioli G, Agrimonti C. A novel β-propeller phytase from the dioxin-degrading bacterium Sphingomonas wittichii RW-1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8351-8358. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Muszyński S, Tomaszewska E, Kwiecień M, Dobrowolski P, Tomczyk A. Effect of Dietary Phytase Supplementation on Bone and Hyaline Cartilage Development of Broilers Fed with Organically Complexed Copper in a Cu-Deficient Diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:339-353. [PMID: 28710591 PMCID: PMC5838127 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tibial mechanical, chemical, and histomorphometrical traits were investigated for growing male Ross 308 broiler chickens fed diets that had copper (Cu) from organic source at a lowered level of 25% of the daily requirement (4 mg kg-1 of a premix) with or without phytase. Dietary treatments were control non-copper, non-phytase group (0 Suppl); 4 mg kg-1 Cu non-phytase group (25%Cu); and 4 mg kg-1 Cu + 500 FTU kg-1 phytase group (25%Cu + phyt). The results show that birds fed with the addition of phytase exhibited improved weight gain and final body weight and had increased serum IGF-1 and osteocalcin concentrations. The serum concentration of Cu and P did not differ between groups; however, Ca concentration decreased in the 25%Cu + phyt group when compared to the 25%Cu group. Added Cu increased bone Ca, P, Cu, and ash content in Cu-supplemented groups, but bone weight and length increased only by the addition of phytase. Bone geometry, yield, and ultimate strengths were affected by Cu and phytase addition. A decrease of the elastic stress and ultimate stress of the tibia in Cu-supplemented groups was observed. The histomorphometric analysis showed a positive effect of Cu supplementation on real bone volume and trabecular thickness in the tibia metaphyseal trabeculae; additionally, phytase increased the trabeculea number. The supplementation with Cu significantly increased the total articular cartilage and growth plate cartilage thickness; however, the changes in thickness of particular zones were dependent upon phytase addition. In summary, dietary Cu supplements given to growing broilers with Cu in their diet restricted to 25% of the daily requirement had a positive effect on bone metabolism, and phytase supplementation additionally improved cartilage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tomczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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Momeneh T, Karimi A, Sadeghi G, Vaziry A, Bedford M. Evaluation of dietary calcium level and source and phytase on growth performance, serum metabolites, and ileum mineral contents in broiler chicks fed adequate phosphorus diets from one to 28 days of age. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1283-1289. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Martinez Rojas IY, Ávila González E, Arce Menocal J, Dos Santos TT, Rubio Arguello J, López Coello C. Assessment of a phytase included with lactic acid on productive parameters and on deposition of phosphorus, calcium, and zinc in laying hens fed with sorghum–soybean-meal-based diets. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1299740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Y. Martinez Rojas
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D. F., México
| | - E. Ávila González
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D. F., México
| | - J. Arce Menocal
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo, Morelia, México
| | | | | | - C. López Coello
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D. F., México
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Li W, Angel R, Kim SW, Brady K, Yu S, Plumstead PW. Impacts of dietary calcium, phytate, and phytase on inositol hexakisphosphate degradation and inositol phosphate release in different segments of digestive tract of broilers. Poult Sci 2017; 96:3626-3637. [PMID: 28938789 PMCID: PMC5850842 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 720 straight-run Heritage 56 M × fast feathering Cobb 500F broiler chickens was fed from 11 to 13 d of age to determine the impacts of dietary calcium (Ca), phytate phosphorus (PP), and phytase concentrations on inositol phosphate (IP3-6) profile in different digestive tract (GI) segments. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 3 randomized block design with 2 Ca (0.7 and 1.0%) and 2 PP (0.23 and 0.34%) concentrations and 3 doses of Buttiauxella sp. phytase (0, 500, and 1,000 FTU/kg). The experiment was replicated in time (block) with 3 replicates per treatment (Trt) of 10 birds per block. Concentrations of IP3-6 in the crop, proventriculus (Prov) plus (+) gizzard (Giz), and distal ileum, as well as the ileal IP6 and P disappearance were determined at 13 d of age. The detrimental impact of Ca on IP6 and P disappearance was observed only in the ileum, where 11% reduction in both IP6 and P disappearance was seen when Ca increased from 0.7 to 1.0% (P < 0.05). Higher IP5 and IP6 concentrations were seen in both the crop and Prov+Giz at 0.34% PP as compared to birds fed to 0.23% PP diets, regardless of Ca or phytase (P < 0.05), whereas IP3 and IP4 concentrations were not affected by PP (P > 0.05). Inclusion of phytase, at both 500 and 1,000 FTU/kg, resulted in lower IP6 and the accumulation of lower IP ester (IP3-5) concentrations in all GI segments (P < 0.05). Improved IP6 and P disappearance was seen as a result of phytase inclusion, despite the degree of improvement affected by PP (P < 0.05). On average, 5.5 and 6.7 times improvement in IP6 was observed with 500 and 1,000 FTU phytase/kg inclusion, respectively, resulting in 41 and 64% greater P digestibility, respectively. In conclusion, phytase can effectively degrade IP6 to lower esters and increase P utilization. However, the efficacy of phytase can be affected by diet Ca and PP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Li
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20714, USA
| | - R. Angel
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20714, USA
| | - S.-W. Kim
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20714, USA
| | - K. Brady
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20714, USA
| | - S. Yu
- Enzyme R&D, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Aarhus, DK-8220, Denmark
| | - P. W. Plumstead
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, SN8 1AA, UK
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Malloy M, Stephens A, Freeman M, Jones M, Faser J, Dale N, Davis A. Foot ash can replace tibia ash as a quantification method for bone mineralization in broilers at 21 and 42 days of age. J APPL POULTRY RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfw060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wang J, Yue H, Wu S, Zhang H, Qi G. Nutritional modulation of health, egg quality and environmental pollution of the layers. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2017; 3:91-96. [PMID: 29767091 PMCID: PMC5941107 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
World egg production and consumption have been increasing for the past decades. Traditional strategies in poultry nutrition have made vital contributions to this great growth in quantity. However, current global issues should be considered in modern egg production such as growing populations and food security, food safety and quality, limited resources and environmental problems. The development of knowledge of poultry nutrition and modern biotechnology provides novel nutritional approaches to closely fit the requirement of pullets and laying hens, which will consequently decrease the nutrition excretion and maintain the lower cost of feed. Nutrition has also been widely accepted as a strategy to influence health and diseases of laying hens. The maintenance of good health is an important prerequisite for improving productivity and egg quality. In addition, there are many measures and strategies for minimizing the incidence of egg defects and providing a choice of lifestyle to enhance human health. This paper reviews current research progress on developing innovative technologies and strategies to maximize animal health and performance, improve the quality of egg products and minimize pollution caused by poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guanghai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Al-Harthi MA. The Effect of Olive Cake, with or Without Enzymes Supplementation, on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Lymphoid Organs and Lipid Metabolism of Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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22
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Khosravi M, Dastar B, Aalami M, Shawrang P, Ashayerizadeh O. Comparison of gamma–Irradiation and enzyme supplementation to eliminate antinutritional factors in rice bran in broiler chicken diets. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Iterative key-residues interrogation of a phytase with thermostability increasing substitutions identified in directed evolution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:227-42. [PMID: 26403922 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial phytases have attracted industrial interest as animal feed supplement due to their high activity and sufficient thermostability (required for feed pelleting). We devised an approach named KeySIDE, an iterative Key-residues interrogation of the wild type with Substitutions Identified in Directed Evolution for improving Yersinia mollaretii phytase (Ymphytase) thermostability by combining key beneficial substitutions and elucidating their individual roles. Directed evolution yielded in a discovery of nine positions in Ymphytase and combined iteratively to identify key positions. The "best" combination (M6: T77K, Q154H, G187S, and K289Q) resulted in significantly improved thermal resistance; the residual activity improved from 35 % (wild type) to 89 % (M6) at 58 °C and 20-min incubation. Melting temperature increased by 3 °C in M6 without a loss of specific activity. Molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed reduced flexibility in the loops located next to helices (B, F, and K) which possess substitutions (Helix-B: T77K, Helix-F: G187S, and Helix-K: K289E/Q). Reduced flexibility in the loops might be caused by strengthened hydrogen bonding network (e.g., G187S and K289E/K289Q) and a salt bridge (T77K). Our results demonstrate a promising approach to design phytases in food research, and we hope that the KeySIDE might become an attractive approach for understanding of structure-function relationships of enzymes.
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Swiatkiewicz S, Swiatkiewicz M, Arczewska-Wlosek A, Jozefiak D. Efficacy of feed enzymes in pig and poultry diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles: a review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:15-26. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Swiatkiewicz
- National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - M. Swiatkiewicz
- National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | | | - D. Jozefiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management; Poznan University of Life Sciences; Poznan Poland
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Cheng F, Zhu L, Schwaneberg U. Directed evolution 2.0: improving and deciphering enzyme properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9760-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01594d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A KnowVolution: knowledge gaining directed evolution including four phases is proposed in this feature article, which generates improved enzyme variants and molecular understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Leilei Zhu
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
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26
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Wang L, Yang Y, Cai B, Cao P, Yang M, Chen Y. Coexpression and secretion of endoglucanase and phytase genes in Lactobacillus reuteri. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12842-60. [PMID: 25050780 PMCID: PMC4139877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A multifunctional transgenic Lactobacillus with probiotic characteristics and an ability to degrade β-glucan and phytic acid (phytate) was engineered to improve nutrient utilization, increase production performance and decrease digestive diseases in broiler chickens. The Bacillus subtilis WL001 endoglucanase gene (celW) and Aspergillus fumigatus WL002 phytase gene (phyW) mature peptide (phyWM) were cloned into an expression vector with the lactate dehydrogenase promoter of Lactobacillus casei and the secretion signal peptide of the Lactococcus lactisusp45 gene. This construct was then transformed into Lactobacillus reuteri XC1 that had been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Heterologous enzyme production and feed effectiveness of this genetically modified L. reuteri strain were investigated and evaluated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the molecular mass of phyWM and celW was approximately 48.2 and 55 kDa, respectively, consistent with their predicted molecular weights. Endoglucanase and phytase activities in the extracellular fraction of the transformed L. reuteri culture were 0.68 and 0.42 U/mL, respectively. Transformed L. reuteri improved the feed conversion ratio of broilers from 21 to 42 days of age and over the whole feeding period. However, there was no effect on body weight gain and feed intake of chicks. Transformed L. reuteri supplementation improved levels of ash, calcium and phosphorus in tibiae at day 21 and of phosphorus at day 42. In addition, populations of Escherichia coli, Veillonella spp. and Bacteroides vulgatus were decreased, while populations of Bifidobacterium genus and Lactobacillus spp. were increased in the cecum at day 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuxin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Pinghua Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mingming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yulin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Evaluation of phytate-degrading Lactobacillus culture administration to broiler chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:943-50. [PMID: 24271165 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03155-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been demonstrated to promote growth, stimulate immune responses, and improve food safety of poultry. While widely used, their effectiveness is mixed, and the mechanisms through which they contribute to poultry production are not well understood. Microbial phytases are increasingly supplemented in feed to improve digestibility and reduce antinutritive effects of phytate. The microbial origin of these exogenous enzymes suggests a potentially important mechanism of probiotic functionality. We investigated phytate degradation as a novel probiotic mechanism using recombinant Lactobacillus cultures expressing Bacillus subtilis phytase. B. subtilis phyA was codon optimized for expression in Lactobacillus and cloned into the expression vector pTRK882. The resulting plasmid, pTD003, was transformed into Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gallinarum, and Lactobacillus gasseri. SDS-PAGE revealed a protein in the culture supernatants of Lactobacillus pTD003 transformants with a molecular weight similar to that of the B. subtilis phytase. Expression of B. subtilis phytase increased phytate degradation of L. acidophilus, L. gasseri, and L. gallinarum approximately 4-, 10-, and 18-fold over the background activity of empty-vector transformants, respectively. Phytase-expressing L. gallinarum and L. gasseri were administered to broiler chicks fed a phosphorus-deficient diet. Phytase-expressing L. gasseri improved weight gain of broiler chickens to a level comparable to that for chickens fed a control diet adequate in phosphorus, demonstrating proof of principle that administration of phytate-degrading probiotic cultures can improve performance of livestock animals. This will inform future studies investigating whether probiotic cultures are able to provide both the performance benefits of feed enzymes and the animal health and food safety benefits traditionally associated with probiotics.
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Yu P, Chen Y. Purification and characterization of a novel neutral and heat-tolerant phytase from a newly isolated strain Bacillus nealsonii ZJ0702. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:78. [PMID: 24073799 PMCID: PMC3849611 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phytic acid and phytates can interact with biomolecules, such as proteins and carbohydrates, and are anti-nutritional factors found in food and feed. Therefore, it is necessary to remove these compounds in food and feed processing. Phytase can hydrolyze phytic acid and phytates to release a series of lower phosphate esters of myoinositol and orthophosphate. Thus, the purification and characterization of novel phytases that can be used in food and feed processing is of particular interest to the food and feed industries. Results A novel neutral and heat-tolerant phytase from a newly isolated strain Bacillus nealsonii ZJ0702 was purified to homogeneity with a yield of 5.7% and a purification fold of 44. The molecular weight of the purified phytase obtained by SDS-PAGE was 43 kDa. The homology analysis based on N-terminal amino acid and DNA sequencing indicated that the purified phytase was different from other known phytases. The optimal thermal and pH activity of the phytase was observed at 55°C and 7.5, respectively. Seventy-three percent of the original activity of the phytase was maintained following incubation at 90°C for 10 min. The phytase was stable within a pH range of 6.0 − 8.0 and showed high substrate specificity for sodium phytate. Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Ba2+ and Ni2+ ions were found to inhibit the activity of the phytase. Conclusions A novel phytase purified from B. nealsonii ZJ0702 was identified. The phytase was found to be thermally stable over a wide temperature range at neutral pH. These properties suggest that this phytase is a suitable alternative to fungal phytases for the hydrolysis of phytic acid and phytates in food and feed processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 149 Jiaogong Road, Hangzhou 310035, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Woyengo TA, Nyachoti CM. Review: Anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid in diets for pigs and poultry – current knowledge and directions for future research. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2012-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Woyengo, T. A. and Nyachoti, C. M. 2013. Review: Anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid in diets for pigs and poultry – current knowledge and directions for future research. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 9–21. Plant feedstuffs contain phytic acid (PA), which is a storage form of phosphorus. Phytic acid is, however, poorly hydrolyzed by pigs and poultry, and it has a capacity to complex dietary nutrients, thereby reducing nutrient digestibility. Reduced nutrient digestibility by PA implies reduced efficiency of utilization of the nutrients and increased discharge of the unabsorbed nutrients to the environment. Phytic acid has also recently been shown to increase the endogenous nutrient losses (ENL) in pigs and poultry. Because the increased ENL in the gastrointestinal tract are associated with increased maintenance requirement for the lost nutrients and of energy spent on their secretion, an increase in ENL due to PA implies that there are other adverse effects of PA on nutrient utilization in addition to reducing nutrient digestibility. In this review, the effects of PA on performance of pigs and poultry, and on the digestibility and ENL in these animals are discussed in detail. Also, the mechanisms by which PA reduces nutrient digestibility and increases gastrointestinal ENL in pigs and poultry are discussed, and areas that need further research to gain more insight into these mechanisms are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Woyengo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - C. M. Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
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Silva Y, Rodrigues P, Zangeronimo M, Fialho E, Freitas RD, Alvarenga R. Redução de proteína e fósforo em dietas com fitase para frangos de corte dos 22 aos 42 dias de idade. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de fitase em dietas com proteína bruta (PB) e fósforo disponível (Pd) reduzidos sobre o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e cortes e quantidade de poluentes na cama de frangos dos 22 aos 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 1200 pintos aos 21 dias, média de peso inicial de 646±8g, distribuídos em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3x3+1 (três porcentagens de Pd - 0,2, 0,3 e 0,4% - e três de PB - 14, 16 e 18% - e um tratamento adicional, padrão) em seis repetições de 20 aves cada. A fitase (500FTU/kg) foi adicionada nas dietas com fósforo reduzido (0,2 e 0,3%). Aos 42 dias as aves foram abatidas e amostras das camas foram encaminhadas para análise. Em dietas com reduzido teor de PB, melhor desempenho e rendimento de carcaça e menor quantidade de fósforo, cálcio, potássio e zinco nas camas foram obtidos com 0,3% Pd+fitase. Menor quantidade de nitrogênio e potássio, porém com maior deposição de gordura abdominal e maior excreção de cobre, foram obtido com 14% de PB. Comparadas ao controle, dietas com 14% de PB e 0,3% de Pd reduziram a excreção de fósforo em 34%. Conclui-se que dietas com 14% de PB e 0,3% de Pd, suplementadas com fitase e aminoácidos cristalinos, podem ser utilizadas para frangos de corte dos 22 aos 42 dias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.L. Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
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Shivange AV, Serwe A, Dennig A, Roccatano D, Haefner S, Schwaneberg U. Directed evolution of a highly active Yersinia mollaretii phytase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 95:405-18. [PMID: 22159661 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phytase improves as a feed supplement the nutritional quality of phytate-rich diets (e.g., cereal grains, legumes, and oilseeds) by hydrolyzing indigestible phytate (myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis dihydrogen phosphate) and increasing abdominal absorption of inorganic phosphates, minerals, and trace elements. Directed phytase evolution was reported for improving industrial relevant properties such as thermostability (pelleting process) or activity. In this study, we report the cloning, characterization, and directed evolution of the Yersinia mollaretii phytase (Ymphytase). Ymphytase has a tetrameric structure with positive cooperativity (Hill coefficient was 2.3) and a specific activity of 1,073 U/mg which is ∼10 times higher than widely used fungal phytases. High-throughput prescreening methods using filter papers or 384-well microtiter plates were developed. Precise subsequent screening for thermostable and active phytase variants was performed by combining absorbance and fluorescence-based detection system in 96-well microtiter plates. Directed evolution yielded after mutant library generation (SeSaM method) and two-step screening (in total ∼8,400 clones) a phytase variant with ∼20% improved thermostability (58°C for 20 min; residual activity wild type ∼34%; variant ∼53%) and increased melting temperature (1.5°C) with a slight loss of specific activity (993 U/mg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol V Shivange
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen, Germany
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Chivandi E, Davidson B, Erlwanger K. Kigelia africana seed: proximate, mineral, vitamin E, fibre, amino acid and fatty acid composition. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Deepa C, Jeyanthi G, Chandrasek D. Effect of Phytase and Citric Acid Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Phosphorus, Calcium and Nitrogen Retention on Broiler Chicks Fed with Low Level of Available Phosphorus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ajpsaj.2011.28.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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34
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Shaw A, Blake J, Gordon R. Evaluation of commercial phytase enzymes on performance and tibia-breaking strength of male broiler chicks. J APPL POULTRY RES 2010. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2009-00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Panda AK, Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Bhanja SK. Effect of microbial phytase on production performance of White Leghorn layers fed on a diet low in non-phytate phosphorus. Br Poult Sci 2010; 46:464-9. [PMID: 16268104 DOI: 10.1080/00071660500191098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. An experiment with 150 White Leghorn layers was conducted to examine the effect of microbial phytase supplementation of low non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) diets on egg production, eggshell quality, bone mineralisation and retention of nutrients at 32-48 weeks of age. 2. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 g NPP/kg diet with the two lowest NPP (1.2 and 1.8) supplemented with microbial phytase (Biofeed Phytase, India) at 500 FTU per kg diet. Each diet was offered ad libitum to 5 replicates of 5 layers throughout the experiment. 3. Body weight gain was reduced significantly in the layers fed on the 1.2 g/kg NPP diet as compared to those given diets containing 1.8-3.0 g/kg. Addition of phytase to the 1.2 g/kg diet significantly enhanced the body weight and was comparable with those given diets containing 1.8-3.0 g/kg NPP. 4. No additional advantage resulted from enhancing the NPP levels beyond 1.8 g/kg or adding phytase to a diet containing 1.8 g/kg NPP. 5. Hen d egg production, food intake, food efficiency, shell weight, shell thickness, shell strength and tibia strength followed the same trends as above. However, adding phytase to the 1.8 g/kg NPP diet significantly enhanced tibia ash. Egg weight, specific gravity and Haugh units were influenced by neither NPP concentration nor phytase supplementation. 6. Adding phytase to the 1.2 g/kg NPP diet significantly enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus retention. 7. It was concluded that addition of 500 FTU of microbial phytase/kg diet can allow the reduction of NPP content to 1.2g/kg in the layer diet, eliminate inorganic phosphorus supplementation and results in significant reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus excretion without affecting the production performance of layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Panda
- Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.
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36
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Characterization of a thermostable alkaline phytase from Bacillus licheniformis ZJ-6 in Pichia pastoris. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Diarra S, Usman B, Igwebuike J, Yisa A. Breeding for Efficient Phytate-phosphorus Utilization by Poultry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2010.923.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Shivange AV, Schwaneberg U, Roccatano D. Conformational dynamics of active site loop in Escherichia coli phytase. Biopolymers 2010; 93:994-1002. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Brodacki A, Batkowska J, Makarski B. The effect of feeding with feedstuff containing microbial and plant phytase additive on performance of young slaughter turkeys. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09064700903160702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Haygarth PM, Apsimon H, Betson M, Harris D, Hodgkinson R, Withers PJA. Mitigating diffuse phosphorus transfer from agriculture according to cost and efficiency. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2009; 38:2012-2022. [PMID: 19704144 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2008.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Potential options for mitigating phosphorus (P) transfer from agriculture to water in England and Wales (E&W) were collated across a range of farm systems to assess their potential effectiveness in reducing mass of P transferred and potential cost (pounds sterling [ pound]) to the farming industry. A simple model framework (called PEASE) incorporating a number of assumptions was used to identify 15 methods for mitigating inputs of P to agricultural systems, 19 methods for preventing mobilization of P, and six methods for controlling the transport of P to streams. The scope for largest reductions in P inputs was to grassland and horticulture. Potential reductions in P mobilization were up to 1.2 kg P ha(-1). Reductions in P transfer associated with transport mitigation were larger than those associated with input and mobilization methods (up to 2.2 kg P ha(-1)). The largest estimated reductions were achieved by installing buffer zones and constructed wetlands, the former being very cost effective ( pound3-5 kg(-1) P saved). Plots of cost curves helped identify where the combined and cumulative P transfer reductions were attainable; these were approximately 0.2 kg ha(-1) for uplands, 0.6 kg ha(-1) for outdoor pigs, 0.9 kg ha(-1) for intensive dairy, and 2.2 kg ha(-1) for arable examples. We concluded that established catchment-scale evidence for mitigation is sparse, especially for specific farm systems in E&W. Sensitivities and uncertainties in the approach, especially associated with expert coefficients, are noted. This approach is nonetheless considered useful for prioritizing where and how best options might be most effectively targeted for least cost but greatest benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Haygarth
- Centre for Sustainable Water Management, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
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Rao D, Rao K, Reddy T, Reddy V. Molecular characterization, physicochemical properties, known and potential applications of phytases: An overview. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2009; 29:182-98. [DOI: 10.1080/07388550902919571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Leytem A, Widyaratne G, Thacker P. Phosphorus Utilization and Characterization of Ileal Digesta and Excreta from Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Varying in Cereal Grain, Phosphorus Level, and Phytase Addition. Poult Sci 2008; 87:2466-76. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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43
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Santos F, Hruby M, Pierson E, Remus J, Sakomura N. Effect of Phytase Supplementation in Diets on Nutrient Digestibility and Performance in Broiler Chicks. J APPL POULTRY RES 2008. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2007-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Low Non Phytate Phosphorus Diets Supplemented with Microbial Phytase. J Poult Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.44.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Catalá-Gregori P, García V, Hernández F, Madrid J, Cerón JJ. Response of Broilers to Feeding Low-Calcium and Phosphorus Diets Plus Phytase Under Different Environmental Conditions: Body Weight and Tibiotarsus Mineralization. Poult Sci 2006; 85:1923-31. [PMID: 17032825 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.11.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments on Ross broiler chickens were conducted in 3 locations: cages (Experiment 1), floor pens (Experiment 2), and commercial farms (Experiment 3). The effect of low-total P (TP) wheat-soybean based diets plus microbial phytase (Natuphos) was evaluated. Four experimental starter and finisher diets were used in a 2-phase feeding program, as follows: control diet (SC until 21 d, FC from 22 to 42 d); 2 diets (SL400 and SL600 until 21 d, FL400 and FL600 from 22 to 42 d) with low TP (0.61% for starter and 0.54% for finisher), including 400 and 600 U/kg of phytase, respectively; and a very low-TP (0.52% for starter and 0.44% for finisher) diet (SVL600 until 21 d, FVL600 from 22 to 42 d) with 600 U/kg of phytase. In Experiment 1 (broilers in cages had movement limitation and no access to litter), no differences in BW, tibiotarsus mineralization, or mineral metabolism were observed among diets. In Experiment 2 (broilers in floor pens had movement limitation and access to litter), at 21 d of age, the lowest tibiotarsus ash percentage and BW were shown by birds fed the SVL600 diet. At 42 d of age, broilers fed the FC diet were the lightest. For the rest of the parameters of tibiotarsus mineralization and mineral metabolism measured in Experiment 2, no differences were shown. In Experiment 3 (broilers in commercial farms had access to litter without movement limitation), the BW of broilers fed the SC diet was the highest at 21 d of age. At 42 d of age, the broilers fed FL400 and FL600 diets were the heaviest. At the end of Experiment 3, broilers fed the FC diet had the highest dry litter Ca and P, whereas broilers fed the FVL600 diet had the lowest values. In conclusion, the very low-TP wheat-soybean based diet supplemented with 600 U/kg of phytase was sufficient to optimize all the parameters measured in Experiment 1 but not in Experiments 2 and 3. Therefore, when evaluating Ca and P in phytase-supplemented diets for broilers, it is necessary to bear in mind the environmental conditions of experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Catalá-Gregori
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
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Waldenstedt L. Nutritional factors of importance for optimal leg health in broilers: A review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wu G, Liu Z, Bryant MM, Roland DA. Comparison of Natuphos and Phyzyme as phytase sources for commercial layers fed corn-soy diet. Poult Sci 2006; 85:64-9. [PMID: 16493947 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of 2 sources of phytase on performance of commercial Leghorns fed corn-soy diets. Seven diets were fed to Hy-line W-36 hens (n = 840; 8 replicates of 15 hens per treatment) from 21 to 33 wk of age. The treatments consisted of a control diet containing 0.38% nonphytate P (NPP) and a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of 2 dietary NPP concentrations (0.11 and 0.26%) with 2 phytase sources [Natuphos (BASF, Mt. Olive, NJ) and Phyzyme (Danisco Animal Nutrition, Carol Stream, IL)] and without phytase. Dietary NPP had significant effects on feed intake, NPP intake, total P intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, egg specific gravity, and excreta P. The addition of Phyzyme or Natuphos significantly increased egg production and egg mass of hens fed the P-deficient diet (0.11% NPP) to levels that were similar to hens fed the control diet containing 0.38% NPP. Feed intake of hens fed the diets supplemented with Phyzyme or Natuphos was significantly less than that of hens fed the control diet containing 0.38% NPP. Phyzyme or Natuphos supplementation in the diets containing 0.11% NPP had significantly reduced excreta P of the control diet (approximately 58 and 54%, respectively) with no adverse effect on egg production and egg mass. There were no significant differences in feed intake, NPP intake, total P intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion, egg specific gravity, mortality, BW, and excreta P between the diets supplemented with Natuphos and the diets supplemented with Phyzyme. In conclusion, Phyzyme had the same positive effects on performance of commercial Leghorns fed corn-soy diets as Natuphos.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wu
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Alabama 36849, USA
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Haefner S, Knietsch A, Scholten E, Braun J, Lohscheidt M, Zelder O. Biotechnological production and applications of phytases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:588-97. [PMID: 16041577 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phytases decompose phytate, which is the primary storage form of phosphate in plants. More than 10 years ago, the first commercial phytase product became available on the market. It offered to help farmers reduce phosphorus excretion of monogastric animals by replacing inorganic phosphates by microbial phytase in the animal diet. Phytase application can reduce phosphorus excretion by up to 50%, a feat that would contribute significantly toward environmental protection. Furthermore, phytase supplementation leads to improved availability of minerals and trace elements. In addition to its major application in animal nutrition, phytase is also used for processing of human food. Research in this field focuses on better mineral absorption and technical improvement of food processing. All commercial phytase preparations contain microbial enzymes produced by fermentation. A wide variety of phytases were discovered and characterized in the last 10 years. Initial steps to produce phytase in transgenic plants were also undertaken. A crucial role for its commercial success relates to the formulation of the enzyme solution delivered from fermentation. For liquid enzyme products, a long shelf life is achieved by the addition of stabilizing agents. More comfortable for many customers is the use of dry enzyme preparations. Different formulation technologies are used to produce enzyme powders that retain enzyme activity, are stable in application, resistant against high temperatures, dust-free, and easy to handle.
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Yan F, Fritts C, Walsroup P. Evaluation of Modified Dietary Phosphorus Levels with and Without Phytase Supplementation on Live Performance and Excreta Phosphorus Concentration in Broiler Diets. 2. Modified Early Phosphorus Levels. J APPL POULTRY RES 2004. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/13.3.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Vadas PA, Meisinger JJ, Sikora LJ, McMurtry JP, Sefton AE. Effect of poultry diet on phosphorus in runoff from soils amended with poultry manure and compost. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2004; 33:1845-1854. [PMID: 15356246 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2004.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus in runoff from fields where poultry litter is surface-applied is an environmental concern. We investigated the effect of adding phytase and reducing supplemental P in poultry diets and composting poultry manures, with and without Fe and Al amendments, on P in manures, composts, and runoff. We used four diets: normal (no phytase) with 0.4% supplemental P, normal + phytase, phytase + 0.3% P, and phytase + 0.2% P. Adding phytase and decreasing supplemental P in diets reduced total P but increased water-extractable P in manure. Compared with manures, composting reduced both total P, due to dilution of manure with woodchips and straw, and water-extractable P, but beyond a dilution effect so that the ratio of water-extractable P to total P was less in compost than manure. Adding Fe and Al during composting did not consistently change total P or water-extractable P. Manures and composts were surface-applied to soil boxes at a rate of 50 kg total P ha(-1) and subjected to simulated rainfall, with runoff collected for 30 min. For manures, phytase and decreased P in diets had no significant effect on total P or molybdate-reactive P loads (kg ha(-1)) in runoff. Composting reduced total P and molybdate-reactive P loads in runoff, and adding Fe and Al to compost reduced total P but not molybdate-reactive P loads in runoff. Molybdate-reactive P in runoff (mg box(-1)) was well correlated to water-extractable P applied to boxes (mg box(-1)) in manures and composts. Therefore, the final environmental impact of dietary phytase will depend on the management of poultry diets, manure, and farm-scale P balances.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Vadas
- PSWMRU, Building 3702, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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